11 Unit 6 读后续写微技能：1.顺推原则 2.逆推原则 3.协同原则（课件PPT）-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第二册配套课件（北师大版）

读后续写微技能:1.顺推原则2.逆推原则3.协同原则 1 1.顺推原则 读后续写,顾名思义,先读后写。在读懂原文、基本把握故事情节 的基础上,特别要精读故事的结尾部分。因为这一部分既是所给故事 的结局,也为续写故事的开端创设了背景。在完成续写故事之前,首先 要根据原文结尾和续写首段首句来确定上下文的衔接点,比如:时间衔 接、地点衔接、人物关系的衔接,或依靠事件的延续、矛盾的发展等 来衔接。根据确定好的衔接点,快速简单构思首段第二句应表达的信 息点,是要顺承首句、继续推动故事,还是峰回路转、掀起一个小高潮, 或者创设某种悬念,以揭秘的形式来推动故事的发展。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 2 其次,为了保证续写内容与原文的连贯性和一致性,在确定了首段 的故事框架之后,还要认真研读续写第二段首句,找出与第一段故事内 容的逻辑关系,既不能完全脱节,也不能重复上一段的构思。最后敲定 第二段的故事框架和全文基调。 从原文结尾到续写首段首句的衔接点,推理出第一段第二句的信 息,再结合第二段首句进一步推理出整个故事的框架。按照所给素材 的顺序,正向推理故事梗概,确保原文和续写内容在主题、基调、人物 性格、写作手法等方面都高度融合和一致。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 【试题分析】 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇 完整的短文。 A couple of months before I started high school, my parents gave me the greatest gift any teenage boy would ask for: a cellphone. I lived on that phone all summer. I always texted my friends, even at night. And I paid no attention to the people and things around me. Being connected to the Internet was more important than being present. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 4 So, you can imagine my displeasure when I learned what my dad had planned for our family vacation that year. It was not the Disneyland trip or beach vacation that I had been hoping for. “This year,” my dad said, “we'll be doing something special, something I used to do with my dad when I was a kid. We're going camping in the forest!” His excitement was met with a disappointed sigh (失望的叹息), which was my communication style at that age. But he had made the decision and would not change his mind. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: I comforted myself by telling myself that it was still a vacation. I remained uninfluenced when they were busy preparing for the vacation. My mind was on my phone, the texts flying back and forth. I focused on the screen in my hands so much that the first time I looked up was when we drove across a bridge on the trip to our campsite. I looked out of the window and saw a fast-moving river. The air blowing into the car from the open windows was hot 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: and smelt of trees. But that didn't matter to me. The reason why I had looked up was something far more serious and annoying. My phone no longer had service. The signal was weak. During the last hour of the drive, there was no signal at all. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 注意: 续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: My dad explained he had chosen a campsite that had no phone service. ____________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next morning, without checking my phone as usual, I fixed my mind on nature around me. ____________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 8 【解读文本】 根据所给文章末段内容“The reason why I had looked up was something far more serious and annoying. My phone no longer had service. The signal was weak. During the last hour of the drive, there was no signal at all.”可知作者一直在玩手机,直到手机 没有了信号。再结合续写第一段首句“My dad explained he had chosen a campsite that had no phone service.”可知原文和续写第 一段的衔接点应该是手机信号。由此基本拟定续写第一段开头最好 顺承上文,写作者对于这种情况的反应,基调应该是不高兴、烦躁、想 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 9 快速离开这里。在续写第二段首句中,根据关键词the next morning 和fixed my mind on nature可以推理出第二段的大致内容应该着重 写作者的思想变化——不再关注手机,学会欣赏大自然的美,基调是高 兴、欢快。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 【分析文章】 本文以作者收到的礼物——手机为线索展开,讲述了作者在上高 中之前收到了父母送的手机,从此便沉溺于网络世界。这一年的假期 父亲决定去森林里野营,这让作者有点失望。最让作者难以接受的是, 随着车子逐渐接近目的地,作者爱不释手的手机没有了信号。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 11 【梳理脉络】 1.段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“我的父亲解释说他选了一个没有手机服务的野 营地。”可知,第一段可描写作者对于父亲如此安排的反应,再根据续 写第二段首句可知,还可以描写野营第一天的情况。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上,没有再像往常一样查看手机,我把心 思都集中在了我身边的大自然上。”可知,第二段可描写作者逐渐适应 了没有手机的感觉、与大自然亲密接触,以及这次野营带给作者的变化。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 12 2.续写线索:不适应—郁闷—第一天结束—逐渐适应—感受大自然— 变化和感悟。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 13 【参考答案】 My dad explained he had chosen a campsite that had no phone service. I realized my phone would be useless 1._______________________(直到我们回到家里). I would be trapped in the forest for four days with no way to connect myself with the outside world. I went from an unhappy state to anger. However, that couldn't 2.______________________________ _____(使我的手机接收到信号). I 3.____________________ (生气地上床睡觉了) that first night. But when I awoke in the morning, something had changed. until we returned home make my phone receive the signal went to bed angrily 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 14 The next morning, without checking my phone as usual, I fixed my mind on nature around me. My dad and I hiked through the forest, enjoying nature. We went fishing and swimming. I listened to stories of Dad's life. When 4.__________ _______________________(假期结束), I realized I hadn't thought of my phone once. It dawned on me that I needed to 5.__________________________________________________________ ___(珍惜与大自然和生命中重要的人在一起的时刻). With this lesson carried to this day, I regularly pack up the tent and drive until my phone shows words: “No Service”. the vacation came to an end value the moments with nature and the important people in life 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 15 2.逆推原则 读后续写题型要求学生在读完所给故事之后,能根据其内容和所 给两个段落首句的提示,完成一篇和原文从主题、内容到逻辑都一致 的短文。在构思过程中,学生可以根据所给提示句的顺序来正向推理 故事的发展,即根据首段首句确定第一段的大致内容,再根据首段首句 和第二段首句的关系,来推断故事的发展。 这种做法很符合学生的逻辑思维习惯,但有的时候首段首句对第 二段首句并没有很明显的指示作用,无法推断故事的发展方向,或者考 生在短时间内无法找到两段之间的衔接点,这个时候可以尝试采用逆 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 16 推原则——根据第二段首句所给的信息逆推首段尾句应表达的信息 点,或故事的某个细节,再结合所给原文结尾和首段首句所给出的综合 信息,进一步确定第一段的故事框架,丰富故事内容。利用逆推原则,能 够帮助考生尝试逆向思维,构建内容合理、逻辑严密、主题一致的续 写故事,达到意想不到的效果。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 【试题分析】 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成 一篇完整的短文。 I always wonder how people will react if I want a total stranger to help me in a busy place like a street corner or in a crowded station. I personally have always hurried past a stranger who tried to catch my attention in a busy place or when I am rushing around. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 18 Yesterday I was stuck in such a hopeless situation where my only hope of help would have to come from a total stranger. I was in a busy shopping mall (中心) buying a large piece of luggage. After the purchase in one of the large, fancy, expensive shops, I picked up my phone from my pocket to call my driver waiting in the parking lot but my phone was dead. I then requested the shop assistant who had just sold me the luggage, which was not cheap at all, if she could help me 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: telephone my driver. She replied, still all smiles, “I'm sorry, sir, but it is the shop policy that we cannot use mobile phones while working in the shop.” As I was wondering what kind of policy that was, I saw a nice-looking teenage boy coming towards me. Remembering my wife's interesting theory (理论) that beautiful people are more likely to give you a hand when you're in trouble, I thought I might have a chance. But before I could say a word, he walked past me. It turned out that he simply didn't see me. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: I waited a bit longer in the mall but it seemed nobody bothered to look at me. Disappointed and tired, I got out of the shop onto the busy street in front. I stood there with people rushing by, looking at their faces to see if there was a sign of kindness on their faces. I began wondering how many times I had reacted to strangers like the shop girl and the teenager. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 注意: 续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1： At that point I saw a young mother with her two kids.____ ______________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： Finally a man wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans seemed to notice me._______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 22 【解读文本】 从全文内容尤其是结尾句“I began wondering how many times I had reacted to strangers like the shop girl and the teenager.”可以看出,故事是由作者因手机没电了而寻求陌生人的帮助 来展开的。根据首段首句“At that point I saw a young mother with her two kids.”可知,在这一段应该写作者向这位带着两个小孩儿 的妈妈求助的经历,但是并不能得知是否成功。而根据第二段首句的 关键内容finally 和a man wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans 可以得知,作者最终向这位身穿廉价T恤和脏牛仔裤的陌生人求助并获 得成功。由此可以逆推出作者在街上的第一次求助是不顺利的,所以 可以确定第一段的尾句应该是交代这次求助的结果——不成功。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 23 【分析文章】 本文以发生在购物中心的一件偶发事件为线索,讲述了作者在自 己的手机没电了,无法和司机取得联系,因此不得已向陌生人寻求帮助 时,不同的人对于作者的请求的回应。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 24 【梳理脉络】 1.段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“就在那时,我看见了一位带着两个孩子的年 轻母亲。”可知,第一段可描写作者向一位母亲求助的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“终于,一个穿着廉价T恤和脏牛仔裤的男人 似乎注意到了我。”可知,该段可描写作者向一位看似很贫穷的人求助 时遇到的情况。 2.续写线索:向一位母亲求助—被拒绝—继续向一位男子求助—获得 帮助。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 25 【参考答案】 At that point I saw a young mother with her two kids. I thought that a beautiful woman with charming blue eyes must 1.______________________(愿意帮我). So, with great expectations, I walked towards her with an appropriate smile on my face, and requested if she would be kind enough to 2._________________ __________(帮我打个电话). However, without a word, she 3.__________________________________(拉着她的孩子逃离我), as if scared by a murderer. I stood there, hopeless, with a blank face and a sinking heart. be willing to help me make a phone call for me pulled her kids to escape from me 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 26 Finally a man wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans seemed to notice me. I squeezed a smile and requested the same thing. Unexpectedly, he took out his mobile phone for me 4.__________________(毫不犹豫). Dancing in his eyes was the real kindness that I had been struggling to look for so long. From that day on, I began helping strangers in trouble, just like the poor-looking but kind man, 5.____________________________ ________(目的是传递善意) and melting the ice in many people's hearts. without hesitation with the aim of passing kindness 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 27 3.协同原则 读后续写是一种把阅读和写作糅合在一起的半开放式的写作模 式,一种将输入与输出、学习与运用紧密结合的写作过程,一种体现在 语言和内容等方面的创造性的模仿行为。有效的读后续写应产生协 同效应,即输出的语言和内容与原材料的语言和内容协同一致,只有这 样才能实现续写内容和所给文章的高度融合,完美再现“续”写,而不是 “重”写一篇新文章。要想达到这种“协同效应”,学生在续写过程中要遵 循协同原则,具体来讲就是内容协同和语言协同。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 28 内容协同就是要求学生把握原文的故事线索和情节以及人物情绪 变化和矛盾冲突等并在续写中进一步推动故事的发展,呈现丰满的人物 形象,从而保证续写内容与原材料内容衔接得当,逻辑合理,主题一致。 语言协同要求学生在语言输入环节认真分析文本语言,发掘多样 化语言结构,如非谓语、从句、倒装句、副词、介词短语等,关注原文 的写作手法,如动作、外貌等细节描写,喜、怒、哀、乐等神态描写,并 在续写输出中模仿原文的写作手法和语言特色,使文字表达更加丰富、 地道,续写故事内容更加完整连贯,同时升华文章的主题。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 【试题分析】 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成 一篇完整的短文。 “Ladies and gentlemen, a star is born!” Rob and Anne turned to look at Barney in surprise. “Our teacher gave me the main part in our school play!” Barney explained. “Oh, that's great,” I said. “Who will you be playing?” “The Easter Bunny of course!” he answered. “Do you think you could make me a costume (服装), mum?” “Of course I could.” 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 30 I made great progress on the costume on his first rehearsal (排练) day. “Mum, you're spending so much time on the costume,” Barney said. “Are you sure you don't mind?” “No, not at all!” I said. Barney looked a little bit uncomfortable. “Is everything OK?” I asked. “Well, I'm just not sure whether you will be able to come,” he said. I told him, “Of course we're coming to watch.” Over the next few days I kept working on the costume. “Barney will be so happy, mum,” said Anne one afternoon. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: Barney was watching from the doorway and his face turned red. I did think at the time that he was acting very strangely. But perhaps he had a little bit of stage fear. Then the big day was coming. Rob, Anne and I were really looking forward to Barney's performance. After a couple of minutes he walked onto the stage. “I am the Easter Bunny!” he said loudly. He disappeared and the rest of the children sang a song. The play began. Rob, Anne and I waited for Barney to appear again. But soon it was all over. “He only had one line (台词)!” said Anne. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 注意: 续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: After the performance, we went straight to find Barney.____ _______________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Instead of being annoyed with the poor boy after knowing the truth, I patted him gently._______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 33 【解读文本】 原文采用叙事的手法,通过Barney和妈妈的对话,以及对Barney参 加表演前后的各种动作、神态的变化描写,把一个即将要出演学校话 剧的小男孩和他的家人对他的关心、期待表现得淋漓尽致。在原文 中可以找到很多表示主人公动作和情绪变化的词汇和句子,如:“…look at Barney in surprise.”“Barney looked a little bit uncomfortable.”“…his face turned red.” “…looking forward to Barney's performance.”等。为了与原文在写作手法等方面尽量保持 一致,依据协同原则,续写中也应该继续以对话形式和动作、神态、心 理等细节描写来展现Barney和家人的情绪变化与矛盾冲突。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 34 另外,在原文中也出现了非谓语、宾语从句、强调等复杂表达和 句式,在续写中也要本着协同原则进行创造性模仿,采用多样化语言结 构,进一步推动故事的发展并升华主题。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 【分析文章】 本文讲述了Barney告诉家人他将要担任学校话剧的主演,他以为 自己将要成为明星。妈妈在得知这个消息后,倾尽全力帮儿子缝制戏 服。在演出当天,大家满怀期待地来观看Barney的表演,却发现他只有 一句台词。Barney感到非常抱歉,大家却安慰了他,并鼓励他坚持梦想。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 36 【梳理脉络】 1.段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“演出结束后,我们直接去找Barney。”可知, 第一段可描写一行人在观演完毕之后前往后台去找Barney。 ②由第二段首句内容“知道真相后,我没有生这个可怜的男孩的气, 而是轻轻地拍了拍他。”可知,第二段可描写母亲在了解情况之后对 Barney进行鼓励,并希望他能够坚持自己的梦想。 2.续写线索:找到Barney—Barney解释情况—给予安慰—鼓励Barney— 取得成功。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 37 【参考答案】 After the performance, we went straight to find Barney. 1.____________________(没有费多大力气) we spotted the star himself sitting quietly in a corner. “Barney, you amazed us all! What a perfect performance! We are 2.______________ (以你为傲)!” So surprised and unexpected was Barney that he just couldn't control himself anymore. “Sorry, mum. You put so much time into my costume at home but I only had one line on the stage.” With his head nearly buried into his chest and 3.____________________(眼里含着泪), Barney was seemingly waiting for my severe scolding. With no great effort proud of you eyes filled with tears 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 38 Instead of being annoyed with the poor boy after knowing the truth, I patted him gently. “That doesn't matter, my fantastic star! What an unforgettable experience for you, and for me!” Hearing my words, Barney felt comforted and 4._______________ ___________________(下定决心要更加努力训练) to get the main part the next year. Day by day, he spared no effort to rehearse again and again. Then 5._________________________________ (学校演出的日子来到了) when we were so delighted to appreciate a wonderful performance given by the real star! made up his mind to train harder came the school performance day 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 读后续写微技能: 39 $