专题03 阅读理解（六选四）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高三英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（六选四） Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海晋元高级中学·期中）Mindful Eating Matters More Than You Think Picture this: you sit down for dinner, intending to relax, but your phone rings, your mind races, and before you know it, your plate is empty — and you barely remember tasting a bite. In a world that praises multitasking, eating has become just another background activity. 1 Mindful eating offers an alternative. Far from a passing wellness trend, it is a research-based practice. 2 Studies show that mindful attention during meals can activate brain regions such as the insula, responsible for internal awareness; the prefrontal cortex, linked to decision-making; and the anterior cingulate cortex, which helps regulate emotion. Together, these areas form a powerful network for self-control and emotional stability. When you eat mindfully, you shift from automatic consumption to intentional nourishment (滋养). You notice the colors, textures, and flavors of your food, and recognize signals of hunger and satisfaction that mindless eating often masks. This simple shift reduces overeating and helps break the cycle of stress-eat-anxiety that so many people fall into. In other words, it trains your brain to associate food with balance, not escape. 3 Begin with what experts call the “first-bite ritual”: pause before your first mouthful, take a deep breath, and acknowledge the act of eating. Put away screens, chew slowly, and pay attention to your senses. These seemingly small changes enhance your body’s communication with your mind, allowing you to reconnect with your natural rhythm. Mindful eating is not a diet, nor a moral test of discipline. 4 When practiced consistently, it can transform not only your relationship with food, but also your capacity to focus, to feel, and to find genuine satisfaction in everyday moments. A. It’s, instead, a way to restore presence and to escape the noise and rush of modern life. B. Many cultures already have traditions that encourage slow, attentive eating. C. Mindful dinners, where guests eat together without speaking, are gaining in popularity. D. Practical steps can help turn this idea into reality. E. According to Dr. Tracey Marks, eating with full awareness doesn’t simply calm you down — it actually rewires your brain. F. Yet psychologists warn that this habit may be quietly damaging both our physical and mental wellbeing. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海向明中学·期中）With the ugly-cute Labubu dolls hanging from purses around the world, Chinese entrepreneur Wang Ning has found a formula to keep shoppers spending at a time of global economic uncertainty. Call it the “happiness market,” a niche of affordable pleasures like the now-ubiquitous Labubus that helped Pop Mart, the company Wang founded and heads, publish record-breaking results on August 19, 2025. Revenue for the first half of the year tripled compared with last year, reaching $1.93 billion and surpassing the company’s sales for all of 2024. 1 . Wang, the 38-year-old chief executive, has often talked about the “happy vibe” he hopes shoppers will feel from Pop Mart’s toys. “Everyone is under a lot of stress,” Wang said. “I think desk figurines are a great solution for stress relief.” 2 . The Labubus, its most sought-after characters, have swept the world over the past year and have been spotted hanging from the bags of celebrities like David Beckham and Fan Zhendong. In a 2023 talk with Chinese fund managers, Wang said Pop Mart designer toys fulfill two core consumption needs: gratification and identity. Fans say the dolls’ varied personalities allow them to form emotional attachment. 3 . Worldwide, Pop Mart fans dress up their figurines, take them on hikes, outings and dates, or carefully display them on office desks and in cabinets bought especially for their collections. Now, Pop Mart has created animated series and theme parks around its toy characters and opened shops near landmarks like the Louvre in Paris. In July, Wang told Chinese state media that the goal is to become the “the world’s Pop Mart.” 4 . Pop Mart’s future success depends on whether it can continue producing designs that command similar attention, and whether the “happiness market” can last. A. Today, Pop Mart has developed dozens of designs, and its toys are sold globally. B. There’s a reason people name their Labubu, dress them up, and personify them. C. Investors and analysts caution that Labubus could prove to be a fleeting fad. D. The company also reported a nearly 400% surge in the net profit, hitting about $636.61 million. E. But Labubu isn’t just a toy. It’s a cultural symbol — and it’s not just for kids. F. Moreover, the scarcity of Labubus — which are routinely sold out in stores — and the surprise of opening blind boxes make them eager to buy quickly and collect more. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）In a world where everyone seems busy chasing goals and managing endless tasks, genuine human warmth often feels rare. Yet, psychologist Dr Lalita Suglani reminds us that a few kind words can make a surprisingly deep difference. Giving compliments, she explains, is more than good manners — it is a simple act with real psychological and social benefits. Most people understand how pleasant it feels to receive praise, but fewer realise that offering it can be equally uplifting. Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain's reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter. 1 “When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalita,“we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others' lives.” There is also a social dimension. 2 They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others. Such moments of appreciation can ease tension, open conversation, and even repair relationships. In this sense, complimenting others is not simply about kindness; it is a practical way to improve communication and, in turn, emotional health in any community. 3 The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the"love hormone." This chemical supports feelings of safety and connection, much like a hug or friendly smile. Each time we express admiration, our brain rewards us for engaging in positive social behaviour, encouraging us to repeat it. Still, many people find compliments awkward. 4 According to Dr Lalita, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected. Yet, she adds,“If we push through that discomfort, we discover how powerful our words can be.” Learning to give sincere compliments is, in fact, a skill. It begins with paying attention, noticing effort, and speaking with honesty. When practiced often, it can lift moods, deepen trust, and make everyday life a little brighter for everyone involved. A. Nevertheless, this comes at a cost. B. Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. C. While some hesitate to give compliments, others express it openly and with complete ease. D. Science provides a clear explanation. E. Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere. F. This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海敬业中学·期中）The Door My Teacher Opened in My Life It happened near the end of secondary school. The classroom was half-asleep under the warm afternoon sun, and the air felt heavy with boredom. Every day was the same: memorize, repeat, and hope to survive. I remember thinking, Is this really what learning means? Then, in the middle of another practice exercise, our teacher suddenly stopped. 1 Then he smiled slightly and said, “Let’s forget the book for a while.” He leaned against his desk and folded his arms. “You’ll be leaving school soon,” he said. “And you don’t know it yet, but your world is about to grow much bigger than this classroom.” His voice was calm but full of energy. “When you step out of here, everything you know will start to change. And that’s a good thing.” We stared at him, surprised. This was the same teacher who usually cared about nothing but grammar and test results. 2 Then he gave us an image I’ve never forgotten. “Your mind,” he said, “is like a flame in a dark cave. The brighter it burns, the more you’ll see. But each time you light another corner, you’ll also realize how much more darkness is left. 3 ” His words stayed with me. Back then, I didn’t fully understand them. But as I grew older, I saw what he meant. Every mistake, every argument, every time I failed or hurt someone — each was another chance to see the cave more clearly, to let my flame grow brighter. “Don’t rush to be sure of everything,” he had said that day. “Stay curious. Stay open. That’s how you’ll keep learning.” Looking back, it wasn’t a big speech or a dramatic moment. 4 That quiet talk in a sunlit classroom opened a door in my mind — a door I’ve been walking through ever since, following the light that teacher helped me see. A. But much of my adult life has been the very opposite. B. But now he sounded different — honest, thoughtful, even a little emotional. C. But something inside me shifted. D. He looked around the room, quiet for a moment, as if seeing us properly for the first time. E. It’s a lesson I repeatedly fall short of. F. That’s what real learning is — seeing more and understanding that there’s always more to discover. Passage 5 （25-26高三上·上海南洋中学·期中）You’ve probably heard a list of factors that put you at risk for heart disease: smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise and so on. 1 More than 120 studies have investigated the link between gum (牙龈) disease and heart disease. 2 This means that people with gum disease often develop heart disease but that gum disease doesn’t necessarily cause heart disease. Doctors and scientists have proposed a number of possible reasons for this connection. One common factor is inflammation (炎症), which occurs when the body senses a threat and sends white blood cells to attack it. This leads to painful swelling, which is the main symptom of gum disease. While inflammation hasn’t been shown to cause heart disease, it often accompanies it. 3 So what does this mean for your health? Since the role of gum disease in causing heart disease isn’t certain, don’t assume taking care of your teeth will protect your heart. 4 But keeping your mouth healthy and avoiding gum disease are still good goals to pursue. They’ll spare you pain and high dental bills and keep your dazzling smile perfect. This research does mean that if you have gum disease, you should get your heart checked. This is especially true if you are at risk of heart disease for other reasons, such as smoking. Who would have thought that your mouth and your heart would be connected? The body is a complex and mysterious thing, so do all you can to preserve it. A. Most of them say that gum disease is a risk factor for heart disease and other diseases that affect blood vessels. B. But did you know that the health of your gums may also affect your likelihood of developing heart disease? C. The right type of exercise in the right quantities lowers systemic inflammation, while too much of the wrong kind increases it. D. Certainly, brushing and flossing are no substitute for exercise and a healthy diet. E. But many in the medical field agree that psycho-social stress, activity level, and genetic elements may also contribute. F. And it turns out that the same types of bacteria often lead to inflammation in both diseases. Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中）Tea in India If Indian tea delights those who get to drink the country’s finest tea, it frustrates all those who plant, pick and sell it. Government regulations have in recent years pushed up production costs to around 175 rupees ($2.70) per kilogram, well above average prices of 140 rupees, which makes large growers complain. 1 Marketers worry about whether young people around the world thirst for tea as their parents do. For now, tea remains the most popular drink in the world after water. Around 40% of global production of black tea comes from India. Many of the firms in the business can trace themselves to well before the 1940s. 2 That is due as much to declining exports as to rising domestic demand. Tea drinking in India has grown by less than 3% a year since 2012, and foreign sales have barely risen in 70 years. On the world scene India is behind Sri Lanka and Kenya, both relative newcomers. Governmental regulation, in the form of outdated rules, is mostly to blame for the industry’s worsening fortunes. Regulations from the 1950s have laid obligations onto owners of large tea plantations. They must provide their workers’ families with schools, health care, food, electricity and so on. Labor now accounts for around half of production costs, a figure which has grown by 12% a year over the past three years. 3 Over time, new processing techniques have raised output to 1.25m tons last year, but at the expense of quality. Tea leaves are now shredded (粉碎) into tiny bits, which generate lots of flavor but less of the subtlety (微妙之处) for which Indian tea has been prized abroad. 4 With much lower costs, given they carry none of the social obligations of large plantations, these small producers now make up nearly half the market, from barely nothing at the turn of the century. A. Their plan is in its early stages. B. Back then four out of five lots used to end up abroad; now the same proportion is drunk locally. C. Small-time growers have emerged, which further affects quality. D. Despite that, few workers make more than $2 a day on top of their housing cost and other benefits. E. Many would like to use their tea land for other purposes. F. Pickers complain about working conditions. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海位育中学·期中）You return from work on a muggy August evening. Your unwashed teenage son is on the sofa playing Fortnite, as he has been doing for the past eight hours. Your daughter, scrolling through Instagram, acknowledges your presence with a rude grunt (咕哝). Not for the first time, you ask yourself: why are school summer holidays so insufferably long? 1 Many children will return from the long break having forgotten much of what they were taught the previous year. One study from the American South found that this “summer learning loss” could be as high as a quarter of the year’s education. Poor children tend to be the worst affected, since rich ones typically live in homes full of books and are packed off to summer camp to learn robotics, Latin or the flute. A study from Baltimore found that variations in summer loss might possibly account for two-thirds of the achievement gap between rich and poor children by the age of 14—15. Long holidays definitely strain the budgets of poor families, since free school meals stop and extra child care kicks in. Summer holidays vary greatly from country to country. South Korean children get only three weeks off. Children in Italy and Turkey get a whopping three months. So do those in America, while their parents, unless they are teachers, have an average of only three weeks off a year, among the shortest holidays in the rich world. 2 But for their children, six weeks out of class is plenty. It would be unwise to import South Korea’s pressure-cooker approach, in which a single exam determines every child’s future. 3 Yes, it would cost money, but there are ways to pay for it. One is to have larger classes. Many parents are obsessed with teacher-to-pupil ratios, but there is not enough evidence that they make much difference. The average Japanese lower-secondary class is more than 50% larger than the average British one, but Japanese children get better results. More time in school need not mean repeating the same old lessons. 4 And the summer could also be a time for different kinds of learning: critical thinking, practical skills, financial literacy, work placements with local firms—schools should be free to experiment. Space should not be a problem. Many school buildings sit idle in the summer. A. In other words, many public services are simply unavailable for a quarter of the year. B. Some extra drilling would be beneficial, particularly for those falling behind. C. This is a more serious question than it sounds. D. Some well-off children often already use the summer to broaden their minds and even do their summer jobs E. But plenty of Western children could usefully spend a bit longer on their books. F. Companies should let them take a bit more, since burnt-out workers are less productive. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海进华中学·期中）Until we start to lose our balance, we barely notice that it’s there at all. “It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lowe, an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. “ 1 It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect.” The key, it is increasingly becoming clear, is to address the decline before it gets serious: and that can happen earlier than you might think. What is balance? Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognize where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. 2 A lack of balance is, globally, associated with serious health problems. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which concluded that an inability to balance was associated with an almost twofold increase in risk of death. “ 3 ” agrees Lowe, an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. Single-legged movements, such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral movements, like squats (深蹲), can provide a challenge.” 4 Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement, and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone. A. Early interventions are key, so you’ve got to stay active. B. Perhaps surprisingly, those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition. C. It’s not something we’re born with, but also it’s not something we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lose over time. D. For some people just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening. E. Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on, and you’ve stopped doing that at some point. F. Whatever activity you choose, the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to, not when it becomes an issue. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海普陀区曹杨第二中学·期中）Changing Someone’s Mind at the Dinner Table Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point, you know they will say something like: “Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat” or “Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.) 1 “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so. 2 Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them. Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions. 3 “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary (入室抢劫). But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的)effect. 4 This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs. “The last thing you want to do when debunking (驳斥) misinformation is make matters worse,” wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol, UK, in The Debunking Handbook, a short guide published in2011. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. It’s not as common as we initially thought,“ says Lewandowsky. A. This is the idea that trying to change someone’s false belief can make them believe it more strongly. B. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. C. Anyone can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong. D. But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing. E. If you are not sure of the facts, do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it. F. If this happens, you don’t have to just sit there quiet. Passage 5 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）“Be present.” This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and acceptance. Mindfulness may have psychological benefits. Earlier this year, a synthesis of randomized controlled trials revealed that mindfulness-based interventions had small to moderate benefits for a number of health outcomes, including stress, anxiety and depression. 1 . That is, as we develop skills in complex tasks, we can perform them with increasing facility until attention seems to be unnecessary. Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers-to brushing your teeth. Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. 2 . We don’t perform all tasks automatically, but many can be performed this way once they are well practised. To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke under pressure”: 3 . In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts (推球入洞) under different experimental conditions. In one scheme, the golfers were simply instructed to pay attention to the swing of their club and say “stop” when they finished their swing. In another condition, they were directed to listen for a target sound while ignoring other noises and say the word “tone” when they heard the target sound. Surprisingly, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. Nevertheless, the important message from this research is that focusing too carefully on the execution of well-practiced motor sequences can cause mistakes. 4 . But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over. The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don’t overthink it. A. In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a heightened sense of attention. B. Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be mindless. C. They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. D. Automaticity can be disrupted by explicit attention when the devotion of conscious attention to the pattern alters the content or timing of that pattern itself. E. Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment. F. These processes run off without conscious awareness — a chain reaction of mental events. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇区·期中）The Science of Measuring Time Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada. 1 But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time? For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. 2 A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom. Caesium atoms, when excited by just the right frequency, resonate like a wine glass shattered by an opera singer. By measuring this frequency, we measure time. Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard. 3 And they tick very fast. Half a century before the first accurate caesium clock measurement, some physicists suspected they had gone as far as they could with world-changing theories. However, modern day timekeeping have been and are being improved by about ten times per decade. The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe. 4 It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality. In the future, clocks may not just tell time; they may help rewrite the laws of time itself too. A. And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues. B. Time probably does not even exist in the world, but rather in people’s projection. C. As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun. D. Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. E. Ever since, timekeeping has become the domain of physicists. F. While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other. Passage 7 （25-26高三上·上海南洋模范中学·期中）Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 1 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 2 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 3 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 4 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A. Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B. Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C. They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D. Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E. Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F. When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. Passage 8 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Who should get the billions from sunken treasure? On Sept. 30, a team working for the Florida-based treasure-hunting company 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, which has the exclusive rights to search the area and has been combing it for decades, announced that it had recovered more than 1,000 discolored silver coins from the fleet’s wreckage (残骸), as well as several gold coins that shone as brightly as the day they were made. 1 Should such a treasure be for sale? Florida says yes, allowing treasure hunters to profit from the spoils of history as long as they give the state 20 percent of the finds and stick to its relatively loose archaeological (考古学的) guidelines. Most archaeologists, however, say no. 2 Allowing the commercialization of historical handicrafts, they argue, robs scholars of the chance to study them and the rest of us of the chance to see them — and encourages looting. 3 The latter depend on the former to establish the context and origin that makes findings valuable to collectors. Archaeologists, meanwhile, often lack the funding to explore shipwrecks themselves. If it weren’t for the adventurism of treasure hunters, many of the most important wrecks of the Caribbean would not have been found. In 2001, in an effort to keep underwater treasure hunters at bay, UNESCO released its Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. 4 Spain, unsurprisingly, approved the convention. Among those countries that did not are two whose territorial waters are known to contain untold amounts of lost Spanish treasure: the United States and Colombia. The depths of the ocean are still largely uncharted, and UNESCO estimates that more than 3 million shipwrecks remain undiscovered. As marine robotics allow explorers to go deeper and cover ever more ground, conflicts will continue to arise. History-minded governments should find ways to ease the concerns of archaeologists while rewarding the romantic nerve of treasure hunters and wreck seekers without whom there would be nothing to discuss. A. Yet archaeologists and treasure hunters share an uneasy coexistence. B. As even the infamously unprincipled Indiana Jones would say, “It belongs in a museum.” C. Highlighting the principle of “finders keepers”, this framework has been observed by many nations. D. This financial dynamic fundamentally shapes the interaction between archaeologists and treasure hunters. E. The coins will be catalogued before being distributed, with many probably being sold into private collections. F. The document specifies that the wrecks of war ships remain the property of the countries whose flag they flew. Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Pedestrian: a word fitted to the most dull, tedious and monotonous moments of life. We don’t want to live pedestrian lives. Yet maybe we should. Many of history’s great thinkers have been pedestrians. Henry David Thoreau and William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Walt Whitman, Friedrich Nietzsche and Virginia Woolf — all were writers who tied the working of their minds to the steady movement of their feet. 1 How many of us today are able to free ourselves from the page and head out the door when we rise from our desks? Even observing the dictates of nature, breathing deeply out in the open air as we set our legs into motion, it’s likely we need to accomplish the undertaking as quickly and efficiently as possible. But in so doing, perhaps we still miss the essence of the activity itself. We abandon the art of walking. ‘Walking with a purpose’ is usually regarded as a positive thing, taken as a sign that people are focused, with eyes on an end-goal or prize. But the art of walking is not about purpose or aim. 2 The art of walking is all about this purposeless purpose. These days, it’s difficult to understand the point of doing something, or doing anything, without an underlying aim. The desperate attempt to get somewhere, and to be on time about it, amounts to a Sisyphean struggle against the clock: when we reach a destination, we must immediately set off again, intent on the next stopping place. The point of the journey is no more than to ‘get there’. And walking is increasingly shaped by technological gadgets worn on wrists or gripped in hands. 3 To live with eyes on the screen is to be attached, stuck in the frame, taking in what is presented to us and re-presented to us again. But representation is not experience. To live life through representations is to live passively, to receive rather than to experience. It is also, we fear, to live the life of a follower. Instead of asking What do I see? How might I tell you? we are told instead how to see, and often what to feel — much of that is determined by algorithm. The art of walking is contrary to ‘screening’ the world we live in, and there is no pre-programmed set of rules or calculations involved. 4 We don’t need to visit a museum in order to be absorbed in artful perception and contemplation. We can just step out the front door, pay attention, and perceive and feel for ourselves. A. This, according to Kant, is the freedom of any form of art. B. Walking with disinterest requires a little effort in the beginning, and it comes with practice. C. In doing so, they were in step with the opposing forces of motion and rest, a force written into the laws of nature. D. As Immanuel Kant maintained, the creation and comprehension of beauty is embodied in ‘a purposiveness without a definite purpose’. E. They walk for a variety of purposes, from practical ones like commuting or walking the dog, to symbolic acts like joining a protest march. F. We spend an increasing amount of time ‘screening’ the world — taking in most of life through a contracted frame that captures objects of immediate interest. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）The Slow Death of Spain’s Menú del Día Food is at the heart of Spanish culture. From social life to business deals, everything revolves around food---above all, lunch. How did Mariano Rajoy, then prime minister, react in 2018 when faced with an unprecedented (前所未有的) vote of no confidence? He went to lunch ... for eight hours. The three-course menú del día (menu of the day) has been the cornerstone of Spanish food and social life for generations. 1 Now, though, their existence is partly threatened by changing working hours. The fixed-price menú del día as we now know it was first introduced in the mid-1960s as the “tourist menu,” which helped to ensure that an affordable meal would be within the financial reach of all Spaniards. 2 These family-run restaurants soon became a fixture for millions of Spaniards who had long days, typically working from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. to 7:30 p.m., but who couldn’t go home for lunch. But now working life has changed. Fewer people split the workday with a two-hour break for lunch. “People are realizing that an hour is long enough for lunch,” says José Luis Casero. Furthermore, a decreasing percentage of Spaniards have full-time jobs. Trade unions (工会) estimate 33 percent of jobs that have been created since 2012 are temporary. New professions such as delivery riders do not receive paid lunch breaks. Throughout many Spanish cities today, what may have once been restaurants serving menú del día have already been reborn as kebab (烤肉串) shops or, in more touristy areas, tapas bars (西班牙小食吧). 3 These days, the tradition only continues to endure in small numbers of restaurants in Spain. Just around the corner from city hall and with mayor Ada Colau being one of its regulars, Cervantes has been a family-run restaurant since the early 1980s. It is now managed by the Esteve sisters: Glòria, Cristina and Gemma. The C13 menú of classic Spanish dishes is chalked up on a board. 4 “I cook more or less what my mother cooked,” says Glòria. “I know what I know and people like that. It’s all homemade.” “All kinds of people eat here, from officials to builders,” adds Gemma. “There’re people who come to Cervantes for the first time and say: ‘Wow, I didn’t know this sort of place still existed.’ ‘Well,’ I say, ‘we’ve always been here.’” A. It changes with the seasons, but only slightly. B. They are less likely to honor the menú tradition. C. They often make just enough to maintain the families that run them. D. People see changes in a place like this as an attack on their lifestyle. E. All of these types of restaurants had to offer at least one of these on its menus until the law was changed in 2010. F. Consequently, the restaurants serving these menus — generally low on aesthetics (美观性) and high on value for money — have been a feature of the urban landscape. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海格致中学·期中）How AI Will Help Predict Natural Disasters Beneath California lie faults—places where rocks slide past, over, or under one another. When they move at an alarming rate, the ground shakes violently, causing destructive earthquakes. Nothing can be done to stop them, but understanding where they are likely to happen and how powerful they may be means communities can prepare. 1 They employ seismometers (地震仪) to record seismic waves—a bit like music, with notes and rhythm changes that reveal what created them, where they lie, and how they behave. Because California is so geologically active, the region has massive amounts of data. 2 Many tiny, imperceptible quakes are difficult to spot, especially when their signals are similar to background noise from traffic. Inspired by machine-learning programs that can identify and categorize elements within images with unmatched accuracy, a researcher at Caltech applied a similar idea to seismology. He used algorithms (算法) to search for patterns of tiny quakes in seismic data and soon identified nearly two million hidden events from 2008 to 2017. This revealed a complex network of faults that previous studies had missed. Although early programs could only find quakes similar to those they had been trained on, newer self-learning systems can recognize novel events and make predictions about the future. 3 They are now used across California to spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods. 4 In areas at high risk of earthquakes like Tokyo, for instance, AI software analyzes images from cameras positioned around the city to recognize fires and building collapses and to alert authorities instantly. Such systems save precious time for search and rescue. While AI will not replace human scientists, it is becoming as ordinary—and as vital—as the seismometers themselves. A. AI may also improve earthquake early-warning systems. B. In some way, AI, trained with enough data, may one day take the place of human instincts. C. It is covered in so many seismometers that there is more data than human experts could reasonably handle. D. These machine-learning programs are still evolving and have gone beyond detecting quiet quakes and hidden faults. E. To reduce the effects of future disasters, researchers draw maps of the underworld, charting every fault and monitoring its behavior. F. Such programs as mentioned are still being tested for real-life applications. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海上进才中学·期中）In some sports, left- handed athletes seem to have an inborn advantage The left- handed have long struggled in a right- handed world. 1 The conventional explanation for this is that the rarity of lefties, means right-handed athletes lack familiarity with them as opponents. But this may be only part of the story. Tim Simon at the University of Trento, in Italy, suspected the left- handed enjoy some inborn advantage in these sports, over and above their unfamiliarity. To test his idea, Dr. Simon reasoned that were unfamiliarity the sole explanation for left-hander advantage, then the difference should decrease at the highest levels of a sport, where players would be wise to leftists’ tricks. 2 He therefore analysed the performances over more than a decade of the world’s top athletes in badminton, table tennis, tennis and three types of fencing. 3 For example, 18% of the top 200 male epee fencers and 23% of the top male foil fencers were lefties, but that went up to 28% and 31% respectively when only the top100 were considered. The other three sports, however, did not show this effect. The difference, Dr. Simon suspects, is that foil and epee involve stabbing (刺，戳) with small and rapid movements. Table tennis requires similar quickness. Sabre fencing, by contrast, involves larger swinging movements similar to those employed in tennis and badminton. 4 He assumes that the explanation may stem from left-handed people’s greater reliance than right-handers on their brains’ right hemispheres, which are more important than the left for processing visual and spatial inputs and generating motor responses. Though the benefits thus granted are probably tiny, they matter at the top — where being a split second faster than an opponent separates victory from defeat. A. They consistently lose more matches across various sports than the right-handed athletes. B. He theorises this difference may be why lefties dominate in the first three sports but not the others. C. But they are overrepresented in one field: one-to-one sports such as fencing and tennis. D. This finding challenges the long-held belief that left-handers are at a disadvantage in most activities. E. It’s surprising that in foil and epee fencing, and table tennis, there was indeed an increase in left-handedness at the top. F. If, however, some inborn factor associated with left handedness were a cause, then the difference might actually increase. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（六选四） Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海晋元高级中学·期中）Mindful Eating Matters More Than You Think Picture this: you sit down for dinner, intending to relax, but your phone rings, your mind races, and before you know it, your plate is empty — and you barely remember tasting a bite. In a world that praises multitasking, eating has become just another background activity. 1 Mindful eating offers an alternative. Far from a passing wellness trend, it is a research-based practice. 2 Studies show that mindful attention during meals can activate brain regions such as the insula, responsible for internal awareness; the prefrontal cortex, linked to decision-making; and the anterior cingulate cortex, which helps regulate emotion. Together, these areas form a powerful network for self-control and emotional stability. When you eat mindfully, you shift from automatic consumption to intentional nourishment (滋养). You notice the colors, textures, and flavors of your food, and recognize signals of hunger and satisfaction that mindless eating often masks. This simple shift reduces overeating and helps break the cycle of stress-eat-anxiety that so many people fall into. In other words, it trains your brain to associate food with balance, not escape. 3 Begin with what experts call the “first-bite ritual”: pause before your first mouthful, take a deep breath, and acknowledge the act of eating. Put away screens, chew slowly, and pay attention to your senses. These seemingly small changes enhance your body’s communication with your mind, allowing you to reconnect with your natural rhythm. Mindful eating is not a diet, nor a moral test of discipline. 4 When practiced consistently, it can transform not only your relationship with food, but also your capacity to focus, to feel, and to find genuine satisfaction in everyday moments. A. It’s, instead, a way to restore presence and to escape the noise and rush of modern life. B. Many cultures already have traditions that encourage slow, attentive eating. C. Mindful dinners, where guests eat together without speaking, are gaining in popularity. D. Practical steps can help turn this idea into reality. E. According to Dr. Tracey Marks, eating with full awareness doesn’t simply calm you down — it actually rewires your brain. F. Yet psychologists warn that this habit may be quietly damaging both our physical and mental wellbeing. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. D 4. A 【解析】【导语】 文章主要介绍正念饮食的概念、科学依据与实践方法，强调其对身心的益处。 (1)题解析： 上文“In a world that praises multitasking, eating has become just another background activity.(在一个推崇多任务处理的世界里，进食已经变成了又一项后台活动。)”描述了当下人们边分心边吃饭、将进食当作无关紧要的背景活动的普遍现象。F选项“Yet psychologists warn that this habit may be quietly damaging both our physical and mental wellbeing.(然而心理学家警告称，这种习惯可能正在悄悄损害我们的身心健康。)”与上文构成转折逻辑，句中“this habit”精准指代上文提到的分心进食、把吃饭当背景活动的行为，点明该习惯的危害；同时自然引出下文“Mindful eating offers an alternative.(正念饮食提供了一种替代方案。)”，上下文衔接自然。 (2)题解析： 上文“Far from a passing wellness trend, it is a research-based practice.(它绝非一时兴起的健康潮流，而是一种有研究依据的做法。)”点明正念饮食是具备科学研究支撑的实践。E选项“According to Dr. Tracey Marks, eating with full awareness doesn’t simply calm you down — it actually rewires your brain.(特蕾西·马克斯博士表示，全神贯注地进食不只是能让你平静下来——它实际上还能重塑你的大脑。)”承接上文，通过专家观点进一步佐证其科学性；下文“Studies show that mindful attention during meals can activate brain regions such as the insula...(研究表明，用餐时保持正念注意力可以激活脑岛等大脑区域……)”则具体展开说明正念饮食对大脑各区域的作用，与E选项中“rewires your brain(重塑大脑)”的表述形成呼应，上下文逻辑连贯。 (3)题解析： 下文“Begin with what experts call the “first-bite ritual”: pause before your first mouthful, take a deep breath, and acknowledge the act of eating. Put away screens, chew slowly, and pay attention to your senses.(从专家所说的“第一口仪式”开始：吃下第一口前先暂停，深呼吸，正视进食这件事。收起电子屏幕，慢慢咀嚼，专注于你的感官。)”详细介绍了践行正念饮食的具体操作步骤。D选项“Practical steps can help turn this idea into reality.(一些实用的步骤可以帮助把这个理念变为现实。)”总起下文，句中“Practical steps(实用步骤)”正是对下文各类具体做法的概括，起到总领全段的作用。 (4)题解析： 上文“Mindful eating is not a diet, nor a moral test of discipline. (正念饮食既不是节食，也不是对自律能力的道德考验。)”先否定了人们对正念饮食的两种错误认知。A选项“It’s, instead, a way to restore presence and to escape the noise and rush of modern life.(相反，它是一种找回专注力、摆脱现代生活喧嚣与匆忙的方式。)”通过“instead(相反)”与上文构成转折对照，句中代词“It”指代上文的“Mindful eating”，澄清了正念饮食的真正本质；下文“When practiced consistently, it can transform not only your relationship with food...(坚持践行的话，它不仅能改变你与食物的关系……)”进一步说明其长期价值，语意衔接自然。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海向明中学·期中）With the ugly-cute Labubu dolls hanging from purses around the world, Chinese entrepreneur Wang Ning has found a formula to keep shoppers spending at a time of global economic uncertainty. Call it the “happiness market,” a niche of affordable pleasures like the now-ubiquitous Labubus that helped Pop Mart, the company Wang founded and heads, publish record-breaking results on August 19, 2025. Revenue for the first half of the year tripled compared with last year, reaching $1.93 billion and surpassing the company’s sales for all of 2024. 1 . Wang, the 38-year-old chief executive, has often talked about the “happy vibe” he hopes shoppers will feel from Pop Mart’s toys. “Everyone is under a lot of stress,” Wang said. “I think desk figurines are a great solution for stress relief.” 2 . The Labubus, its most sought-after characters, have swept the world over the past year and have been spotted hanging from the bags of celebrities like David Beckham and Fan Zhendong. In a 2023 talk with Chinese fund managers, Wang said Pop Mart designer toys fulfill two core consumption needs: gratification and identity. Fans say the dolls’ varied personalities allow them to form emotional attachment. 3 . Worldwide, Pop Mart fans dress up their figurines, take them on hikes, outings and dates, or carefully display them on office desks and in cabinets bought especially for their collections. Now, Pop Mart has created animated series and theme parks around its toy characters and opened shops near landmarks like the Louvre in Paris. In July, Wang told Chinese state media that the goal is to become the “the world’s Pop Mart.” 4 . Pop Mart’s future success depends on whether it can continue producing designs that command similar attention, and whether the “happiness market” can last. A. Today, Pop Mart has developed dozens of designs, and its toys are sold globally. B. There’s a reason people name their Labubu, dress them up, and personify them. C. Investors and analysts caution that Labubus could prove to be a fleeting fad. D. The company also reported a nearly 400% surge in the net profit, hitting about $636.61 million. E. But Labubu isn’t just a toy. It’s a cultural symbol — and it’s not just for kids. F. Moreover, the scarcity of Labubus — which are routinely sold out in stores — and the surprise of opening blind boxes make them eager to buy quickly and collect more. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. F 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了泡泡玛特在创始人王宁的带领下，凭借Labubu等丑萌玩偶在全球“快乐市场”中迅速崛起，营收与利润大幅增长，产品畅销全球并形成文化现象；同时也指出，泡泡玛特未来能否持续成功，仍面临潮流易逝的挑战。 (1)题解析： 上文“Revenue for the first half of the year tripled compared with last year, reaching $1.93 billion and surpassing the company’s sales for all of 2024.(今年上半年营收较去年增长两倍，达到19.3亿美元，超过了公司2024年全年的销售额。)”介绍了泡泡玛特上半年的营收情况。选项D“该公司还公布净利润增长近400%，达到约6.3661亿美元”承接上文的营收数据，继续补充其亮眼的利润数据。故选D。 (2)题解析： 下文“The Labubus, its most sought-after characters, have swept the world over the past year and have been spotted hanging from the bags of celebrities like David Beckham and Fan Zhendong.(其最受欢迎的形象Labubu在过去一年风靡全球，还出现在大卫·贝克汉姆、樊振东等名人的包上。)”说明Labubu畅销全球。选项A“如今，泡泡玛特已开发出数十种设计，其玩具销往全球”总领本段内容，引出下文Labubu风靡全球的具体表现。故选A。 (3)题解析： 上文“Fans say the dolls’ varied personalities allow them to form emotional attachment.(粉丝表示，这些玩偶多样的性格让他们产生情感依恋。)”说明粉丝对玩偶有情感依赖。选项F“此外，Labubu的稀缺性——商店里经常售罄——以及打开盲盒的惊喜感，让他们急于快速购买并收藏更多”承接上文，进一步解释了粉丝热衷于购买和收藏的原因。故选F。 (4)题解析： 下文“Pop Mart’s future success depends on whether it can continue producing designs that command similar attention, and whether the ‘happiness market’ can last.(泡泡玛特未来的成功取决于它能否持续推出能吸引同样关注度的设计，以及“快乐市场”能否持续。)”指出了泡泡玛特面临的未来不确定性。选项C“投资者和分析师警告称，Labubu可能只是一时的潮流”，引出下文对泡泡玛特未来发展的担忧。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）In a world where everyone seems busy chasing goals and managing endless tasks, genuine human warmth often feels rare. Yet, psychologist Dr Lalita Suglani reminds us that a few kind words can make a surprisingly deep difference. Giving compliments, she explains, is more than good manners — it is a simple act with real psychological and social benefits. Most people understand how pleasant it feels to receive praise, but fewer realise that offering it can be equally uplifting. Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain's reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter. 1 “When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalita,“we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others' lives.” There is also a social dimension. 2 They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others. Such moments of appreciation can ease tension, open conversation, and even repair relationships. In this sense, complimenting others is not simply about kindness; it is a practical way to improve communication and, in turn, emotional health in any community. 3 The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the"love hormone." This chemical supports feelings of safety and connection, much like a hug or friendly smile. Each time we express admiration, our brain rewards us for engaging in positive social behaviour, encouraging us to repeat it. Still, many people find compliments awkward. 4 According to Dr Lalita, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected. Yet, she adds,“If we push through that discomfort, we discover how powerful our words can be.” Learning to give sincere compliments is, in fact, a skill. It begins with paying attention, noticing effort, and speaking with honesty. When practiced often, it can lift moods, deepen trust, and make everyday life a little brighter for everyone involved. A. Nevertheless, this comes at a cost. B. Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. C. While some hesitate to give compliments, others express it openly and with complete ease. D. Science provides a clear explanation. E. Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere. F. This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. D 4. E 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了赞美他人所带来的心理和社会益处，并探讨了人们对此感到犹豫的原因以及如何学会给予真诚的赞美。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain's reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter.(研究表明，给予赞美会激活大脑的奖励中心，释放多巴胺 —— 这种化学物质与运动或大笑后提升愉悦感的物质是同一种)”该句点明了给予赞美会触发多巴胺释放的生理机制。空处需要承接上文，进一步说明这种生理反应带来的具体效果。F选项“This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected.(这种反应让给予者和接受者都感到更放松、满意和更有连接感。)”中This reaction精准指代前文的“多巴胺释放”这一生理反应，不仅清晰阐释了该反应带来的双向积极效果，还与语境形成高度契合。再结合下文““When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalita,“we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others' lives.”(“当我们赞美他人时，”拉丽塔博士说，“我们也会树立起自身的价值感与自信心。我们会开始将自己看作一个能为他人生命带来光芒的人。”)”可知，后文重点论述了赞美他人给给予者自身带来的心理益处，这恰好与F选项中“the giver”相呼应，进一步印证了F选项的合理性，故选F。 (2)题解析： 前文“There is also a social dimension. (赞美还存在社会层面的意义)”为该段定下核心论述方向，即赞美的社交价值。空处需要具体展开这一维度的内容，同时为后文内容做铺垫。B选项“Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. (赞美有助于加强人际联结，创造信任与归属感)”精准切中“社交维度”这一核心，清晰点明了赞美在人际交往中的关键价值，与下文“They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others.(它们鼓励人们跳出自身的关注点，发现他人身上的闪光点)”形成紧密呼应 —— 选项中的“strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging”是对社交价值的高度概括，下文则进一步说明赞美如何推动人们关注他人、实现良好社交互动，二者共同完整阐释了赞美在社交场景中的重要意义。此外，下文的代词“They”也恰好指代选项中的“Compliments”，形成了严谨的指代逻辑链，进一步印证了B选项的合理性。故选B。 (3)题解析： 前文已从心理和社会两个层面论述了赞美的益处，下文“The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the"love hormone."(给予赞美的行为会释放催产素，这种物质常被称为“爱的荷尔蒙”)” 则将论述视角转向科学原理层面。空处承担承上启下的作用，需要衔接前文的益处总结与后文的科学解释。D 选项“Science provides a clear explanation.(科学为这一现象提供了清晰的解释)”起到了过渡作用，自然引出下文关于催产素的科学分析，逻辑连贯。故选D。 (4)题解析： 上文“Still, many people find compliments awkward.(尽管如此，很多人觉得赞美他人这件事很别扭)”提出了一个普遍现象。下文“According to Dr Lalita, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected.(根据拉丽塔博士的说法，这种犹豫源于内心的脆弱 —— 害怕被他人评判或拒绝)”具体解释了这种尴尬感的原因。空处需要一个能具体说明“尴尬”表现的句子，作为对前文现象的展开，并为后文的解释做铺垫。E选项“Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere.(有些人羞于表达内心的善意；还有些人担心被误解，或是担心自己的赞美听起来不够真诚)”恰当地列举了人们感到尴尬的两种具体情况，与上下文衔接紧密。故选E。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海敬业中学·期中）The Door My Teacher Opened in My Life It happened near the end of secondary school. The classroom was half-asleep under the warm afternoon sun, and the air felt heavy with boredom. Every day was the same: memorize, repeat, and hope to survive. I remember thinking, Is this really what learning means? Then, in the middle of another practice exercise, our teacher suddenly stopped. 1 Then he smiled slightly and said, “Let’s forget the book for a while.” He leaned against his desk and folded his arms. “You’ll be leaving school soon,” he said. “And you don’t know it yet, but your world is about to grow much bigger than this classroom.” His voice was calm but full of energy. “When you step out of here, everything you know will start to change. And that’s a good thing.” We stared at him, surprised. This was the same teacher who usually cared about nothing but grammar and test results. 2 Then he gave us an image I’ve never forgotten. “Your mind,” he said, “is like a flame in a dark cave. The brighter it burns, the more you’ll see. But each time you light another corner, you’ll also realize how much more darkness is left. 3 ” His words stayed with me. Back then, I didn’t fully understand them. But as I grew older, I saw what he meant. Every mistake, every argument, every time I failed or hurt someone — each was another chance to see the cave more clearly, to let my flame grow brighter. “Don’t rush to be sure of everything,” he had said that day. “Stay curious. Stay open. That’s how you’ll keep learning.” Looking back, it wasn’t a big speech or a dramatic moment. 4 That quiet talk in a sunlit classroom opened a door in my mind — a door I’ve been walking through ever since, following the light that teacher helped me see. A. But much of my adult life has been the very opposite. B. But now he sounded different — honest, thoughtful, even a little emotional. C. But something inside me shifted. D. He looked around the room, quiet for a moment, as if seeing us properly for the first time. E. It’s a lesson I repeatedly fall short of. F. That’s what real learning is — seeing more and understanding that there’s always more to discover. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. F 4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要回忆中学老师通过一次特殊谈话，用心灵如洞穴火焰的比喻启发作者理解真正的学习内涵，为作者打开认知之门的经历。 (1)题解析： 根据前面的句子“Then, in the middle of another practice exercise, our teacher suddenly stopped.(在又一次练习过程中，老师突然停了下来)”和后句中的“Then he smiled slightly and said(然后他微微一笑说)”可知，本题要满足承上启下的作用，要补充老师“停下”到“开口说话”之间的过渡动作，D项“He looked around the room, quiet for a moment, as if seeing us properly for the first time.(他环顾了一下教室，安静了片刻，仿佛第一次真正看清我们似的)”能承上启下，体现前后句动作的过渡。故选D。 (2)题解析： 根据前面一句“This was the same teacher who usually cared about nothing but grammar and test results.(这还是那个平时只关心语法和考试成绩的老师)”和下一段首句“Then he gave us an image I’ve never forgotten.(接着他给我们讲了一个我至今难忘的比喻)”可知，本题要满足承上启下的作用，要体现老师 “平时”与“此刻”的状态差异，B项“But now he sounded different — honest, thoughtful, even a little emotional.(但现在他的语气不一样了——真诚、体贴，甚至还有点感性)”能承上启下，形成“平时”与“此刻”的对比，表示老师此刻的状态更易传递深刻感悟，为后文的比喻铺垫氛围。故选B。 (3)题解析： 根据前面的“Your mind, he said, is like a flame in a dark cave. The brighter it burns, the more you’ll see. But each time you light another corner, you’ll also realize how much more darkness is left. (他说：你们的心灵就像黑暗洞穴里的一团火焰。火焰烧得越旺，你们看到的就越多。但每照亮一个角落，你们也会发现还有更多黑暗有待探索)”以及第六段首句“His words stayed with me. Back then, I didn’t fully understand them.(他的话一直萦绕在我耳边。那时我还不能完全理解)”可知，本题要总结老师比喻所蕴含的学习本质才能满足承上启下的作用。F项“That’s what real learning is — seeing more and understanding that there’s always more to discover.(这就是真正的学习——看到更多，并且明白总有更多未知等待探索)”能承上启下，该选项中的“That’s what real learning is”指代上文老师“心灵如火焰”的比喻，选项中的seeing和前句中的see属于派生照应关系。故选F。 (4)题解析： 根据前面的句子“Looking back, it wasn’t a big speech or a dramatic moment.(回想起来，那不是一场宏大的演讲，也不是一个戏剧性的瞬间)”和后句“That quiet talk in a sunlit classroom opened a door in my mind — a door I’ve been walking through ever since, following the light that teacher helped me see.(在洒满阳光的教室里，那场安静的谈话在我心中打开了一扇门——从那以后，我一直沿着老师帮我点亮的光芒，走过这扇门)”可知，本空要体现“平淡场景”与“深刻影响”之间的转折，C项“But something inside me shifted.(但我内心的某些东西已经发生了改变)” 能承上启下，体现转折关系，尽管谈话平淡，却使内心产生关键转变。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26高三上·上海南洋中学·期中）You’ve probably heard a list of factors that put you at risk for heart disease: smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise and so on. 1 More than 120 studies have investigated the link between gum (牙龈) disease and heart disease. 2 This means that people with gum disease often develop heart disease but that gum disease doesn’t necessarily cause heart disease. Doctors and scientists have proposed a number of possible reasons for this connection. One common factor is inflammation (炎症), which occurs when the body senses a threat and sends white blood cells to attack it. This leads to painful swelling, which is the main symptom of gum disease. While inflammation hasn’t been shown to cause heart disease, it often accompanies it. 3 So what does this mean for your health? Since the role of gum disease in causing heart disease isn’t certain, don’t assume taking care of your teeth will protect your heart. 4 But keeping your mouth healthy and avoiding gum disease are still good goals to pursue. They’ll spare you pain and high dental bills and keep your dazzling smile perfect. This research does mean that if you have gum disease, you should get your heart checked. This is especially true if you are at risk of heart disease for other reasons, such as smoking. Who would have thought that your mouth and your heart would be connected? The body is a complex and mysterious thing, so do all you can to preserve it. A. Most of them say that gum disease is a risk factor for heart disease and other diseases that affect blood vessels. B. But did you know that the health of your gums may also affect your likelihood of developing heart disease? C. The right type of exercise in the right quantities lowers systemic inflammation, while too much of the wrong kind increases it. D. Certainly, brushing and flossing are no substitute for exercise and a healthy diet. E. But many in the medical field agree that psycho-social stress, activity level, and genetic elements may also contribute. F. And it turns out that the same types of bacteria often lead to inflammation in both diseases. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. F 4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牙龈疾病与心脏病之间的关联，分析了两者可能存在联系的原因，并基于这种关联为人们的健康提出了相关建议。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“You’ve probably heard a list of factors that put you at risk for heart disease: smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise and so on.(你可能听说过一系列会让你面临心脏病风险的因素：吸烟、不良饮食、缺乏运动等等)”可知，前文列举了已知的心脏病风险因素；而下文“More than 120 studies have investigated the link between gum (牙龈) disease and heart disease.(超过120项研究调查了牙龈疾病与心脏病之间的关联)”围绕“牙龈疾病与心脏病的关联”展开论述。B项“但你知道牙龈健康也可能影响你患心脏病的可能性吗？”通过“but”进行转折，引出了新的心脏病潜在影响因素——牙龈健康，既承接了前文对心脏病风险因素的讨论，又开启了下文关于牙龈疾病与心脏病关系的话题，符合语境。故选B。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“More than 120 studies have investigated the link between gum (牙龈) disease and heart disease.(超过120项研究调查了牙龈疾病与心脏病之间的关联)”可知，前文提及了针对两者关联的研究；下文“This means that people with gum disease often develop heart disease but that gum disease doesn’t necessarily cause heart disease.(这意味着患有牙龈疾病的人通常会患心脏病，但牙龈疾病不一定会导致心脏病)”则是对研究结论的解读。由此可知，空处应阐述这些研究的结果，即牙龈疾病是心脏病和其他影响血管的疾病的风险因素。A项“他们中的大多数人说，牙龈疾病是心脏病和其他影响血管的疾病的风险因素”符合语境，承接上文。且A项中的“them”指代前文的“120 studies”，直接给出了多数研究的结论，而下文的“this”又恰好指代该结论，起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选A。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“One common factor is inflammation (炎症), which occurs when the body senses a threat and sends white blood cells to attack it. This leads to painful swelling, which is the main symptom of gum disease. While inflammation hasn’t been shown to cause heart disease, it often accompanies it.(一个共同的因素是炎症，当身体感知到威胁并发送白细胞攻击它时，就会发生炎症。这会导致疼痛的肿胀，这是牙龈疾病的主要症状。虽然炎症尚未被证明会导致心脏病，但它经常伴随着心脏病)” 可知，前文指出炎症是牙龈疾病和心脏病的共同因素。F项“而且事实证明，相同类型的细菌往往会导致这两种疾病中的炎症”进一步解释了“炎症成为两者共同因素”的原因——相同细菌引发炎症，补充了前文关于炎症的论述，使逻辑更完整，符合语境。故选F。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Since the role of gum disease in causing heart disease isn’t certain, don’t assume taking care of your teeth will protect your heart.(由于牙龈疾病在导致心脏病中的作用尚不确定，不要认为呵护牙齿就能保护心脏)”可知，前文强调不能仅靠呵护牙齿来保护心脏；下文“But keeping your mouth healthy and avoiding gum disease are still good goals to pursue.(但保持口腔健康和避免牙龈疾病仍然是值得追求的好目标)”则转折说明保持口腔健康仍有意义。D项中的“brushing and flossing”对应前文的“taking care of your teeth”，“no substitute for exercise and a healthy diet”则明确指出呵护牙齿不能替代传统的护心方式，呼应了前文“不能靠呵护牙齿保护心脏” 的观点，同时与下文的转折形成合理衔接，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中）Tea in India If Indian tea delights those who get to drink the country’s finest tea, it frustrates all those who plant, pick and sell it. Government regulations have in recent years pushed up production costs to around 175 rupees ($2.70) per kilogram, well above average prices of 140 rupees, which makes large growers complain. 1 Marketers worry about whether young people around the world thirst for tea as their parents do. For now, tea remains the most popular drink in the world after water. Around 40% of global production of black tea comes from India. Many of the firms in the business can trace themselves to well before the 1940s. 2 That is due as much to declining exports as to rising domestic demand. Tea drinking in India has grown by less than 3% a year since 2012, and foreign sales have barely risen in 70 years. On the world scene India is behind Sri Lanka and Kenya, both relative newcomers. Governmental regulation, in the form of outdated rules, is mostly to blame for the industry’s worsening fortunes. Regulations from the 1950s have laid obligations onto owners of large tea plantations. They must provide their workers’ families with schools, health care, food, electricity and so on. Labor now accounts for around half of production costs, a figure which has grown by 12% a year over the past three years. 3 Over time, new processing techniques have raised output to 1.25m tons last year, but at the expense of quality. Tea leaves are now shredded (粉碎) into tiny bits, which generate lots of flavor but less of the subtlety (微妙之处) for which Indian tea has been prized abroad. 4 With much lower costs, given they carry none of the social obligations of large plantations, these small producers now make up nearly half the market, from barely nothing at the turn of the century. A. Their plan is in its early stages. B. Back then four out of five lots used to end up abroad; now the same proportion is drunk locally. C. Small-time growers have emerged, which further affects quality. D. Despite that, few workers make more than $2 a day on top of their housing cost and other benefits. E. Many would like to use their tea land for other purposes. F. Pickers complain about working conditions. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. E 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，围绕印度茶叶产业展开，分析了该产业面临的困境，包括生产成本上涨、出口下滑、品质受影响等，同时指出政府过时法规和小型种植者兴起是关键影响因素。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Government regulations have in recent years pushed up production costs to around 175 rupees ($2.70) per kilogram, well above average prices of 140 rupees, which makes large growers complain. (近年来，政府法规已将生产成本推高至每公斤约 175 卢比（合 2.70 美元），远高于 140 卢比的平均价格，这让大型种植户怨声载道)”以及下文“Marketers worry about whether young people around the world thirst for tea as their parents do.(营销人员担心全球年轻人是否还像他们的父母那样爱喝茶)”可知，此空需延续“印度茶叶产业相关人群的不满”这一话题，与“大型种植者抱怨”形成并列。F选项“Pickers complain about working conditions.(采茶工抱怨工作条件)”中的“complain”呼应上文“large growers complain”，补充了产业中另一群体的困境，符合“种植、采摘、销售茶叶的人都感到沮丧”的核心语境，衔接自然。故选F项。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“That is due as much to declining exports as to rising domestic demand.(这既归因于出口下滑，也源于国内需求上升)”可知，此空需体现“出口减少、国内消费增加”的具体情况。B选项“Back then four out of five lots used to end up abroad; now the same proportion is drunk locally.(过去，五分之四的茶叶会销往国外；如今，同样比例的茶叶在国内被饮用)”通过古今对比，直观呈现出口与内销比例的变化，“four out of five lots”“the same proportion”精准呼应下文“declining exports”“rising domestic demand”，符合语境。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Regulations from the 1950s have laid obligations onto owners of large tea plantations. They must provide their workers’ families with schools, health care, food, electricity and so on. Labor now accounts for around half of production costs, a figure which has grown by 12% a year over the past three years.(20 世纪 50 年代的法规给大型茶园主设定了多项义务，他们必须为工人家属提供学校、医疗、食品、电力等物资。如今，劳动力成本约占生产成本的一半，这一数字在过去三年里每年增长 12%)”可知，此空需说明大型茶园主面临高成本和重义务后的应对想法。E选项“Many would like to use their tea land for other purposes.(许多人想把茶园用于其他用途)”承接上文“成本高、义务重”的困境，体现大型茶园主的转型意愿，符合逻辑。故选E项。 (4)题解析： 根据下文“With much lower costs, given they carry none of the social obligations of large plantations, these small producers now make up nearly half the market...(由于没有大型种植园的社会义务，这些小型生产者的成本低得多，如今已占据近一半的市场份额……)”可知，此空需引出“小型种植者”这一主体，并说明其对产业的影响。C选项“Small-time growers have emerged, which further affects quality.(小型种植者应运而生，这进一步影响了茶叶品质)”中的“Small-time growers”对应下文“these small producers”，“further affects quality”承接上文“茶叶品质下降”的话题，衔接自然，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海位育中学·期中）You return from work on a muggy August evening. Your unwashed teenage son is on the sofa playing Fortnite, as he has been doing for the past eight hours. Your daughter, scrolling through Instagram, acknowledges your presence with a rude grunt (咕哝). Not for the first time, you ask yourself: why are school summer holidays so insufferably long? 1 Many children will return from the long break having forgotten much of what they were taught the previous year. One study from the American South found that this “summer learning loss” could be as high as a quarter of the year’s education. Poor children tend to be the worst affected, since rich ones typically live in homes full of books and are packed off to summer camp to learn robotics, Latin or the flute. A study from Baltimore found that variations in summer loss might possibly account for two-thirds of the achievement gap between rich and poor children by the age of 14—15. Long holidays definitely strain the budgets of poor families, since free school meals stop and extra child care kicks in. Summer holidays vary greatly from country to country. South Korean children get only three weeks off. Children in Italy and Turkey get a whopping three months. So do those in America, while their parents, unless they are teachers, have an average of only three weeks off a year, among the shortest holidays in the rich world. 2 But for their children, six weeks out of class is plenty. It would be unwise to import South Korea’s pressure-cooker approach, in which a single exam determines every child’s future. 3 Yes, it would cost money, but there are ways to pay for it. One is to have larger classes. Many parents are obsessed with teacher-to-pupil ratios, but there is not enough evidence that they make much difference. The average Japanese lower-secondary class is more than 50% larger than the average British one, but Japanese children get better results. More time in school need not mean repeating the same old lessons. 4 And the summer could also be a time for different kinds of learning: critical thinking, practical skills, financial literacy, work placements with local firms—schools should be free to experiment. Space should not be a problem. Many school buildings sit idle in the summer. A. In other words, many public services are simply unavailable for a quarter of the year. B. Some extra drilling would be beneficial, particularly for those falling behind. C. This is a more serious question than it sounds. D. Some well-off children often already use the summer to broaden their minds and even do their summer jobs E. But plenty of Western children could usefully spend a bit longer on their books. F. Companies should let them take a bit more, since burnt-out workers are less productive. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. E 4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章指出学校暑假过长存在学习遗忘、加剧贫富成绩差距等问题，建议西方孩子适当延长在校学习时间，可通过多样化学习而非重复旧课提升效果。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“Not for the first time, you ask yourself: why are school summer holidays so insufferably long?( 你不是第一次问自己：为什么学校的暑假长得让人难以忍受？)”作者以家庭场景提出疑问“为何学校暑假如此漫长难熬”，后文“Many children will return from the long break having forgotten much of what they were taught the previous year. One study from the American South found that this “summer learning loss” could be as high as a quarter of the year’s education. Poor children tend to be the worst affected, since rich ones typically live in homes full of books and are packed off to summer camp to learn robotics, Latin or the flute.( 许多孩子放完长假回来时，已经忘记了前一年所学的很多东西。美国南部的一项研究发现，这种“夏季学习损失”可能高达全年教育的四分之一。贫穷的孩子受影响最严重，因为富裕的孩子通常住在满是书的家里，被送去夏令营学习机器人、拉丁语或长笛。)”立刻展开暑假的负面影响 —— 学生知识遗忘、贫富孩子成绩差距扩大、贫困家庭经济压力增加。C选项“This is a more serious question than it sounds.( 这是一个比听起来更严重的问题。)”承上启下，指出这个疑问“比听起来更严重”，自然引出后文的具体危害，衔接紧密。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 根据前文“So do those in America, while their parents, unless they are teachers, have an average of only three weeks off a year, among the shortest holidays in the rich world.( 美国人也是如此，而他们的父母，除非是教师，每年平均只有三周的假期，是发达国家中假期最短的之一。)”对比不同国家暑假时长，提到美国孩子有三个月假期，而父母（非教师）平均仅三周假期，是富裕国家中假期最短的国家之一。F选项“Companies should let them take a bit more, since burnt-out workers are less productive.( 公司应该让他们多休几天，因为精疲力竭的员工效率更低。)”针对“父母假期短”的问题给出建议，建议公司让父母多休几天，既呼应前文父母与孩子假期时长的矛盾，又符合逻辑递进，同时后文“但对孩子来说，六周不上课就足够了” 转折衔接，形成“父母需多休假，孩子无需过长假期”的对比。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 根据前文“It would be unwise to import South Korea’s pressure-cooker approach, in which a single exam determines every child’s future.( 引进韩国那种一场考试就能决定每个孩子未来的高压教育方式是不明智的。)”否定了韩国“单一考试决定命运”的高压模式，E选项“But plenty of Western children could usefully spend a bit longer on their books.( 但是很多西方孩子可以多花一点时间在书本上。)”以“but”转折，提出核心观点 —— 许多西方孩子其实可以多花点时间学习，既避免了高压极端，又回应了前文“暑假过长导致学习损失”的问题，为后文“延长在校时间”的建议铺垫。故选E项。 (4)题解析： 根据前文“More time in school need not mean repeating the same old lessons.( 在学校花更多的时间并不意味着重复同样的旧课程。)”指出“延长在校时间不意味着重复旧课”，B选项“Some extra drilling would be beneficial, particularly for those falling behind.( 额外的训练是有益的，特别是对那些落后的人。)”承接此观点，说明“额外的巩固练习是有益的，尤其是对成绩落后的学生”，既体现了“非重复旧课”的灵活学习方式，又贴合前文“解决学习损失”的核心，后文进一步拓展暑假可开展的其他学习类型，逻辑连贯。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海进华中学·期中）Until we start to lose our balance, we barely notice that it’s there at all. “It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lowe, an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. “ 1 It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect.” The key, it is increasingly becoming clear, is to address the decline before it gets serious: and that can happen earlier than you might think. What is balance? Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognize where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. 2 A lack of balance is, globally, associated with serious health problems. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which concluded that an inability to balance was associated with an almost twofold increase in risk of death. “ 3 ” agrees Lowe, an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. Single-legged movements, such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral movements, like squats (深蹲), can provide a challenge.” 4 Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement, and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone. A. Early interventions are key, so you’ve got to stay active. B. Perhaps surprisingly, those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition. C. It’s not something we’re born with, but also it’s not something we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lose over time. D. For some people just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening. E. Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on, and you’ve stopped doing that at some point. F. Whatever activity you choose, the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to, not when it becomes an issue. 【答案】1. E 2. C 3. A 4. F 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了身体保持平衡的原理，及其锻炼的重要性。 (1)题解析： 下文“It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing— but it really is something you can affect. (人们很容易忽视这些迹象，或者只是把它归结为年龄的增长——但这确实是你可以影响的事情。)”说明有一种迹象，某些事情随着年龄增长就不能做了。选项E“也许你过去可以很快地用一条腿站起来穿鞋，但你在某个时候停止了这样做。”描述了下文所说的迹象，独立穿鞋的动作随着年龄的变老自然就做不了了。故选E项。 (2)题解析： 上文“What is balance? Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognize where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. (什么是平衡？从技术上讲，这是你身体中几个不同系统的复杂相互作用——从肌肉、神经、视力和内耳到让你识别身体接触地面的感觉系统，以及关节内的运动感受器，它们告诉你身体在空间中的位置。)”说明平衡不是天生的，是身体几个不同系统的复杂相互作用而形成的感觉系统，选项C“它不是我们与生俱来的，也不是我们学到的，而是一种能力，我们在早期获得，随着时间的推移而失去。”进一步解释平衡的特点。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 下文“Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. (老年女性远不如老年男性活跃，一般的活动，只是四处走动和做一些事情，会对平衡产生很大影响。)”说明应该保持活跃，老年后才能更好地保持平衡能力，选项A“早期干预是关键，所以你必须保持活跃。”建议早期干预，保持活跃。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 下文“Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. (抗阻力运动，无论是举重还是背着背包徒步旅行，都有许多其他被证明的健康益处，从改善骨密度到降低患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险。)”说明运动是有许多健康益处的，选项F“无论你选择什么活动，这给我们的教训是，在你需要保持平衡之前，不要等到它成为问题的时候再去锻炼。”引领下文，建议趁早进行运动。故选F项。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海普陀区曹杨第二中学·期中）Changing Someone’s Mind at the Dinner Table Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point, you know they will say something like: “Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat” or “Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.) 1 “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so. 2 Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them. Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions. 3 “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary (入室抢劫). But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的)effect. 4 This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs. “The last thing you want to do when debunking (驳斥) misinformation is make matters worse,” wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol, UK, in The Debunking Handbook, a short guide published in2011. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. It’s not as common as we initially thought,“ says Lewandowsky. A. This is the idea that trying to change someone’s false belief can make them believe it more strongly. B. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. C. Anyone can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong. D. But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing. E. If you are not sure of the facts, do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it. F. If this happens, you don’t have to just sit there quiet. 【答案】1. F 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在餐桌上改变某人的想法。 (1)题解析： 根据后文““Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的Jason Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，后文提到Jason Reifler纠正别人是值得的，所以针对第一段发生的情况，不必只是坐在那里。故F选项“如果发生这种情况，你不必只是安静地坐在那里”符合语境，故选F。 (2)题解析： 根据上文““Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的Jason Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，上文提到Jason Reifler研究的是如何挑战误解，且鼓励人们去澄清误解，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明如何来解释一个陈述是错误的情况。故C选项“任何人都可以散布谎言，但通常需要一些时间和知识来解释为什么一个陈述是错误的”符合语境，故选C。 (3)题解析： 根据后文““Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary (入室抢劫).(弗吉尼亚州乔治梅森大学的约翰·库克说，“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误。例如，“气候总是在变化”的神话就像是声称因为人们总是互相偷东西，所以不锁房子不会增加入室盗窃的风险)”可知，后文提到“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误，即有其它方法可以让自己的观点更令人信服。故D选项“但是有时候有捷径可以让你的观点令人信服”符合语境，故选D。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的) effect.(但你需要注意适得其反的效果)”以及后文“This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs.(对于打击错误信念的斗争来说，这是一个令人沮丧的消息)”可知，本句进一步论述会产生何种适得其反的效果：试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它。故A选项“这个观点认为，试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 5 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）“Be present.” This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and acceptance. Mindfulness may have psychological benefits. Earlier this year, a synthesis of randomized controlled trials revealed that mindfulness-based interventions had small to moderate benefits for a number of health outcomes, including stress, anxiety and depression. 1 . That is, as we develop skills in complex tasks, we can perform them with increasing facility until attention seems to be unnecessary. Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers-to brushing your teeth. Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. 2 . We don’t perform all tasks automatically, but many can be performed this way once they are well practised. To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke under pressure”: 3 . In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts (推球入洞) under different experimental conditions. In one scheme, the golfers were simply instructed to pay attention to the swing of their club and say “stop” when they finished their swing. In another condition, they were directed to listen for a target sound while ignoring other noises and say the word “tone” when they heard the target sound. Surprisingly, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. Nevertheless, the important message from this research is that focusing too carefully on the execution of well-practiced motor sequences can cause mistakes. 4 . But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over. The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don’t overthink it. A. In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a heightened sense of attention. B. Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be mindless. C. They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. D. Automaticity can be disrupted by explicit attention when the devotion of conscious attention to the pattern alters the content or timing of that pattern itself. E. Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment. F. These processes run off without conscious awareness — a chain reaction of mental events. 【答案】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. E 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，围绕“正念”与“无意识自动化行为”的关系展开，分析了二者在不同场景下的作用。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“Mindfulness may have psychological benefits. (正念可能有心理益处)”可知，空处需承接“正念的益处”并引出后文。选项B“Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be mindless. (尽管正念有其优势，但心理学研究也表明，在某些情况下，无心也很重要)”既承接前文，又引出后文，符合语境。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 根据前文“Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. (这种‘自动化’状态，指的是无需刻意留意就能完成的心理过程)”可知，空处需进一步解释这一心理过程。选项F“These processes run off without conscious awareness — a chain reaction of mental events. (这些过程在无意识下进行——是心理活动的连锁反应)”中“These processes”指代前文的“mental processes”，且解释了“无需注意力”的特点，符合语境。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 根据前文“paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke under pressure” (过度关注自己正在做的事会产生负面影响，尤其是在你执行熟练掌握的技能时。事实上，这正是一些专家会‘在压力下发挥失常’的原因之一)”可知，空处需说明“压力下失常”的具体原因。选项C“They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. (他们对当下任务的操作细节想得太多)”对应“过度关注”的表现，符合语境。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 根据后文“But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over. (但有些情况我们应该让自动化接管)”的转折逻辑可知，空处需体现“不能完全依赖自动化”。选项E“Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment.(当然，我们不应听任生活进入‘自动驾驶’模式，从而错失与自我、他人及周遭环境建立更深联结的机会)”体现了这一态度，与后文转折一致，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇区·期中）The Science of Measuring Time Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada. 1 But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time? For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. 2 A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom. Caesium atoms, when excited by just the right frequency, resonate like a wine glass shattered by an opera singer. By measuring this frequency, we measure time. Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard. 3 And they tick very fast. Half a century before the first accurate caesium clock measurement, some physicists suspected they had gone as far as they could with world-changing theories. However, modern day timekeeping have been and are being improved by about ten times per decade. The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe. 4 It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality. In the future, clocks may not just tell time; they may help rewrite the laws of time itself too. A. And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues. B. Time probably does not even exist in the world, but rather in people’s projection. C. As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun. D. Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. E. Ever since, timekeeping has become the domain of physicists. F. While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. F 4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍铯元素的特性、时间测量的发展及现代原子钟的高精度与研究意义。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada.(铯是一种柔软的银金色金属，在温暖的房间里存放时会变成液体。它主要存在于加拿大中部一个小湖附近的矿藏中)”以及下文“But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time?(但你知道铯也是世界的节拍器，是所有现代时间的终极来源吗？)”可知，此处应先介绍铯的常规用途，再以转折引出其在时间测量上的特殊用途，D选项“Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration.(它的主要商业用途是用于石油勘探的钻井液中)”介绍了铯的常见商业用途，衔接上下文自然，符合语境。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. (一千年来，天空中的现象就是我们的计时器和日历。世界各地的史前墓葬和纪念碑都与至日出的方向一致。我们知道时间在流逝，因为我们看到了事物的变化。太阳升起，季节变换)”以及下文“A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom.(一秒被定义为太阳年的一小部分。但1967年，在巴黎举行的第13届国际度量衡大会上，秒被根据铯原子有节奏的震动重新定义)”可知，此处应体现20世纪中期前时间测量与太阳的关联，C选项“As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun.(直到20世纪中期，我们的时间仍然与太阳紧密相连)”中“mid-20th century与下文1967年的时间节点衔接，tied to the Sun呼应上文天空现象计时的内容，符合语境。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard.(原子是便利的计时装置：它们没有移动部件，不会磨损，而且标准性极佳)”以及下文“And they tick very fast.(而且它们振动频率极高)”可知，此处应进一步说明铯原子作为计时装置的标准性优势，F选项“While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other.(虽然阳光和钟摆存在差异，但每一个铯原子都与其他铯原子完全相同)”通过对比突出铯原子的一致性，呼应上文standard，衔接下文的振动特性，符合语境。故选F项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe.(现在最先进的原子钟精度极高，在整个宇宙年龄中误差不到一秒)”以及下文“It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality.(这并非出于执念，而是因为我们测量时间越精确，观察现实就越清晰)”可知，此处应体现对更高精度计时的持续追求，A选项“And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues.(然而，对更高精度的追求仍在继续)”中的greater precision呼应上文原子钟的高精度，引出下文追求高精度的原因，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 7 （25-26高三上·上海南洋模范中学·期中）Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 1 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 2 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 3 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 4 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A. Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B. Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C. They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D. Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E. Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F. When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. D 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了一个有趣的心理现象——人们有时更容易向陌生人倾诉内心想法，而非亲近的人，并从心理学、社会期待和人类情感等角度分析了背后的原因。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment.(理想情况下，这些关系会成为安全的港湾，让我们可以毫无顾忌地分享内心深处的想法、忧虑和脆弱)”以及下文“Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend?(为什么会这样？为什么我们会向心理咨询师、火车上的同行旅客，甚至是网络上的陌生网友倾诉恐惧，却不愿告诉配偶、兄弟姐妹或最好的朋友)”可知，此空需要起到转折作用，引出“人们更易对陌生人倾诉”这一核心现象。A选项“Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us.(然而，矛盾的是，我们很多人发现，有时候向陌生人倾诉比向亲近的人倾诉更容易)”以“Yet”转折前文对亲密关系的期待，同时精准呼应下文的提问，符合语境。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it.(如果你把秘密告诉陌生人，既能释放压力，又不会让自己的私人生活受到影响)”以及下文“You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again.(你几乎会把世界上的所有事都告诉他们。这种彼此间的陌生感带来了一种轻松感；陌生人的评价无关紧要，因为你们很可能不会再见面)”可知，此空需要承接前文，解释向陌生人倾诉时的心理状态。F选项“When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable.(当你知道不会再见到这个人时，你会感到格外放松)”中的“won’t see the person again”与下文的“unlikely one will cross paths with them again”相呼应，且点明了这种放松感的来源，符合语境。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 根据下文“Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle.(我们与陌生人的交往则没有这些复杂的羁绊。然而，和陌生人交谈时，人们可以分享高度私密的信息，而不会损害自己在社交圈中的声誉）”可知，此空需要介绍与亲近的人交往时存在的“羁绊”，与下文形成对比。D选项“Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves.(长期建立的社会关系会伴随着各种预设、评判和期待，这些都会阻碍人们充分表达自己)”中的“assumptions, judgments, and expectations”正是下文提到的“baggage of these dynamics”，且与陌生人交往的无羁绊状态形成鲜明对比，符合语境。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions.(陌生人有着独特的优势，他们能提供全新的视角和客观的看法，给出不偏不倚的建议和评价)”以及下文“That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives.(这也是我们能从陌生人的认可和支持中获得慰藉的原因之一，而这些往往是我们无法从身边人那里得到的)”可知，此空需要承接前文，说明陌生人的客观建议能带来的具体积极作用。C选项“They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking.(它们能让我们跳出固有的思维模式，打破消极的自我关注，避免陷入消极的循环思考)”中的“They”指代前文的“fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints”，且阐述了这些观点的积极影响，衔接下文的“find solace”，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 8 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Who should get the billions from sunken treasure? On Sept. 30, a team working for the Florida-based treasure-hunting company 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, which has the exclusive rights to search the area and has been combing it for decades, announced that it had recovered more than 1,000 discolored silver coins from the fleet’s wreckage (残骸), as well as several gold coins that shone as brightly as the day they were made. 1 Should such a treasure be for sale? Florida says yes, allowing treasure hunters to profit from the spoils of history as long as they give the state 20 percent of the finds and stick to its relatively loose archaeological (考古学的) guidelines. Most archaeologists, however, say no. 2 Allowing the commercialization of historical handicrafts, they argue, robs scholars of the chance to study them and the rest of us of the chance to see them — and encourages looting. 3 The latter depend on the former to establish the context and origin that makes findings valuable to collectors. Archaeologists, meanwhile, often lack the funding to explore shipwrecks themselves. If it weren’t for the adventurism of treasure hunters, many of the most important wrecks of the Caribbean would not have been found. In 2001, in an effort to keep underwater treasure hunters at bay, UNESCO released its Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. 4 Spain, unsurprisingly, approved the convention. Among those countries that did not are two whose territorial waters are known to contain untold amounts of lost Spanish treasure: the United States and Colombia. The depths of the ocean are still largely uncharted, and UNESCO estimates that more than 3 million shipwrecks remain undiscovered. As marine robotics allow explorers to go deeper and cover ever more ground, conflicts will continue to arise. History-minded governments should find ways to ease the concerns of archaeologists while rewarding the romantic nerve of treasure hunters and wreck seekers without whom there would be nothing to discuss. A. Yet archaeologists and treasure hunters share an uneasy coexistence. B. As even the infamously unprincipled Indiana Jones would say, “It belongs in a museum.” C. Highlighting the principle of “finders keepers”, this framework has been observed by many nations. D. This financial dynamic fundamentally shapes the interaction between archaeologists and treasure hunters. E. The coins will be catalogued before being distributed, with many probably being sold into private collections. F. The document specifies that the wrecks of war ships remain the property of the countries whose flag they flew. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. A 4. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了沉船宝藏的归属与商业化争议，探讨了寻宝者、考古学家的不同立场及联合国相关公约的实施情况，呼吁政府平衡各方利益。 (1)题解析： 上文“On Sept. 30, a team working for the Florida-based treasure-hunting company 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, which has the exclusive rights to search the area and has been combing it for decades, announced that it had recovered more than 1,000 discolored silver coins from the fleet’s wreckage (残骸) , as well as several gold coins that shone as brightly as the day they were made. ( 9月30日，佛罗里达州寻宝公司“1715 舰队女王珠宝”的一支团队宣布，他们从该舰队的残骸中打捞起1000多枚已变色的银币，以及数枚光亮如新的金币。该公司拥有该区域的独家搜索权，数十年来一直在此地搜寻。)”提到寻宝团队从沉船残骸中打捞到1000多枚变色银币和数枚仍光亮如新的金币。选项E“The coins will be catalogued before being distributed, with many probably being sold into private collections. (这些硬币将先被分类编目，随后进行分配，其中许多可能会被卖给私人收藏家。)”既符合打捞后处理文物的逻辑顺序，又为后文埋下伏笔，衔接自然。故选E。 (2)题解析： 上文“Should such a treasure be for sale? Florida says yes, allowing treasure hunters to profit from the spoils of history as long as they give the state 20 percent of the finds and stick to its relatively loose archaeological (考古学的) guidelines. Most archaeologists, however, say no. (这样的宝藏应该出售吗？佛罗里达州给出了肯定答案：只要寻宝者向该州上缴20%的发现物，并遵守其相对宽松的考古准则，就可以从这些历史遗物中获利。然而，大多数考古学家对此持反对态度。)”明确“佛罗里达州允许寻宝者获利”与“大多数考古学家反对”的对立观点。选项B“As even the infamously unprincipled Indiana Jones would say, “It belongs in a museum.” (即便是臭名昭著、毫无原则的Indiana Jones也会说：“它属于博物馆。”)”延续上文内容，通过经典影视角色的台词，生动且有力地表达了文物应公开展示供研究和观赏的态度。故选B。 (3)题解析： 下文“The latter depend on the former to establish the context and origin that makes findings valuable to collectors. Archaeologists, meanwhile, often lack the funding to explore shipwrecks themselves. If it weren’t for the adventurism of treasure hunters, many of the most important wreck s of the Caribbean would not have been found. (后者依赖前者确定文物的背景和来源，而这正是让发现物对收藏家具有价值的关键。与此同时，考古学家自身往往缺乏探索沉船的资金。如果不是因为寻宝者的冒险精神，加勒比地区许多最重要的沉船残骸可能永远不会被发现。)”提到后者（寻宝者）依赖前者（考古学家）确定文物的背景和来源以提升其收藏价值，而考古学家往往缺乏资金探索沉船，核心是说明考古学家与寻宝者之间相互依赖但又存在矛盾的关系。选项A“Yet archaeologists and treasure hunters share an uneasy coexistence. (然而，考古学家和寻宝者之间存在着一种微妙的共存关系。)”以“Yet”转折承接前文的对立观点，引出后文对共存关系的具体解释，起到承上启下的作用。故选A。 (4)题解析： 上文“In 2001, in an effort to keep underwater treasure hunters at bay, UNESCO released its Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. (2001年，为了遏制水下寻宝者的行为，联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）发布了《保护水下文化遗产公约》。)”提到联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）在2001年发布了《保护水下文化遗产公约》。选项F“The document specifies that the wrecks of war ships remain the property of the countries whose flag they flew. (该文件明确规定，战舰残骸仍归其悬挂国旗所属的国家所有。)”中的“the document”对应前文的 “Convention”，“specifies”（明确规定）符合公约类文件的表述逻辑。故选F。 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Pedestrian: a word fitted to the most dull, tedious and monotonous moments of life. We don’t want to live pedestrian lives. Yet maybe we should. Many of history’s great thinkers have been pedestrians. Henry David Thoreau and William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Walt Whitman, Friedrich Nietzsche and Virginia Woolf — all were writers who tied the working of their minds to the steady movement of their feet. 1 How many of us today are able to free ourselves from the page and head out the door when we rise from our desks? Even observing the dictates of nature, breathing deeply out in the open air as we set our legs into motion, it’s likely we need to accomplish the undertaking as quickly and efficiently as possible. But in so doing, perhaps we still miss the essence of the activity itself. We abandon the art of walking. ‘Walking with a purpose’ is usually regarded as a positive thing, taken as a sign that people are focused, with eyes on an end-goal or prize. But the art of walking is not about purpose or aim. 2 The art of walking is all about this purposeless purpose. These days, it’s difficult to understand the point of doing something, or doing anything, without an underlying aim. The desperate attempt to get somewhere, and to be on time about it, amounts to a Sisyphean struggle against the clock: when we reach a destination, we must immediately set off again, intent on the next stopping place. The point of the journey is no more than to ‘get there’. And walking is increasingly shaped by technological gadgets worn on wrists or gripped in hands. 3 To live with eyes on the screen is to be attached, stuck in the frame, taking in what is presented to us and re-presented to us again. But representation is not experience. To live life through representations is to live passively, to receive rather than to experience. It is also, we fear, to live the life of a follower. Instead of asking What do I see? How might I tell you? we are told instead how to see, and often what to feel — much of that is determined by algorithm. The art of walking is contrary to ‘screening’ the world we live in, and there is no pre-programmed set of rules or calculations involved. 4 We don’t need to visit a museum in order to be absorbed in artful perception and contemplation. We can just step out the front door, pay attention, and perceive and feel for ourselves. A. This, according to Kant, is the freedom of any form of art. B. Walking with disinterest requires a little effort in the beginning, and it comes with practice. C. In doing so, they were in step with the opposing forces of motion and rest, a force written into the laws of nature. D. As Immanuel Kant maintained, the creation and comprehension of beauty is embodied in ‘a purposiveness without a definite purpose’. E. They walk for a variety of purposes, from practical ones like commuting or walking the dog, to symbolic acts like joining a protest march. F. We spend an increasing amount of time ‘screening’ the world — taking in most of life through a contracted frame that captures objects of immediate interest. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. F 4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章开篇指出“平庸”常与枯燥生活关联，但诸多伟大思想家均是步行者，进而批判现代步行的目的导向与科技束缚，强调“步行的艺术”核心是“无明确目的的合目的性”。 (1)题解析： 上文“Henry David Thoreau and William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Walt Whitman, Friedrich Nietzsche and Virginia Woolf — all were writers who tied the working of their minds to the steady movement of their feet.(亨利·戴维·梭罗、威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、沃尔特·惠特曼、弗里德里希·尼采和弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫——所有这些作家都将自己的思维活动与双脚的稳步移动联系在一起)”说明多位伟大作家将思维活动与步行绑定，强调步行对思考的重要性。选项C“这样一来，他们便与运动和静止这两种对立力量保持同步，这是一种写入自然法则的力量。”承接上文并解释其深层意义。故选C。 (2)题解析： 上文“But the art of walking is not about purpose or aim.(但步行的艺术与目的或目标无关。)”说明步行的艺术无明确目的性，为阐释本质铺垫。选项D“正如伊曼努尔·康德所主张的，美之创造与体悟，蕴含于‘无明确目的的合目的性’之中。”引用观点定义其本质。故选D。 (3)题解析： 上文“And walking is increasingly shaped by technological gadgets worn on wrists or gripped in hands.(步行正日益受到手腕上佩戴或手中紧握的科技设备的影响。)”说明科技设备对现代步行有影响。选项F“我们花费越来越多的时间‘屏幕化’看待世界——通过一个有限的框架捕捉当下感兴趣的事物，以此接纳生活的大部分内容。”具体解释设备如何改变步行体验。故选F。 (4)题解析： 上文“The art of walking is contrary to ‘screening’ the world we live in, and there is no pre-programmed set of rules or calculations involved.(步行的艺术与“屏幕化”看待我们所处的世界相悖，它不涉及任何预先设定的规则或计算。)”说明步行的艺术具有无预设规则的自由性。选项A“康德认为，这正是任何艺术形式所具备的自由。”引用观点升华其自由属性，呼应前文且逻辑闭环。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）The Slow Death of Spain’s Menú del Día Food is at the heart of Spanish culture. From social life to business deals, everything revolves around food---above all, lunch. How did Mariano Rajoy, then prime minister, react in 2018 when faced with an unprecedented (前所未有的) vote of no confidence? He went to lunch ... for eight hours. The three-course menú del día (menu of the day) has been the cornerstone of Spanish food and social life for generations. 1 Now, though, their existence is partly threatened by changing working hours. The fixed-price menú del día as we now know it was first introduced in the mid-1960s as the “tourist menu,” which helped to ensure that an affordable meal would be within the financial reach of all Spaniards. 2 These family-run restaurants soon became a fixture for millions of Spaniards who had long days, typically working from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. to 7:30 p.m., but who couldn’t go home for lunch. But now working life has changed. Fewer people split the workday with a two-hour break for lunch. “People are realizing that an hour is long enough for lunch,” says José Luis Casero. Furthermore, a decreasing percentage of Spaniards have full-time jobs. Trade unions (工会) estimate 33 percent of jobs that have been created since 2012 are temporary. New professions such as delivery riders do not receive paid lunch breaks. Throughout many Spanish cities today, what may have once been restaurants serving menú del día have already been reborn as kebab (烤肉串) shops or, in more touristy areas, tapas bars (西班牙小食吧). 3 These days, the tradition only continues to endure in small numbers of restaurants in Spain. Just around the corner from city hall and with mayor Ada Colau being one of its regulars, Cervantes has been a family-run restaurant since the early 1980s. It is now managed by the Esteve sisters: Glòria, Cristina and Gemma. The C13 menú of classic Spanish dishes is chalked up on a board. 4 “I cook more or less what my mother cooked,” says Glòria. “I know what I know and people like that. It’s all homemade.” “All kinds of people eat here, from officials to builders,” adds Gemma. “There’re people who come to Cervantes for the first time and say: ‘Wow, I didn’t know this sort of place still existed.’ ‘Well,’ I say, ‘we’ve always been here.’” A. It changes with the seasons, but only slightly. B. They are less likely to honor the menú tradition. C. They often make just enough to maintain the families that run them. D. People see changes in a place like this as an attack on their lifestyle. E. All of these types of restaurants had to offer at least one of these on its menus until the law was changed in 2010. F. Consequently, the restaurants serving these menus — generally low on aesthetics (美观性) and high on value for money — have been a feature of the urban landscape. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. B 4. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正在逐渐消亡的西班牙当日菜单。 【解析】 1.前文“The three-course menú del día (menu of the day) has been the cornerstone of Spanish food and social life for generations.”（当日菜单一直是西班牙食物和几代人社交生活的基石。）中的The three-course menú del día 对应选项F中的these menus，cornerstone 也对应urban landscape，此处承接上文，说的是当日菜单在西班牙人民生活中的作用和形象，所以选项F（因此，提供这些菜单的餐馆——通常不美观，但性价比很高——已经成为城市景观的一个特征。）切合文意。故选F。 2.前文“The fixed-price menú del día as we now know it was first introduced in the mid-1960s as the “tourist menu,” which helped to ensure that an affordable meal would be within the financial reach of all Spaniards.”说，我们现在所知道的固定价格菜单最初是在20世纪60年代中期作为“旅游菜单”引入的，它帮助确保了所有西班牙人都能负担得起一顿饭，后文“These family-run restaurants soon became a fixture for millions of Spaniards who had long days”又说，这些家庭经营的餐馆很快成为数百万白天过得很长的西班牙人的固定吃饭场所，因此此处说的是这些餐馆提供的菜单是人们负担得起的，后文就是提供这种菜单带来的积极结果，所以选项E（在2010年法律修改之前，所有这些类型的餐馆都必须在菜单上提供至少一种。）切合文意。故选E。 3.前文“Throughout many Spanish cities today, what may have once been restaurants serving menú del día have already been reborn as kebab (烤肉串) shops or, in more touristy areas, tapas bars (西班牙小食吧).”（今天，在西班牙的许多城市，曾经提供当日菜单的餐馆已经重生为烤肉店，或者在游客更多的地区，成为小吃吧）表明，从提供当日菜单转型到烤肉店或小吃吧的餐馆不太可能遵守菜单传统。所以选项B（他们不太可能遵守菜单传统。）切合文意。故选B。 4.选项A中的It是指前文“The C13 menú of classic Spanish dishes is chalked up on a board. ”（经典西班牙菜的C13菜单被用粉笔写在一块黑板上。）中提到的The C13 menú of classic Spanish dishes，再结合本段第一句“These days, the tradition only continues to endure in small numbers of restaurants in Spain.”（如今，这一传统只在西班牙的少数餐馆得以延续）可知，此处承接上文，讲的是关于C13菜单的调整的相关情况——虽有变化，但幅度很小，旨在突出当日菜单正在消亡，所以选项A（它随季节变化，但只是轻微的变化。）切合文意。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海格致中学·期中）How AI Will Help Predict Natural Disasters Beneath California lie faults—places where rocks slide past, over, or under one another. When they move at an alarming rate, the ground shakes violently, causing destructive earthquakes. Nothing can be done to stop them, but understanding where they are likely to happen and how powerful they may be means communities can prepare. 1 They employ seismometers (地震仪) to record seismic waves—a bit like music, with notes and rhythm changes that reveal what created them, where they lie, and how they behave. Because California is so geologically active, the region has massive amounts of data. 2 Many tiny, imperceptible quakes are difficult to spot, especially when their signals are similar to background noise from traffic. Inspired by machine-learning programs that can identify and categorize elements within images with unmatched accuracy, a researcher at Caltech applied a similar idea to seismology. He used algorithms (算法) to search for patterns of tiny quakes in seismic data and soon identified nearly two million hidden events from 2008 to 2017. This revealed a complex network of faults that previous studies had missed. Although early programs could only find quakes similar to those they had been trained on, newer self-learning systems can recognize novel events and make predictions about the future. 3 They are now used across California to spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods. 4 In areas at high risk of earthquakes like Tokyo, for instance, AI software analyzes images from cameras positioned around the city to recognize fires and building collapses and to alert authorities instantly. Such systems save precious time for search and rescue. While AI will not replace human scientists, it is becoming as ordinary—and as vital—as the seismometers themselves. A. AI may also improve earthquake early-warning systems. B. In some way, AI, trained with enough data, may one day take the place of human instincts. C. It is covered in so many seismometers that there is more data than human experts could reasonably handle. D. These machine-learning programs are still evolving and have gone beyond detecting quiet quakes and hidden faults. E. To reduce the effects of future disasters, researchers draw maps of the underworld, charting every fault and monitoring its behavior. F. Such programs as mentioned are still being tested for real-life applications. 【答案】1. E 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕人工智能（AI）在自然灾害预测中的应用展开，重点介绍了AI如何助力地震预测——通过分析地震数据识别隐藏地震和断层、突破传统方法的局限，还提及AI在地震预警系统中的潜在作用，强调其成为辅助科研人员的重要工具。 (1)题解析： 根据下文“They employ seismometers (地震仪) to record seismic waves—a bit like music, with notes and rhythm changes that reveal what created them, where they lie, and how they behave. (他们使用地震仪记录地震波——有点像音乐，其音符和节奏变化能揭示地震波的成因、位置和运动方式。)”可知，下文的“They”指代前文提到的某个主体，且该主体在通过地震仪开展与地震相关的研究。E选项“To reduce the effects of future disasters, researchers draw maps of the underworld, charting every fault and monitoring its behavior. (为了减少未来灾害的影响，研究人员绘制地下地图，记录每一条断层并监测其活动。)”中的“researchers”恰好对应下文的“They”，且“监测断层活动”与下文“使用地震仪记录地震波”形成逻辑衔接，说明研究人员的具体研究手段，符合语境。故选E项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“Because California is so geologically active, the region has massive amounts of data. (由于加利福尼亚地质活动频繁，该地区拥有海量数据。)”可知，前文强调加州数据量大，此空应进一步解释数据量大的具体情况或带来的影响。C选项“It is covered in so many seismometers that there is more data than human experts could reasonably handle. (该地区布满了众多地震仪，产生的数据量超出了人类专家的合理处理能力。)”既解释了数据量大的原因（地震仪多），又指出了数据处理的难题，为下文引入AI解决数据处理问题做铺垫，衔接自然。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Although early programs could only find quakes similar to those they had been trained on, newer self-learning systems can recognize novel events and make predictions about the future. (尽管早期程序只能识别与训练数据相似的地震，但更新的自学习系统能够识别新事件并进行未来预测。)”可知，此处强调AI系统的进化与功能提升，空后“They are now used across California to spot slowly slow-moving earthquake faults invisible to traditional methods. (它们现在在加利福尼亚州被广泛用于探测传统方法无法发现的缓慢移动的地震断层。)”进一步说明其当前的应用场景。D选项“These machine-learning programs are still evolving and have gone beyond detecting quiet quakes and hidden faults. (这些机器学习程序仍在不断发展，已经超越了探测微弱地震和隐藏断层的范畴。)”承上启下，既呼应前文“新系统的进步”，又通过“beyond detecting”引出下文更广泛的应用，符合逻辑。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 根据下文“In areas at high risk of earthquakes like Tokyo, for instance, AI software analyzes images from cameras positioned around the city to recognize fires and building collapses and to alert authorities instantly. (例如，在东京等地震高发地区，AI软件分析城市周围摄像头拍摄的图像，识别火灾和建筑物倒塌情况，并立即向当局发出警报。)”可知，本段介绍AI在地震预警、应急响应中的作用。A选项“AI may also improve earthquake early-warning systems. (AI还可能改进地震预警系统。)”作为本段主旨句，概括了下文核心内容，引出AI在预警方面的具体应用，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海上进才中学·期中）In some sports, left- handed athletes seem to have an inborn advantage The left- handed have long struggled in a right- handed world. 1 The conventional explanation for this is that the rarity of lefties, means right-handed athletes lack familiarity with them as opponents. But this may be only part of the story. Tim Simon at the University of Trento, in Italy, suspected the left- handed enjoy some inborn advantage in these sports, over and above their unfamiliarity. To test his idea, Dr. Simon reasoned that were unfamiliarity the sole explanation for left-hander advantage, then the difference should decrease at the highest levels of a sport, where players would be wise to leftists’ tricks. 2 He therefore analysed the performances over more than a decade of the world’s top athletes in badminton, table tennis, tennis and three types of fencing. 3 For example, 18% of the top 200 male epee fencers and 23% of the top male foil fencers were lefties, but that went up to 28% and 31% respectively when only the top100 were considered. The other three sports, however, did not show this effect. The difference, Dr. Simon suspects, is that foil and epee involve stabbing (刺，戳) with small and rapid movements. Table tennis requires similar quickness. Sabre fencing, by contrast, involves larger swinging movements similar to those employed in tennis and badminton. 4 He assumes that the explanation may stem from left-handed people’s greater reliance than right-handers on their brains’ right hemispheres, which are more important than the left for processing visual and spatial inputs and generating motor responses. Though the benefits thus granted are probably tiny, they matter at the top — where being a split second faster than an opponent separates victory from defeat. A. They consistently lose more matches across various sports than the right-handed athletes. B. He theorises this difference may be why lefties dominate in the first three sports but not the others. C. But they are overrepresented in one field: one-to-one sports such as fencing and tennis. D. This finding challenges the long-held belief that left-handers are at a disadvantage in most activities. E. It’s surprising that in foil and epee fencing, and table tennis, there was indeed an increase in left-handedness at the top. F. If, however, some inborn factor associated with left handedness were a cause, then the difference might actually increase. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. E 4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是科普说明文，介绍意大利特伦托大学Tim Simon博士对“左撇子在某些一对一运动项目中占比过高”现象的研究。 (1)题解析： 上文“The left-handed have long struggled in a right-handed world. (左撇子长久以来在右撇子世界里举步维艰。)”总述劣势背景，空格处需转折指出“例外领域”，C项“But they are overrepresented in one field: one-to-one sports such as fencing and tennis. (但在一个领域他们占比反而过高：击剑、网球等一对一项目。)”与“struggled”形成对比，故选C。 (2)题解析： 上文“Dr. Simon reasoned that were unfamiliarity the sole explanation for left-hander advantage, then the difference should decrease at the highest levels of a sport, where players would be wise to leftists’ tricks. (西蒙博士推论，若“不熟悉”是左撇子优势的唯一原因，那么在运动最高水平，选手已对左撇子套路了如指掌，差异应减小。)”提出“熟悉度假说”的检验逻辑，F项“If, however, some inborn factor associated with left-handedness were a cause, then the difference might actually increase. (然而，若存在与左撇子相关的先天因素，则差异反而可能扩大。)”给出对立假设，与后文“扩大”数据对应，故选F。 (3)题解析： 下文“For example, 18% of the top 200 male epee fencers and 23% of the top male foil fencers were lefties, but that went up to 28% and 31% respectively when only the top100 were considered. (例如，在男子重剑和花剑排名前200的选手中，左撇子选手的比例分别为18%和23%，但当范围缩小到前100名时，这一比例分别上升至28%和31%。)”举例说明左撇子的比例增加了，E项“It's surprising that in foil and epee fencing, and table tennis, there was indeed an increase in left-handedness at the top.”(令人惊讶的是，在花剑、重剑击剑和乒乓球中，顶尖水平左撇子比例确实上升。)紧接呈现核心发现，作为总起句非常合适。故选E。 (4)题解析： 上文“The difference, Dr. Simon suspects, is that foil and epee involve stabbing with small and rapid movements. Table tennis requires similar quickness. Sabre fencing, by contrast, involves larger swinging movements similar to those employed in tennis and badminton. (西蒙博士怀疑，差异在于花剑、重剑以快速小幅度刺击为主，乒乓球同样需要快速反应；佩剑击剑则类似大幅度挥砍动作，与网球、羽毛球相近。)”对比项目技术特点，B项“He theorises this difference may be why lefties dominate in the first three sports but not the others. (他据此推测，这种差异或许解释了左撇子在前三项运动中占主导，而在其余项目中并未如此的原因。)”总结因果链，收束全段，故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（六选四） 基础必练 Passage 1 【答案】1.F 2.E 3.D 4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.℉ 4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.F 2.B 3.D 4.E Passage 4 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.F 4.C Passage 5 【答案】1.B 2.A3.F 4.D 进阶提升》 Passage 1 【答案】1.F 2.B 3.E 4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C 2.F 3.E 4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.E 2.C 3.A 4.F Passage 4 【答案】1.F 2.C 3.D 4.A Passage 5 【答案】1.B 2.F3.C4.E Passage 6 1/2 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.F4.A Passage 7 【答案】1.A 2.F3.D 4.C Passage 8 【答案】1.E 2.B 3.A 4.F 拓展培优 Passage 1 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.F 4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.F 2.E3.B 4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.E 2.C 3.D4.A Passage 4 【答案】1.C 2.F3.E4.B 212