Unit 3 Environmental Protection Period 2 Discover Useful Structures 语法导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Period 2 Discover Useful Structures Unit 3 Environmental Protection — Direct and Indirect Speech 学情诊断 本班共45人，初中接触过间接引语，但上次作业造句显示：约15人在 He said, 'I am tired.' 中转成 He said that he is tired（忘记时态后移；口语中若他此刻仍累，偶尔可保留 is，但正式语法要求 was）；约11人在代词转换时把 your/my 搞混。对话中转述别人的话时倾向于逐字背，不会用自己的话。故本课 Part II 让学生先从课文例句自行归纳规则，Part III 分层练习后当场互批纠错。弹性预案：若超过三分之一学生在疑问句语序上仍出错，下节课用5分钟专项练陈述语序。 Learning Objectives • Notice the differences between direct and indirect speech by comparing sentences from the text. • Summarise the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech (tense, pronoun, time/place words). • Use indirect speech to report what the experts and scientists in the text said. Key & Difficult Points Key: tense backshift and pronoun change when reporting statements and questions. Difficult: (1) word order in reported questions; (2) reporting commands/requests (tell sb to do / advise sb not to do). Part I Lead-in: notice the pattern (5 min，弹性3–6) Read these three sentences from the reading text. What do they have in common? • An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. • Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before. • Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue. Think-pair-share（1分钟独立思考，2分钟同桌讨论）：Are these the speakers' exact words? How do you know? (No — no quotation marks; that introduces the reported idea.) Follow-up: What verbs introduce reported speech? (said / claimed / warned; more: argued, suggested, urged, added, replied) Part II Observe and discover (10 min，弹性8–12) The three sentences above are all statements. Now look at these pairs — when we report questions and commands, what else changes? Direct speech Indirect speech What changed? "The bear is starving," the expert said. The expert said that the bear was starving. tense: is → was The reporter asked, "Will polar bears die out?" The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out. tense: will → would; question order → statement order The reporter asked, "How can we save polar bears?" The reporter asked how we could save polar bears. can → could; question order → statement order; we 保留（转述者与记者同属关注环保群体，same group→we） "Let us work together to stop climate change," the expert said. The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. verb pattern: advise sb to do sth; we → us (object) Group discussion — summarise the rules: • (1) Tense: present → past; will → would; can → could（其他情态动词同理，如 may→might）。The conjunction that after said / told / warned is optional. • (2) Pronoun: you → I/he/she; your → my/his/her; me → him/her. If the reporter was the original listener, your → my; if the reporter tells a third person, your → his/her. "I like your bike." → (reporter is the listener) She told me (that) she liked my bike. → (reporter tells a third person) She said (that) she liked her bike. • (3) we: if the reporter is in the original group, we stays we; if not, we → they. In “Let us”, us stays us as the object. 对比（同一句原话，we 随转述者身份变化）： 原话 转述者身份 转述句 we 的变化 "We will plant trees on the west hill," the students said. 同班同学（同一群体） A classmate said we would plant trees on the west hill. we → we（same group） "We will plant trees on the west hill," the students said. 校长（不同群体） The headmaster said they would plant trees on the west hill. we → they（different group） • (4) Question word order: reported questions use statement order (subject + verb), not question order • (5) Time/place words: today → that day; tomorrow → the next day; here → there; now → then • (6) Tense exception: if the reported content is an objective truth, scientific fact, or a rule that still holds, the tense does not backshift (e.g. The teacher said the sun rises in the east). Teacher confirms the rules on the board. Part III Practise (15 min，弹性13–17) Activity 1 Report what they said (8 min，弹性7–9) Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech. Pay attention to tense, pronoun and word order. Note: assume you were the person being spoken to (the original listener), so the object is “me” and “you” becomes “I/my”. If you get stuck, check the tense backshift cheat sheet on the board (present → past; past → past perfect; will → would). • (1) "I don't know that," he said. • (2) "I think this is your watch," Li Hua said to me. • (3) "I have lived here for two years," she said. • (4) "We will have a test next Monday," the monitor said to me.（你是班长的同班同学，属同一群体） • (5) The teacher asked, "Where have you been?" • (6) "How did you repair it?" the teacher asked. （分层）每人至少做(1)–(3)；学有余力者六题全做，并标出每处变化（如don’t→didn’t、I→he、this→that）。 Activity 2 Report commands and requests (7 min). Pattern: tell / ask / advise + object + (not) to do sth. Example: "Please slow down!" → I told him to slow down. （分层）基础：完成前3题；挑战：5题全做，并标注每题用的动词模式（tell / ask / advise）。 Original words Reported version "Please slow down!" Bill was driving too fast, so I told him ______. "Don't worry too much about it." Sue was nervous, so I told her ______. "Could you hold the door for me, Henry?" Sarah wanted to go out, so she asked Henry ______. "Don't tell him the news." She told me ______. "Stop making so much noise, children." He told the children ______. Part IV Use it: report the experts in the text (8 min，弹性6–10) Look back at the reading text. Find what these people said and report it in indirect speech: • The expert who studied polar bears (Para 1–2): what did he say about the bear? • Climate scientists (Para 4): what did they warn about? • The text (Para 5): what does the text advise us to do? Example: The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. （分层）先转述两句；学有余力者三句全转述，并加一句自己的建议。 Pair work: report your findings to your partner. Teacher invites 2 pairs to share. 时间弹性：各环节为最可能用时；若Part II归纳超时，Part IV压缩为6分钟口头汇报，超时优先保Part III疑问句语序练习。 Part V Consolidation：课堂小测（限时3分钟，独立完成，不做提示） 课堂小测 — Rewrite as indirect speech： • (1) "I never eat meat," he said. → ________________ • (2) "I've found my wallet," he said. → ________________ • (3) The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east." → ________________ • (4) "Are you interested in this?" he said. → ________________ • (5) "Don't be late again," she said. → ________________ Homework • Choose two sentences from the reading text that use indirect speech. Copy them and underline the reported clause. • Write 4–5 sentences reporting what one expert, scientist or writer in the text said. Use at least two different reporting verbs (said / warned / advised / claimed). • Challenge：课后用间接引语转述同桌课间的一段真实对话，至少3句，含1个疑问句和1个祈使句；下节课前提交文字稿或录音。 Answer Key (teacher use) Part I • They are indirect speech — no quotation marks, that introduces the reported idea. Part II • (1) Tense: present → past; will → would; can → could • (2) Pronoun: you → I/he/she; your → my/his/her • (3) we: same group → we; different group → they; Let us → us (object) • (4) Question order: statement order (subject + verb) • (5) Time/place: today → that day; tomorrow → the next day; here → there; now → then Part III Activity 1: • (1) He said (that) he didn't know that. (With no clear context, that stays that; it is used only when the thing is already known to both speakers.) • (2) Li Hua said (that) he thought that was my watch. (the second that is a demonstrative pronoun, not the conjunction that) • (3) She said (that) she had lived there for two years. (have lived → had lived; here → there) • (4) The monitor told me (that) we would have a test the next Monday. (will→would; next Monday→the next Monday; we 保留，因转述者与班长同班属同一群体；若转述者是老师，则 we→they) • (5) The teacher asked me where I had been. • (6) The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. Advanced (mark what changed): (1) He said (that) he didn't know that. (don't → didn't; I → he; that stays that) (3) She said (that) she had lived there for two years. (have lived → had lived; here → there) Activity 2: • Bill was driving too fast, so I told him to slow down. • Sue was nervous, so I told her not to worry too much about it. • Sarah wanted to go out, so she asked Henry to hold the door for her.（her = Sarah，勿写成 for me） • She told me not to tell him the news. • He told the children to stop making so much noise. Part IV • (Basic) The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. • (Basic / Advanced) Climate scientists warned that if we did not take appropriate actions, the warming trend would continue, and (as the text adds) there would be a higher price to pay. (原文 Para 4: “There is a higher price to pay.”) • (Advanced) The text advised us to reduce our carbon footprint and seize every opportunity to educate others about global warming. Plus your own view, e.g. In my opinion, we should also take public transport more. Part V • (1) He said (that) he never ate meat. • (2) He said (that) he had found his wallet. • (3) The teacher said (that) the sun rises in the east. • (4) He asked me if I was interested in it. • (5) She told me not to be late again. Note for Part V (3): when the reported content is an objective truth, scientific fact, or a still-true general rule, the tense does not backshift even if the main verb is past.（客观真理/科学事实/仍成立的规则，主句为过去时也不后移） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $