Unit 3 Environmental Protection 语法要点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版选择性必修三Unit 3语法要点 直接引语和间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语（Direct Speech）。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语（Indirect Speech）。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。无论是直接引语还是间接引语，常用动词say、tell、ask、think等引述，这种动词称作引述动词。直接引语变为间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、状语等都会发生变化。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 1、 直接引语为陈述句 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，直接引语变成say、tell等的宾语从句，由从属连词that引导，that在口语中可省略。间接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等都要作相应的变化。 1. 人称的变化： 要根据语境把第一和第二人称变成第三人称，或把第二人称变成第一人称。例如： He said, “I want to marry Jessica.” 他说：“我要娶杰西卡。” →He said that he wanted to marry Jessica. 他说他要娶杰西卡。 He said, “Your computer is better than mine.” 他说：“你的电脑比我的好。” →He said my computer was better than his. 他说我的电脑比他的好。 2. 时态的变化： 直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的谓语要与主句的谓语在时态上一致。如果主句是一般现在时，时态可以不变，如果主句是一般过去时，时态变化规律如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去进行时 （不变） 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 （不变） 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 His mother said to him, “You’ll catch a bad cold.” 他妈妈对他说：“你会患重感冒的。” →His mother told him that he would catch a bad cold. 他妈妈对他说他会患重感冒的。 “I am proud of what I did but I was just doing what I had been taught,” John said. “我为自己所做的事情感到骄傲，但我只是学以致用，”约翰说。 →John said that he was proud of what he had done but he was just doing what he had been taught. 约翰说他为自己所做的事情感到骄傲，但他只是学以致用。 *①直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如： “Water boils at 100℃,” the teacher said to us. “水在100℃时达到沸点，”老师对我们说。 →The teacher told us that water boils at 100℃. 老师告诉我们水在100℃时达到沸点。 ②直接引语的谓语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语的谓语仍用一般过去时。例如： She said, “I went to the United States in 1989.” 她说：“我1989年去了美国。” She said she went to the United States in 1989. 她说她1989年去了美国。 3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 种类 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this that 时间状语 these those now then today that day yesterday the day before ... days/weeks/months/years ago ... days/weeks/months/years before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next/following day the day after tomorrow in two days’ time/two days later this week/month/year that week/month/year last week/month/year the week/month/year before next week/month/year the next/following week/month/year 地点状语 here there 动词 come go bring take I said, “I don’t want to do this.” 我说：“我不想这么做。” →I said that I didn’t want to do that. 我说我不想那么做。 “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained. “我们现在离地球太远了，感觉不到它的引力，”他解释道。 He explained that they were too far from the earth then to feel its pull. 他解释说他们当时离地球太远了，感觉不到它的引力。 He said, “I will come here again tonight.” 他说：“我今晚再来这里。” →He said that he would go there again that night. 他说他那天晚上再去这里。 *如果就在原来的地方，或就在说话的当天转述，就不必改变时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。例如： She said, “It will snow here tomorrow.” 她说：“明天这里将会下雪。” →She said that it will snow here tomorrow. 她说明天这里将会下雪。 2、 直接引语为疑问句 如果直接引语为疑问句，变成间接引语时，直接引语变成动词ask、wonder、want to know、等的宾语从句，除了人称、时态、指示代词、状语和动词变化外，还要将疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。 1. 一般疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常由whether或if引导宾语从句。例如： I asked her, “Have you looked at a map yet?” 我问她：“你看过地图了吗？” →I asked her whether/if she had looked at a map yet. 我问她是否看过地图。 “You can swim, can’t you?” he asked. “你会游泳，是吗？”他问。 →He asked me whether/if I could swim. 他问我是否会游泳。 “Do you want to go there by air or by train?” she asked him. “你想乘飞机还是坐火车去那里？”她问他。 She asked him whether he wanted to go there by air or by train. 她问他是乘飞机还是坐火车去那里。 *大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有or not时，多用whether。例如： She asked me whether he could do it or not. 她问我是否能够做这件事。 2. 特殊疑问句 直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时。直接引语变为原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如： “What are they doing?” I asked George. “他们在干什么？”我问乔治。 →I asked George what they were doing. “How far are you going?” the bus conductor asked her. “你在哪里下车？”公交售票员问她。 The bus conductor asked her how far she was going. 公交售票员问她在哪里下车。 3、 直接引语为祈使句 直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，直接引语变为不定式，作动词ask、tell、order等的宾语补足语。如果是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，要在不定式符号to前加not。例如： “Try again, Watson!” said Holmes. “再试一次，华生！”福尔摩斯说。 →Holmes told Watson to try again. 福尔摩斯让华生再试一次。 She said, “Go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.” 她说：“左转弯，然后一直向前走两个街区。” →She told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. 她让我们左转弯，然后一直向前走两个街区。 Our teacher said to us, “Don’t laugh.” 老师对我们说：“不要笑。” Our teacher told us not to laugh. 老师叫我们不要笑。 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1. He asked _____________ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____________. A. who it is B. who he is C. who is it D. who is he 3. Please tell me _____________ from. A. where do you come B. where you come C. where you will come D. there you come 4. He asked me _____________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how 5. He said he _____________ in 1993. A. has born B. had been born C. was born D. had born 6. The teacher asked us _____________ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 7. The driver said that he _____________ pick _____________ a passenger at West Street. A. will; up B. would; up C. will; out D. would; out 8. Can you tell me _____________? A. how good is his spoken English B. how well his spoken English is C. how well he speaks English D. how good he can speak English 9. Ask her _____________ come with us. A. if she will B. if or not she will C. that if she will D. whether will she 10. John _____________ me he was going to help me with my English. A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said 二、句型转换 1. “You should not give up hope,” my father told me. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. He said, “I went to Beijing in 1994.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. She said,“Do you have any difficulty with your writing?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. John asked, “Do you speak English or French?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” my teacher said. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. He said, “I will go to see you at your home tomorrow.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 二、1. My father told me that I should not give up hope. 2. He told us that he went to Beijing in 1994. 3. She asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my writing. 4. John asked me whether I spoke English or French. 5. My teacher told me to be careful with my handwriting. 6. He said he would come to see me at my home the next day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $