高中英语单元测试——Unit 4 Meeting the Muse（适中版02）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 4 Meeting the Muse（适中版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What is the man’s opinion about the painting? A．It’s peaceful. B．It’s colourful. C．It’s boring. 2．（本题1.5分）Why is the camera put on the bird’s back? A．To do scientific research. B．To catch people’s eyes. C．To take better pictures. 3．（本题1.5分）What is the show about? A．A new technology. B．A new creature. C．A new game. 4．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In an art class. C．In a museum. 5．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A painting. B．A gallery. C．A trip. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)How long did Marco Polo travel? A．For 13 years. B．For 17 years. C．For 24 years. 7．(1.5分)What does the man suggest the woman do at the end? A．Read a storybook about Xuanzang. B．Write an essay about Marco Polo. C．Imagine the life in ancient times. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)How does Susan feel? A．Excited. B．Upset. C．Confused. 9．(1.5分)What is Susan worried about? A．Others might see her embarrassing photo. B．Clare speaks ill of her behind her back. C．Clare puts her photo on social media. 10．(1.5分)What will Susan do? A．Ask Justin to delete her photo. B．Get back her photo from Clare. C．Talk about her feelings with Clare. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why will electronic pets be used in the city? A．To assess people’s loneliness. B．To keep the elderly company. C．To monitor the health of the old. 12．(1.5分)What can an electronic pet do to help its owner? A．Send reports to the center. B．Call for medical equipment. C．Communicate with its owner. 13．(1.5分)How does Sandy find the life in future? A．Exciting. B．Surprising. C．Concerning. （本题6分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Hostess and guest. B．Director and actor. C．Teacher and student. 15．(1.5分)What does the man say about appreciating some paintings? A．First impressions matter most. B．It varies from person to person. C．It takes time to understand them. 16．(1.5分)How does the man compare art with nature? A．Nature is more inspiring than art. B．They affect people in similar ways. C．Art goes beyond what nature offers. 17．(1.5分)What role does the artist play according to the man? A．A storyteller of historical events. B．A guide who conveys ideas through art. C．A creator who copies beauty from nature. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What does Lito like doing in his free time? A．Drawing pictures of leaves. B．Creating art designs on leaves. C．Collecting various leaves. 19．(1.5分)Where can people find Lito’s work? A．In the newspaper. B．In a museum. C．On the Internet. 20．(1.5分)What does Lito’s experience suggest? A．Leaf art can help people earn money. B．Hobbies may have positive effects on health. C．Social media is important for artists to get fans. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Four Self-Portraits (自画像) by Famous Artists Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino) — “Self-Portrait”, 1506 One of the beautiful self-portraits by famous artist Raphael was drawn at the age of 23. It measures around 45cm×33cm and is located at the world-famous Uffizi Gallery. The Italian painter used oil on board to draw his self-portrait, which was the clearest and the most recognizable self-portrait of Raphael himself. Leonardo da Vinci — “Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk”, 1512 “Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk” is a self-portrait of da Vinci at the age of 60 and measures around 33.3cm×21.6cm, which is on display in Biblioteca Reale, Turin, Italy. It is drawn with red chalk on paper and represents the head of an elderly man in a three-quarter view. In the portrait, the length of the hair is uncommon in Renaissance portraits. Rembrandt van Rijn — “Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-up Collar”, 1659 Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn painted his self-portrait in 1659 when he was 53 years old. It shows his worried expression that clearly portrays the troubled condition of his mind at that point of his life since the year 1659 was a year of anxiety for him. This self-portrait found its place among the Benjamin Altman Collection, which has been exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art since 1913. Edgar Degas — “Degas Au Porte-Fusain”, 1855 Edgar Degas made this self-portrait only when he was twenty-one years old. It was one of the most remarkable of his fifteen self-portraits. Degas was seated seemingly without fear and anxiety. The pose in the painting was formal and academic. The painting is located in the musée d’Orsay, Paris, France. 21．(2.5分)Where should visitors go if they want to admire Raphael’s self-portrait in 1506? A．Biblioteca Reale. B．Uffizi Gallery. C．The musée d’Orsay. D．The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 22．(2.5分)Which aspect of Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk was special during the Renaissance? A．The long hair. B．The formal pose. C．The red clothing. D．The worried expression. 23．(2.5分)Which painter was the youngest when painting the above-mentioned self-portraits? A．Raphael. B．Leonardo da Vinci. C．Edgar Degas. D．Rembrandt van Rijn. （本题10分）For over five decades, the name Elaine Paige has been equal to the very best of British musical theatre. Paige’s journey to stardom is a theatrical legend. Before 1978, she was a working actress. That all changed when composer Andrew Webber and director Harold Prince were casting their new musical, Evita. Her performance was a surprise. She brought the controversial Argentine First Lady to life. Her powerful delivery of the anthem (颂歌) stopped the show every night and became an instant classic. The role earned her her first Society of London Theatre (Olivier) Award and brought her international fame. With a career defined by groundbreaking roles, a distinctive and infectious voice, and an unwavering devotion to her profession, she has earned the title “The First Lady of British Musical Theatre.” Following Evita, Paige continued to define an era of musical theatre by different characters: Grizabella in Cats(1981), Florence in Chess(1986). For over 15 years, she hosted the hugely popular weekly radio show Elaine Paige on Sunday on BBC Radio 2, further improving her role as an ambassador for the art form. She has also released over 20 solo albums, enjoying a successful career. Her contribution to the arts has been recognized with numerous honors. More than the awards and the titles, her legacy lies in the standard of excellence she set. She demonstrated that a leading lady could be powerful, vulnerable, complex, and attractive. She paved the way for a generation of British performers and introduced millions to the power of musical theatre through her iconic recordings and performances. With her infectious voice and distinguished career, she is not just a star; she is an institution. She remains a beloved and respected figure, whose name will forever be etched in the heart of musical theatre history. 24．(2.5分)Elaine Paige’s role in Evita was particularly significant because it ________. A．was her first cooperation with Tim Rice B．made her a well-known international star C．earned her a number-one single in the UK D．was a classic role in a revival of a musical 25．(2.5分)How is the second paragraph mainly developed? A．By using contrast. B．By quoting her words. C．By listing specific examples. D．By describing her experiences. 26．(2.5分)What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3? A．She has an infectious voice. B．She has gained numerous honors. C．She has set the standard for British musical performers. D．She has become a long-lasting, respected symbol in musical theatre. 27．(2.5分)What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To analyze the character of Eva Perón in Evita. B．To introduce and celebrate the career of Elaine Paige. C．To criticize the development of British musical theatre. D．To explain the history of the Society of London Theatre Awards. （本题10分）For thousands of years, humans have dreamed of exploring outer space. This ancient dream has finally come true with the development of modern aerospace technology. Space exploration, known for high costs and strict technical requirements, has become an important sign of a country’s scientific strength. In the early days, space exploration projects were completely controlled by government space agencies. At that time, rocket launch and space equipment maintenance cost a huge amount of money. Ordinary private companies did not have enough money or technology to join this field. However, with technological progress, modern reusable rockets and simple space equipment have appeared. More private space companies have taken part in space research, bringing new development chances to this field. Though space exploration sounds far from daily life, it actually brings many practical benefits to ordinary people. Weather satellites can watch atmospheric and ocean changes in real time, helping people predict natural disasters and reduce losses. Space positioning technology supports smart transportation and global logistics. Besides, new materials created for space exploration are now widely used in medical devices and sports equipment. Space observation also helps scientists find new planets for future human exploration. However, space exploration still faces many unavoidable problems. Long-term stay in space will harm astronauts’ bones and cardiovascular health. Cosmic radiation may damage human body cells. What’s more, plenty of waste space equipment has become space debris. These fast-moving fragments may hit working satellites, causing serious safety problems for future space activities. Despite these technical and safety challenges, space exploration is still of great value. It not only helps humans know more about the universe but also encourages young people to study science. In the long run, space exploration will keep pushing human civilization forward. 28．(2.5分)What can we know about early space exploration? A．Wide private participation. B．Total government control. C．Low-cost rocket use. D．Civilian-tech improvement. 29．(2.5分)What practical benefit does space technology bring? A．Better transport management. B．Improved magnetic environment. C．Instant planet migration. D．Enhanced physical health. 30．(2.5分)What is the author’s view on current space exploration? A．Easy-to-solve technical problems. B．Space debris as the top threat. C．Minor radiation influence. D．Various restricting risks. 31．(2.5分)What is the author’s attitude toward space exploration? A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain. D．Cautiously optimistic. （本题10分）The image of a sheepdog controlling a chaotic group of sheep with intense stares is a familiar one. However, a recent study reveals that the secret to their success, particularly with small, unpredictable groups, lies not in force, but in making full use of the sheep’s own indecisiveness. This biological strategy is now inspiring a revolutionary algorithm (算法) for managing “noisy” groups of robots. For sheepdogs, managing a large group is relatively straightforward; the safety of numbers creates predictable, collective movement. The true test of skill comes in the century-old tradition of sheepdog contests, where a dog must guide only four or five sheep. In these small groups, individual personalities dominate. Without the comfort of the crowd, each sheep constantly and randomly switches between “follow” and “run away” and quickly breaks their formation. This randomness makes small flocks significantly more difficult to control. Researchers, after analyzing countless YouTube videos and consulting with shepherds, found out the sheepdog’s strategy. The dog simply waits for all the sheep to face the right direction, then instantly chases them to get them moving. When the sheep break formation again, the dog pauses and waits for the next moment when they all face the same way. This elegant approach turns an apparent obstacle — the sheep’s indecisiveness — into a tool. Instead of fighting the noisy sheep group, the dog uses it. This principle is now built into a robot algorithm called the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm.” Each robot keeps switching between listening to a human controller and copying the robots next to it. Old methods either make all robots follow one leader, or make them copy the average of everyone’s movements. If the leader messes up, the whole group messes up. If you average movements, different directions cancel each other out. Both weaken the controller’s commands. The new way avoids both problems. The research has big potential beyond farming. It could help handle self-driving cars, drone swarms, and AI agents. “A little ‘Indecisiveness’ stops the group from jamming up and makes it more adaptable,” says computer scientist Ted Pavlic. This challenges the old idea that randomness is a problem, showing instead that it can be a useful tool for better group control. 32．(2.5分)What does the finding of the recent study inspire scientists to develop? A．A control system for managing sheep groups. B．A method to manage a single robot effectively. C．A strategy to eliminate noisiness in robot groups. D．A new algorithm for robot group control. 33．(2.5分)What is the sheepdog’s key strategy for controlling a small group? A．Constantly chasing them to keep the movement. B．Taking advantage of the sheep’s random changes. C．Using force to fight the sheep’s indecisiveness. D．Keeping all the sheep in a fixed formation. 34．(2.5分)How does the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm” improve robot control? A．By reducing randomness among a group of robots. B．By having robots follow a shared human controller. C．By enabling robots to shift their source of guidance. D．By preventing robots from copying others’ movements. 35．(2.5分)What is the best title for the text? A．Randomness: A Key to Better Group Control B．Sheepdogs: A New Blueprint for Robot Design C．Sheepdogs’ Strategy: A Lost Art for Modern Technology D．Indecisiveness: A Problem to Be Overcome in Robotics （本题12.5分）Photography has opened our eyes to a wealth of beauties we could never have noticed, things as ordinary as a fence, a chair, a vegetable. 36(2.5分) And as technology develops, photographers have explored completely new ranges: those of the eagle, the microscope, the universe. 37(2.5分) Photography depends on the integration of light, composition and moment. Light makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, it can make the image shine. 38(2.5分) What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will see — but that combination is vital. And the moment that the shutter (快门) is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three are in balance, there is visual magic. Photographs bring us a world view unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Images used to be made to please, not to record reality. But as photography progressed, painterly rules were often rejected in the pursuit of fresh vision. 39(2.5分) They invited the world to see with new eyes, and all of the arts began to draw new inspirations from this change. In this sense, photographers are not only scientists longing to “fix” an image but artistic pioneers. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more accessible. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined. 40(2.5分) A．The same is true with composition. B．Why did photography change people’s vision? C．What is it that determines a photograph is beautiful? D．And there is beauty, often ignored, in nearly everything. E．Photography helps people discover various hidden secrets. F．Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad. G．Such items, once not worth an artist’s paint, are honored by photography. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）At first glance, a mess of weeds and a pile of dying leaves might seem unremarkable. Most people would 41 there. But for Linda, these scenes are invitations to discover 42 beauty. She advises us to 43 closer and slower and to see each image as a world in itself — a well-ordered 44 created by nature and captured by her large-format camera. Linda often shoots from the 45 , sitting in the grass, sometimes with her dogs beside her. This low 46 gives an animal-eye view of scenes just a foot or two high, connecting her to the earth and the plant life she is 47 . Her focus on lines and geometric (几何形状) in nature creates 48 connections: tiny blooms forming an eye, or a fallen branch parallel (平行) to a plant. “I find beauty in all of nature,” Linda says. “Even weeds and dead branches have something 49 .” Linda’s journey as a photographer was 50 by her grandmother, who would 51 in front of the kitchen window, looking out into the landscape. Her grandmother’s simple 52 to “look” set Linda on her path. “How long does it take to see something?” asked one of Linda’s fans. Her work is part of the answer. It encourages us to observe the world 53 , and to become alive to our 54 . In a fast-paced world, Linda reminds us that 55 is all around us, waiting to be discovered if we just spend time looking for it. 41．(1分)A．wander B．settle C．stop D．appear 42．(1分)A．imaginary B．clear C．distant D．hidden 43．(1分)A．look B．live C．shut D．plan 44．(1分)A．process B．composition C．system D．schedule 45．(1分)A．sky B．ocean C．ground D．downtown 46．(1分)A．consumption B．price C．speed D．perspective 47．(1分)A．painting B．collecting C．photographing D．studying 48．(1分)A．subjective B．casual C．temporary D．visual 49．(1分)A．grand B．attractive C．ancient D．powerful 50．(1分)A．inspired B．designed C．required D．consulted 51．(1分)A．remain calm B．come alive C．go wrong D．keep still 52．(1分)A．response B．solution C．invitation D．access 53．(1分)A．patiently B．frequently C．quietly D．eagerly 54．(1分)A．conditions B．surroundings C．backgrounds D．organizations 55．(1分)A．truth B．kindness C．peace D．beauty 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Drawing inspiration from his life as 56(1.5分) immigrant living between two countries, Los Angeles-based Chilean multimedia artist Guillermo Bert 57(1.5分) (seek) to highlight the struggles of the first-generation Latino community. His series Warriors serves as a recognition for their important contributions to American society, especially during a time of crisis. Bert draws inspiration from the Terracotta Warriors of China, which were an ancient army 58(1.5分) (bury) underground for thousands of years. He tells the stories of Latino essential workers who worked tirelessly to keep communities safe and support 59(1.5分) (they) families. These individuals range 60(1.5分) construction and agricultural workers to doctors and teachers, and they show a warrior spirit of 61(1.5分) (strong) and perseverance. The sculptures, which are created from 3D scans of real people, stand as memorials to their devotion. Among those honored 62(1.5分) (be) figures from Bert’s own life, including his longtime housekeeper, a carpenter, and strawberry pickers in Oxnard, 63(1.5分) stories are brought to life through AR. Using 3D scanning and laser-cut birchwood (桦木), Bert creates layered sculptures that blend physical form with a digital effect. Through Warriors, he not only celebrates the courage and hard work of Latino workers but also calls for a more open and harmonious society. He hopes his art will invite dialogue and 64(1.5分) (understand), inspiring a world where different stories are 65(1.5分) (wide) shared and valued. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）当下，科技正以前所未有的速度改变着我们的生活。假设你是李津，有意参加你校将举办的科技交流活动。请以“Technology and Lifestyles”为题，写一篇演讲稿，内容如下： 1.科技的重要性； 2.举例说明科技对人类生活的积极影响； 3.你对科技应用的态度。 注意：字数在100字左右，适当扩充细节。 Ladies and Gentlemen, I’m Li Jin. I am delighted to speak on the topic of “Technology and Lifestyles” at the event. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After graduating from university, I began working as a programmer in a small software company. I loved coding (编码) and always hoped to design a cool app with complex functions to show my talent and ability. However, no idea had truly satisfied me. One Friday afternoon, after a long day at work, I suddenly wanted to visit my grandma. She lived alone in a small, sunny apartment. Grandma was cheerful and independent. She loved looking after her plants, drinking tea with her old friends and going to the book club every week. “Growing old doesn’t make me helpless,” she often said, lifting her chin (下巴) slightly. “I’m fully capable of handling things on my own.” But in recent months, I had noticed some small changes. She sometimes forgot where she had put her glasses. Once, she watered the same flower pot twice. Another time, she wrote a shopping list carefully, but later could not find it anywhere. When I arrived at Grandma’s apartment that Friday afternoon, Grandma was sitting beside her phone with a worried look. “Molly, dear,” she said, trying to smile, “Mrs. Green just called. I was supposed to meet her for tea this afternoon, but I completely forgot.” “It’s all right, Grandma,” I said gently. She let out an awkward little laugh, her face burning slightly. On the table lay a small notebook. In it, she had written reminders: take medicine, water the flowers, meet Mrs. Green for tea, book club on Friday… Some words were crossed out twice, while others were circled heavily. “I can still manage,” Grandma said, as if reading my thoughts. Then she gave a soft sigh (叹气). “But sometimes I do wish something could remind me gently. Not loudly, not like an order — just like a friend.” Her words stayed with me. Looking at her notebook, I suddenly felt that the app I had been looking for might be right here. “Give me some time, Grandma,” I said with a smile. “I’ll bring you a little surprise.” 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Back home, I sat before my computer, no longer thinking about a cool app. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next Friday, I brought the finished app to Grandma’s apartment. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 4 Meeting the Muse（适中版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What is the man’s opinion about the painting? A．It’s peaceful. B．It’s colourful. C．It’s boring. 【答案】C 【原文】W: Look at this painting. It’s so peaceful and the colors are so rich. M: But it makes me sleepy just looking at it, because I’ve never taken a liking to the water painting. 2．（本题1.5分）Why is the camera put on the bird’s back? A．To do scientific research. B．To catch people’s eyes. C．To take better pictures. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Wow, can you see the camera in the video? It’s just on the bird’s back. M: Oh, here it is. Scientists want to study the physics of flight while the birds are hunting. 3．（本题1.5分）What is the show about? A．A new technology. B．A new creature. C．A new game. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Are you nearly finished with the TV, or should I watch the game on my computer? M: This show is almost over. It’s really interesting! Scientists have discovered how to make artificial seawater. So, Fresh seafood can now be farmed in places like Xinjiang! 4．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In an art class. C．In a museum. 【答案】C 【详解】M: Look, the workers are offering AR glasses to visitors. You can view the old pictures by the glasses. W: Amazing. Let’s have a try while there are still afternoon openings left. 5．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A painting. B．A gallery. C．A trip. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Hey, look at that piece in the gallery. It’s just like the one we saw on our trip to London. M: It really brings back memories of the trip. The art scene was truly inspiring. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)How long did Marco Polo travel? A．For 13 years. B．For 17 years. C．For 24 years. 7．(1.5分)What does the man suggest the woman do at the end? A．Read a storybook about Xuanzang. B．Write an essay about Marco Polo. C．Imagine the life in ancient times. 【答案】6．C 7．A 【原文】M: What are you reading, Lucy? W: The Travels of Marco Polo. We have to read it for class. Marco Polo was a famous traveler from Italy at the end of the 13th century. He spent 24 years on his journey and even went as far as China. Have you heard about him? M: Of course! I love learning about the ancient explorers and travelers. Through them, you can find out what the world was like in those times. But there is an even older traveler that I like more. Do you know about Xuanzang? W: No. Who was he? M: He was a Chinese man from the 7th century. It took him 17 years to go from China to India and back. He wanted to learn about the origin of Buddhism. His journey must have been amazing. If you’d like to read about it, there’s a storybook called Journey to the West. It is a fantasy story about Xuanzang’s experiences. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)How does Susan feel? A．Excited. B．Upset. C．Confused. 9．(1.5分)What is Susan worried about? A．Others might see her embarrassing photo. B．Clare speaks ill of her behind her back. C．Clare puts her photo on social media. 10．(1.5分)What will Susan do? A．Ask Justin to delete her photo. B．Get back her photo from Clare. C．Talk about her feelings with Clare. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 【原文】M: Hi, Susan. You look terrible! What’s the matter? W: Mmm, I haven’t slept. Well, you know that photo I sent to Clare on Friday night? M: Yeah? W: Well, she sent it to Justin. M: Oh no! How could she do that? It obviously was only for her. W: I know! I thought she’d find it funny, but I didn’t expect her to send it to anyone, especially not Justin! It’s so embarrassing! And what if he puts it on social media or something? What if my mum sees it? M: No, don’t worry... he won’t. But maybe you can ask Clare to speak to Justin and get him to delete the photo? W: Yeah... maybe. I’m so annoyed with Clare! M: Maybe you can speak to Clare and tell her how you feel. She shouldn’t be sharing people’s private photos. W: OK, yeah. Thanks for the advice, Kevin. I’ll talk to her. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why will electronic pets be used in the city? A．To assess people’s loneliness. B．To keep the elderly company. C．To monitor the health of the old. 12．(1.5分)What can an electronic pet do to help its owner? A．Send reports to the center. B．Call for medical equipment. C．Communicate with its owner. 13．(1.5分)How does Sandy find the life in future? A．Exciting. B．Surprising. C．Concerning. 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．C 【原文】M: Sandy, do you hear that? Our city will begin using electronic pets to help keep track of the physical condition of elderly people. People who live alone can buy these toy animals that have a built-in computer. W: How can they help the seniors? M: Health Centers are connected with the home of the “pet” owner. A microphone and a speaker attached to the pet can pass conversations between its owner and doctors. The pet can also summarize the owner’s physical condition and send the data to the centre. It is a pity that the pets are unable to talk. W: But what if the person is seriously ill? M: If no response is received, a vehicle with special equipment will be sent from hospital at once. Technology has made great changes in our lives, Sandy. In future, almost everything will be controlled by computers. W: But I wouldn’t get too excited about that. Do you remember the “Terminator” movies? At first computers were invented to serve humans, but the computers ended up taking over the world! （本题6分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Hostess and guest. B．Director and actor. C．Teacher and student. 15．(1.5分)What does the man say about appreciating some paintings? A．First impressions matter most. B．It varies from person to person. C．It takes time to understand them. 16．(1.5分)How does the man compare art with nature? A．Nature is more inspiring than art. B．They affect people in similar ways. C．Art goes beyond what nature offers. 17．(1.5分)What role does the artist play according to the man? A．A storyteller of historical events. B．A guide who conveys ideas through art. C．A creator who copies beauty from nature. 【答案】14．A 15．C 16．C 17．B 【原文】W: Today on Difficult Discussions, we are going to talk with Dr James Armstrong on the subject of art. Welcome, Dr Armstrong! M: Hi. It’s great to be here. W: To begin with, many people are a little confused about the purpose of art. It seems to serve no real use. It is not like a car or food. Why do we need art anyway? M: Well. First, art can make our world beautiful and makes us feel good. Some paintings may not seem beautiful when we first look at them. But when we take a second look, they engage our minds. We are able to see a beauty that we did not see at first. W: We can get that same feeling by looking at nature. M: True, but art makes our lives better in ways that nature can never do. In contrast to nature, art must be interpreted and understood. When we try to understand an artwork, it is as though we entered into a conversation with the artist. The artist’s creative genius inspires us. It makes our lives more interesting. W: Thank you, Dr Armstrong. M: The pleasure was all mine. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What does Lito like doing in his free time? A．Drawing pictures of leaves. B．Creating art designs on leaves. C．Collecting various leaves. 19．(1.5分)Where can people find Lito’s work? A．In the newspaper. B．In a museum. C．On the Internet. 20．(1.5分)What does Lito’s experience suggest? A．Leaf art can help people earn money. B．Hobbies may have positive effects on health. C．Social media is important for artists to get fans. 【答案】18．B 19．C 20．B 【原文】    M: Good morning, everyone. My name is Lito. I’m glad to be invited here to share my story today. In my leisure time, I like creating detailed designs on fallen leaves. I like to cut, or carve, many different leaf designs. Examples of my work include a frog holding an umbrella, animals jumping happily, and ocean waves. I began making my leaf art in 2020. Now, I have many fans around the world who discovered my designs on social media. I began to create art on fallen leaves just because I wanted to find something to do in my free time. But later when I was doing that, I found my work gives me peaceful feelings to deal with a health issue. The condition I struggle with is called ADHD. People with ADHD can experience difficulties such as mental focus, directing attention, and organizing and controlling urges. Now I don’t struggle with this condition as much as before. Creating art has greatly benefited me. But I’m also very happy that my art can give other people enjoyment as well. This is my story. Thank you for your listening. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Four Self-Portraits (自画像) by Famous Artists Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino) — “Self-Portrait”, 1506 One of the beautiful self-portraits by famous artist Raphael was drawn at the age of 23. It measures around 45cm×33cm and is located at the world-famous Uffizi Gallery. The Italian painter used oil on board to draw his self-portrait, which was the clearest and the most recognizable self-portrait of Raphael himself. Leonardo da Vinci — “Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk”, 1512 “Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk” is a self-portrait of da Vinci at the age of 60 and measures around 33.3cm×21.6cm, which is on display in Biblioteca Reale, Turin, Italy. It is drawn with red chalk on paper and represents the head of an elderly man in a three-quarter view. In the portrait, the length of the hair is uncommon in Renaissance portraits. Rembrandt van Rijn — “Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-up Collar”, 1659 Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn painted his self-portrait in 1659 when he was 53 years old. It shows his worried expression that clearly portrays the troubled condition of his mind at that point of his life since the year 1659 was a year of anxiety for him. This self-portrait found its place among the Benjamin Altman Collection, which has been exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art since 1913. Edgar Degas — “Degas Au Porte-Fusain”, 1855 Edgar Degas made this self-portrait only when he was twenty-one years old. It was one of the most remarkable of his fifteen self-portraits. Degas was seated seemingly without fear and anxiety. The pose in the painting was formal and academic. The painting is located in the musée d’Orsay, Paris, France. 21．(2.5分)Where should visitors go if they want to admire Raphael’s self-portrait in 1506? A．Biblioteca Reale. B．Uffizi Gallery. C．The musée d’Orsay. D．The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 22．(2.5分)Which aspect of Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk was special during the Renaissance? A．The long hair. B．The formal pose. C．The red clothing. D．The worried expression. 23．(2.5分)Which painter was the youngest when painting the above-mentioned self-portraits? A．Raphael. B．Leonardo da Vinci. C．Edgar Degas. D．Rembrandt van Rijn. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四幅著名艺术家们的自画像。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino) — “Self-Portrait”, 1506部分中“It measures around 45cm×33cm and is located at the world-famous Uffizi Gallery.(它的尺寸约为45cm×33cm，位于世界著名的乌菲齐美术馆)”可知，如果游客想欣赏拉斐尔1506年的自画像，可以去乌菲齐美术馆。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据Leonardo da Vinci — “Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk”, 1512部分中“In the portrait, the length of the hair is uncommon in Renaissance portraits.(在这幅画中，头发的长度在文艺复兴时期的肖像画中是罕见的)”可知，文艺复兴时期的《红粉笔画的男人肖像》的特别之处在于画像中人的长头发。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino)部分中“One of the beautiful self-portraits by famous artist Raphael was drawn at the age of 23.(著名画家拉斐尔的一幅美丽的自画像是他23岁时画的)”、Leonardo da Vinci部分中“‘Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk’ is a self-portrait of da Vinci at the age of 60(《红粉笔画的男人肖像》是da Vinci 60岁时的自画像)”、Rembrandt van Rijn部分中“Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn painted his self-portrait in 1659 when he was 53 years old.(1659年，荷兰画家Rembrandt van Rijn在53岁时画了这幅自画像)”以及Edgar Degas部分中“Edgar Degas made this self-portrait only when he was twenty-one years old.(Edgar Degas在21岁时才画了这幅自画像)”可知，在画自己的肖像画时，Edgar Degas 21岁时画了这幅自画像，是四个画家中最年轻的。故选C。 （本题10分）For over five decades, the name Elaine Paige has been equal to the very best of British musical theatre. Paige’s journey to stardom is a theatrical legend. Before 1978, she was a working actress. That all changed when composer Andrew Webber and director Harold Prince were casting their new musical, Evita. Her performance was a surprise. She brought the controversial Argentine First Lady to life. Her powerful delivery of the anthem (颂歌) stopped the show every night and became an instant classic. The role earned her her first Society of London Theatre (Olivier) Award and brought her international fame. With a career defined by groundbreaking roles, a distinctive and infectious voice, and an unwavering devotion to her profession, she has earned the title “The First Lady of British Musical Theatre.” Following Evita, Paige continued to define an era of musical theatre by different characters: Grizabella in Cats(1981), Florence in Chess(1986). For over 15 years, she hosted the hugely popular weekly radio show Elaine Paige on Sunday on BBC Radio 2, further improving her role as an ambassador for the art form. She has also released over 20 solo albums, enjoying a successful career. Her contribution to the arts has been recognized with numerous honors. More than the awards and the titles, her legacy lies in the standard of excellence she set. She demonstrated that a leading lady could be powerful, vulnerable, complex, and attractive. She paved the way for a generation of British performers and introduced millions to the power of musical theatre through her iconic recordings and performances. With her infectious voice and distinguished career, she is not just a star; she is an institution. She remains a beloved and respected figure, whose name will forever be etched in the heart of musical theatre history. 24．(2.5分)Elaine Paige’s role in Evita was particularly significant because it ________. A．was her first cooperation with Tim Rice B．made her a well-known international star C．earned her a number-one single in the UK D．was a classic role in a revival of a musical 25．(2.5分)How is the second paragraph mainly developed? A．By using contrast. B．By quoting her words. C．By listing specific examples. D．By describing her experiences. 26．(2.5分)What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3? A．She has an infectious voice. B．She has gained numerous honors. C．She has set the standard for British musical performers. D．She has become a long-lasting, respected symbol in musical theatre. 27．(2.5分)What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To analyze the character of Eva Perón in Evita. B．To introduce and celebrate the career of Elaine Paige. C．To criticize the development of British musical theatre. D．To explain the history of the Society of London Theatre Awards. 【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“英国音乐剧第一夫人”伊莲・佩姬凭《贝隆夫人》成名，塑造经典角色、主持电台节目、发行专辑，在音乐剧史上留下不朽传奇。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The role earned her her first Society of London Theatre (Olivier) Award and brought her international fame.(这个角色为她赢得了伦敦戏剧协会（奥利维尔奖）的首个奖项，并使她享誉国际)”可知，伊莲・佩姬在《贝隆夫人》里的角色为她赢得了国际声誉，故选B。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Following Evita, Paige continued to define an era of musical theatre by different characters: Grizabella in Cats(1981), Florence in Chess(1986). For over 15 years, she hosted the hugely popular weekly radio show Elaine Paige on Sunday on BBC Radio 2, further improving her role as an ambassador for the art form. She has also released over 20 solo albums, enjoying a successful career.(继《艾薇塔》之后，佩姬继续通过不同角色定义了一个音乐剧时代：1981年《猫》中的格丽泽贝拉、1986年《棋王》中的弗洛伦斯。她主持了BBC Radio 2广受欢迎的周播节目《Elaine Paige on Sunday》超过15年，进一步巩固了她作为艺术形式大使的角色。她还发行了20多张个人专辑，事业非常成功。)”可知，第二段通过列举具体事例展开。故选C。 26．句意猜测题。根据第三段“She paved the way for a generation of British performers and introduced millions to the power of musical theatre through her iconic recordings and performances.(她为一代英国艺人铺平了道路，并通过其标志性的录音和表演，让数以百万计的人领略到了音乐剧的魅力)”以及“She remains a beloved and respected figure, whose name will forever be etched in the heart of musical theatre history.(她依然是一个深受人们喜爱且备受尊敬的人物，她的名字将永远铭刻在音乐剧历史的长河之中)”可知，前文提到她为一代英国表演者铺平道路，让数百万人感受到音乐剧的魅力，后文也说她是深受爱戴和尊敬的人物，名字会永远铭刻在音乐剧历史中。故划线部分意为 “她已成为音乐剧领域一个经久不衰且备受尊敬的标志性人物”。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段“For over five decades, the name Elaine Paige has been equal to the very best of British musical theatre. Paige’s journey to stardom is a theatrical legend.(五十多年来，伊莲・佩姬这个名字一直代表着英国音乐剧的最高水准。佩姬的成名之路堪称戏剧界的传奇)”结合全文围绕伊莲・佩姬的职业生涯展开，讲述了她从普通演员凭借《贝隆夫人》成名，后续塑造的经典角色、跨界成就，以及她对音乐剧领域的贡献和深远影响，可知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍并颂扬伊莲・佩姬的演艺生涯。故选B。 （本题10分）For thousands of years, humans have dreamed of exploring outer space. This ancient dream has finally come true with the development of modern aerospace technology. Space exploration, known for high costs and strict technical requirements, has become an important sign of a country’s scientific strength. In the early days, space exploration projects were completely controlled by government space agencies. At that time, rocket launch and space equipment maintenance cost a huge amount of money. Ordinary private companies did not have enough money or technology to join this field. However, with technological progress, modern reusable rockets and simple space equipment have appeared. More private space companies have taken part in space research, bringing new development chances to this field. Though space exploration sounds far from daily life, it actually brings many practical benefits to ordinary people. Weather satellites can watch atmospheric and ocean changes in real time, helping people predict natural disasters and reduce losses. Space positioning technology supports smart transportation and global logistics. Besides, new materials created for space exploration are now widely used in medical devices and sports equipment. Space observation also helps scientists find new planets for future human exploration. However, space exploration still faces many unavoidable problems. Long-term stay in space will harm astronauts’ bones and cardiovascular health. Cosmic radiation may damage human body cells. What’s more, plenty of waste space equipment has become space debris. These fast-moving fragments may hit working satellites, causing serious safety problems for future space activities. Despite these technical and safety challenges, space exploration is still of great value. It not only helps humans know more about the universe but also encourages young people to study science. In the long run, space exploration will keep pushing human civilization forward. 28．(2.5分)What can we know about early space exploration? A．Wide private participation. B．Total government control. C．Low-cost rocket use. D．Civilian-tech improvement. 29．(2.5分)What practical benefit does space technology bring? A．Better transport management. B．Improved magnetic environment. C．Instant planet migration. D．Enhanced physical health. 30．(2.5分)What is the author’s view on current space exploration? A．Easy-to-solve technical problems. B．Space debris as the top threat. C．Minor radiation influence. D．Various restricting risks. 31．(2.5分)What is the author’s attitude toward space exploration? A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain. D．Cautiously optimistic. 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．D 31．D 【导语】文章主要介绍太空探索发展、民用益处、现存难题与作者乐观态度。 【详解】28．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“In the early days, space exploration projects were completely controlled by government space agencies.(早期，太空探索项目完全由政府航天机构控制。)”可知，早期的太空探索完全由政府控制。 29．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“Space positioning technology supports smart transportation and global logistics.(太空定位技术支持智慧交通和全球物流。)”可知，太空技术带来了更好的交通管理。 30．推理判断题。 根据第四段“Long-term stay in space will harm astronauts’ bones and cardiovascular health. Cosmic radiation may damage human body cells. What’s more, plenty of waste space equipment has become space debris. These fast-moving fragments may hit working satellites, causing serious safety problems for future space activities.(长期驻留太空会损害宇航员的骨骼与心血管健康。宇宙辐射可能损伤人体细胞。此外，大量废弃航天设备形成了太空碎片。这些高速飞行的碎块有可能撞击正常运行的卫星，给未来太空活动带来严重安全隐患。)”可知，当前的太空探索面临着多种限制性风险。 31．推理判断题。 根据第五段“Despite these technical and safety challenges, space exploration is still of great value. It not only helps humans know more about the universe but also encourages young people to study science. In the long run, space exploration will keep pushing human civilization forward.(尽管存在这些技术与安全层面的难题，太空探索依旧具备重大价值。它不仅帮助人类加深对宇宙的认知，还能激励青少年钻研科学。长远来看，太空探索会持续推动人类文明向前发展。)”可知，作者在承认挑战的同时肯定了太空探索的价值，持谨慎乐观的态度。 （本题10分）The image of a sheepdog controlling a chaotic group of sheep with intense stares is a familiar one. However, a recent study reveals that the secret to their success, particularly with small, unpredictable groups, lies not in force, but in making full use of the sheep’s own indecisiveness. This biological strategy is now inspiring a revolutionary algorithm (算法) for managing “noisy” groups of robots. For sheepdogs, managing a large group is relatively straightforward; the safety of numbers creates predictable, collective movement. The true test of skill comes in the century-old tradition of sheepdog contests, where a dog must guide only four or five sheep. In these small groups, individual personalities dominate. Without the comfort of the crowd, each sheep constantly and randomly switches between “follow” and “run away” and quickly breaks their formation. This randomness makes small flocks significantly more difficult to control. Researchers, after analyzing countless YouTube videos and consulting with shepherds, found out the sheepdog’s strategy. The dog simply waits for all the sheep to face the right direction, then instantly chases them to get them moving. When the sheep break formation again, the dog pauses and waits for the next moment when they all face the same way. This elegant approach turns an apparent obstacle — the sheep’s indecisiveness — into a tool. Instead of fighting the noisy sheep group, the dog uses it. This principle is now built into a robot algorithm called the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm.” Each robot keeps switching between listening to a human controller and copying the robots next to it. Old methods either make all robots follow one leader, or make them copy the average of everyone’s movements. If the leader messes up, the whole group messes up. If you average movements, different directions cancel each other out. Both weaken the controller’s commands. The new way avoids both problems. The research has big potential beyond farming. It could help handle self-driving cars, drone swarms, and AI agents. “A little ‘Indecisiveness’ stops the group from jamming up and makes it more adaptable,” says computer scientist Ted Pavlic. This challenges the old idea that randomness is a problem, showing instead that it can be a useful tool for better group control. 32．(2.5分)What does the finding of the recent study inspire scientists to develop? A．A control system for managing sheep groups. B．A method to manage a single robot effectively. C．A strategy to eliminate noisiness in robot groups. D．A new algorithm for robot group control. 33．(2.5分)What is the sheepdog’s key strategy for controlling a small group? A．Constantly chasing them to keep the movement. B．Taking advantage of the sheep’s random changes. C．Using force to fight the sheep’s indecisiveness. D．Keeping all the sheep in a fixed formation. 34．(2.5分)How does the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm” improve robot control? A．By reducing randomness among a group of robots. B．By having robots follow a shared human controller. C．By enabling robots to shift their source of guidance. D．By preventing robots from copying others’ movements. 35．(2.5分)What is the best title for the text? A．Randomness: A Key to Better Group Control B．Sheepdogs: A New Blueprint for Robot Design C．Sheepdogs’ Strategy: A Lost Art for Modern Technology D．Indecisiveness: A Problem to Be Overcome in Robotics 【答案】32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 【导语】文章介绍了研究发现牧羊犬不靠武力，而是利用羊群自身的摇摆犹豫控制小群羊；受此启发科学家研发“犹豫群体算法”，证明随机性可以成为群体控制的有利工具，可应用于自动驾驶、无人机集群等领域。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This biological strategy is now inspiring a revolutionary algorithm for managing ‘noisy’ groups of robots. (如今，这种生物策略启发科学家研发出一种革新性算法，用来管控‘行为混乱’的机器人群体。)”可知，这项最新研究的发现启发科学家研发出一种用于机器人群体控制的新算法。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, a recent study reveals that the secret to their success, particularly with small, unpredictable groups, lies not in force, but in making full use of the sheep’s own indecisiveness. (然而，近期一项研究表明，牧羊犬成功管控羊群（尤其是规模小、行为不可预测的羊群）的秘诀，不在于武力，而在于充分利用绵羊自身犹豫不决的特性。)”、第二段中“The dog simply waits for all the sheep to face the right direction, then instantly chases them to get them moving. When the sheep break formation again, the dog pauses and waits for the next moment when they all face the same way. (牧羊犬只是静静等待所有绵羊朝向同一个方向，然后立刻驱赶，让羊群行动起来。当羊群再次打乱队形，牧羊犬就停下，等待下一次所有羊朝向一致的时机。)”及第三段中“This elegant approach turns an apparent obstacle — the sheep’s indecisiveness — into a tool. Instead of fighting the noisy sheep group, the dog uses it. (这套巧妙的方法把看似的阻碍 —— 绵羊的犹豫不决，变成了工具。牧羊犬并非去对抗混乱的羊群，而是加以利用。)”可知，牧羊犬控制小群羊的核心策略是把羊的犹豫不决、随机切换状态这个看似障碍的特点转化为工具，利用羊的随机变化规律行动。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This principle is now built into a robot algorithm called the ‘Indecisive Swarm Algorithm.’ Each robot keeps switching between listening to a human controller and copying the robots next to it. (这一原理被编入一种叫作‘犹豫群体算法’的机器人程序。每台机器人会不断切换模式：时而听从人类控制器指令，时而模仿身旁其他机器人。)”可知，“犹豫群体算法”通过让机器人可以切换指令来源来优化机器人控制。 35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The research has big potential beyond farming. It could help handle self-driving cars, drone swarms, and AI agents. ‘A little ‘Indecisiveness’ stops the group from jamming up and makes it more adaptable,’ says computer scientist Ted Pavlic. This challenges the old idea that randomness is a problem, showing instead that it can be a useful tool for better group control. (这项研究的应用潜力远不止畜牧业。它可以用于自动驾驶汽车、无人机集群以及人工智能智能体。计算机科学家泰德・帕夫利奇表示：‘适度的‘犹豫’能够避免群体陷入拥堵，让群体适应性变得更强。’这颠覆了人们过去的固有观念：随机性并非麻烦，反而可以成为实现更优群体控制的有效工具。)”并结合全文可知，文章的核心是研究发现牧羊犬利用羊群的摇摆、随机特性，衍生出新机器人算法，以往被视作问题的随机性，反而可以成为实现更优群体控制的有效工具，A选项“Randomness: A Key to Better Group Control (随机性：实现更好群体控制的关键)”能概括文章核心，适合作为标题。 （本题12.5分）Photography has opened our eyes to a wealth of beauties we could never have noticed, things as ordinary as a fence, a chair, a vegetable. 36(2.5分) And as technology develops, photographers have explored completely new ranges: those of the eagle, the microscope, the universe. 37(2.5分) Photography depends on the integration of light, composition and moment. Light makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, it can make the image shine. 38(2.5分) What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will see — but that combination is vital. And the moment that the shutter (快门) is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three are in balance, there is visual magic. Photographs bring us a world view unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Images used to be made to please, not to record reality. But as photography progressed, painterly rules were often rejected in the pursuit of fresh vision. 39(2.5分) They invited the world to see with new eyes, and all of the arts began to draw new inspirations from this change. In this sense, photographers are not only scientists longing to “fix” an image but artistic pioneers. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more accessible. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined. 40(2.5分) A．The same is true with composition. B．Why did photography change people’s vision? C．What is it that determines a photograph is beautiful? D．And there is beauty, often ignored, in nearly everything. E．Photography helps people discover various hidden secrets. F．Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad. G．Such items, once not worth an artist’s paint, are honored by photography. 【答案】36．G 37．C 38．A 39．F 40．D 【导语】本文介绍摄影拓展了人类发现美的视野，剖析构成优秀摄影作品的三大核心要素，阐述摄影颠覆传统美术审美、重塑大众观察视角的艺术变革，点明摄影兼具科学记录与艺术开拓双重价值。 【详解】36．上文“Photography has opened our eyes to a wealth of beauties we could never have noticed, things as ordinary as a fence, a chair, a vegetable. (摄影让我们看见无数从前忽略的美好，栅栏、椅子、蔬果这类平凡事物皆是)”列举了从前不被重视的普通日常事物，下文“And as technology develops, photographers have explored completely new ranges (随着科技的发展，摄影师们也探索了全新的领域)”提出摄影师的新探索。G选项“Such items, once not worth an artist’s paint, are honored by photography. (这类曾经不值得画家落笔的事物，因摄影而被赋予美感与价值)”中 Such items 指代上文栅栏、椅子、蔬果，承接上文平凡事物的例子，衔接下文科技拓展摄影拍摄边界的内容。 37．下文“Photography depends on the integration of light, composition and moment. (摄影依赖光线、构图、瞬间三大要素的融合)”围绕光线、构图、瞬间三大核心展开说明。C选项“What is it that determines a photograph is beautiful? (是什么决定一张照片拥有美感？)”以设问引出下文对摄影三大美学要素的完整阐释，总领本段内容，形成问答总分结构。 38．上文“Light makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, it can make the image shine. (光线是成像基础，运用得当能让画面出彩)”讲解了光线的作用，下文“What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will see — but that combination is vital. (摄影师对画面取舍形成了构图，决定了我们所看到的一切，这一组合至关重要)”介绍了构图。A选项“The same is true with composition. (构图亦是如此)”承接上文对光线的分析，过渡到第二个核心要素。 39．上文“But as photography progressed, painterly rules were often rejected in the pursuit of fresh vision. (随着摄影发展，人们摒弃传统绘画规则，追求全新视觉表达)”说明摄影挣脱古典绘画束缚，下文“They invited the world to see with new eyes, and all of the arts began to draw new inspirations from this change. (它们让世人用全新视角观察世界，各类艺术都从中汲取灵感)”提到全新视角与灵感。F选项“Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad. (摄影师开始完整关注真实世界，无论美好与缺憾)”解释摄影师摒弃绘画规则后的创作转向，衔接上下文，下文里代词They指代F选项里的photographers。 40．上文“They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined. (它们直观证明了世界远比我们想象的壮阔)”总结摄影带来的视野提升。D选项“And there is beauty, often ignored, in nearly everything. (几乎所有事物中都藏着常被忽略的美)”收束全文，呼应首段摄影发掘平凡事物之美的核心主旨。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）At first glance, a mess of weeds and a pile of dying leaves might seem unremarkable. Most people would 41 there. But for Linda, these scenes are invitations to discover 42 beauty. She advises us to 43 closer and slower and to see each image as a world in itself — a well-ordered 44 created by nature and captured by her large-format camera. Linda often shoots from the 45 , sitting in the grass, sometimes with her dogs beside her. This low 46 gives an animal-eye view of scenes just a foot or two high, connecting her to the earth and the plant life she is 47 . Her focus on lines and geometric (几何形状) in nature creates 48 connections: tiny blooms forming an eye, or a fallen branch parallel (平行) to a plant. “I find beauty in all of nature,” Linda says. “Even weeds and dead branches have something 49 .” Linda’s journey as a photographer was 50 by her grandmother, who would 51 in front of the kitchen window, looking out into the landscape. Her grandmother’s simple 52 to “look” set Linda on her path. “How long does it take to see something?” asked one of Linda’s fans. Her work is part of the answer. It encourages us to observe the world 53 , and to become alive to our 54 . In a fast-paced world, Linda reminds us that 55 is all around us, waiting to be discovered if we just spend time looking for it. 41．(1分)A．wander B．settle C．stop D．appear 42．(1分)A．imaginary B．clear C．distant D．hidden 43．(1分)A．look B．live C．shut D．plan 44．(1分)A．process B．composition C．system D．schedule 45．(1分)A．sky B．ocean C．ground D．downtown 46．(1分)A．consumption B．price C．speed D．perspective 47．(1分)A．painting B．collecting C．photographing D．studying 48．(1分)A．subjective B．casual C．temporary D．visual 49．(1分)A．grand B．attractive C．ancient D．powerful 50．(1分)A．inspired B．designed C．required D．consulted 51．(1分)A．remain calm B．come alive C．go wrong D．keep still 52．(1分)A．response B．solution C．invitation D．access 53．(1分)A．patiently B．frequently C．quietly D．eagerly 54．(1分)A．conditions B．surroundings C．backgrounds D．organizations 55．(1分)A．truth B．kindness C．peace D．beauty 【答案】 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．D 47．C 48．D 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文围绕摄影师琳达的创作理念展开，讲述她善于从杂草、枯叶等看似平凡的自然场景中发现隐藏的美。琳达以贴近地面的拍摄视角，捕捉自然中的线条与几何美感，而她的摄影之路源于祖母“用心观察”的启发。 【详解】41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人只会就此停留。A. wander徘徊，漫步；B. settle定居，解决；C. stop停止；D. appear出现。根据上文“At first glance, a mess of weeds and a pile of dying leaves might seem unremarkable”可知，大多数人看到不起眼的场景会止步不前，不会深入观察。故选C。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对琳达而言，这些场景却是发现隐藏之美的邀请。A. imaginary想象的；B. clear清晰的；C. distant遥远的；D. hidden隐藏的。转折词“But”引出 Linda 的视角，根据下文 “see each image as a world in itself”和结尾 “waiting to be discovered”可知，杂草枯叶的美是隐藏的，需要主动发现。故选D。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议我们靠近、放慢节奏，将每个画面都视作一个独立的世界——一个由大自然创造、并被她的大幅相机捕捉下来的井然有序的构图。A. look看；B. live生活；C. shut关闭；D. plan计划。根据下文“see each image as a world in itself”和 “captured by her large-format camera”可知，Linda 建议更近、更慢地观察，才能发现美。故选A。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她建议我们靠近、放慢节奏，将每个画面都视作一个独立的世界——一个由大自然创造、并被她的大幅相机捕捉下来的井然有序的构图。A. process过程；B. composition构图；C. system系统；D. schedule时间表。根据下文“created by nature and captured by her large-format camera.”可知，此处指自然场景的构图，即画面的布局搭配。故选B。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达常常从地面拍摄，坐在草地上，有时身边伴着她的狗。A. sky天空；B. ocean海洋；C. ground地面；D. downtown市中心。根据下文“sitting in the grass”和 “a foot or two high”可知，坐在草地上拍摄，说明是从地面角度拍摄。故选C。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种低角度视角呈现出仅一两英尺高的场景，如同动物眼中的世界，让她与大地以及正在拍摄的植物紧密相连。A. consumption消费；B. price价格；C. speed速度；D. perspective视角。根据下文“an animal-eye view”可知，这里说的是视角。故选D。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种低角度视角呈现出仅一两英尺高的场景，如同动物眼中的世界，让她与大地以及正在拍摄的植物紧密相连。A. painting绘画；B. collecting收集；C. photographing拍摄；D. studying学习。全文围绕Linda的身份“photographer”（摄影师）展开，根据上文“captured by her large-format camera”可知，她专注于拍摄的植物生命。故选C。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她专注于自然中的线条与几何形状，创造出视觉上的关联：细小的花朵构成眼睛的形状，或是一根掉落的树枝与一株植物平行。A. subjective主观的；B. casual随意的；C. temporary暂时的；D. visual视觉的。根据下文“tiny blooms forming an eye, or a fallen branch parallel to a plant”可知，小花组成眼睛形状，或掉落的树枝与植物平行，这些是视觉上的关联，通过眼睛可直接观察到。故选D。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便是杂草和枯枝，也有其吸引人之处。A. grand宏大的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. ancient古老的；D. powerful强大的。根据上文“I find beauty in all of nature”可知，此处承接上文 Linda 对杂草、枯叶的关注，说明即使是杂草和枯枝也有吸引人的地方，即隐藏的美。故选B。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：琳达的摄影之旅受到了祖母的启发，她的祖母常会静静地坐在厨房窗前，眺望窗外的风景。A. inspired启发，激励；B. designed设计；C. required要求；D. consulted咨询。根据下文“Her grandmother’s simple ___12___ to “look” set Linda on her path.”可知，Linda的摄影之旅是被祖母启发的。故选A。 51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：琳达的摄影之旅受到了祖母的启发，她的祖母常会静静地坐在厨房窗前，眺望窗外的风景。A. remain calm保持冷静；B. come alive变得活跃；C. go wrong出错；D. keep still保持静止。根据下文“in front of the kitchen window, looking out into the landscape.”可知，眺望风景时需要保持静止，才能专注观察。故选D。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：祖母那句简单的“去观察”的邀请，让琳达踏上了摄影之路。A. response回应；B. solution解决方案；C. invitation邀请；D. access通道。上文“these scenes are invitations to discover ___2___ beauty”与此处形成呼应，祖母观察的建议，本质是一种邀请，鼓励 Linda 去发现美。故选C。 53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它鼓励我们耐心地观察世界，对周围环境保持敏锐感知。A. patiently耐心地；B. frequently频繁地；C. quietly安静地；D. eagerly渴望地。根据上文“How long does it take to see something?”和“___3___closer and slower”可知，发现美需要耐心地观察，而非匆忙。故选A。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它鼓励我们耐心地观察世界，对周围环境保持敏锐感知。A. conditions条件；B. surroundings周围环境；C. backgrounds背景；D. organizations组织。全文围绕“观察自然场景”展开，Linda的作品鼓励人们关注身边的世界。故选B。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个快节奏的世界里，琳达提醒我们：美无处不在，只要我们肯花时间去寻找，便能发现它的踪迹。A. truth真相；B. kindness善良；C. peace和平；D. beauty美。根据上文“these scenes are invitations to discover ___2___ beauty”和“I find beauty in all of nature”可知，此处是信息词beauty的词汇复现。故选D。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Drawing inspiration from his life as 56(1.5分) immigrant living between two countries, Los Angeles-based Chilean multimedia artist Guillermo Bert 57(1.5分) (seek) to highlight the struggles of the first-generation Latino community. His series Warriors serves as a recognition for their important contributions to American society, especially during a time of crisis. Bert draws inspiration from the Terracotta Warriors of China, which were an ancient army 58(1.5分) (bury) underground for thousands of years. He tells the stories of Latino essential workers who worked tirelessly to keep communities safe and support 59(1.5分) (they) families. These individuals range 60(1.5分) construction and agricultural workers to doctors and teachers, and they show a warrior spirit of 61(1.5分) (strong) and perseverance. The sculptures, which are created from 3D scans of real people, stand as memorials to their devotion. Among those honored 62(1.5分) (be) figures from Bert’s own life, including his longtime housekeeper, a carpenter, and strawberry pickers in Oxnard, 63(1.5分) stories are brought to life through AR. Using 3D scanning and laser-cut birchwood (桦木), Bert creates layered sculptures that blend physical form with a digital effect. Through Warriors, he not only celebrates the courage and hard work of Latino workers but also calls for a more open and harmonious society. He hopes his art will invite dialogue and 64(1.5分) (understand), inspiring a world where different stories are 65(1.5分) (wide) shared and valued. 【答案】 56．an 57．seeks 58．buried 59．their 60．from 61．strength 62．are 63．whose 64．understanding 65．widely 【导语】本文介绍了旅居洛杉矶的智利多媒体艺术家吉列尔莫・伯特，以自身跨国移民生活为灵感，创作《勇士》系列雕塑作品。 【详解】56．考查冠词。句意：身为一名穿梭于两国之间的移民，洛杉矶智利籍多媒体艺术家吉列尔莫・伯特从自身生活中汲取灵感，力求凸显第一代拉美裔群体的艰辛处境。immigrant为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且immigrant发音以元音音素开头，所以使用不定冠词an。 57．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意同上。空处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语Guillermo Bert为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式seeks。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：伯特从中国兵马俑中获得创作灵感，这支古代军队已在地下埋藏了数千年。空处应为非谓语动词作后置定语，bury与army之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式buried。 59．考查代词。句意：他讲述了拉美裔基础行业劳动者的故事：他们不辞辛劳地守护社区安全、供养自己的家庭。根据空后名词families可知，此处应为形容词性物主代词their作定语。 60．考查介词。句意：这些从业者涵盖建筑工人、务农人员、医生到教师等各行各业，彰显出坚韧顽强、持之以恒的勇士精神。range from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……范围”，空处需填介词from。 61．考查名词。句意同上。根据空前介词of可知，此处应为名词形式，与perseverance并列作宾语，strong的名词为strength意为“坚毅”，为不可数名词。 62．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：受致敬的人物中也包括伯特生活中的身边人，比如为他服务多年的管家、一名木匠，以及奥克斯纳德的草莓采摘工，他们的故事通过增强现实技术被生动呈现。空处为谓语动词，此处为倒装句，正常语序：Figures from Bert’s own life ______ among those honored；主语figures为复数，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时，所以谓语动词应为复数形式are。 63．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词figures，关系词在从句中作定语，所以使用关系代词whose引导。 64．考查名词。句意：他希望自己的艺术作品能促成对话与相互理解，感召世人让不同的人生故事得到广泛传播与尊重。根据空前and和dialogue可知，此处应为名词形式，与dialogue并列作宾语，understand的名词为understanding意为“理解”，为不可数名词。 65．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词shared应用副词widely作状语。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）当下，科技正以前所未有的速度改变着我们的生活。假设你是李津，有意参加你校将举办的科技交流活动。请以“Technology and Lifestyles”为题，写一篇演讲稿，内容如下： 1.科技的重要性； 2.举例说明科技对人类生活的积极影响； 3.你对科技应用的态度。 注意：字数在100字左右，适当扩充细节。 Ladies and Gentlemen, I’m Li Jin. I am delighted to speak on the topic of “Technology and Lifestyles” at the event. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Ladies and Gentlemen, I’m Li Jin. I am delighted to speak on the topic of “Technology and Lifestyles” at the event. Technology is the core driving force of modern life, playing an irreplaceable role in improving our quality of life and promoting social progress. It brings great convenience to our daily lives. We can communicate with relatives far away through video calls anytime, finish work efficiently via online office tools, and even shop, study and entertain without leaving home. These changes make our life more efficient and colorful. In my opinion, we should use technology rationally. We should make full use of its advantages to help us study and work better, while avoiding over-reliance on it. Let’s use technology properly to create a more convenient and meaningful life. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你校将举办的科技交流活动这一情况，以“Technology and Lifestyles”为题，写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 至关重要的：core → vital 通过：via → through 有效的：efficient → valid 充分利用：make full use of → take full advantage of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Technology is the core driving force of modern life, playing an irreplaceable role in improving our quality of life and promoting social progress. 拓展句：Technology, which is the core driving force of modern life, plays an irreplaceable role in improving our quality of life and promoting social progress. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Technology is the core driving force of modern life, playing an irreplaceable role in improving our quality of life and promoting social progress.（运用了分词短语作状语现在（运用了） 【高分句型2】We should make full use of its advantages to help us study and work better, while avoiding over-reliance on it.（运用了while引导的时间状语从句的省略） 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After graduating from university, I began working as a programmer in a small software company. I loved coding (编码) and always hoped to design a cool app with complex functions to show my talent and ability. However, no idea had truly satisfied me. One Friday afternoon, after a long day at work, I suddenly wanted to visit my grandma. She lived alone in a small, sunny apartment. Grandma was cheerful and independent. She loved looking after her plants, drinking tea with her old friends and going to the book club every week. “Growing old doesn’t make me helpless,” she often said, lifting her chin (下巴) slightly. “I’m fully capable of handling things on my own.” But in recent months, I had noticed some small changes. She sometimes forgot where she had put her glasses. Once, she watered the same flower pot twice. Another time, she wrote a shopping list carefully, but later could not find it anywhere. When I arrived at Grandma’s apartment that Friday afternoon, Grandma was sitting beside her phone with a worried look. “Molly, dear,” she said, trying to smile, “Mrs. Green just called. I was supposed to meet her for tea this afternoon, but I completely forgot.” “It’s all right, Grandma,” I said gently. She let out an awkward little laugh, her face burning slightly. On the table lay a small notebook. In it, she had written reminders: take medicine, water the flowers, meet Mrs. Green for tea, book club on Friday… Some words were crossed out twice, while others were circled heavily. “I can still manage,” Grandma said, as if reading my thoughts. Then she gave a soft sigh (叹气). “But sometimes I do wish something could remind me gently. Not loudly, not like an order — just like a friend.” Her words stayed with me. Looking at her notebook, I suddenly felt that the app I had been looking for might be right here. “Give me some time, Grandma,” I said with a smile. “I’ll bring you a little surprise.” 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Back home, I sat before my computer, no longer thinking about a cool app. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next Friday, I brought the finished app to Grandma’s apartment. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【参考范文】 Back home, I sat before my computer, no longer thinking about a cool app. Grandma’s words ‌“just like a friend” kept echoing in my mind. I began designing something simple and warm — big fonts, gentle tones and a few clear buttons. I chose a lovely child’s voice for the reminder alerts. The app could record daily plans and remind users softly. Every night I tested and adjusted the code repeatedly. When the sweet voice ‌“Time for tea with Mrs. Green” finally rang out, I smiled. I knew this was the perfect surprise for Grandma. The next Friday, I brought the finished app to Grandma’s apartment. Surprised yet doubtful, she set a reminder for watering flowers with my help. Minutes later, a soft alert sounded, ‌“Grandma, your flowers may be thirsty.” Her eyes lit up. ‌“How lovely!” she laughed. From then on, Grandma never missed appointments again. Seeing her confident smile, I realized technology’s true value — serving ordinary people with warmth. 【导语】本文以程序员Molly为祖母设计APP为线索展开，讲述了Molly看到祖母因记忆力减退而烦恼后，放弃设计酷炫APP的想法，转而开发一款温暖贴心的提醒软件。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句可知，第一段可描写Molly回家后开始设计APP的过程，重点突出简洁、温暖的设计理念，以及测试成功时的喜悦。 ②由第二段首句可知，第二段可描写Molly将APP带给祖母试用，祖母从怀疑到惊喜的反应，以及APP给祖母生活带来的积极变化。 2. 续写线索：回家设计——反复测试——带去试用——祖母惊喜——生活改善——感悟科技价值 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①选择：choose/select ②意识到：realize/be aware of 情绪类 ①惊讶的：surprised/amazed ②怀疑的：doubtful/suspicious 【点睛】[高分句型1] When the sweet voice ‌“Time for tea with Mrs. Green” finally rang out, I smiled. (运用了when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Seeing her confident smile, I realized technology’s true value — serving ordinary people with warmth. (运用了现在分词seeing作状语) 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $