专题06 阅读理解（六选四）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题06 阅读理解（六选四） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Tips on How to Keep Personal Items Safe While Travelling You might be surprised to hear that even in the limited space of an airplane, thefts still do occur. In a case reported, two men on board a flight were arrested after being suspected of stealing cash from fellow passengers’ mid-flight. 1 While airlines don’t advertise the fact, they’re not as rare as you may think. There are some tips to ensure you don’t become the victim of such crimes. 2 This is especially important if you have a black, featureless bag. For example, you can sew a symbol on it or write your initials on the bag. Keep your valuables such as cash, your ID and passport, and jewellery in a small bag that you can place under the seat in front of you. Rest your feet on your bag to make sure no one gets close to the bag. 3 It takes just a few seconds for experienced thieves to steal your bag, so never give them the opportunity by leaving it unattended. 4 For example, you can divide your cash into three portions and keep some in your small bag, some in a pair of jeans that’s rolled up in your checked baggage, and some in your toiletries bag (化妆包). In this way, even if you lose one stash of money, you will not be left with absolutely no cash. A. To ensure you get enough storage room, try to board the flight early. B. Bring it with you whenever you leave your seat. C. Thieves won’t spend too long on locked bags as it may draw attention to themselves. D. Cases like this are known as in-flight or mid-flight thefts. E. Keep your cash or credit cards in different hiding places. F. Make sure your bag is easily recognizable so thieves can’t just switch it out with a similar looking bag. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）The Psychology Behind Sports Fandom We all know there are sports fans all around the world. But what psychological processes drive them to support their favourite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward? 1 One of the main reasons behind sports fandom is that people often feel a sense of belonging when they are connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose. 2 Another important reason is that sports fandom often involves a deep emotional attachment. Fans may not directly contribute to the results of matches, but they feel each win and loss as their own. As a result, they continue to put in their emotions, time, energy — and often money — to support their favourite stars or teams. Being a sports fan can have several benefits. Firstly, it can serve as a form of escape, allowing people to temporarily disconnected from their daily stresses. Sports fandom can also raise self-esteem (自尊), as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. 3 For example, fans tend to say “we”, “us” and “our” to show their attachment to their favourite team, especially when it performs well. This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships. This is more important than ever nowadays as other bonds across society have weakened, such as music and pop culture. However, sports fandom can also have its downsides. The heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment, when a team of athlete performs badly. 4 There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game. Finally, the tribal (部落)nature of sports fandom cans sometimes fuel aggression between different groups. As a result, we should simply not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time. A. Perhaps the best part of being a fan is the hope. B. Psychologists have long been interested in this topic. C. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. D. One moment, you’re on cloud nine; the next, you’re heartbroken. E. Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter. F. For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）The creation and expansion of the Internet has literally changed the world as we know it. Being successful in online study takes a certain degree of self-discipline. Keep a calendar. Buy one, download one, create one on your laptop or phone, but get a calendar! Especially for adults, it is difficult to keep track of dates. And you cannot rely on your instructor to remind you of every assignment and exam date; his or her job is not to keep you organized. Check that calendar on a daily basis! 1 . Consider the challenges you will have in an online class format. In most lower-level educational settings, the environment is structured. But many classes allow the student to essentially participate whenever and wherever the student desires. There are also some common pitfalls (隐患). For example: Is time organization an issue? Online learning means you are responsible for your progress, so if you have a hard time with using time wisely, you will have to problem-solve. If you have a question, ask it! 2 . Also, if a professor has 50 students, it is not really possible to give an elaborate answer to each student. Or, if you need a more detailed answer, simply ask for it. Schedule study time. 3 . Tell them that you need time to study for your online course. “Online” does not mean simply the time you spend on your computer; you need time alone to do the studying or homework required just as you would for a traditional course. 4 . What this is will vary a bit from person to person, but it will have minimal distractions. Keep it clear, except for a laptop, tools, and maybe a fidget toy or two to stimulate your brain as you work. If you are a restless sort, sit on an exercise ball or give yourself a five-minute break to walk around the room. A. Your family needs to give you constant support. B. This tool is useless if you do not refer to it. C. Set up an appropriate study space. D. Create an environment to learn with your groups. E. A simple question will likely yield a simple answer. F. You may need to be assertive (果断，坚定) with your family and friends. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）Universities Are Embracing AI: Will Students Get Smarter or Stop Thinking? When students entered Tsinghua University in Beijing this year, one of the first representatives they met wasn’t a person. 1 The bot is designed to answer students’ questions about courses, clubs and life on campus. At the same time, students at Ohio State University in Columbus will take compulsory AI classes this year as part of an initiative to ensure that all of them are ‘AI fluent’ by the time they graduate. All this is part of a sea change sweeping through campuses as universities and students struggle to adapt to the use of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. These tools can, within seconds, analyze complex information, answer questions and generate polished essays. Such are some of the exact skills universities have conventionally taught. 2 Universities such as Tsinghua and Ohio State are already weaving AI into their teaching — and some studies hint that AI-powered tools can help students to learn. But many education specialists are deeply nervous about the explosion of AI on campuses: they fear that AI tools are blocking learning because they’ re so new that teachers and students are struggling to use them well. Faculty members also worry that students are using AI to short-cut their way through assignments and tests, and some research hints that offloading mental work in this way can encourage independent, critical thought. 3 Many of them are controlled by companies, have unknown cognitive impacts and are dogged by ethical and environmental concerns. 4 “The rate of adoption of various generative AI tools by students and faculty across the world has been accelerating too fast for institutional policies, instructions and ethics to keep up,” says Shafika Isaacs, chief of section for technology and Al in education at the United Nations cultural organization UNESCO, in Paris. A. Surveys around the world show that students are quickly incorporating AI into their lives. B. Some academics are angry that universities are allowing or even encouraging the use of AI tools. C. At Tsinghua University, academics also quickly started experimenting with ChatGPT after its release. D. However, there is one point of agreement among both enthusiasts and sceptics: the future has already arrived. E. Admission letters to the admired institution came with an invitation code to an artificial-intelligence agent. F. To some, AI presents an exciting opportunity to improve education and prepare students for a rapidly changing world. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Janja Garnbret:A Great Climber Janja Garnbret has literally won everything there is to win: an Olympic gold medal, six World Championship crowns, four European titles and 37 IFSC World Cup triumphs. Despite being accustomed to winning, Janja admits she does feel the pressure, but knows how to handle it, “I definitely feel the pressure from the climbing world, from media, from everyone around me. But I try not to think about it. I try to put it aside and just climb. I keep saying to myself that if I have fun, then everything will work out because I will have the right energy. 1 ” People may think that Janja doesn’t have any doubts because she is so good. But of course, she has doubts. There are moments where she just thinks, “Am I ready enough? Did I train hard enough? Can I give 100 percent out of myself?” 2 She doesn’t do any fitness or any running. But there are specific exercises for climbing and then she does some special training with the physio, like prevention exercises from injuries that take an hour and a half. When asked what makes her unique and special, Janja says she is just a perfectionist and she wants to be great. 3 Roman started climbing when he was 18 years old, in high school, by accident. But at that time, there was no coach who would help him. So, he made up his mind to change this and started coaching. Then, in 2019, he became the coach of Janja who was already something. In one post-match interview, Roman was asked whether talent decides a great climber or not, and he said, “Talent is definitely something. 4 You could be super, super talented, but nowadays in a World Cup there are hundreds of people like that. I would say, like, 20 or 30 percent is talent, and all the rest is training and hard work and motivation and dedication and mentality.” A. But I can say talent without training is nothing. B. Even though she has achieved a lot of things, she still trains super hard. C. In training, you don’t get the same move twice, it’s always something different. D. Besides, she also mentions that her coach, Roman Krajnik, is her secret weapon. E. Usually, in order to be at the best, Janja basically does 95 percent of training on the wall. F. This is basically how I prepare myself. Try not to think about what ifs and what will be the outcome. Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Are Food Miles Really Important? A popular narrative with food is simple: “eating local” is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. It seems quite reasonable intuitively, but how reliable is it? 1 But how much of this is directly connected to moving food around the globe from farm to fork? Perhaps less than you might think. In one of the most comprehensive studies, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania have reported that the shipment of food around the world only contributes around 4 percent of global carbon emissions. 2 Many studies revealed that most emissions were actually generated from other aspects of food production, such as agriculture, processing and cooking. In fact, it is the end consumer that used by far the most energy. Transport? The least. One UK government study found that tomatoes trucked hundreds of kilometers from sunny Spain had a carbon footprint that was less than a third of that of those grown in heated glasshouses in chilly UK. In contrast to the simple “local=more eco-friendly” narrative, the authors therefore concluded that: “A single indicator based on total food kilometers travelled would not be a valid indicator of sustainability.” 3 For example, as air freight produces more than 75 times more emissions than sea freight, shipping food to the UK all the way from South-East Asia would involve far less carbon than the same product popped on a short flight from Italy. In this context, the emissions that come from shipping food by air freight one mile, is equal to the emissions from shipping food for more than 9 miles by road, and 75 miles by sea, making the concept of distance as a direct indicator of emissions highly problematic. So is eating local really a better option? It depends. 4 Indeed, there are many other ways to measure environmental impact other than carbon emissions. But when we look at the evidence, only one thing is clear: food miles alone really aren’t a good proxy (指标) for sustainability. In fact, sometimes they are incredibly misleading. While we can’t disregard them entirely, we should view them in the context of a suite of other factors, recognizing that they often make up a tiny fraction of food’s carbon impact. A. There are many reasons why you might be choosing to do so, aside from environmental concerns. B. For instance, some people prefer local food because of its fresher taste or to support local farmers. C. When it comes to our carbon footprint, transport methods vary enormously too. D. The report is in line with much research from around the world, which suggests that transportation only generates between 4 to 6 percent of the food system’s carbon footprint. E. Well, it is indeed true that the food sector uses a lot of energy, contributing 20 to 30 percent of all greenhouse gases. F. Even within the same transport method, emissions can differ based on factors like vehicle load and fuel type. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）At a Loss for Words Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say? If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”. If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. 1 That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”. English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. 2 However, in other languages it is perfectly usual. 3 English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English. It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. 4 For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try. A. Special occasions are another way in which languages differ. B. It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary. C. What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune. D. Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it. E. You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely. F. But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）Are you thinking about taking a class in human development? If you are majoring in psychology, education or a medical field, some background knowledge of how people grow and change throughout life is necessary. In addition to gaining a better understanding of others, studying human development can also provide greater personal insight (洞察力). ● 1 We were all kids once, so learning more about how children develop and grow can provide additional insight into the person you have become and your future. Studying human development can also teach you a great deal about your children. You can gain greater insight into how your children behave, think, learn and feel. ●And you’ll gain a greater appreciation of development throughout life. When we think of human development, it’s easy to think of it as a process that is largely complete once we hit early adulthood. 2 As you enter adulthood, go through middle age and face the beginning of old age, having a greater understanding of how people continue to grow and change as they get older can help you appreciate and manage all the stages of your life. ●It all allows you to understand what’s normal, and what’s not. Another important reason to study development is that you can gain a greater understanding of what is normal. While every person is a little bit different, human development tends to follow a predictable (可预测的) pattern. 3 Perhaps most importantly, studying human development makes it easier to discover possible signs of trouble. From problems with physical or cognitive (认知的) development in early childhood to emotional struggles later in life, being able to recognize potential problems is important. 4 No matter what the situation, early detection (察觉) and treatment can lead to better outcomes. A. You’ll better understand how to interact with kids. B. Studying development helps you better understand yourself and your children. C. The earlier developmental problems are detected, the sooner intervention (干预) can begin. D. Once you have studied development, you’ll know what’s typical at certain ages and stages. E. However, you must realize that development is an ongoing process that continues all throughout life. F. By understanding the aging process, you’ll be better prepared when you face issues associated with growing older. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海川沙中学·期中）The World Needs Zoos ZOOS play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity (圈养). Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. 1 Take the ring-tailed lemur (环尾狐猴) of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous (普遍存在的)in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. 2 One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. 3 Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take a great local loss seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. 4 If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild. A. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. B. So we can see many endangered animals living in zoos. C. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. D. But unfortunately that is not always the case. E. But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize. F. This is a trend that is only likely to continue. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海闵行中学·期中）Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community, every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 1 Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative. Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep going. Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with? Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. 2 Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. 3 By letting them “borrow” your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for! 4 . Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action. A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society. B. Then find a need or an issue you really care about. C. But they belong to the community, too. D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward. E. Don’t hesitate to take part in the community’s activity. F. Round up some readers. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. We often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. 1 How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationships with ourselves? The problem might be worse than we expect. Maybe we don’t like ourselves without realizing it. Here is a simple checklist: Is there anything you don’t like about yourself from these lists? Your past: Maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. 2 Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious(潜意识的) mind still has a reason not to like yourself. Your background: You might wish that you were born in a different family, or that you have a different background. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others. They seem to get whatever they want effortlessly because of their background. Your personal features: You might have some personality features that you don’t like. For example, you may be an introvert(内向的) and you don’t like it; you wish you were an extrovert. Others might have better achievements than you, and no matter how hard you tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. 3 Is there anything that resonate (共鸣) with you? All these give reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself. 4 Here are some tips: Forgive yourself; Accept things you can’t change; Focus on your strengths; Write your success stories; Stop comparing yourself with others; Always be true to yourself. A. That is the first step if we are to have good relationships with others. B. You might think that it’s because you are not smart enough or don’t have enough talents. C. You can do something to improve the relationships with others. D. Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situation. E. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you make such mistakes. F. Sometimes you might not believe yourself. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. We say yes for many reasons. But if we're in the habit of saying yes too often, ,we may find ourselves unhappy, or angry. 1 When we say yes out of duty, we're not taking care of ourselves and end up disappointing and hurting ourselves. Follow these simple tips to help you say no with love. 2 I had the bad habit of saying yes to things right away and then feeling terrible later. When Jane asks if you can watch her dog this weekend, tell her you're honored that she thought of you and that you'd be happy to let her know at the end of the day or the next morning. Three breaths and two questions. If we are in the habit of saying yes, every question can cause stress. Take three deep breathe before you answer, which will ground you. Then ask yourself these questions: "Am I able to? Do I want to?" Just because we're able to do something doesn't mean we should or that we need to. Turn them down and offer alternatives. 3 Your mind may tell you that you're selfish（自私的）or you're a bad person for saying no. This is not true. You are saying no because you value yourself, your time, and your energy. Saying no can look something like this: "I appreciate you thinking of me to watch your dog but unfortunately I'm not able to this weekend." Or "Unfortunately I'm not able to this weekend, but my friend Sally loves dogs and said she'd be around this weekend. Let me know if you'd like her number." Simply say no, with a smile. "Thanks for thinking of me, but I'm not able to do that." Then smile. 4 When you're able to say no easily and without guilt, you might even find that you are more willing to volunteer or participate because when you do, it will be out of joy. A. Say thanks and think it over. B. Saying no can be the hardest step. C. Learning to say no protects our energy and time. D. Offer something that you would be comfortable with. E. We don't want to disappoint them or hurt their feelings. F. By being able to say no in a loving way, it shows self-respect. Passage 8 （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）Talk — A powerful tool in family education It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 1 . A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything at the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud is very effective. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement. 2 But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. But not just any talk. 3 For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this mutual back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 4 . A. Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do. B. They have a wide range of activities after school. C. Talking with children is a very simple task. D. A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools. E. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. F. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. Passage 9 （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Protect Internet Privacy As the number of passwords Internet users create increases, people find themselves struggling to follow the advice of security experts. Consider the common password-related advice: Create unique passwords for each site, make each password at least eight characters long, and don’t forget to change those passwords every few months. 1 Thankfully, there is some good advice for creating, memorising and managing passwords that can help users protect their passwords and their data from hackers. When it comes to passwords, the longer, the better, as longer ones are harder for hackers and their computers to crack. 2 Including a variety of keyboard characters, numbers and upper- and lower-case letters makes passwords much harder to crack. Typing an eight-character password composed only of lower-case letters and numbers into passwordstrengthcalculator.org shows the password could be cracked by a supercomputer in less than a second. But that same computer would need a thousand years to crack a 14-character password composed of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers and special keyboard characters. Unfortunately, the features that make passwords strong also make them hard to memorise. 3 One can make passwords more memorable by using passphrases instead. Passphrases feature strings of words that hold meaning for the user but appear as nonsense to everyone else. For example, “sportscar flower mountain” will have people scratching their heads while reminding the user of her Hawaiian vacation. To make that passphrase more secure, she could insert random characters between the words. A stronger passphrase would be SportsCarFloWer89mouNTain@2, a 29-character password that would theoretically keep a supercomputer occupied for billions of years! In addition, several dedicated password management programmes are available to remember users’ passwords for them. Many, such as LastPass, are free to download and offer password management services such as creating passwords, storing passwords and pointing out weak passwords. Some, such as Dash lane, can even log in for users and alert them whenever a site they frequently visit has been hacked. 4 A. Complexity (复杂性) helps, too. B. However, the complicated passwords may help improve users’ memory. C. But there is hope for users whose brainpower has already run out. D. And it is also important to change passwords often. E. In spite of all this, users must still remember a master password that gives them access to their sensitive data. F. Even for users with only a handful of passwords, following that advice is challenging indeed! Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension and stress from time to time. Here are some ways to help us manage them. 1 We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you are watching or doing, it could even make you more nervous. The same is true for alcohol, drugs or tobacco. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it’s a false state of relaxation that’s only temporary. What the body really needs is a relaxation technique — like deep breathing, tai chi or yoga — that has a physical effect on the mind. Get enough sleep, nutrition and exercise Get the right amount of sleep for your needs not too much or too little. Eat well-chosen fruit, vegetables, low fat proteins and whole grains for long term energy instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine. 2 In that way, your brain and body can operate at their best. Connect with others. 3 Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, which allows us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone. 4 Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful. Choose somewhere you feel safe so that you can relax and enjoy your surroundings. Walking or hiking can offer additional benefit or exercise. Invite a friend or two — or a family member along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well. Think positively. A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful and positive. Allow yourself to dream and wish for the best. A. Spend time with your friends or family. B. Express yourself to others. C. Connect with nature. D. Keep away from stress and anxiety. E. Exercise to send oxygen to every cell to the body. F. Choose a correct way to relax. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 1 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 1.Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. 2 Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2.Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.Do not wait to be spoken to.You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 3. 3 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 4 5. Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.Try not to find fault with your friends.Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Do things together. B. You can go to public places to meet new people. C. Making new friends comes easy for some people. D. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. E. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. F. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the world have flocked to the same idea. No matter what the future brings, they say confidently, we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope. The view sounds reassuringly sensible. If computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them to humans’ advantage. Otherwise, they may run the risk of being replaced by computers. 1 Research published by the Social Mobility Commission shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school, and vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers, you can bet the bean counters will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger. 2 In the UK, the government introduced an “apprenticeship levy” a few years ago in an attempt to force employers to spend more on training. A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on “apprenticeships” at business schools. It is no good criticizing employers for directing investments at their highly skilled workers. They are simply aiming for the highest return they can get. And, for some types of lower-paid work, it is not always true that technological progress requires more skills. The UK’s latest Employment and Skills Survey, which is performed every five years, suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012, even as the use of computers has increased. The trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it unnecessary the next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries. 3 It is time to revisit older ideas. The UK once had an energetic culture of night schools, for adults to attend after their day jobs. These institutions have been disappearing due to funding cuts. But a revival of night schools could be exactly what the 21st century needs. 4 They can also explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before. It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or a flood. But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake. A. Employers also invest more in better educated workers by launching employer-sponsored employee education programs. B. According to an Oxford University study, nowadays employers are more likely to hire the first-year apprentices. C. Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people can choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade. D. But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least. E. People can effectively train or upskill themselves to meet their specific professional needs. F. But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）How to Tell If a Photo Is an AI-Generated Fake You may have seen photographs that suggest otherwise, but former president Donald Trump wasn’t arrested last month, and the dog didn’t walk in a wheelchair. These recent hits were the fruits of artificial intelligence systems that process a user’s text descriptions to create images. 1 “It’s pretty amazing, in terms of what AI image generators (生成器) are able to do,” says S. Shyam Sundar, a researcher at Pennsylvania State University who studies media technologies. “ 2 ” Some of the factors behind this leap in ability include the ever-increasing number of images available to train such AI systems, as well as advances in data processing that make the technology accessible to regular Internet users, Sundar notes. The result is that artificially generated images are everywhere and can be “next to impossible to detect,” he says. Ironically, experts say that humans’ best defense from being fooled by an Al system may be yet another AI system: one trained to detect artificial images. As AI image generation progresses, algorithms (算法) are better equipped than humans to detect some of the tiny fingerprints of robotic creation. Creating these AI detective programs works the same way as any other machine learning task, says Yong Jae Lee, a computer scientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “ 3 Then you can train a machine-learning model to distinguish the two,” Lee says. 4 Most such algorithms are trained on images from a specific AI generator and are unable to identify fakes produced by different algorithms. Most detectors also lack the user-friendly interfaces (界面) that have tempted so many people to try the generative AI systems. A. Still, these programs have significant shortcomings. B. There’s been a giant leap in the last year or so in terms of image-generation abilities. C. AI detectors will therefore always be struggling to keep up with AI image generators. D. You collect a data set of real images, and you also collect a data set of AI-generated images. E. They demonstrate how these systems have now become convincing enough to fool any viewer. F. Also, users need to evaluate visual information by asking whether it’s AI-generated before sharing. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题06阅读理解（六选四） 基础必练 Passage 1 【答案】1.D 2.F 3.B 4.E Passage 2 【答案】1.B 2.E 3.C 4.F Passage 3 【答案】1.B 2.E 3.F 4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.E 2.F 3.B4.D Passage 5 【答案】1.F 2.E3.D 4.A 进阶提升) Passage 1 【答案】1.E 2.D3.C 4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C 2.E 3.A 4.F Passage 3 【答案】1.B 2.E 3.D 4.c Passage 4 【答案】1.A 2.C3.F 4.E Passage 5 【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C4.F Passage 6 1/2 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.A 2.E 3.B 4.D Passage 7 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.F Passage 8 【答案】1.D 2.A3.F 4.E Passage 9 【答案】1.F 2.A 3.C 4.E 拓展培优 Passage 1 【答案】1.F 2.E3.A 4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.c 2.B 3.A 4.E Passage 3 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.F4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.E 2.B 3.D4.A 2/2 专题06 阅读理解（六选四） Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海第四中学·期中）Tips on How to Keep Personal Items Safe While Travelling You might be surprised to hear that even in the limited space of an airplane, thefts still do occur. In a case reported, two men on board a flight were arrested after being suspected of stealing cash from fellow passengers’ mid-flight. 1 While airlines don’t advertise the fact, they’re not as rare as you may think. There are some tips to ensure you don’t become the victim of such crimes. 2 This is especially important if you have a black, featureless bag. For example, you can sew a symbol on it or write your initials on the bag. Keep your valuables such as cash, your ID and passport, and jewellery in a small bag that you can place under the seat in front of you. Rest your feet on your bag to make sure no one gets close to the bag. 3 It takes just a few seconds for experienced thieves to steal your bag, so never give them the opportunity by leaving it unattended. 4 For example, you can divide your cash into three portions and keep some in your small bag, some in a pair of jeans that’s rolled up in your checked baggage, and some in your toiletries bag (化妆包). In this way, even if you lose one stash of money, you will not be left with absolutely no cash. A. To ensure you get enough storage room, try to board the flight early. B. Bring it with you whenever you leave your seat. C. Thieves won’t spend too long on locked bags as it may draw attention to themselves. D. Cases like this are known as in-flight or mid-flight thefts. E. Keep your cash or credit cards in different hiding places. F. Make sure your bag is easily recognizable so thieves can’t just switch it out with a similar looking bag. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. B 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在旅行中如何保护个人物品安全，提供了一些实用的建议。 (1)题解析： 由上文“You might be surprised to hear that even in the limited space of an airplane, thefts still do occur. In a case reported, two men on board a flight were arrested after being suspected of stealing cash from fellow passengers’ mid-flight. (你可能会惊讶地听到，即使在飞机有限的空间里，盗窃案仍然会发生。据报道，在一架航班上，两名男子因涉嫌在飞行途中偷取乘客现金而被捕。)”及下文“While airlines don’t advertise the fact, they’re not as rare as you may think. (虽然航空公司没有宣传这一事实，但这种情况并不像你想象的那么罕见。)”可知，本空需对前文提到的“飞行途中偷窃事件”进行定义。D选项“Cases like this are known as in-flight or mid-flight thefts. (像这样的案件被称为飞行中或飞行中的盗窃。)”是对上文盗窃案例的总结，并引出下文对这类案件普遍性的讨论，符合题意。故选D。 (2)题解析： 由下文“This is especially important if you have a black, featureless bag. For example, you can sew a symbol on it or write your initials on the bag. (如果你的包是黑色的，没有特色的，这一点尤其重要。例如，你可以在上面缝一个符号，或者在包上写上你的名字首字母。)”可知，本空应强调让包容易被识别的重要性。F选项“Make sure your bag is easily recognizable so thieves can’t just switch it out with a similar-looking bag. (确保你的包很容易辨认，这样小偷就不能用看起来相似的包来替换你的包。)”直接点明了让包容易被识别的重要性，能引出下文，符合题意。故选F。 (3)题解析： 由上文“Keep your valuables such as cash, your ID and passport, and jewellery in a small bag that you can place under the seat in front of you. Rest your feet on your bag to make sure no one gets close to the bag. (把你的贵重物品，如现金、身份证和护照、珠宝，放在一个小包里，你可以把它放在前面的座位下面。把脚放在包上，确保没有人靠近包。)”及下文“It takes just a few seconds for experienced thieves to steal your bag, so never give them the opportunity by leaving it unattended. (对于经验丰富的小偷来说，偷你的包只需要几秒钟，所以千万不要给他们机会，让他们趁你不注意的时候偷走。)”可知，本空应强调包要随身携带。B选项“Bring it with you whenever you leave your seat. (每当你离开座位时，都要随身携带它。)”直接提出了包要随身携带的建议，能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 (4)题解析： 由下文“For example, you can divide your cash into three portions and keep some in your small bag, some in a pair of jeans that’s rolled up in your checked baggage, and some in your toiletries bag. In this way, even if you lose one stash of money, you will not be left with absolutely no cash. (例如，你可以把现金分成三份，一份放在小包里，一份放在托运行李里卷好的牛仔裤里，一份放在化妆包里。这样，即使你丢了一笔钱，你也不会身无分文。)”可知，本空应提出“将现金或信用卡分开放置”的建议。E选项“Keep your cash or credit cards in different hiding places. (把你的现金或信用卡藏在不同的地方。)”直接提出了分散存放现金或信用卡的建议，能引出下文，符合题意。故选E。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海外国语大学附属大境中学·期中）The Psychology Behind Sports Fandom We all know there are sports fans all around the world. But what psychological processes drive them to support their favourite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward? 1 One of the main reasons behind sports fandom is that people often feel a sense of belonging when they are connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose. 2 Another important reason is that sports fandom often involves a deep emotional attachment. Fans may not directly contribute to the results of matches, but they feel each win and loss as their own. As a result, they continue to put in their emotions, time, energy — and often money — to support their favourite stars or teams. Being a sports fan can have several benefits. Firstly, it can serve as a form of escape, allowing people to temporarily disconnected from their daily stresses. Sports fandom can also raise self-esteem (自尊), as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. 3 For example, fans tend to say “we”, “us” and “our” to show their attachment to their favourite team, especially when it performs well. This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships. This is more important than ever nowadays as other bonds across society have weakened, such as music and pop culture. However, sports fandom can also have its downsides. The heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment, when a team of athlete performs badly. 4 There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game. Finally, the tribal (部落)nature of sports fandom cans sometimes fuel aggression between different groups. As a result, we should simply not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time. A. Perhaps the best part of being a fan is the hope. B. Psychologists have long been interested in this topic. C. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. D. One moment, you’re on cloud nine; the next, you’re heartbroken. E. Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter. F. For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. C 4. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍体育迷狂热背后的心理动因，以及成为体育迷的益处与潜在弊端。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“But what psychological processes drive them to support their favourite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward?(但是什么心理过程驱使他们如此热情地支持自己喜爱的运动员或球队，甚至没有获得回报的可能？)”可知，前文提出了关于体育迷狂热背后心理动因的疑问，B选项“Psychologists have long been interested in this topic.(心理学家长期以来一直对这个话题感兴趣)”中的this topic指代上文提出的心理动因问题，承接前文疑问并引出下文对原因的分析，符合语境。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“One of the main reasons behind sports fandom is that people often feel a sense of belonging when they are connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose.(体育迷现象背后的一个主要原因是，当人们与比自身更宏大的事物产生联结时，往往会产生归属感。这满足了他们对目标感的需求)”可知，前文强调这种联结带来的归属感和目标感，E选项“Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter.(没有这种联结，他们可能会觉得自己所做的事情并没有真正的意义)”中的this connection指代上文的connected to something bigger than themselves，从反面补充说明这种联结的重要性，符合语境。故选E项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Being a sports fan can have several benefits. Firstly, it can serve as a form of escape, allowing people to temporarily disconnected from their daily stresses. Sports fandom can also raise self-esteem (自尊), as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride.(成为体育迷有几个好处。首先，它可以作为一种逃避的方式，让人们暂时脱离日常的压力。体育迷还可以提高自尊，因为球迷们经常把自己和成功的球队联系在一起，并感到自豪)”以及下文“This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships.(这种共同的语言培养了团结感，帮助人们建立友谊)”可知，前文列举了成为体育迷的两点好处，下文提及社交层面的积极影响，C选项“In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds.(此外，成为体育社群的一员可以加强社交联系)”中的In addition承接前文的好处列举，strengthen social bonds与下文build friendships相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“However, sports fandom can also have its downsides. The heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment, when a team of athlete performs badly.(然而，体育迷身份也有其弊端。当球队或运动员表现不佳时，大量的情感投入会导致焦虑或失望的情绪)”以及下文“There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game.(有一些极端案例，有人为了某场比赛缺席孩子的婚礼)”可知，前文提及情感投入带来的负面情绪，下文举例说明极端影响，F选项“For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives.(对一些人来说，这种依恋变得如此强烈，以至于影响了他们的正常生活)”中的attachment becomes so strong承接上文的情感投入，affects their normal lives引出下文的极端案例，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海洋泾中学·期中）The creation and expansion of the Internet has literally changed the world as we know it. Being successful in online study takes a certain degree of self-discipline. Keep a calendar. Buy one, download one, create one on your laptop or phone, but get a calendar! Especially for adults, it is difficult to keep track of dates. And you cannot rely on your instructor to remind you of every assignment and exam date; his or her job is not to keep you organized. Check that calendar on a daily basis! 1 . Consider the challenges you will have in an online class format. In most lower-level educational settings, the environment is structured. But many classes allow the student to essentially participate whenever and wherever the student desires. There are also some common pitfalls (隐患). For example: Is time organization an issue? Online learning means you are responsible for your progress, so if you have a hard time with using time wisely, you will have to problem-solve. If you have a question, ask it! 2 . Also, if a professor has 50 students, it is not really possible to give an elaborate answer to each student. Or, if you need a more detailed answer, simply ask for it. Schedule study time. 3 . Tell them that you need time to study for your online course. “Online” does not mean simply the time you spend on your computer; you need time alone to do the studying or homework required just as you would for a traditional course. 4 . What this is will vary a bit from person to person, but it will have minimal distractions. Keep it clear, except for a laptop, tools, and maybe a fidget toy or two to stimulate your brain as you work. If you are a restless sort, sit on an exercise ball or give yourself a five-minute break to walk around the room. A. Your family needs to give you constant support. B. This tool is useless if you do not refer to it. C. Set up an appropriate study space. D. Create an environment to learn with your groups. E. A simple question will likely yield a simple answer. F. You may need to be assertive (果断，坚定) with your family and friends. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. F 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在线学习取得成功需自律，并给出了保持日历、安排学习时间等具体建议。 (1)题解析： 上文“Check that calendar on a daily basis! (每天都要查看日历!)”强调了查看日历的重要性，B选项“This tool is useless if you do not refer to it. (如果你不参考它，这个工具就没有用了)”中it指代上文的calendar，B选项进一步说明如果不经常查看日历，日历这个工具就失去了作用，与上文紧密相连，符合语境。故选B。 (2)题解析： 上文“If you have a question, ask it! (如果你有问题，就问出来!)”提出有疑问要提问，E选项“A simple question will likely yield a simple answer. (一个简单的问题可能会得到一个简单的答案)”承接上文，说明简单提问可能得到简单回答，符合语境。故选E。 (3)题解析： 下文“Tell them that you need time to study for your online course. (告诉他们你需要时间来学习在线课程)”中的“them”指代家人朋友，F选项“You may need to be assertive with your family and friends. (你可能需要对你的家人和朋友果断坚定)”引出下文，说明要坚定地告诉家人朋友自己需要学习时间，符合语境。故选F。 (4)题解析： 下文“What this is will vary a bit from person to person, but it will have minimal distractions. Keep it clear, except for a laptop, tools, and maybe a fidget toy or two to stimulate your brain as you work. (这个因人而异，但干扰会很少。保持整洁，除了笔记本电脑、工具，也许还有一两个可以让你在工作时刺激大脑的小玩具)”描述了一个适合学习的空间因人而异，C选项“Set up an appropriate study space. (设置一个合适的学习空间)”概括了下文内容，符合语境。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）Universities Are Embracing AI: Will Students Get Smarter or Stop Thinking? When students entered Tsinghua University in Beijing this year, one of the first representatives they met wasn’t a person. 1 The bot is designed to answer students’ questions about courses, clubs and life on campus. At the same time, students at Ohio State University in Columbus will take compulsory AI classes this year as part of an initiative to ensure that all of them are ‘AI fluent’ by the time they graduate. All this is part of a sea change sweeping through campuses as universities and students struggle to adapt to the use of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. These tools can, within seconds, analyze complex information, answer questions and generate polished essays. Such are some of the exact skills universities have conventionally taught. 2 Universities such as Tsinghua and Ohio State are already weaving AI into their teaching — and some studies hint that AI-powered tools can help students to learn. But many education specialists are deeply nervous about the explosion of AI on campuses: they fear that AI tools are blocking learning because they’ re so new that teachers and students are struggling to use them well. Faculty members also worry that students are using AI to short-cut their way through assignments and tests, and some research hints that offloading mental work in this way can encourage independent, critical thought. 3 Many of them are controlled by companies, have unknown cognitive impacts and are dogged by ethical and environmental concerns. 4 “The rate of adoption of various generative AI tools by students and faculty across the world has been accelerating too fast for institutional policies, instructions and ethics to keep up,” says Shafika Isaacs, chief of section for technology and Al in education at the United Nations cultural organization UNESCO, in Paris. A. Surveys around the world show that students are quickly incorporating AI into their lives. B. Some academics are angry that universities are allowing or even encouraging the use of AI tools. C. At Tsinghua University, academics also quickly started experimenting with ChatGPT after its release. D. However, there is one point of agreement among both enthusiasts and sceptics: the future has already arrived. E. Admission letters to the admired institution came with an invitation code to an artificial-intelligence agent. F. To some, AI presents an exciting opportunity to improve education and prepare students for a rapidly changing world. 【答案】1. E 2. F 3. B 4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了大学正在接纳人工智能，探讨了人工智能在校园应用中带来的机遇与挑战，以及各方对此的不同看法。 (1)题解析： 上文“When students entered Tsinghua University in Beijing this year, one of the first representatives they met wasn’t a person.(今年，当学生们进入北京的清华大学时，他们首先遇到的代表之一不是一个人)”说明学生进入清华首先遇到的不是人。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明遇到的是什么。E选项“Admission letters to the admired institution came with an invitation code to an artificial-intelligence agent.(这所令人向往的学府的录取通知书附带了一个人工智能代理的邀请码)”符合语境，解释了遇到的代表是人工智能代理，故选E。 (2)题解析： 上文“All this is part of a sea change sweeping through campuses as universities and students struggle to adapt to the use of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. These tools can, within seconds, analyze complex information, answer questions and generate polished essays. Such are some of the exact skills universities have conventionally taught.(所有这些都是席卷校园的巨大变化的一部分，因为大学和学生都在努力适应ChatGPT等生成式人工智能工具的使用。这些工具可以在几秒钟内分析复杂信息、回答问题并生成精美的文章。这些正是大学传统上教授的一些技能)”说明大学和学生努力适应人工智能工具，且这些工具具备大学教授的技能。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明人工智能带来的影响。F选项“To some, AI presents an exciting opportunity to improve education and prepare students for a rapidly changing world.(对一些人来说，人工智能为改善教育、让学生为快速变化的世界做好准备提供了一个令人兴奋的机会)”符合语境，故选F。 (3)题解析： 上文“But many education specialists are deeply nervous about the explosion of AI on campuses: they fear that AI tools are blocking learning because they’ re so new that teachers and students are struggling to use them well. Faculty members also worry that students are using AI to short-cut their way through assignments and tests, and some research hints that offloading mental work in this way can encourage independent, critical thought.(但许多教育专家对人工智能在校园的爆发式发展深感担忧：他们担心人工智能工具会阻碍学习，因为它们太新了，老师和学生都很难很好地使用它们。教师们还担心学生利用人工智能在作业和考试中走捷径，一些研究表明，如此转嫁脑力劳动有助于/促进独立的批判性思维)”说明教育专家对人工智能在校园的应用有担忧。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步说明一些人的态度。B选项“Some academics are angry that universities are allowing or even encouraging the use of AI tools.(一些学者对大学允许甚至鼓励使用人工智能工具感到愤怒)”符合语境，故选B。 (4)题解析： 上文“Many of them are controlled by companies, have unknown cognitive impacts and are dogged by ethical and environmental concerns.(其中许多由公司控制，对认知的影响未知，并且受到伦理和环境问题的困扰)”说明人工智能工具存在一些问题。下文“‘The rate of adoption of various generative AI tools by students and faculty across the world has been accelerating too fast for institutional policies, instructions and ethics to keep up,’ says Shafika Isaacs, chief of section for technology and Al in education at the United Nations cultural organization UNESCO, in Paris.(联合国教科文组织巴黎教育科技与人工智能部门负责人沙菲卡·艾萨克斯说：“世界各地的学生和教师采用各种生成式人工智能工具的速度太快，机构政策、指导和伦理都跟不上。”)”说明人工智能工具应用速度快，机构政策等跟不上。空处承上启下，说明尽管有不同看法，但有一个共识。D选项“However, there is one point of agreement among both enthusiasts and sceptics: the future has already arrived.(然而，热情者和怀疑者都有一个共识：未来已经到来)”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海建平中学·期中）Janja Garnbret:A Great Climber Janja Garnbret has literally won everything there is to win: an Olympic gold medal, six World Championship crowns, four European titles and 37 IFSC World Cup triumphs. Despite being accustomed to winning, Janja admits she does feel the pressure, but knows how to handle it, “I definitely feel the pressure from the climbing world, from media, from everyone around me. But I try not to think about it. I try to put it aside and just climb. I keep saying to myself that if I have fun, then everything will work out because I will have the right energy. 1 ” People may think that Janja doesn’t have any doubts because she is so good. But of course, she has doubts. There are moments where she just thinks, “Am I ready enough? Did I train hard enough? Can I give 100 percent out of myself?” 2 She doesn’t do any fitness or any running. But there are specific exercises for climbing and then she does some special training with the physio, like prevention exercises from injuries that take an hour and a half. When asked what makes her unique and special, Janja says she is just a perfectionist and she wants to be great. 3 Roman started climbing when he was 18 years old, in high school, by accident. But at that time, there was no coach who would help him. So, he made up his mind to change this and started coaching. Then, in 2019, he became the coach of Janja who was already something. In one post-match interview, Roman was asked whether talent decides a great climber or not, and he said, “Talent is definitely something. 4 You could be super, super talented, but nowadays in a World Cup there are hundreds of people like that. I would say, like, 20 or 30 percent is talent, and all the rest is training and hard work and motivation and dedication and mentality.” A. But I can say talent without training is nothing. B. Even though she has achieved a lot of things, she still trains super hard. C. In training, you don’t get the same move twice, it’s always something different. D. Besides, she also mentions that her coach, Roman Krajnik, is her secret weapon. E. Usually, in order to be at the best, Janja basically does 95 percent of training on the wall. F. This is basically how I prepare myself. Try not to think about what ifs and what will be the outcome. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. D 4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇人物传记类记叙文。文章主要讲述了攀岩名将Janja Garnbret的成就、面对压力的方式、训练情况及教练对天赋和训练的看法 。 (1)题解析： 上文“I definitely feel the pressure from the climbing world, from media, from everyone around me. But I try not to think about it. I try to put it aside and just climb. I keep saying to myself that if I have fun, then everything will work out because I will have the right energy. (我确实感受到了来自攀岩世界、媒体和周围每个人的压力。但我尽量不去想它。我试着把它放在一边，只是攀岩。我一直对自己说，如果我玩得开心，那么一切都会好起来的，因为我会有正确的能量)”Janja阐述了应对压力的方法， 这部分是她应对压力的自我准备策略。需要一句总结该策略的句子。选项F“这基本上就是我自我准备的方式。尽量不去想各种“如果”和可能的结果。”中的“This”直接指代上文应对压力的具体做法，“prepare myself”呼应前文的心态调整，作为对自身策略的总结，逻辑衔接自然。故选F。 (2)题解析： 上文“There are moments where she just thinks, “Am I ready enough? Did I train hard enough? Can I give 100 percent out of myself?” (有时候她会想：“我准备充分了吗？我训练够努力吗？我能全力以赴吗？”)”提到Janja也会有自我怀疑；下文“She doesn’t do any fitness or any running. But there are specific exercises for climbing and then she does some special training with the physio, like prevention exercises from injuries that take an hour and a half.(她既不健身，也不跑步。但攀岩有一些特定的练习，然后她会和理疗师一起做一些特殊的训练，比如需要一个半小时的伤病预防练习)”具体说明训练内容。需要一句衔接“自我怀疑”与“具体训练”，且说明训练核心方式的句子。选项E“通常情况下，为了达到最佳状态，Janja基本上95%的训练都在岩壁上进行。”先点明她的核心训练场景，既回应了上文“训练够不够努力”的自我怀疑（强调训练的专注度），又为下文“不做健身跑步、有专项训练”的具体内容做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选E。 (3)题解析： 上文“when asked what makes her unique and special, Janja says she is just a perfectionist and she wants to be great. (当被问及是什么让她与众不同时，Janja表示自己只是个完美主义者，且渴望做到卓越)”Janja提及自身成功的特质；下文“Roman started climbing when he was 18 years old, in high school, by accident. But at that time, there was no coach who would help him. So, he made up his mind to change this and started coaching. Then, in 2019, he became the coach of Janja who was already something.(罗曼在18岁高中时偶然开始攀岩。但当时，没有教练会帮助他。所以，他下定决心要改变这一点，并开始执教。然后，在2019年，他成为了已经有所作为的Janja的教练)”转而介绍教练Roman的经历及对她的指导。需要一句衔接“自身特质”与“教练”的过渡句。选项D“此外，她还提到她的教练罗曼·克拉伊尼克是她的秘密武器。”以“Besides”承接上文的自身特质，引出“教练”这一另一个成功关键因素，自然过渡到下文对教练的介绍，让成功原因的论述更完整。故选D。 (4)题解析： 上文“Talent is definitely something. (天赋当然很重要)”是教练被问及天赋的作用时的表示；下文“You could be super, super talented, but nowadays in a World Cup there are hundreds of people like that. I would say, like, 20 or 30 percent is talent, and all the rest is training and hard work and motivation and dedication and mentality. (你可能是超级天才，但现在在世界杯上有成百上千这样的人。我想说，20%或30%是天赋，其余的都是训练、努力、动力、奉献和心态)”是进一步的阐述。需要一句体现“天赋与后天努力”转折关系的句子。选项A“但我可以说，没有训练的天赋一文不值。”以“But”承接上文对天赋的肯定，引出下文对后天努力更重要的强调，契合教练“天赋占比低、努力占比高”的核心观点，逻辑衔接紧密。故选A。 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Are Food Miles Really Important? A popular narrative with food is simple: “eating local” is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. It seems quite reasonable intuitively, but how reliable is it? 1 But how much of this is directly connected to moving food around the globe from farm to fork? Perhaps less than you might think. In one of the most comprehensive studies, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania have reported that the shipment of food around the world only contributes around 4 percent of global carbon emissions. 2 Many studies revealed that most emissions were actually generated from other aspects of food production, such as agriculture, processing and cooking. In fact, it is the end consumer that used by far the most energy. Transport? The least. One UK government study found that tomatoes trucked hundreds of kilometers from sunny Spain had a carbon footprint that was less than a third of that of those grown in heated glasshouses in chilly UK. In contrast to the simple “local=more eco-friendly” narrative, the authors therefore concluded that: “A single indicator based on total food kilometers travelled would not be a valid indicator of sustainability.” 3 For example, as air freight produces more than 75 times more emissions than sea freight, shipping food to the UK all the way from South-East Asia would involve far less carbon than the same product popped on a short flight from Italy. In this context, the emissions that come from shipping food by air freight one mile, is equal to the emissions from shipping food for more than 9 miles by road, and 75 miles by sea, making the concept of distance as a direct indicator of emissions highly problematic. So is eating local really a better option? It depends. 4 Indeed, there are many other ways to measure environmental impact other than carbon emissions. But when we look at the evidence, only one thing is clear: food miles alone really aren’t a good proxy (指标) for sustainability. In fact, sometimes they are incredibly misleading. While we can’t disregard them entirely, we should view them in the context of a suite of other factors, recognizing that they often make up a tiny fraction of food’s carbon impact. A. There are many reasons why you might be choosing to do so, aside from environmental concerns. B. For instance, some people prefer local food because of its fresher taste or to support local farmers. C. When it comes to our carbon footprint, transport methods vary enormously too. D. The report is in line with much research from around the world, which suggests that transportation only generates between 4 to 6 percent of the food system’s carbon footprint. E. Well, it is indeed true that the food sector uses a lot of energy, contributing 20 to 30 percent of all greenhouse gases. F. Even within the same transport method, emissions can differ based on factors like vehicle load and fuel type. 【答案】1. E 2. D 3. C 4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“食物里程”（即食物从产地到消费者手中的运输距离）对环境影响的真实程度，指出仅凭食物里程来衡量可持续性是不准确的。 (1)题解析： 由上文“A popular narrative with food is simple: “eating local” is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. It seems quite reasonable intuitively, but how reliable is it? (关于食物的一个普遍说法很简单：“吃本地食物”是减少碳足迹的最佳方式之一。直觉上这似乎很合理，但它的可靠性如何呢？)”可知，上文提出了“吃本地食物能减少碳足迹”这一观点，并对其可靠性提出疑问，下文“But how much of this is directly connected to moving food around the globe from farm to fork? Perhaps less than you might think. (但是有多少是直接与把食物从农场运到餐桌有关的呢？可能比你想象的要少。)”可知，下文用转折句进一步提出疑问，由此可知，本空应说明食物与碳排放之间的关系，E选项“Well, it is indeed true that the food sector uses a lot of energy, contributing 20 to 30 percent of all greenhouse gases. (的确，食品行业消耗大量能源，占所有温室气体排放量的20%到30%。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 (2)题解析： 由上文“In one of the most comprehensive studies, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania have reported that the shipment of food around the world only contributes around 4 percent of global carbon emissions. (在一项最全面的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员报告称，全球食品运输仅占全球碳排放量的4%左右。)”及下文“Many studies revealed that most emissions were actually generated from other aspects of food production, such as agriculture, processing and cooking. (许多研究表明，大部分排放实际上来自食品生产的其他方面，如农业、加工和烹饪。)”可知，本空应进一步说明食品运输在全球碳排放中的占比，与后文提到的其他排放源形成对比。D选项“The report is in line with much research from around the world, which suggests that transportation only generates between 4 to 6 percent of the food system’s carbon footprint. (该报告与世界各地的许多研究一致，这些研究表明，运输仅占食品系统碳足迹的4%至6%。)”该选项进一步支持了食品运输在碳排放中占比较小的观点，符合题意。故选D。 (3)题解析： 由下文“For example, as air freight produces more than 75 times more emissions than sea freight, shipping food to the UK all the way from South-East Asia would involve far less carbon than the same product popped on a short flight from Italy. (例如，由于空运产生的排放量是海运的75倍以上，从东南亚一路运到英国的食物所产生的碳排放量，将远远低于从意大利短途航班上运来的同一产品。)”可知，下文通过举例说明了不同运输方式产生的碳排放量差异很大，本空应引出这一主题，C选项“When it comes to our carbon footprint, transport methods vary enormously too. (说到我们的碳足迹，运输方式也有很大差异。)”能引出下文，符合题意。故选C。 (4)题解析： 由上文“So is eating local really a better option? It depends. (那么吃本地食物真的是更好的选择吗？这要看情况。)”及下文“Indeed, there are many other ways to measure environmental impact other than carbon emissions. But when we look at the evidence, only one thing is clear: food miles alone really aren’t a good proxy for sustainability. In fact, sometimes they are incredibly misleading. While we can’t disregard them entirely, we should view them in the context of a suite of other factors, recognizing that they often make up a tiny fraction of food’s carbon impact. (事实上，除了碳排放之外，还有很多其他衡量环境影响的方法。但当我们审视证据时，只有一件事是清楚的：仅凭食物里程并不是衡量可持续性的好指标。事实上，有时它们会带来极大的误导。虽然我们不能完全忽视它们，但我们应该在一系列其他因素的背景下看待它们，认识到它们通常只占食物碳影响的一小部分。)”可知，本空应说明是否选择本地食物的其他原因，与后文提到的衡量环境影响的其他方法相呼应。A选项“There are many reasons why you might be choosing to do so, aside from environmental concerns. (除了环境问题，你可能选择这样做，还有很多其他原因。)”指出是否选择本地食物可能出于多种原因，能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海七宝中学·期中）At a Loss for Words Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say? If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”. If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. 1 That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”. English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. 2 However, in other languages it is perfectly usual. 3 English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English. It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. 4 For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try. A. Special occasions are another way in which languages differ. B. It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary. C. What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune. D. Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it. E. You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely. F. But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it. 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. A 4. F 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章对比了语言之间的区别，例如在给人加油鼓劲时和过生日时，各个语言说的话反应出了不同的文化背景。 (1)题解析： 下文“That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.(这就是为什么法国人在这种情况下说“要有勇气”，而不是“祝你好运”)”提到法国人常说“bon courage”，指的是要有勇气，表示鼓励、加油等含义，关键词为courage“勇气”，空处位于段中，为承上启下，也需要提到courage。C项“你真正想祝福他们的是勇气而不是好运。”中courage为原词复现。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 上文“English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”.(英语不允许你在固定表达中把任何旧形容词和任何旧名词搭配在一起。你可能会对某人说“早上好”、“下午好”或“晚安”，但不是“周末好”)”提到英文中的表达习惯；下文“However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.(然而，在其他语言中这是非常常见的。)”对上文内容进行转折，表示在其他语言中说“周末好”等是很常见的现象。由此推知，空处应该表达上文提到的事情是不常见的。E项“如果你愿意，你可以说那句话，但是你的邻居会奇怪地看着你。”符合逻辑，因为所提事情不常见，所以如果你违反英文表达习惯说英语，你的邻居会用奇怪的眼神看着你。故选E项。 (3)题解析： 空处为本段主旨句，起总述作用。下文“English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.(说英语的人互相祝对方生日快乐，但说其他许多语言的人说“祝贺”，好像寿星女仅仅是又活了一年就做了什么了不起的事似的。)”提到一个特定场合——生日，所以本段主要内容为不同语言在特定的场合下的不同之处。A项“特殊场合下的语言又会有其他的不同之处。”符合段意。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 下文“For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.(例如，英国人确实会说典型的法语单词bon voyage和bon appétit，而且没有理由在那里停下来。)”提到英国人有时会借鉴法语单词，由此可以推出，有时候我们可以借用外国的词汇。F项“但是没有表达某事的词并不意味着你不能创造一个词或者借用一个词。”符合前后逻辑。故选F项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海同济大学第一附属中学·期中）Are you thinking about taking a class in human development? If you are majoring in psychology, education or a medical field, some background knowledge of how people grow and change throughout life is necessary. In addition to gaining a better understanding of others, studying human development can also provide greater personal insight (洞察力). ● 1 We were all kids once, so learning more about how children develop and grow can provide additional insight into the person you have become and your future. Studying human development can also teach you a great deal about your children. You can gain greater insight into how your children behave, think, learn and feel. ●And you’ll gain a greater appreciation of development throughout life. When we think of human development, it’s easy to think of it as a process that is largely complete once we hit early adulthood. 2 As you enter adulthood, go through middle age and face the beginning of old age, having a greater understanding of how people continue to grow and change as they get older can help you appreciate and manage all the stages of your life. ●It all allows you to understand what’s normal, and what’s not. Another important reason to study development is that you can gain a greater understanding of what is normal. While every person is a little bit different, human development tends to follow a predictable (可预测的) pattern. 3 Perhaps most importantly, studying human development makes it easier to discover possible signs of trouble. From problems with physical or cognitive (认知的) development in early childhood to emotional struggles later in life, being able to recognize potential problems is important. 4 No matter what the situation, early detection (察觉) and treatment can lead to better outcomes. A. You’ll better understand how to interact with kids. B. Studying development helps you better understand yourself and your children. C. The earlier developmental problems are detected, the sooner intervention (干预) can begin. D. Once you have studied development, you’ll know what’s typical at certain ages and stages. E. However, you must realize that development is an ongoing process that continues all throughout life. F. By understanding the aging process, you’ll be better prepared when you face issues associated with growing older. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. D 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习人类发展学的好处。 (1)题解析： 空处为段落小标题，根据下文“We were all kids once, so learning more about how children develop and grow can provide additional insight into the person you have become and your future. Studying human development can also teach you a great deal about your children. You can gain greater insight into how your children behave, think, learn and feel.(我们曾经都是孩子，所以更多地了解孩子的发展和成长可以让你对自己已经成为什么样的人以及你的未来获得更深入的见解。研究人类发展也可以让你对你的孩子有更多的了解。你可以更深入地了解你的孩子的行为、思考、学习和感受)”可知，本段主要讲述的是学习发展有助于你更好地了解自己和你的孩子。选项B“Studying development helps you better understand yourself and your children.(学习发展有助于你更好地了解自己和你的孩子)”符合语境。故选B。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“When we think of human development, it’s easy to think of it as a process that is largely complete once we hit early adulthood.(当我们想到人类发展时，很容易把它看作是一个一旦我们进入成年早期就基本完成的过程)”和下文“As you enter adulthood, go through middle age and face the beginning of old age, having a greater understanding of how people continue to grow and change as they get older can help you appreciate and manage all the stages of your life.(当你进入成年期，经历中年期，面对老年期的开始，更好地了解人们随着年龄的增长如何继续成长和变化，可以帮助你欣赏和管理你生命的所有阶段)”可知，本空应与前文形成转折关系，说明发展是一个持续的过程。选项E“However, you must realize that development is an ongoing process that continues all throughout life.(然而，你必须认识到发展是一个持续的过程，贯穿一生)”符合语境。故选E。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“While every person is a little bit different, human development tends to follow a predictable (可预测的) pattern.(虽然每个人都不一样，但人类发展往往遵循一个可预测的模式)”可知，空处应与上文话题一致，继续讲述学习发展可以了解什么。选项D“Once you have studied development, you’ll know what’s typical at certain ages and stages.(一旦你学习了发展，你就会知道在特定的年龄和阶段什么是典型的)”符合语境。故选D。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Perhaps most importantly, studying human development makes it easier to discover possible signs of trouble.(也许最重要的是，学习人类发展可以更容易地发现可能出现的问题的迹象)”和下文“No matter what the situation, early detection (察觉) and treatment can lead to better outcomes.(无论情况如何，早期发现和治疗都能带来更好的结果)”可知，空处应讲述早期发现问题的意义。选项C“The earlier developmental problems are detected, the sooner intervention (干预) can begin.(越早发现发展问题，就能越早开始干预)”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海川沙中学·期中）The World Needs Zoos ZOOS play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity (圈养). Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. 1 Take the ring-tailed lemur (环尾狐猴) of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous (普遍存在的)in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. 2 One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. 3 Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take a great local loss seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. 4 If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild. A. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. B. So we can see many endangered animals living in zoos. C. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. D. But unfortunately that is not always the case. E. But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize. F. This is a trend that is only likely to continue. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. F 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，论述了对于濒危的动物是否需要动物园进行圈养，从而对其保护。 (1)题解析： 由空格下一段所举的事例“Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. (以马达加斯加的环尾狐猴为例。这种动物在动物园里几乎无处不在，因为它们在圈养条件下繁殖良好，公众喜欢它们。然而，尽管它们在世界各地的收藏数量很多，但它们是地球上最受威胁的哺乳动物群体。)”可知，即便是动物园里数量最多，最受欢迎的动物，在自然界中依然也受到威胁。由此推断出，前一句的观点应该是即便是常见的动物也会处于危险之中。A项“In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it.(事实上，常见的物种也可能在人们意识到之前就陷入严重的生存危机。)”可以引出下文。故此题选A。 (2)题解析： 根据空格前一句“A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000.(最近的一项调查显示，自2000年以来，多达95%的野生种群已经消失)”可知，95%的野生种群已经消失。又结合空格后一句“One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left.(糟糕的一年或一个新的疾病可能会消灭那些剩下的)”可知，剩下的野生种群的情况十分危急。由此可知，空格处应该讲述剩下的野生种群的情况也很糟糕。那么C项“This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.(这意味着剩下的有严重的危险)”承上启下。故此题选C。 (3)题解析： 根据空格前一句“While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction.(虽然没有狐猴数量下降那么明显，但这显然是一个重大损失，而且整个种群（一些科学家认为是独特的亚种）都濒临灭绝)”可知，通过长颈鹿的例子论证野生动物处于危险之中。又根据空格后一句“Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. (气候变化带来的持续和未来问题可能会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响)”可知，气候变化和未来问题也会让野生动物处于危险之中。由此可知，空处应该讲述，野生动物这种糟糕的情况不会得到改善，甚至会加剧。故F项“This is a trend that is only likely to continue.(这种趋势只可能持续下去)”承上启下。故此题选F。 (4)题解析： 根据空格前一句“There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. (对于圈养动物的论点，总会有人反对，我也不会为那些糟糕的、急需改善或关闭的动物园辩护)”可知，有人对于圈养持反对态度。但空格后一句“If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild. (如果就连常见物种都可能在短短几年内损失大量个体，那么即便采用最完善的繁育计划或野外保护措施，或许为时已晚，难以挽救它们。)”可知，作者对于圈养是持支持态度的。由此可知，空处存在转折关系。故E项“But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize.(但倘若我们希望在地球上保留一定程度的生物多样性，或许就得比许多人意识到的更加依赖动物园。)”起到了转折关系，承上启下。故此题选E。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·上海闵行中学·期中）Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community, every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 1 Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative. Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep going. Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with? Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. 2 Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. 3 By letting them “borrow” your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for! 4 . Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action. A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society. B. Then find a need or an issue you really care about. C. But they belong to the community, too. D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward. E. Don’t hesitate to take part in the community’s activity. F. Round up some readers. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. F 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了个人在社区中可通过参与清洁社区、关爱隔离人群、组织读书俱乐部等方式发挥作用，为社区带来积极改变。 (1)题解析： 上文“Take stock of your own talents and interests. (审视你自己的才能和兴趣)”指明了参与社区服务的初步方向，选项B“然后找到一个你真正关心的需求或问题”在此基础上提出了更具针对性的行动步骤，承接了上文的自我评估，并引出下文“Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative. (不要等别人先行动，要采取主动)”主动出击的号召，起到承上启下的过渡作用。故选B。 (2)题解析： 本段主题是“Clean up the community (清洁社区)”。上文“You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. (你可以一年两次在较大的区域捡垃圾，或者每隔几个月清理一次较小的区域)”介绍了清洁社区的做法。选项D“住在干净的社区本身就是一种回报”是对清洁社区意义的总结，契合段落主题。故选D。 (3)题解析： 本段主题是“Include the isolated. (关爱被孤立者)”。上文“These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. (这些人通常年事已高，无法离家处理简单事务)”描述了特定群体的困境，选项C“但他们也属于这个社区”运用but转折，强调这类人群的社区属性，也呼应下文“make them feel included (让他们感觉自己也是社区的一份子)”，符合语境。故选C。 (4)题解析： 下文“Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. (读书俱乐部在欧洲和北美都很受欢迎)”开启了对读书俱乐部的介绍，选项F“召集一些读者”以动词原形开头，是一个直接而具体的行动倡议，与前面两段首句的结构形成呼应，且引出下文关于读书俱乐部的详细阐述，适合作为本段主题。故选F。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·上海领科双语学校·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. We often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. 1 How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationships with ourselves? The problem might be worse than we expect. Maybe we don’t like ourselves without realizing it. Here is a simple checklist: Is there anything you don’t like about yourself from these lists? Your past: Maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. 2 Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious(潜意识的) mind still has a reason not to like yourself. Your background: You might wish that you were born in a different family, or that you have a different background. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others. They seem to get whatever they want effortlessly because of their background. Your personal features: You might have some personality features that you don’t like. For example, you may be an introvert(内向的) and you don’t like it; you wish you were an extrovert. Others might have better achievements than you, and no matter how hard you tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. 3 Is there anything that resonate (共鸣) with you? All these give reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself. 4 Here are some tips: Forgive yourself; Accept things you can’t change; Focus on your strengths; Write your success stories; Stop comparing yourself with others; Always be true to yourself. A. That is the first step if we are to have good relationships with others. B. You might think that it’s because you are not smart enough or don’t have enough talents. C. You can do something to improve the relationships with others. D. Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situation. E. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you make such mistakes. F. Sometimes you might not believe yourself. 【答案】1. A 2. E 3. B 4. D 【解析】 本文是说明文。做自己的朋友是与他人建立关系的前提。文章分析了导致不喜欢自己的原因，提出了解决此问题的几条建议。 (1)题解析： 上句提到我们常常专注于与他人建立关系，却忘记了最重要的第一步:做自己的朋友。下句提到如果我们连和自己都没有良好的关系，我们怎么能和别人有良好的关系呢?上下句都告诉我们做自己的朋友的重要性，这是与他人建立关系的前提。A项：这是我们与他人建立良好关系的第一步，承上启下，故选A。 (2)题解析： 上句提到也许你过去犯过让你感到内疚的错误。下句：即使发生在遥远的过去,你的潜意识思想仍有理由不喜欢自己。说明了过去所犯错误对现在的影响，E项：你可能会对自己犯这样的错误感到失望。解释了对现在造成影响的原因，故选E。 (3)题解析： 本段从个人特征方面分析不喜欢自己的原因，上句提到别人可能比你有更好的成就，无论你多么努力，你似乎不可能赶上他们。B项：你可能会认为这是因为你不够聪明或者没有足够的天赋，与上句连接，是从个人身上找不如别人的原因。故选B。 (4)题解析： 上文分析了导致和自己没有良好关系的原因，下文给出了解决此问题的六条建议。D项：幸运的是，你总是可以做一些事情来解决这个问题。承上启下，引出了下文的六条建议，故选D。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·上海大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. We say yes for many reasons. But if we're in the habit of saying yes too often, ,we may find ourselves unhappy, or angry. 1 When we say yes out of duty, we're not taking care of ourselves and end up disappointing and hurting ourselves. Follow these simple tips to help you say no with love. 2 I had the bad habit of saying yes to things right away and then feeling terrible later. When Jane asks if you can watch her dog this weekend, tell her you're honored that she thought of you and that you'd be happy to let her know at the end of the day or the next morning. Three breaths and two questions. If we are in the habit of saying yes, every question can cause stress. Take three deep breathe before you answer, which will ground you. Then ask yourself these questions: "Am I able to? Do I want to?" Just because we're able to do something doesn't mean we should or that we need to. Turn them down and offer alternatives. 3 Your mind may tell you that you're selfish（自私的）or you're a bad person for saying no. This is not true. You are saying no because you value yourself, your time, and your energy. Saying no can look something like this: "I appreciate you thinking of me to watch your dog but unfortunately I'm not able to this weekend." Or "Unfortunately I'm not able to this weekend, but my friend Sally loves dogs and said she'd be around this weekend. Let me know if you'd like her number." Simply say no, with a smile. "Thanks for thinking of me, but I'm not able to do that." Then smile. 4 When you're able to say no easily and without guilt, you might even find that you are more willing to volunteer or participate because when you do, it will be out of joy. A. Say thanks and think it over. B. Saying no can be the hardest step. C. Learning to say no protects our energy and time. D. Offer something that you would be comfortable with. E. We don't want to disappoint them or hurt their feelings. F. By being able to say no in a loving way, it shows self-respect. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. F 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是关于有爱地说“不”的建议。 (1)题解析： 空格前说“But if we're in the habit of saying yes too often, ,we may find ourselves unhappy, or angry. （但如果我们习惯太频繁地说“是”，我们可能会发现自己不快乐或生气。）”，本段结尾说“Follow these simple tips to help you say no with love.（遵循以下简单的建议，你就能带着爱说不。）”，因此本段是鼓励人说“不”，C选项Learning to say no protects our energy and time.（学会说不可以保护我们的精力和时间。）说明了说“不”的好处，因此是鼓励人说“不”，因此C选项符合语境，故选C。 (2)题解析： 空格后说“When Jane asks if you can watch her dog this weekend, tell her you're honored that she thought of you and that you'd be happy to let her know at the end of the day or the next morning.（当简问你这周末能不能帮她照看她的狗狗时，告诉她你很荣幸她能想到你，并且你很乐意在今天结束或第二天早上告诉她。 ）”，这是委婉地拒绝他人，A选项Say thanks and think it over.（说谢谢，然后好好考虑一下。）是委婉的拒绝，符合语境，故选A。 (3)题解析： 空格后说“Your mind may tell you that you're selfish（自私的）or you're a bad person for saying no.（你的大脑可能会告诉你，你是自私的，或者你是一个坏人，因为你说了不。）”，说明要说“不”是很难的事情，B选项Saying no can be the hardest step.（说“不”可能是最难的一步。）说明要说“不”很难，因此B选项符合语境，故选B。 (4)题解析： 本段主题句是“Simply say no, with a smile.（简单地说不，带着微笑。）”，因此本段是关于用有爱的方式说“不”，F选项By being able to say no in a loving way, it shows self-respect.（通过用爱的方式说“不”，这是一种自尊。）说明了用有爱的方式说 “不”的好处，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。 Passage 8 （25-26高一上·上海陆行中学·期中）Talk — A powerful tool in family education It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 1 . A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything at the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud is very effective. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement. 2 But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. But not just any talk. 3 For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this mutual back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 4 . A. Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do. B. They have a wide range of activities after school. C. Talking with children is a very simple task. D. A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools. E. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. F. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. F 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沟通是家庭教育中的有力工具，多项研究表明父母参与对孩子学业表现影响重大，而简单的双向交流比昂贵的教育资源更有效。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. (研究发现，美国学生在学校的时间不到15%。)”以及下文“A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything at the school the students attend. (例如，北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员本月早些时候发表的一项研究发现，父母的参与——检查作业、参加学校会议和活动、在家讨论学校活动——对学生学业表现的影响比学生所在学校的任何事情都要大。)”可知，前文指出学生在校时间短，下文通过研究说明父母参与的影响大于学校，空格处需引出“父母比学校更重要”的核心观点。D选项“A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools. (最近的多项研究提醒我们，父母甚至比学校更重要。)”中的“more important than schools”与下文研究结论相呼应，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. (但研究也显示，无论背景如何，父母不需要为孩子购买昂贵的教育玩具或数码设备来让他们获得优势。)”可知，下文用“but”转折，强调父母无需花费过多，空格处需先说明父母参与的作用。A选项“Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do. (父母的参与弥补了学校无法做到的事情。)”承接上文父母参与的重要性，与下文“无需昂贵投入”形成转折，符合语境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“But not just any talk. (但不是随便什么谈话都可以。)”以及下文“For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. (例如，加州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院的研究人员进行的一项研究发现，成人与儿童的双向对话在促进语言发展方面的效果是成人单向说话的六倍。)”可知，前文强调谈话需有特定类型，下文举例说明双向对话的效果，空格处需引出“何种谈话对孩子有益”的话题。F选项“Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. (最近的研究确切地指出了家庭中什么样的谈话能鼓励孩子在学校取得成功。)”中的“what kinds of talk”呼应上文“not just any talk”，引出下文具体研究案例，符合语境。故选F项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. (研究发现，父母在所谓的“学业社会化”中扮演着重要角色——设定期望，并将当前行为与未来目标联系起来。)”可知，前文介绍父母与孩子关于“学业社会化”的谈话，空格处需说明这类谈话的影响。E选项“Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. (参与这类谈话对学业成就有更大的影响。)”中的“these sorts of conversations”指代上文“academic socialization”相关的谈话，“greater impact on educational accomplishment”点明其积极作用，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 9 （25-26高一上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期中）Protect Internet Privacy As the number of passwords Internet users create increases, people find themselves struggling to follow the advice of security experts. Consider the common password-related advice: Create unique passwords for each site, make each password at least eight characters long, and don’t forget to change those passwords every few months. 1 Thankfully, there is some good advice for creating, memorising and managing passwords that can help users protect their passwords and their data from hackers. When it comes to passwords, the longer, the better, as longer ones are harder for hackers and their computers to crack. 2 Including a variety of keyboard characters, numbers and upper- and lower-case letters makes passwords much harder to crack. Typing an eight-character password composed only of lower-case letters and numbers into passwordstrengthcalculator.org shows the password could be cracked by a supercomputer in less than a second. But that same computer would need a thousand years to crack a 14-character password composed of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers and special keyboard characters. Unfortunately, the features that make passwords strong also make them hard to memorise. 3 One can make passwords more memorable by using passphrases instead. Passphrases feature strings of words that hold meaning for the user but appear as nonsense to everyone else. For example, “sportscar flower mountain” will have people scratching their heads while reminding the user of her Hawaiian vacation. To make that passphrase more secure, she could insert random characters between the words. A stronger passphrase would be SportsCarFloWer89mouNTain@2, a 29-character password that would theoretically keep a supercomputer occupied for billions of years! In addition, several dedicated password management programmes are available to remember users’ passwords for them. Many, such as LastPass, are free to download and offer password management services such as creating passwords, storing passwords and pointing out weak passwords. Some, such as Dash lane, can even log in for users and alert them whenever a site they frequently visit has been hacked. 4 A. Complexity (复杂性) helps, too. B. However, the complicated passwords may help improve users’ memory. C. But there is hope for users whose brainpower has already run out. D. And it is also important to change passwords often. E. In spite of all this, users must still remember a master password that gives them access to their sensitive data. F. Even for users with only a handful of passwords, following that advice is challenging indeed! 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. C 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何创建、记忆和管理密码以保护互联网隐私。文章提供了关于密码长度、复杂性的建议，并探讨了使用密码短语和管理工具来增强安全性的方法。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Consider the common password - related advice: Create unique passwords for each site, make each password at least eight characters long, and don’t forget to change those passwords every few months(考虑一下常见的与密码相关的建议：为每个网站创建独特的密码，每个密码至少八个字符长，并且不要忘记每隔几个月更改一次这些密码)”可知，上文说的是为每个网站创建独特的密码，每个密码至少八个字符长，并且不要忘记每隔几个月更改一次这些密码，可推理出此处说的是这些常见的密码建议对于用户来说是有一定难度的。与F项“Even for users with only a handful of passwords, following that advice is challenging indeed!(即使对于只有少量密码的用户来说，遵循这些建议也确实很有挑战性！)”表达的含义一致。故选F项。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“Including a variety of keyboard characters, numbers and upper-and lower-case letters makes passwords much harder to crack.(包含各种键盘字符、数字以及大小写字母会使密码更难破解)”可知，上文说的是复杂的密码会使密码更难破解，可推理出这是在强调密码的复杂性有助于提高安全性。与A项“Complexity (复杂性) helps, too(复杂性也有帮助)”表达的含义一致。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Unfortunately, the features that make passwords strong also make them hard to memorise.(不幸的是，使密码强大的特性也使它们难以记忆)”以及下文“One can make passwords more memorable by using passphrases instead(人们可以使用密码短语来使密码更易记忆)”可知，这里是在说虽然密码难记，但还是有办法的，给用户带来了希望。与C项“But there is hope for users whose brainpower has already run out.(但是对于那些已经用尽脑力的用户来说还是有希望的)”表达的含义一致。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“In addition, several dedicated password management programmes are available to remember users' passwords for them. Many, such as LastPass, are free to download and offer password management services such as creating passwords, storing passwords and pointing out weak passwords. Some, such as Dash lane, can even log in for users and alert them whenever a site they frequently visit has been hacked.(此外，有几个专门的密码管理程序可以为用户记住密码。许多程序，如LastPass，可以免费下载，并提供密码管理服务，如创建密码、存储密码和指出弱密码。一些程序，如Dash lane，甚至可以为用户登录，并在他们经常访问的网站被黑客攻击时提醒他们)”可知，这里提到了密码管理程序，可推理出下文说的是使用这些密码管理程序的前提，E项“In spite of all this, users must still remember a master password that gives them access to their sensitive data(尽管如此，用户仍然必须记住一个主密码，以便他们访问自己的敏感数据)”语气转折，说明了密码管理系统的一个关键前提：所有高级功能的使用都依赖于这个唯一的主密码。如果用户忘记它，就可能无法访问自己保存的所有密码和重要信息，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·上海华东政法大学附属松江高级中学·期中）Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension and stress from time to time. Here are some ways to help us manage them. 1 We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you are watching or doing, it could even make you more nervous. The same is true for alcohol, drugs or tobacco. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it’s a false state of relaxation that’s only temporary. What the body really needs is a relaxation technique — like deep breathing, tai chi or yoga — that has a physical effect on the mind. Get enough sleep, nutrition and exercise Get the right amount of sleep for your needs not too much or too little. Eat well-chosen fruit, vegetables, low fat proteins and whole grains for long term energy instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine. 2 In that way, your brain and body can operate at their best. Connect with others. 3 Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, which allows us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone. 4 Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful. Choose somewhere you feel safe so that you can relax and enjoy your surroundings. Walking or hiking can offer additional benefit or exercise. Invite a friend or two — or a family member along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well. Think positively. A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful and positive. Allow yourself to dream and wish for the best. A. Spend time with your friends or family. B. Express yourself to others. C. Connect with nature. D. Keep away from stress and anxiety. E. Exercise to send oxygen to every cell to the body. F. Choose a correct way to relax. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. A 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了缓解焦虑等负面情绪的方法，包括选择正确的放松方式、保证充足睡眠和均衡营养、与他人建立联系以及培养积极心态。通过这些方法，人们可以更好地管理情绪，保持身心健康。 (1)题解析： 下文“We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you are watching or doing, it could even make you more nervous. (我们都认为自己知道如何放松。但在电视或电脑前冷静下来并不是真正的放松。根据你正在看或做的事情，它甚至可能让你更紧张。)”说明了很多人以为的放松方式其实是错误的，真正需要的是对身体有实际作用的放松技巧。F选项“Choose a correct way to relax.(选择正确的放松方式。)”概括了下文的主要内容，强调了选择正确放松方式的重要性，符合题意。故选F。 (2)题解析： 上文“Get the right amount of sleep for your need not too much or too little. Eat well-chosen fruit, vegetables, low fat proteins and whole grains for long term energy instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine.(获得适合你需求的适量睡眠，不要太多也不要太少。选择优质的水果、蔬菜、低脂蛋白质和全谷物来提供长期能量，而不是过多糖分或咖啡因带来的短暂能量爆发。)”说明了要获得适量睡眠和健康饮食，以提供长期能量；下文“In that way, your brain and body can operate at their best.(这样，你的大脑和身体就能发挥最佳状态。)”说明了这样做的好处。E选项“Exercise to send oxygen to every cell to the body.(通过锻炼将氧气输送到身体的每个细胞。)”说明了锻炼也是保持大脑和身体最佳状态的重要方式，与上下文内容相呼应，符合题意。故选E。 (3)题解析： 上文“Connect with others.(与他人建立联系。)”说明了要与他人建立联系；下文“Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, which allows us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone.(和那些我们觉得亲近的人一起做事会加深我们的联系，这会让我们感到更快乐，对事情不那么沮丧。)”说明了和亲近的人一起做事、交流的好处。A选项“Spend time with your friends or family.(花时间和你的朋友或家人在一起。)”是对上文“Connect with others.”的具体解释，说明了与朋友或家人在一起是与他人建立联系的一种方式，符合题意。故选A。 (4)题解析： 下文“Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful.(去公园散步或在树林里徒步旅行可以帮助任何人感到平静。)”说明了与大自然接触可以让人感到平静，并享受与人建立联系的感觉。C选项“Connect with nature.(与大自然建立联系。)”概括了下文的主要内容，强调了与大自然建立联系的重要性，符合题意。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·上海浦东新区·期中）Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 1 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 1.Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. 2 Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2.Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.Do not wait to be spoken to.You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 3. 3 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 4 5. Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.Try not to find fault with your friends.Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Do things together. B. You can go to public places to meet new people. C. Making new friends comes easy for some people. D. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. E. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. F. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了友谊的重要性、建立友谊的步骤以及维护友谊的方法。 (1)题解析： 由上文“Such changes often leave us without a friend.(这样的变化常常让我们失去朋友。)”及下文“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.(但对我们许多人来说，这一过程是困难的，需要勇气。)”可知，本空要说交朋友很容易与下文构成转折，C选项“Making new friends comes easy for some people.(结交新朋友对一些人来说很容易。)”承上启下，符合题意。且该选项中的“easy”与下文的“difficult”相呼应。故选C。 (2)题解析： 由上文“The first step to making friends is associating with other people.(交朋友的第一步是与他人交往。)”及下文“Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.(此外，你需要通过成为这些地方的积极成员来让自己被人知道。)”可知，本空要说去一些地方结交朋友。B选项“You can go to public places to meet new people.(你可以去公共场所结识新朋友。)”承上启下，符合题意。且该选项中的“public places”与下文的“such places”相呼应。故选B。 (3)题解析： 由下文“Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together.(选择有共同兴趣的朋友对于建立友谊很重要，因为这些兴趣总是把你和你的朋友联系在一起。)”可知，此段强调与兴趣相同的人交友，A选项“Do things together.(一起做事情。)”能概括本段内容，符合题意。故选A。 (4)题解析： 由上文“It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.(保持联系是件好事。然而，尽量不要给你的新朋友打电话、发信息或拜访，因为这可能会让他或她精疲力竭，最终你可能会失去你的朋友。所以你需要给你的朋友时间来回应你。)”可知，本段强调不应该过于逼迫新朋友，应该给他们时间适应，顺其自然地发展友谊，E选项“The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.(最好的友谊是自然成长的。)”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the world have flocked to the same idea. No matter what the future brings, they say confidently, we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope. The view sounds reassuringly sensible. If computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them to humans’ advantage. Otherwise, they may run the risk of being replaced by computers. 1 Research published by the Social Mobility Commission shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school, and vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers, you can bet the bean counters will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger. 2 In the UK, the government introduced an “apprenticeship levy” a few years ago in an attempt to force employers to spend more on training. A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on “apprenticeships” at business schools. It is no good criticizing employers for directing investments at their highly skilled workers. They are simply aiming for the highest return they can get. And, for some types of lower-paid work, it is not always true that technological progress requires more skills. The UK’s latest Employment and Skills Survey, which is performed every five years, suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012, even as the use of computers has increased. The trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it unnecessary the next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries. 3 It is time to revisit older ideas. The UK once had an energetic culture of night schools, for adults to attend after their day jobs. These institutions have been disappearing due to funding cuts. But a revival of night schools could be exactly what the 21st century needs. 4 They can also explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before. It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or a flood. But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake. A. Employers also invest more in better educated workers by launching employer-sponsored employee education programs. B. According to an Oxford University study, nowadays employers are more likely to hire the first-year apprentices. C. Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people can choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade. D. But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least. E. People can effectively train or upskill themselves to meet their specific professional needs. F. But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. F 4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章针对通常看法“需提升劳动人口技能以应对自动化浪潮”指出，现实中技能提升的机会往往向高学历者倾斜，应为真正面临危机的低学历者提供再培训机会。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“The view sounds reassuringly sensible. If computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them to humans’ advantage. Otherwise, they may run the risk of being replaced by computers. (这种观点听起来合情合理，令人安心。如果计算机变得越来越智能，人类需要学会利用它们为自己谋利。否则，他们可能面临被计算机取代的风险。)”可知，前文肯定了“技能提升”的合理性，而下文“Research published by the Social Mobility Commission shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. (社会流动委员会发布的研究表明，拥有学位的劳动者成年后参与培训的可能性是无学历劳动者的三倍多。)”揭示了“技能提升”的现实漏洞——资源向高学历群体倾斜。D选项“But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least. (但事实是，在当今经济中，正在接受‘技能提升’的人恰恰是最不需要的人。)”以转折关系衔接上文，既否定了“技能提升”的普适性，又引出下文“高学历者更易获得培训”的研究证据，符合语境。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“In the UK, the government introduced an “apprenticeship levy” a few years ago in an attempt to force employers to spend more on training. A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on “apprenticeships” at business schools. (在英国，政府几年前推出了“学徒税”，试图迫使雇主在培训上投入更多资金。令人惊讶的是，许多雇主的回应是让高管去商学院参加“学徒培训”。)”可知，本段核心是“雇主的培训投资流向高技能员工”。A选项“Employers also invest more in better educated workers by launching employer-sponsored employee education programs. (雇主还通过发起由雇主资助的员工教育项目，向受教育程度更高的劳动者投入更多资金。)”中的“invest more in better educated workers”与下文“sending their senior managers on “apprenticeships””形成呼应，“employer-sponsored employee education programs”对应“apprenticeship levy”政策下的雇主行为，精准概括本段主题，符合语境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries. (许多受自动化影响的人将需要转换职业，甚至行业。)”可知，前文指出低技能劳动者可能需要跨职业/行业转型，此空应承接该逻辑，说明转型面临的现实障碍。F选项“But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector. (但零售商或仓储公司不会为了帮助员工转向其他行业而对他们进行再培训。)”以“but”转折，呼应上文“雇主追求最高回报”的观点，解释了低技能劳动者转型难的原因——雇主不愿为其跨行业培训投入，符合语境。故选F项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“But a revival of night schools could be exactly what the 21st century needs. (但夜校的复兴可能正是21世纪所需要的。)”可知，前文提出“复兴夜校”的解决方案，空后“They can also explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before. (他们还可以探索以前从未有机会培养的兴趣爱好。)”中的“also”表明此空应介绍夜校的另一项功能。C选项“Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people can choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade. (人们不必局限于狭隘的“技能提升”，而是可以选择学习一项全新的技能或手艺。)”中的“learn an entirely new skill or trade”与下文“explore interests”形成并列，既呼应了前文“跨职业/行业转型”的需求，又具体阐释了夜校的核心价值——突破传统技能提升的局限，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·上海华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期中）How to Tell If a Photo Is an AI-Generated Fake You may have seen photographs that suggest otherwise, but former president Donald Trump wasn’t arrested last month, and the dog didn’t walk in a wheelchair. These recent hits were the fruits of artificial intelligence systems that process a user’s text descriptions to create images. 1 “It’s pretty amazing, in terms of what AI image generators (生成器) are able to do,” says S. Shyam Sundar, a researcher at Pennsylvania State University who studies media technologies. “ 2 ” Some of the factors behind this leap in ability include the ever-increasing number of images available to train such AI systems, as well as advances in data processing that make the technology accessible to regular Internet users, Sundar notes. The result is that artificially generated images are everywhere and can be “next to impossible to detect,” he says. Ironically, experts say that humans’ best defense from being fooled by an Al system may be yet another AI system: one trained to detect artificial images. As AI image generation progresses, algorithms (算法) are better equipped than humans to detect some of the tiny fingerprints of robotic creation. Creating these AI detective programs works the same way as any other machine learning task, says Yong Jae Lee, a computer scientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “ 3 Then you can train a machine-learning model to distinguish the two,” Lee says. 4 Most such algorithms are trained on images from a specific AI generator and are unable to identify fakes produced by different algorithms. Most detectors also lack the user-friendly interfaces (界面) that have tempted so many people to try the generative AI systems. A. Still, these programs have significant shortcomings. B. There’s been a giant leap in the last year or so in terms of image-generation abilities. C. AI detectors will therefore always be struggling to keep up with AI image generators. D. You collect a data set of real images, and you also collect a data set of AI-generated images. E. They demonstrate how these systems have now become convincing enough to fool any viewer. F. Also, users need to evaluate visual information by asking whether it’s AI-generated before sharing. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. D 4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能图像生成技术已能制造高度逼真的虚假照片，其进步源于训练数据增加和技术迭代，人类防御手段是人工智能检测工具，但后者存在局限。 (1)题解析： 前文“You may have seen photographs that suggest otherwise, but former president Donald Trump wasn’t arrested last month, and the dog didn’t walk in a wheelchair. These recent hits were the fruits of artificial intelligence systems that process a user’s text descriptions to create images. (你可能看到的照片显示事实并非如此，但美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普上个月并没有被捕，这只狗也没有坐轮椅。这些最近的热门作品都是人工智能系统的成果，该系统通过处理用户的文字描述来创建图像。)”提到虚假照片，指出这些图片是人工智能系统的产物，因此E项“They demonstrate how these systems have now become convincing enough to fool any viewer. (它们展示了这些系统如今已经足够逼真，足以欺骗任何观看者。)”符合语境，说明这些系统可实现逼真的效果，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的These recent hits。故选E。 (2)题解析： 后文“Some of the factors behind this leap in ability include the ever-increasing number of images available to train such AI systems, as well as advances in data processing that make the technology accessible to regular Internet users, Sundar notes. (Sundar指出，这种能力飞跃背后的一些因素包括，用于训练这种人工智能系统的图像数量不断增加，以及数据处理方面的进步，使得普通互联网用户可以使用这项技术。)”说明能力飞跃能实现的具体原因，因此B项“There’s been a giant leap in the last year or so in terms of image-generation abilities. (在过去一年左右的时间里，图像生成能力有了巨大的飞跃。)”符合语境，指出人工智能图像生成能力的巨大进步，后文是对其展开说明，其中的a giant leap和后文的this leap呼应。故选B。 (3)题解析： 前文“Creating these AI detective programs works the same way as any other machine learning task, says Yong Jae Lee, a computer scientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. (威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的计算机科学家Yong Jae Lee表示，创建这些人工智能检测程序的工作方式与任何其他机器学习任务相同。)”指出人工智能检测程序同样是机器学习任务，后文“Then you can train a machine-learning model to distinguish the two (然后你可以训练一个机器学习模型来区分这两者)”提到下一步是区分两者，D项“You collect a data set of real images, and you also collect a data set of AI-generated images. (你要收集一组真实图像，还要收集一组人工智能生成的图像)”符合语境，指出第一步是收集图像数据，承接前文，和后文顺序连贯，后文的the two指代选项中的a data set of real images和a data set of AI-generated images。故选D。 (4)题解析： 后文“Most such algorithms are trained on images from a specific AI generator and are unable to identify fakes produced by different algorithms. Most detectors also lack the user-friendly interfaces that have tempted so many people to try the generative AI systems. (大多数这样的算法都是根据来自特定人工智能生成器的图像进行训练的，无法识别由不同算法产生的假图像。大多数检测器也缺乏用户友好的界面，这吸引了许多人尝试生成人工智能系统。)”具体描述人工智能检测工具的局限性，因此A项“Still, these programs have significant shortcomings. (然而，这些程序仍有重大缺陷。)”符合语境，指出人工智能检测工具有不足，可作为总起句统领后文。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $