高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较难版01）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较难版01）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A video. B．Herbs. C．Diseases. 2．（本题1.5分）Why do people plant trees in cities according to the woman? A．To clean the air. B．To provide a place for rest. C．To beautify the environment. 3．（本题1.5分）Why did the man buy the lemon tree? A．To produce fruit. B．To purify the air. C．To decorate his room. 4．（本题1.5分）When will the tomatoes be harvested? A．In a month. B．In 2 weeks. C．In 3 weeks. 5．（本题1.5分）What does the man think the plants need most? A．Wind. B．Water. C．Sunshine. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)When will the solar eclipse happen? A．At 2:50 pm. B．At 3:20 pm. C．At 3:10 pm. 7．(1.5分)Why does the woman go to get the paper? A．To keep the birds safe. B．To stop the birds singing. C．To protect her eyes. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What is the man doing? A．Presenting research results. B．Conducting an interview. C．Watching a TV show. 9．(1.5分)What do we know about the dark matter? A．It has no reaction to light. B．It’s widely known by people. C．It’s the most important part of the universe. 10．(1.5分)How much of the universe is made up of dark energy? A．About 5%. B．About 26%. C．About 69%. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 12．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 13．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Where does the conversation probably take place? A．At Tom’s home. B．In Lisa’s garden. C．On a farm. 15．(1.5分)What does Tom say about the tomatoes? A．They are healthy. B．They taste sweet. C．They are a good size. 16．(1.5分)What does Lisa think is the most important to tomato growth? A．Soil. B．Watering. C．Sunlight. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．(1.5分)Why do plants produce sounds? A．To communicate. B．To speed up growth. C．To defend themselves. 18．(1.5分)How did researchers run the experiment? A．By tracking the growth of plants. B．By testing plants' response to noise. C．By stressing plants in different ways. 19．(1.5分)What happened to the second group of plants? A．They were not watered. B．Their stems were cut off. C．They were left untouched. 20．(1.5分)What may the new software help farmers do? A．Monitor crop health. B．Reduce insect damage. C．Offer planting methods. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Creating a Habitat for Bees Why not observe some insects in a habitat you built yourself? Build a bee hotel using a glass jar to provide a safe nesting place for solitary bees. This project helps kids learn about bee habitats, the importance of pollinators (传花粉者), and biodiversity.Materials Needed Clean glass jar (mason jar or similar), paper, scissors, string or wire, and tape (optional).Steps 1. Prepare your paper tubes: Cut and roll your paper into tubes to a length slightly shorter than the height of the glass jar. Ensure the ends are smooth and open. The bees will go into these tubes, so the tubes should be about half an inch in width. 2. Fill the jar: Pack paper tubes tightly into the jar, making sure they fit tightly and do not fall out. The tubes should be arranged so that the open ends face outward. 3. Hang the bee hotel: Attach string or wire around the neck of the jar, forming a loop (圈) for hanging. Choose a location that is sheltered from heavy rain and direct wind but receives plenty of sunlight, such as under the eaves of a building or on a tree branch. 4. Monitor and maintain: Check the bee hotel regularly to ensure it remains undamaged and clean. Replace any damaged or blocked tube as needed.Science Concepts Bee habitats: Learn about the natural nesting preferences of solitary bees and how creating suitable habitats can support their populations. Pollination: Understand the crucial role bees play in pollination and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems. Conservation: Explore the importance of conserving pollinator species and promoting biodiversity through small-scale interventions like building bee hotels. Ecology: Gain insights into the interactions between living organisms and their environment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of ecosystems. 21．(2.5分)Who is this project intended for? A．Young learners. B．Urban planners. C．Experienced farmers. D．Professional ecologists. 22．(2.5分)What can we infer about the paper tubes used in building a bee hotel? A．They must be completely closed at one end. B．They need to be replaced on a weekly basis. C．Their width is less important than their length. D．Their openings should stay uncovered and accessible. 23．(2.5分)What is a key ecological insight children can gain from the project? A．The value of teamwork among insects. B．The harm caused by chemical pollution. C．The link between species and surroundings. D．The method of picking artificial nests for bees. （本题10分）For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared — something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science — then called “the new philosophy” — took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering(修补) as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 24．(2.5分)How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript? A．Confused about the technical terms. B．Impressed with its detailed instructions. C．Discouraged by its complex structure. D．Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 25．(2.5分)According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to ________. A．restore old workshops B．understand the craftsmen C．improve visual effects D．inspire the philosophers 26．(2.5分)Why does the author mention museums? A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasize the values of hand skills. 27．(2.5分)Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science （本题10分）On November 4, 2025, the astronauts aboard the Tiangong space station spotted cracks on their return capsule’s (太空舱) viewport window. Guessing that they were caused by tiny pieces of space debris (残骸), the ground team soon carried out analyses and experiments, and finally decided that they posed safety risks and pushed the return back. On November 14, the crew safely landed on Earth aboard the Shenzhou XXI spacecraft, completing an extra-long 204-day mission. Space debris, also known as orbital debris, includes non-functioning satellites, out-of-service rockets, and broken pieces from collisions (碰撞) or explosions, which pose severe risks because even small pieces, when moving at orbital speeds, carry enough energy to disable a spacecraft or destroy a satellite. The problem has worsened in recent years due to the rise of large satellites. Each new satellite increases the chance of collisions, leading to the generation of more debris — an effect known as the Kessler Syndrome, first suggested by NASA scientist Donald Kessler in 1978. The Tiangong incident is not an uncommon case. In 2021, a piece of debris from a 2007 anti-satellite test narrowly missed the International Space Station, forcing its crew to take shelter in their docked spacecraft. “We’re entering a phase where space operations are becoming increasingly risky,” says Holger Krag, head of the European Space Agency’s Space Safety Programme. Several solutions have been put forward to tackle the debris problem. These include active debris removal missions, which use robots or nets to collect and deorbit junk; designing satellites to be more easily deorbited at the end of their missions; and carrying out stricter international regulations on space activities. However, these measures face significant technical, financial, and political challenges. The Tiangong astronauts returned safely to Earth, but their experience serves as a wake-up call. As more countries and private companies venture into space, the need for a comprehensive, global approach to space debris management has never been more urgent (迫切的). Without action, the very orbits that enable modern life — from GPS navigation to weather forecasting — could become too dangerous to use. 28．(2.5分)Why was the return delayed? A．The craft ran out of fuel. B．Mission time was increased. C．Landing site was changed. D．Window cracks caused dangers. 29．(2.5分)What can lead to Kessler Syndrome according to the passage? A．Frequent space collisions. B．Unexpected star movements. C．Slow speed of space junk. D．Old satellites falling to Earth. 30．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “tackle” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Create. B．Solve. C．Ignore. D．Discover. 31．(2.5分)How does the author feel about the space debris? A．Quite positive. B．Deeply concerned. C．Doubtful of its risks. D．Excited about challenges. （本题10分）Small, colorless, and blind cavefishes inhabit underground waters throughout the eastern United States. In a new study, Yale researchers reveal insights into just how these distinctive cave residents evolved — and provide a unique method for dating the underground ecosystems where they reside. In an analysis of the genomes (基因组) of all known blind species, the researchers found that the different species colonized (定居) cave systems independently of each other and separately evolved similar features — such as the loss of eyes and color — as they adapted to their dark cave environments. Their findings are published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution. By studying the specific genetic mutations (突变) that caused the fishes’ eyes to degenerate over time, the researchers developed a sort of “mutational clock” that allowed them to estimate when each species began losing their vision. They found that the vision-related genes of the oldest cavefish species, the Ozark cavefish, began degenerating up to 11 million years ago. This technique provides a minimum age for the caves, as the cavefish must have been living in underground waters when their eyesight started to devolve. To understand when the cavefish began populating caves, the researchers studied the fishes’ genomes, examining 88 vision-related genes for mutations. The analysis revealed that the various cavefish ancestries had completely different sets of genetic mutations involved in the loss of vision. This, they said, suggests that separate species colonized caves and adapted to those underground ecosystems independently of each other. “A number of the mutations we see in the cavefish genomes that lead to degeneration of the eyes are similar to mutations that cause eye diseases in humans,” said Thomas Near, senior author of the study. “There is the possibility for translational medicine through which by studying this natural system in cavefishes, we can collect insights into the genomic mechanisms of eye diseases in humans.” 32．(2.5分)What did Yale researchers discover about blind cavefishes? A．They evolved independently. B．They had identical mutations. C．They shared common ancestors. D．They developed at the same pace. 33．(2.5分)What is the function of the mutational clock? A．Estimating cavefish ages. B．Confirming the formation of caves. C．Identifying the time of vision loss. D．Improving the underground ecosystems. 34．(2.5分)What evidence shows cavefish species colonized caves separately? A．Diverse genome numbers. B．Similar mutation patterns. C．Different vision-loss mutations. D．Uniform genomic mechanisms. 35．(2.5分)What can be the best title for the text? A．Mutational Clock B．Cavefish Evolution C．Vision-Related Genomes D．Independent Colonization （本题12.5分）What if we could obtain the memory and perception benefits of brief naps (打盹)? A recent study published in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. 36(2.5分) They then reproduced this boost by stimulating the brains of awake monkeys in a way that imitated sleep activity. The process, if effective in humans, might one day help boost cognition and treat sleep disorders. The team first trained five monkeys on a task evaluating image directions and tested them twice. During a 30-minute gap between tests, the monkeys either had brief naps or merely rested. Those that slept performed significantly better on the second test. 37(2.5分) In monkeys that slept between tests, neural activity was, oddly, less synchronized (同步的) during the second test than during the first. Sleep is a synchronizing phenomenon in which neurons fire together. But the level of synchrony after sleep is reduced compared with before. Moreover, the size of this “desynchronizing” correlated with the performance boost. 38(2.5分) What is actually behind the performance boost? Since the sleeping monkey’s brain activity is known to be dominated by low-frequency “delta” brain waves, the researchers wondered whether they are responsible. To test it, they conducted the experiment again. 39(2.5分) This “artificial brief nap” also led to both reduced neural synchrony and better performance. The results in primates strongly suggest “artificial brief nap” effects will translate to humans. 40(2.5分) This research further demonstrates that stimulating the brain when awake at delta frequency can imitate sleep’s benefits. The researchers used electrodes placed in the monkeys’ brains for stimulation, but they plan to test noninvasive techniques in people with sleep disorders in the near future. A．The researchers then recorded thousands of neurons’ activity in the monkeys’ brains. B．This suggests that more independent firing among neurons may drive the improvement. C．Evidence already exists that electrical stimulation during sleep can benefit humans’ memory. D．This time they observed how the monkeys’ delta brain waves changed naturally during sleep. E．Researchers found that brief naps enhanced monkeys’ performance on a visual-perception task. F．The findings show that the performance boost results from a higher level of synchrony among neurons. G．Instead of letting the monkeys sleep, researchers stimulated their brains with an electrical signal imitating delta waves. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 41 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 42 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 43 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 44 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 45 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 46 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 47 the transformation. But Jo was not 48 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 49 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 50 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 51 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 52 about nature. Although butterflies do not 53 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 54 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 55 our understanding of the natural world. 41．(1分)A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 42．(1分)A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 43．(1分)A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 44．(1分)A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 45．(1分)A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 46．(1分)A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 47．(1分)A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 48．(1分)A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 49．(1分)A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 50．(1分)A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 51．(1分)A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 52．(1分)A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 53．(1分)A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 54．(1分)A．space B．speed C．age D．size 55．(1分)A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese research team has recently made a breakthrough in developing “long-lifespan rice” by identifying the key gene (基因) and mechanism that enable wild rice 56(1.5分) (harvest) multiple times, and has successfully introduced this gene into a cultivated (栽培) rice variety. This latest 57(1.5分) (achieve) has been published in the international academic journal Science. According to 58(1.5分) paper, the Chinese team identifies two genes that help the wild rice Oryza rufipogon grow well year after year by adding these genes to the cultivated rice O. sativa, which gave it a key perennial trait (多年生特性): the ability to stop flowering and resume vegetative growth, instead 59(1.5分) dying off after flowering as annual plants 60(1.5分) (general) do. Experts say that while the genetic basis of rice longevity 61(1.5分) (reveal) so far, the research remains largely at a fundamental stage. 62(1.5分) (system) evaluations of yield, taste, and other characteristics have yet to be completed. Overall, the new rice is not intended to replace existing high-yield varieties, 63(1.5分) rather to serve as an addition to current farming systems. Still, experts say that “longevity rice” shows potential in low-productivity areas such as sloped farmland and hilly regions, 64(1.5分) the planting conditions are challenging but its characteristic could reduce labor input and help conserve soil, 65(1.5分) (offer) distinct ecological and economic value. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你校上周组织高一年级学生参加了“认识我们身边的植物”主题活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的；2.活动内容； 3.活动收获。 注意：词数80-100，可适当增加细节使行文连贯。 Know Plants Around Us ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Growing up in Pennsylvania, my family had a unique hobby: recovering wild animals. Our home was often crowded with the presence of raccoons (浣熊) and even a fox that hung about freely among us. These early experiences with wildlife caused a deep-seated passion for animals in me, one that eventually led to an intense fascination with marine life. The process of caring for these animals involved not only feeding and nurturing them back to health but also learning about their habits and behaviors. It was this hands-on experience that taught me the importance of patience, observation, and respect for nature. During family vacations to Bermuda, I would spend countless hours watching whales from the shore, attracted by their grace and mystery. Today, after more than three decades, I continue to study whales and currently serve as the president of the Center for Cetacean Research and Conservation, primarily based in the Cook Islands and Bermuda. My work focuses on understanding whale behavior, migration (迁徙) patterns, and how we can better protect these gentle whales. In 2023, I set out on an ambitious project to create a documentary about whale conservation around Rarotonga, in the Cook Islands. Joining me on this voyage was my longtime friend and colleague, Liam. Together, we aimed to capture amazing footage of my interactions with humpback (座头鲸) whales, which usually involved me quietly slipping into the water to observe and cautiously record their behavior. That day, from our boat, we spotted a couple of humpbacks swimming not too far off. Deciding to get closer, I wore just a snorkel mask and a GoPro camera and slipped into the ocean, eager to document these awe-inspiring creatures up close. As I swam towards them, I felt a mix of excitement and admiration. Each stroke brought me nearer to these huge beings whose songs could be weakly heard echoing through the water. Liam remained on the boat, ready to assist if needed, his eyes fixed on me through a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜). 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较难版01）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A video. B．Herbs. C．Diseases. 【答案】B 【原文】M: Watch this video about traditional Chinese medicine. I didn’t know herbs could help treat so many illnesses. W: That’s true. My grandma used to boil herbs for our minor health issues. M: Did it actually work? W: Definitely! It’s a tradition passed down for generations. 2．（本题1.5分）Why do people plant trees in cities according to the woman? A．To clean the air. B．To provide a place for rest. C．To beautify the environment. 【答案】A 【原文】M: I didn’t expect to see so many trees in a city. W: Trees are planted in cities to take in harmful gases and give out oxygen. They are really important. M: Sure. Trees also make cities more beautiful, and people can have a rest under the shade. 3．（本题1.5分）Why did the man buy the lemon tree? A．To produce fruit. B．To purify the air. C．To decorate his room. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Wow, the lemon tree turns out to be a great decoration in your room. M: Well, that’s not why I bought it. You see, the fresh smell of lemons fills the air around the lemon tree, which can improve air quality in the room. 4．（本题1.5分）When will the tomatoes be harvested? A．In a month. B．In 2 weeks. C．In 3 weeks. 【答案】B 【原文】W: I haven’t seen you for a month, Ingram. Oh, your tomato plants grow so well. M: So they do. They were small just three weeks ago. W: I think you’ll have a good harvest in half a month. M: You’re right. 5．（本题1.5分）What does the man think the plants need most? A．Wind. B．Water. C．Sunshine. 【答案】C 【原文】W: It looks as if these plants have not been watered for a long time. M: I came around with the watering pot just two days ago. Are you sure the leaves are getting enough light? W: Maybe that’s the answer. Can you help me move these plants closer to the window? （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)When will the solar eclipse happen? A．At 2:50 pm. B．At 3:20 pm. C．At 3:10 pm. 7．(1.5分)Why does the woman go to get the paper? A．To keep the birds safe. B．To stop the birds singing. C．To protect her eyes. 【答案】6．B 7．C 【原文】M: It’s said that 70% of the sky will be covered by the biggest solar eclipse in America this century, but it looks perfectly normal. Are you sure we’ll be able to see it in this area? W: It isn’t time yet. You have no patience. They said it would be at 20 minutes past 3. We still have another 10 minutes or so. M: Is it true that the birds are going to stop singing? W: I’ll believe it when I see it, or rather, hear it. I’m going to go and get the paper to see with it. M: That’s what you’ve been doing all morning? W: Yeah, well, they said you could go blind looking at it directly, so this is the safest way. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What is the man doing? A．Presenting research results. B．Conducting an interview. C．Watching a TV show. 9．(1.5分)What do we know about the dark matter? A．It has no reaction to light. B．It’s widely known by people. C．It’s the most important part of the universe. 10．(1.5分)How much of the universe is made up of dark energy? A．About 5%. B．About 26%. C．About 69%. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 【原文】M: Today on the show, we’ll be talking about something about the universe and its elements. And we’re honored to have Dr. Jane Scope with us. W: Thanks for having me. M: I know you’ve written a book about the universe and dark matter. Could you explain that to our viewers? W: Well, no one really knows what dark matter is. It’s called so because we think it is a type of matter that doesn’t react to light. M: So how do we know it exists? W: It’s just a theory at the moment, but there’s strong evidence for it. M: What’s that? W: In the universe, we can see how planets and stars act and influence each other, but sometimes they don’t react how we believe they should. That means something else is affecting their actions. M: So how much of the universe is dark matter? W: Well, the current popular model suggests the universe is made up of about 5% matter, 26% dark matter, and the rest is what we term dark energy. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 12．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 13．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．B 【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. W: Flowers? I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. W: Really? Can we call it “Flower Therapy”? M: Yes! In fact, the U. S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers. W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war. M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs. W: I will plant some flowers in our yard. M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right? W: Yes! That is what I want. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Where does the conversation probably take place? A．At Tom’s home. B．In Lisa’s garden. C．On a farm. 15．(1.5分)What does Tom say about the tomatoes? A．They are healthy. B．They taste sweet. C．They are a good size. 16．(1.5分)What does Lisa think is the most important to tomato growth? A．Soil. B．Watering. C．Sunlight. 【答案】14．A 15．C 16．B 【原文】M: Hi, come in, Lisa. Wow, these tomatoes look amazing. Are they from your garden? W: Yeah, Tom. I’ve brought you some. You can put some in your salad tonight. M: Thank you very much. How could they get so big anyway? W: Actually I have a lot of gardening tips. Are you interested? M: Sure. W: Well, the first step is to make sure there is plenty of healthy soil. Also you need to plant them in a sunny area. M: That would be easy in my yard. W: Yes, besides, consistent watering is the most significant thing. Tomatoes need regular watering. But be careful not to overwater them. M: Got it. W: Also consider supporting them with sticks as they grow. It helps plants to grow upright. Are you thinking of growing your own tomatoes? I can guide you now. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．(1.5分)Why do plants produce sounds? A．To communicate. B．To speed up growth. C．To defend themselves. 18．(1.5分)How did researchers run the experiment? A．By tracking the growth of plants. B．By testing plants' response to noise. C．By stressing plants in different ways. 19．(1.5分)What happened to the second group of plants? A．They were not watered. B．Their stems were cut off. C．They were left untouched. 20．(1.5分)What may the new software help farmers do? A．Monitor crop health. B．Reduce insect damage. C．Offer planting methods. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．B 20．A 【详解】 Take care of your plants. They may scream if you treat them badly, according to an article published in a magazine in Cell. Plants can make sounds when they are stressed. Plants interact with insects and other animals all the time, and many of these insects and animals use sounds for communication, so it would be very inconvenient for plants not to use sounds at all. Lilach Hadany told BBC Science Focus. With this in mind, the research team started by recording plants' sounds. They divided the plants into three groups. One group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems cut off and the last group remained untouched. The microphones caught sounds at a frequency of 40 to 80 kilohertz from the first two groups. The sounds grew louder and louder during the five days of water stress. They then began to decline as the plants dried out. The researchers haven’t yet discovered how the sounds are made. After the experiment, the team gathered the data and made software that could tell how plants feel. It could be useful for farmers in monitoring the conditions of their crops. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Creating a Habitat for Bees Why not observe some insects in a habitat you built yourself? Build a bee hotel using a glass jar to provide a safe nesting place for solitary bees. This project helps kids learn about bee habitats, the importance of pollinators (传花粉者), and biodiversity.Materials Needed Clean glass jar (mason jar or similar), paper, scissors, string or wire, and tape (optional).Steps 1. Prepare your paper tubes: Cut and roll your paper into tubes to a length slightly shorter than the height of the glass jar. Ensure the ends are smooth and open. The bees will go into these tubes, so the tubes should be about half an inch in width. 2. Fill the jar: Pack paper tubes tightly into the jar, making sure they fit tightly and do not fall out. The tubes should be arranged so that the open ends face outward. 3. Hang the bee hotel: Attach string or wire around the neck of the jar, forming a loop (圈) for hanging. Choose a location that is sheltered from heavy rain and direct wind but receives plenty of sunlight, such as under the eaves of a building or on a tree branch. 4. Monitor and maintain: Check the bee hotel regularly to ensure it remains undamaged and clean. Replace any damaged or blocked tube as needed.Science Concepts Bee habitats: Learn about the natural nesting preferences of solitary bees and how creating suitable habitats can support their populations. Pollination: Understand the crucial role bees play in pollination and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems. Conservation: Explore the importance of conserving pollinator species and promoting biodiversity through small-scale interventions like building bee hotels. Ecology: Gain insights into the interactions between living organisms and their environment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of ecosystems. 21．(2.5分)Who is this project intended for? A．Young learners. B．Urban planners. C．Experienced farmers. D．Professional ecologists. 22．(2.5分)What can we infer about the paper tubes used in building a bee hotel? A．They must be completely closed at one end. B．They need to be replaced on a weekly basis. C．Their width is less important than their length. D．Their openings should stay uncovered and accessible. 23．(2.5分)What is a key ecological insight children can gain from the project? A．The value of teamwork among insects. B．The harm caused by chemical pollution. C．The link between species and surroundings. D．The method of picking artificial nests for bees. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了用玻璃罐为独居蜜蜂建造栖息地（蜂屋）的步骤、所需材料及相关科学概念。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This project helps kids learn about bee habitats, the importance of pollinators, and biodiversity.(这个项目帮助孩子们了解蜜蜂栖息地、传粉者的重要性以及生物多样性)”可知，该项目面向的是年轻的学习者（孩子们）。 22．推理判断题。根据Steps第2点中“The tubes should be arranged so that the open ends face outward.(管子应排列成开口朝外)”及第1点中“The bees will go into these tubes, so the tubes should be about half an inch in width.(蜜蜂会进入这些管子，所以管子的宽度应该是半英寸左右)”可知，纸管的开口应保持敞开且可进入。 23．细节理解题。根据Science Concepts中Ecology部分“Gain insights into the interactions between living organisms and their environment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of ecosystems.(深入了解生物与其环境之间的相互作用，强调生态系统的相互联系)”可知，孩子们能获得的关键生态见解是物种与周围环境之间的联系。 （本题10分）For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared — something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science — then called “the new philosophy” — took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering(修补) as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 24．(2.5分)How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript? A．Confused about the technical terms. B．Impressed with its detailed instructions. C．Discouraged by its complex structure. D．Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 25．(2.5分)According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to ________. A．restore old workshops B．understand the craftsmen C．improve visual effects D．inspire the philosophers 26．(2.5分)Why does the author mention museums? A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasize the values of hand skills. 27．(2.5分)Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 【答案】24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了科学史学家宝拉・史密斯耗时五年复原失传技艺，她研究16 世纪法国手稿并付诸实践，期望联结艺术与科学，融合古今智慧以创新学习模式。 【详解】24．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.(但令史密斯感到震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。“你根本无法通过阅读来理解这些手工作品，”她说。)”可推知，读了法国手稿后，史密斯对自身缺乏手工技能感到震惊。故选D项。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them.(重建几个世纪前工匠们的作品，可以揭示他们是如何看待世界的，他们家里的物品是什么，以及生产这些物品的车间里发生了什么。)”可知，根据史密斯的说法，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B项。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.(人们必须知道一件物品是如何制造的，才能保存它。更重要的是，重建可能是了解宝藏在时间磨损之前的样子的唯一方法。学者们在古希腊和罗马雕像的实践中看到了这种想法。这些雕塑被涂上了绚丽夺目的色彩。如果没有看到艺术作品最初的样子，我们就无法欣赏这些细节——史密斯认为，只有当你有一张路线图时，你才能做到这一点。)”可推知，作者提到博物馆是为了强调手工技能的价值。故选D项。 27．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.(史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能把我们现代最好的见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。)”可知，全文围绕史密斯重现古代手工技艺的研究展开，强调手工实践能帮助人们理解历史、解决当下问题，还能融合艺术与科学，让现代人结合祖先的手艺和现代洞见。C 选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists（手工技艺造就更优秀的科研者）精准概括了手工实践对科学研究和认知的促进作用，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 （本题10分）On November 4, 2025, the astronauts aboard the Tiangong space station spotted cracks on their return capsule’s (太空舱) viewport window. Guessing that they were caused by tiny pieces of space debris (残骸), the ground team soon carried out analyses and experiments, and finally decided that they posed safety risks and pushed the return back. On November 14, the crew safely landed on Earth aboard the Shenzhou XXI spacecraft, completing an extra-long 204-day mission. Space debris, also known as orbital debris, includes non-functioning satellites, out-of-service rockets, and broken pieces from collisions (碰撞) or explosions, which pose severe risks because even small pieces, when moving at orbital speeds, carry enough energy to disable a spacecraft or destroy a satellite. The problem has worsened in recent years due to the rise of large satellites. Each new satellite increases the chance of collisions, leading to the generation of more debris — an effect known as the Kessler Syndrome, first suggested by NASA scientist Donald Kessler in 1978. The Tiangong incident is not an uncommon case. In 2021, a piece of debris from a 2007 anti-satellite test narrowly missed the International Space Station, forcing its crew to take shelter in their docked spacecraft. “We’re entering a phase where space operations are becoming increasingly risky,” says Holger Krag, head of the European Space Agency’s Space Safety Programme. Several solutions have been put forward to tackle the debris problem. These include active debris removal missions, which use robots or nets to collect and deorbit junk; designing satellites to be more easily deorbited at the end of their missions; and carrying out stricter international regulations on space activities. However, these measures face significant technical, financial, and political challenges. The Tiangong astronauts returned safely to Earth, but their experience serves as a wake-up call. As more countries and private companies venture into space, the need for a comprehensive, global approach to space debris management has never been more urgent (迫切的). Without action, the very orbits that enable modern life — from GPS navigation to weather forecasting — could become too dangerous to use. 28．(2.5分)Why was the return delayed? A．The craft ran out of fuel. B．Mission time was increased. C．Landing site was changed. D．Window cracks caused dangers. 29．(2.5分)What can lead to Kessler Syndrome according to the passage? A．Frequent space collisions. B．Unexpected star movements. C．Slow speed of space junk. D．Old satellites falling to Earth. 30．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “tackle” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Create. B．Solve. C．Ignore. D．Discover. 31．(2.5分)How does the author feel about the space debris? A．Quite positive. B．Deeply concerned. C．Doubtful of its risks. D．Excited about challenges. 【答案】28．D 29．A 30．B 31．B 【导语】文章通过天宫空间站因太空碎片导致返回舱窗口裂纹而延迟返回的事件，介绍了太空碎片的危害、凯斯勒综合征的形成机制，以及当前面临的紧迫性和应对挑战。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On November 4, 2025, the astronauts aboard the Tiangong space station spotted cracks on their return capsule’s (太空舱) viewport window. Guessing that they were caused by tiny pieces of space debris (残骸), the ground team soon carried out analyses and experiments, and finally decided that they posed safety risks and pushed the return back. (2025年11月4日，天宫空间站上的宇航员在返回舱的舷窗上发现了裂纹。地面团队推测这些裂纹是由微小的太空碎片造成的，随即展开分析和实验，最终认定存在安全隐患，决定推迟返回任务)”可知，窗户上的裂缝带来了危险，导致了返回的推迟。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Each new satellite increases the chance of collisions, leading to the generation of more debris — an effect known as the Kessler Syndrome (每颗新卫星都会增加碰撞的可能性，从而产生更多的碎片——这种现象被称为凯斯勒综合征)”可知，频繁的太空碰撞会导致凯斯勒综合征的发生。 30．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Several solutions have been put forward (已经提出了几种解决方案)”和下文“These include active debris removal missions, which use robots or nets to collect and deorbit junk; designing satellites to be more easily deorbited at the end of their missions; and carrying out stricter international regulations on space activities(这些举措包括：主动碎片清除任务 —— 利用机器人或网具收集太空垃圾并使其脱离轨道；设计在任务结束后更易于脱离轨道的卫星；以及针对太空活动执行更为严格的国际法规)”等具体应对措施可知，这些方案都是为了“解决”碎片问题，tackle意为“处理，解决”，与Solve意思相近。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As more countries and private companies venture into space, the need for a comprehensive, global approach to space debris management has never been more urgent (迫切的). Without action, the very orbits that enable modern life — from GPS navigation to weather forecasting — could become too dangerous to use. (随着越来越多的国家和私营企业涉足太空，对太空碎片进行全面、全球性的管理的需求比以往任何时候都更加紧迫。如果不采取行动，那些支撑现代生活——从GPS导航到天气预报——所依赖的轨道可能会变得过于危险而无法使用。)”可知，这里强调解决太空碎片问题的紧迫性，以及不采取行动带来的严重后果，可推知作者对该问题深感担忧。 （本题10分）Small, colorless, and blind cavefishes inhabit underground waters throughout the eastern United States. In a new study, Yale researchers reveal insights into just how these distinctive cave residents evolved — and provide a unique method for dating the underground ecosystems where they reside. In an analysis of the genomes (基因组) of all known blind species, the researchers found that the different species colonized (定居) cave systems independently of each other and separately evolved similar features — such as the loss of eyes and color — as they adapted to their dark cave environments. Their findings are published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution. By studying the specific genetic mutations (突变) that caused the fishes’ eyes to degenerate over time, the researchers developed a sort of “mutational clock” that allowed them to estimate when each species began losing their vision. They found that the vision-related genes of the oldest cavefish species, the Ozark cavefish, began degenerating up to 11 million years ago. This technique provides a minimum age for the caves, as the cavefish must have been living in underground waters when their eyesight started to devolve. To understand when the cavefish began populating caves, the researchers studied the fishes’ genomes, examining 88 vision-related genes for mutations. The analysis revealed that the various cavefish ancestries had completely different sets of genetic mutations involved in the loss of vision. This, they said, suggests that separate species colonized caves and adapted to those underground ecosystems independently of each other. “A number of the mutations we see in the cavefish genomes that lead to degeneration of the eyes are similar to mutations that cause eye diseases in humans,” said Thomas Near, senior author of the study. “There is the possibility for translational medicine through which by studying this natural system in cavefishes, we can collect insights into the genomic mechanisms of eye diseases in humans.” 32．(2.5分)What did Yale researchers discover about blind cavefishes? A．They evolved independently. B．They had identical mutations. C．They shared common ancestors. D．They developed at the same pace. 33．(2.5分)What is the function of the mutational clock? A．Estimating cavefish ages. B．Confirming the formation of caves. C．Identifying the time of vision loss. D．Improving the underground ecosystems. 34．(2.5分)What evidence shows cavefish species colonized caves separately? A．Diverse genome numbers. B．Similar mutation patterns. C．Different vision-loss mutations. D．Uniform genomic mechanisms. 35．(2.5分)What can be the best title for the text? A．Mutational Clock B．Cavefish Evolution C．Vision-Related Genomes D．Independent Colonization 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍耶鲁大学研究人员通过洞穴鱼基因组研究，揭示洞穴鱼独立演化的过程，并研发突变时钟测算其视力退化时间，同时该研究对人类眼病研究有医学价值。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an analysis of the genomes (基因组) of all known blind species, the researchers found that the different species colonized (定居) cave systems independently of each other and separately evolved similar features — such as the loss of eyes and color — as they adapted to their dark cave environments.(研究人员在对所有已知盲物种的基因组进行分析后发现，这些不同的物种各自独立地定居于洞穴系统，并在适应黑暗洞穴环境的过程中，分别进化出了相似的特征——例如眼睛和体色的退化)”可知，耶鲁大学研究人员发现这些盲穴鱼是独立进化的。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By studying the specific genetic mutations (突变) that caused the fishes’ eyes to degenerate over time, the researchers developed a sort of “mutational clock” that allowed them to estimate when each species began losing their vision.(通过研究导致鱼类眼睛随时间退化的特定基因突变，研究人员开发了一种‘突变时钟’，使他们能够估算出每个物种何时开始失去视力)”可知，“突变时钟”的功能是确定视力丧失的时间。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The analysis revealed that the various cavefish ancestries had completely different sets of genetic mutations involved in the loss of vision. This, they said, suggests that separate species colonized caves and adapted to those underground ecosystems independently of each other.(分析显示，各种穴鱼的祖先拥有完全不同的、与视力丧失相关的基因突变组合。这表明不同的物种是彼此独立地定居于洞穴并适应地下生态系统的。)”可知，不同穴鱼拥有不同的视力丧失突变证据，证明了它们是分别定居洞穴的。 35．主旨大意题。文章开篇点明研究主题是关于盲穴鱼的进化，随后详细阐述了它们独立定居、平行进化、利用突变时钟推算时间以及对人类医学的潜在意义。B选项“Cavefish Evolution(穴鱼进化)”最能全面概括全文核心内容。 （本题12.5分）What if we could obtain the memory and perception benefits of brief naps (打盹)? A recent study published in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. 36(2.5分) They then reproduced this boost by stimulating the brains of awake monkeys in a way that imitated sleep activity. The process, if effective in humans, might one day help boost cognition and treat sleep disorders. The team first trained five monkeys on a task evaluating image directions and tested them twice. During a 30-minute gap between tests, the monkeys either had brief naps or merely rested. Those that slept performed significantly better on the second test. 37(2.5分) In monkeys that slept between tests, neural activity was, oddly, less synchronized (同步的) during the second test than during the first. Sleep is a synchronizing phenomenon in which neurons fire together. But the level of synchrony after sleep is reduced compared with before. Moreover, the size of this “desynchronizing” correlated with the performance boost. 38(2.5分) What is actually behind the performance boost? Since the sleeping monkey’s brain activity is known to be dominated by low-frequency “delta” brain waves, the researchers wondered whether they are responsible. To test it, they conducted the experiment again. 39(2.5分) This “artificial brief nap” also led to both reduced neural synchrony and better performance. The results in primates strongly suggest “artificial brief nap” effects will translate to humans. 40(2.5分) This research further demonstrates that stimulating the brain when awake at delta frequency can imitate sleep’s benefits. The researchers used electrodes placed in the monkeys’ brains for stimulation, but they plan to test noninvasive techniques in people with sleep disorders in the near future. A．The researchers then recorded thousands of neurons’ activity in the monkeys’ brains. B．This suggests that more independent firing among neurons may drive the improvement. C．Evidence already exists that electrical stimulation during sleep can benefit humans’ memory. D．This time they observed how the monkeys’ delta brain waves changed naturally during sleep. E．Researchers found that brief naps enhanced monkeys’ performance on a visual-perception task. F．The findings show that the performance boost results from a higher level of synchrony among neurons. G．Instead of letting the monkeys sleep, researchers stimulated their brains with an electrical signal imitating delta waves. 【答案】36．E 37．A 38．B 39．G 40．C 【导语】介绍了一项发表于《科学》杂志的研究。该研究发现短暂打盹能提升猴子在视觉感知任务中的表现，通过刺激清醒猴子大脑模仿睡眠活动也能产生类似效果，若此过程对人类有效，未来可能有助于提升认知和治疗睡眠障碍。 【详解】36．前文提到“A recent study published in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. (最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，至少我们的一些灵长类近亲可以。)”，后文“They then reproduced this boost by stimulating the brains of awake monkeys in a way that imitated sleep activity. (然后，他们通过以模仿睡眠活动的方式刺激清醒猴子的大脑，重现了这种提升。)”。E选项“Researchers found that brief naps enhanced monkeys’ performance on a visual - perception task. (研究人员发现，短暂打盹能提高猴子在视觉感知任务中的表现。)”中的“brief naps enhanced monkeys’performance”与后文“reproduced this boost”相呼应，说明了研究人员发现短暂打盹对猴子的作用，引出后文通过刺激大脑重现这种提升的内容。 37．后文“In monkeys that slept between tests, neural activity was, oddly, less synchronized (同步的) during the second test than during the first. (在两次测试之间睡觉的猴子中，奇怪的是，第二次测试期间的神经活动比第一次测试期间的同步性更低。)”，此句描述了猴子大脑神经活动情况。A选项“The researchers then recorded thousands of neurons’activity in the monkeys’ brains. (然后研究人员记录了猴子大脑中数千个神经元的活动。)”中的“recorded thousands of neurons’ activity”与后文对猴子神经活动的描述相衔接，表明研究人员记录神经活动后得出了后文关于神经活动同步性的结论， 38．前文“Moreover, the size of this “desynchronizing” correlated with the performance boost. (此外，这种“去同步化”的程度与表现提升相关。)”，说明了去同步化与表现提升的关系。B选项“This suggests that more independent firing among neurons may drive the improvement.(表明神经元之间更多的独立放电可能推动了这种提升。)”中的“more independent firing among neurons”解释了前文“desynchronizing”（去同步化），进一步说明神经元独立放电与表现提升的关系。 39．前文“Since the sleeping monkey’s brain activity is known to be dominated by low - frequency “delta” brain waves, the researchers wondered whether they are responsible. To test it, they conducted the experiment again. (由于已知睡眠中的猴子大脑活动主要由低频‘δ’脑电波主导，研究人员想知道是否是它们起作用。为了验证这一点，他们再次进行了实验。)”，后文“This “artificial brief nap” also led to both reduced neural synchrony and better performance. (这种“人工短暂打盹”也导致了神经同步性降低和表现提升。)”。G选项“Instead of letting the monkeys sleep, researchers stimulated their brains with an electrical signal imitating delta waves. (研究人员没有让猴子睡觉，而是用模仿δ波的电信号刺激它们的大脑。)”，说明了再次实验的方式，即通过模仿δ波刺激大脑，引出后文这种“人工短暂打盹”的结果。 40．前文“The results in primates strongly suggest “artificial brief nap” effects will translate to humans. (在灵长类动物身上的结果强烈表明“人工短暂打盹”的效果将适用于人类。)”，后文“This research further demonstrates that stimulating the brain when awake at delta frequency can imitate sleep’s benefits. (这项研究进一步表明，在清醒时以δ频率刺激大脑可以模仿睡眠的益处。)”。C选项“Evidence already exists that electrical stimulation during sleep can benefit humans’ memory. (已经有证据表明，睡眠期间的电刺激可以有益于人类的记忆。)”中的“electrical stimulation during sleep can benefit humans’memory”与前文“effects will translate to humans”及后文“stimulating the brain when awake at delta frequency can imitate sleep’s benefits”相呼应，说明已有证据表明睡眠电刺激对人类有益，进一步阐述了研究结果对人类的作用。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 41 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 42 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 43 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 44 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 45 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 46 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 47 the transformation. But Jo was not 48 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 49 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 50 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 51 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 52 about nature. Although butterflies do not 53 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 54 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 55 our understanding of the natural world. 41．(1分)A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 42．(1分)A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 43．(1分)A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 44．(1分)A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 45．(1分)A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 46．(1分)A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 47．(1分)A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 48．(1分)A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 49．(1分)A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 50．(1分)A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 51．(1分)A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 52．(1分)A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 53．(1分)A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 54．(1分)A．space B．speed C．age D．size 55．(1分)A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 【答案】 41．D 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．D 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了乔永井通过实验发现蝴蝶记忆可遗传的科学故事。 【详解】41．考查动词。句意：然而，Jo Nagai选择在自己家里饲养凤蝶幼虫。A. hesitated犹豫；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. chose选择。根据前文“most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons”以及“however”可知，大多数孩子玩乐，转折后说明他选择养幼虫。 42．考查形容词。句意：童年时的好奇心很快就变成了一个震惊全世界科学家的科学突破。A. medical医学的；B. scientific科学的；C. technological技术的；D. geological地质的。根据后文“astonished scientists worldwide”可知，Jo Nagai的发现震惊了全世界的科学家，说明这是一个科学突破。 43．考查动词。句意：他训练幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来。A. trained训练；B. killed杀死；C. counted数；D. followed跟随。根据后文“to connect a particular scent with an unpleasant experience”可知，Jo Nagai让幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来，这是对幼虫的训练。 44．考查动词。句意：幼虫变成蝴蝶后，他又对它们进行了测试。A. crashed碰撞；B. divided分开；C. transformed转变；D. looked看。根据后文“into butterflies”可知，幼虫变成了蝴蝶，transform into为固定短语，意为“转变成”。 45．考查动词。句意：科学家们一直认为，在毛毛虫发生巨大变化的过程中，记忆会消失，因为毛毛虫会在蛹中分解并重建自己。A. rebuilds重建；B. introduces介绍；C. protects保护；D. recycles回收。根据前文“when a caterpillar literally breaks down”可知，毛毛虫会在蛹中分解，然后重建自己。 46．考查名词。句意：令所有人惊讶的是，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味。A. regret后悔；B. surprise惊讶；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. relief宽慰。根据后文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，这与科学家们的预期相反，因此令他们惊讶。 47．考查动词。句意：不知何故，它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。A. promoted促进；B. delayed延迟；C. arranged安排；D. survived幸存。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，说明它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。 48．考查形容词。句意：但Jo并不满足于这一发现。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. satisfied满足的；C. strict严格的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“He decided to push his research further.”可知，Jo决定进一步推进他的研究，说明他对这一发现并不满足。 49．考查动词。句意：Jo重复了这个实验，并检查了第二代。A. repeated重复；B. published出版；C. standardized使标准化；D. funded资助。根据后文“the experiment and examined the second generation”可知，想要继续研究、观察后代，需要重复实验。 50．考查动词。句意：他想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。A. produce生产；B. remove移除；C. avoid避开；D. absorb吸收。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，Jo想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。 51．考查动词短语。句意：结果很清楚：学到的反应已经传给了下一代。A. held back阻碍；B. given out分发；C. figured out弄清楚；D. passed down传下来。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，后代拥有相同反应，说明结果发现蝴蝶学到的反应已经传给了下一代。 52．考查形容词。句意：这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西。A. peaceful和平的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. touching感人的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西，即蝴蝶虽然不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。 53．考查副词。句意：虽然蝴蝶不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。A. intentionally故意地；B. secretly秘密地；C. successfully成功地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据后文“teach their young like human parents do”可知，人类父母会有意地教导后代，而蝴蝶则不会。 54．考查名词。句意：Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现没有年龄限制。A. space空间；B. speed速度；C. age年龄；D. size尺寸。根据后文“even a young student can challenge established beliefs”可知，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，说明科学发现没有年龄限制。 55．考查动词。句意：只要有耐心、创造力和仔细的观察，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，扩大我们对自然世界的理解。A. block阻止；B. reflect反映；C. assess评估；D. expand扩大。根据后文“our understanding of the natural world”可知，Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现可以扩大我们对自然世界的理解。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese research team has recently made a breakthrough in developing “long-lifespan rice” by identifying the key gene (基因) and mechanism that enable wild rice 56(1.5分) (harvest) multiple times, and has successfully introduced this gene into a cultivated (栽培) rice variety. This latest 57(1.5分) (achieve) has been published in the international academic journal Science. According to 58(1.5分) paper, the Chinese team identifies two genes that help the wild rice Oryza rufipogon grow well year after year by adding these genes to the cultivated rice O. sativa, which gave it a key perennial trait (多年生特性): the ability to stop flowering and resume vegetative growth, instead 59(1.5分) dying off after flowering as annual plants 60(1.5分) (general) do. Experts say that while the genetic basis of rice longevity 61(1.5分) (reveal) so far, the research remains largely at a fundamental stage. 62(1.5分) (system) evaluations of yield, taste, and other characteristics have yet to be completed. Overall, the new rice is not intended to replace existing high-yield varieties, 63(1.5分) rather to serve as an addition to current farming systems. Still, experts say that “longevity rice” shows potential in low-productivity areas such as sloped farmland and hilly regions, 64(1.5分) the planting conditions are challenging but its characteristic could reduce labor input and help conserve soil, 65(1.5分) (offer) distinct ecological and economic value. 【答案】 56．to be harvested 57．achievement 58．the 59．of 60．generally 61．has been revealed 62．Systematic 63．but 64．where 65．offering 【导语】本文主要介绍中国研究团队在培育多年生“长寿水稻”过程中取得的基因研究突破，说明了该研究的发展现状、定位和应用价值。 【详解】56．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国一支研究团队近期在培育“长寿稻”方面取得突破，他们找到了能让野生水稻多次收割的关键基因与作用机制，并已成功将该基因导入一种栽培水稻品种。“enable sb. /sth. to do sth. ”意为“使得某人或某物能够做某事”，宾语wild rice与动词harvest之间是逻辑上的被动关系，此处用不定式的被动式to be harvested作宾语补足语。 57．考查名词。句意：这一最新研究成果已发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。此处指“研究成果”，作句子主语，谓语部分为has been published，前有单数指示代词This修饰，用单数名词，故用所给动词的名词achievement。 58．考查冠词。句意：根据该论文所述，这支中国科研团队找到了两种可使普通野生稻年年正常生长的基因，研究人员将这两种基因导入栽培稻后，栽培稻便获得了一项核心多年生特性：能够停止开花并恢复营养生长，而非像一年生植物通常那样，开花后就枯萎死亡。此处特指上文提到发表在《科学》上的那篇论文，用定冠词the。 59．考查介词。句意同上。instead of为固定介词短语，意为“而不是”，后接动名词dying off作宾语，此空填of。 60．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰从句谓语动词do（代指die off），用副词generally作状语。 61．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：专家表示，虽然水稻长寿性的遗传基础迄今已被揭示，但这项研究在很大程度上仍处于基础阶段。根据时间状语so far可知，此处用现在完成时，主语the genetic basis of rice longevity与动词reveal是被动关系，主语为单数，用现在完成时的被动语态has been revealed。 62．考查形容词。句意：针对产量、口感及其他性状的系统性评估尚未完成。修饰名词evaluations需要用形容词；system是名词，其形容词形式为systematic，句首单词首字母大写。 63．考查并列连词固定结构。 句意：总体而言，这种新型水稻并非要取代现有的高产品种，而是作为现有耕作体系的补充。 固定结构not...but rather... 意为 “不是…… 而是……”，此空填连词but。 64．考查定语从句。句意：尽管如此，专家表示，“长寿稻” 在坡耕地、丘陵等低产区域具备发展潜力。这类地区种植条件艰苦，但该水稻品种的特性能够减少人力投入、助力水土保持，带来显著的生态与经济双重效益。该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为low-productivity areas，表地点，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。offer在句中作非谓语动词，动词offer与其逻辑主语（即空前的一整句话）之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式offering作状语。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你校上周组织高一年级学生参加了“认识我们身边的植物”主题活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的；2.活动内容； 3.活动收获。 注意：词数80-100，可适当增加细节使行文连贯。 Know Plants Around Us ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version: Know Plants Around Us Last week, our school organized a theme activity called “Know Plants Around Us” for Senior 1 students, hoping to connect us with nature and enrich our biological knowledge. First, a plant expert gave a 15-minute talk in the hall, introducing 5 common local plants. Then we went outside to observe: we touched leaves, smelled flowers and even collected fallen seeds (with teachers’ permission). We also made simple plant cards with their basic information. This activity was meaningful. We learned more than just plant names — we started to care about the small plants around us and promised to protect them. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英文报撰写一篇报道，介绍学校上周为高一年级学生组织的“认识我们身边的植物”主题活动，涵盖活动目的、具体内容以及学生的收获。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 联系：connect...with... → bridge...and... 演讲：give a talk → deliver a lecture 有意义的：meaningful → rewarding/significant 关心：care about → be concerned about 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：This activity was meaningful. We learned more than just plant names — we started to care about the small plants around us and promised to protect them. 拓展句：This activity was so meaningful that we learned more than just plant names — we started to care about the small plants around us and promised to protect them. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last week, our school organized a theme activity called “Know Plants Around Us” for Senior 1 students, hoping to connect us with nature and enrich our biological knowledge. (运用了过去分词called作后置定语及现在分词hoping作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】First, a plant expert gave a 15-minute talk in the hall, introducing 5 common local plants. (运用了现在分词introducing作伴随状语) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Growing up in Pennsylvania, my family had a unique hobby: recovering wild animals. Our home was often crowded with the presence of raccoons (浣熊) and even a fox that hung about freely among us. These early experiences with wildlife caused a deep-seated passion for animals in me, one that eventually led to an intense fascination with marine life. The process of caring for these animals involved not only feeding and nurturing them back to health but also learning about their habits and behaviors. It was this hands-on experience that taught me the importance of patience, observation, and respect for nature. During family vacations to Bermuda, I would spend countless hours watching whales from the shore, attracted by their grace and mystery. Today, after more than three decades, I continue to study whales and currently serve as the president of the Center for Cetacean Research and Conservation, primarily based in the Cook Islands and Bermuda. My work focuses on understanding whale behavior, migration (迁徙) patterns, and how we can better protect these gentle whales. In 2023, I set out on an ambitious project to create a documentary about whale conservation around Rarotonga, in the Cook Islands. Joining me on this voyage was my longtime friend and colleague, Liam. Together, we aimed to capture amazing footage of my interactions with humpback (座头鲸) whales, which usually involved me quietly slipping into the water to observe and cautiously record their behavior. That day, from our boat, we spotted a couple of humpbacks swimming not too far off. Deciding to get closer, I wore just a snorkel mask and a GoPro camera and slipped into the ocean, eager to document these awe-inspiring creatures up close. As I swam towards them, I felt a mix of excitement and admiration. Each stroke brought me nearer to these huge beings whose songs could be weakly heard echoing through the water. Liam remained on the boat, ready to assist if needed, his eyes fixed on me through a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜). 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. Its massive body loomed large, yet its movements were surprisingly gentle. I could see the barnacles clinging to its skin and the scars from past encounters. It seemed curious about me, too, slowing down as it got closer. I held my breath, trying not to startle it. Then, to my amazement, it let out a low, mournful song that vibrated through the water, sending shivers down my spine. I quickly adjusted my GoPro, determined to capture this once-in-a-lifetime moment.       Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! Fear shot through me. The shark circled menacingly, its cold eyes fixed on me. I knew I had to stay calm. The humpback, sensing the danger, positioned itself between me and the shark. It thrashed its powerful tail, creating a strong current that pushed the shark back. The shark lunged a few times but was no match for the humpback’s strength. With a final angry snap, the shark swam away. I swam back to the boat as fast as I could, filled with gratitude for my unexpected protector. This encounter would be a powerful story to tell for whale conservation. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者成长于宾夕法尼亚，家庭热衷救助野生动物，由此萌生对动物的热爱，尤其痴迷海洋生物。三十余年后，身为鲸类研究保护中心主任，专注研究鲸类行为与保护。2023年在库克群岛开展鲸鱼保护纪录片拍摄，与座头鲸近距离接触，记录珍贵画面。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我靠近时，一头雄性座头鲸径直向我游来。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者接近雄性座头鲸时，它动作轻柔且好奇，随后发出歌声，作者急忙拍摄这珍贵瞬间。 ②由第二段首句内容“突然，我注意到水中有另一个身影——一条18英尺长的食人鲨！”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者遇18英尺食人鲨，座头鲸护其驱鲨，作者脱险后心怀感激，此经历利于鲸类保护宣传。 2.续写线索：看到座头鲸——记录珍贵瞬间——食人鲨靠近——座头鲸驱鲨——心怀感激——宣传鲸类保护 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看见：see/spot/catch sight of ②使惊吓：frighten/startle ③保持：stay/keep 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/astonishment/amazement ②感激：thankfulness/gratitude/appreciation 【点睛】[高分句型1] I held my breath, trying not to startle it.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Then, to my amazement, it let out a low, mournful song that vibrated through the water, sending shivers down my spine. （运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语） [高分句型3] The shark circled menacingly, its cold eyes fixed on me.（运用了独立主格结构） 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $