专题04 阅读理解（记叙文）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中）I was about 5 when I first heard the word “Greenland”, and my interest grew from there. Finally, after decades, I decided to go. When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation. One of my purposes of going to Greenland was to make contact with some native Greenlanders. I didn’t know I would achieve this, but success came in an unexpected way. When I arrived at the Illunguukjuk Hostel, where I had reserved a bed, a young couple and their baby were out front, enjoying the sun and unusual warmth. Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic. When I identified myself, her eyes widened. Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed. There was no more space in the hostel. “But don’t worry,” she said, as she threw herself into cleaning a tiny house the family owned. “This is for you,” she said. And as if that weren’t enough, she invited me to eat supper with her family. That evening I sat down to a dinner of fresh fish with a loving, happy native family. When I first set foot in Greenland I found myself all but shocked by the emptiness, the vastness, and the silence. I had decided that I would probably never return. And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to. 1.What was the author’s initial impression of Greenland’s east coast? A. It was populated with native communities. B. It was accurately named for its scenery. C. It was uninhabited, icy and full of snow. D. It was full of sincere and welcoming locals. 2.What does the underlined word “anticlimactic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Simple. B. Modem. C. Outstanding. D. Disappointing. 3.The author lost his bed in the hostel because of ________. A. the language barrier B. a misunderstanding C. a wrong address D. the high price 4.What was the key factor that changed the author’s overall perception of his trip? A. The unusual warmth and sunny weather. B. The stunning though cold and empty scenery. C. The experience of being welcomed into a local home. D. The success in communicating with native Greenlanders. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）On our 20th anniversary, Susan and I headed off for a few days to a lovely valley about an hour away. We didn’t know much about the town, but that was fine. Our goal was really just to renew our faith in each other. We began by stocking up at the quirky Village Market in Glen Ellen, California. Within minutes, friendly locals spotted us and started chatting in the aisles with charming tips. You gotta hike to Jack London’s house. Oh, dinner at the Fig Café. Hours later, having followed their yellow brick road all day, we walked, delirious, back from dinner to our creekside inn. “I think I could live here,” Susan said. It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion. In October 2017, the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa. An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down. Among them was Jill Dawson’s place, just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary, and four more in turn. I called Jill after reading her family’s story. She sounded just like the spirited, generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. After the fire, she told me, her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak. But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. “Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun. Jill and her husband, Art, have lived in one of the trailers for a year while sorting through how to rebuild. They are only two of the many residents who were able to remain close thanks to their neighbors’ selflessness. “I’m grateful for little Glen Ellen,” Jill says. “The amount of passionate people and grassroots efforts working to keep this place supportive is amazing. The kindness thing, it’s still huge here.” In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search, let Glen Ellen be just one example. So many cities, workplaces, churches, schools, and other locations thrive because, well, “the kindness thing, it’s still huge.” Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love. Thank you! 1.What did the author think of Glen Ellen during his several trips there? A. He found Glen Ellen to be a dynamic town with rapid development. B. He had mixed feelings about Glen Ellen, both positive and negative. C. He thought Glen Ellen was a place which deepened faith in her wife. D. He developed a positive impression of its welcoming community spirit. 2.How did the Glen Ellen community respond to the Nuns Fire in October 2017? A. They relied solely on government aid for recovery efforts. B. They spontaneously formed a neighborhood watch program. C. They held a series of fundraisers to help the affected families. D. They largely depended on assistance from distant communities. 3.Which of the following is the right understanding of ““Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun.”? A. Jim is making a lighthearted comment about the Fosters’ inborn generosity. B. Jill is implying that Fosters lack competence to give a helping hand to others. C. Jill is hinting that the Fosters might not always display the same level of kindness. D. Jill is expressing his sincere gratitude for Fosters’ constant and generous assistance. 4.What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To highlight Glen Ellen’s tradition of community support and kindness. B. To demonstrate the author’s personal perspectives in community building. C. To present how people in Glen Ellen overcame difficulties with joint efforts. D. To encourage readers to reflect on and share their own experiences of kindness. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）(The following is an excerpt from Robinson Crusoe, Chapter 1.) I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York, from whence he had married my mother. I had two elder brothers, one of whom was a lieutenant-colonel killed in battle. As I was the third son and not bred to any trade, my head began to be filled early with wandering thoughts. My father designed me for the law, but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea. My desire led me so strongly against the will of my father and the appeals of my mother that there seemed to be something unavoidable in that propensity of nature, tending directly to the life of misery which was to happen to me. My father, a wise man, gave me serious counsel. He told me it was men of desperate fortunes or of aspiring ones who went abroad on adventures. These things were all either too far above me or too far below me; that mine was the middle state. He had found by long experience that this was the best state in the world, the most suited to human happiness. It was not exposed to the hardships of the lower class, nor embarrassed with the pride of the upper class. He said the tragedies of life were shared among the upper and lower parts of mankind, but the middle station had the fewest disasters. It was calculated for all kinds of virtues and enjoyments; that peace and plenty, temperance, moderation, and health were the blessings attending it. He pressed me earnestly not to plunge myself into miseries. To close all, he told me I had my elder brother for an example, to whom he had used the same persuasions to keep him from the wars, but could not win. He told me if I did take this foolish step, God would not bless me. I observed the tears running down his face. I was sincerely affected, and I resolved not to think of going abroad any more, but to settle at home according to my father’s desire. But alas! A few days wore it all off. In a few weeks I resolved to run away. I told my mother that my thoughts were entirely bent upon seeing the world. I was now eighteen. I begged her to persuade my father to let me go on one voyage, promising if I came back and did not like it, I would go no more. 1.Which of the following is the main conflict in this passage? A. A struggle between the narrator’s desire and his father’s wish. B. A family dispute over the correct way to honor a son killed in war. C. The narrator’s internal struggle between studying law or business. D. The challenges of an immigrant father adapting to new society. 2.The word “propensity” in paragraph 2 most probably means . A. a natural preference or tendency B. a foolish and hasty decision C. a carefully considered plan D. a temporary and passing interest 3.What was the father’s main argument for the narrator accepting a “middle state” in life? A. It offered the greatest opportunity for fame and adventure. B. It was the easiest way to accumulate a vast fortune. C. It was most likely to lead to a life of peace and happiness. D. It was the social class he was born into and could not escape. 4.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage? A. The narrator’s father was born in York and made a fortune by practicing law. B. The narrator sought his mother’s help to support his goal of going to sea. C. The narrator made an unconditional promise to his father that he wouldn’t go to sea. D. The narrator permanently gave up his voyage dream after seeing his father’s tears. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Brutus speaks at a pulpit. Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen and lovers, hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour that you may believe. Censure (谴责) me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all freemen? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoiced at it. As he was valiant (英勇坚决的), I honour him. But, as he was ambitious, I slew (杀戮) him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman (奴隶)? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. Antony mounts the pulpit. Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man; they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend; he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. He brought many captives home to Rome, whose ransoms brought wealth to the city. Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day, I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honourable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become British beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (He weeps. ) Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honourable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honourable men. 1.How does Brutus feel about the death of Caesar? A. He deeply regrets his actions. B. He feels glad now that Caesar is dead. C. He feels it is justified as Caesar is ambitious. D. He feels it is justified as Caesar doesn’t like him. 2.What is correct about Brutus’s love for Caesar? A. He loves Caesar more than Rome. B. He loves Rome more than he does Caesar. C. He doesn’t love Caesar at all, but hates him. D. It is not strong enough to make him cry over Caesar’s death. 3.Which statement about Antony’s speech is false? A. Antony disagrees with Brutus. B. Antony is glad that Caesar is dead. C. Antony refuses to let Caesar be ambitious. D. Antony does not think that Caesar was a tyrant. 4.How does Antony primarily achieve his persuasive effect in his speech? A. By listing Caesar’s accomplishments and repeatedly questioning Brutus’s “honour.” B. By openly accusing Brutus of treason. C. By urging the crowd to immediate violence. D. By comparing Caesar to historical heroes. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·期中）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student. Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam. “It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.” And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea. Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式). And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June. 1.Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers? A. She is the youngest college student in the UK. B. She goes to university at a much earlier age. C. She often gets full marks in maths exams. D. She loves acting as a university student. 2.From the passage we can learn that _______. A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier D. Esther dislikes being taught at home 3.What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius? A. The gene from her family. B. Her course in the university. C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother’s homeschooling. 4.Esther can be described as a girl who _______. A. is ambitious and has a clear goal B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown C. is rebellious but ready to help others D. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海育才中学·期中）The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall During World War II, young Jane Goodall was often woken by air-raid sirens. While her sister rushed to the bomb shelter, Jane refused to leave her bed. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes,” she recalls. Eight decades later, in the same house, she displayed the same stubbornness. As a camera crew were bustling about searching for furniture, Goodall stood still. Speaking softly yet with strong belief, she suggested her bedroom instead. Then she led the group upstairs, successful. Goodall’s quiet determination enabled her to patiently wait for others to come around. In 1960, the 26-year-old sat for months in Tanzanian forests, waiting for chimpanzees to accept her presence. Her patience provided the opportunity to observe them closely, leading to her remarkable discovery of tool use among chimps. This finding transformed our understanding of human-animal relationships, earning her global fame. While pursuing her Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1962, professors criticized her for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Rather than confront them, she recalls, “I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right.” Though she later adopted more scientific language, her belief in chimps as intelligent social animals is now widely accepted and has paved the way for tighter restrictions on lab testing of chimpanzees. After Goodall shifted from research to advocacy in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history. She made the best use of her own life story — drawing on the powerful image of a lone woman living among the animals — to get people excited about environmentalism in an era when it was a marginal activity. Through the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which she founded in 1977, she raised funds for habitat conservation projects, poverty-alleviation programs, and animal shelters. And as she travelled around the world, she added countless new stories to her collection: on history, animal behavior, human originality and more. These, rather than protests, became her campaign tools. “If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says.” You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” 1.Paragraphs 1 & 2 are intended to show Jane Goodall ________. A. was very clever since she was a little girl B. remained calm even under wartime conditions C. was very determined to do what she thought was right D. respected other people and didn’t bother to change their mind 2.According to the article, which of the following statements is true about Goodall? A. Her patience with observing chimps helped her make great discoveries. B. The way that Goodall studied wild chimps was encouraged by her professors. C. She helped make chimpanzees more available in lab testing. D. She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to raise money for Tanzania. 3.The underlined word “confront” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”. A. ignore B. satisfy C. believe in D. argue with 4.After Goodall shifted from research to activism, she would try to ________ if she wanted to change someone’s mind. A. tell amazing stories B. set them a good example C. share her feelings with them D. teach them to think for themselves 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中）My phone vibrates awake, disturbing my baby, who has just fallen asleep after an hour of my shushing. It’s a WhatsApp message from a mum friend. Another buzz, then another. Everyone is up, sleepless, and typing. My own baby cries as I turn over in bed to calm him down, flicking open my messages to catch up on the gossip as I do so. One mum is asking about the right medication dosage for a teething nine-month-old, while another wants to know what time we’re meeting tomorrow. Someone else has just forwarded an Instagram post about motherhood and the power of women. But I don’t feel powerful and, right now, I really can’t do this. It’s 3:07 a.m. I’m tired, overwhelmed and, thanks to the glaring blue light of my phone, wide awake. It’s in this moment that I make my change, swiping my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to bring up its control centre; thumbing, wildly, at the little crescent (月牙形的) moon icon that stops notifications in their tracks, and hanging up my virtual door sign: Do Not Disturb. That was three years ago, and I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions: when waiting for callbacks from doctors, for example, or if I’ve pre-arranged a phone call with a contact. Instead, in the main, my notifications remain firmly, resolutely, off. I do not want to be disturbed; nor, actually, do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler or his new baby brother do. I’ve still had to work on my self-discipline, so that I don’t spend all my time checking my phone to see what I’ve missed. This is, arguably, the hardest part — the temptation of a potential unread message can be profound — but I remain convinced the net gain to my wellbeing, my sleep and my parenting is positive. My phone is still a big part of my life but it doesn’t intrude on my living as much as it once did. I think — I hope — my change has made me a better, more present mother. There are, after all, few things that seek quite as much attention as toddlers and WhatsApp groups. If I had to choose, I’d rather give that attention to the three-year-old than a phone that rings with alerts that seem urgent but, really, are anything but. 1.How did the author feel when deciding to make a change three years ago? A. Frustrated by the constant notifications. B. Eager to change her phone immediately. C. Confident that the change would improve her parenting. D. Indifferent and not particularly affected by the situation. 2.By saying “I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions” (para. 4), the author means ________. A. she avoids checking her phone altogether B. she frequently switches her phone notifications back on C. she seldom keeps her door open for fear of being disturbed D. she only allows notifications when it’s absolutely necessary 3.What can you infer from the passage? A. The author sacrificed immediate connection for better phone habits. B. The author believes avoiding phone notifications is essential for earning more money. C. The author finds phone notifications helpful and plans to turn them back on. D. The author regretted limiting her notifications and missed important messages. 4.Which section or column is this passage most likely to be taken from? A. Health and wellness strategies. B. Parenting advice and tips. C. Personal experiences with technology. D. Opinions on social media habits. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中）As a little girl, a significant part of my childhood was spent in my grandma’s country kitchen. An old stove anchored one side of the room, and her sparkling counter tops (台板) were always tidy, topped only by a simple bread box. Yet, the most treasured possession in that entire space was her recipe box. A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive (倾斜的花体字). Her small dinner table provided the perfect stage for her glorious fresh-fruit pies — strawberry, blueberry, apple, cherry. Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty “S” for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. I remember asking her once why she went through the extra trouble of making the “S”. She smiled gently and said, “When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love.” That tiny, warm kitchen was the undeniable heart of our family, the gathering place for every Sunday dinner and holiday celebration. But it was far more than just a place for preparing meals. It was the sacred space where she connected our family’s past to the present, teaching me about my roots and heritage through the stories behind each dish she lovingly prepared. The kitchen was also where I shared my secrets with her. After the baking was done and the scent of warm pastry hung in the air, she would sit with me, and over a glass of milk, I would pour out my heart about school, friends, and my dreams for the future. Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. I pull out the treasured recipe box and bake the same desserts. And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual: I cut two slices of pie, pour a cup of black coffee for her and a glass of milk for myself. Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance. 1.Which of the following statements is true about the recipes in the grandmother’s box? A. They were written by different family members. B. They were mainly for everyday meals. C. They were organized into different categories. D. They were copied from a famous cookbook. 2.The word “demonstrable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. obvious B. hidden C. proud D. unusual 3.What can be inferred about the grandma’s character from the passage? A. She was ambitious and sought public recognition for her baking. B. She was traditional and believed in strict family rules. C. She expressed her love and pride through actions rather than words. D. She was resistant to change and held onto past traditions stubbornly. 4.What is the main purpose of the author’s “little ritual” at Thanksgiving now? A. To prove that she is as good a baker as her grandma. B. To keep her grandma’s kitchen traditions a secret. C. To teach her own children about family recipes. D. To remember and feel connected to her grandma. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海闵行中学·期中）The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber’s shop. The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy. The bride was not pretty. She wore a dress of blue cashmere. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves. They embarrassed her. The blushes （脸红）caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see. They were evidently very happy. “Ever been in a parlor-car （特等火车）before?” he asked, smiling with delight. “No,” she answered; “I never was. It’s fine，ain’t it?” “Great! And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. ” “Oh, do they?” cried the bride. “Charge a dollar? Why，that’s too much — for us — ain’t it, Jack?” Later he explained to her about the trains. “You see, if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet（丝绒人）, the shining bronze，silver, and glass, the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room, and on the ceiling were frescos（壁画）in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and infrequently, a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive （嘲讽的）enjoyment. At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest. The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide, his face radiant with kindness. The service, coupled with the ordinary deference（毕恭毕敬），was rare to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 1.The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of ____. A. superiority B. awkwardness C. despair D. satisfaction 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. B. The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. C. It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. D. Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. 3.What does the underlined word “surveyed” mean in the 8th paragraph? A. monitored B. observed C. searched D. investigated 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The waiter was indifferent to the couple. B. The couple felt uneasy at dinner. C. The service was satisfactory. D. The couple enjoyed the dinner. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）The term “voluntourism” often evokes images of earnest Western youths building schools in sun-drenched, impoverished villages. I was once one of them, my motivation an ambiguous blend of altruism and a thirst for an “authentic” experience that transcended the typical tourist itinerary. My destination was a small coastal community in Southeast Asia, where I had paid a substantial fee to assist in a sea turtle conservation project for four weeks. Upon arrival, a creeping disillusionment began to set in. The project was less about hands-on conservation and more a well-orchestrated simulation for volunteers. Our days consisted of being handed rakes at dawn to meticulously level the beach, a task we were told was crucial for identifying new turtle tracks. Yet, we often saw the same tracks we had carefully smoothed over the day before, untouched. Our tasks were monotonous and of questionable utility: raking the same patch of sand repeatedly to make it appear perfectly tidy for the nesting turtles—a practice the local staff admitted was largely performative. Once, the excitement was palpable when a nest was identified; we gathered around, hoping to carefully relocate the eggs to the safer, shaded hatchery. But we were only permitted to watch from a distance. The delicate work of monitoring nests and handling hatchlings was reserved solely for the full-time, local biologists. We were mere bystanders, our presence justified more by our financial contribution than any tangible labor. The most profound unease, however, stemmed from a conversation with a soft-spoken local biologist, Mr. Tan. Over sweetened tea, he confessed, with a tone of diplomatic resignation, that the constant rotation of unskilled volunteers was often more disruptive than beneficial. “The funds are vital,” he acknowledged, “I once spent a whole morning supervising a group who were ‘building a protective fence.’ It collapsed in the first high tide. My team and I had to rebuild it properly that night. The expectation is that we must always have ‘work’ for you to do, even if we have to invent it. It sometimes distracts from our real research.” His words laid bare the uncomfortable economics of our endeavor: we were not saviors but paying customers, purchasing the illusion of purpose and a portfolio of photographs that screamed benevolent worldliness. This transactional nature of the relationship made me question the very foundation of my presence there, reducing a complex ecological and social context to a backdrop for my own moral and existential theater. I left with no illusions of having “saved the turtles.” Instead, I carried the weight of a complicated lesson: that the desire to do good is not synonymous with actually doing good, and that the most ethical form of aid might sometimes be the simplest — financial support, channeled directly to those who know best how to use it, unburdened by the need to host and entertain a rotating cast of well-meaning amateurs. The romanticized narrative of the Western savior, I realized, is a difficult one to dismantle, as it is so deeply embedded in our collective consciousness and so flattering to our own self-perception. 1.The author’s original intention in joining the program was rooted in ________. A. an urge to escape routine and pursue adventure B. a mix of selfless impulse and a quest for novelty C. external financial incentives and social obligation D. a blend of professional ambition and academic curiosity 2.What does the underlined phrase “a well-orchestrated simulation”（para. 2） imply about the volunteer project? A. It was artificially constructed for the benefit of the volunteers. B. It was structured to be both highly educational and rich in skills. C. It was a commercial enterprise exploiting volunteers financially. D. It was carefully planned to provide a safe and rewarding experience. 3.According to Mr. Tan, what was the main downside of the constant flow of volunteers? A. It gradually drained the project’s limited financial reserves. B. It generated cultural misunderstandings with the local community. C. It consumed time and manpower to create and supervise unnecessary tasks. D. It introduced persistent communication challenges that hindered real research. 4.The author’s ultimate realization can be summarized as an understanding that ________. A. personal growth is an unintended yet valuable byproduct of failed endeavors B. critiquing the flaws of international aid is a necessary step towards its reform C. effective help must prioritize local expertise and minimize disruptive interference D. well-intentioned human intervention may accidentally accelerate ecological decline / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中）I was about 5 when I first heard the word “Greenland”, and my interest grew from there. Finally, after decades, I decided to go. When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation. One of my purposes of going to Greenland was to make contact with some native Greenlanders. I didn’t know I would achieve this, but success came in an unexpected way. When I arrived at the Illunguukjuk Hostel, where I had reserved a bed, a young couple and their baby were out front, enjoying the sun and unusual warmth. Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic. When I identified myself, her eyes widened. Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed. There was no more space in the hostel. “But don’t worry,” she said, as she threw herself into cleaning a tiny house the family owned. “This is for you,” she said. And as if that weren’t enough, she invited me to eat supper with her family. That evening I sat down to a dinner of fresh fish with a loving, happy native family. When I first set foot in Greenland I found myself all but shocked by the emptiness, the vastness, and the silence. I had decided that I would probably never return. And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to. 1.What was the author’s initial impression of Greenland’s east coast? A. It was populated with native communities. B. It was accurately named for its scenery. C. It was uninhabited, icy and full of snow. D. It was full of sincere and welcoming locals. 2.What does the underlined word “anticlimactic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Simple. B. Modem. C. Outstanding. D. Disappointing. 3.The author lost his bed in the hostel because of ________. A. the language barrier B. a misunderstanding C. a wrong address D. the high price 4.What was the key factor that changed the author’s overall perception of his trip? A. The unusual warmth and sunny weather. B. The stunning though cold and empty scenery. C. The experience of being welcomed into a local home. D. The success in communicating with native Greenlanders. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去格陵兰岛的经历，包括初到时的印象、住宿时因误会失去床位，以及被当地家庭热情接待后对格陵兰岛看法的改变。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation.(当我最终抵达时，乍一看，这个地方显然名不副实：格陵兰岛东海岸是一片广袤无垠的冰雪之地，看不到任何人类居住的迹象。)”可知，作者最初对格陵兰岛东海岸的印象是无人居住的，冰天雪地。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic.(格陵兰人说他们自己的因纽特语，在学校学习丹麦语，许多人英语也说得很好。然而，这位年轻女子不属于这类人。她的英语结果令人anticlimactic。)”可知，这个年轻女子不像其他格陵兰人那样英语说得好，所以她的英语令人失望，故anticlimactic意为“令人失望的”。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed.(另一个旅行者早些时候到了，他们把他误认成了我，把我的床给了他。)”可知，由于误会，作者在旅馆里失去了床位。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to.(然后我被带进了这个格陵兰人的家。我现在可以说，即使景色寒冷、空旷、寂静，也值得一游，只要有一个温暖而欢迎的地方可以去。)”可知，被当地家庭热情接待的经历改变了作者对整个旅行的看法。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）On our 20th anniversary, Susan and I headed off for a few days to a lovely valley about an hour away. We didn’t know much about the town, but that was fine. Our goal was really just to renew our faith in each other. We began by stocking up at the quirky Village Market in Glen Ellen, California. Within minutes, friendly locals spotted us and started chatting in the aisles with charming tips. You gotta hike to Jack London’s house. Oh, dinner at the Fig Café. Hours later, having followed their yellow brick road all day, we walked, delirious, back from dinner to our creekside inn. “I think I could live here,” Susan said. It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion. In October 2017, the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa. An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down. Among them was Jill Dawson’s place, just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary, and four more in turn. I called Jill after reading her family’s story. She sounded just like the spirited, generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. After the fire, she told me, her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak. But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. “Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun. Jill and her husband, Art, have lived in one of the trailers for a year while sorting through how to rebuild. They are only two of the many residents who were able to remain close thanks to their neighbors’ selflessness. “I’m grateful for little Glen Ellen,” Jill says. “The amount of passionate people and grassroots efforts working to keep this place supportive is amazing. The kindness thing, it’s still huge here.” In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search, let Glen Ellen be just one example. So many cities, workplaces, churches, schools, and other locations thrive because, well, “the kindness thing, it’s still huge.” Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love. Thank you! 1.What did the author think of Glen Ellen during his several trips there? A. He found Glen Ellen to be a dynamic town with rapid development. B. He had mixed feelings about Glen Ellen, both positive and negative. C. He thought Glen Ellen was a place which deepened faith in her wife. D. He developed a positive impression of its welcoming community spirit. 2.How did the Glen Ellen community respond to the Nuns Fire in October 2017? A. They relied solely on government aid for recovery efforts. B. They spontaneously formed a neighborhood watch program. C. They held a series of fundraisers to help the affected families. D. They largely depended on assistance from distant communities. 3.Which of the following is the right understanding of ““Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun.”? A. Jim is making a lighthearted comment about the Fosters’ inborn generosity. B. Jill is implying that Fosters lack competence to give a helping hand to others. C. Jill is hinting that the Fosters might not always display the same level of kindness. D. Jill is expressing his sincere gratitude for Fosters’ constant and generous assistance. 4.What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To highlight Glen Ellen’s tradition of community support and kindness. B. To demonstrate the author’s personal perspectives in community building. C. To present how people in Glen Ellen overcame difficulties with joint efforts. D. To encourage readers to reflect on and share their own experiences of kindness. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和他的妻子在他们结婚20周年之际，为了重拾对彼此的信心，去一个不知名小镇的故事，并通过描写了Jill一家的遭遇，旨在突出小镇居民的善良和淳朴。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“It turns out that Glen Ellen’s contagious spirit was not our passing illusion. In October 2017, the Nuns Fire bore down on this town near Santa Rosa. An astounding 183 of Glen Ellen’s 750 or so homes burned down. Among them was Jill Dawson’s place, just across the creek from the inn to which we had returned the next anniversary, and four more in turn. I called Jill after reading her family’s story. She sounded just like the spirited, generous type Susan and I have loved meeting in Glen Ellen. (事实证明，Glen Ellen的传染性精神并不是我们转瞬即逝的幻觉。2017年10月，修女大火席卷了圣罗莎附近的这个小镇。令人震惊的是，Glen Ellen大约750所房屋中有183所被烧毁。其中就有Jill Dawson的住处，就在我们下一个周年纪念回到的小旅馆的小溪对面，之后又去了四个周年纪念。读完Jill家人的故事后，我给她打了电话。她听起来就像苏珊和我喜欢在Glen Ellen遇到的那种精神饱满、慷慨大方的人。)”可知，作者几次旅行中对Glen Ellen热情好客的社区精神产生了积极的印象，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“After the fire, she told me, her family’s prospects for staying in the town looked bleak. But residents mobilized on Facebook and in the Village Market to brainstorm how to house one another. (她告诉我，火灾发生后，她的家人留在镇上的前景看起来很渺茫。但居民们在Facebook和乡村市场上动员起来，集思广益，讨论如何为彼此提供住房。)”和第五段“Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. (一些几乎不认识Dawsons一家的邻居听说了他们的困境，就在他们没有烧毁的房子旁边为Jill一家安置了两辆新拖车。)”可知，Glen Ellen社区在火灾后举行了一系列的筹款活动来帮助受灾家庭。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“Hearing of their plight, some neighbors who barely knew the Dawsons placed two new trailers next to their house, which hadn’t burned, for Jill’s family. (一些几乎不认识Dawsons一家的邻居听说了他们的困境，就在他们没有烧毁的房子旁边为Jill一家安置了两辆新拖车。)”以及本句““Their name is the Fosters, and I tell them, ‘You just can’t help it,’” Jill says, laughing at her own pun. (“他们的名字是福斯特一家，我告诉他们，‘你们就是忍不住，’” Jill说，对自己的双关语感到好笑。)”可知，Jill说这句话的意思是他的邻居忍不住想要帮助他们，也就是Jill认为福斯特夫妇天生的慷慨大方。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In kicking off our annual Nicest Place in America search, let Glen Ellen be just one example. So many cities, workplaces, churches, schools, and other locations thrive because, well, “the kindness thing, it’s still huge.” Please take the time to go to RD.COM/NICEST to tell us about one you love. Thank you! (在我们一年一度的“美国最佳地点”评选开始之际，Glen Ellen只是其中一个例子。那么多城市、工作场所、教堂、学校和其他地方的繁荣，是因为，嗯，“善良的东西，它仍然很大。”请花时间登录RD.COM/NICEST告诉我们你爱的人。谢谢你！)”可知，本文作者呼吁人们分享身边有爱的经历，故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）(The following is an excerpt from Robinson Crusoe, Chapter 1.) I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York, from whence he had married my mother. I had two elder brothers, one of whom was a lieutenant-colonel killed in battle. As I was the third son and not bred to any trade, my head began to be filled early with wandering thoughts. My father designed me for the law, but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea. My desire led me so strongly against the will of my father and the appeals of my mother that there seemed to be something unavoidable in that propensity of nature, tending directly to the life of misery which was to happen to me. My father, a wise man, gave me serious counsel. He told me it was men of desperate fortunes or of aspiring ones who went abroad on adventures. These things were all either too far above me or too far below me; that mine was the middle state. He had found by long experience that this was the best state in the world, the most suited to human happiness. It was not exposed to the hardships of the lower class, nor embarrassed with the pride of the upper class. He said the tragedies of life were shared among the upper and lower parts of mankind, but the middle station had the fewest disasters. It was calculated for all kinds of virtues and enjoyments; that peace and plenty, temperance, moderation, and health were the blessings attending it. He pressed me earnestly not to plunge myself into miseries. To close all, he told me I had my elder brother for an example, to whom he had used the same persuasions to keep him from the wars, but could not win. He told me if I did take this foolish step, God would not bless me. I observed the tears running down his face. I was sincerely affected, and I resolved not to think of going abroad any more, but to settle at home according to my father’s desire. But alas! A few days wore it all off. In a few weeks I resolved to run away. I told my mother that my thoughts were entirely bent upon seeing the world. I was now eighteen. I begged her to persuade my father to let me go on one voyage, promising if I came back and did not like it, I would go no more. 1.Which of the following is the main conflict in this passage? A. A struggle between the narrator’s desire and his father’s wish. B. A family dispute over the correct way to honor a son killed in war. C. The narrator’s internal struggle between studying law or business. D. The challenges of an immigrant father adapting to new society. 2.The word “propensity” in paragraph 2 most probably means . A. a natural preference or tendency B. a foolish and hasty decision C. a carefully considered plan D. a temporary and passing interest 3.What was the father’s main argument for the narrator accepting a “middle state” in life? A. It offered the greatest opportunity for fame and adventure. B. It was the easiest way to accumulate a vast fortune. C. It was most likely to lead to a life of peace and happiness. D. It was the social class he was born into and could not escape. 4.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage? A. The narrator’s father was born in York and made a fortune by practicing law. B. The narrator sought his mother’s help to support his goal of going to sea. C. The narrator made an unconditional promise to his father that he wouldn’t go to sea. D. The narrator permanently gave up his voyage dream after seeing his father’s tears. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了1632年生于约克的鲁滨逊，一心渴望出海，违背父亲希望他过中产生活的意愿，虽曾因父亲落泪动摇，却仍决心离家远航的故事。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“My father designed me for the law, but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea. My desire led me so strongly against the will of my father and the appeals of my mother that there seemed to be something unavoidable in that propensity of nature, tending directly to the life of misery which was to happen to me.( 我父亲打算让我当律师，但我只要当海员就心满意足了。我的欲望使我如此强烈地违背了父亲的意愿和母亲的呼吁，似乎在这种天性中有某种不可避免的倾向，直接导致了我即将经历的悲惨生活。)”可知，文章核心围绕叙述者（鲁滨逊）渴望出海冒险，而父亲希望他留在国内从事法律行业、过安稳的中产生活展开。二者的意愿冲突是贯穿全文的主要矛盾。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“My desire led me so strongly against the will of my father and the appeals of my mother that there seemed to be something unavoidable in that … of nature, tending directly to the life of misery which was to happen to me.( 我的欲望使我如此强烈地违背了父亲的意愿和母亲的呼吁，似乎在这种天性中有某种不可避免的……，直接导致了我即将经历的悲惨生活。)”以及前文提到叙述者对出海的渴望强烈违背父母意愿，由此可知，这里的propensity 指代这种“天性里的倾向”。A 选项a natural preference or tendency“天生的偏好或倾向”符合语义。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He had found by long experience that this was the best state in the world, the most suited to human happiness. It was not exposed to the hardships of the lower class, nor embarrassed with the pride of the upper class. He said the tragedies of life were shared among the upper and lower parts of mankind, but the middle station had the fewest disasters. It was calculated for all kinds of virtues and enjoyments; that peace and plenty, temperance, moderation, and health were the blessings attending it.( 根据长期的经验，他发现这是世界上最好的状态，最适合人类的幸福。它不受下层阶级苦难的影响，也不因上层阶级的骄傲而感到尴尬。他说，生活的悲剧是人类的上层和下层共同承担的，但中层的灾难最少。它是为各种美德和享受而设计的；平安、富足、节制、和健康是随之而来的祝福。)”可知，父亲让叙述者接受“中产生活”的主要理由是它最有可能带来和平与幸福的生活。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I told my mother that my thoughts were entirely bent upon seeing the world. I was now eighteen. I begged her to persuade my father to let me go on one voyage, promising if I came back and did not like it, I would go no more.( 我告诉母亲，我一心只想去看看这个世界。那时我十八岁。我恳求她说服父亲让我去一次，并答应如果我回来后不喜欢，我就不再去了。)”可知，最后一段叙述者告诉母亲自己一心想看看世界，并请求母亲说服父亲允许他出海一次。ACD选项均与原文实意不符。故选B项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Brutus speaks at a pulpit. Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen and lovers, hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour that you may believe. Censure (谴责) me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all freemen? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoiced at it. As he was valiant (英勇坚决的), I honour him. But, as he was ambitious, I slew (杀戮) him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman (奴隶)? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. Antony mounts the pulpit. Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man; they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend; he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. He brought many captives home to Rome, whose ransoms brought wealth to the city. Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day, I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honourable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become British beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (He weeps. ) Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honourable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honourable men. 1.How does Brutus feel about the death of Caesar? A. He deeply regrets his actions. B. He feels glad now that Caesar is dead. C. He feels it is justified as Caesar is ambitious. D. He feels it is justified as Caesar doesn’t like him. 2.What is correct about Brutus’s love for Caesar? A. He loves Caesar more than Rome. B. He loves Rome more than he does Caesar. C. He doesn’t love Caesar at all, but hates him. D. It is not strong enough to make him cry over Caesar’s death. 3.Which statement about Antony’s speech is false? A. Antony disagrees with Brutus. B. Antony is glad that Caesar is dead. C. Antony refuses to let Caesar be ambitious. D. Antony does not think that Caesar was a tyrant. 4.How does Antony primarily achieve his persuasive effect in his speech? A. By listing Caesar’s accomplishments and repeatedly questioning Brutus’s “honour.” B. By openly accusing Brutus of treason. C. By urging the crowd to immediate violence. D. By comparing Caesar to historical heroes. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在凯撒遇刺身亡后，布鲁图斯和安东尼先后在葬礼上发表演讲，通过各自不同的言辞来争取民众支持、塑造自身立场的过程。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“But, as he was ambitious, I slew him.(但是，因为他野心勃勃，我杀了他。)”可知，布鲁图斯认为凯撒之死是正当的，因为凯撒野心勃勃。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.(倘若那位挚友问起我为何要反对凯撒，我的答复便是：并非我爱凯撒之情有所削减，而是我对罗马的爱更为深沉。)”可知，布鲁图斯爱罗马胜过爱凯撒。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (He weeps.)(我的心与凯撒一同长眠在那棺木之中，此刻我必须稍作停顿，待它重回我身。（他潸然泪下。）)”可知，凯撒死了，安东尼并不高兴，因此B选项错误。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to the city.(他带了许多俘虏回罗马，这些俘虏的赎金为这座城市带来了财富。)”，“With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man; they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral.(经布鲁图斯及其他人应允——毕竟布鲁图斯是位德高望重之人，他们皆是德高望重之人——我特来此，在凯撒的葬礼上讲几句话。)”和倒数第二段“You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious.(你们大家都亲眼所见，在牧神节那天，我三次将王冠献给他，而他三次都拒绝了。这能算是有野心吗？然而布鲁图斯却说他有野心。)”可知，Antony通过列举凯撒的功绩，反复质疑布鲁图斯的“荣誉感”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·期中）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student. Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam. “It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.” And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea. Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式). And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June. 1.Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers? A. She is the youngest college student in the UK. B. She goes to university at a much earlier age. C. She often gets full marks in maths exams. D. She loves acting as a university student. 2.From the passage we can learn that _______. A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier D. Esther dislikes being taught at home 3.What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius? A. The gene from her family. B. Her course in the university. C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother’s homeschooling. 4.Esther can be described as a girl who _______. A. is ambitious and has a clear goal B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown C. is rebellious but ready to help others D. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国天才女孩Esther Okade十岁上大学的故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student.(但让这位尼日利亚裔英裔女孩脱颖而出的是，她也是一名大学生)”以及第二段中“Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. (Esther来自英国西米德兰兹地区的工业小镇Walsall，是英国最年轻的大一新生之一)”可知，使Okade变得不同的是她上大学的年纪要比别人早得多。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.(为了防止人们认为她的父母强迫她早早上大学，Esther并不这么认为。“其实我7岁的时候就想开始了。但是我妈妈不同意。”经过三年的恳求，埃菲妈妈终于同意了这个想法)”可知，Esther更早的时候就要求上大学了。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.(Esther也不是家里唯一的数学奇迹。她6岁的弟弟Isaiah即将在6月份参加他的第一次A-level考试)”可知，Esther的弟弟也是一个数学天才。由此推知，是基因让她成为一个数学天才的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中Esther所说“I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.(我想在两年内完成这门课程。然后我打算在13岁的时候攻读金融数学博士学位。我想在15岁的时候拥有自己的银行，因为我喜欢数字，我喜欢人，银行是帮助人们的好方法)”可推知，Esther是一个有理想，有着清晰目标的人。故选A项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海育才中学·期中）The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall During World War II, young Jane Goodall was often woken by air-raid sirens. While her sister rushed to the bomb shelter, Jane refused to leave her bed. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes,” she recalls. Eight decades later, in the same house, she displayed the same stubbornness. As a camera crew were bustling about searching for furniture, Goodall stood still. Speaking softly yet with strong belief, she suggested her bedroom instead. Then she led the group upstairs, successful. Goodall’s quiet determination enabled her to patiently wait for others to come around. In 1960, the 26-year-old sat for months in Tanzanian forests, waiting for chimpanzees to accept her presence. Her patience provided the opportunity to observe them closely, leading to her remarkable discovery of tool use among chimps. This finding transformed our understanding of human-animal relationships, earning her global fame. While pursuing her Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1962, professors criticized her for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Rather than confront them, she recalls, “I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right.” Though she later adopted more scientific language, her belief in chimps as intelligent social animals is now widely accepted and has paved the way for tighter restrictions on lab testing of chimpanzees. After Goodall shifted from research to advocacy in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history. She made the best use of her own life story — drawing on the powerful image of a lone woman living among the animals — to get people excited about environmentalism in an era when it was a marginal activity. Through the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which she founded in 1977, she raised funds for habitat conservation projects, poverty-alleviation programs, and animal shelters. And as she travelled around the world, she added countless new stories to her collection: on history, animal behavior, human originality and more. These, rather than protests, became her campaign tools. “If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says.” You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” 1.Paragraphs 1 & 2 are intended to show Jane Goodall ________. A. was very clever since she was a little girl B. remained calm even under wartime conditions C. was very determined to do what she thought was right D. respected other people and didn’t bother to change their mind 2.According to the article, which of the following statements is true about Goodall? A. Her patience with observing chimps helped her make great discoveries. B. The way that Goodall studied wild chimps was encouraged by her professors. C. She helped make chimpanzees more available in lab testing. D. She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to raise money for Tanzania. 3.The underlined word “confront” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”. A. ignore B. satisfy C. believe in D. argue with 4.After Goodall shifted from research to activism, she would try to ________ if she wanted to change someone’s mind. A. tell amazing stories B. set them a good example C. share her feelings with them D. teach them to think for themselves 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了珍·古道尔（Jane Goodall）的生平事迹，她对黑猩猩的研究以及她从研究转向环保倡导的经历。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“While her sister rushed to the bomb shelter, Jane refused to leave her bed. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes,” she recalls. (当她的姐姐冲向防空洞时，珍拒绝离开她的床。“他们得连人带我的被褥一起把我抬下去，”她回忆道。)”和第二段中“As a camera crew were bustling about searching for furniture, Goodall stood still. Speaking softly yet with strong belief, she suggested her bedroom instead. Then she led the group upstairs, successful. (当一个摄制组正忙着四处寻找家具时，古道尔静静地站着。她轻声却坚定地提议用自己的卧室代替。然后她带领众人上了楼，事情成了。)”，并结合第三段首句 “Goodall’s quiet determination enabled her to patiently wait for others to come around. (古道尔这种不动声色的决心，让她能够耐心等待他人改变想法)”可知，前两段通过二战时期和后来的生活片段，旨在体现珍·古道尔做自己认为正确之事时的坚定态度。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Her patience provided the opportunity to observe them closely, leading to her remarkable discovery of tool use among chimps. (她的耐心为她提供了近距离观察黑猩猩的机会，这让她有了黑猩猩会使用工具这一了不起的发现。)”可知，珍·古道尔观察黑猩猩时的耐心，帮助她取得了“黑猩猩使用工具”这一重大发现。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“While pursuing her Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1962, professors criticized her for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Rather than confront them, she recalls, “I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right.” (1962年，当她在剑桥大学攻读博士学位时，教授们批评她用人名和情感来描述黑猩猩。她回忆说，她没有与他们confront，“我只是默默地继续做我认为正确的事情。”)”可知，面对教授的批评，珍·古道尔没有选择与他们对抗，而是继续做自己认为正确的事。因此，此处confront应为“与……争论”之意，与argue with意思相近。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says.” You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” (“如果我试图改变那些与我意见不合的人，我不会表现得自命清高，”她说，“你必须触动他们的心。而我通过讲故事来做到这一点。”)”可知，如果想改变某人的想法，古道尔会通过讲述故事的方式打动对方。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中）My phone vibrates awake, disturbing my baby, who has just fallen asleep after an hour of my shushing. It’s a WhatsApp message from a mum friend. Another buzz, then another. Everyone is up, sleepless, and typing. My own baby cries as I turn over in bed to calm him down, flicking open my messages to catch up on the gossip as I do so. One mum is asking about the right medication dosage for a teething nine-month-old, while another wants to know what time we’re meeting tomorrow. Someone else has just forwarded an Instagram post about motherhood and the power of women. But I don’t feel powerful and, right now, I really can’t do this. It’s 3:07 a.m. I’m tired, overwhelmed and, thanks to the glaring blue light of my phone, wide awake. It’s in this moment that I make my change, swiping my finger down from the top right-hand corner of my phone to bring up its control centre; thumbing, wildly, at the little crescent (月牙形的) moon icon that stops notifications in their tracks, and hanging up my virtual door sign: Do Not Disturb. That was three years ago, and I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions: when waiting for callbacks from doctors, for example, or if I’ve pre-arranged a phone call with a contact. Instead, in the main, my notifications remain firmly, resolutely, off. I do not want to be disturbed; nor, actually, do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler or his new baby brother do. I’ve still had to work on my self-discipline, so that I don’t spend all my time checking my phone to see what I’ve missed. This is, arguably, the hardest part — the temptation of a potential unread message can be profound — but I remain convinced the net gain to my wellbeing, my sleep and my parenting is positive. My phone is still a big part of my life but it doesn’t intrude on my living as much as it once did. I think — I hope — my change has made me a better, more present mother. There are, after all, few things that seek quite as much attention as toddlers and WhatsApp groups. If I had to choose, I’d rather give that attention to the three-year-old than a phone that rings with alerts that seem urgent but, really, are anything but. 1.How did the author feel when deciding to make a change three years ago? A. Frustrated by the constant notifications. B. Eager to change her phone immediately. C. Confident that the change would improve her parenting. D. Indifferent and not particularly affected by the situation. 2.By saying “I’ve only flipped the door sign back around on a few occasions” (para. 4), the author means ________. A. she avoids checking her phone altogether B. she frequently switches her phone notifications back on C. she seldom keeps her door open for fear of being disturbed D. she only allows notifications when it’s absolutely necessary 3.What can you infer from the passage? A. The author sacrificed immediate connection for better phone habits. B. The author believes avoiding phone notifications is essential for earning more money. C. The author finds phone notifications helpful and plans to turn them back on. D. The author regretted limiting her notifications and missed important messages. 4.Which section or column is this passage most likely to be taken from? A. Health and wellness strategies. B. Parenting advice and tips. C. Personal experiences with technology. D. Opinions on social media habits. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母亲关闭手机通知，改善育儿与生活状态的经历。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“My own baby cries as I turn over in bed to calm him down, flicking open my messages to catch up on the gossip as I do so.(当我翻过身躺在床上安抚哭闹的宝宝时，他哭得更厉害了，与此同时，我顺手打开了手机消息，想看看大家都在聊些什么八卦)”以及“I’m tired, overwhelmed and, thanks to the glaring blue light of my phone, wide awake. (我累了，不堪重负，而且，由于手机发出的刺眼蓝光，我完全清醒了)”以及第三段中“I do not want to be disturbed; nor, actually, do I want my phone to demand as much of my attention as my now toddler or his new baby brother do.(我不想被打扰；实际上，我也不希望我的手机像我现在蹒跚学步的孩子或他刚出生的弟弟那样吸引我的注意力)”可知，作者因为手机不断弹出的通知而感到困扰，所以决定做出改变。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线句下文“when waiting for callbacks from doctors, for example, or if I’ve pre-arranged a phone call with a contact.(比如，在等待医生的回电时，或者如果我事先和联系人安排了电话)”可知，作者只有在有医生回电、提前约好电话等绝对必要的情况下，才会关闭勿扰模式恢复通知。由此可知，作者这句话的意思是只有在绝对必要的时候才会允许手机通知。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“I’ve still had to work on my self-discipline, so that I don’t spend all my time checking my phone to see what I’ve missed. This is, arguably, the hardest part — the temptation of a potential unread message can be profound — but I remain convinced the net gain to my wellbeing, my sleep and my parenting is positive.(我仍然需要锻炼自己的自律能力，这样我就不会把所有时间都花在查看手机上，看看我错过了什么。可以说，这是最难的部分——潜在未读消息的诱惑可能很大——但我仍然相信，这对我的健康、睡眠和育儿能力带来的净收益是积极的)”以及最后一段中“If I had to choose, I’d rather give that attention to the three-year-old than a phone that rings with alerts that seem urgent but, really, are anything but.(如果我不得不选择，我宁愿把注意力放在这个三岁的孩子身上，而不是放在一个响着看似紧急但实际上根本不紧急的警报声的手机上)”可推知，作者为了养成良好的手机使用习惯，牺牲了即时的联系。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者因为手机不断弹出的通知而感到困扰，最终决定关闭手机通知，并分享了这一改变带来的积极影响。文章内容主要围绕作者个人对手机技术的使用经历展开。由此推知，本文最有可能出自“个人对技术的使用经历”这一栏目。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中）As a little girl, a significant part of my childhood was spent in my grandma’s country kitchen. An old stove anchored one side of the room, and her sparkling counter tops (台板) were always tidy, topped only by a simple bread box. Yet, the most treasured possession in that entire space was her recipe box. A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive (倾斜的花体字). Her small dinner table provided the perfect stage for her glorious fresh-fruit pies — strawberry, blueberry, apple, cherry. Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty “S” for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. I remember asking her once why she went through the extra trouble of making the “S”. She smiled gently and said, “When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love.” That tiny, warm kitchen was the undeniable heart of our family, the gathering place for every Sunday dinner and holiday celebration. But it was far more than just a place for preparing meals. It was the sacred space where she connected our family’s past to the present, teaching me about my roots and heritage through the stories behind each dish she lovingly prepared. The kitchen was also where I shared my secrets with her. After the baking was done and the scent of warm pastry hung in the air, she would sit with me, and over a glass of milk, I would pour out my heart about school, friends, and my dreams for the future. Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. I pull out the treasured recipe box and bake the same desserts. And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual: I cut two slices of pie, pour a cup of black coffee for her and a glass of milk for myself. Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance. 1.Which of the following statements is true about the recipes in the grandmother’s box? A. They were written by different family members. B. They were mainly for everyday meals. C. They were organized into different categories. D. They were copied from a famous cookbook. 2.The word “demonstrable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. obvious B. hidden C. proud D. unusual 3.What can be inferred about the grandma’s character from the passage? A. She was ambitious and sought public recognition for her baking. B. She was traditional and believed in strict family rules. C. She expressed her love and pride through actions rather than words. D. She was resistant to change and held onto past traditions stubbornly. 4.What is the main purpose of the author’s “little ritual” at Thanksgiving now? A. To prove that she is as good a baker as her grandma. B. To keep her grandma’s kitchen traditions a secret. C. To teach her own children about family recipes. D. To remember and feel connected to her grandma. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过回忆祖母的食谱盒和厨房时光，讲述了祖母通过烘焙和陪伴传递关爱与家庭传统的故事，以及作者如何延续这份爱与记忆。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive. (我的祖母是一位出色的烘焙师，她珍视这个朴素的木盒，里面装满了备受喜爱且秘不外传的家庭食谱。 它们被分成不同的类别——馅饼、蛋糕、饼干、面包——全部用她独特的倾斜花体字书写。)”可知，祖母盒子里的食谱是分门别类整理的。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. (这是我那位安静而自信的祖母曾经展现出的唯一一个……骄傲的标志。)”，结合上文“Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty ‘S’ for her last name, Shipman. (每个金色的馅饼酥皮上都装饰着一个漂亮的‘S’，代表她的姓，希普曼。)”可知，祖母在每个馅饼酥皮上都装饰上代表她姓氏的字母“S”，这是她唯一外在的、可见的展示自豪感的行为。因此可推知“demonstrable”意为“明显的，显而易见的”。A选项“obvious(明显的)”与之意思最接近。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“ Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty ‘S’ for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. (每个金色的馅饼酥皮上都装饰着一个漂亮的‘S’，代表她的姓，希普曼。这是我那位安静而自信的祖母曾经展现出的唯一一个明显的骄傲的标志。)”及祖母说的“When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love .(当你把自己的名字放在某样东西上时，我亲爱的，你就是在承诺它是用心和爱制作的。)”可以推断， 祖母性格沉稳，不轻易用语言表达情感，而是通过制作美食、刻名字等行动传递爱与骄傲 。C选项“她通过行动而非言语来表达她的爱和自豪”符合题意。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. (现在，每到感恩节，我都会延续这个传统。)”，“And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual (做完之后，我还会进行我们的小仪式)”及“Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance.(然后，我在自己的厨房餐桌旁坐下，告诉祖母我生活中的一切，让这种联系跨越时间和距离依然保持活力。)”可知，作者在感恩节延续这个“小仪式”的目的是为了纪念祖母，并感觉与她保持着联系。D选项“为了回忆和感受和她祖母的联系”符合题意。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海闵行中学·期中）The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber’s shop. The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy. The bride was not pretty. She wore a dress of blue cashmere. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves. They embarrassed her. The blushes （脸红）caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see. They were evidently very happy. “Ever been in a parlor-car （特等火车）before?” he asked, smiling with delight. “No,” she answered; “I never was. It’s fine，ain’t it?” “Great! And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. ” “Oh, do they?” cried the bride. “Charge a dollar? Why，that’s too much — for us — ain’t it, Jack?” Later he explained to her about the trains. “You see, if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet（丝绒人）, the shining bronze，silver, and glass, the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room, and on the ceiling were frescos（壁画）in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and infrequently, a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive （嘲讽的）enjoyment. At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest. The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide, his face radiant with kindness. The service, coupled with the ordinary deference（毕恭毕敬），was rare to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 1.The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of ____. A. superiority B. awkwardness C. despair D. satisfaction 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. B. The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. C. It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. D. Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. 3.What does the underlined word “surveyed” mean in the 8th paragraph? A. monitored B. observed C. searched D. investigated 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The waiter was indifferent to the couple. B. The couple felt uneasy at dinner. C. The service was satisfactory. D. The couple enjoyed the dinner. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对新婚夫妇在圣安东尼奥乘车前往得克萨斯州的过程中受到嘲笑的故事。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“ They embarrassed her.”可知，这对夫妇当时感到很尴尬，由此可知，对这对夫妇衣着和行为的描写表明他们有一种尴尬的感觉，故答案为C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive （嘲讽的）enjoyment.”可知，一些乘客把这对夫妇当作嘲讽的对象，故答案为D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.”可知，尤其是那人的脸上洋溢着喜悦的神情，使他在黑人看门人看来显得滑稽可笑，这说明他引起了看门人的注意，自然要仔细打量他们，由此可知画线词词义为“观察、打量”，故答案为B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ they showed in their faces a sense of escape.”可知，这对夫妇有种想逃的感觉，由此可知他们感到很不舒服，故答案为B。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词上下文对人物动作、表情及心理活动的描写是关键，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.”可知，尤其是那人的脸上洋溢着喜悦的神情，使他在黑人看门人看来显得滑稽可笑，这说明他的表情引起了看门人的注意，所以看门人自然要仔细打量他们，由此可知画线词词义为“观察、打量”。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）The term “voluntourism” often evokes images of earnest Western youths building schools in sun-drenched, impoverished villages. I was once one of them, my motivation an ambiguous blend of altruism and a thirst for an “authentic” experience that transcended the typical tourist itinerary. My destination was a small coastal community in Southeast Asia, where I had paid a substantial fee to assist in a sea turtle conservation project for four weeks. Upon arrival, a creeping disillusionment began to set in. The project was less about hands-on conservation and more a well-orchestrated simulation for volunteers. Our days consisted of being handed rakes at dawn to meticulously level the beach, a task we were told was crucial for identifying new turtle tracks. Yet, we often saw the same tracks we had carefully smoothed over the day before, untouched. Our tasks were monotonous and of questionable utility: raking the same patch of sand repeatedly to make it appear perfectly tidy for the nesting turtles—a practice the local staff admitted was largely performative. Once, the excitement was palpable when a nest was identified; we gathered around, hoping to carefully relocate the eggs to the safer, shaded hatchery. But we were only permitted to watch from a distance. The delicate work of monitoring nests and handling hatchlings was reserved solely for the full-time, local biologists. We were mere bystanders, our presence justified more by our financial contribution than any tangible labor. The most profound unease, however, stemmed from a conversation with a soft-spoken local biologist, Mr. Tan. Over sweetened tea, he confessed, with a tone of diplomatic resignation, that the constant rotation of unskilled volunteers was often more disruptive than beneficial. “The funds are vital,” he acknowledged, “I once spent a whole morning supervising a group who were ‘building a protective fence.’ It collapsed in the first high tide. My team and I had to rebuild it properly that night. The expectation is that we must always have ‘work’ for you to do, even if we have to invent it. It sometimes distracts from our real research.” His words laid bare the uncomfortable economics of our endeavor: we were not saviors but paying customers, purchasing the illusion of purpose and a portfolio of photographs that screamed benevolent worldliness. This transactional nature of the relationship made me question the very foundation of my presence there, reducing a complex ecological and social context to a backdrop for my own moral and existential theater. I left with no illusions of having “saved the turtles.” Instead, I carried the weight of a complicated lesson: that the desire to do good is not synonymous with actually doing good, and that the most ethical form of aid might sometimes be the simplest — financial support, channeled directly to those who know best how to use it, unburdened by the need to host and entertain a rotating cast of well-meaning amateurs. The romanticized narrative of the Western savior, I realized, is a difficult one to dismantle, as it is so deeply embedded in our collective consciousness and so flattering to our own self-perception. 1.The author’s original intention in joining the program was rooted in ________. A. an urge to escape routine and pursue adventure B. a mix of selfless impulse and a quest for novelty C. external financial incentives and social obligation D. a blend of professional ambition and academic curiosity 2.What does the underlined phrase “a well-orchestrated simulation”（para. 2） imply about the volunteer project? A. It was artificially constructed for the benefit of the volunteers. B. It was structured to be both highly educational and rich in skills. C. It was a commercial enterprise exploiting volunteers financially. D. It was carefully planned to provide a safe and rewarding experience. 3.According to Mr. Tan, what was the main downside of the constant flow of volunteers? A. It gradually drained the project’s limited financial reserves. B. It generated cultural misunderstandings with the local community. C. It consumed time and manpower to create and supervise unnecessary tasks. D. It introduced persistent communication challenges that hindered real research. 4.The author’s ultimate realization can be summarized as an understanding that ________. A. personal growth is an unintended yet valuable byproduct of failed endeavors B. critiquing the flaws of international aid is a necessary step towards its reform C. effective help must prioritize local expertise and minimize disruptive interference D. well-intentioned human intervention may accidentally accelerate ecological decline 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者参与“公益旅游”的经历，揭露其形式化本质，并领悟到有效的援助必须优先考量本地专业能力，并最大限度减少具有破坏性的干扰。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was once one of them, my motivation an ambiguous blend of altruism and a thirst for an “authentic” experience that transcended the typical tourist itinerary.(我曾也是其中一员，动机模糊地交织着利他之心与对 “真实” 体验的渴求 —— 这种体验，早已超越了常规旅游行程的范畴。)”可知，作者参与该项目的初衷是无私的冲动（利他主义）与对新奇体验（超越常规的真实经历）的追求。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Our tasks were monotonous and of questionable utility: raking the same patch of sand repeatedly to make it appear perfectly tidy for the nesting turtles—a practice the local staff admitted was largely performative.(我们的任务单调且效用存疑：反复耙同一片沙滩，使其看起来对筑巢的海龟完美整洁——当地工作人员承认，这种做法在很大程度上是象征性的。)”及“We were mere bystanders, our presence justified more by our financial contribution than any tangible labor.(我们只是旁观者，我们的存在更多是因为经济贡献而非实际劳动。)”可知，“a well-orchestrated simulation”（一场精心策划的 “模拟体验”）表明该项目的任务多为形式化、无实际保育作用的安排，本质是为满足志愿者“参与公益”的心理而人为设计的。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the constant rotation of unskilled volunteers was often more disruptive than beneficial. “The funds are vital,” he acknowledged, “I once spent a whole morning supervising a group who were ‘building a protective fence.’ It collapsed in the first high tide. My team and I had to rebuild it properly that night. The expectation is that we must always have ‘work’ for you to do, even if we have to invent it. It sometimes distract s from our real research.”(没有专业技能的志愿者频繁轮换，往往弊大于利。“资金固然至关重要，” 他坦言，“但有一次，我花了整整一个上午监督一群‘建造防护栏’的志愿者。结果那护栏在第一次涨潮时就塌了，我和团队当晚不得不重新进行妥善修建。大家默认我们必须一直为你们安排“工作”，哪怕这些工作是凭空编造的。这有时会分散我们真正的研究精力。”)”可知，Mr. Tan认为志愿者的主要弊端是：需要花费时间和人力设计并监督不必要的任务，且干扰了真正的研究工作。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead, I carried the weight of a complicated lesson: that the desire to do good is not synonymous with actually doing good, and that the most ethical form of aid might sometimes be the simplest—financial support, channeled directly to those who know best how to use it, unburdened by the need to host and entertain a rotating cast of well-meaning amateurs.(相反，我背负着一个深刻而复杂的教训：心怀善念并不等同于真正行善，而最符合伦理的援助形式有时或许最为简单 —— 那便是直接将资金支持提供给最懂如何运用它的人，无需承担招待一批又一批善意业余爱好者的负担)”可知，作者最终意识到：有效的援助必须优先考量本地专业能力，并最大限度减少具有破坏性的干扰。故选C项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（记叙文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.A3.C4.B 进阶提升) 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.B4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.A 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.D 112 学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 拓展培优)} 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.C 212