05 Unit 1 Period Five Writing（Word课后习题）-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册学生用书（人教版）

Period Five　Writing ●Ⅰ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分) [2026·江苏泰州高二期末] We all know people with quite different motivation levels: some wake at 5 am to train for a marathon; others are reluctant to perform even the simplest tasks, like making a cup of tea. We might think of the latter as “lazy”, but the research of the neuroscientist Masud Husain at the University of Oxford tells a different story. Take David as an example. He was once productive and outgoing but suddenly lost interest in his job as well as people around him. He became passive and indifferent—yet was not depressed, and even described himself as happy. His family thought he was “just being lazy”. Only when Husain’s team performed a brain scan was the true cause revealed: minor damage to the basal ganglia, a deep brain region essential for turning intention into action. “David can complete a task if asked,” Husain explains, “but he won’t decide to do it himself. His brain no longer signals that the effort is worthwhile.” This is not a single case. Further research points to a common biological basis. Husain’s lab studied 42 similar patients and found consistently weak activity in dopamine, a chemical important for generating motivation. To see how this mechanism (机制) works, Oxford researchers scanned brains of students while they chose between tasks requiring different effort levels for varying rewards. Those who preferred “small reward + no effort” over “big reward + work” showed less activity in the brain’s effort-assessment areas. In other words, their brains perceived effort as a greater cost than reward. Fortunately, science offers practical ways to help reshape our motivation patterns. These include structuring daily routines to reduce the effort of making choices, engaging in regular aerobic exercise to help dopamine function naturally, and using external reminders such as alarms or visual reminders, for example, placing a book on your pillow, to overcome the mental hindrance to reading. Husain isn’t saying laziness doesn’t exist, but his work shows indifference often isn’t a choice. “Small, science-backed changes,” he notes, “can help our brains remember that effort is worth it.” (　)1.Why is David’s case mentioned? A.To show how depression affects motivation. B.To prove that lazy people can still be happy. C.To explain how family support helps recovery. D.To illustrate a case of brain-based motivation loss. (　)2.According to Husain’s research, what is the function of dopamine? A.It helps make important decisions. B.It fuels our willingness to try. C.It limits the basal ganglia output. D.It improves the ability to assess rewards. (　)3.What does the underlined word “hindrance” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.Response. 　　　　B.Barrier. C.Addiction. D.Contribution. (　)4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Behind laziness: brain unmotivated B.Dopamine chemical: action driven C.Laziness cures: routine and exercise D.David’s story: depression and drive ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) [2025·广东茂名高二期末] How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends? What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? 1.　　　　 Thanks to progress in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.   Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. 2.　　　　 All you need is a Wi-Fi connection. The digital age also helps us find people who share our interests, such as playing an unusual instrument. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect people who share the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world.   3.　　　　 It depends. If people always exchange true personal information online, these friendships can be real and meaningful. Yet we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 4.　　　　 Remember the saying: on the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog. A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing our information with bad guys.   This doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater, though. Technology has changed the way we make friends, but the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 5.　　　　   A.The Internet helps us make more friends. B.But smiling photos can hide real problems. C.This was how things worked not very long ago. D.However, does the Internet really bring people closer? E.However, are the “friends” you make online really your friends? F.Social media lets us see what our friends are busy with and maintains our friendships. G.No one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other good things. ●Ⅲ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分) [2026·重庆长寿区高二期末] A new, small robotic camera designed to be swallowed for use in medical examinations was 1.　　　　　　 (recent) demonstrated at a conference in Canada. The device called PillBot can be guided through a body remotely, meaning electronically from outside. Its creators hope the device will replace traditional endoscopies (内窥镜检查). An endoscopy is when a camera attached to a wire is directed down the throat and into a sleeping 2.　　　　 (patient) stomach.   The PillBot is designed to be the first motorized endoscopic camera. Here 3.　　　　 (be) how developers say it works: a patient does not eat for one day, and then swallows the PillBot with lots of water. The PillBot acts like 4.　　　　　　 small submarine (潜艇) controlled by a wireless remote control. When the exam is completed, the body will expel (排出) the PillBot 5.　　　　　　 the same way it expels other solid waste.   Dr Vivek Kumbhari is the co-founder of Endiatx, the company behind the PillBot. It is the latest step towards his larger goal of 6.　　　　　　 (make) complex medicine more accessible.   “If endoscopies can 7.　　　　　　 (move) from a hospital setting to a patient’s home,” he said, “then I think we have achieved that goal.” The device provides “a safer, 8.　　　　　　　　　 (comfortable) approach”, he added.   Alex Luebke is another co-founder of the company. He said the PillBot can help people in rural areas 9.　　　　　　 medical centres and treatment are lacking. The micro-robotic pill is undergoing testing. If 10.　　　　　　 (approve), the PillBot could be available by 2026.   ●Ⅳ 写作 第一节　应用文写作(满分15分) [2026·浙江杭州高级中学高二期末] 假定你是李华,为了激发同学们学习科学的热情,你校的英语校报想增设一个栏目,外教 Sabrina提出 “Great Scientists” 和 “Fun in Science” 两个选项供大家选择,请你给 Sabrina写一封邮件,内容包括: 1.你的选择; 2.说明理由。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Sabrina,     Best regards, Li Hua 第二节　读后续写(满分25分) [2026·安徽皖中名校高二期末] 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The corridor outside the science labs was always bustling between classes, filled with the sounds of lockers clanging (发出叮当声) and students chatting. However, a small problem had been growing quietly for weeks: the recycling corner. It was supposed to have three neatly labeled bins for paper, plastic, and cans, but it had turned into a messy thing. Students, often in a hurry, would toss their bottles and papers without looking, often missing the bins entirely. The result was a pile of recyclables lying on the floor, which the cleaning staff sighed about daily. Leo and Maya, members of the Environmental Club, passed by the mess every day. It frustrated them. “It’s not that people don’t want to recycle,” Leo observed one afternoon, watching a student try and fail to throw a plastic bottle into the overflowing bin from two steps away. “It’s just that this setup isn’t working.” Maya nodded, her eyes fixed on the chaos. “The bins are identical, the signs are small and worn out, and there’s no interest in taking that extra second to aim correctly.” Their idea was simple. They believed the solution wasn’t scolding or more rules, but a clever design. “What if we make it impossible to ignore and fun to do?” Maya suggested, recalling a psychology concept about nudging (渐渐推动) positive behaviour—the idea that small, thoughtful changes in the environment can effortlessly guide people towards better choices. After getting a quick approval from their science teacher and the cleaning staff, they spent an afternoon brainstorming. They decided to redesign the recycling station to be more engaging and user-friendly. They wanted to create something that would catch the eye, guide the hand, and maybe even bring a smile. Their plan required no special tools, no complex technology, and almost no money—just creativity, some art supplies, and a bit of teamwork. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: With a box of donated paint, brushes, and some old cardboard, Leo and Maya started their project after school.       Paragraph 2: The change at the recycling corner became the talk of the school the next morning.       学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Five　Writing Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了牛津大学神经科学家Masud Husain的研究成果:人们缺乏动力并非“懒惰”,而是大脑基底神经节受损、多巴胺活动较弱等生理因素导致的,同时文章还给出了改善动力模式的实用方法。 1.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Only when Husain’s team performed a brain scan was the true cause revealed: minor damage to the basal ganglia, a deep brain region essential for turning intention into action.”(只有在Husain的团队进行脑部扫描后,真正的病因才得以揭示:基底神经节受到了轻微损伤,而基底神经节是将意图转化为行动的大脑深处的关键区域。)并结合下文“…but he won’t decide to do it himself. His brain no longer signals that the effort is worthwhile.”(……但他不会自己主动决定去做这件事。他的大脑不再发出这样的信号:这种努力是值得的。)可推知,列举David的案例是为了具体说明“因大脑问题而动力丧失”的情况。故选D。 2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Husain’s lab studied 42 similar patients and found consistently weak activity in dopamine, a chemical important for generating motivation.”(Husain的实验室研究了42名类似的患者,发现多巴胺的活性普遍很弱,多巴胺是一种对产生动力很重要的化学物质。)可知,多巴胺的作用是激发我们尝试并付出努力的意愿。故选B。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“These include structuring daily routines to reduce the effort of making choices, engaging in regular aerobic exercise to help dopamine function naturally, and using external reminders such as alarms or visual reminders, for example, placing a book on your pillow, to overcome the mental hindrance to reading.”并结合overcome(克服)一词的含义可判断,前文提到使用外部提醒手段,比如设置闹钟或使用视觉提示,因此推断此处表示这些手段是用来克服心理障碍的,hindrance意为“障碍,阻碍”,与barrier同义。故选B。 4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文,文章开篇提出人们动力水平不同的现象,指出看似“懒惰”的人并非真的懒惰;随后通过David的案例和研究说明动力不足的本质是大脑相关区域或化学物质的问题;最后给出改善方法,结合第一段提到的“We might think of the latter as ‘lazy’, but the research of the neuroscientist Masud Husain at the University of Oxford tells a different story.”可推断,全文核心围绕“懒惰背后是大脑缺乏动力”展开。A选项“懒惰背后:大脑缺乏动力”贴合全文主旨。故选A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了科技进步对人们交友方式的影响。 1.C　根据上文“What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?”可知,此处说的是不久前人们之间进行交流的方式,与C项“This was how things worked not very long ago.”(不久前,事情就是这样运转的。)呼应。故选C项。 2.F　根据上一句和下文“All you need is a Wi-Fi connection.”可推出,空处与社交媒体有关,F项“Social media lets us see what our friends are busy with and maintains our friendships.”(社交媒体让我们了解朋友正在忙什么,并维系着我们的友谊。)符合语境。故选F项。 3.E　根据下文“It depends. If people always exchange true personal information online, these friendships can be real and meaningful. Yet we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth.”可推出,空处对网上结交的朋友是否是真正的朋友提出了质疑,与E项“However, are the ‘friends’ you make online really your friends?”(然而,你在网上结交的“朋友”真的是你的朋友吗?)表达的含义一致。故选E项。 4.B　根据上文“On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.”可推出,此处说的是积极的帖子后面可能藏着真正的问题,与B项“But smiling photos can hide real problems.”(但微笑的照片可能掩盖真正的问题。)表达的含义一致。故选B项。 5.G　根据上文“Technology has changed the way we make friends, but the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.”可知,此处讲的是友谊的重要性,与G项“No one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other good things.”(没有人会选择没有朋友的生活,即使他拥有所有其他美好的东西。)呼应。故选G项。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了最近在加拿大的一次会议上展示的一种新型的小型机器人相机,该相机可被吞咽,用于医学检查。 1.recently　考查副词。空处修饰动词demonstrated,应用副词形式recently作状语。故填recently。 2.patient’s　考查名词所有格。结合句意可知,此处表示“患者的”,需用名词的所有格形式patient’s。故填patient’s。 3.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句中say和works可知,句子使用一般现在时,且本句使用完全倒装结构,how引导从句作主语,be动词使用is。故填is。 4.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一艘小型潜艇”,空处应用不定冠词,且small是辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。故填a。 5.in　考查介词。in the same way是固定短语,表示“用相同的方式”,符合题意。故填in。 6.making　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语,应用动名词形式making。故填making。 7.be moved　考查被动语态。move与从句主语endoscopies之间是被动关系,且情态动词can后接动词原形,即can be moved。故填be moved。 8.more comfortable　考查比较级。空处与safer并列,表示“更舒适的”,所以空处应用形容词的比较级形式more comfortable。故填more comfortable。 9.where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词rural areas,表示地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 10.approved　考查状语从句的省略。if条件句中,主语与主句主语the PillBot一致,且approve与主语the PillBot之间是被动关系,在状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词可省略。故填approved。 Ⅳ.第一节 Possible version 1: Dear Sabrina,  I’m writing to express my choice about the new column of our school English newspaper. I prefer “Fun in Science” to “Great Scientists”. The main reason is that this column can better arouse students’ enthusiasm for science. It can present interesting scientific experiments, small inventions and amazing scientific facts, which is not only easy for us to understand but also highly attractive. Unlike the simple introduction to scientists, it can let us closely experience the joy and charm of science in daily life directly, making us more willing to explore the world of science. I hope my suggestion will be helpful. Best regards,  Li Hua  Possible version 2: Dear Sabrina,  I’m writing to express my preference for the new column of our school English newspaper. Between the two options you offered, I would rather choose “Great Scientists”. Firstly, reading stories of outstanding scientists enables us to gain valuable knowledge, which can greatly arouse our passion for science. Secondly, by learning about their life experiences and persistent spirits, we can build a positive attitude towards study and life. Moreover, being exposed to English passages related to science, we can improve our English skills while broadening our horizons. I firmly believe that this column will be well received by all students. Thank you for your time and kindness. Best regards,  Li Hua  第二节 【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了学校科学实验室外的回收角因设置不合理,变得杂乱不堪,环保俱乐部的里奥和玛雅发现这一问题后,决定通过创意设计改造回收角,引导同学们规范回收,在获得老师和保洁人员同意后,准备开始动手改造的故事。 【详解】 1.段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“带着一盒捐赠的颜料、画笔和一些旧纸板,里奥和玛雅放学后开始了他们的项目。”可知,第一段可描写两人给每个回收箱涂上不同亮色、画上清晰标志,用纸板做宽口设计,还画了脚印并增添趣味标语,完成了回收角的改造。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上,回收角的变化成了全校谈论的话题。”可知,第二段可描写同学们被改造后的回收角吸引,自觉规范投放可回收物,地面变得干净,保洁人员表示赞许,两人也领悟到小创意能带来大改变。 2.续写线索:开始改造回收角—涂色、画标志、做宽口设计—添加趣味装饰—改造完成—回收角的变化成热门话题—同学们规范投放可回收物—地面整洁、获得赞许—领悟到创意的力量。 One possible version: With a box of donated paint, brushes, and some old cardboard, Leo and Maya started their project after school. They began by giving each bin a vibrant, distinct colour and painting huge, clear symbols: a green tree for paper, a blue wave for plastic, and a silver circle for cans. Then, using the cardboard(v.-ing短语作状语), they shaped wide openings like big, open mouths that stuck out from the wall(定语从句), making it almost impossible to miss from any angle(v.-ing短语作结果状语). As a final touch, Leo drew a series of playful footprints on the floor leading right up to the bins, while Maya added a small sign that read, “Feed me your recyclables!”(并列句+定语从句) The change at the recycling corner became the talk of the school the next morning. Students gathered around, pointing and smiling at the bright colours and these clever big, open mouths(v.-ing短语作伴随状语). They no longer tossed things from a distance. Instead, they followed the footprints, dropping bottles and paper right in with satisfying slides. The floor remained spotless. The cleaning staff member on duty gave Leo and Maya a thumbs-up, a wide smile replacing the usual sigh(独立主格结构). It was clear that this simple, clever redesign had done more than just tidy a corner(that 引导的主语从句). It had sparked a quiet wave of awareness, showing how a little thoughtfulness could transform individual action into shared responsibility(v.-ing短语作状语+宾语从句). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $