02-Unit 1 Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points（课件PPT）-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册配套课件（人教版）

Period Two Reading and Thinking— Language points 1 语言知识梳理 课后习题 2 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 (教材P2)As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时 没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。 (1)be frustrated with/at 对……感到沮丧/懊恼/失望 (2)frustrate vt. 使沮丧;使懊恼 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 frustration n. 沮丧;懊恼;失望 语言知识梳理 3 【佳句背诵】 Feeling frustrated at the misunderstanding among classmates, the monitor organized a class meeting to remove misunderstandings. 因为同学之间的误会而感到沮丧,班长组织了一次班会来消除误解。 语言知识梳理 4 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①[2021·天津卷] After letting go of his anger and ___________ (frustrate), he found himself on a road to sympathy instead. frustration ②[2021·天津卷] After several ___________ (frustrate) hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance. frustrating ③ __________ (frustrate) with the constant noise from the nearby construction site, the residents complained to the local council. Frustrated 语言知识梳理 5 ◆完成句子 ④I'm sorry to hear about your worries and I understand _______________________. (应用文写作之建议信) 很遗憾得知你的担忧,我理解你有多沮丧。 how frustrated you are ⑤ _______________________, she sat in the corner, tears streaming down her face.(读后续写之心理与表情描写) 既沮丧又绝望,她坐在角落里,泪水从脸上滑落。 Frustrated and hopeless 语言知识梳理 6 2.infection n.感染;传染 (教材P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种看法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。 (1)infect vt. 使感染;传染 infect sb with… 使某人感染……;使某人充满…… (的感情) get/be/become infected with 感染上……,传染上…… (2)infected adj. 被感染的;受细菌污染的;感染病菌的 infectious adj. 传染性的；有感染力的 语言知识梳理 7 【佳句背诵】 A good teacher should be able to infect his students with his own keenness on his subject. 一个好教师应该能以自己对本学科的热爱来感染学生。 语言知识梳理 8 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①The importance of washing one's hands before a meal is that it prevents _________ (infect). ②The old man's sad story infected the listeners _____ sorrow, and many people couldn't help but shed tears. infection with 语言知识梳理 9 ③The doctor is treating an _________ (infect) patient with great care to prevent the spread of the disease. ④Her __________ (infect) enthusiasm for life inspired everyone around her to pursue their dreams fearlessly. infected infectious 语言知识梳理 10 ◆完成句子 ⑤With the joint efforts of scientists and medical staff, the number of people _________________________________ has significantly decreased. 在科学家和医护人员的共同努力下,感染病毒的人数大幅下降。 (who were) infected with the virus ⑥Her bright smile _____________________________________, making the gloomy room suddenly filled with laughter. (读后续写之场景描写) 她灿烂的笑容让她周围的每个人都充满了喜悦，使昏暗的房间突然 充满了笑声。 infected everyone around her with joy 语言知识梳理 11 3.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) (教材P2) Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。 (1)subscribe to 同意,赞成;订阅,订购;定期捐款 (2)subscription n. (报刊等的)订阅费;订阅,订购;捐款 subscriber n. 订阅人,订购者;定期捐款者,定期捐助者 语言知识梳理 12 【佳句背诵】 Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 许多科学家赞同这样的观点,即人类活动导致了全球变暖。 语言知识梳理 13 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空/一词多义 ①It is said that the rich man regularly subscribes ____ the collection for the hospital. ②By paying a monthly ____________ (subscribe) fee of $10.99, viewers could watch their favourite shows on demand. ③My main reason for ___________ (subscribe) to New Scientist is to stay informed about advances in science. to subscription subscribing 语言知识梳理 14 ④The company advises us to subscribe 50 yuan a month to the relief fund. __________ ⑤She decided to subscribe to the new streaming service for access to her favourite TV shows. ____________ ⑥He subscribed to the idea that hard work leads to success. ____________ 定期捐款 订阅；订购 同意；认同 语言知识梳理 15 ◆完成句子 ⑦My recommendation is that _______________________________ _____, which not only provides you with the latest news both at home and abroad, but helps expand your English vocabulary. (应用文写作之建议信) 我的建议是你订阅《中国日报》,它不仅为你提供国内外的最新消息, 而且有助于扩大你的英语词汇量。 you (should) subscribe to China Daily 语言知识梳理 16 ⑧In conclusion, after careful consideration, I __________________ _________ environmental protection should be given top priority in our development plans.(议论文写作之结论句) 总之，经过仔细考虑，我赞同在我们的发展计划中应将环境保护置 于首位这一观点。 subscribe to the view that 语言知识梳理 17 4.suspect v.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 (教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 (1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb to be… 怀疑某人是…… (2)suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的,怀疑的;可疑的 (3)suspected adj. 有嫌疑的,疑似……的 (4)suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑 语言知识梳理 18 【佳句背诵】 The villagers suspect the stranger asking about the old house to be a treasure hunter. 村民们怀疑那个打听老房子的陌生人是个寻宝者。 语言知识梳理 19 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①The police suspect him ___ theft as some valuable items went missing after he visited the house. ②We searched the _________ (suspect) apartment and discovered a hidden diary that might reveal his motives. of suspect's ③The building, in which the police found several __________ (suspect) packages, was blocked off immediately to ensure public safety. suspicious 语言知识梳理 20 ◆完成句子/一句多译 ④She gave me a long look, ____________________________ about my claim that a gust of wind had blown everything out of place.(读后续写之心理描写) 她久久地注视着我，眼中满是怀疑，她对我所说的一阵狂风把所有 东西都吹得乱七八糟的说法表示怀疑。 her eyes filled with suspicion 语言知识梳理 21 ⑤看到我脸上那副紧张的表情，妈妈怀疑我有所隐瞒。我原本打算 在她生日前用一份礼物给她一个惊喜，可现在我担心她会察觉到。 (读后续写之心理描写) →Seeing the nervous look on my face, ______________________ __________________________. I had planned to surprise her with a gift before her birthday, but now I worried she'd figure it out.(suspect that) my mother suspected that I was hiding something 语言知识梳理 22 →Seeing the nervous look on my face, ______________________ ______________________. I had planned to surprise her with a gift before her birthday, but now I worried she'd figure it out.(suspect sb of doing) my mother suspected me of hiding something 语言知识梳理 23 5.blame v.把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n. (坏事或错事的)责任,责备,指责 (教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 (1)blame sb/sth for (doing) sth 因(做了)某事而责备某人/某物 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物 be to blame (for…) (因……)应受责备,(为……) 应承担责任 (2)bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任 语言知识梳理 24 【佳句背诵】 Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame. 不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人,有时候该怪你自己。 语言知识梳理 25 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①The police blamed the traffic accident ____ Jack's careless driving. ② ________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. on Blamed ③Some people blame the smartphone ____ the incident, yet in fact people's weakening self-control and self-discipline are __________ (blame). for to blame 语言知识梳理 26 ◆完成句子 ④Instead of _______________________________________________ ___________, we should focus on finding solutions to the problem.(应用文写作之建议信) 我们不应因学生学习成绩不佳而责备他们，而应专注于寻找解决问 题的办法。 blaming the students for their poor academic performance ⑤The truth was that the polluted water rather than food and vegetables _________________ the outbreak of the disease. 事实上,是受污染的水而不是食物和蔬菜应为这种疾病的爆发负责任。 was to blame for 语言知识梳理 27 6.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联 (教材P3)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司 之间的联系。 (1)There is a link between…and… ……和……之间有联系。 (2)link…to/with… 把……和……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with… 与……有联系/有关 语言知识梳理 28 ［温馨提示］表示“联系”的短语: be related to,be associated with,be connected with, be involved in (与……有关联)。#3.1.6 【佳句背诵】 The highway being built will link the big city to/with this little town. 正在修建的公路将把那个大城市和这个小镇连接起来。 语言知识梳理 29 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①By the 13th century the Grand Canal consisted of more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, _______(link) five of China's main river basins. linking ②The fitness trainer designed a personalized workout plan for me with each exercise _______ (link) to my specific fitness goals. linked 语言知识梳理 30 ③[2025·全国二卷] Volunteering during teenage years has been linked ________ some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. to/with ◆完成句子 ④The above chart shows that the poor performance of many students at school _______________________ their frequent use of smartphones.(应用文写作之图表分析) 上述图表显示,许多学生在学校表现不佳与他们频繁使用智能手机密 切相关。 is closely linked to/with 语言知识梳理 31 ⑤As is clearly shown in the bar chart, _______________________ ________ the amount of time spent on online learning platforms and the improvement in academic performance.(应用文写作之图 表分析)正如柱状图所清晰显示的，在在线学习平台上花费的时间量 与学业成绩的提升之间存在明显的联系。 there is an evident link between 语言知识梳理 32 7.decrease n. 减少；降低;减少量 v. (使大小、数量等)减少,减小,降低 (教材P3)Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 通过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始出 售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 (1)a sharp/marked decrease in… 在……方面急剧/明显减少 on the decrease 在减少 (2)decrease to… 下降到……;减少到…… decrease by… 下降了……;减少了…… 语言知识梳理 33 (3)increase v. & n. 增加 on the increase 在增加 ［温馨提示］ 在动词decrease/drop/fall/reduce“下降,减少”和 increase/rise“增加,上升”之后,接介词by/to表示增减度。 语言知识梳理 34 【佳句背诵】 The polar ice caps are on the decrease due to global warming, which is causing sea level to rise at an alarming rate. 由于全球变暖，极地冰盖正在减少，这正导致海平面以惊人的速度 上升。 语言知识梳理 35 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①The population growth rate decreased ____ 1.4% last year, according to the report. ②The water level in the river decreased ____ its lowest point in ten years. by to 语言知识梳理 36 ◆完成句子/句式改写 ③Due to the popularity of e-books and online reading resources, the number of books borrowed from the school library __________________ this semester. 由于电子书和在线阅读资源的普及，本学期学校图书馆的图书借阅 量下降了15%。 decreased by 15% 语言知识梳理 37 ④The intake of fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet of many young people _______________________________, which are replaced by junk food and sugary drinks. (应用文写作之现象描述) → ______________________ the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet of many young people, with junk food and sugary drinks replacing them.(用there be句型改写) 许多年轻人饮食中新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入量在减少，取而代之的是 垃圾食品和含糖饮料。 is on the decrease/is decreasing There is a decrease in 语言知识梳理 38 8.thanks to 幸亏;由于 (教材P3) Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。 due to 由于,因为 owing to 由于,因为 because of 由于,因为 on account of 由于 as a result of 作为……的结果,因为 as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于,因为 语言知识梳理 39 【佳句背诵】 ［外研必修一］Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. 多亏了技术的进步,我们结交朋友及与朋友沟通的方式有了明显的变化。 语言知识梳理 40 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①［译林必修三］Thanks ____ her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. to ②［北师必修一］I've been moving from one city to the next because ___ my dad's job. ③ _______ (owe) to the rapid development of technology, online shopping has become an essential part of our daily lives. of Owing 语言知识梳理 41 ◆完成句子 ④[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] I told him that _______________ _________________________, everything had gone smoothly. 我告诉他,多亏了他的慷慨与及时帮助,一切都进展得很顺利。 thanks to his generosity and timely help 语言知识梳理 42 9.transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变 (教材P3)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 (1)transform…into… 把……转变成…… (2)transformation n. 转变;转换;改革;变形 语言知识梳理 43 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas _____ one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. into ②[2020·江苏卷] The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______________ (transform). transformation 语言知识梳理 44 ③[2023·浙江1月考] Over the past few years, many solar farm developers _________________ (transform) the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. have transformed 语言知识梳理 45 ◆完成句子 ④It was your generous help and kindness _________________ __________________________________________________. (应用文 写作之感谢信) 正是你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一段难忘的 回忆。 that transformed my first trip to Canada into an unforgettable memory 语言知识梳理 46 ⑤[2024·北京卷书面表达] With the historic leap in economic power, the past two decades have seen ___________________ _________________ a global economic powerhouse. China's rise and transformation into 随着经济实力实现历史性飞跃，在过去二十年里，中国崛起并转型 成为全球经济强国。 语言知识梳理 47 1.(教材P2)One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 一种看法是糟糕的空气引起了这种疾病。 (教材P3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 真相是来自宽街水泵的水已 经被废物污染了。 句型公式 that引导的表语从句 语言知识梳理 48 【句式点拨】 以上两句都是复合句,都属于“主语+系动词+表语从句”的结构,即“名 词+be (is/was/are/were)+表语从句”。其中的表语从句解释说明主语 的含义或内容;常用来作主语的名词有advice,answer,conclusion, decision,expectation,explanation,evidence,fact,hope,idea,information, news,possibility,problem,promise,report, solution, suggestion, truth, wish等。 语言知识梳理 49 【相关拓展】 (1)表语从句放在系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的 连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。 (2)引导表语从句的有:从属连词that, whether;连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which;连接副词when, where, how, why;其他连接词 as if, as though, because。 (3)that和what都可引导表语从句,其中that是从属连词,只起连接作用, 不在从句中充当任何成分;what是连接代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语 或表语。 语言知识梳理 50 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was _____ it was based on his own life. ②All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is _________ we're able to carry them out. that whether ③The truth is _____ we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. that 语言知识梳理 51 ④There are three roads ahead. What I want to know is _______ one we should take. which ◆完成句子 ⑤ ____________________________ they fully enjoyed their performance without getting into a panic, winning storms of cheers and applause.(读后续写之场景描写) 让我高兴的是,他们完全享受了自己的表演,没有惊慌失措,结果赢得了 雷鸣般的欢呼声和掌声。 What delighted me was that 语言知识梳理 52 2.(教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现,霍乱的爆发在两条特定的街道上尤为严重, 以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。 句型公式 so…that…引导结果状语从句 【句式点拨】 句中so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。 语言知识梳理 53 【相关拓展】 (1)so修饰形容词和副词，表示程度。 adj./adv. adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数 many/few+可数名词复数 much/little+不可数名词 +that… so 语言知识梳理 54 (2)such修饰名词。 a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数 adj.+不可数名词 adj.+可数名词复数 +that… such 语言知识梳理 55 ［温馨提示］ (1)名词前面有little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。如: There is so little time left that we must hurry. 时间不多了,我们必须快一点。 They are such little children that they can't understand it. 他们是这么小的孩子,他们无法理解这件事。 语言知识梳理 56 (2)在so…that…和such…that…结构中,当so/such置于句首时,其所在的 句子要用部分倒装。如: I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. →So nervous was I that I could hardly tell which direction was left. 我太紧张了,几乎分不清哪个方向是左。 语言知识梳理 57 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①You can't imagine ______ little birds can eat ____ many insects in ______ a short time. ②When the football fans saw Beckham, they got ____ excited that they cried out. ③There was ______ a heavy fog that one couldn't see further than five metres. such so such so such 语言知识梳理 58 ◆完成句子/一句多译 ④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] I ___________________________ _________ I immediately shared it with my teacher. 听到这个消息，我高兴得立即和老师分享了它。 was so happy to hear the news that 语言知识梳理 59 ⑤[2022·浙江6月考应用文写作] 自习室是一个非常吸引人的地方,许 多学生会聚集在那里进一步提高他们的学习成绩。 →The self-study room is ____________________________ many students will gather there to further improve their academic performance.(such) →The self-study room is _________________________ many students will gather there to further improve their academic performance.(so) such an appealing place that so appealing a place that 语言知识梳理 60 课 后 习 题 61 Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分12分) 1.Jack was so _________ (severe) injured in the accident that he could not walk by himself. severely 2.In the early 19th century, cholera broke out in Europe, ________ (lead) to millions of deaths. leading 3.Washing hands frequently can effectively prevent bacterial _________ (infect) because it removes harmful germs. infection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 62 4.When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and __________ (frustrate). frustrated 5.At first, we _______________ (suspect), but we finally convinced them of our honesty. were suspected 6.With many tasks __________ (handle), Tom is not available for our party at present. to handle 7.There is convincing ______ (prove) that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun. proof 8.The witnesses gave us two completely _____________ (contradict) descriptions. contradictory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 63 Ⅱ 短语填空(每小题2分,满分12分) 1.Avoid close contact with anyone with a cold or flu-like symptoms in case you _________________ (感染) the virus. are infected with 2.Reading at grade level when kids are young ________________ _______ (与……息息相关) how well they will do in school later. is closely linked to/with 3. __________ (幸亏,由于) their great teamwork, the project was completed on time. Thanks to 4.It was the professor that _________________ (因……而应受责 备) what had happened in the lab. was to blame for 1 2 3 4 5 6 课 后 习 题 64 5.We're going to look into the root cause of the failure and get it resolved ________________ (最终地,彻底地). once and for all 6.All the people present _______________ (赞同) the proposal put forward by the chairman. subscribe(d) to 1 2 3 4 5 6 课 后 习 题 65 Ⅲ 句型训练(每小题3分,满分9分) 1.One of their plans is _____________________________________ ______.(表语从句) 他们的计划之一是要引进更多的高级人才。 that they will bring in more advanced talents 2.Our company is sure to ___________________________________ to every destination safely.(have sth done) 我们公司一定会把客户的货物安全地送到每一个目的地。 have the customers' goods delivered 1 2 3 课 后 习 题 66 3.His wounds ____________________ he could hardly move before being sent to the hospital. (so…that…) 他的伤势非常严重，以至于在被送往医院前他几乎无法动弹。 were so serious that 1 2 3 课 后 习 题 67 Ⅳ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分) [2026·江西赣州高二期末] Plastic pollution remains one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. For many years, scientists have tried to create workable biodegradable (可生物降解的) alternatives. However, many plastics, including those using natural materials like bamboo or seaweed, have often been difficult to break down effectively on a large scale, limiting their real-world use. 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 68 An important step forward now comes from research at Rutgers University, inspired by nature's own efficient systems. Noticing that natural materials such as DNA break down relatively easily, researchers found the reason: these biological molecules (分子) contain special built-in chemical parts known as “neighbouring groups”. These groups help the material break down from within. By creating artificial versions of these parts and adding them during the plastic-making process, scientists can now design materials with a specific, planned lifespan— whether meant to last days, months, or years. 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 This new technology is to create plastics with finely-tuned lifespans that could quickly break down, showing great promise for short-use items. Products like food packaging and other short-lived consumer materials could be made to stay strong during use but degrade safely soon after, offering a clear environmental benefit. However, the technology has limits. It is not yet suitable for long-term uses where materials must stay strong for decades, such as in buildings or cars. Another current drawback is its 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 need for UV light, including ordinary sunlight, to start the breaking-down process. This means plastics thrown away in landfills or covered up will not break down as they should. Key issues must be solved before wide use. The safety of the small pieces left after breakdown needs careful testing to make sure they are not harmful to nature. Scientists are still working to improve the system, mainly aiming to enable decomposition (分解) without light exposure. 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 Still, this progress in creating plastics with a planned lifespan is a significant move forward. By building controlled breakdown into the material itself, it opens a practical path towards smarter plastics that do their job and then safely disappear, which could help reduce the lasting problem of plastic pollution.#7 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。罗格斯大学研发出可预设降解时间 的新型塑料，它添入了特殊化学基团，需紫外线启动分解，虽存在 局限但为缓解塑料污染提供了实用路径。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 ( )1.What is the advantage of the new plastic developed by researchers? A.It's stronger than traditional plastic. B.Its breakdown time can be precisely set. C.It decomposes faster than regular plastic. D.It's made entirely from natural materials. √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 73 [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“By creating artificial versions of these parts and adding them during the plastic-making process, scientists can now design materials with a specific, planned lifespan—whether meant to last days, months, or years.”可知，这 款新塑料的优势是其分解时间可以被精确设定。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 74 ( )2.What enables the new plastic to break down? A.Being buried underground for months. B.Exposure to high temperatures in landfills. C.Natural materials like seaweed or bamboo. D.Special chemical groups added during production. √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 75 [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Noticing that natural materials such as DNA break down relatively easily, researchers found the reason: these biological molecules (分子) contain special built-in chemical parts known as ‘neighbouring groups’. These groups help the material break down from within. By creating artificial versions of these parts and adding them during the plastic- making process, scientists can now design materials with a specific, planned lifespan—whether meant to last days, months, or years.”可知，生产过程中添加的特殊化学基团让新塑料能够分解。 故选D项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 76 ( )3.What can we know about the decomposition process? A.It works better in wet conditions. B.It requires high temperatures to start. C.Dark environments prevent decomposition. D.The breakdown products are definitely safe. √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 77 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another current drawback is its need for UV light, including ordinary sunlight, to start the breaking-down process. This means plastics thrown away in landfills or covered up will not break down as they should.”［目 前的另一个缺点是，它需要紫外线(包括普通阳光)来启动分解过程。 这意味着被扔进垃圾填埋场或被遮盖的塑料将无法正常分解。］可 知，黑暗的环境会阻碍其分解。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 78 ( )4.What does the author think of the new technology? A.Useless. B.Promising. C.Perfect. D.Impractical. [解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, this progress in creating plastics with a planned lifespan is a significant move forward. By building controlled breakdown into the material itself, it opens a practical path towards smarter plastics that do their job and then safely disappear, which could help reduce the lasting problem of plastic pollution.”(尽管如此，在研发具有预设使用寿命 的塑料方面取得的这一进展仍是一项意义重大的突破。 √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 79 通过在材料本身融入可控降解设计，这种技术为研发更智能的塑料 开辟了切实可行的路径——这类塑料既能发挥其应有功能，随后又 能安全降解，进而有望缓解塑料污染这一长期存在的难题。)可知， 作者认为这项新技术是有前景的。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 Ⅴ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分) [2026·河北邯郸高二联考] China's first key national R & D project equipment for high-altitude wind energy—the world's largest 5,000-square- metre power-generating kite—1. ____________ (successful) completed all scheduled flight tests in Alxa Left Banner, North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on Wednesday. The China-made kite, 2. ___________ (develop) under a national programme led by China Energy Engineering Corp., successfully developed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 81 achieved full in-air deployment and retraction (部署与回收) during testing, 3. _________ (mark) a solid step towards the engineering 4. ___________ (apply) of high-altitude wind power technology in China. Looking like a giant kite, the power-generating kite can collect wind energy above 300 metres high and transmit it to the ground through a tether cable (电缆) that drives a generator. The 5. ______ (late) test carried out the deployment and retraction of both a 5,000-square-metre kite and two 1,200-square-metre kites. marking application latest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 High-altitude wind energy, often described as 6. ____ untouched “no man's land” of renewable power, offers significant potential thanks to its higher wind speeds, stable directions, 7. _____ greater energy density. Currently two main technological paths 8. ___________________ (explore) globally— airborne and ground-based systems—but there is still a long way to go. In the airborne approach, lightweight wind turbines (风力涡轮机) are fixed on flying platforms 9. ____________ (generate) electricity in the sky. The recent test focused on the an and are being explored to generate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 ground-based model, 10. _______ a working wind turbine deployed at high altitude captures wind energy to drive a ground-based generator.#1.4 where 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国首个高空 风能国家重点研发项目设备——世界上最大的5000平方米发电风筝， 在内蒙古阿拉善左旗成功完成所有预定飞行测试。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 1. ____________ successfully [解析] 考查副词。空处修饰动词completed，应用副词successfully作 状语。故填successfully。 2. ___________ developed [解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为achieved,因此空处需填非谓语 动词，develop和the China-made kite之间是被动关系，应用过去分 词形式作后置定语。故填developed。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 85 3. _________ marking [解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，空格前的分 句“实现空中完整部署与回收”这一动作，自然带来了“标志着坚实一 步”的结果。mark 与逻辑主语(前面整个分句)之间是主动关系，因此 用现在分词marking作结果状语。故填marking。 4. ___________ application [解析] 考查名词。空处应填名词application，作宾语，此处表示抽 象概念，不可数。故填application。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 86 5. ______ latest [解析] 考查形容词。此处指“此次最新的测试”，需要用形容词 latest(最新的)修饰名词 test。故填latest。 6. ____ an [解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“一片尚未开发的‘无人区’”，应用不定冠 词，untouched为发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。 故填an。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 87 7. _____ and [解析] 考查连词。higher wind speeds，stable directions和greater energy density之间为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 8. ___________________ are being explored [解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子谓语动词，根 据currently可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语technological paths和 explore之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数， be动词用are。故填are being explored。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 88 9. ____________ to generate [解析] 考查非谓语动词。轻型风力涡轮机被安装在飞行平台上的“目 的”是在空中发电，空处在句中表示目的，应用动词不定式形式作目 的状语。故填to generate。 10. _______ where [解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词model 在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填 where。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 89 Ⅵ 完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分) [2025·湖南长沙高二期末] For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. Trujillo, however, is an aerospace . .1. . who leads a team at the NASA laboratory . .2. . for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (火星探测器). How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to . .3. . exploring it? That's a tale of . .4. . written in the stars. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 90 Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was . .5. . of her enthusiasm for science. But she doubted how far she'd be able to . .6. . in a male-dominated field. Then her dad offered to send her to Miami. Only 17 at the time, she . .7. . the offer. Trujillo took a series of housekeeping . .8. . to put herself through Miami Dade College. Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her . .9. .. But she didn't . .10. .."I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity." 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 Then came another . .11. . moment. She became the first Hispanic (西班牙语国家的) woman to be . .12. . to the NASA Academy. Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre. This February, when the Perseverance rover . .13. . on the surface of Mars, it was accompanied by commentary (解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language . .14. .. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 Trujillo's own story is . .15. . that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.#8 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Trujillo凭借自己 的努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 ( )1.A.sponsor B.ambassador C.engineer D.leader [解析] 由上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”和下文“…who leads a team at the NASA laboratory…”可知,她是一位工程师。故选C。 sponsor 赞助者;ambassador 大使;engineer 工程师;leader 领导者。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 94 ( )2.A.suitable B.responsible C.capable D.remarkable [解析] 由上文“…who leads a team at the NASA laboratory…”和 下文“…for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器).” 可知,她领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B。suitable 合适的;responsible 负责任的;capable 有能力的; remarkable 显著的。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 95 ( )3.A.actually B.gradually C.accurately D.repeatedly [解析] 由上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to…”和第一段提到的她现在是一位航天领域的工程师 可知,此处指她从单纯的对宇宙的梦想转变为实际探索宇宙,故选A。 actually 事实上;gradually 逐渐地;accurately 准确地;repeatedly 重复地。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 96 ( )4.A.curiosity B.kindness C.enthusiasm D.talent [解析] 由上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to…”和下文“…of her enthusiasm for science.”可知,她 对探索星空充满了热情,故选C。 curiosity 好奇;kindness 善 良;enthusiasm 热情;talent 天赋。 ( )5.A.certain B.anxious C.content D.fond [解析] 由下文“…of her enthusiasm for science.”可知,她在小时候就 坚信自己对科学的热情,故选A。certain 确定的;anxious 焦虑 的;content 满意的;fond 喜欢的。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 97 ( )6.A.adapt B.motivate C.rise D.apply [解析] 由上文“But she doubted how far she'd be able to…”可知, 此处指她不知道自己在男性主导的领域能走多远,地位能提高多少。 故选C。 adapt 适应;motivate 激励;rise 升起,地位提高;apply 应用。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 98 ( )7.A.made up B.brightened up C.picked up D.took up [解析] 由上文“Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.”和下 文the offer可知,她接受爸爸让她去迈阿密的建议。故选D。make up 弥补;brighten up 使更加明亮;pick up 捡起;take up 从事,接受 (挑战、任务等)。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 99 ( )8.A.measures B.events C.jobs D.steps [解析] 由下文“Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way…”可知,她从事了一系列家政工作,来赚钱帮助自己完成 学业。故选C。measure 方法;event 事件;job 工作;step 步骤。 ( )9.A.studies B.teachings C.lectures D.investigations [解析] 由上文“…to put herself through Miami Dade College.”可 知,她做家政工作是为了赚钱支付学费。故选A。studies 学 业;teaching 教导;lecture 讲座;investigation 调查。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 100 ( )10.A.commit B.conclude C.compete D.complain [解析] 由下文“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”可知,她把遇到的一切都当作机会,这说明她没有抱怨。 故选D。commit 投入;conclude 总结;compete 竞争;complain 抱怨。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 101 ( )11.A.life-changing B.goal-setting C.eye-opening D.heart-warming [解析] 由下文“She became the first Hispanic (西班牙语国家的) woman to be…to the NASA Academy. Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre.”可知,另一个改 变她人生的时刻到来了。故选A。life-changing 改变人生的;goal- setting 设定目标的;eye-opening 令人瞠目的;heart-warming 暖心的。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 102 ( )12.A.connected B.admitted C.arranged D.planned [解析] 由下文to the NASA Academy可知,她被美国宇航局学院录取。 be admitted to为固定搭配,意为“被……录取”。故选B。 connect 联 系;admit 承认,准许进入;arrange 安排;plan 计划。 ( )13.A.stressed B.produced C.landed D.touched [解析] 由下文on the surface of Mars可知,此处指“毅力号”火星探测 器登陆火星表面。故选C。 stress 强调;produce 生产;land 登陆,落 地;touch 触碰。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 103 ( )14.A.advertisement B.broadcast C.comment D.performance [解析] 由上文“…it was accompanied by commentary (解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language…”可知,此处指在广 播中做解说。故选B。 advertisement 广告;broadcast 广 播;comment 评论;performance 表演。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 104 ( )15.A.truth B.information C.expectation D.proof [解析] 由下文“…that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.”可知,她的故事证明,在障碍之 外,存在着无限的机会。故选D。 truth 事实;information 信 息;expectation 期望;proof 证据,证明。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 105 $