专题01 阅读理解（应用文+记叙文+议论文）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高三英语上学期

专题01 阅读理解（应用文+记叙文+议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海普陀区曹杨第二中学·期中）My grandmother loved baking and was, therefore, an excellent baker. I can still see her massaging flour, sugar, eggs, yeast, butter and milk into dough and injecting the pastry with jam to make Buchteln. I can still hear her saying to her, a sustainable farmer, baking was the closest she could get to “the world of art”. I regret never telling her that even though she wasn’t graced with the life of an artist, she was nevertheless weaving something larger than her: a culture. Maybe she understood what she was doing after all. Once, she instructed me to never follow her recipes, but instead to adapt them however I saw fit. A culture, she was essentially saying, should be modified in line with the tastes and needs of the times. Well. I have altered most of my grandmother’s recipes, apart from the one—her recipe for potica, a traditional Slovenian pastry usually served at holiday, birthday and special celebrations. In essence, it is a roll made of leavened paper-thin dough, most often stuffed with walnut filling and raisins. Calling potica a “filled roll”, makes it seem easy to prepare, but it requires hours of work. The most painful part is grinding the walnuts. Before my grandmother began using a grinder, we filled a bag with walnuts and beat the bag with a hammer, until the nuts turned to paste. Ah, but why not simply buy a kilo of ground Californian walnuts? Oh! Because the secret to the best potica known to humans is walnuts from a tree that grows on my grandmother’s farm. This 15-meter-tall tree is an amusement park for crows and insects, and is also often populated by courageous children. It bears sweetest walnuts. Was, bore, I should write. In the past decade, the 30-year-old tree has changed. At first, the romantic in me wanted to believe it was mourning my grandmother’s death and just couldn’t yield sweet nuts any more. Next, I turned to common sense. Walnut harvests, I told myself, differ from season to season, so our half-empty baskets were nothing to worry about. However, after the fifth poor harvest with dry, bitter fruit, I understood that I was witnessing something better known as decay. In suitable conditions, walnut trees in our region can live up to 100 years and yield nuts until they’re middle-aged. But the circumstances for that particular potica tree have worsened. The trees endure frost and snow, heat and strong winds, storms and floods, and heavily polluted air, water, soil. Well, I spotted a sign of hope for poticas early this year. A sapling next to the dying tree. Perhaps the dying tree delivered all its remaining nutrients to this sapling, whispering: “The preservationists are already here, trust me.” 1.What was the primary reason the grandmother considered baking as close to “the world of art”? A. The use of unique ingredients. B. The precision required in baking. C. The therapeutic nature of the baking process. D. The creative and cultural significance of baking. 2.What did the grandmother advise the author regarding her recipes? A. To strictly follow the recipes as they were. B. To adapt the recipes according to personal taste. C. To share the recipes with others in their original form. D. To learn traditional recipes from other cultures instead. 3.Why were the bold words “Was, bore” underlined in the passage? A. To emphasize the tree’s historical significance on the farm. B. To showcase the author’s admiration for the tree’s longevity. C. To indicate a transition from past to present in the tree’s state. D. To highlight the author’s uncertainty about the tree’s current condition. 4.How did the author feel according to the last paragraph? A. Sad at the decay of the walnut tree. B. Hopeful about the future of the walnut tree. C. Indifferent to the changes in the walnut tree. D. Unpleased with the new sapling next to the dying tree. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者对祖母的回忆，特别是祖母制作的斯洛文尼亚传统甜点波提察（potica）以及祖母对烘焙的热爱。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“I can still see her massaging flour, sugar, eggs, yeast, butter and milk into dough and injecting the pastry with jam to make buhhteljni.(我还能看到她把面粉、糖、鸡蛋、酵母、黄油和牛奶揉进面团里，在面皮上注入果酱，做成buhhteljni。)”和“I regret never telling her that even though she wasn’t graced with the life of an artist, she was nevertheless weaving something larger than her: a culture.(我后悔没有告诉她，尽管她没有被赋予艺术家的生活，但她却编织着比自己更大的东西：一种文化。)”可知，祖母认为烘焙接近“艺术世界”的主要原因是烘焙的创意和文化意义。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Once, she instructed me to never follow her recipes, but instead to adapt them however I saw fit.(有一次，她告诉我永远不要遵循她的食谱，而是按照我认为合适的方式进行调整。)”可知，祖母建议作者根据个人口味调整食谱。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“In the past decade, the 30-year-old tree has changed.(在过去的十年里，这棵30岁的树发生了变化。)”可知，文章中“Was, bore”这几个粗体字要下划线是为了表示树的状态从过去到现在的转变。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Well, I spotted a sign of hope for poticas early this year. A sapling next to the dying tree. Perhaps the dying tree delivered all its remaining nutrients to this sapling, whispering: “The preservationists are already here, trust me.”(好吧，今年早些时候，我看到了波提察的希望之光。那棵垂死的树旁边长出了一棵树苗。也许是那棵垂死的树把剩下的所有养分都输送给了这棵树苗，轻声说：“保护者已经来了，相信我。”)”可知，作者在最后一段中对核桃树的未来充满希望。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）There have been many great violinists but none could hold a candle to Kuznetsov, a miraculous young Russian. On his emergence while still in his teens, his playing was filled with timeless wisdom beyond his years; he now holds the stage with immense authority. So it comes no surprise that he is about to add a new string to his bow. When he performs with the English Chamber Orchestra, it will be as both soloist(独奏者) and conductor. “It’s something I’ve often thought about,” he says. Other musicians who have traded the bow or piano for the baton(指挥棒) have failed; the transition is not easy, of which he is aware. “The most crucial thing is the human chemistry between conductor and players. You must avoid at all costs being an outsider, as though saying to the orchestra,‘You make your music while I imagine mine. ’” He is quite relaxed about not yet having his own hand-language---every conductor is different. Kuznetsov believes the connection between notes is not just physical, but also spiritual. Spiritually is, for Kuznetsov, the conductor’s key characteristic. “And it should ideally be expressed through beauty of movement,” he says. Some conductors throw themselves about, others hardly move a muscle. Where will Kuznetsov fit on that scale? “We must wait and see,” he says. Kuznetsov himself moved straight as an arrow toward his goal. His father was an oboist(双簧管演奏者) and his mother conducted a choir, but at the age of four, young Leonid settled on the violin. “The violin is located at the front of the orchestra. It seemed very desirable to sit there and show off.” He gave his first concert at the age of five. “When I went on stage, I bowed so deeply and so long that the audience laughed---but I knew that this was what great artists always did. I felt it was an honour for the audience to listen to me.” His programme that day included Paganini variations, “which were very easy for me”. What is his view now of the recordings he made at that age? “I didn’t have the technique I have now but across the years the intuition has not changed. I still feel every time I go on stage as though I’m newborn.” Kuznetsov cautiously paces his own development. He didn’t give his first performance of Beethoven’s Violin Concerto until he felt ready for it, and he’ll let Bach’s works stay in his mind for some years. One of Kuznetsov’s admirers wonders whether he is in danger of not hanging onto “the fearlessness of youth”. On the evidence of Kuznetsov’s bravely assured new interpretation of the Brahms Concerto, which he plays on a new CD release, I’d say that his fearlessness is in no danger yet. 1.Kuznetsov thinks ________ is most important in conducting. A. the players’ recognition of the conductor B. the understanding between the conductor and the orchestra C. whether the conductor has cooperated with the players before D. the conductor’s and the orchestra’s knowledge of the composition 2.What can be learned about Kuznetsov from the passage? A. He isn’t as enthusiastic as before about the violin. B. He was confident while giving his first concert. C. He didn’t start to play the violin until five. D. He plans to give Bach’s works a try first. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. It’s easy for piano or violin players to become conductors. B. Violin players are usually those who like to show off in an orchestra. C. The writer thinks highly of Kuznetsov’s performance as a conductor. D. Kuznetsov hasn’t decided which conductor’s hand-language to follow. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. A violinist’s understanding of music. B. Kuznetsov’s efforts that have led to his success. C. A violinist’s new attempts in his musical ambitions. D. Kuznetsov’s insight into how techniques matter in performance. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伟大的小提琴家Kuznetsov试图转型为指挥家的音乐生涯的转变。 【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The most crucial thing is the human chemistry between conductor and players.”（最重要的是指挥家和演奏者之间的化学反应。）可知，Kuznetsov认为在指挥中指挥家和管弦乐队之间的默契是最重要的。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据第四段后三句When I went on stage, I bowed so deeply and so long that the audience laughed---but I knew that this was what great artists always did. I felt it was an honour for the audience to listen to me.” His programme that day included Paganini variations, “which were very easy for me”.（当我走上舞台，深深鞠了一躬，鞠了很长时间，观众们都笑了——但我知道，伟大的艺术家总是这样做的。我觉得听众能听我的节目是一种荣誉。他那天的节目包括帕格尼尼变奏曲，“对我来说很容易”。）可推知，Kuznetsov第一次演出时很自信。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“On the evidence of Kuznetsov’s bravely assured new interpretation of the Brahms Concerto, which he plays on a new CD release, I’d say that his fearlessness is in no danger yet.”（Kuznetsov在新发行的CD中对勃拉姆斯协奏曲进行了大胆的新诠释，根据这一证据，我想说他还是会一直无所畏惧的。）可知，作者对Kuznetsov作为指挥家的表演是评价很高的。故选C。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“There have been many great violinists but none could hold a candle to Kuznetsov, a miraculous young Russian. ”（伟大的小提琴家有很多，但没有人能与Kuznetsov相提并论，他是一位不可思议的年轻俄罗斯人。）和第二段第一句“Other musicians who have traded the bow or piano for the baton(指挥棒) have failed; the transition is not easy, of which he is aware.”（其他用小提琴或钢琴换指挥棒的音乐家已经失败了;这一转变并不容易，他也清楚这一点。）可知，本文是讲伟大的小提琴家Kuznetsov试图转型为指挥家的音乐生涯的转变。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 The best white noise machines for a good night’s sleep Sleep is crucial to health. But disruptive (扰乱的) noises can prevent you from falling asleep. White noise machines could help, according to one study. LectroFan Classic MASKS NOISE: LectroFan Classic helps block out disruptive environmental noises. It can help improve sleep, focus, privacy, and relaxation. 20 NON-REPEATING SOUNDS: A total of 20 unique non-repeating, digitally created sounds. 10 fan sounds & 10 white noise variations, including pink & brown noise. SAFE: Safe, solid-state design is powered by AC (交流电) or USB and dynamically creates unique, non-repeating sounds. VOLUME CONTROL: Precise volume control allows you to set the perfect level for your unique environment. Yogasleep Rohm+ EFFECTIVELY MASKS NOISE: The Rohm effectively cancels out noises that may disturb or distract you for improved sleep and concentration. GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sounds including music, nature, white, pink, and brown noise, as well as Bluetooth speaker features to allow you to play your own music or sounds and to make a conference call on the road when you need. CRUSH (压坏) RESISTANT: Stylish, crush-resistant travel case fits perfectly with Yogasleep Rohm white noise machines. BATTERY OPERATED: Rechargeable through USB. Hatch Rest+ BEST FOR BABIES: Sound machine — keep your little one dreaming with sounds like white noise, wind, and rain. Night light — make midnight feedings comforting and the dark less scary with a calming light. Time-to-Rise — set up this light and sound combination to let your early riser know when it’s time to rise. Built-in two-way sound monitor. POWERED BY: AC and rechargeable. Loftie Clock FAVORITE CLOCK: Loftie Clock uses sound and lights to help ease you into and out of sleep. GENTLY UNWIND: Enjoy over 100 free tracks, from breathwork and sound baths to all kinds of white noise and nature sounds. AI-GENERATED PERSONAL STORIES: Loftie’s Magic Story Maker AI has an upgraded feature that lets you create sleep stories with Typeform. It then uses ChatGPT and ElevenLabs AI to craft your story. Unlocking the Magic Story Maker AI requires an upgrade to a Loftie+ account in the app ($5 per month). POWERED BY: AC power 1._____ is the most suitable for Joana, whose baby sleeps in her room. A. LectroFan Classic B. Yogasleep Rohm+ C. Hatch Rest+ D. Loftie Clock 2.If you want to buy a white noise machine for your friend Tim, who often travels on business, you need to pay _____. A. $34.95. B. $40.03. C. $159.99. D. $149.00. 3.What can be learned about the four white noise machines? A. The four of them can all produce white noise and nature sounds. B. One of them can help you create your own sleep stories for free. C. Two of them can be powered by both AC and rechargeable batteries. D. Two of them can not only help you fall asleep but also wake you up. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个最好的白噪音机，让你睡个好觉。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Hatch Rest+中“BEST FOR BABIES: Sound machine — keep your little one dreaming with sounds like white noise, wind, and rain.(最适合宝宝：声音机——让你的宝宝在睡梦中听到白噪音、风声和雨声)”可知，Hatch Rest+最适合Joana，因为她的宝宝睡在她的房间里。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Yogasleep Rohm+中“GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sounds including music, nature, white, pink, and brown noise, as well as Bluetooth speaker features to allow you to play your own music or sounds and to make a conference call on the road when you need.(柔和的声音：20种不同的声音，包括音乐，自然，白色，粉红色和棕色的噪音，以及蓝牙扬声器功能，让你播放自己的音乐或声音，并在你需要的时候在路上召开电话会议)”可知，此款适合经常出差的朋友，以及其价格是$40.03。由此可知，如果你想给经常出差的朋友Tim买一台白噪音机，你需要支付40.03美元。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Hatch Rest+中“Time-to-Rise — set up this light and sound combination to let your early riser know when it’s time to rise.(起床时间——设置灯光和声音的组合，让早起的你知道什么时候该起床了)”以及Loftie Clock中“FAVORITE CLOCK: Loftie Clock uses sound and lights to help ease you into and out of sleep.(最喜欢的闹钟: Loftie Clock利用声音和灯光帮助你轻松入睡和入睡)”可知，关于这四种白噪音机器，我们可以了解到其中两种不仅可以帮助你入睡，还可以唤醒你。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海向明中学·期中）How We Kept Mother’s Day The concept of Mother’s Day is a wonderful idea, especially for a large family like ours. It made us appreciate our mother’s years of sacrifice and effort. To show our gratitude, we decided to make it a major holiday. Father took the day off work, and my siblings and I skipped our classes to celebrate. We planned to decorate the house, and we asked Mother to do it, as she always does for Christmas. We all dressed in our best clothes for the occasion. The original surprise was to take Mother on a lovely drive into the beautiful countryside, a rare treat for her. However, Father suggested a better plan: a fishing trip. He argued that having a purpose, like fishing, would make the drive more enjoyable. He even had a new fishing rod. Mother, however, preferred to watch rather than fish herself. As we prepared to leave, we realized the car was too small for all of us and the fishing gear. After much discussion, it was decided that Mother would stay home. Father insisted it was for her own good, saying she could have a quiet, restful day and avoid catching a cold outdoors. He said a peaceful day was the best gift for her. So, we all went fishing without her. We had a splendid time. Father caught large fish, and my sisters met some friends. We returned home late to find that Mother had prepared a magnificent dinner for us. She spent the meal fetching things for everyone. After dinner, she insisted on cleaning up alone, as we wanted just for once to humor her. When we kissed her goodnight, she said it was the most wonderful day of her life, with tears in her eyes. We all felt deeply rewarded for our efforts. 1.What was the family’s original plan to celebrate Mother’s Day? A. To go fishing in the hills. B. To have a big dinner at home. C. To take Mother for a drive in the country. D. To decorate the house and give Mother gifts. 2.Why did the family decide to leave Mother at home in the end? A. Because Mother explicitly said she did not want to go. B. Because the car was too small for everyone and the gear. C. Because Mother needed to prepare the grand dinner. D. Because the weather turned bad and it was too cold for her. 3.The primary ironic effect of the story is created by the fact that __________. A. the children skipped their classes to celebrate the holiday B. the father bought a new fishing rod just for the trip C. Mother ended up working all day while the family enjoyed themselves D. the family drove away and waved goodbye to Mother 4.The word “humor” in the sentence “...we wanted just for once to humor her” is closest in meaning to __________. A. amuse B. appreciate C. indulge D. ridicule 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家计划庆祝母亲节，原想带母亲出游，后因车小让她留在家休息。结果全家开心钓鱼，母亲却整日操劳做饭洗碗，还含泪说这是最棒的一天，充满讽刺意味。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The original surprise was to take Mother on a lovely drive into the beautiful countryside, a rare treat for her.(最初的惊喜是带母亲去一次愉快的乡村之旅，这对她来说是一次难得的享受。)”可知，这个家庭原本计划带母亲去一次愉快的乡村之旅。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As we prepared to leave, we realized the car was too small for all of us and the fishing gear. After much discussion, it was decided that Mother would stay home.( 在准备出发的时候，我们意识到车对于我们所有人和钓鱼装备来说都太小了。经过多次讨论，决定让母亲留在家里。)”可知，这家人最终决定让母亲留在家里是因为那辆车对于所有人以及里面的物品来说都太小了。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“So, we all went fishing without her. We had a splendid time. Father caught large fish, and my sisters met some friends. We returned home late to find that Mother had prepared a magnificent dinner for us. She spent the meal fetching things for everyone. After dinner, she insisted on cleaning up alone, as we wanted just for once to humor her.( 所以，我们都去钓鱼了，没有带她一起去。我们度过了一段非常愉快的时光。父亲捕到了很多大鱼，我的姐妹们还结识了一些朋友。我们很晚才回家，却发现母亲已经为我们准备了一顿丰盛的晚餐。她在这顿饭期间为大家一一端上食物。饭后，她坚持独自收拾餐桌，因为我们只想为她这一次的坚持做一次让步。)”可知，母亲节本该让妈妈休息，结果全家出去玩，妈妈在家做饭、上菜、洗碗。由此可推知，这个故事产生的主要讽刺效果源于这样一个事实：母亲整天都在工作，而全家人都在尽情享受假期。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“We returned home late to find that Mother had prepared a magnificent dinner for us. She spent the meal fetching things for everyone. After dinner, she insisted on cleaning up alone, as we wanted just for once to humor her.(我们很晚才回家，却发现母亲已经为我们准备了一顿丰盛的晚餐。她在这顿饭期间为大家一一端上食物。饭后，她坚持独自收拾餐桌，因为我们只想为她这一次的坚持humor。)”可知，母亲节本该让妈妈休息，结果全家出去玩，妈妈在家做饭、上饭，还坚持独自收拾餐桌。此处指其他家人就想这一次顺着她、迁就她，让她独自收拾餐桌。这是一种讽刺表达，故可猜测划线单词humor为“迎合，迁就，顺应”的意思，和C选项indulge“纵容，迁就”意思相近。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海南洋模范中学·期中）MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself. Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company. The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects. One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?” Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.” I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.” 1.Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden? A. She didn’t want to do all the work on her own. B. She intended to show the hard labor of gardening. C. She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired. D. She was determined to keep the garden to herself. 2.What were the children like? ① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong A. ①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ④⑤ 3.The underlined word “resent” probably means________. A. dislike B. expect C. keep D. sacrifice 4.What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story? A. The best way to communicate with children is by working together. B. The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work. C. Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend. D. Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢在自己的花园里独处，享受这份宁静祥和，可是孩子们很喜欢在花园里帮助作者干活，慢慢作者喜欢和孩子们一起在花园里干活，同时意识到自己的自私，认识到应该和家人一起分享园艺的乐趣。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.(我的花园是我的避难所，我在里面找到了与世隔绝的感觉。我有七个孩子，所以我们家现在是一片混乱。很长一段时间，我守卫着这个宁静祥和的地方。当孩子们跟着我走进花园时，我会给他们分配任务。“在这里，你给豆子除草，给洋葱浇水”很快他们就会热起来，或者他们的背会因为弯腰而疼痛，最后他们就会留我一人在花园。)”可知，作者很爱在花园里独处，享受着宁静祥和，但是孩子们来到花园后，作者无法享受这份宁静，由此可以推断出，作者给孩子们分配任务，是因为等他们累了，他们就会离开花园，把作者一个人留在花园里，这样作者就能独立待在花园里，故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion.(我有七个孩子，所以我们家现在是一片混乱，非常热闹。)”可知，作者的孩子很吵闹，也很活泼，根据第二段中“My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping.(我13岁的儿子Josiah拿起一把备用铲子开始帮忙。)”和第三段中“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster(每一次，我都会惊讶地发现，因为他们的帮助，工作变得更轻松，他们的笑声让时间过得更快)”可知，孩子们总是帮助作者，所以说他们很有爱心，由此可知，孩子们是吵闹，活泼和有爱心的，故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段上文“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster.(每一次，我都会惊讶地发现，因为他们的帮助，工作变得更轻松，他们的笑声让时间过得更快)”可知，有了孩子们的帮助，工作变得很轻松，笑声也让时间过得更快，这说明作者开始喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起工作，结合划线单词下文“instead I began to share my gardening secrets.(相反我开始分享我的园艺秘诀。)”可知，作者开始喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起工作，不再讨厌孩子们的陪伴，而且开始和孩子们一起分享自己的园艺秘密，由此可推知，划线单词“resent”和dislike(不喜欢)意思一样，故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I'll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”(我意识到自己有多自私。我一直想把园艺的乐趣留给自己，而这个孩子迫不及待地想和她的兄弟姐妹们分享。我忍住眼泪说“当然，亲爱的，我们摘一些，我教你怎么做。我们会做出最美味的晚餐”)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者喜欢在自己的花园里独处，享受这份宁静祥和，可是孩子们很喜欢在花园里帮助作者干活，慢慢作者喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起干活，同时意识到自己的自私，认识到应该和家人一起分享园艺的乐趣，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了告诉读者，和你的家人或朋友分享，一切都会感觉更好。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海格致中学·期中）I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough? These thoughts often distracted me, especially in meetings or social events. I had a whole inner self-talk going on in my head. Every facial expression and comment from others seemed full of hidden meaning. I would polish these “truths” about myself like shiny little stones and carry them around. It was exhausting. But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are. Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others. For example, if crowds make you uncomfortable, you might assume someone else disliked a big party — when in fact, they may have loved it. Brain imaging has also shown that the “default network” of our brain lights up when we are at rest, and it is the same area that activates when we think about ourselves. In other words, our mind’s natural state is self-focus. So when I worry that people think I’m too intense, who is really thinking that? Me. The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. This doesn’t mean people will never judge or say harsh things. But often, their judgments aren’t truly about us. People are frequently the most critical of qualities in others that they feel insecure about in themselves. The freedom comes when we stop internalizing others’ words and start asking, “What does this reveal about them?” Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating. 1.What was the writer mainly concerned about in the beginning? A. Why social events were often exhausting. B. Why people were speaking to themselves. C. How his words and behaviour were perceived. D. How well people remembered his achievements. 2.What do later studies suggest about people’s judgement of others? A. They pay attention to others’ feedback. B. They rely mainly on logic and evidence. C. They often draw on personal experience. D. They enjoy guessing others’ likes and dislikes. 3.What does the phrase “a blip” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A. Something small and unimportant. B. A major event that is well recorded. C. Something that attracts most people. D. A common topic people like to discuss. 4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. The Danger of Self-Focused Thinking B. No One Is Really Thinking About You C. Finding Freedom from Constant Self-Judgment D. Why We Worry Too Much About Others’ Opinions 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人们过度在意他人对自己的评价”这一现象展开，结合研究结果指出大多数人更关注自身，他人对我们的注意力远不如我们想象中多，最终倡导人们摆脱对他人评价的过度纠结，获得内心自由。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough?(我过去常常花很多时间担心别人如何评价我。我说得太多了吗？太少了？我是不是太强势了，或者不够有趣？)”可知，作者一开始主要关心的是自己的言行举止如何被他人看待。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others.(后续研究证实了这一规律。心理学家发现，我们在评判他人时会以自己的经历为依据。)”可知，后续研究表明人们对他人的评判往往基于个人经验。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. (事实是，我们永远不知道别人真正在想什么。他们很可能正忙着担心别人对自己的看法。我在他们的思绪里，不过是a blip罢了。)”可知，他人的注意力都集中在自己身上，我们在他们的思绪中并不重要。由此推测“a blip”意为“微小且不重要的事物”。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are.(但研究表明，大多数人其实并没有在真正关注我们。事实上，研究发现约78%的对话中，人们都是在谈论自己。研究人员表示，对话的主要作用是让说话者分享关于自身的信息。)”以及最后一段中的“Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating.(意识到大多数人的思绪都聚焦在他们自己身上，这一点能让人获得极大的解脱。)”可知，文章核心围绕“大多数人并不会真正关注他人”展开，通过研究和分析指出他人的思维以自我为中心，因此最适合的标题是“没有人真的在思考你”。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中） This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. Object Placement • Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. • All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. Open Display • All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. • All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. Recommendations Distance Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. Cased Objects • All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. • Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. • Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 1.From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors 2.According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man 3.A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________. A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了格拉斯哥博物馆对参展物品所规定的展示标准和要求。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. ”（格拉斯哥博物馆的目标是通过展示尽可能多的物品，并且没有物理障碍，来改善人们对藏品的访问）可知从这段话中，我们可以了解到格拉斯哥博物馆重视游客的体验。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三部分“All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.”（所有被确定为可能开放展示的物品必须由博物馆的安全经理逐个查看并同意），可知根据该指南，公开展示的物品必须首先获得博物馆的批准。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一部分“All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.”（所有带外壳的显示器应在750-2000mm的一般最佳观看范围内。确保所有东西都可以从轮椅上看到。）以及“Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. ”（摆放小物件或有细节的物件，距离地面不超过1015mm）可知一位母亲和她10岁的儿子在放在950毫米高的玻璃盒子里的钻石面前都会感到很舒服。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself, she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her. There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air. Now she was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will — as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. There would be no one to live for during the coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering. She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom. Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. 1.Why does the author include the detail about Mrs. Mallard’s heart condition in the first paragraph? A. To foreshadow the ending and make it believable. B. To explain why she needed Mr. Mallard to care for her. C. To alert the readers to the potential harm of heart attacks. D. To reinforce the notion that women are weak. 2.The underlined word “forestall” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. predict B. beg C. prevent D. propose 3.At the end of the story, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________. A. was cheating on Mrs. Mallard with Josephine B. made up the entire story to play a joke on his wife C. jumped off the train before it crashed D. was never even on the train in the first place 4.What might have led to the death of Mrs. Mallard? A. The excitement at the thought that she would soon enjoy freedom B. The shock upon the sight of her husband walking in while she thought he was dead C. The late arrival of the doctors who failed to save her in time D. The sadness that struck her when she was informed of her husband’s deaths 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mrs. Mallard在得知丈夫在铁路事故中去世后，经历了一系列复杂的情感变化，从最初的悲痛到后来的自由渴望，然而当丈夫突然归来时，她因过度震惊而心脏疾病发作去世的故事。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. (得知Mrs. Mallard患有心脏病，人们小心翼翼地尽可能温和地告诉她丈夫去世的消息。)”和最后一段“When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. (医生来的时候说她是死于心脏病——是喜悦致死。)”可知第一段这一细节为后文Mrs. Mallard的突然死亡埋下了伏笔，使得她的死亡在情节上显得合理且可信。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. (得知Mrs. Mallard患有心脏病，人们小心翼翼地尽可能温和地告诉她丈夫去世的消息。)”和第二段“He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. (他只花时间通过第二封电报确认了消息的真实性，就急忙赶去forestall任何不那么细心、不那么体贴的朋友传递这个悲伤的消息。)”可知Richards是想要抢在其他人之前告诉Mrs. Mallard这个消息，以免她从其他不细心的人那里听到这个悲伤消息。因此，“forestall”在这里的意思是“阻止，预防”，与选项C“prevent”意思相近。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. (有人用钥匙打开了前门。是Brently Mallard进来了，他有点旅行沾染的污渍，平静地拿着他的手提包和雨伞。他离事故现场很远，甚至不知道发生了事故。)”可知，Mr. Mallard离事故现场很远，甚至不知道发生了事故，所以推测他根本不在那列发生事故的火车上。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. (医生来的时候说她是死于心脏病——是喜悦致死。)”以及前文描述Mrs. Mallard在以为丈夫去世后，内心渴望自由，而当丈夫突然归来时，她因过度震惊而心脏疾病发作。因此，可以推断Mrs. Mallard的死亡是由于看到她以为已经去世的丈夫突然出现而受到的震惊。故选B。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海位育中学·期中）In recent years, the food industry has increased its use of labels. Whether the labels say ‘non-GMO’ or ‘no sugar,’ or ‘zero carbohydrates’, consumers are increasingly demanding more information about what’s in their food. One report found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are responding to the report with new labels to meet that demand, and they’re doing so with an eye towards giving their products an advantage over the competition, and bolstering profits. This strategy makes intuitive sense. If consumers say they want transparency, tell them exactly what is in your product. That is simply supplying a certain demand. But the marketing strategy in response to this consumer demand has gone beyond showing what is in a product, to labeling what is NOT in the food. These labels are known as “absence claims” labels, and they represent an emerging labeling trend that is harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its canned crushed tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that at the time there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Some dairy companies are using the “non-GMO” label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally GMO-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food. While creating labels that play on consumer fears and misconceptions about their food may give a company a temporary marketing advantage over competing products on the grocery aisle, in the long term this strategy will have just the opposite effect: by injecting fear into the discourse about our food, we run the risk of eroding consumer trust in not just a single product, but the entire food business. Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Were these foods ever safe? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to my family or the planet? For food manufacturers, it will mean damaged consumer trust and lower sales for everyone. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study found that absence claims labels can create a stigma (污名) around foods even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm. It’s clear that food manufacturers must tread carefully when it comes to using absence claims. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, this verbal trick sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and ultimately, more costly food products. If we allow this kind of labeling to continue, we will all lose. 1.What is the author’s opinion about manufacturers’ new marketing strategy? A. Stressing the absence of certain elements in their products B. Showing the unique nutritional value of their products C. Supplying detailed information of their products D. Designing transparent labels for their products 2.What point does the author make about non-GMO labels? A. They are increasingly attracting customers’ attention. B. They create lots of trouble for GMO food producers. C. They should be used more for vegetables and milk D. They cause anxiety about food among consumers. 3.What does the author say absence claims labels will do to food manufacturers? A. Cause changes in their marketing strategies. B. Help remove stigma around their products C. Erode consumer trust and reduce sales. D. Decrease support from food scientists. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. Why Consumers Demand Greater Food transparency B. The High Cost of “Free-From” Foodlabels C. The Benefits of Non-GMO Labeling in the Food Industry D. How Absence Claims Labels Build Consumer Trust 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。探讨了食品行业中“无添加声明”标签这一新兴营销策略，分析其对消费者和食品行业的潜在危害。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“But the marketing strategy in response to this consumer demand has gone beyond showing what is in a product, to labeling what is NOT in the food. These labels are known as “absence claims” labels, and they represent an emerging labeling trend that is harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. (但是，针对这种消费者需求的营销策略已经超越了显示产品中含有什么，而是标注食品中不含什么。这些标签被称为“无添加声明”标签，它们代表了一种新兴的标签趋势，对购买产品的消费者和供应产品的行业都有害)”可知，作者认为制造商的新营销策略是强调其产品中没有某些成分。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some dairy companies are using the “non-GMO” label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally GMO-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food. (尽管事实上所有的牛奶都是天然的不含转基因的，一些乳制品公司在他们的牛奶上使用“非转基因”的标签，这种标签在食物方面制造了不必要的恐惧)”可知，作者认为非转基因标签会引发消费者对食物的焦虑。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“For food manufacturers, it will mean damaged consumer trust and lower sales for everyone. (对食品制造商来说，这将意味着消费者信任受损，所有人的销售额都会下降)”可知，作者认为“无添加声明”标签会侵蚀消费者信任并减少食品制造商的销售额。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It’s clear that food manufacturers must tread carefully when it comes to using absence claims. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, this verbal trick sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and ultimately, more costly food products. If we allow this kind of labeling to continue, we will all lose. (很明显，食品制造商在使用“无添加声明”时必须谨慎。除了可能对销售产生长期负面影响外，这种文字技巧还传递了一个信息，即农业和食品加工的创新不受欢迎，最终会导致效率降低、消费者选择减少，最终食品价格上涨。如果我们允许这种标签继续存在，我们都会蒙受损失)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要论述了“无添加声明”标签这种营销策略的高成本，包括对消费者信任和行业发展的负面影响，B选项“‘无添加’食品标签的高成本”最能概括文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海进华中学·期中）As a boy, when Jonny Kinkead wasn’t making things using the tools in his dad’s garage, he was messing about with a guitar. And the two pre-occupations have been his living for the past four decades: building steel-string guitars by hand. “The guitar still appeals to me,” he says. “Making a sound out of wood—it’s amazing what you can do.” Jonny learned to play his brother’s guitar when he was eleven. Then, when he was sixteen, he wanted to learn the bass guitar. “Some people would have got a holiday job and saved up and bought one,” he says. “But I was of a mindset that if you wanted something, you made it.” Although the bass was the first instrument Jonny built from nothing, he and his brothers had long been doing essentially the same thing with other items. “I made model boats and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar with that process. My father had taught me and my brothers how to use tools, and we had free materials in the garage.” Jonny had also been customizing and repairing instruments for his mates. Jonny’s bass guitar turned out well, but the idea of a career building guitars had yet to cross his mind. “My ambition then was to be a sculptor,” he says. His interests evolved further and on finishing school, he chose to study architecture at university. Halfway through the course, however, he dropped out, but left with a clearer idea of what he wanted to do and started to think seriously about guitar making. “I was still interested in painting and sculpture but I realized that when you are building guitars, you’re actually sculpting sound.” In addition, he explains, “I thought this might be more reliable than being an artist as it’s craft-based.” Ever since then, Jonny has made guitars for a living. For the first ten years, he added to his income by cleaning windows part-time. The first guitars he sold only went for the cost of the materials, but as he developed a reputation as one of the best guitar-makers around, he was able to charge a little more. But even now, almost forty years later, Jonny describes what he does as “still scratching a living”. He admits he can never actually turn out more than ten guitars a year, which inevitably restricts his earnings. 1.Why did Jonny choose to make a bass guitar for himself in his teens? A. He regarded it as the natural thing to do. B. He feared that he would not be able to afford one. C. He saw it as good practice for making other guitars. D. He thought he could ensure it was in the style he wanted. 2.In paragraph 3, “that process” refers to _____. A. doing some favours for friends B. cooperating with his brothers C. creating something from nothing D. getting tools and materials ready 3.What does Jonny say about the architecture course he attended? A. It gave him the chance to explore different types of art. B. It helped him become financially independent. C. It provided him with ideas for guitar design. D. It enabled him to decide on a career path. 4.Jonny suggests that the main reason for his low income is _____. A. the high cost of the materials he makes guitars with B. the small number of guitars that he produces C. the limited demand for hand-made guitars D. the competition between guitar-makers 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Jonny Kinkead由于小时候的经历在念大学时决定选择制作低音吉他作为自己的职业。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“ “Some people would have got a holiday job and saved up and bought one,” he says. “But I was of a mindset that if you wanted something, you made it.” (他说：“有些人会找到一份假期工作，然后存起来买一份。”。“但我的想法，如果你想要什么，你就自己做。”)”可知，Jonny在十几岁时选择自己做一把贝斯吉他是因为他认为自己做是理所当然的。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Although the bass was the first instrument Jonny built from nothing, he and his brothers had long been doing essentially the same thing with other items.“I made model boats and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar with that process. (尽管低音贝斯是Jonny从无到有制作的第一种乐器，但他和他的兄弟们长期以来一直在对其他乐器做基本相同的事情。“我小时候做过模型船和飞机，所以我对这个过程很熟悉。”)”可知，Jonny和兄弟们长期以来在父亲的指导下自己制作乐器，这是一个从无到有的创造过程。由此猜测that process指的是“从无到有制作一件东西”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Jonny’s bass guitar turned out well, but the idea of a career building guitars had yet to cross his mind. “My ambition then was to be a sculptor,” he says. His interests evolved further and on finishing school, he chose to study architecture at university. Halfway through the course, however, he dropped out, but left with a clearer idea of what he wanted to do and started to think seriously about guitar making. (乔尼的低音吉他非常不错，但他还没有想过要用吉他来建立职业生涯。“当时我的志向是成为一名雕塑家，”他说。他的兴趣进一步发展，在完成学业后，他选择在大学学习建筑。然而，课程进行到一半时，他退出了，但离开时对自己想做什么有了更清晰的想法，并开始认真思考吉他制作)”可知，Jonny所上的建筑学课程促使他决定了以制作吉他为职业。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He admits he can never actually turn out more than ten guitars a year, which inevitably restricts his earnings. (他承认，实际上他一年制作的吉他永远不会超过10把，这不可避免地限制了他的收入)”可知，Jonny认为他的低收入是因为他制作的吉他数量很少——一年不超过10把。故选B。 Passage 3 How to place an Order of Custom Jeans Select the Fabric & Styles →Fabric （布料）—Select the Fabric from our large collection of Denim Fabric Samples. →Special Wash—Select your favorite special wash treatment to make your jeans look stylish. →Thread Color—Select the thread color you want. You can select secondary thread color also, which can be used at certain stitches. Also, you can specify where you want to use the secondary thread under special not at the end of measurements. →Pocket Style - Select the front pocket & back pocket style. If you want your own styled front & back pocket, select my own design & send us the photo of the pocket style you want. If you are going with our default （默认） pocket style, we will make your jeans with basic 5-pocket pattern, which is universal style for jeans in all countries in the world. →Fly Style - Select the fly style you want, the Zip Fly or the Button Fly. Measurements Select one option from “Make My Jeans” & “Copy A Jeans” →Make My Jeans - First Select ftting type according to what type of ftting you want for your jeans. Give your exact body measurements as described & shown in the photos. We will leave extra loosing as described in “Fitting Guide Table”. So refer to table first & then decide your fitting type. →Copy A Jeans - If you already have a perfect jeans and you like it the most, then you can send us all the measurements to us by following the instructions in “Copy A Jeans” section. We will make the perfect copy of your favorite jeans. Please note we can copy only the measurements, not the fabric and accessories. The measurements written in the measurements box by you will be the final measurements for your order processing. To change or modify it, contact us by E- mail or by phone and we will inform you about your order status and we will tell you what modification we are able to do at that stage. Confirm Your Order By pressing PROCEED tab, you will be redirected to “Confirm Order” page. On this page, you will see all the details you selected during order, you can again modify order by clicking edit tab. After confirming your order, press PROCEED tab. Make Payment You can make payments in different ways. We provide PayPal (direct pay by PayPal & by your credit card), net-banking, cheque or cash deposit and send a demand draft options. Delivery After confirmation of your payment, we will start the jeans making process for you, and we will deliver your jeans within 30 days. After dispatching from here, it will take 3-5 days to deliver in India and 6-9 days to deliver out of India. Enjoy Wearing SQ Jeans TM. 1.In Fabric & Styles, which item leaves you with the least personal choice? A. Fabric. B. Fly Style. C. Pocket Style. D. Thread Color 2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is True? A. The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in your order. B. If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed, nothing can be done to fix the situation. C. Before payment, you can check your order in detail and feel free to make modifications multiple times. D. The tailor will make an identical copy of your favorite jeans if you follow the instructions in “Copy A Jeans” section. 3.If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October 12, you will receive your jeans no later than________. A. Oct.21 B. Nov.11 C. Nov.16 D. Nov.20 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是如何订购定制牛仔裤. (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Select the Fabric & Styles部分的Fabric （布料）—Select the Fabric from our large collection of Denim Fabric Samples（面料-从我们大量的牛仔面料样品中选择面料）；Fly Style - Select the fly style you want, the Zip Fly or the Button Fly（飞行风格-选择你想要的飞行风格，Zip飞行或按钮飞行）；Pocket Style - Select the front pocket & back pocket style. If you want your own styled front & back pocket, select my own design & send us the photo of the pocket style you want. If you are going with our default （默认） pocket style, we will make your jeans with basic 5-pocket pattern（口袋风格-选择前口袋和后口袋风格。如果你想要你自己风格的前和后口袋，选择我自己的设计和发送你想要的我们的照片口袋风格。如果你使用我们默认的口袋样式，我们会为你制作基本的5口袋样式的牛仔裤）；Thread Color—Select the thread color you want. You can select secondary thread color also, which can be used at certain stitches. Also, you can specify where you want to use the secondary thread under special not at the end of measurements（线的颜色选择你想要的线的颜色。你也可以选择次要的线色，可以用于某些针脚。此外，你还可以在特殊情况下(不是在测量结束时)指定要使用辅助线程的位置）可知，飞行风格的选择最少，只有两种可选。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Confirm Your Order部分的“On this page, you will see all the details you selected during order, you can again modify order by clicking edit tab.After confirming your order, press PROCEED tab.”（在此页面上，您将看到您在订单期间选择的所有详细信息，您可以通过单击编辑选项卡再次修改订单）可知，在付款之前，您可以检查您的订单的细节，并自由地进行多次修改。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Delivery部分的“we will deliver your jeans within 30 days. After dispatching from here, it will take 3-5 days to deliver in India and 6-9 days to deliver out of India”（将在30天内交货。从这里发货，到印度需要3-5天，从印度需要6-9天）可知，如果你在10月12日下海外订单，那么将在30天之内发货，从印度寄出海外需6-9天，因此收货时长为36-39天，即最晚不超过11月20日可以收货。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）Expect the night sky to start changing fast. One day soon, the stars we can see from Earth could be outnumbered by huge quantities of satellites. While many people today live under the influence of light pollution, we can at least still travel to a glittering night sky in the mountains, the desert, or at sea. But if communications technology follows its current trend, anyone who wants to escape the byproducts of human activity might have to go to the moon. Some professional astronomers raised alarms last spring, and again in November, after SpaceX launched a series of 60 Starlink satellites. These don’t present a big problem yet, but when thousands more shine down on us, they could interfere with our ability to detect the farthest, faintest objects in the universe. The wider effect will be on amateur sky watchers, campers, sailors, dreamers, poets, children, visionaries and anyone else who has ever been moved by the beauty of the Milky Way set against the dark mystery of space. “We’re entering a second space age now, 70 years after the start of the first one,” says McDowell, space historian and astronaut of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The cost of launching things into space is finally cheap, so the number of things in space is going to explode. SpaceX has plans to launch 30,000 more satellites, in addition to the 12,000 already approved by the FCC and FAA. McDowell predicts that other companies are likely to launch their own satellites. The result could be cheap or free high-speed Internet access for everyone on the planet, at the price of our view of timeless constellations (永恒的星座). Some communication can be done with higher, less noticeable satellites in geostationary orbit, he explains, but those can’t get enough bandwidth to offer everyone video streaming. For that we need the satellites in low-earth orbit, where they will parade across our view. The sky will become even more messy if Jeff Bezos carries out his plan to move communications industry into space — an effort that would require hundreds of thousands of much larger, brighter satellites, says McDowell. “Our concern is about our connection to the universe,” says Ruskin Hartley, the president of the International Dark-Sky Association. His group, which has been active in trying to decrease earth-bound light pollution, has also taken a stand on the space-based kind. While there are billions out there, our eyes can pick up just 10,000 or so from a relatively dark place, he says, so soon our view could be “twinkling with satellites.” Is it selfish to want to keep our night sky, knowing some people still don’t have Internet access? Maybe. But many of the disconnected surely feel a connection to the night sky, too. McDowell says one good compromise solution would be an international agreement, similar to a space junk pact (公约) through the Interagency Space Debris Coordination Committee. Through that agreement, companies with plans to launch satellites now design them so they fall to Earth after 25 years. A similar agreement might encourage people to design satellites with minimal impact on our view. 1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Besides SpaceX, FCC and FAA will launch 12,000 satellites into space. B. Hartley considers too many satellites in the night sky as light pollution. C. Due to the current light pollution on the earth, we can’t enjoy a beautiful night sky. D. There will be an international agreement to limit the number of satellites in the sky. 2.What can we infer from the passage? A. It is almost impossible to launch more satellites into space in the future. B. If the current trend continues, there will be more satellites than stars in space. C. The satellites in low-earth orbit are more advanced than those in geostationary orbit. D. It is almost unlikely to enjoy the glittering night sky with the fast access to the Internet. 3.Which of the following experts or organizations does the author oppose? A. FAA and Jeff Bezos. B. Ruskin Hartley and SpaceX. C. McDowell and the International Dark-Sky Association. D. Jeff Bezos and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 4.What may be the best title for this passage? A. Say “No” to satellite launch B. The threat from numerous satellites C. Satellites are changing the night sky as we know it D. Which matters more? Internet access or a glittering night sky? 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了卫星发射对夜空的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段““Our concern is about our connection to the universe,” says Ruskin Hartley, the president of the International Dark-Sky Association. His group, which has been active in trying to decrease earth-bound light pollution, has also taken a stand on the space-based kind. While there are billions out there, our eyes can pick up just 10,000 or so from a relatively dark place, he says, so soon our view could be “twinkling with satellites.” (国际暗夜协会主席拉斯金・哈特利表示：“我们担忧的是人类与宇宙的联结。”他的组织一直致力于减少地球光污染，如今也对太空光污染表明了立场。他说，虽然宇宙中有数十亿颗星星，但我们的眼睛只能从相对较暗的地方看到大约1万颗，所以很快我们的视野就会“随着卫星的闪烁”)”可知，Hartley的组织在致力于减少地球光污染的同时，也对“the space-based kind”表明了立场。结合上下文可知，“the space-based kind”指代的是space-based light pollution，即他认为过多的卫星构成了太空光污染。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Expect the night sky to start changing fast. One day soon, the stars we can see from Earth could be outnumbered by huge quantities of satellites. (预计夜空将开始快速变化。不久的将来，从地球上能看到的星星数量，可能会被大量卫星超越)”可推断，若当前趋势持续，太空中的卫星数量将超过星星。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“SpaceX has plans to launch 30,000 more satellites, in addition to the 12,000 already approved by the FCC and FAA. (除了已获FCC和FAA批准的1.2万颗卫星外，SpaceX还计划再发射3万颗卫星)”以及第四段“The sky will become even more messy if Jeff Bezos carries out his plan to move communications industry into space -- an effort that would require hundreds of thousands of much larger, brighter satellites (如果Jeff Bezos实施将通信产业转移到太空的计划，夜空会变得更糟，这一计划需要数十万颗更大、更亮的卫星)”可知，作者反对批准卫星发射的FAA以及计划发射大量卫星的Jeff Bezos。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But if communications technology follows its current trend, anyone who wants to escape the byproducts of human activity might have to go to the moon. (但是，如果通信技术按照目前的趋势发展下去，任何想要逃离人类活动副产品的人可能都得去月球了)”、第三段最后一句“The result could be cheap or free high-speed Internet access for everyone on the planet, at the price of our view of timeless constellations. (其结果可能是地球上的每个人都能获得廉价或免费的高速互联网接入，代价是我们看不到永恒的星座)”、最后一段第一句“Is it selfish to want to keep our night sky, knowing some people still don’t have Internet access? Maybe.But many of the disconnected surely feel a connection to the night sky, too. (在知道有些人还不能上网的情况下，想要保留我们的夜空是自私的吗？也许吧。但许多失去联系的人肯定也觉得与夜空有联系)”并通读全文可知，文章讨论卫星网络与星空保护的冲突，D选项“哪个更重要？上网还是看灿烂的夜空？”最适合用作文章标题。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）A friend recently shared a post from the satirical (嘲讽的) site Reductress. It depicted a woman, arms held triumphantly high, beneath the headline:“ She Did It! This Woman Was Able To Confirm That Everyone Was Not Mad At Her!” I sometimes feel the same heart-sinking insecurity. If I haven’t heard from a friend in a while, or their most recent message seemed a bit a little too direct, my mind throws up the question: did I do something wrong? In many ways it’s a senseless reaction — I’ve no real reason to believe I’ve offended or upset them; they’re probably just busy. Yet I can’t shake the feeling. Why are we so quick to assume that our friends are mad at us — or even ready to drop us? “When we fear that our friends are mad at us, it feels really convincing,” says psychotherapist Meg Josephson. “ We’re trying to relieve this anxiety, so we seek reassurance —’ Was I annoying? Was I weird?’ — but it’s not getting to the actual feeling that’s underneath it. ” In her new book Are You Mad At Me?, Josephson says this impulse is driven by a desire to please and be affirmed. The so-called“ fawn response” is one way we respond to threats, whether real (physical danger) or perceived (your friend taking longer than usual to text you back). “The fawn response is about lessening the threat, so that you can feel safe, ” says Josephson. “ Your immediate instinct is to be ‘Are we OK?’ — or to compliment them, or be helpful to them, so that you can ease the perceived tension. ” Less well known than the fight or flight response, it is often developed in childhood in response to critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or a volatile home environment, Josephson says. Women are especially susceptible (受影响的), being socialized to put others at ease. The attempted mind-reading and “anxious rumination” can become exhausting, says Josephson. It also doesn’t actually protect you against conflict. The key is understanding that it is not the end of the world — or a friendship. “Especially if we grew up in more volatile homes, where conflict was brushed under the rug or we didn’t witness disagreement handled in a safe way, we learn to fear conflict as terminal,” Josephson says. “Actually, in healthy relationships, a little bit of friction is really good because it means both people can have differing opinions.” Conflict is not only inevitable; it can even be healing, she adds, demonstrating that disagreement or discomfort doesn’t have to come at the cost of intimacy. “Repair is what leads to closeness.” 1.The author mentions her own experience (Paragraphs 2-3) primarily to ________. A. justify her initial suspicion of her friends’ intentions B. demonstrate a personal instance of offensive friends C. introduce the discussion of the fawn response D. highlight the necessity of addressing digital miscommunication 2.The underlined word “volatile” in paragraph 10 most probably means ________. A. harmonious B. unstable C. desperate D. unsupportive 3.Based on Josephson’s views as presented in the passage, what can be inferred about healthy relationships? A. They are characterized by the absence of disagreement or friction. B. They depend on constant communication to prevent misunderstandings. C. They can be strengthened by successfully navigating occasional conflicts. D. They are best maintained by consistently using the fawn response. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The cause and nature of the fawn response. B. The negative impact of digital communication. C. Strategies for friendship repair after conflicts. D. Differences between fight, flight and fawn responses. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，以作者自身对朋友态度的不安经历为切入点，引入心理治疗师Meg Josephson提出的“讨好反应”这一概念，阐述了其产生的原因、群体特征、负面影响，并结合健康人际关系的特点，说明冲突并非友谊的终结，反而能通过修复增进亲密感。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“I sometimes feel the same heart-sinking insecurity. If I haven’t heard from a friend in a while, or their most recent message seemed a bit a little too direct, my mind throws up the question: did I do something wrong? (我有时也会有同样的不安全感。如果我有一段时间没有收到朋友的消息，或者他们最近的消息看起来有点太直接了，我的脑海里就会出现这样的问题：我做错了什么吗？)”，以及后文第五段“In her new book Are You Mad At Me?, Josephson says this impulse is driven by a desire to please and be affirmed. The so-called“ fawn response” is one way we respond to threats, whether real (physical danger) or perceived (your friend taking longer than usual to text you back)(在她的新书《你在生我的气吗？》Josephson说，这种冲动是由取悦和被肯定的欲望驱动的。所谓的“讨好反应”是我们对威胁的一种反应，无论是真实的（身体上的危险）还是感知的（你的朋友比平时更晚才回复你的短信）)”可知，作者提及自身经历是为了引出“讨好反应”这一核心讨论话题。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第八段“Less well known than the fight or flight response, it is often developed in childhood in response to critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or a volatile home environment(与战斗或逃跑反应相比，它鲜为人知，通常是在童年时期形成的，源于挑剔或情感忽视的父母，或是不稳定的家庭环境)”可知，“讨好反应”的形成与负面家庭环境相关，与“critical or emotionally neglectful parents”并列的“volatile home environment”应是消极含义的短语。结合选项，B“不稳定的”符合“可能引发孩子产生讨好反应”的负面家庭环境特征，且与“critical”、“emotionally neglectful”表意一致。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第十段“Actually, in healthy relationships, a little bit of friction is really good because it means both people can have differing opinions(事实上，在健康的关系中，一点点摩擦其实是好事，因为这意味着双方可以有不同的观点)”以及第十一段“Conflict is not only inevitable; it can even be healing, she adds, demonstrating that disagreement or discomfort doesn’t have to come at the cost of intimacy. “Repair is what leads to closeness.”(冲突不仅不可避免；她补充说，这甚至可以治愈，表明分歧或不适不一定以亲密为代价。“修复是导致亲密的原因。”)”可知，Josephson认为健康的人际关系中，冲突是有益的，通过成功应对偶尔的冲突，关系可以得到巩固。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章开篇以作者自身经历引入，随后通过心理治疗师的观点，详细解释了“讨好反应”的定义、产生原因（童年经历、取悦他人的渴望）、群体特征（女性更易受影响）、负面影响（令人疲惫、无法避免冲突），最后结合健康人际关系说明冲突的积极意义。核心围绕“讨好反应”的本质和成因展开。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Sarcasm (讽刺) and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all. Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean. If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor. Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible (可鄙的). Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often used after the word “cutting” and that it hurts. What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly. Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm. Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better used sparingly—like a powerful spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient. So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent. Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its ridicule. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor. 1.Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common? A. Both are recognized when heard. B. Both have exactly the same tone. C. Both mean the opposite of what they appear to. D. Both have hidden in them an evident irritation. 2.What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically? A. They feel their dignity greatly heightened. B. They feel increasingly insecure and hostile. C. They endure hostility under the disguise of humor. D. They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions. 3.What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments? A. It makes others happier and more self-confident. B. It restrains them from being irritating and bullying. C. It benefits not only themselves but also those around them. D. It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility. 4.What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm? A. Their intention. B. Their appreciation. C. Their emphasis. D. Their clarity. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文为议论文。文章通过类比讽刺与爵士乐的共性引入主题，论证 "减少讽刺、倡导善意机智" 的观点，剖析讽刺的本质危害、与机智的核心区别，最终给出沟通建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them.(讽刺和爵士乐之间竟有着惊人的相似之处：当你听到它们的时候，就能立刻辨别出来。)”可知，讽刺和爵士乐之间的相似之处在于“一听就能识别出来”。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity.(此外，由于行为会极大地影响思想和情感，如果一个人总是以讽刺的方式行事，这可能只会加剧他们内心深处的敌意和不安感。)”可知，持续讽刺行为会强化内在的敌意和不安全感。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.(另外，当一个人不再发表负面评论（尤其是带有讽刺意味的评论）时，他们很快就会开始感到更加快乐和自信。而且，他们生活中的其他人也会受益更多，因为他们不再需要听到那种充满情感伤害的讽刺话语了。)”可知，停止讽刺后，本人更快乐自信，周围人因免受伤害而获益更多，即，对自己，对周围的人都有益处。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its ridicule.(因此，机智与讽刺的主要区别在于：正如我们之前所说，讽刺往往是以幽默的形式来掩饰敌意的。它的目的往往在于伤害他人，并且通常带有尖刻和刺耳的意味。机智的言论通常是对他人无益的言论或行为的回应，其目的在于通过强调其荒谬之处来理清并阐明问题。)”可知，讽刺是“伪装成幽默的敌意”，意图伤人；机智则“无恶意且幽默”，无敌意，意图理清问题。由此推知，二者的主要区别在于意图不同。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高三上·上海上进才中学·期中）The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. After you enter a prompt, the AI model analyzes your input and generates a response based on the patterns it has learned through its training. More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely made up, or disrespectful, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University. Be specific Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and to the point will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. “Act as if…” Asking the AI to behave as if it were a type of person, process, or object can be an easy way to start generating better prompts. The AI will attempt to imitate that role and tailor its answers accordingly. For example, imagine you wanted to help create a recipe based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen. If you added “act as if you are my personal trainer” first, the AI will consider this context in its response, suggesting a healthy recipe or a meal designed to refuel after a workout. ________ Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/ that contains…” etc. 1.This passage is found in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be found there? A. Restrictions on the usage of Gen AI. B. Guidelines for writing essays with Gen AI. C. Various samples of well-structured prompts. D. Core principles for responsible Gen AI use. 2.Which of the following subtitles can be filled in blank? A. Consider tone and audience. B. Correct mistakes and give feedback. C. Tell it how you want your output to be presented. D. Ask it to create your prompts or what else it needs from you. 3.Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. Which of the following prompts is the most proper when using Gen AI? A. Write an article about the essence of basketball, citing several stories of famous stars. B. Discuss advantages of doing sports, specifically basketball, with reference to literature. C. Make up a story about one’s experience in basketball, showing the importance of sports. D. Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇应用文，介绍了大学校园网页上的“生成式人工智能(Gen AI)”。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. (你输入到生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具中的信息、句子或问题（“提示”）会对你收到的输出质量产生很大影响。)”以及第二段“It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University (必须牢记的是，人工智能生成的内容可能不准确、具有误导性、完全是编造的，或者具有攻击性，因此在使用或发布任何包含人工智能内容的作品之前，一定要仔细审查。滥用生成式人工智能是一种严重的学术不端行为，可能会被大学开除。)”可知，大学指南网页上可能会包含负责任使用生成式人工智能的核心原则、对生成式人工智能使用的限制等内容，且根据第三段“Be specific (要具体)”以及下文具体介绍如何输入提示，可推测指南网页上可能会给出结构良好的提示示例，但不会包含使用生成式人工智能撰写论文的指南，因为这可能涉及学术不端行为，且指南更侧重于如何正确使用工具，而非具体内容的创作。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据本段“Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. (明确你想要输出的类型，将会产生更好的结果。)”可知，这一段强调要让AI知道你想如何输出结果。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Be specific.”部分中的“Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and to the point will help generate more useful outputs. (像“写一个故事”这样泛泛的提示会产生泛泛的结果。你想要什么样的故事？什么体裁？是面向成人还是孩子？添加这类背景，做到具体、清晰、切题，将有助于生成更有用的输出。)”，题干要求“队长用个人经历做演讲，强调体育重要性”，必须具体说明体裁、场合和内容。D项“Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. (创作一篇激励性的篮球队演讲，分享个人经历并倡导运动。)”完整给出体裁 (speech)、场合 (basketball team)、内容 (personal journey + advocating exercise)，完全符合“具体、角色、格式”原则，因此最为合适。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（应用文+记叙文+议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海普陀区曹杨第二中学·期中）My grandmother loved baking and was, therefore, an excellent baker. I can still see her massaging flour, sugar, eggs, yeast, butter and milk into dough and injecting the pastry with jam to make Buchteln. I can still hear her saying to her, a sustainable farmer, baking was the closest she could get to “the world of art”. I regret never telling her that even though she wasn’t graced with the life of an artist, she was nevertheless weaving something larger than her: a culture. Maybe she understood what she was doing after all. Once, she instructed me to never follow her recipes, but instead to adapt them however I saw fit. A culture, she was essentially saying, should be modified in line with the tastes and needs of the times. Well. I have altered most of my grandmother’s recipes, apart from the one—her recipe for potica, a traditional Slovenian pastry usually served at holiday, birthday and special celebrations. In essence, it is a roll made of leavened paper-thin dough, most often stuffed with walnut filling and raisins. Calling potica a “filled roll”, makes it seem easy to prepare, but it requires hours of work. The most painful part is grinding the walnuts. Before my grandmother began using a grinder, we filled a bag with walnuts and beat the bag with a hammer, until the nuts turned to paste. Ah, but why not simply buy a kilo of ground Californian walnuts? Oh! Because the secret to the best potica known to humans is walnuts from a tree that grows on my grandmother’s farm. This 15-meter-tall tree is an amusement park for crows and insects, and is also often populated by courageous children. It bears sweetest walnuts. Was, bore, I should write. In the past decade, the 30-year-old tree has changed. At first, the romantic in me wanted to believe it was mourning my grandmother’s death and just couldn’t yield sweet nuts any more. Next, I turned to common sense. Walnut harvests, I told myself, differ from season to season, so our half-empty baskets were nothing to worry about. However, after the fifth poor harvest with dry, bitter fruit, I understood that I was witnessing something better known as decay. In suitable conditions, walnut trees in our region can live up to 100 years and yield nuts until they’re middle-aged. But the circumstances for that particular potica tree have worsened. The trees endure frost and snow, heat and strong winds, storms and floods, and heavily polluted air, water, soil. Well, I spotted a sign of hope for poticas early this year. A sapling next to the dying tree. Perhaps the dying tree delivered all its remaining nutrients to this sapling, whispering: “The preservationists are already here, trust me.” 1.What was the primary reason the grandmother considered baking as close to “the world of art”? A. The use of unique ingredients. B. The precision required in baking. C. The therapeutic nature of the baking process. D. The creative and cultural significance of baking. 2.What did the grandmother advise the author regarding her recipes? A. To strictly follow the recipes as they were. B. To adapt the recipes according to personal taste. C. To share the recipes with others in their original form. D. To learn traditional recipes from other cultures instead. 3.Why were the bold words “Was, bore” underlined in the passage? A. To emphasize the tree’s historical significance on the farm. B. To showcase the author’s admiration for the tree’s longevity. C. To indicate a transition from past to present in the tree’s state. D. To highlight the author’s uncertainty about the tree’s current condition. 4.How did the author feel according to the last paragraph? A. Sad at the decay of the walnut tree. B. Hopeful about the future of the walnut tree. C. Indifferent to the changes in the walnut tree. D. Unpleased with the new sapling next to the dying tree. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）There have been many great violinists but none could hold a candle to Kuznetsov, a miraculous young Russian. On his emergence while still in his teens, his playing was filled with timeless wisdom beyond his years; he now holds the stage with immense authority. So it comes no surprise that he is about to add a new string to his bow. When he performs with the English Chamber Orchestra, it will be as both soloist(独奏者) and conductor. “It’s something I’ve often thought about,” he says. Other musicians who have traded the bow or piano for the baton(指挥棒) have failed; the transition is not easy, of which he is aware. “The most crucial thing is the human chemistry between conductor and players. You must avoid at all costs being an outsider, as though saying to the orchestra,‘You make your music while I imagine mine. ’” He is quite relaxed about not yet having his own hand-language---every conductor is different. Kuznetsov believes the connection between notes is not just physical, but also spiritual. Spiritually is, for Kuznetsov, the conductor’s key characteristic. “And it should ideally be expressed through beauty of movement,” he says. Some conductors throw themselves about, others hardly move a muscle. Where will Kuznetsov fit on that scale? “We must wait and see,” he says. Kuznetsov himself moved straight as an arrow toward his goal. His father was an oboist(双簧管演奏者) and his mother conducted a choir, but at the age of four, young Leonid settled on the violin. “The violin is located at the front of the orchestra. It seemed very desirable to sit there and show off.” He gave his first concert at the age of five. “When I went on stage, I bowed so deeply and so long that the audience laughed---but I knew that this was what great artists always did. I felt it was an honour for the audience to listen to me.” His programme that day included Paganini variations, “which were very easy for me”. What is his view now of the recordings he made at that age? “I didn’t have the technique I have now but across the years the intuition has not changed. I still feel every time I go on stage as though I’m newborn.” Kuznetsov cautiously paces his own development. He didn’t give his first performance of Beethoven’s Violin Concerto until he felt ready for it, and he’ll let Bach’s works stay in his mind for some years. One of Kuznetsov’s admirers wonders whether he is in danger of not hanging onto “the fearlessness of youth”. On the evidence of Kuznetsov’s bravely assured new interpretation of the Brahms Concerto, which he plays on a new CD release, I’d say that his fearlessness is in no danger yet. 1.Kuznetsov thinks ________ is most important in conducting. A. the players’ recognition of the conductor B. the understanding between the conductor and the orchestra C. whether the conductor has cooperated with the players before D. the conductor’s and the orchestra’s knowledge of the composition 2.What can be learned about Kuznetsov from the passage? A. He isn’t as enthusiastic as before about the violin. B. He was confident while giving his first concert. C. He didn’t start to play the violin until five. D. He plans to give Bach’s works a try first. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. It’s easy for piano or violin players to become conductors. B. Violin players are usually those who like to show off in an orchestra. C. The writer thinks highly of Kuznetsov’s performance as a conductor. D. Kuznetsov hasn’t decided which conductor’s hand-language to follow. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. A violinist’s understanding of music. B. Kuznetsov’s efforts that have led to his success. C. A violinist’s new attempts in his musical ambitions. D. Kuznetsov’s insight into how techniques matter in performance. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 The best white noise machines for a good night’s sleep Sleep is crucial to health. But disruptive (扰乱的) noises can prevent you from falling asleep. White noise machines could help, according to one study. LectroFan Classic MASKS NOISE: LectroFan Classic helps block out disruptive environmental noises. It can help improve sleep, focus, privacy, and relaxation. 20 NON-REPEATING SOUNDS: A total of 20 unique non-repeating, digitally created sounds. 10 fan sounds & 10 white noise variations, including pink & brown noise. SAFE: Safe, solid-state design is powered by AC (交流电) or USB and dynamically creates unique, non-repeating sounds. VOLUME CONTROL: Precise volume control allows you to set the perfect level for your unique environment. Yogasleep Rohm+ EFFECTIVELY MASKS NOISE: The Rohm effectively cancels out noises that may disturb or distract you for improved sleep and concentration. GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sounds including music, nature, white, pink, and brown noise, as well as Bluetooth speaker features to allow you to play your own music or sounds and to make a conference call on the road when you need. CRUSH (压坏) RESISTANT: Stylish, crush-resistant travel case fits perfectly with Yogasleep Rohm white noise machines. BATTERY OPERATED: Rechargeable through USB. Hatch Rest+ BEST FOR BABIES: Sound machine — keep your little one dreaming with sounds like white noise, wind, and rain. Night light — make midnight feedings comforting and the dark less scary with a calming light. Time-to-Rise — set up this light and sound combination to let your early riser know when it’s time to rise. Built-in two-way sound monitor. POWERED BY: AC and rechargeable. Loftie Clock FAVORITE CLOCK: Loftie Clock uses sound and lights to help ease you into and out of sleep. GENTLY UNWIND: Enjoy over 100 free tracks, from breathwork and sound baths to all kinds of white noise and nature sounds. AI-GENERATED PERSONAL STORIES: Loftie’s Magic Story Maker AI has an upgraded feature that lets you create sleep stories with Typeform. It then uses ChatGPT and ElevenLabs AI to craft your story. Unlocking the Magic Story Maker AI requires an upgrade to a Loftie+ account in the app ($5 per month). POWERED BY: AC power 1._____ is the most suitable for Joana, whose baby sleeps in her room. A. LectroFan Classic B. Yogasleep Rohm+ C. Hatch Rest+ D. Loftie Clock 2.If you want to buy a white noise machine for your friend Tim, who often travels on business, you need to pay _____. A. $34.95. B. $40.03. C. $159.99. D. $149.00. 3.What can be learned about the four white noise machines? A. The four of them can all produce white noise and nature sounds. B. One of them can help you create your own sleep stories for free. C. Two of them can be powered by both AC and rechargeable batteries. D. Two of them can not only help you fall asleep but also wake you up. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海向明中学·期中）How We Kept Mother’s Day The concept of Mother’s Day is a wonderful idea, especially for a large family like ours. It made us appreciate our mother’s years of sacrifice and effort. To show our gratitude, we decided to make it a major holiday. Father took the day off work, and my siblings and I skipped our classes to celebrate. We planned to decorate the house, and we asked Mother to do it, as she always does for Christmas. We all dressed in our best clothes for the occasion. The original surprise was to take Mother on a lovely drive into the beautiful countryside, a rare treat for her. However, Father suggested a better plan: a fishing trip. He argued that having a purpose, like fishing, would make the drive more enjoyable. He even had a new fishing rod. Mother, however, preferred to watch rather than fish herself. As we prepared to leave, we realized the car was too small for all of us and the fishing gear. After much discussion, it was decided that Mother would stay home. Father insisted it was for her own good, saying she could have a quiet, restful day and avoid catching a cold outdoors. He said a peaceful day was the best gift for her. So, we all went fishing without her. We had a splendid time. Father caught large fish, and my sisters met some friends. We returned home late to find that Mother had prepared a magnificent dinner for us. She spent the meal fetching things for everyone. After dinner, she insisted on cleaning up alone, as we wanted just for once to humor her. When we kissed her goodnight, she said it was the most wonderful day of her life, with tears in her eyes. We all felt deeply rewarded for our efforts. 1.What was the family’s original plan to celebrate Mother’s Day? A. To go fishing in the hills. B. To have a big dinner at home. C. To take Mother for a drive in the country. D. To decorate the house and give Mother gifts. 2.Why did the family decide to leave Mother at home in the end? A. Because Mother explicitly said she did not want to go. B. Because the car was too small for everyone and the gear. C. Because Mother needed to prepare the grand dinner. D. Because the weather turned bad and it was too cold for her. 3.The primary ironic effect of the story is created by the fact that __________. A. the children skipped their classes to celebrate the holiday B. the father bought a new fishing rod just for the trip C. Mother ended up working all day while the family enjoyed themselves D. the family drove away and waved goodbye to Mother 4.The word “humor” in the sentence “...we wanted just for once to humor her” is closest in meaning to __________. A. amuse B. appreciate C. indulge D. ridicule Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海南洋模范中学·期中）MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself. Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company. The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects. One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?” Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.” I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.” 1.Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden? A. She didn’t want to do all the work on her own. B. She intended to show the hard labor of gardening. C. She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired. D. She was determined to keep the garden to herself. 2.What were the children like? ① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong A. ①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ④⑤ 3.The underlined word “resent” probably means________. A. dislike B. expect C. keep D. sacrifice 4.What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story? A. The best way to communicate with children is by working together. B. The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work. C. Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend. D. Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海格致中学·期中）I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough? These thoughts often distracted me, especially in meetings or social events. I had a whole inner self-talk going on in my head. Every facial expression and comment from others seemed full of hidden meaning. I would polish these “truths” about myself like shiny little stones and carry them around. It was exhausting. But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are. Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others. For example, if crowds make you uncomfortable, you might assume someone else disliked a big party — when in fact, they may have loved it. Brain imaging has also shown that the “default network” of our brain lights up when we are at rest, and it is the same area that activates when we think about ourselves. In other words, our mind’s natural state is self-focus. So when I worry that people think I’m too intense, who is really thinking that? Me. The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. This doesn’t mean people will never judge or say harsh things. But often, their judgments aren’t truly about us. People are frequently the most critical of qualities in others that they feel insecure about in themselves. The freedom comes when we stop internalizing others’ words and start asking, “What does this reveal about them?” Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating. 1.What was the writer mainly concerned about in the beginning? A. Why social events were often exhausting. B. Why people were speaking to themselves. C. How his words and behaviour were perceived. D. How well people remembered his achievements. 2.What do later studies suggest about people’s judgement of others? A. They pay attention to others’ feedback. B. They rely mainly on logic and evidence. C. They often draw on personal experience. D. They enjoy guessing others’ likes and dislikes. 3.What does the phrase “a blip” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A. Something small and unimportant. B. A major event that is well recorded. C. Something that attracts most people. D. A common topic people like to discuss. 4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. The Danger of Self-Focused Thinking B. No One Is Really Thinking About You C. Finding Freedom from Constant Self-Judgment D. Why We Worry Too Much About Others’ Opinions Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中） This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. Object Placement • Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. • All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. Open Display • All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. • All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. Recommendations Distance Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. Cased Objects • All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. • Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. • Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 1.From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors 2.According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man 3.A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________. A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself, she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her. There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air. Now she was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will — as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. There would be no one to live for during the coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering. She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom. Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease — of the joy that kills. 1.Why does the author include the detail about Mrs. Mallard’s heart condition in the first paragraph? A. To foreshadow the ending and make it believable. B. To explain why she needed Mr. Mallard to care for her. C. To alert the readers to the potential harm of heart attacks. D. To reinforce the notion that women are weak. 2.The underlined word “forestall” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. predict B. beg C. prevent D. propose 3.At the end of the story, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________. A. was cheating on Mrs. Mallard with Josephine B. made up the entire story to play a joke on his wife C. jumped off the train before it crashed D. was never even on the train in the first place 4.What might have led to the death of Mrs. Mallard? A. The excitement at the thought that she would soon enjoy freedom B. The shock upon the sight of her husband walking in while she thought he was dead C. The late arrival of the doctors who failed to save her in time D. The sadness that struck her when she was informed of her husband’s deaths 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海位育中学·期中）In recent years, the food industry has increased its use of labels. Whether the labels say ‘non-GMO’ or ‘no sugar,’ or ‘zero carbohydrates’, consumers are increasingly demanding more information about what’s in their food. One report found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are responding to the report with new labels to meet that demand, and they’re doing so with an eye towards giving their products an advantage over the competition, and bolstering profits. This strategy makes intuitive sense. If consumers say they want transparency, tell them exactly what is in your product. That is simply supplying a certain demand. But the marketing strategy in response to this consumer demand has gone beyond showing what is in a product, to labeling what is NOT in the food. These labels are known as “absence claims” labels, and they represent an emerging labeling trend that is harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its canned crushed tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that at the time there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Some dairy companies are using the “non-GMO” label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally GMO-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food. While creating labels that play on consumer fears and misconceptions about their food may give a company a temporary marketing advantage over competing products on the grocery aisle, in the long term this strategy will have just the opposite effect: by injecting fear into the discourse about our food, we run the risk of eroding consumer trust in not just a single product, but the entire food business. Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Were these foods ever safe? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to my family or the planet? For food manufacturers, it will mean damaged consumer trust and lower sales for everyone. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study found that absence claims labels can create a stigma (污名) around foods even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm. It’s clear that food manufacturers must tread carefully when it comes to using absence claims. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, this verbal trick sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and ultimately, more costly food products. If we allow this kind of labeling to continue, we will all lose. 1.What is the author’s opinion about manufacturers’ new marketing strategy? A. Stressing the absence of certain elements in their products B. Showing the unique nutritional value of their products C. Supplying detailed information of their products D. Designing transparent labels for their products 2.What point does the author make about non-GMO labels? A. They are increasingly attracting customers’ attention. B. They create lots of trouble for GMO food producers. C. They should be used more for vegetables and milk D. They cause anxiety about food among consumers. 3.What does the author say absence claims labels will do to food manufacturers? A. Cause changes in their marketing strategies. B. Help remove stigma around their products C. Erode consumer trust and reduce sales. D. Decrease support from food scientists. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. Why Consumers Demand Greater Food transparency B. The High Cost of “Free-From” Foodlabels C. The Benefits of Non-GMO Labeling in the Food Industry D. How Absence Claims Labels Build Consumer Trust Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海进华中学·期中）As a boy, when Jonny Kinkead wasn’t making things using the tools in his dad’s garage, he was messing about with a guitar. And the two pre-occupations have been his living for the past four decades: building steel-string guitars by hand. “The guitar still appeals to me,” he says. “Making a sound out of wood—it’s amazing what you can do.” Jonny learned to play his brother’s guitar when he was eleven. Then, when he was sixteen, he wanted to learn the bass guitar. “Some people would have got a holiday job and saved up and bought one,” he says. “But I was of a mindset that if you wanted something, you made it.” Although the bass was the first instrument Jonny built from nothing, he and his brothers had long been doing essentially the same thing with other items. “I made model boats and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar with that process. My father had taught me and my brothers how to use tools, and we had free materials in the garage.” Jonny had also been customizing and repairing instruments for his mates. Jonny’s bass guitar turned out well, but the idea of a career building guitars had yet to cross his mind. “My ambition then was to be a sculptor,” he says. His interests evolved further and on finishing school, he chose to study architecture at university. Halfway through the course, however, he dropped out, but left with a clearer idea of what he wanted to do and started to think seriously about guitar making. “I was still interested in painting and sculpture but I realized that when you are building guitars, you’re actually sculpting sound.” In addition, he explains, “I thought this might be more reliable than being an artist as it’s craft-based.” Ever since then, Jonny has made guitars for a living. For the first ten years, he added to his income by cleaning windows part-time. The first guitars he sold only went for the cost of the materials, but as he developed a reputation as one of the best guitar-makers around, he was able to charge a little more. But even now, almost forty years later, Jonny describes what he does as “still scratching a living”. He admits he can never actually turn out more than ten guitars a year, which inevitably restricts his earnings. 1.Why did Jonny choose to make a bass guitar for himself in his teens? A. He regarded it as the natural thing to do. B. He feared that he would not be able to afford one. C. He saw it as good practice for making other guitars. D. He thought he could ensure it was in the style he wanted. 2.In paragraph 3, “that process” refers to _____. A. doing some favours for friends B. cooperating with his brothers C. creating something from nothing D. getting tools and materials ready 3.What does Jonny say about the architecture course he attended? A. It gave him the chance to explore different types of art. B. It helped him become financially independent. C. It provided him with ideas for guitar design. D. It enabled him to decide on a career path. 4.Jonny suggests that the main reason for his low income is _____. A. the high cost of the materials he makes guitars with B. the small number of guitars that he produces C. the limited demand for hand-made guitars D. the competition between guitar-makers Passage 3 How to place an Order of Custom Jeans Select the Fabric & Styles →Fabric （布料）—Select the Fabric from our large collection of Denim Fabric Samples. →Special Wash—Select your favorite special wash treatment to make your jeans look stylish. →Thread Color—Select the thread color you want. You can select secondary thread color also, which can be used at certain stitches. Also, you can specify where you want to use the secondary thread under special not at the end of measurements. →Pocket Style - Select the front pocket & back pocket style. If you want your own styled front & back pocket, select my own design & send us the photo of the pocket style you want. If you are going with our default （默认） pocket style, we will make your jeans with basic 5-pocket pattern, which is universal style for jeans in all countries in the world. →Fly Style - Select the fly style you want, the Zip Fly or the Button Fly. Measurements Select one option from “Make My Jeans” & “Copy A Jeans” →Make My Jeans - First Select ftting type according to what type of ftting you want for your jeans. Give your exact body measurements as described & shown in the photos. We will leave extra loosing as described in “Fitting Guide Table”. So refer to table first & then decide your fitting type. →Copy A Jeans - If you already have a perfect jeans and you like it the most, then you can send us all the measurements to us by following the instructions in “Copy A Jeans” section. We will make the perfect copy of your favorite jeans. Please note we can copy only the measurements, not the fabric and accessories. The measurements written in the measurements box by you will be the final measurements for your order processing. To change or modify it, contact us by E- mail or by phone and we will inform you about your order status and we will tell you what modification we are able to do at that stage. Confirm Your Order By pressing PROCEED tab, you will be redirected to “Confirm Order” page. On this page, you will see all the details you selected during order, you can again modify order by clicking edit tab. After confirming your order, press PROCEED tab. Make Payment You can make payments in different ways. We provide PayPal (direct pay by PayPal & by your credit card), net-banking, cheque or cash deposit and send a demand draft options. Delivery After confirmation of your payment, we will start the jeans making process for you, and we will deliver your jeans within 30 days. After dispatching from here, it will take 3-5 days to deliver in India and 6-9 days to deliver out of India. Enjoy Wearing SQ Jeans TM. 1.In Fabric & Styles, which item leaves you with the least personal choice? A. Fabric. B. Fly Style. C. Pocket Style. D. Thread Color 2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is True? A. The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in your order. B. If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed, nothing can be done to fix the situation. C. Before payment, you can check your order in detail and feel free to make modifications multiple times. D. The tailor will make an identical copy of your favorite jeans if you follow the instructions in “Copy A Jeans” section. 3.If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October 12, you will receive your jeans no later than________. A. Oct.21 B. Nov.11 C. Nov.16 D. Nov.20 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）Expect the night sky to start changing fast. One day soon, the stars we can see from Earth could be outnumbered by huge quantities of satellites. While many people today live under the influence of light pollution, we can at least still travel to a glittering night sky in the mountains, the desert, or at sea. But if communications technology follows its current trend, anyone who wants to escape the byproducts of human activity might have to go to the moon. Some professional astronomers raised alarms last spring, and again in November, after SpaceX launched a series of 60 Starlink satellites. These don’t present a big problem yet, but when thousands more shine down on us, they could interfere with our ability to detect the farthest, faintest objects in the universe. The wider effect will be on amateur sky watchers, campers, sailors, dreamers, poets, children, visionaries and anyone else who has ever been moved by the beauty of the Milky Way set against the dark mystery of space. “We’re entering a second space age now, 70 years after the start of the first one,” says McDowell, space historian and astronaut of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The cost of launching things into space is finally cheap, so the number of things in space is going to explode. SpaceX has plans to launch 30,000 more satellites, in addition to the 12,000 already approved by the FCC and FAA. McDowell predicts that other companies are likely to launch their own satellites. The result could be cheap or free high-speed Internet access for everyone on the planet, at the price of our view of timeless constellations (永恒的星座). Some communication can be done with higher, less noticeable satellites in geostationary orbit, he explains, but those can’t get enough bandwidth to offer everyone video streaming. For that we need the satellites in low-earth orbit, where they will parade across our view. The sky will become even more messy if Jeff Bezos carries out his plan to move communications industry into space — an effort that would require hundreds of thousands of much larger, brighter satellites, says McDowell. “Our concern is about our connection to the universe,” says Ruskin Hartley, the president of the International Dark-Sky Association. His group, which has been active in trying to decrease earth-bound light pollution, has also taken a stand on the space-based kind. While there are billions out there, our eyes can pick up just 10,000 or so from a relatively dark place, he says, so soon our view could be “twinkling with satellites.” Is it selfish to want to keep our night sky, knowing some people still don’t have Internet access? Maybe. But many of the disconnected surely feel a connection to the night sky, too. McDowell says one good compromise solution would be an international agreement, similar to a space junk pact (公约) through the Interagency Space Debris Coordination Committee. Through that agreement, companies with plans to launch satellites now design them so they fall to Earth after 25 years. A similar agreement might encourage people to design satellites with minimal impact on our view. 1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Besides SpaceX, FCC and FAA will launch 12,000 satellites into space. B. Hartley considers too many satellites in the night sky as light pollution. C. Due to the current light pollution on the earth, we can’t enjoy a beautiful night sky. D. There will be an international agreement to limit the number of satellites in the sky. 2.What can we infer from the passage? A. It is almost impossible to launch more satellites into space in the future. B. If the current trend continues, there will be more satellites than stars in space. C. The satellites in low-earth orbit are more advanced than those in geostationary orbit. D. It is almost unlikely to enjoy the glittering night sky with the fast access to the Internet. 3.Which of the following experts or organizations does the author oppose? A. FAA and Jeff Bezos. B. Ruskin Hartley and SpaceX. C. McDowell and the International Dark-Sky Association. D. Jeff Bezos and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 4.What may be the best title for this passage? A. Say “No” to satellite launch B. The threat from numerous satellites C. Satellites are changing the night sky as we know it D. Which matters more? Internet access or a glittering night sky? 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）A friend recently shared a post from the satirical (嘲讽的) site Reductress. It depicted a woman, arms held triumphantly high, beneath the headline:“ She Did It! This Woman Was Able To Confirm That Everyone Was Not Mad At Her!” I sometimes feel the same heart-sinking insecurity. If I haven’t heard from a friend in a while, or their most recent message seemed a bit a little too direct, my mind throws up the question: did I do something wrong? In many ways it’s a senseless reaction — I’ve no real reason to believe I’ve offended or upset them; they’re probably just busy. Yet I can’t shake the feeling. Why are we so quick to assume that our friends are mad at us — or even ready to drop us? “When we fear that our friends are mad at us, it feels really convincing,” says psychotherapist Meg Josephson. “ We’re trying to relieve this anxiety, so we seek reassurance —’ Was I annoying? Was I weird?’ — but it’s not getting to the actual feeling that’s underneath it. ” In her new book Are You Mad At Me?, Josephson says this impulse is driven by a desire to please and be affirmed. The so-called“ fawn response” is one way we respond to threats, whether real (physical danger) or perceived (your friend taking longer than usual to text you back). “The fawn response is about lessening the threat, so that you can feel safe, ” says Josephson. “ Your immediate instinct is to be ‘Are we OK?’ — or to compliment them, or be helpful to them, so that you can ease the perceived tension. ” Less well known than the fight or flight response, it is often developed in childhood in response to critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or a volatile home environment, Josephson says. Women are especially susceptible (受影响的), being socialized to put others at ease. The attempted mind-reading and “anxious rumination” can become exhausting, says Josephson. It also doesn’t actually protect you against conflict. The key is understanding that it is not the end of the world — or a friendship. “Especially if we grew up in more volatile homes, where conflict was brushed under the rug or we didn’t witness disagreement handled in a safe way, we learn to fear conflict as terminal,” Josephson says. “Actually, in healthy relationships, a little bit of friction is really good because it means both people can have differing opinions.” Conflict is not only inevitable; it can even be healing, she adds, demonstrating that disagreement or discomfort doesn’t have to come at the cost of intimacy. “Repair is what leads to closeness.” 1.The author mentions her own experience (Paragraphs 2-3) primarily to ________. A. justify her initial suspicion of her friends’ intentions B. demonstrate a personal instance of offensive friends C. introduce the discussion of the fawn response D. highlight the necessity of addressing digital miscommunication 2.The underlined word “volatile” in paragraph 10 most probably means ________. A. harmonious B. unstable C. desperate D. unsupportive 3.Based on Josephson’s views as presented in the passage, what can be inferred about healthy relationships? A. They are characterized by the absence of disagreement or friction. B. They depend on constant communication to prevent misunderstandings. C. They can be strengthened by successfully navigating occasional conflicts. D. They are best maintained by consistently using the fawn response. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The cause and nature of the fawn response. B. The negative impact of digital communication. C. Strategies for friendship repair after conflicts. D. Differences between fight, flight and fawn responses. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Sarcasm (讽刺) and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all. Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean. If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor. Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible (可鄙的). Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often used after the word “cutting” and that it hurts. What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly. Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm. Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better used sparingly—like a powerful spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient. So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent. Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its ridicule. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor. 1.Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common? A. Both are recognized when heard. B. Both have exactly the same tone. C. Both mean the opposite of what they appear to. D. Both have hidden in them an evident irritation. 2.What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically? A. They feel their dignity greatly heightened. B. They feel increasingly insecure and hostile. C. They endure hostility under the disguise of humor. D. They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions. 3.What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments? A. It makes others happier and more self-confident. B. It restrains them from being irritating and bullying. C. It benefits not only themselves but also those around them. D. It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility. 4.What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm? A. Their intention. B. Their appreciation. C. Their emphasis. D. Their clarity. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高三上·上海上进才中学·期中）The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. After you enter a prompt, the AI model analyzes your input and generates a response based on the patterns it has learned through its training. More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely made up, or disrespectful, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University. Be specific Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and to the point will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. “Act as if…” Asking the AI to behave as if it were a type of person, process, or object can be an easy way to start generating better prompts. The AI will attempt to imitate that role and tailor its answers accordingly. For example, imagine you wanted to help create a recipe based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen. If you added “act as if you are my personal trainer” first, the AI will consider this context in its response, suggesting a healthy recipe or a meal designed to refuel after a workout. ________ Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/ that contains…” etc. 1.This passage is found in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be found there? A. Restrictions on the usage of Gen AI. B. Guidelines for writing essays with Gen AI. C. Various samples of well-structured prompts. D. Core principles for responsible Gen AI use. 2.Which of the following subtitles can be filled in blank? A. Consider tone and audience. B. Correct mistakes and give feedback. C. Tell it how you want your output to be presented. D. Ask it to create your prompts or what else it needs from you. 3.Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. Which of the following prompts is the most proper when using Gen AI? A. Write an article about the essence of basketball, citing several stories of famous stars. B. Discuss advantages of doing sports, specifically basketball, with reference to literature. C. Make up a story about one’s experience in basketball, showing the importance of sports. D. Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 专题01阅读理解（应用文+记叙文 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.B 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.C 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.B Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B 1/2 让教与学更高效 +议论文) 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.C3.D 主题语境03人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.D 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A 主题语境02人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.C3.D 2/2