精品解析：天津市耀华中学2026-2027学年高三暑期学情反馈试卷英语试题

天津市耀华中学2027届高三暑期学情反馈 英语试卷 笔试 笔试试卷共150分，考试时间为120分钟。第Ⅰ卷为1至9页，第Ⅱ卷为9-10页，第Ⅲ卷为11-12页。 第Ⅰ卷（共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — How is your preparation for the coming competition? — ________. All that remains is to polish the speech draft. A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it C. By all means D. So far so good 2. Released by an international research institute, the happiness index in Nordic nations proves far higher than ________ in most industrialized economies across the globe. A. that B. it C. one D. those 3. The group leader, as well as dozens of team members, ________ by the judges after the competition concluded last Saturday. A. is praised B. are praised C. was praised D. were praised 4. The researcher maintained close contact with partners worldwide to deal with all the challenges ________ to the study he was carrying out. A. relevant B. sensitive C. familiar D. famous 5. The public showed great ________ for the homeless survivors after the earthquake and many offered to send clothes and food to them. A. admiration B. devotion C. promise D. sympathy 6. Up to now, no passenger has claimed the suitcase ________ at the airport waiting lounge. A. spotting B. spotted C. having spotted D. to be spotted 7. — Many ancient poems are hard to interpret. — Exactly, ________ you can figure out every single word. A. if only B. as though C. even if D. now that 8. The data collected from the experiment proved ________ the scientist had assumed years ago turned out correct. A. what B. which C. where D. how 9. While wandering around the old district, I ran into Sophia, whom I ________ ever since we graduated from college. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 10. Teenagers are encouraged to take part in social practices ________ they can learn how to cooperate with different people. A. who B. when C. which D. where 11. What he put forward in the press conference came ________ specific questions frequently put forward by local newsmen. A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of 12. The manager refused to approve the team’s proposal initially, but he ________ when they presented solid evidence to support their idea. A. gave in B. turned up C. pulled through D. held out 13. After she spent a month travelling overseas, Amy returned and discovered a stack of documents ________ for her on the office desk. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to be waited 14. — Will this single document serve as my visa application? — I’m afraid not. Your application form must be ________ by three recently-taken photos. A. updated B. accompanied C. established D. identified 15. — Have you reached an agreement on the travel plan? — ________. We will set off next Friday. A. That’s it B. Give it a try C. It’s settled D. You’re kidding me 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A long time ago, my full grown children were still “children”. I saw something that still brings a burst of ____16____ to my heart whenever I think about it. My youngest son who had just learnt to walk at the time was very ____17____ to his big sister. When she first started going to school, he would stand by the window waiting every day for her bus to bring her home. One day, ____18____, a particularly dirty diaper (尿布)incident happened. His mom needed to give him a quick ____19____ right when the school bus was ____20____ to arrive. When his sister and I ____21____ it to the door he was still in the bathtub. His sister went into her room to get changed. As soon as she ____22____ the door, her brother came out from the bathroom and walked with ____23____ steps right to the window. It seemed that his internal (内部的) ____24____ knew that his sister ____25____ be home at any second. I smiled as I watched him looking ____26____ out of the window while his sister ____27____ from her room. ____28____ she moved to him and gently tapped him on the shoulder. The ____29____ on his face when he turned around and saw his big sister was one I have ____30____ seen in this life. It was pure joy and pure love. His big eyes ____31____ with delight, his toothless smile ____32____ most of his face, and his tiny arms opened up to give his sister a very big hug. I ____33____ a while ago that I had spent far too much of my own life looking out of a window waiting for something or someone to ____34____ me what I wanted in this life. It took me a long time to finally feel the gentle tapping on my own shoulder. When I ____35____, I saw love, joy and peace. 16. A. inspiration B. energy C. freshness D. joy 17. A. related B. attached C. committed D. exposed 18. A. further B. however C. therefore D. indeed 19. A. change B. bath C. fix D. dress 20. A. arranged B. scheduled C. prepared D. assumed 21. A. made B. took C. drove D. got 22. A. opened B. approached C. pulled D. shut 23. A. firm B. unsteady C. aimless D. heavy 24. A. clock B. time C. memory D. network 25. A. might B. could C. should D. must 26. A. doubtfully B. impatiently C. attentively D. anxiously 27. A. came up B. got away C. walked down D. moved on 28. A. Suddenly B. Freely C. Evenly D. Quietly 29. A. innocence B. curiosity C. surprise D. happiness 30. A. possibly B. frequently C. rarely D. easily 31. A. welled B. shone C. closed D. burned 32. A. took up B. wiped off C. passed over D. came across 33. A. reflected B. concluded C. understood D. realized 34. A. bring B. confirm C. provide D. tell 35. A. looked ahead B. stepped forward C. turned around D. held back 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A JUNIPER INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG WRITERS Hosted by University of Massachusetts Amherst June 20-28, 2025 The Juniper Institute for Young Writers (JIYW) offers high school students a unique opportunity to participate in intensive creative writing workshops, craft sessions, and studio courses designed especially for young writers. We are pleased to announce that we are now accepting online applications for the 2025 session! Eligibility (资格) The Juniper Institute for Young Writers welcomes high school students. We operate on a rolling admissions basis, and we do our best to make admission decisions within 6 weeks of receiving applications. Once your application is accepted, enrollment in the JIYW is guaranteed on a first-come, first-served basis. Application Process Overview Applications are accepted online. The application deadline is March 2, 2025. Early application is encouraged, as admission is competitive and the program fills quickly! Application materials include: $30 application fee, a writing sample and a personal statement. Application Fee A non-refundable application fee of $30 is required with each application. Applicants pay the fee by debit or credit card through a secure site on the online application. A Writing Sample The writing sample should be 5-7 pages of fiction. Please include your name & email address as a header or footer in the writing sample. A Personal Statement This statement of no more than 300 words should describe your interest in the Juniper Institute for Young Writers. Please explain why this would be a meaningful opportunity for you and what you think you can contribute to the institute. Tuition & Housing Tuition of $1,350 includes all institute activities (workshops, craft sessions, studio courses and field trips). You will need to pay a $200 non-refundable tuition deposit in order to guarantee your space. Remaining tuition is due in full no later than May 15, 2025. The cost of housing is $216 for a shared room in our residence hall. Participants may choose to stay elsewhere off campus, but the immersive (沉浸式) nature of the program and residence life curriculum encourages on-campus residence. 36. The Juniper Institute for Young Writers program lasts ________. A. 5 days B. 9 days C. 12 days D. 15 days 37. Potential applicants are advised to ________. A. apply as early as possible B. live elsewhere off campus C. inspect the residence hall D. pay the tuition in full 38. Which of the following is acceptable as the writing sample? A. News reports. B. Biographies. C. Short stories. D. Business letters. 39. Which of the following is a proper requirement for application materials? A. Applicants can freely decide the length of their personal statement. B. Applicants’ basic information should appear in the writing sample. C. The personal statement must cover your expectations for the program. D. Application fees can be returned under certain conditions. 40. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. the program doesn’t accept online application B. you can apply for this program before June 20, 2025 C. students’ on-campus residence is not compulsory D. you can pay $216 to rent your own room in the residence hall B Braving the elements On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a former Navy officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest, surrounded by open water. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot and rushed him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now extremely tired, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. 41. Why does the author mention the fire accident in the bank 20 years before? A. To prove disasters will bring people’s courage to light. B. To explain the inner drive pushing Gelinne to save the pilot. C. To show Gelinne gained rescue skills from the accident. D. To describe a dangerous experience Gelinne once went through. 42. Why did Gelinne choose to use a boat instead of walking on the ice? A. His Navy training warned him of the danger of thin ice. B. He was afraid the pilot could not see him on foot. C. The boat could move much faster than walking on ice. D. He was too old to walk long distances on the icy surface. 43. What do we know about the frozen lake during the rescue? A. A lifeboat carried Gelinne to reach the plane first. B. The ice was thick enough for people to walk on safely. C. The whole surface of the lake was covered with solid ice. D. Parts of the ice had broken and open water appeared. 44. How did Gelinne help the pilot on site? A. He made a call to the police for help. B. He pulled the pilot out of the icy water. C. He asked the pilot to hold onto the boat’s bow. D. He escorted the pilot all the way back to the shore. 45. What can Gelinne probably learn from this rescue experience? A. Think twice before taking action. B. One good turn deserves another. C. It’s never too late to make things right. D. One should always be ready to seize chances. C Dennis Richardson, Oregon’s secretary of state, brought his child up to be ready. “When a crisis arises, the time for preparation has passed,” he would tell them. Today Mr Richardson worries his state is less prepared than it should be. There is a 10% chance that in the next 30 years an earthquake between 8.0 and 9.0 in magnitude (强度) will hit the zone that runs along the coast of Washington, Oregon and Northern California. If the quake hit, it would cause a tsunami that could ruin coastal houses. The Pacific north-west is not the only region with a problem. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) says there is a 99.7% chance that California will suffer a quake larger than magnitude 6.7 in the next 30 years. The Southern San Andreas Fault line, which runs close to Los Angeles, is the most likely place for a large quake. The Los Angeles metropolitan area has taken steps to equip itself for shaking. In 2015 the city government passed a law requiring around 13,500 apartment buildings to be re-built to withstand earthquakes. It gave the owners of wood-framed apartment buildings seven years to make them stronger, while the owners of concrete structures got 25. There is one obvious way in which Los Angeles, the west coast and America as a whole lag behind other quake-prone nations: it has no early-warning system. Mexico, Japan, Turkey, Romania, China, and Italy all boast systems to warn residents of approaching earthquakes. In Mexico, alerts allowed residents to rush out of buildings that were likely to collapse, and to seek cover, before an 8.2-magnitude quake shook the country’s southern coast in September 2017. In Japan, every resident with a mobile phone receives a text message warning of quakes. Even a few seconds’ notice can mean “a doctor taking his knife out of a patient, a dentist removing his drill and manufacturers shutting off equipment that leads to fires or spills”, says Lucy Jones, a seismologist (地震学家). This year, after 12 years of research and development, Shake Alert, an earthquake early-warning system designed eventually to work up and down America’s west coast, will be turned on. But at least for now it will only be available on a limited basis. Douglas Given, the earthquake early-warning co-ordinator at USGS, says about half the necessary stations have been completed. USGS has said it will cost $38.3 million to complete the system and $16 million a year to operate it. 46. Why does the writer mention Dennis Richardson’s words at the beginning? A. To introduce the topic of earthquake preparation. B. To stress frequent quakes along Oregon’s coast. C. To show officials’ worry about tsunami damage. D. To warn of an earthquake coming in the near future. 47. What measure has the Los Angeles metropolitan area carried out? A. Wood-framed buildings must be pulled down completely. B. The government will rebuild all local apartment buildings. C. Concrete buildings need strengthening within 25 years. D. It has launched a nationwide earthquake warning system. 48. Lucy Jones is quoted in the passage mainly to ________. A. describe how destructive earthquakes can be B. show the great value of an early-warning system C. list measures to stop earthquakes from happening D. advise people on self-protection during earthquakes 49. What can we learn about Shake Alert from the last paragraph? A. It serves limited areas at the present time. B. Its research and development will last 12 years. C. It costs 16 million dollars to complete construction. D. All required monitoring stations have been finished. 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Major quakes will strike America’s west coast soon. B. Los Angeles acts as a model in earthquake prevention. C. The US west coast needs better earthquake preparedness. D. Early-warning systems matter for surviving earthquakes. D At least since the appearance of Napster, in 1999, the Internet’s potential effect on listeners has often been portrayed as dramatic. Music bloggers, the iPod’s massive storage capabilities, and most recently, the virtually unlimited browsing potential afforded by streaming — put together, they would surely pave the way for a generation to whom eclecticism (折衷主义) was normal. Human curiosity could finally win, and the super-listener would rise. Little in the modern music landscape suggests that this has come to pass. Quite the contrary, which is an important assumption of the New York Times music critic Ben Ratliff’s Every Song Ever: 20 Ways to Listen in an Age of Musical Plenty. In the past decade or so, traditional radio stations have cut down the number of songs they played and increased the frequency of repetition, because listeners are less likely to switch away from tunes they recognize. Successful online playlist makers such as Pandora continually fine-tune algorithms (算法) to figure out what individual users want to hear based on what they’ve liked before. And music journalists working online have come to understand that defending little-known artists commands far less traffic — and therefore less job security — than does promotion of the latest Taylor Swift video or Beatles anniversary. Ratliff wisely diagnoses the psychology underlying this state of affairs. “In many cases, having rapidly acquired a new kind of listening brain — a brain with unlimited access — we dig very deeply and very narrowly, creating bottomless comfort zones in what we have decided we like and trust,” he writes. “Or we shut down, threatened by the endless choices. The riches remain dumb unless we have an engaged relationship with them.” An “engaged relationship” — what’s that? Well, you know: Active listening. Open listening. The kind of listening that happened more often when switching from an unfamiliar song back to an old favorite wasn’t so frictionless — when the unfamiliar song had cost you $16.99 and a trip to Tower Records to acquire, and the old CD was gathering dust somewhere under your bed. Ratliff has 20 suggestions, mostly good ones, for how to achieve this level of engagement in a world overflowing with new and strange, and instantaneously available, sounds. He reminds us, as he proceeds, of how urgently we need adventurous critics like him at a time when the idea of musical discovery has been appropriated by tech companies and sidelined in the chase for clicks. 51. What effect is the Internet expected to have on music listeners? A. They will develop better taste in music. B. They will favor more powerful music players. C. They will be ready to try different kinds of music. D. They will grow curious about the quality of music. 52. According to Ben Ratliff, what is true of today’s music landscape? A. Online playlists ignore users’ personal music preferences. B. Music journalists actively promote works of unknown artists. C. Algorithms are updated to satisfy listeners’ hunger for new music. D. People get fewer chances to hear unfamiliar music than expected. 53. Why does Ratliff mention “bottomless comfort zones” in Paragraph 3? A. To show people can trust their own taste in music. B. To explain why listeners seldom explore new music. C. To argue endless music choices excite listeners’ curiosity. D. To prove unlimited music resources benefit listeners greatly. 54. What does an “engaged relationship” with music require? A. Active and open-minded listening to musical works. B. Easy and instant access to massive music resources. C. Enough money to buy expensive CDs and records. D. Reliable suggestions from professional music critics. 55. It can be inferred that adventurous music critics are supposed to ________. A. help listeners stay inside their comfort zones B. encourage people to compete for online clicks C. reduce technology’s limiting influence on listeners D. bring long-forgotten classic songs back to popularity 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient. But after starting my Ph.D, I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else. My advisor had supported me from the very beginning, but I hesitated to share my struggles, fearing he’d see me as a failure. After 8 months of quietly carrying that weight, I finally spoke up. I sat in my advisor’s office, red-faced and anxious, words pouring out faster than I could control. For half an hour, I opened up about months of stress, doubt, and the sense that I didn’t belong. I expected judgment or disappointment. Instead, my advisor listened patiently, and then calmly offered a line I’ll never forget: “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That one sentence landed softly, but it broke something open. His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided; the real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step. Two years later, I completed my Ph.D with hard-earned experience, supportive peers, and a personal profile I was proud of. I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership. Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride. 56. Why did the author pretend to be an accomplished researcher when applying for graduate school? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________ 57. What troubles did the author meet with shortly after she began her Ph.D? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined sentence “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle” mean? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________ 59. What is the author going to do as she prepares to set up her own research group? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________ 60. If you encounter similar difficulties in your study, what will you do and why? (no more than 25 words) ____________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假定你是中学生李华。刚刚度过暑假，不少同学外出旅游。为引导大家理性出游，你校英文报纸面向全体同学征文，邀请同学们就旅游现象发表看法。请你投稿撰文，内容包括： 1.近期旅游热度攀升的原因； 2.旅游过程中存在的部分问题（如不文明行为、安全意识薄弱、过度消费）； 3.你对于旅游的看法与出行建议。 注意： 1.不少于100词； 2.文章开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Nowadays more and more people enjoy traveling with their family during summer holidays. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅲ卷（共20分） 温馨提示：请同学们在填涂答题卡时确认和试卷上的题目序号一致。 听力理解（共15小题；62-66每小题1分，67-76每小题1.5分，满分20分） 第一节 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将拥有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 62. What will the woman do? A. Do the cooking. B. Eat at a restaurant. C. Go to the grocery store. 63. Which month is it now most probably? A. June. B. August. C. September. 64. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Host and guest. C. A couple. 65. Why is the woman going back home earlier today? A. She has an appointment. B. She finished work earlier. C. She lives farther from the office. 66. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hospital. B. At a meeting room. C. At the man’s office. 第二节 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题五秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第67至第69三个小题。 67. What is Alpha mainly about? A. A dog’s journey home. B. A young man’s lonely life. C. Adventures of a man and a wolf. 68. What did Albert Hughes do in the making of the movie? A. He wrote it. B. He directed it. C. He starred in it. 69. What time will the movie begin? A. At 8:00 pm. B. At 7:00 pm. C. At 6:00 pm. 听下面一段对话，回答第70至第72三个小题。 70. How many pictures are included in the first edition of Birds of America? A. 119. B. 183. C. 435. 71. When did a copy sell 7.9 million dollars? A. In 2000. B. In 2010. C. In 2002. 72. What is the man? A. A college students. B. A college teacher. C. A book dealer. 听下面一段对话，回答第73至第76四个小题。 73. What was Sr. Nicholas’ life mission? A. Writing origin tales. B. Solving people’s problems. C. Helping his family live better. 74. Why was that father worried? A. He failed to find St. Nicholas. B. He didn’t have enough money. C. He couldn’t live with his daughters. 75. What did St. Nicholas do after hearing about the family’s trouble? A. He told them what to do. B. He gave them gold face to face. C. He offered them something secretly. 76. What is the passage mainly about? A. A poor family’s lifestyle. B. The meaning of life mission. C. The origin of a Christmas tradition. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市耀华中学2027届高三暑期学情反馈 英语试卷 笔试 笔试试卷共150分，考试时间为120分钟。第Ⅰ卷为1至9页，第Ⅱ卷为9-10页，第Ⅲ卷为11-12页。 第Ⅰ卷（共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — How is your preparation for the coming competition? — ________. All that remains is to polish the speech draft. A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it C. By all means D. So far so good 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你为即将到来的比赛准备得怎么样了？——到目前为止一切顺利。剩下的就是润色演讲稿了。 A. Easy come easy go来得容易去得快；B. Far from it远非如此；C. By all means当然可以；D. So far so good到目前为止一切顺利。根据答语后半句可知，只剩最后的润色了，说明准备工作进展得很顺利。 2. Released by an international research institute, the happiness index in Nordic nations proves far higher than ________ in most industrialized economies across the globe. A. that B. it C. one D. those 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：一家国际研究机构发布的北欧国家幸福指数被证实远高于全球大多数工业化经济体的幸福指数。此处需要一个代词来替代前面出现的特指名词the happiness index，以避免重复，that常用于替代前面提到的特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 3. The group leader, as well as dozens of team members, ________ by the judges after the competition concluded last Saturday. A. is praised B. are praised C. was praised D. were praised 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：上周六比赛结束后，组长以及几十名队员受到了评委们的表扬。当主语后面带有as well as, together with, along with等词组时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定。本句中前面的主语The group leader为单数，故谓语动词应使用单数形式。根据时间状语last Saturday可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时；且主语与动词praise之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。因此，空格处应填入一般过去时的单数被动形式was praised。 4. The researcher maintained close contact with partners worldwide to deal with all the challenges ________ to the study he was carrying out. A. relevant B. sensitive C. familiar D. famous 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位研究人员与世界各地的合作伙伴保持密切联系，以应对与他正在进行的研究所相关的所有挑战。A. relevant相关的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. famous著名的。根据“maintained close contact”、“to the study”及句意可知，此处表达和这项研究有关的挑战，relevant to是固定搭配，表示“与……相关的”。 5. The public showed great ________ for the homeless survivors after the earthquake and many offered to send clothes and food to them. A. admiration B. devotion C. promise D. sympathy 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：地震后，公众对无家可归的幸存者表现出了极大的同情，许多人主动提出给他们送衣服和食物。A. admiration钦佩，赞赏，欣赏；B. devotion奉献，献身，热爱；C. promise承诺；D. sympathy同情。根据many offered to send clothes and food to them，由此推测，人们对遇到灾难幸存下来的人是同情的。 6. Up to now, no passenger has claimed the suitcase ________ at the airport waiting lounge. A. spotting B. spotted C. having spotted D. to be spotted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：到目前为止，还没有乘客认领在机场候机室被发现的那个手提箱。spot与suitcase是动宾关系，且该动作已经发生，此空应用过去分词spotted，作后置定语。 7. — Many ancient poems are hard to interpret. — Exactly, ________ you can figure out every single word. A. if only B. as though C. even if D. now that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——许多古诗很难解读。——确实如此，即使你能弄懂每一个字。A. if only要是……就好了；B. as though仿佛，好像；C. even if即使；D. now that既然。此处表示让步关系，暗含“即使你能弄懂每一个字，古诗也很难解读”，用even if引导让步状语从句。 8. The data collected from the experiment proved ________ the scientist had assumed years ago turned out correct. A. what B. which C. where D. how 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：从实验中收集的数据证明，这位科学家多年前的假设是正确的。空格处引导宾语从句，且引导词在从句中作had assumed的宾语，表示“假设的内容”，应用连接代词what引导。 9. While wandering around the old district, I ran into Sophia, whom I ________ ever since we graduated from college. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在老城区闲逛时，我偶遇了索菲娅，自从我们大学毕业以来，我就一直没见过她。主句谓语动词ran into为一般过去时，表示主句是发生在过去的动作。定语从句中带有时间状语ever since we graduated from college，表示“没见过她”这一状态从大学毕业一直持续到过去偶遇她的那个时间，即“过去的过去”，因此从句应用过去完成时。 10. Teenagers are encouraged to take part in social practices ________ they can learn how to cooperate with different people. A. who B. when C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：鼓励青少年参加社会实践，在这些实践中他们可以学习如何与不同的人合作。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词social practices。从句主谓宾结构完整，此空是关系副词作状语。先行词social practices表示抽象的地点或情境，此空应是where。 11. What he put forward in the press conference came ________ specific questions frequently put forward by local newsmen. A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：他在新闻发布会上提出的内容是对当地记者经常提出的具体问题的回应。A. in memory of纪念；B. in response to作为……的回应；C. in touch with与……保持联系；D. in possession of拥有。根据“specific questions frequently put forward by local newsmen”可知，此处指回应记者的问题。 12. The manager refused to approve the team’s proposal initially, but he ________ when they presented solid evidence to support their idea. A. gave in B. turned up C. pulled through D. held out 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：经理起初拒绝批准团队的提议，但当他们拿出可靠证据支撑自己的想法时，他让步了。A. gave in让步；B. turned up出现，调大；C. pulled through渡过难关，恢复健康；D. held out坚持，伸出。根据“when they presented solid evidence to support their idea”可知，团队拿出证据后经理做出让步，gave in符合题意。 13. After she spent a month travelling overseas, Amy returned and discovered a stack of documents ________ for her on the office desk. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to be waited 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在海外旅行了一个月后，艾米回来了，发现办公桌上有一叠文件在等她。句子已有谓语returned and discovered，此空是非谓语；documents与wait是主谓关系，此空应是现在分词waiting。 14. — Will this single document serve as my visa application? — I’m afraid not. Your application form must be ________ by three recently-taken photos. A. updated B. accompanied C. established D. identified 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这份单一的文件可以作为我的签证申请吗？——恐怕不行。你的申请表必须附有三张最近拍的照片。A. updated更新；B. accompanied伴随，附有；C. established建立；D. identified识别，认出。根据“by three recently-taken photos”可知，申请表需要附有三张照片。 15. — Have you reached an agreement on the travel plan? — ________. We will set off next Friday. A. That’s it B. Give it a try C. It’s settled D. You’re kidding me 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你们就旅行计划达成一致了吗？——说定了。我们下周五出发。A. That’s it就是这样；B. Give it a try试一试；C. It’s settled说定了；D. You’re kidding me你在开玩笑吧。根据“We will set off next Friday.”可知，旅行计划已经确定，即已经说定了。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A long time ago, my full grown children were still “children”. I saw something that still brings a burst of ____16____ to my heart whenever I think about it. My youngest son who had just learnt to walk at the time was very ____17____ to his big sister. When she first started going to school, he would stand by the window waiting every day for her bus to bring her home. One day, ____18____, a particularly dirty diaper (尿布)incident happened. His mom needed to give him a quick ____19____ right when the school bus was ____20____ to arrive. When his sister and I ____21____ it to the door he was still in the bathtub. His sister went into her room to get changed. As soon as she ____22____ the door, her brother came out from the bathroom and walked with ____23____ steps right to the window. It seemed that his internal (内部的) ____24____ knew that his sister ____25____ be home at any second. I smiled as I watched him looking ____26____ out of the window while his sister ____27____ from her room. ____28____ she moved to him and gently tapped him on the shoulder. The ____29____ on his face when he turned around and saw his big sister was one I have ____30____ seen in this life. It was pure joy and pure love. His big eyes ____31____ with delight, his toothless smile ____32____ most of his face, and his tiny arms opened up to give his sister a very big hug. I ____33____ a while ago that I had spent far too much of my own life looking out of a window waiting for something or someone to ____34____ me what I wanted in this life. It took me a long time to finally feel the gentle tapping on my own shoulder. When I ____35____, I saw love, joy and peace. 16. A. inspiration B. energy C. freshness D. joy 17. A. related B. attached C. committed D. exposed 18. A. further B. however C. therefore D. indeed 19. A. change B. bath C. fix D. dress 20. A. arranged B. scheduled C. prepared D. assumed 21. A. made B. took C. drove D. got 22. A. opened B. approached C. pulled D. shut 23. A. firm B. unsteady C. aimless D. heavy 24. A. clock B. time C. memory D. network 25. A. might B. could C. should D. must 26. A. doubtfully B. impatiently C. attentively D. anxiously 27. A. came up B. got away C. walked down D. moved on 28. A. Suddenly B. Freely C. Evenly D. Quietly 29. A. innocence B. curiosity C. surprise D. happiness 30. A. possibly B. frequently C. rarely D. easily 31. A. welled B. shone C. closed D. burned 32. A. took up B. wiped off C. passed over D. came across 33. A. reflected B. concluded C. understood D. realized 34. A. bring B. confirm C. provide D. tell 35. A. looked ahead B. stepped forward C. turned around D. held back 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文作者回忆幼子每日等候姐姐放学的暖心往事，并从中感悟人生真谛。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我目睹了一件事，每当想起它，我的心底依然会涌起一阵喜悦。A. inspiration灵感；B. energy精力；C. freshness新鲜感；D. joy喜悦。根据第二段“pure joy and pure love”可知，这件事是暖心、令人愉悦的。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当时刚学会走路的小儿子十分依恋他的姐姐。A. related相关的；B. attached依恋的；C. committed坚定的；D. exposed暴露的。根据后文“he would stand by the window waiting every day for her bus to bring her home”可知，弟弟十分依恋姐姐。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而有一天，发生了一件特别脏的尿布事件。A. further此外；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. indeed的确。前文写弟弟每日等候姐姐，下文“a particularly dirty diaper (尿布) incident happened”讲述意外情况，上下文是转折关系。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：校车即将抵达时，他的妈妈需要快速给他洗澡。A. change更换；B. bath洗澡；C. fix修理；D. dress连衣裙。根据后文“he was still in the bathtub”可知，此处是给孩子洗澡。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. arranged安排；B. scheduled预定；C. prepared准备；D. assumed假定。根据上文“the school bus”和常识可知，校车抵达时间是预先规划好的，be scheduled to do为固定搭配，意为“预定做某事”。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我和他姐姐走到门口时，他还在浴缸里。A. made（尽力）赶往；B. took拿；C. drove驾驶；D. got得到。根据下文“to the door he was still in the bathtub”可知，作者和女儿到了门口，make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功抵达某地”。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：她一关上门，弟弟就从浴室走了出来，他迈着不稳的步子径直走向窗边。A. opened打开；B. approached靠近；C. pulled拉；D. shut关闭。根据前文“His sister went into her room to get changed.”可知，姐姐回房换衣服需要关上房门。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。A. firm坚定的；B. unsteady不稳的；C. aimless漫无目的的；D. heavy沉重的。根据前文“had just learnt to walk”可知，刚学会走路的孩子脚步不稳。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：似乎他体内的生物钟知道姐姐马上应该回家了。A. clock时钟；B. time时间；C. memory记忆；D. network网络。根据第一段“he would stand by the window waiting every day for her bus to bring her home.”儿子每天等姐姐可知，他通过观察感知到姐姐回家的时间（即体内的生物钟认为到了姐姐回家的时间），体现儿子对姐姐的依恋。internal clock为固定搭配，意为“生物钟”。 【25题详解】 考查情态动词。句意同上。A. might可能；B. could能够；C. should应该；D. must必须。根据姐姐每日放学的规律，此处指按常理应该到家了。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：我笑着看着他专注地望向窗外，此时他的姐姐从房间里走了出来。A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. attentively专注地；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据第一段“he would stand by the window waiting every day for her bus to bring her home”可知，弟弟每日等候姐姐，此刻正专心望着窗外等待。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意同上。A. came up出现、走近；B. got away离开；C. walked down走下；D. moved on继续前进。根据后文“she moved to him”可知，姐姐从房间出来走近他。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：她悄悄地走到他身边，轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。A. Suddenly突然地；B. Freely自由地；C. Evenly均匀地；D. Quietly悄悄地。根据下文“gently tapped”可知，姐姐动作轻柔、安静。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：他转身看到姐姐时脸上流露的幸福，是我此生罕见的模样。A. innocence天真；B. curiosity好奇；C. surprise惊讶；D. happiness幸福。根据后文“pure joy and pure love”可知，孩子脸上满是幸福。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。A. possibly可能；B. frequently频繁地；C. rarely罕见地；D. easily轻易地。根据下文“It was pure joy and pure love”可知，这份纯粹的爱意与喜悦十分难得，是作者很少见到的神态。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：他的大眼睛闪烁着喜悦的光芒，他没长牙的笑容占据了大半张脸，他小小的双臂张开，给了他姐姐一个大大的拥抱。A. welled涌出；B. shone闪耀；C. closed闭上；D. burned燃烧。结合下文“with delight”可知，孩子满心欢喜，眼睛因喜悦而发亮。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语。句意同上。A. took up占据；B. wiped off擦掉；C. passed over忽略；D. came across偶遇。根据上文“It was pure joy and pure love.”可知，此处用笑容占了大半张脸庞来描述孩子的开心。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：不久前我意识到，自己这辈子太多时间都在守望，等待某人或某事带给自己人生所求。A. reflected反思；B. concluded总结；C. understood理解；D. realized意识到。下文“that I had spent far too much of my own life looking out of a window waiting for something or someone to ____ me what I wanted in this life.”是作者从往事中领悟到人生道理。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. bring带来；B. confirm证实；C. provide提供；D. tell告知。根据上文“waiting for”和下文“me what I wanted”可知，作者反思自己一直坐等外界带来自己想要的东西。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当我转过身，我看见了爱、喜悦与平静。A. looked ahead展望未来；B. stepped forward向前走；C. turned around转身；D. held back退缩。呼应第二段中“he turned around and saw his big sister”此处指作者幡然醒悟、转身看见美好。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A JUNIPER INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG WRITERS Hosted by University of Massachusetts Amherst June 20-28, 2025 The Juniper Institute for Young Writers (JIYW) offers high school students a unique opportunity to participate in intensive creative writing workshops, craft sessions, and studio courses designed especially for young writers. We are pleased to announce that we are now accepting online applications for the 2025 session! Eligibility (资格) The Juniper Institute for Young Writers welcomes high school students. We operate on a rolling admissions basis, and we do our best to make admission decisions within 6 weeks of receiving applications. Once your application is accepted, enrollment in the JIYW is guaranteed on a first-come, first-served basis. Application Process Overview Applications are accepted online. The application deadline is March 2, 2025. Early application is encouraged, as admission is competitive and the program fills quickly! Application materials include: $30 application fee, a writing sample and a personal statement. Application Fee A non-refundable application fee of $30 is required with each application. Applicants pay the fee by debit or credit card through a secure site on the online application. A Writing Sample The writing sample should be 5-7 pages of fiction. Please include your name & email address as a header or footer in the writing sample. A Personal Statement This statement of no more than 300 words should describe your interest in the Juniper Institute for Young Writers. Please explain why this would be a meaningful opportunity for you and what you think you can contribute to the institute. Tuition & Housing Tuition of $1,350 includes all institute activities (workshops, craft sessions, studio courses and field trips). You will need to pay a $200 non-refundable tuition deposit in order to guarantee your space. Remaining tuition is due in full no later than May 15, 2025. The cost of housing is $216 for a shared room in our residence hall. Participants may choose to stay elsewhere off campus, but the immersive (沉浸式) nature of the program and residence life curriculum encourages on-campus residence. 36. The Juniper Institute for Young Writers program lasts ________. A. 5 days B. 9 days C. 12 days D. 15 days 37. Potential applicants are advised to ________. A. apply as early as possible B. live elsewhere off campus C. inspect the residence hall D. pay the tuition in full 38. Which of the following is acceptable as the writing sample? A. News reports. B. Biographies. C. Short stories. D. Business letters. 39. Which of the following is a proper requirement for application materials? A. Applicants can freely decide the length of their personal statement. B. Applicants’ basic information should appear in the writing sample. C. The personal statement must cover your expectations for the program. D. Application fees can be returned under certain conditions. 40. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. the program doesn’t accept online application B. you can apply for this program before June 20, 2025 C. students’ on-campus residence is not compulsory D. you can pay $216 to rent your own room in the residence hall 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是Juniper青年作家研究所2025学年项目的招生简章，主要介绍了项目申请资格、申请流程、所需材料、费用及住宿等相关信息。 【36题详解】 细节计算题。根据文章开头“June 20-28, 2025(2025年6月20日至28日)”可知，该项目从6月20日开始到6月28日结束，包含首尾两天共计持续9天。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Application Process Overview(申请流程概述)”部分中“Early application is encouraged, as admission is competitive and the program fills quickly!(我们鼓励尽早申请，因为录取竞争激烈，项目名额很快就会报满)”可知，主办方建议潜在申请者尽早提交申请。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据“A Writing Sample(写作样本)”部分中“The writing sample should be 5-7 pages of fiction.(写作样本应为5-7页的小说)”可知，要求提交的写作样本必须是小说，短篇小说符合要求。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A Writing Sample(写作样本)”部分中“Please include your name & email address as a header or footer in the writing sample.(请在写作样本的页眉或页脚注明你的姓名和电子邮件地址)”可知，申请者的姓名、邮箱等基本信息需要出现在写作样本中。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Participants may choose to stay elsewhere off campus, but the immersive (沉浸式) nature of the program and residence life curriculum encourages on-campus residence.(参与者可以选择住在校外其他地方，但是该项目的沉浸式属性和住宿生活课程鼓励学生住校)”可知，参与者可以自由选择住宿地点，住校并不是强制性要求。 B Braving the elements On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake. Then an airplane came into his sight. Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away, losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a former Navy officer, realized it was going to land in the lake. He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (侧滑) to a stop on the broad, frozen lake, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off, pushing his boat across the ice. It was tough work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest, surrounded by open water. Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling toward the pilot. Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the boat’s bow, but Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water and up onto the shelf of unbroken ice behind him before the man lost too much body heat. By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A lifeboat appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot and rushed him to safety. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now extremely tired, to shore. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. 41. Why does the author mention the fire accident in the bank 20 years before? A. To prove disasters will bring people’s courage to light. B. To explain the inner drive pushing Gelinne to save the pilot. C. To show Gelinne gained rescue skills from the accident. D. To describe a dangerous experience Gelinne once went through. 42. Why did Gelinne choose to use a boat instead of walking on the ice? A. His Navy training warned him of the danger of thin ice. B. He was afraid the pilot could not see him on foot. C. The boat could move much faster than walking on ice. D. He was too old to walk long distances on the icy surface. 43. What do we know about the frozen lake during the rescue? A. A lifeboat carried Gelinne to reach the plane first. B. The ice was thick enough for people to walk on safely. C. The whole surface of the lake was covered with solid ice. D. Parts of the ice had broken and open water appeared. 44. How did Gelinne help the pilot on site? A. He made a call to the police for help. B. He pulled the pilot out of the icy water. C. He asked the pilot to hold onto the boat’s bow. D. He escorted the pilot all the way back to the shore. 45. What can Gelinne probably learn from this rescue experience? A. Think twice before taking action. B. One good turn deserves another. C. It’s never too late to make things right. D. One should always be ready to seize chances. 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了60岁的Gelinne目睹飞机失事坠入结冰湖面，不顾危险划船前去营救飞行员的故事。二十年前银行火灾事件一直让他心存遗憾，这次他果断出手救人。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at work in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. (他突然想起二十多年前的一件往事：Gelinne当时在一家银行上班。火警响起时，他逃离了混乱的现场，但他一直想知道自己当时是否可以留在里面伸出援手。)”可知，二十年前银行火灾，他选择撤离，一直遗憾没能留下来帮忙。这段往事解释了驱使Gelinne营救飞行员的内在动力。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. (Gelinne从海军训练中了解到，在冰水里哪怕待上几分钟，都可能夺走飞行员的生命。)”以及第四段“Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. (Gelinne用脚试了试冰层，决定不冒险在冰面上行走。于是他从屋后平台下拖出一艘小船。)”可知，他的海军训练让他清楚薄冰非常危险，不能直接在冰面上行走，因此选择划船。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest, surrounded by open water. (当Gelinne抵达飞机所在位置时，飞机已经冲破冰层沉入水下，只有机尾露在外面。飞行员站在尾翼上，水淹到胸口，四周都是没有结冰的开阔水面。)”可知，湖面部分冰层已经破裂，出现了没有结冰的开阔水面。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife. (紧紧抓住船，就像抱住你的妻子一样。)”及“The pilot grabbed the boat’s bow (飞行员抓住了船头)”可知，Gelinne让飞行员抓住船头，以此保证飞行员在水中的安全。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped (但他一直想知道自己当时是否可以留在里面伸出援手)”以及最后一段““I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. (“我已经60岁了。我没办法把他直接送上岸。但他很欣慰那天自己做出了正确的行动。”)”可知，当年的遗憾在这次救援中得到弥补，做正确的事永远不嫌晚。 C Dennis Richardson, Oregon’s secretary of state, brought his child up to be ready. “When a crisis arises, the time for preparation has passed,” he would tell them. Today Mr Richardson worries his state is less prepared than it should be. There is a 10% chance that in the next 30 years an earthquake between 8.0 and 9.0 in magnitude (强度) will hit the zone that runs along the coast of Washington, Oregon and Northern California. If the quake hit, it would cause a tsunami that could ruin coastal houses. The Pacific north-west is not the only region with a problem. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) says there is a 99.7% chance that California will suffer a quake larger than magnitude 6.7 in the next 30 years. The Southern San Andreas Fault line, which runs close to Los Angeles, is the most likely place for a large quake. The Los Angeles metropolitan area has taken steps to equip itself for shaking. In 2015 the city government passed a law requiring around 13,500 apartment buildings to be re-built to withstand earthquakes. It gave the owners of wood-framed apartment buildings seven years to make them stronger, while the owners of concrete structures got 25. There is one obvious way in which Los Angeles, the west coast and America as a whole lag behind other quake-prone nations: it has no early-warning system. Mexico, Japan, Turkey, Romania, China, and Italy all boast systems to warn residents of approaching earthquakes. In Mexico, alerts allowed residents to rush out of buildings that were likely to collapse, and to seek cover, before an 8.2-magnitude quake shook the country’s southern coast in September 2017. In Japan, every resident with a mobile phone receives a text message warning of quakes. Even a few seconds’ notice can mean “a doctor taking his knife out of a patient, a dentist removing his drill and manufacturers shutting off equipment that leads to fires or spills”, says Lucy Jones, a seismologist (地震学家). This year, after 12 years of research and development, Shake Alert, an earthquake early-warning system designed eventually to work up and down America’s west coast, will be turned on. But at least for now it will only be available on a limited basis. Douglas Given, the earthquake early-warning co-ordinator at USGS, says about half the necessary stations have been completed. USGS has said it will cost $38.3 million to complete the system and $16 million a year to operate it. 46. Why does the writer mention Dennis Richardson’s words at the beginning? A. To introduce the topic of earthquake preparation. B. To stress frequent quakes along Oregon’s coast. C. To show officials’ worry about tsunami damage. D. To warn of an earthquake coming in the near future. 47. What measure has the Los Angeles metropolitan area carried out? A. Wood-framed buildings must be pulled down completely. B. The government will rebuild all local apartment buildings. C. Concrete buildings need strengthening within 25 years. D. It has launched a nationwide earthquake warning system. 48. Lucy Jones is quoted in the passage mainly to ________. A. describe how destructive earthquakes can be B. show the great value of an early-warning system C. list measures to stop earthquakes from happening D. advise people on self-protection during earthquakes 49. What can we learn about Shake Alert from the last paragraph? A. It serves limited areas at the present time. B. Its research and development will last 12 years. C. It costs 16 million dollars to complete construction. D. All required monitoring stations have been finished. 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Major quakes will strike America’s west coast soon. B. Los Angeles acts as a model in earthquake prevention. C. The US west coast needs better earthquake preparedness. D. Early-warning systems matter for surviving earthquakes. 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国西海岸面临的地震风险、当地采取的抗震加固措施，以及美国地震预警系统的建设现状，指出了美国西海岸在防震准备方面仍存在不足。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Dennis Richardson, Oregon’s secretary of state, brought his child up to be ready. “When a crisis arises, the time for preparation has passed,” he would tell them. Today Mr Richardson worries his state is less prepared than it should be.(俄勒冈州州务卿丹尼斯·理查德森从小教育孩子要做好准备，他常对孩子们说：“当危机来临时，再做准备就为时已晚。”如今，理查德森担心本州的防震准备还达不到应有的水平。)”可知，作者在开篇引用丹尼斯·理查德森的话，是为了引出地震防备这一全文的核心话题。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It gave the owners of wood-framed apartment buildings seven years to make them stronger, while the owners of concrete structures got 25.(这项规定给木结构公寓楼的业主7年时间加固建筑，而混凝土建筑的业主则有25年的期限。)”可知，洛杉矶大都会区出台的措施中，明确要求混凝土建筑需要在25年内完成加固。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even a few seconds’ notice can mean “a doctor taking his knife out of a patient, a dentist removing his drill and manufacturers shutting off equipment that leads to fires or spills”(即便只有短短几秒预警，也意味着‘医生可以把手术刀从患者体内取出、牙医可以停下牙钻，工厂操作人员能够关停可能引发火灾或泄漏的设备’)”可知，她展现了短暂的地震预警能够发挥的关键作用，体现了地震预警系统的巨大价值。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But at least for now it will only be available on a limited basis.(但至少在目前，该系统仅能在有限范围内投入使用。)”可知，Shake Alert地震预警系统现阶段的服务覆盖范围有限。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段中的“Today Mr Richardson worries his state is less prepared than it should be.(如今，理查德森担心本州的防震准备还达不到应有的水平。)”是本文主旨句，全文围绕该句展开：先后介绍了美国西海岸的地震发生概率、洛杉矶的建筑加固政策、美国在地震预警系统上落后于其他国家的现状，以及Shake Alert系统尚未建设完成的情况，核心体现出美国西海岸的防震准备仍有欠缺，需要进一步完善。C项表示“美国西海岸需要更好的防震准备。”，涵盖了本文的主旨。 D At least since the appearance of Napster, in 1999, the Internet’s potential effect on listeners has often been portrayed as dramatic. Music bloggers, the iPod’s massive storage capabilities, and most recently, the virtually unlimited browsing potential afforded by streaming — put together, they would surely pave the way for a generation to whom eclecticism (折衷主义) was normal. Human curiosity could finally win, and the super-listener would rise. Little in the modern music landscape suggests that this has come to pass. Quite the contrary, which is an important assumption of the New York Times music critic Ben Ratliff’s Every Song Ever: 20 Ways to Listen in an Age of Musical Plenty. In the past decade or so, traditional radio stations have cut down the number of songs they played and increased the frequency of repetition, because listeners are less likely to switch away from tunes they recognize. Successful online playlist makers such as Pandora continually fine-tune algorithms (算法) to figure out what individual users want to hear based on what they’ve liked before. And music journalists working online have come to understand that defending little-known artists commands far less traffic — and therefore less job security — than does promotion of the latest Taylor Swift video or Beatles anniversary. Ratliff wisely diagnoses the psychology underlying this state of affairs. “In many cases, having rapidly acquired a new kind of listening brain — a brain with unlimited access — we dig very deeply and very narrowly, creating bottomless comfort zones in what we have decided we like and trust,” he writes. “Or we shut down, threatened by the endless choices. The riches remain dumb unless we have an engaged relationship with them.” An “engaged relationship” — what’s that? Well, you know: Active listening. Open listening. The kind of listening that happened more often when switching from an unfamiliar song back to an old favorite wasn’t so frictionless — when the unfamiliar song had cost you $16.99 and a trip to Tower Records to acquire, and the old CD was gathering dust somewhere under your bed. Ratliff has 20 suggestions, mostly good ones, for how to achieve this level of engagement in a world overflowing with new and strange, and instantaneously available, sounds. He reminds us, as he proceeds, of how urgently we need adventurous critics like him at a time when the idea of musical discovery has been appropriated by tech companies and sidelined in the chase for clicks. 51. What effect is the Internet expected to have on music listeners? A. They will develop better taste in music. B. They will favor more powerful music players. C. They will be ready to try different kinds of music. D. They will grow curious about the quality of music. 52. According to Ben Ratliff, what is true of today’s music landscape? A. Online playlists ignore users’ personal music preferences. B. Music journalists actively promote works of unknown artists. C. Algorithms are updated to satisfy listeners’ hunger for new music. D. People get fewer chances to hear unfamiliar music than expected. 53. Why does Ratliff mention “bottomless comfort zones” in Paragraph 3? A. To show people can trust their own taste in music. B. To explain why listeners seldom explore new music. C. To argue endless music choices excite listeners’ curiosity. D. To prove unlimited music resources benefit listeners greatly. 54. What does an “engaged relationship” with music require? A. Active and open-minded listening to musical works. B. Easy and instant access to massive music resources. C. Enough money to buy expensive CDs and records. D. Reliable suggestions from professional music critics. 55. It can be inferred that adventurous music critics are supposed to ________. A. help listeners stay inside their comfort zones B. encourage people to compete for online clicks C. reduce technology’s limiting influence on listeners D. bring long-forgotten classic songs back to popularity 【答案】51. C 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了互联网本有望让听众广泛接触多元音乐，但算法让人们固守熟悉曲目。Ratliff 提出要主动开放聆听，乐评人应减轻科技对音乐探索的束缚。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Music bloggers, the iPod’s massive storage capabilities, and most recently, the virtually unlimited browsing potential afforded by streaming — put together, they would surely pave the way for a generation to whom eclecticism (折衷主义) was normal. Human curiosity could finally win, and the super-listener would rise.(音乐博主、iPod巨大的存储容量，以及最近流媒体带来的近乎无限的浏览可能——这些因素结合在一起，必将为一个崇尚折衷主义的一代人铺平道路。人类的好奇心终于将获得胜利，超级听众也将崛起)”可知，互联网原本被期待让听众习惯多元音乐，愿意尝试不同类型音乐。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Little in the modern music landscape suggests that this has come to pass. Quite the contrary, which is an important assumption of the New York Times music critic Ben Ratliff’s Every Song Ever: 20 Ways to Listen in an Age of Musical Plenty. In the past decade or so, traditional radio stations have cut down the number of songs they played and increased the frequency of repetition, because listeners are less likely to switch away from tunes they recognize.(现代音乐领域几乎没有迹象表明这一预期已经成为现实。恰恰相反，这正是《纽约时报》音乐评论家本·拉特利夫在其著作《所有现存的歌曲：音乐丰盛时代的20种聆听方式》中所持的重要前提假设。在过去十年左右的时间里，传统广播电台减少了播放的歌曲数量，并增加了重复播放的频率，因为听众不太可能切换离开他们熟悉的曲目)”可知，现实中人们更爱熟悉曲目，听到陌生音乐的机会比预想更少。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In many cases, having rapidly acquired a new kind of listening brain — a brain with unlimited access — we dig very deeply and very narrowly, creating bottomless comfort zones in what we have decided we like and trust(很多时候，我们迅速拥有了一种全新的聆听模式 —— 可以无限制获取音乐。但我们的钻研变得深入却狭隘，只在自己认定喜爱和信赖的音乐里，打造出无穷无尽的舒适区)”可知，拉特利夫在第三段中提到“无底的舒适区”是为了说明听众很少探索新音乐的原因。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“An “engaged relationship” — what’s that? Well, you know: Active listening. Open listening.(什么是“投入的关系”？嗯，你知道的：积极倾听，开放倾听)”可知，与音乐建立“投入的关系”需要主动且开放地聆听音乐作品。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“He reminds us, as he proceeds, of how urgently we need adventurous critics like him at a time when the idea of musical discovery has been appropriated by tech companies and sidelined in the chase for clicks.(他在阐述20条聆听建议的过程中提醒我们，音乐探索这件事已被科技公司掌控，并且在流量追逐中遭到边缘化，我们迫切需要像他这样富有探索精神的乐评人)”可知，冒险派音乐评论家应致力于减少技术对听众的限制性影响。 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient. But after starting my Ph.D, I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else. My advisor had supported me from the very beginning, but I hesitated to share my struggles, fearing he’d see me as a failure. After 8 months of quietly carrying that weight, I finally spoke up. I sat in my advisor’s office, red-faced and anxious, words pouring out faster than I could control. For half an hour, I opened up about months of stress, doubt, and the sense that I didn’t belong. I expected judgment or disappointment. Instead, my advisor listened patiently, and then calmly offered a line I’ll never forget: “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That one sentence landed softly, but it broke something open. His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided; the real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step. Two years later, I completed my Ph.D with hard-earned experience, supportive peers, and a personal profile I was proud of. I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership. Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride. 56. Why did the author pretend to be an accomplished researcher when applying for graduate school? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________ 57. What troubles did the author meet with shortly after she began her Ph.D? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined sentence “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle” mean? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________ 59. What is the author going to do as she prepares to set up her own research group? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________ 60. If you encounter similar difficulties in your study, what will you do and why? (no more than 25 words) ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. Because of pressure from her family’s expectations. OR: Because she faced pressure from family expectations. OR: To get into graduate school. 57. She met academic challenges, culture shock and financial stress. OR: She barely passed courses, failed scholarship applications and her research got stuck. 58. Graduate students should learn how to do research first instead of seeking immediate achievements. OR: We should focus on core skills first rather than chase productivity and groundbreaking projects. 59. She will remind her trainees to learn basic skills first. 60. Possible answers: I will communicate with teachers or experienced seniors honestly. Their suggestions can help me adjust my attitude and find proper ways to make progress. OR: I will abandon unrealistic high expectations. I choose to accept my limitations, concentrate on basic skills and build up my ability little by little. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者作为家里第一代大学生和国际博士生，从最初伪装成熟追求成就，到遭遇学业困境后被导师点醒，明白科研重在学习成长而非即刻产出，最终顺利毕业并将这一理念传承下去的经历。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient.(作为家里第一代大学生，我一直肩负着率先做出成绩、不辜负家人期望的压力，这份压力是家中其他成员从未经历过的。为了考入研究生院，我刻意将自己包装成一名已然有所成就的研究者，而非有待学习的新人，显得能力完备、完全独立。)”可知，作者这么做是迫于家人的期望压力，同时也是为了成功考上研究生院。 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But after starting my Ph. D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers.(但开始攻读博士学位后，我遭遇了接连不断的学业挑战，更不用提作为国际生所要面对的文化冲击和经济压力。我一年级的课程勉强及格，多次申请奖学金均遭拒绝，研究陷入停滞，而同辈们却在陆续发表论文。)”可知，作者刚读博时遇到了学业上的重重困难，同时承受着文化冲击与经济压力，具体表现为课程低分、奖学金申请失败、研究进展停滞。 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。画线句“You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.”是导师说的话，在第三段倒数第二句，结合第四段中的“I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided; the real goal was to learn how to do research and grow.(我意识到一味追求科研产出和突破性项目是走入了误区，读博真正的目标是学习研究方法、实现自身成长。)”可知，导师用这句话点明了研究生阶段的核心是先掌握基础的研究技能，而非一开始就追求开创性的重大成果。 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride.(如今，在我准备组建自己的研究团队之际，我会提醒我的学员：他们的首要任务是学会如何骑车。)”可知，作者在组建自己的研究团队时，会提醒自己的学员首要任务是学习基础的研究技能。 【60题详解】 开放性题目。此题要求回答：如果你在学习中遇到类似的困难，你会怎么做，原因是什么？（不超过25个词）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我遇到学习中的困难时，会主动向师长或经验丰富的前辈坦诚沟通、寻求建议，借助他人的指引调整心态与方法；我也可以放下不切实际的过高期待，接纳自身的不足，专注于基础能力的逐步积累。 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假定你是中学生李华。刚刚度过暑假，不少同学外出旅游。为引导大家理性出游，你校英文报纸面向全体同学征文，邀请同学们就旅游现象发表看法。请你投稿撰文，内容包括： 1.近期旅游热度攀升的原因； 2.旅游过程中存在的部分问题（如不文明行为、安全意识薄弱、过度消费）； 3.你对于旅游的看法与出行建议。 注意： 1.不少于100词； 2.文章开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Nowadays more and more people enjoy traveling with their family during summer holidays. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Nowadays more and more people enjoy traveling with their family during summer holidays. There are several reasons for the rising popularity of travelling. After busy schoolwork, students are eager to relax themselves and broaden their horizons. Besides, convenient transport makes it much easier for people to reach different tourist attractions. However, some problems appear during trips. A few tourists behave rudely, such as littering or damaging historic sites. Some travellers lack safety awareness and ignore warnings. Worse still, many people spend too much money on unnecessary goods. In my opinion, travelling is a great chance to explore the world, but we should travel wisely. We need to mind our manners and put safety first. Before travelling, we had better make a reasonable budget. Only in this way can we enjoy pleasant and meaningful journeys. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给校报写一篇短文投稿，陈述假期旅游热度攀升的原因，分析游览过程中出现的问题，并给出理性出游的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 渴望做某事：be eager to do→be longing to do/be thirsty to do 出现：appear→emerge 安全：safety→security 有意义的：meaningful→rewarding 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：There are several reasons for the rising popularity of travelling. 拓展句：There are several reasons which can account for the rising popularity of travelling. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Only in this way can we enjoy pleasant and meaningful journeys.（运用了“only+状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装） 【高分句型2】Besides, convenient transport makes it much easier for people to reach different tourist attractions.（运用了it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语） 第Ⅲ卷（共20分） 温馨提示：请同学们在填涂答题卡时确认和试卷上的题目序号一致。 听力理解（共15小题；62-66每小题1分，67-76每小题1.5分，满分20分） 第一节 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将拥有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 62. What will the woman do? A. Do the cooking. B. Eat at a restaurant. C. Go to the grocery store. 63. Which month is it now most probably? A. June. B. August. C. September. 64. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Host and guest. C. A couple. 65. Why is the woman going back home earlier today? A. She has an appointment. B. She finished work earlier. C. She lives farther from the office. 66. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hospital. B. At a meeting room. C. At the man’s office. 第二节 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题五秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第67至第69三个小题。 67. What is Alpha mainly about? A. A dog’s journey home. B. A young man’s lonely life. C. Adventures of a man and a wolf. 68. What did Albert Hughes do in the making of the movie? A. He wrote it. B. He directed it. C. He starred in it. 69. What time will the movie begin? A. At 8:00 pm. B. At 7:00 pm. C. At 6:00 pm. 听下面一段对话，回答第70至第72三个小题。 70. How many pictures are included in the first edition of Birds of America? A. 119. B. 183. C. 435. 71. When did a copy sell 7.9 million dollars? A. In 2000. B. In 2010. C. In 2002. 72. What is the man? A. A college students. B. A college teacher. C. A book dealer. 听下面一段对话，回答第73至第76四个小题。 73. What was Sr. Nicholas’ life mission? A. Writing origin tales. B. Solving people’s problems. C. Helping his family live better. 74. Why was that father worried? A. He failed to find St. Nicholas. B. He didn’t have enough money. C. He couldn’t live with his daughters. 75. What did St. Nicholas do after hearing about the family’s trouble? A. He told them what to do. B. He gave them gold face to face. C. He offered them something secretly. 76. What is the passage mainly about? A. A poor family’s lifestyle. B. The meaning of life mission. C. The origin of a Christmas tradition. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $