专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）In today’s world, many young people spend a lot of time on screens. They watch videos, play games, and chat with friends on their phones or computers. While technology is useful, too much screen time can be bad for both physical and mental health. Firstly, looking at screens for a long time can hurt your eyes and make it difficult to sleep well at night. The light from screens tricks your brain into thinking it is still daytime. Secondly, when you are sitting and watching a screen, you are not moving your body. This may lead to weight gain and other health problems. Thirdly, spending too much time in the online world can sometimes make people feel lonely or anxious in the real world. So, what is a healthy amount of screen time? Doctors suggest that young people should have no more than two hours of screen time for fun each day. It is important to take breaks, like the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Try to find other activities you enjoy, such as reading a book, playing a sport, or talking face-to-face with family and friends. Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life. 1.How can screen light affect sleep? A. It makes people dream more. B. It makes the brain think it’s daytime. C. It makes people feel too tired to sleep. D. It makes the room too bright. 2.What is the 20-20-20 rule? A. Spend 20 minutes online and 20 minutes offline every day. B. Play games for 20 minutes and then rest for 20 seconds. C. Every 20 minutes, look into the distance for 20 seconds. D. Only watch videos that are 20 minutes long. 3.What does the author suggest young people do? A. Use technology as much as they want. B. Spend more time on outdoor activities. C. Only use computers for studying. D. Balance screen time with other activities. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards screen time? A. It is completely harmful. B. It should be strictly controlled. C. It is necessary but needs to be managed. D. It is more important than other activities. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·辽宁七校协作体·期中）Twenty-five years ago, most young Britons wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or, if they were creative enough, to take up singing. But today, things stand different. According to a survey by a UK company, the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger”. The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as many as 40 percent of them put vloggers as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers. This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media. They have made it so much easier to reach audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way. In the past, the biggest stars were trained by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera can become a star. Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life. However, what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they fail to notice the fact that only those who are successful earn fame and fortune. For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that remain dreams forever. Although being vloggers is popular, some young people choose to follow careers that don’t necessarily earn them fame, but that allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies. Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. It’s an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races. His job allows him to express his enthusiasm, and is always a learning experience. And that’s enough for him. 1.Why do more and more young Britons choose to be vloggers? A. Vloggers can earn greater fame and more money on the Internet. B. There is too much competition in the traditional show business. C. The Internet makes it convenient to enter show business. D. Anyone with a computer will surely become a star. 2.What can we infer from the fifth paragraph? A. Only a few vloggers can be successful. B. A vlogger cannot earn fame or fortune. C. Being a vlogger is not a good career. D. Dreams will come true one day. 3.What do some young people like David do on the Internet? A. Learn from others. B. Become an online hit. C. Hold running races. D. Mix jobs with hobbies. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. Most young Britons choose to be vloggers as their jobs based on their hobbies. B. The Internet is influencing young Britons’ career choice. C. The Internet is taking the place of traditional studios. D. Young Britons cannot find jobs without the Internet. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in Britain. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV programmes show people how to DIY. English people like DIY. There is a saying in Britain, “An Englishman’s home is his castle”. A large number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”. If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experience with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn (经济衰退) at present, many people cannot afford a big house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to get together themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions (操作指南). Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions (意图), many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in Britain, including 41,000 who fell off ladders. Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼). Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. 1.What is the meaning of DIY? A. Do some shopping. B. Play a game. C. Play a joke. D. Do it yourself. 2.How do many English people spend their holidays according to the passage? A. Making their homes beautiful. B. Visiting their friends. C. Travelling all over the world. D. Making a lot of money. 3.Why do English people like DIY? A. Many stores sell DIY things. B. DIY can bring them fun. C. TV programmes teach them to DIY. D. All DIY projects are easy. 4.In the passage, “we bite off more than we can chew” probably means . A. We can eat everything we like. B. We should do something difficult. C. We do something that is too difficult. D. We eat too much food that is not safe. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）A new study shows that the average size of trees in the Amazon rainforest has been increasing as carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have risen, meaning these larger trees play a more important role in determining whether the forest can remain a carbon sink that stores CO2. Until now, how forests will react to a changing climate (气候) is an open question. For example, one hypothesis (假说) is that larger trees will fall in number because they are more subject to climate-related events. Understanding this is important for models of the future climate, as forests play a major role in taking up huge amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere, locking it away to slow global (全球的) warming. Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, a researcher from the University of Cambridge, and her coworkers, have been measuring the size of trees in 188 plots with an average area of 12,000 square metres across the Amazon basin for up to 30 years. During that time, CO2 levels in the atmosphere have risen by nearly a fifth. “What we’re following is a given area in the forest and the average tree size there is bigger, meaning that the trees can store more carbon in that space than they could in the past,” says Esquivel-Muelbert. Normally, the average size of trees in a healthy forest would remain the same, as young trees take the place of fallen big trees and grow. However, the researchers believe that the increase in CO2 has allowed larger trees to grow more quickly. This means that large trees now play a key role in carbon storage, and losing them would have a marked impact on the forest’s ability to lock up CO2. “The important finding is that CO2 has been increasing tree growth, and in many ways that is reassuring, because wood is a significant carbon sink,” says Peter Etchells at Durham University, UK. “However, we need to continue studying how trees react to both CO2 and other environmental changes to better understand the future of our forests.” 1.How do rising CO2 levels affect the trees in the Amazon according to the new study? A. They grow more rapidly. B. They remain the same size. C. They see a fall in number. D. They cause global warming 2.What might happen if large trees were lost from the Amazon rainforest? A. Carbon storage would rise markedly. B. The forest would store less CO2. C. Young trees would be badly impacted. D. Climate-related events would end. 3.What does the underlined word “reassuring” in the last paragraph mean? A. Plain. B. Informal. C. Confusing. D. Comforting. 4.What does Peter Etchells suggest? A. Applying the result into practice. B. Carrying out further research. C. Updating the local environment. D. Planting trees in the Amazon. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·辽宁重点高中沈阳市郊联体·期中）Chickens can communicate with each other in many ways. They use body language such as showing off their feathers, but their less expressive faces might cause people not to notice their feelings, says backyard chicken expert Tove Danovich. “In fact, they are very expressive in other ways.” Primarily, they use their loud and unique voices. Tove Danovich and her team wondered if humans were able to pick up on the basic information of chicken well-being from sound alone. They experimented with nearly 200 participants from around the world for an online survey. Each participant listened to 16 types of hen sounds, including fast clucks (咯咯声) and food calls that show excitement, as well as low calls that show negative emotions (情绪). Researchers were surprised to find that 69 percent of all participants could tell if a chicken sounded excited or displeased, regardless of their earlier knowledge of chickens. It is worth mentioning that some participants had never been around chickens before. They also found that older participants were more likely to think the chicken sound was a happy one when it was actually sad. “Honestly, it makes a lot of sense to me,” Danovich says. “We think of animals as being so different from humans, but we are just another species (物种).” Different species of birds are able to pick up on each other’s alarm calls, and other animals-including humans-can pick up on signs of danger or unhappiness in other species. “I think it’s really beneficial for animals to be able to pick up on alarm calls from the other living things around us,” she says. “And just because we think of ourselves as being very separate from the rest of the nonhuman world, it really doesn’t mean that we are.” Researchers pointed out that another understanding of chicken well-being adds to the practice of friendlier animal farming. Danovich says that studies like this remind us that chickens are just like every other species around us. Staying connected to her own backyard chickens allows Danovich to pick up on an individual chicken’s excited and mad songs, making her a better caretaker. 1.How did the researchers test participants’ ability to understand chickens? A. By watching how they behave with chickens. B. By having them describe chickens’ body language. C. By asking them to recognize different chicken voices. D. By testing their knowledge of chicken communication. 2.What greatly influenced the participants’ judgments? A. Familiarity with chickens. B. The number of chickens. C. Personal emotions. D. Age differences. 3.What does Tove Danovich mainly want to express in paragraph 4? A. Animals rely highly on sight to notice danger. B. Animals have unique methods to express discomfort. C. Humans can train animals to understand other species. D. Humans share understandings of animal warning signs. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Explore human-chicken communication B. Connect chicken sounds with their feelings C. Improve methods of training farm animals D. Keep the natural balance of the animal world. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）A new study suggests that cats can even learn to make a connection between the words we use for objects or images (影像),and they pick this up faster than our own babies do. Previous (以前的) research has shown cats can follow human pointing, and they understand who is on their team, who they can trust, and who decides to give them food. We also know they can recognize their own names. Cats can even learn the names of cats and people they know. “I was very surprised, because that meant cats were able to listen to people’s conversations without them knowing and understand words without any special training,” says Saho Takagi, a scientist at Azabu University and member of the 2022 study. She wondered: Do cats have a natural ability to learn human language? To find out, the team gave a word test to 31 adult pet cats, by putting each one in front of a laptop showing two short cartoon animations (动画), while an audio track (音轨) of the cat’s caregiver saying a made-up word was played. Most cats were used to the pairing after four tests. When the cats were tired of this, they were given a break before the next round, in which the images and audio were played four more times, with a slight change: half the images had the ‘wrong’ audio. The cats showed signs of confusion when they noticed a mismatch, spending 33 percent more time looking at the screen when this happened. “Some cats even looked fixedly at the screen during the changed condition,” Takagi told Science. “Cats pay attention to what we say in everyday life—and try to understand us—more than we realize.” While these experiments suggest cats might be able to make a connection between human words and images even faster than human babies do, there are a few key differences between the 1990s experiment on babies and this new study. The babies, for example, were only given words spoken by a stranger. The cats, on the other hand, heard words spoken by their own caregivers. According to the authors, further research into whether these abilities are shared or unique could help us understand communication across different species (物种). 1.What surprised Takagi about cats according to paragraph 3? A. Their recognition of their own names. B. Their untrained word understanding ability. C. Their great communication skills. D. Their ability to follow human pointing. 2.Why did the Takagi’s team conduct the word test? A. To study cats’ preferences. B. To improve cats’ skills. C. To test cats’ language abilities. D. To show cats’ behavior 3.What did the cats do when they heard mismatched audio? A. They ignored the mismatch. B. They watched the screen longer. C. They slept through the test D. They looked around quickly. 4.What could further research help us do? A. Change the performance of cats B. Improve communication skills. C. Focus on the caregivers’ words. D. Understand cross-species communication. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）Adolescence (青春期) is an important period for forming identity and learning to manage emotions. However, many young people express inner troubles not through sadness, but through anger, silence, or misbehavior. This makes helping them particularly challenging. The teenage brain develops in a way that explains much of this behavior. The part handling emotions grows earlier than the part responsible for clear thinking and decision-making. This mismatch often leads teens to react with feelings first, not logic. What looks like anger is often a cover for deeper issues—anxiety, fear, or feeling worthless. Similarly, pulling away usually doesn’t mean they don’t care; it may mean they feel overwhelmed. Teens who can’t manage emotions well often act out through aggression (攻击) or breaking rules. Seeing these actions as calls for help is the first step toward offering real support. Good communication is key when a young person is struggling silently. Active listening — giving full attention, understanding, replying, and remembering what is said — makes a big difference. It helps to accept their feelings even when their behavior is off track. Saying something like, “You seem really upset right now,” can calm the situation and start a conversation. Feeling emotionally safe is essential. Young people talk more openly when they feel accepted, not criticized. Clear rules also build trust and security by making life more predictable. Research confirms that a parenting style that is both firm and warm best supports teen well-being. Besides support from others, teens need their own tools to handle difficulties. Simple techniques, like focusing on what they can see or touch, can help manage strong emotions. Writing in a journal or thinking quietly about their feelings helps teens understand what upsets them. Making choices based on personal values gives direction and builds confidence. These methods help teens face challenges with greater awareness and courage, leading themselves well even through hard times. In summary, helping troubled teens requires looking beyond surface behavior. By recognizing unspoken signals, listening without judgment, and teaching inner strength, both young people and their caregivers can build greater trust and enable meaningful growth. 1.What causes teenagers to react emotionally to situations? A. All brain areas develop at the same pace. B. Logic skills develop before emotions. C. Brain development is complete by age 15. D. Emotions develop faster than reasoning. 2.What can be inferred about teenagers’ anger or silence? A. They usually keep their negative feelings to themselves. B. Silence means teens don’t care about the people around them. C. These behaviors are mainly caused by their dislike of family rules. D. Teens with such behaviors often refuse any form of help from others. 3.Creating an emotionally safe environment helps teenagers to ______. A. rely on their parents for support B. express their thoughts more frankly C. avoid experiencing strong emotions D. focus more on their academic performance 4.According to paragraph 6, why should teens learn these techniques? A. Because it can ensure their decisions are based on logic. B. Because it can reduce their dependence on external support. C. Because it can equip them with skills for dealing with problems. D. Because it can improve their communication with parents and friends. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）Over the past 20 years, more and more research has pointed to quality social relationships as being a major determinant of both physical and mental (身心的) health over time. In one well-known study, researchers found that feeling lonely for a long time can be even more dangerous than smoking 15 cigarettes a day. The reasons behind this connection are still not entirely clear. And first and foremost is the problem of correlation (关联) versus causation. Most studies on social connections and health are observational, meaning they can only show that two things happen together, not necessarily that one causes the other. For example, people with health problems may have poorer social relationships, but it’s also possible that new variables at play influence both social relationships and physical health. Despite this, it’s likely that social relationships can help protect and improve physical health. One idea being studied is the effect of social connections on inflammation (炎症). New research, published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, shows a strong connection between social relationships and biological markers like inflammation and, in fact, the aging process itself. In this study, characteristics of more than 2,000 middle-aged adults in the United States were observed. The researchers used a measure called Cumulative Social Advantage (CSA), which looks at a person’s level of social support in areas like family, communities, and emotional support. It turns out that there was a significant correlation between CSA and biological aging: The higher the social advantage, the slower the aging, and the lower the inflammation. Although this is still a correlational study and can’t prove cause and effect, it points to the idea that strong social relationships might lead to better physical health. People with good social connections might have lower blood pressure, stronger immune systems, and better overall health. This study further supports the idea that building and maintaining friendships is just as important as eating well and exercising for a healthy life. 1.What can be inferred about lonely individuals according to the text? A. They tend to do workouts regularly. B. They may experience higher health risks. C. They can easily fall into a bad habit. D. They are more likely to lead a healthy life 2.Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the challenges facing researchers. B. To argue that smoking is worse than loneliness. C. To explain how loneliness directly affects aging. D. To suggest that health problems cause loneliness. 3.What does the recent study find about CSA? A. It develops based on our intelligence. B. It has a side effect on people’s character. C. It might be connected to one’s aging. D. It measures the level of social media use. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Friendships are More Important Than Exercise B. Your Health is a Reflection of Your Personality C. Strong Social Ties May Improve Overall Health D. Family Support Greatly Impacts on Mental Health 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）In a remarkable engineering achievement, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, now officially the world’s tallest bridge, has opened to traffic in the mountainous province of Guizhou, southwest China. Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the bridge deck stands twice as high as the Eiffel Tower and nearly nine times the height of San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge. This bridge stretches 2,890 meters in total length across the deep Huajiang Grand Canyon, which is often referred to as the “Earth’s crack”. Its main span of 1,420 meters also makes it the world’s largest spanning bridge built in a mountainous area. The bridge slashes the travel time between the two sides of the canyon from two hours to just two minutes, significantly improving local connectivity. The construction of the bridge, which began in 2022 and was completed in September 2025, is a testament to China’s advanced infrastructure (基础设施) capabilities. To ensure its structural safety, engineers conducted a final load test before its opening. In this important test,96 trucks, weighing a total of about 3,300 tons, were driven onto the bridge in groups. To overcome challenges posed by complex geological conditions, and strong winds in the canyon, engineers employed innovative (创新的) technologies. The project successfully secured 21 authorized patents (专利), with its technical advances contributing to national standards for future bridge construction. Guizhou Province, is already home to over 30,000 bridges. The previous record holder for the world’s tallest bridge, the Beipanjiang Bridge (565 meters high), is also in Guizhou and lies just about 60 km away from the new bridge. More than just a transportation link, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is expected to be a boost for regional economic development. By reducing travel time, it will promote trade and tourism. The bridge is also planned to combine with cultural tourism, featuring attractions like a cloud-top café and potentially a 625-meter bungee jump, making it a new landmark that combines infrastructure with sightseeing. 1.What does the underlined word “slashes” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Greatly reduces. B. Slightly adjusts. C. Carefully calculates. D. Accurately maintains. 2.According to the passage, the load test was conducted to______. A. test the bridge’s safety B. celebrate the completion C. show the bridge’s quality D. overcome challenges 3.Which aspect of the bridge project is emphasized as particularly innovative? A. Its focus on environmental protection. B. Its technical advances earning patents. C. Its use of traditional building methods. D. Its use of local construction materials. 4.What can we infer about the bridge’s significance? A. It is mainly a tourist attraction. B. It will replace other bridges in Guizhou. C. It serves both practical and economic purposes. D. Its technical innovations are its most important feature. 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·辽宁重点高中沈阳市郊联体·期中）Social relationships are considered important for human happiness, but it is common that many of us lose touch with friends and family that we were once close to. As old friends who had reconnected, Professor Lara Aknin and Dr. Gillian Sandstrom wanted to find out what stops other people from doing the same. Sandstrom said, “We live in a time when people have fewer close friends.” The researchers looked at the attitudes of almost 2,500 participants to reconnect with old friends, the barriers (阻碍) and the reasons for doing so. “We found that 90% of the participants had lost touch with someone they still cared about. Yet, 70% were neutral (中立的), or even negative, about the idea of getting back in touch at that moment, even when they felt warm about the friendship,” said Aknin. The researchers also studied how many people were willing to actually reach out to an old friend. Even when participants wanted to reconnect, thought the friend would be thankful, had their contact information, and were given time to write and send a message, only about a third actually sent it. The top reported barriers included fears that one’s old friend might not want to hear from them, and that it would be “too uncomfortable after all this time” and feeling “ashamed”. Being too busy — both the old friend and the participant — was the lowest reported reason for not reaching out. Notably, the researchers found that participants believed there were only a few compelling reasons for getting in touch, with the friend’s birthday reported as the most acceptable. Reconnecting over the memory of a shared experience was the second most reported reason. Participants were least likely to consider getting in touch with an old friend to ask them for help. As part of the research, the researchers tested certain methods. They found that starting by practicing social connection with present networks was the most successful method. It increased reach-out rates by over two thirds. With this practice, they were much more likely to progress towards messaging someone they had lost touch with. 1.What did the researchers aim to study? A. Ways to have more close friends. B. Secrets to gaining human happiness. C. Challenges in renewing old friendships. D. Reasons for shorter modern friendships. 2.How did most participants find regaining old friendships? A. They saw it as popular. B. They required support for it. C. They considered it quite simple. D. They had mixed feelings about it. 3.What is the biggest trouble with people’s contacting old friends? A. Worry about being refused. B. Loss of past shared memories. C. Pressure from busy schedules. D. Fear of hurting present friends. 4.What does the underlined word “compelling” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Funny. B. Surprising. C. Powerful. D. Noticeable. 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·辽宁七校协作体·期中）What will restaurants look like in the future? What would your dinner taste like if a robot cooked it? A robot restaurant in Tianjin may give you the answers. Covering an area of over 400 square meters with a total of 112 seats, the X Future Restaurant is a robot restaurant opened in November 2018. The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated (全自动的) technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment. Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning (扫描) the QR codes on the table. There are over 40 choices of dishes. After taking the order, “robot cooks” prepare dishes using fixed time, temperature and ingredients designed by famous Chinese cooks. “As the cooking is controlled by a computer system, the taste and quality of dishes can be good,” said Li Xiaokui, manager of the X Future Restaurant. Robots also complete the delivery of dishes. Without following any designed route, the robot waiters serve meals thanks to automated driving technology, which helps each robot timely change its route when something is in the way. These eye-catching technologies have received wide praise from customers. “The dishes taste surprisingly good. I couldn’t believe that they were made by robots, especially dishes that were difficult to cook” one customer said. “The application of robots has increased our efficiency (效率) and cut down our costs,” Li said, “I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future.” 1.What do we know about the X Future Restaurant? A. It covers over 112 square meters with 400 seats. B. Robot waiters deliver dishes following fixed routes. C. Customers could enjoy fully-automated services. D. Robot cooks design dishes by themselves. 2.The dishes in the X Future Restaurant are _________. A. prepared by human cooks B. ordered by scanning QR codes C. not accepted by customers D. not easy for robots to prepare 3.What is Li’s attitude toward the future of robot restaurants? A. Hopeful. B. Doubtful. C. Puzzled. D. Worried 4.What is the best title for this text? A. Robots Are Helpful in Many Restaurants. B. Robots Cook Delicious Dishes like Humans. C. A Robot Restaurant Was Opened in Tianjin. D. The X Future Restaurant Has Become Popular. 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽西部分高中协作体·期中）You have two basic types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Things you see or hear first enter your short-term memory. Very little of this information passes on into your long-term memory. Does this mean you have a bad memory? Not at all. Your short-term memory has a certain job. Its job is to store information for a few seconds only. Your short-term memory is at work when you look up a phone number, call the number, and then forget it. You remembered the number just long enough to use it. Then it disappeared from your memory. That’s really a good thing. Imagine if your memory held every number, every face, and every word you ever knew! However, some information is important to remember for a longer time. Then it must pass from short-term to long-term memory. Sometimes we tell ourselves to remember something. We might also practice it: “OK, don’t forget: 555-1212, 555-1212.” Usually, we don’t even think about it. Our brain makes the decision for us. It decides to store the information or let it go. The brain seems to make the decision by asking two questions: Does the information affect our emotions? That is, does it make us happy, sad, excited, or upset? Does the information concern something we already know, so our brain can store it with something already there? An answer of “Yes” means that the new information enters long-term memory. That means the brain creates new connections among brain cells. Information disappears when connections among brain cells become weak. They get weak if time passes and the connections are not used. That’s why it is good to read your lecture notes soon after the class. To keep the memory of something strong, think of it often. For example, look at those lecture notes the next day. Look at them the day after that, too. Every time you think about something, the connections in the brain get stronger. Then it is easier to remember the information when you need it. 1.When is your short-term memory at work? A. You look up an important phone number and repeat it again and again. B. You read English words every morning. C. What you’ve learned is reviewed after class. D. The impression of a stranger soon disappears after you meet with him/ her. 2.What information enters long-term memory according to the passage? A. Information concerning something unfamiliar. B. Information affecting our emotions. C. Information creating brain cells. D. Information reaching you first. 3.How can we keep the long-term memory of lecture notes strong? A. By remembering them for a long time for only once. B. By looking at them after months. C. By referring to them regularly. D. By putting them away after class. 4.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A popular magazine. B. A science fiction. C. A news story. D. A book review. 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）A quarrel (争吵) at home may result in you falling ill. Don’t laugh — it’s true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaoyu, Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put her into a coma. It is because she has depression (抑郁), caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained. “We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves,” says Dr. Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family relationships may explain about 25% of health problems in his recent research. The genes (基因) you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected (影响) may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Food, lifestyle and environment influence our health, too. Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they get little attention from their parents, they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as a single person’s problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big effects, Ferrer said. 1.Why did Wang Xiaoyu faint in class? A. Because her classmates had hit her. B. Because she shouted to her classmates aloud. C. Because her schoolwork was too hard for her. D. Because a serious quarrel broke out in her class. 2.The underlined word “coma” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. excitement B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness 3.Which of the following might Dr. Ferrer agree with? A. We get sick or stay well by ourselves. B. What we eat doesn’t matter much to our health. C. Teenagers need enough attention from parents to keep healthy. D. Only the genes we get from parents decide our health condition. 4.What does the author want to tell us in the passage? A. We can’t avoid getting sick. B. Happy families keep us healthy. C. Health is important to everyone. D. We should get on well with others. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）Language lets us share our feelings, make connections, and even hand down family traditions like recipes and songs from generation to generation. But what about family members who don’t speak the same language? A “mother language” is defined as the first language that a child learns at home. So you’d think that means your mother language is by default your strongest, most comfortable language, right? Wrong. While you might think learning a language is like riding a bicycle, something you never forget how to do, it’s easy to lose language fluency without practice. Studies show that people who learn a heritage language (that is, one connected to their family history, whether they grew up speaking it or not) experience improved self-esteem (自尊) and safety in their identities (身份). Researchers also mention that reconnecting with and understanding the family history and community is the driving force behind heritage language learning. Relearning a mother language or trying out a heritage language as a beginner might feel overwhelming at first, but the results can be incredibly rewarding. Jenny Liao’s article, Forgetting My First Language, details how her Cantonese slowly became rusty (荒疏的) after years of living away from home. Eventually, weekly phone calls with her parents only became possible through translation apps. The inability to communicate fluently had made their relationship shallow. Resolving to close these gaps, Liao threw herself into practicing Cantonese. She forced herself into uncomfortable Cantonese conversations whenever possible in stores and restaurants. Before long, she found she could have deeper conversations with her parents. Their relationship grew closer, even though her Cantonese only improved moderately. It’s a demonstration of the impressive power of language to bring families together. Learning or relearning a heritage language can sound pretty intimidating at first. But the hard work invested proves to be rewarding and worthwhile. What could be a stronger personal connection than the connection with family heritage? 1.What is the author’s attitude to the thought “mother language is the strongest”? A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Concerned. D. Opposite. 2.What is the advantage of learning a heritage language according to studies? A. Improved job skills. B. Heightened sense of belonging. C. Sharpened communication skills. D. Broadened understanding of different opinions. 3.How is paragraph 4 developed? A. By analyzing the cause. B. By offering an example. C. By making a comparison. D. By explaining the data. 4.Which can replace the underlined word “intimidating” in the last paragraph? A. Confusing. B. Surprising. C. Frightening. D. Relaxing. 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·辽宁点石·期中）In Finland, it’s a basic duty for the government to provide the public with sporting possibilities. That thinking started in the 1970s, when the government built gyms in even the smallest towns. Now, there are about 30,000 sports facilities (设施) across the country. Walkways and bike tracks move through the cities. Public swimming pools are everywhere. Here you can just step out of your door and do sports. Finns do just that. Half of women and a third of men bike to work. About a fifth of the country belongs to sports clubs. Some people even play sports at work. For example, every Wednesday morning, a group of scientists at the University of Jyväskylä leave their desks to play “futsal”, an indoor form of soccer, in a gym across the street. It’s one of the most popular team sports in the country, along with floor ball and Finnish baseball. A nearby chocolate factory has a gym and offers classes like boxing and badminton. “Employers (雇主) started to encourage sports participation (参与) about a century ago in the forestry industry,” says Hanna Vehmas, a sports scientist at the University of Jyväskylä. “Today, 90% of employers support their workers' physical activities in some way. Each year, they spend about $220 per worker for physical activities.” “We have a lot of research showing that spending money on workers’ well-being will bring back as much as six times the money spent,” says Vehmas.“Because healthy workers do better work. They also don’t have as many sick days. And staying fit, especially by playing sports together, could help build company loyalty (忠诚) which is actually even more important than the health side.” Physically active people also save the health care system a lot of money. Data from the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs & Health shows that people who bike and walk save the health care system as much as $5.5 billion each year. 1.Why are the scientists at the University of Jyväskylä mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To tell the acceptance of a special sport. B. To give the reasons of joining sports clubs. C. To show the popularity of sports facilities. D. To call for more public participation in sports. 2.When did the forestry industry start to encourage sports participation? A. About 50 years ago. B. About 60 years ago. C. About 80 years ago. D. About 100 years ago. 3.What does Hanna Vehmas say about the effort for workers’ physical well-being? A. It is a waste of money. B. It brings in various benefits. C. It takes too much time. D. It cuts workers’ productivity. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. How Can Finns Make Sports Part of Daily Life? B. Why Does Finland Have So Many Sports Facilities? C. How Has Finland Become the Healthiest Country? D. Why Do Employers in Finland Spend on Sports? 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽西部分高中协作体·期中）Each year, people buy millions of aquarium (水族箱) fish. Most of the fish species have a natural life span of at least several years. Some of them can live up to a decade or more in the wild. But somehow most of the fish died within weeks or even within hours after you had bought there. For sure, fish are weak creatures compared to us. It does not mean they died for no reason at all. Since fish have no body heat, they are sensitive to sudden changes in water temperature. Water pH and water hardness can also affect them if there is a sudden change. Most of the quick deaths of fish are due to shock. Tap water is not a perfect choice for aquarium fish because of the chlorine (氯) in the tap water, which can kill the fish. So the best way is to just put the tap water in the sun for a few days. Fish need oxygen in the water. They will die if the oxygen in the aquarium runs out. Several things can cause it to happen. The aquarium is too small, that is, less water means less oxygen. The aquarium is too crowded, for the more fish you have, the more oxygen they need. The temperature is too high, because the higher the water temperature, the less dissolved oxygen. Overfeeding the fish can cause a digestive (消化的) problem and kill the fish directly. More food than it is needed can also cause water pollution and create more harmful waste which will kill the fish too. Feed the fish only once a day, with no more food than they can eat in less than a minute. In this case, less is better. 1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To make the article interesting. B. To bring forward the topic. C. To state some facts about aquarium fish D. To provide some advice for the readers. 2.Why are fish sensitive to the sudden changes of water temperature? A. Because they are warm- blooded. B. Because they are very weak. C. Because they live in the water. D. Because they have no body heat. 3.What’s the purpose of putting tap water in the sun? A. To warm the water. B. To let out the chlorine. C. To kill the viruses. D. To make the water clear. 4.What can be inferred about aquarium fish? A. They prefer high water temperature. B. They live longer in the small aquarium. C. They can cause serious water pollution. D. They should be fed according to their need. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·辽宁县域重点高中·期中）Researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) and brain scanning (扫描) technology to study the brain activity of students with math learning disabilities. This research aims to better understand the neurological (神经系统的) reasons behind these challenges, which affect one in five students in the United States. The study built on years of research into how learning disabilities affect children’s brains. By using new AI tools, the team was able to explore these problems in greater detail. The study created “digital twins” — AI models that copy the brain activity of real students as they solve math problems. The researchers tested 45 students, aged 7 to 9, including 21 with math learning disabilities. While the students solved basic addition and subtraction (减法) problems, their brain activity was tracked by a brain scanning machine. The AI models, or “digital twins”, were then trained to copy the students’ answers and brain activity. The results were surprising. It turned out that the problem wasn’t too little brain activity, as many had thought, but too much. The students with learning disabilities showed signs of too much excitement in brain areas connected to math. The digital twins showed the same patterns, which means that too much neural activity could cause confusion in solving math problems. The study suggests that students with learning disabilities may need more training to better their performance. The researchers hope that their “digital twins” can be used to create personalized learning plans for students, helping to design more effective educational programs. However, a researcher said that we cannot overread the results. The model needs refinement. There is more work to do, but it does point in some promising new directions for further research. “The study makes us have a system to test targeted strategies before trying them in real classrooms,” Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford, said. “That can speed up the ability to design effective educational programs and make real progress for kids with math learning disabilities.” 1.What is the purpose of the Stanford University study? A. To change the existing education system. B. To teach students better math learning methods. C. To raise solutions to challenges facing teachers. D. To find out the neurological causes of math learning disabilities. 2.What were the students asked to do during the experiment? A. Design an AI model. B. Join a math club together. C. Take notes about math. D. Work out math problems. 3.What does the underlined word “refinement” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Comments. B. Invention. C. Improvement. D. Responsibilities. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study? A. Its wide use. B. Its positive effects. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its difficulties. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·辽宁县域重点高中·期中）On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet? Foraging can create a deep connection to nature. Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land, and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging. Foraging is the oldest way of getting food and is becoming very popular again. It is common among people who care about the environment and want to avoid pesticides and industrial food systems. However, its popularity has led to rules in some US national parks to limit how much people can gather. The effect of foraging on the environment is complicated. Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much. Sustainable foraging means taking only small amounts for yourself. But Dan Scott admits that if thousands of people foraged on the beach, it would not be sustainable. Health risks are another important thing to think about. Sivarajah warns that plants in cities can absorb harmful metals from car pollution. Seaweed has high levels of substances like arsenic and lead. The biggest danger, however, comes from picking the wrong thing. For example, he is very clear that looking for mushrooms needs learning from an expert, not just books, because deadly poisonous types exist. His advice is joining a group and learning from experienced people. 1.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By answering some questions. C. Through a brief comparison. D. Through a personal experience. 2.What is Dan Scott’s attitude towards Janani Sivarajah’s opinion? A. Unclear. B. Supportive. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 3.Why are people prevented from foraging in some parks in Canada? A. Foraging can have bad effects on local wildlife. B. Foraging causes local farmers to make less money. C. Foraging often leads to people picking up some poisonous plants. D. Foraging influences the development of Canada’s food systems. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why is foraging a valuable practice? B. The benefits and challenges of foraging C. Methods of foraging for seaweed safely D. Why is foraging becoming popular again? / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C Passage 2 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.C 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.C 主题语境03人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4C 主题语境04人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C 主题语境05人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A 主题语境06人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.B4.C 主题语境07人与自然-自然生态 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 213 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.B 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）In today’s world, many young people spend a lot of time on screens. They watch videos, play games, and chat with friends on their phones or computers. While technology is useful, too much screen time can be bad for both physical and mental health. Firstly, looking at screens for a long time can hurt your eyes and make it difficult to sleep well at night. The light from screens tricks your brain into thinking it is still daytime. Secondly, when you are sitting and watching a screen, you are not moving your body. This may lead to weight gain and other health problems. Thirdly, spending too much time in the online world can sometimes make people feel lonely or anxious in the real world. So, what is a healthy amount of screen time? Doctors suggest that young people should have no more than two hours of screen time for fun each day. It is important to take breaks, like the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Try to find other activities you enjoy, such as reading a book, playing a sport, or talking face-to-face with family and friends. Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life. 1.How can screen light affect sleep? A. It makes people dream more. B. It makes the brain think it’s daytime. C. It makes people feel too tired to sleep. D. It makes the room too bright. 2.What is the 20-20-20 rule? A. Spend 20 minutes online and 20 minutes offline every day. B. Play games for 20 minutes and then rest for 20 seconds. C. Every 20 minutes, look into the distance for 20 seconds. D. Only watch videos that are 20 minutes long. 3.What does the author suggest young people do? A. Use technology as much as they want. B. Spend more time on outdoor activities. C. Only use computers for studying. D. Balance screen time with other activities. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards screen time? A. It is completely harmful. B. It should be strictly controlled. C. It is necessary but needs to be managed. D. It is more important than other activities. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过多屏幕时间对年轻人身心健康的危害及如何健康使用屏幕。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The light from screens tricks your brain into thinking it is still daytime.(屏幕发出的光会让你的大脑误以为现在还是白天)”可知，屏幕的光线会让大脑误以为现在是白天，从而影响睡眠。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is important to take breaks, like the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.(休息很重要，比如20-20-20法则：每20分钟，看20英尺外的东西20秒)”可知，20-20-20规则是每20分钟看20英尺外的东西20秒。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life.(平衡屏幕时间和其他活动将帮助你过上更快乐、更健康的生活)”可知，作者建议年轻人平衡屏幕时间和其他活动。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“While technology is useful, too much screen time can be bad for both physical and mental health.(虽然科技很有用，但过多的屏幕时间对身心健康都有害)”和最后一段中“Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life.(平衡屏幕时间和其他活动将帮助你过上更快乐、更健康的生活)”可知，作者认为屏幕时间是必要的，但需要管理。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·辽宁七校协作体·期中）Twenty-five years ago, most young Britons wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or, if they were creative enough, to take up singing. But today, things stand different. According to a survey by a UK company, the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger”. The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as many as 40 percent of them put vloggers as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers. This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media. They have made it so much easier to reach audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way. In the past, the biggest stars were trained by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera can become a star. Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life. However, what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they fail to notice the fact that only those who are successful earn fame and fortune. For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that remain dreams forever. Although being vloggers is popular, some young people choose to follow careers that don’t necessarily earn them fame, but that allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies. Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. It’s an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races. His job allows him to express his enthusiasm, and is always a learning experience. And that’s enough for him. 1.Why do more and more young Britons choose to be vloggers? A. Vloggers can earn greater fame and more money on the Internet. B. There is too much competition in the traditional show business. C. The Internet makes it convenient to enter show business. D. Anyone with a computer will surely become a star. 2.What can we infer from the fifth paragraph? A. Only a few vloggers can be successful. B. A vlogger cannot earn fame or fortune. C. Being a vlogger is not a good career. D. Dreams will come true one day. 3.What do some young people like David do on the Internet? A. Learn from others. B. Become an online hit. C. Hold running races. D. Mix jobs with hobbies. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. Most young Britons choose to be vloggers as their jobs based on their hobbies. B. The Internet is influencing young Britons’ career choice. C. The Internet is taking the place of traditional studios. D. Young Britons cannot find jobs without the Internet. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英国年轻人的理想职业从传统行业转向视频博主，以及互联网对其职业选择的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They have made it so much easier to reach audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way. (它们让接触全球观众变得容易得多，无需以传统方式进入演艺行业。)”可知，互联网让进入演艺行业更便捷，这是越来越多英国年轻人选择成为视频博主的原因。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they fail to notice the fact that only those who are successful earn fame and fortune. For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. (然而，人们看到的只是作为一个视频博主的光鲜面，他们没有注意到这个事实只有成功的人才能获得名利。每一个成功者背后，都有数百人从未起步。)”可知，只有少数视频博主能取得成功。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Although being vloggers is popular,some young people choose to follow careers that don’t necessarily earn them fame, but that allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies. Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. (虽然视频博主很受欢迎，一些年轻人选择的职业不一定能让他们成名，但能让他们充分利用互联网分享自己的爱好。例如，以色列年轻人大卫・莱肖，他经营着一家名为“完成者俱乐部”的企业。)”可知，大卫这类年轻人在网上将工作与爱好结合。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段中的“This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media. (这种变化无疑是互联网和社交媒体的结果。)”可知，文章主要讲述互联网正影响英国年轻人的职业选择。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体·期中）DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in Britain. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV programmes show people how to DIY. English people like DIY. There is a saying in Britain, “An Englishman’s home is his castle”. A large number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”. If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experience with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn (经济衰退) at present, many people cannot afford a big house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to get together themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions (操作指南). Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions (意图), many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in Britain, including 41,000 who fell off ladders. Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼). Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. 1.What is the meaning of DIY? A. Do some shopping. B. Play a game. C. Play a joke. D. Do it yourself. 2.How do many English people spend their holidays according to the passage? A. Making their homes beautiful. B. Visiting their friends. C. Travelling all over the world. D. Making a lot of money. 3.Why do English people like DIY? A. Many stores sell DIY things. B. DIY can bring them fun. C. TV programmes teach them to DIY. D. All DIY projects are easy. 4.In the passage, “we bite off more than we can chew” probably means . A. We can eat everything we like. B. We should do something difficult. C. We do something that is too difficult. D. We eat too much food that is not safe. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DIY在英国的流行情况，包括其含义、人们喜欢DIY的原因、DIY的难度和危险性，并给出了相应的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in Britain.(DIY，意思是自己动手，在英国很流行)”可知，DIY的意思是“自己动手做”。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A large number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”.(许多人在假期里把他们的家建造成美丽的“城堡”)”可知，许多英国人利用假期把自己的家变成美丽的“城堡”，也就是装饰美化自己的家。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY.(越来越多的人发现了DIY的乐趣)”可知，英国人喜欢DIY的原因之一是它能给人们带来乐趣。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“DIY can be difficult.(DIY可能很难)”可知，DIY并不总是像人们想象的那么容易。结合最后一段“Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼). Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY.(因此，自己动手做能给我们带来乐趣，还能帮我们省钱，但如果we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼)，它也并非总是像人们想象的那么容易。也许工厂应该制造更容易和更安全的产品，让我们自己动手)”可知，虽然DIY能带来乐趣和省钱，但如果我们做太难的事情，也没有那么容易。所以划线部分“we bite off more than we can chew”的意思是“我们做太难的事情”。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）A new study shows that the average size of trees in the Amazon rainforest has been increasing as carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have risen, meaning these larger trees play a more important role in determining whether the forest can remain a carbon sink that stores CO2. Until now, how forests will react to a changing climate (气候) is an open question. For example, one hypothesis (假说) is that larger trees will fall in number because they are more subject to climate-related events. Understanding this is important for models of the future climate, as forests play a major role in taking up huge amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere, locking it away to slow global (全球的) warming. Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, a researcher from the University of Cambridge, and her coworkers, have been measuring the size of trees in 188 plots with an average area of 12,000 square metres across the Amazon basin for up to 30 years. During that time, CO2 levels in the atmosphere have risen by nearly a fifth. “What we’re following is a given area in the forest and the average tree size there is bigger, meaning that the trees can store more carbon in that space than they could in the past,” says Esquivel-Muelbert. Normally, the average size of trees in a healthy forest would remain the same, as young trees take the place of fallen big trees and grow. However, the researchers believe that the increase in CO2 has allowed larger trees to grow more quickly. This means that large trees now play a key role in carbon storage, and losing them would have a marked impact on the forest’s ability to lock up CO2. “The important finding is that CO2 has been increasing tree growth, and in many ways that is reassuring, because wood is a significant carbon sink,” says Peter Etchells at Durham University, UK. “However, we need to continue studying how trees react to both CO2 and other environmental changes to better understand the future of our forests.” 1.How do rising CO2 levels affect the trees in the Amazon according to the new study? A. They grow more rapidly. B. They remain the same size. C. They see a fall in number. D. They cause global warming 2.What might happen if large trees were lost from the Amazon rainforest? A. Carbon storage would rise markedly. B. The forest would store less CO2. C. Young trees would be badly impacted. D. Climate-related events would end. 3.What does the underlined word “reassuring” in the last paragraph mean? A. Plain. B. Informal. C. Confusing. D. Comforting. 4.What does Peter Etchells suggest? A. Applying the result into practice. B. Carrying out further research. C. Updating the local environment. D. Planting trees in the Amazon. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了剑桥大学的研究，大气中的二氧化碳浓度上升会加快亚马逊热带雨林的树木生长、增强其碳汇能力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study shows that the average size of trees in the Amazon rainforest has been increasing as carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have risen (一项新的研究表明，随着二氧化碳水平的上升，亚马逊雨林中树木的平均大小一直在增加)”可知，大气中的二氧化碳浓度上升会导致亚马逊热带雨林的树木整体的生长速度加快。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“This means that large trees now play a key role in carbon storage, and losing them would have a marked impact on the forest’s ability to lock up CO2. (这意味着大树如今在碳储存中起着关键作用，失去它们将对森林的固碳能力产生显著影响)”可知，如果亚马逊热带雨林的大树消失了，那么森林固碳能力将明显下降。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The important finding is that CO2 has been increasing tree growth, and in many ways that is reassuring, because wood is a significant carbon sink (重要的发现是，二氧化碳促进了树木的生长，这在很多方面都令人放心，因为木材是一个重要的碳汇)”可推断，树木生长加快意味着它们能通过光合作用吸收并储存更多的二氧化碳，这对于缓解气候变化来说是一个好消息，因此这件事是令人安心的。划线词reassuring与Comforting (令人宽慰的；安慰的)的意思最接近。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“says Peter Etchells at Durham University, UK. “However, we need to continue studying how trees react to both CO2 and other environmental changes to better understand the future of our forests.” (英国达勒姆大学的彼得·埃切尔斯说：“然而，我们需要继续研究树木对二氧化碳和其他环境变化的反应，以更好地了解我们森林的未来。”)”可知，Peter Etchells建议开展进一步研究工作。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·辽宁重点高中沈阳市郊联体·期中）Chickens can communicate with each other in many ways. They use body language such as showing off their feathers, but their less expressive faces might cause people not to notice their feelings, says backyard chicken expert Tove Danovich. “In fact, they are very expressive in other ways.” Primarily, they use their loud and unique voices. Tove Danovich and her team wondered if humans were able to pick up on the basic information of chicken well-being from sound alone. They experimented with nearly 200 participants from around the world for an online survey. Each participant listened to 16 types of hen sounds, including fast clucks (咯咯声) and food calls that show excitement, as well as low calls that show negative emotions (情绪). Researchers were surprised to find that 69 percent of all participants could tell if a chicken sounded excited or displeased, regardless of their earlier knowledge of chickens. It is worth mentioning that some participants had never been around chickens before. They also found that older participants were more likely to think the chicken sound was a happy one when it was actually sad. “Honestly, it makes a lot of sense to me,” Danovich says. “We think of animals as being so different from humans, but we are just another species (物种).” Different species of birds are able to pick up on each other’s alarm calls, and other animals-including humans-can pick up on signs of danger or unhappiness in other species. “I think it’s really beneficial for animals to be able to pick up on alarm calls from the other living things around us,” she says. “And just because we think of ourselves as being very separate from the rest of the nonhuman world, it really doesn’t mean that we are.” Researchers pointed out that another understanding of chicken well-being adds to the practice of friendlier animal farming. Danovich says that studies like this remind us that chickens are just like every other species around us. Staying connected to her own backyard chickens allows Danovich to pick up on an individual chicken’s excited and mad songs, making her a better caretaker. 1.How did the researchers test participants’ ability to understand chickens? A. By watching how they behave with chickens. B. By having them describe chickens’ body language. C. By asking them to recognize different chicken voices. D. By testing their knowledge of chicken communication. 2.What greatly influenced the participants’ judgments? A. Familiarity with chickens. B. The number of chickens. C. Personal emotions. D. Age differences. 3.What does Tove Danovich mainly want to express in paragraph 4? A. Animals rely highly on sight to notice danger. B. Animals have unique methods to express discomfort. C. Humans can train animals to understand other species. D. Humans share understandings of animal warning signs. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Explore human-chicken communication B. Connect chicken sounds with their feelings C. Improve methods of training farm animals D. Keep the natural balance of the animal world. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员通过实验发现人类能够识别鸡的声音所表达的情绪，且这种能力不受对鸡先前了解程度的影响，同时探讨了这一发现的意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Tove Danovich and her team wondered if humans were able to pick up on the basic information of chicken well-being from sound alone. They experimented with nearly 200 participants from around the world for an online survey. Each participant listened to 16 types of hen sounds, including fast clucks (咯咯声) and food calls that show excitement, as well as low calls that show negative emotions (情绪).(Tove Danovich和她的团队想知道人类是否能够仅从声音中获取鸡的健康状况的基本信息。他们对来自世界各地的近200名参与者进行了在线调查。每位参与者都听了16种母鸡的声音，包括表示兴奋的快速咯咯声和食物叫声，以及表示负面情绪的低叫声。)”可知，研究人员通过让参与者识别不同的鸡的声音来测试他们理解鸡的能力。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They also found that older participants were more likely to think the chicken sound was a happy one when it was actually sad.(他们还发现，年龄较大的参与者更有可能认为鸡的声音是快乐的，而实际上它是悲伤的。)”可知，年龄差异极大地影响了参与者的判断。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Different species of birds are able to pick up on each other’s alarm calls, and other animals-including humans-can pick up on signs of danger or unhappiness in other species.(不同种类的鸟类能够识别彼此的警报声，包括人类在内的其他动物也能识别其他物种的危险或不快信号。)”可知，Tove Danovich在第四段主要想表达的是人类与其他动物一样，能理解动物的警告信号。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Chickens can communicate with each other in many ways. They use body language such as showing off their feathers, but their less expressive faces might cause people not to notice their feelings, says backyard chicken expert Tove Danovich. “In fact, they are very expressive in other ways.” Primarily, they use their loud and unique voices.(鸡可以通过多种方式相互交流。后院养鸡专家Tove Danovich说，它们会使用展示羽毛等肢体语言，但它们不太有表现力的脸可能会让人们注意不到它们的感受。“事实上，它们在其他方面很有表现力。”主要是，它们使用响亮而独特的声音。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究人员通过实验发现人类能够根据鸡的声音判断其情绪，并探讨了这一发现的意义，因此“Connect chicken sounds with their feelings(将鸡的声音与它们的情感联系起来)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）A new study suggests that cats can even learn to make a connection between the words we use for objects or images (影像),and they pick this up faster than our own babies do. Previous (以前的) research has shown cats can follow human pointing, and they understand who is on their team, who they can trust, and who decides to give them food. We also know they can recognize their own names. Cats can even learn the names of cats and people they know. “I was very surprised, because that meant cats were able to listen to people’s conversations without them knowing and understand words without any special training,” says Saho Takagi, a scientist at Azabu University and member of the 2022 study. She wondered: Do cats have a natural ability to learn human language? To find out, the team gave a word test to 31 adult pet cats, by putting each one in front of a laptop showing two short cartoon animations (动画), while an audio track (音轨) of the cat’s caregiver saying a made-up word was played. Most cats were used to the pairing after four tests. When the cats were tired of this, they were given a break before the next round, in which the images and audio were played four more times, with a slight change: half the images had the ‘wrong’ audio. The cats showed signs of confusion when they noticed a mismatch, spending 33 percent more time looking at the screen when this happened. “Some cats even looked fixedly at the screen during the changed condition,” Takagi told Science. “Cats pay attention to what we say in everyday life—and try to understand us—more than we realize.” While these experiments suggest cats might be able to make a connection between human words and images even faster than human babies do, there are a few key differences between the 1990s experiment on babies and this new study. The babies, for example, were only given words spoken by a stranger. The cats, on the other hand, heard words spoken by their own caregivers. According to the authors, further research into whether these abilities are shared or unique could help us understand communication across different species (物种). 1.What surprised Takagi about cats according to paragraph 3? A. Their recognition of their own names. B. Their untrained word understanding ability. C. Their great communication skills. D. Their ability to follow human pointing. 2.Why did the Takagi’s team conduct the word test? A. To study cats’ preferences. B. To improve cats’ skills. C. To test cats’ language abilities. D. To show cats’ behavior 3.What did the cats do when they heard mismatched audio? A. They ignored the mismatch. B. They watched the screen longer. C. They slept through the test D. They looked around quickly. 4.What could further research help us do? A. Change the performance of cats B. Improve communication skills. C. Focus on the caregivers’ words. D. Understand cross-species communication. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家对猫能否听懂人类语言的研究。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中““I was very surprised, because that meant cats were able to listen to people’s conversations without them knowing and understand words without any special training,” says Saho Takagi, a scientist at Azabu University and member of the 2022 study.( “我非常惊讶，因为这意味着猫能够在不知道的情况下听到人们的对话，并且在没有任何特殊训练的情况下理解单词，”麻布大学的科学家、2022年研究的成员Saho Takagi说。)”可知，根据第三段，Saho Takagi对猫未经训练的单词理解能力感到惊讶。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She wondered: Do cats have a natural ability to learn human language?( 她想知道：猫有学习人类语言的天然能力吗？)”可推知，Takagi的团队进行单词测试是为了测试猫的语言能力。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The cats showed signs of confusion when they noticed a mismatch, spending 33 percent more time looking at the screen when this happened.( 当猫注意到不匹配时，它们表现出困惑的迹象，当这种情况发生时，它们盯着屏幕上的时间多了33%。)”可知，当猫听到不匹配的声音时他们看屏幕的时间更长。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to the authors, further research into whether these abilities are shared or unique could help us understand communication across different species(物种).( 根据作者的说法，进一步研究这些能力是共享的还是独特的，可以帮助我们理解不同物种之间的交流。)”可推知，进一步的研究可以帮助我们了解跨物种交流。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）Adolescence (青春期) is an important period for forming identity and learning to manage emotions. However, many young people express inner troubles not through sadness, but through anger, silence, or misbehavior. This makes helping them particularly challenging. The teenage brain develops in a way that explains much of this behavior. The part handling emotions grows earlier than the part responsible for clear thinking and decision-making. This mismatch often leads teens to react with feelings first, not logic. What looks like anger is often a cover for deeper issues—anxiety, fear, or feeling worthless. Similarly, pulling away usually doesn’t mean they don’t care; it may mean they feel overwhelmed. Teens who can’t manage emotions well often act out through aggression (攻击) or breaking rules. Seeing these actions as calls for help is the first step toward offering real support. Good communication is key when a young person is struggling silently. Active listening — giving full attention, understanding, replying, and remembering what is said — makes a big difference. It helps to accept their feelings even when their behavior is off track. Saying something like, “You seem really upset right now,” can calm the situation and start a conversation. Feeling emotionally safe is essential. Young people talk more openly when they feel accepted, not criticized. Clear rules also build trust and security by making life more predictable. Research confirms that a parenting style that is both firm and warm best supports teen well-being. Besides support from others, teens need their own tools to handle difficulties. Simple techniques, like focusing on what they can see or touch, can help manage strong emotions. Writing in a journal or thinking quietly about their feelings helps teens understand what upsets them. Making choices based on personal values gives direction and builds confidence. These methods help teens face challenges with greater awareness and courage, leading themselves well even through hard times. In summary, helping troubled teens requires looking beyond surface behavior. By recognizing unspoken signals, listening without judgment, and teaching inner strength, both young people and their caregivers can build greater trust and enable meaningful growth. 1.What causes teenagers to react emotionally to situations? A. All brain areas develop at the same pace. B. Logic skills develop before emotions. C. Brain development is complete by age 15. D. Emotions develop faster than reasoning. 2.What can be inferred about teenagers’ anger or silence? A. They usually keep their negative feelings to themselves. B. Silence means teens don’t care about the people around them. C. These behaviors are mainly caused by their dislike of family rules. D. Teens with such behaviors often refuse any form of help from others. 3.Creating an emotionally safe environment helps teenagers to ______. A. rely on their parents for support B. express their thoughts more frankly C. avoid experiencing strong emotions D. focus more on their academic performance 4.According to paragraph 6, why should teens learn these techniques? A. Because it can ensure their decisions are based on logic. B. Because it can reduce their dependence on external support. C. Because it can equip them with skills for dealing with problems. D. Because it can improve their communication with parents and friends. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了青少年在青春期因大脑发育特点而出现的情绪管理问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The part handling emotions grows earlier than the part responsible for clear thinking and decision-making. This mismatch often leads teens to react with feelings first, not logic.(处理情绪的部分比负责清晰思考和决策的部分发育得更早。这种不匹配常常导致青少年首先用情绪而不是逻辑来反应。)”可知，青少年对情况做出情绪化反应是因为情绪的发展比推理能力快。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What looks like anger is often a cover for deeper issues—anxiety, fear, or feeling worthless. Similarly, pulling away usually doesn’t mean they don’t care; it may mean they feel overwhelmed.(看起来像愤怒的情绪往往是更深层次问题的掩饰——焦虑、恐惧或感觉自己毫无价值。同样，退缩通常并不意味着他们不在乎；这可能意味着他们感到不堪重负。)”可推知，青少年愤怒或沉默并不是表面看起来那样，他们通常会把负面情绪藏在心里。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Feeling emotionally safe is essential. Young people talk more openly when they feel accepted, not criticized.(情感上的安全感至关重要。当年轻人感到被接受而不是被批评时，他们会更坦率地表达自己的想法。)”可知，创造一个情感上安全的环境有助于青少年更坦率地表达自己的想法。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段“Besides support from others, teens need their own tools to handle difficulties. Simple techniques, like focusing on what they can see or touch, can help manage strong emotions. Writing in a journal or thinking quietly about their feelings helps teens understand what upsets them. Making choices based on personal values gives direction and builds confidence. These methods help teens face challenges with greater awareness and courage, leading themselves well even through hard times.(除了来自他人的支持，青少年还需要自己的工具来处理困难。简单的技巧，比如专注于他们能看到或触摸到的东西，可以帮助管理强烈的情绪。写日记或静静地思考自己的感受有助于青少年理解是什么让他们烦恼。基于个人价值观做出选择会给出方向并建立信心。这些方法帮助青少年以更大的意识和勇气面对挑战，即使在困难时期也能很好地引导自己。)”可知，青少年学习这些技巧是因为这能让他们具备处理问题的技能。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·黑龙江龙东十校联盟·期中）Over the past 20 years, more and more research has pointed to quality social relationships as being a major determinant of both physical and mental (身心的) health over time. In one well-known study, researchers found that feeling lonely for a long time can be even more dangerous than smoking 15 cigarettes a day. The reasons behind this connection are still not entirely clear. And first and foremost is the problem of correlation (关联) versus causation. Most studies on social connections and health are observational, meaning they can only show that two things happen together, not necessarily that one causes the other. For example, people with health problems may have poorer social relationships, but it’s also possible that new variables at play influence both social relationships and physical health. Despite this, it’s likely that social relationships can help protect and improve physical health. One idea being studied is the effect of social connections on inflammation (炎症). New research, published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, shows a strong connection between social relationships and biological markers like inflammation and, in fact, the aging process itself. In this study, characteristics of more than 2,000 middle-aged adults in the United States were observed. The researchers used a measure called Cumulative Social Advantage (CSA), which looks at a person’s level of social support in areas like family, communities, and emotional support. It turns out that there was a significant correlation between CSA and biological aging: The higher the social advantage, the slower the aging, and the lower the inflammation. Although this is still a correlational study and can’t prove cause and effect, it points to the idea that strong social relationships might lead to better physical health. People with good social connections might have lower blood pressure, stronger immune systems, and better overall health. This study further supports the idea that building and maintaining friendships is just as important as eating well and exercising for a healthy life. 1.What can be inferred about lonely individuals according to the text? A. They tend to do workouts regularly. B. They may experience higher health risks. C. They can easily fall into a bad habit. D. They are more likely to lead a healthy life 2.Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the challenges facing researchers. B. To argue that smoking is worse than loneliness. C. To explain how loneliness directly affects aging. D. To suggest that health problems cause loneliness. 3.What does the recent study find about CSA? A. It develops based on our intelligence. B. It has a side effect on people’s character. C. It might be connected to one’s aging. D. It measures the level of social media use. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Friendships are More Important Than Exercise B. Your Health is a Reflection of Your Personality C. Strong Social Ties May Improve Overall Health D. Family Support Greatly Impacts on Mental Health 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕社会关系与健康的关联展开，介绍了长期孤独对健康的危害，主要探讨了高质量的社会关系对身心健康的重要影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In one well-known study, researchers found that feeling lonely for a long time can be even more dangerous than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.(研究人员发现，长期感到孤独可能比每天抽15支烟更危险。)”可知，孤独的人可能面临更高的健康风险。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Most studies on social connections and health are observational, meaning they can only show that two things happen together, not necessarily that one causes the other. For example, people with health problems may have poorer social relationships, but it’s also possible that new variables at play influence both social relationships and physical health.(大多数关于社会关系与健康的研究都属于观察性研究，这意味着这类研究只能证明两个现象同时存在，却不一定能证明二者存在因果关系。例如，健康状况不佳的人可能拥有质量较差的社会关系，但也有可能存在某些潜在变量，同时影响着社会关系与身体健康。)”可知，作者举例子是为了说明研究中“关联不等于因果关系”的问题，即研究者面临的挑战。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It turns out that there was a significant correlation between CSA and biological aging: The higher the social advantage, the slower the aging, and the lower the inflammation.(结果表明，累积社会优势（CSA）与生物衰老之间存在显著关联：社会优势越高，衰老越慢，炎症水平越低。)”可知，最新研究发现CSA可能与一个人的衰老有关。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Over the past 20 years, more and more research has pointed to quality social relationships as being a major determinant of both physical and mental (身心的) health over time.(在过去的20年里，越来越多的研究表明，随着时间的推移，高质量的社会关系是身心健康的主要决定因素。)”可知，文章开篇点明社会关系是身心健康的重要决定因素，中间通过研究探讨社会关系与健康的关联，在最后一段“This study further supports the idea that building and maintaining friendships is just as important as eating well and exercising for a healthy life.(这项研究进一步支持了建立和维持友谊与健康饮食和锻炼对健康生活同样重要的观点。)”作者强调“建立和维持友谊对健康生活至关重要”。所以C选项“牢固的社会关系可能改善整体健康”精准概括核心内容，适合用作标题。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽南协作体·期中）In a remarkable engineering achievement, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, now officially the world’s tallest bridge, has opened to traffic in the mountainous province of Guizhou, southwest China. Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the bridge deck stands twice as high as the Eiffel Tower and nearly nine times the height of San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge. This bridge stretches 2,890 meters in total length across the deep Huajiang Grand Canyon, which is often referred to as the “Earth’s crack”. Its main span of 1,420 meters also makes it the world’s largest spanning bridge built in a mountainous area. The bridge slashes the travel time between the two sides of the canyon from two hours to just two minutes, significantly improving local connectivity. The construction of the bridge, which began in 2022 and was completed in September 2025, is a testament to China’s advanced infrastructure (基础设施) capabilities. To ensure its structural safety, engineers conducted a final load test before its opening. In this important test,96 trucks, weighing a total of about 3,300 tons, were driven onto the bridge in groups. To overcome challenges posed by complex geological conditions, and strong winds in the canyon, engineers employed innovative (创新的) technologies. The project successfully secured 21 authorized patents (专利), with its technical advances contributing to national standards for future bridge construction. Guizhou Province, is already home to over 30,000 bridges. The previous record holder for the world’s tallest bridge, the Beipanjiang Bridge (565 meters high), is also in Guizhou and lies just about 60 km away from the new bridge. More than just a transportation link, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is expected to be a boost for regional economic development. By reducing travel time, it will promote trade and tourism. The bridge is also planned to combine with cultural tourism, featuring attractions like a cloud-top café and potentially a 625-meter bungee jump, making it a new landmark that combines infrastructure with sightseeing. 1.What does the underlined word “slashes” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Greatly reduces. B. Slightly adjusts. C. Carefully calculates. D. Accurately maintains. 2.According to the passage, the load test was conducted to______. A. test the bridge’s safety B. celebrate the completion C. show the bridge’s quality D. overcome challenges 3.Which aspect of the bridge project is emphasized as particularly innovative? A. Its focus on environmental protection. B. Its technical advances earning patents. C. Its use of traditional building methods. D. Its use of local construction materials. 4.What can we infer about the bridge’s significance? A. It is mainly a tourist attraction. B. It will replace other bridges in Guizhou. C. It serves both practical and economic purposes. D. Its technical innovations are its most important feature. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了中国贵州花江大峡谷大桥的工程成就 (世界最高、山区最大跨度)、建设过程中的技术创新，以及其在交通、经济、旅游方面的多重价值。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。结合划线词下文“from two hours to just two minutes(从两小时到两分钟)”可知，时间从2小时缩短到2分钟，“slashes”意为“大幅减少”。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。第二段中“To ensure its structural safety, engineers conducted a final load test before its opening.(为确保其结构安全，工程师在其开启前进行了最后的荷载试验)”明确提到负载测试的目的是确保桥梁结构安全。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To overcome challenges posed by complex geological conditions, and strong winds in the canyon, engineers employed innovative (创新的) technologies. The project successfully secured 21 authorized patents (专利), with its technical advances contributing to national standards for future bridge construction.(为了克服复杂的地质条件和峡谷强风带来的挑战，工程师们采用了创新的技术。该项目成功获得21项授权专利，其技术进步为未来桥梁建设的国家标准做出了贡献)”可知，桥梁项目的创新性体现在技术突破及获得专利。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。第一段中“The bridge slashes the travel time between the two sides of the canyon from two hours to just two minutes, significantly improving local connectivity.(这座桥将峡谷两岸之间的旅行时间从两小时缩短到两分钟，显著改善了当地的连通性)”体现了其实用目的：改善交通，最后一段中“More than just a transportation link, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is expected to be a boost for regional economic development. By reducing travel time, it will promote trade and tourism.(花江大峡谷大桥不仅仅是一条交通纽带，它还有望促进区域经济发展。通过减少旅行时间，它将促进贸易和旅游业)”体现了其经济目的：促进经济、贸易和旅游，由此推知，桥梁兼具实用和经济意义。故选C。 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·辽宁重点高中沈阳市郊联体·期中）Social relationships are considered important for human happiness, but it is common that many of us lose touch with friends and family that we were once close to. As old friends who had reconnected, Professor Lara Aknin and Dr. Gillian Sandstrom wanted to find out what stops other people from doing the same. Sandstrom said, “We live in a time when people have fewer close friends.” The researchers looked at the attitudes of almost 2,500 participants to reconnect with old friends, the barriers (阻碍) and the reasons for doing so. “We found that 90% of the participants had lost touch with someone they still cared about. Yet, 70% were neutral (中立的), or even negative, about the idea of getting back in touch at that moment, even when they felt warm about the friendship,” said Aknin. The researchers also studied how many people were willing to actually reach out to an old friend. Even when participants wanted to reconnect, thought the friend would be thankful, had their contact information, and were given time to write and send a message, only about a third actually sent it. The top reported barriers included fears that one’s old friend might not want to hear from them, and that it would be “too uncomfortable after all this time” and feeling “ashamed”. Being too busy — both the old friend and the participant — was the lowest reported reason for not reaching out. Notably, the researchers found that participants believed there were only a few compelling reasons for getting in touch, with the friend’s birthday reported as the most acceptable. Reconnecting over the memory of a shared experience was the second most reported reason. Participants were least likely to consider getting in touch with an old friend to ask them for help. As part of the research, the researchers tested certain methods. They found that starting by practicing social connection with present networks was the most successful method. It increased reach-out rates by over two thirds. With this practice, they were much more likely to progress towards messaging someone they had lost touch with. 1.What did the researchers aim to study? A. Ways to have more close friends. B. Secrets to gaining human happiness. C. Challenges in renewing old friendships. D. Reasons for shorter modern friendships. 2.How did most participants find regaining old friendships? A. They saw it as popular. B. They required support for it. C. They considered it quite simple. D. They had mixed feelings about it. 3.What is the biggest trouble with people’s contacting old friends? A. Worry about being refused. B. Loss of past shared memories. C. Pressure from busy schedules. D. Fear of hurting present friends. 4.What does the underlined word “compelling” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Funny. B. Surprising. C. Powerful. D. Noticeable. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员关于重新建立旧友谊的调查，分析人们与旧友失联后的态度、阻碍重新联系的因素及有效方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As old friends who had reconnected, Professor Lara Aknin and Dr. Gillian Sandstrom wanted to find out what stops other people from doing the same.(作为重新联系的老朋友，Lara Aknin教授和Gillian Sandstrom博士想弄清楚是什么阻止了其他人做同样的事情。)”可知，研究目的是探索重建旧友谊的阻碍与挑战。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yet, 70% were neutral (中立的), or even negative, about the idea of getting back in touch at that moment, even when they felt warm about the friendship(然而，70%的人对在那一刻重新联系的想法持中立甚至消极的态度，即使他们对这段友谊感到温暖)”可知，大多数人对重建旧友谊既有温情，又持中立或消极态度，这说明他们对此情感复杂。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The top reported barriers included fears that one’s old friend might not want to hear from them, and that it would be “too uncomfortable after all this time” and feeling “ashamed”.(据报告，最主要的障碍包括担心一个人的老朋友可能不想收到他们的来信，担心“过了这么久会太不舒服”，并感到“羞愧”。)”可知，最主要的阻碍是担心旧友不想收到自己的消息，即害怕被拒绝。故选A。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。结合画线词所在句中的“with the friend’s birthday reported as the most acceptable”可知，这些人认为朋友的生日是最能接受的联系理由，由此可推测出，只有强有力的理由才能促使他们重新联系老朋友，compelling意为“有说服力的，有力的”，与powerful意思一致。故选C。 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·辽宁七校协作体·期中）What will restaurants look like in the future? What would your dinner taste like if a robot cooked it? A robot restaurant in Tianjin may give you the answers. Covering an area of over 400 square meters with a total of 112 seats, the X Future Restaurant is a robot restaurant opened in November 2018. The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated (全自动的) technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment. Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning (扫描) the QR codes on the table. There are over 40 choices of dishes. After taking the order, “robot cooks” prepare dishes using fixed time, temperature and ingredients designed by famous Chinese cooks. “As the cooking is controlled by a computer system, the taste and quality of dishes can be good,” said Li Xiaokui, manager of the X Future Restaurant. Robots also complete the delivery of dishes. Without following any designed route, the robot waiters serve meals thanks to automated driving technology, which helps each robot timely change its route when something is in the way. These eye-catching technologies have received wide praise from customers. “The dishes taste surprisingly good. I couldn’t believe that they were made by robots, especially dishes that were difficult to cook” one customer said. “The application of robots has increased our efficiency (效率) and cut down our costs,” Li said, “I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future.” 1.What do we know about the X Future Restaurant? A. It covers over 112 square meters with 400 seats. B. Robot waiters deliver dishes following fixed routes. C. Customers could enjoy fully-automated services. D. Robot cooks design dishes by themselves. 2.The dishes in the X Future Restaurant are _________. A. prepared by human cooks B. ordered by scanning QR codes C. not accepted by customers D. not easy for robots to prepare 3.What is Li’s attitude toward the future of robot restaurants? A. Hopeful. B. Doubtful. C. Puzzled. D. Worried 4.What is the best title for this text? A. Robots Are Helpful in Many Restaurants. B. Robots Cook Delicious Dishes like Humans. C. A Robot Restaurant Was Opened in Tianjin. D. The X Future Restaurant Has Become Popular. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在天津开设的一家全自动化的机器人餐厅。这家餐厅的全自动技术涵盖了用餐体验的每一环节，从点餐、烹饪到上菜，甚至是付款。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment.(这家餐厅的全自动技术让顾客惊叹不已，它涵盖了用餐体验的每一个环节，从点餐、烹饪到上菜，甚至是付款。)”可知，顾客可以在X Future Restaurant享受全自动服务。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning (扫描) the QR codes on the table. There are over 40 choices of dishes.（进入餐厅后，人们只需扫描餐桌上的二维码就可以点餐。有40多种菜肴可供选择。）”可知，X Future Restaurant的菜肴是通过扫描二维码点的。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Li said, “I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future.”(李说:“我认为机器人餐厅将发展迅速，前景光明。”)”可知，李认为机器人餐厅的未来是充满希望的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“What will restaurants look like in the future? What would your dinner taste like if a robot cooked it? A robot restaurant in Tianjin may give you the answers.(未来的餐馆会是什么样子?如果你的晚餐是机器人做的会是什么味道?天津的一家机器人餐馆可能会给你答案。)”以及文章主要内容可知，文章主要介绍了在天津开设的一家全自动化的机器人餐厅。这家餐厅的全自动技术涵盖了用餐体验的每一环节，从点餐、烹饪到上菜，甚至是付款。因此C选项“A Robot Restaurant Was Opened in Tianjin.”作为本文标题，与文章主题相符合。故选C。 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽西部分高中协作体·期中）You have two basic types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Things you see or hear first enter your short-term memory. Very little of this information passes on into your long-term memory. Does this mean you have a bad memory? Not at all. Your short-term memory has a certain job. Its job is to store information for a few seconds only. Your short-term memory is at work when you look up a phone number, call the number, and then forget it. You remembered the number just long enough to use it. Then it disappeared from your memory. That’s really a good thing. Imagine if your memory held every number, every face, and every word you ever knew! However, some information is important to remember for a longer time. Then it must pass from short-term to long-term memory. Sometimes we tell ourselves to remember something. We might also practice it: “OK, don’t forget: 555-1212, 555-1212.” Usually, we don’t even think about it. Our brain makes the decision for us. It decides to store the information or let it go. The brain seems to make the decision by asking two questions: Does the information affect our emotions? That is, does it make us happy, sad, excited, or upset? Does the information concern something we already know, so our brain can store it with something already there? An answer of “Yes” means that the new information enters long-term memory. That means the brain creates new connections among brain cells. Information disappears when connections among brain cells become weak. They get weak if time passes and the connections are not used. That’s why it is good to read your lecture notes soon after the class. To keep the memory of something strong, think of it often. For example, look at those lecture notes the next day. Look at them the day after that, too. Every time you think about something, the connections in the brain get stronger. Then it is easier to remember the information when you need it. 1.When is your short-term memory at work? A. You look up an important phone number and repeat it again and again. B. You read English words every morning. C. What you’ve learned is reviewed after class. D. The impression of a stranger soon disappears after you meet with him/ her. 2.What information enters long-term memory according to the passage? A. Information concerning something unfamiliar. B. Information affecting our emotions. C. Information creating brain cells. D. Information reaching you first. 3.How can we keep the long-term memory of lecture notes strong? A. By remembering them for a long time for only once. B. By looking at them after months. C. By referring to them regularly. D. By putting them away after class. 4.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A popular magazine. B. A science fiction. C. A news story. D. A book review. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类的两种记忆类型——短期记忆和长期记忆，阐释了二者的功能区别、信息转化为长期记忆的条件，以及巩固长期记忆的方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Your short-term memory is at work when you look up a phone number, call the number, and then forget it. You remembered the number just long enough to use it. Then it disappeared from your memory.(当你查阅一个电话号码、拨打这个号码然后就忘记它时，你的短期记忆就在起作用。你记住这个号码的时间刚好够使用它，之后它就从你的记忆中消失了。)”可知，短期记忆起作用的特点是信息短暂存储后快速遗忘，遇见陌生人后印象很快消失符合这一特征。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据五至七段“Does the information affect our emotions? That is, does it make us happy, sad, excited, or upset? Does the information concern something we already know, so our brain can store it with something already there? An answer of “Yes” means that the new information enters long-term memory. That means the brain creates new connections among brain cells.(这些信息会影响我们的情绪吗？也就是说，它会让我们快乐、悲伤、兴奋还是不安？这些信息是否与我们已经知道的东西有关，所以我们的大脑可以将它与已经存在的东西存储起来？回答“是”意味着新信息进入了长期记忆。这意味着大脑在脑细胞之间建立了新的连接)”可推知，影响我们情绪的信息会进入长期记忆。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To keep the memory of something strong, think of it often. For example, look at those lecture notes the next day. Look at them the day after that, too. Every time you think about something, the connections in the brain get stronger.(为了牢固记住某件事，要经常回想它。例如，第二天看课堂笔记，之后再看。每次你回想某事，大脑中的连接就会变得更强。)”可知，定期翻看课堂笔记可以巩固长期记忆。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。结合全文可知，本文用通俗易懂的语言讲解记忆相关的科学知识，内容贴近大众生活，语言浅显易懂，符合大众科普杂志的文体特征，并非科幻小说、新闻故事或书评。故选A。 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）A quarrel (争吵) at home may result in you falling ill. Don’t laugh — it’s true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaoyu, Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put her into a coma. It is because she has depression (抑郁), caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained. “We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves,” says Dr. Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family relationships may explain about 25% of health problems in his recent research. The genes (基因) you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected (影响) may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Food, lifestyle and environment influence our health, too. Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they get little attention from their parents, they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as a single person’s problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big effects, Ferrer said. 1.Why did Wang Xiaoyu faint in class? A. Because her classmates had hit her. B. Because she shouted to her classmates aloud. C. Because her schoolwork was too hard for her. D. Because a serious quarrel broke out in her class. 2.The underlined word “coma” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. excitement B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness 3.Which of the following might Dr. Ferrer agree with? A. We get sick or stay well by ourselves. B. What we eat doesn’t matter much to our health. C. Teenagers need enough attention from parents to keep healthy. D. Only the genes we get from parents decide our health condition. 4.What does the author want to tell us in the passage? A. We can’t avoid getting sick. B. Happy families keep us healthy. C. Health is important to everyone. D. We should get on well with others. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文为说明文。本文介绍了家庭关系对于子女健康方面的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由第一段的“Wang Xiaoyu, Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices.(来自四川省西昌市的高二女生王晓雨在课堂上突然晕倒了，当时她听到同学们在大声争吵。)”可知，王晓雨晕倒的直接原因是同学们在班级激烈争吵。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。由第一段的“Wang Xiaoyu, Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put her into a coma.(来自四川省西昌市的高二女生王晓雨在课堂上听到同学们大声争吵时突然晕倒了。她父母之间的争吵也让她陷入了coma。)”可知，划线词所在的句子的前一句中fainted (晕倒)一词表明，父母的争吵也会让她陷入昏迷，因此coma也是昏迷之意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由第四段中的“Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they get little attention from their parents, they are more likely to get sick.(费雷尔的研究还发现，如果青少年觉得父母对他们关注不够，他们就更有可能生病。)”可知，青少年如缺少父母关注，更可能得病。故可以推测出只有父母亲给予青少年足够关注，他们的健康才能得到保证。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第二段内容““We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves,” says Dr. Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family relationships may explain about 25% of health problems in his recent research.(美国的罗伯特·费雷尔医生表示：“我们不会自己患病或保持健康。”费雷尔在其近期的研究中指出，家庭关系能够解释约 25% 的健康问题。)”可知，本文由王晓雨因身患抑郁而在同学或家人争吵之时晕倒的个案导入，介绍了不良的家庭关系（包括父母之间的争吵及对孩子的忽略）对子女健康状况的影响。在最后一段中指出家人的一个小小的改善会产生很大的作用。由此可知，作者想借本文说明的是：幸福的家庭使我们健康。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·黑龙江新时代高中教育联合体·期中）Language lets us share our feelings, make connections, and even hand down family traditions like recipes and songs from generation to generation. But what about family members who don’t speak the same language? A “mother language” is defined as the first language that a child learns at home. So you’d think that means your mother language is by default your strongest, most comfortable language, right? Wrong. While you might think learning a language is like riding a bicycle, something you never forget how to do, it’s easy to lose language fluency without practice. Studies show that people who learn a heritage language (that is, one connected to their family history, whether they grew up speaking it or not) experience improved self-esteem (自尊) and safety in their identities (身份). Researchers also mention that reconnecting with and understanding the family history and community is the driving force behind heritage language learning. Relearning a mother language or trying out a heritage language as a beginner might feel overwhelming at first, but the results can be incredibly rewarding. Jenny Liao’s article, Forgetting My First Language, details how her Cantonese slowly became rusty (荒疏的) after years of living away from home. Eventually, weekly phone calls with her parents only became possible through translation apps. The inability to communicate fluently had made their relationship shallow. Resolving to close these gaps, Liao threw herself into practicing Cantonese. She forced herself into uncomfortable Cantonese conversations whenever possible in stores and restaurants. Before long, she found she could have deeper conversations with her parents. Their relationship grew closer, even though her Cantonese only improved moderately. It’s a demonstration of the impressive power of language to bring families together. Learning or relearning a heritage language can sound pretty intimidating at first. But the hard work invested proves to be rewarding and worthwhile. What could be a stronger personal connection than the connection with family heritage? 1.What is the author’s attitude to the thought “mother language is the strongest”? A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Concerned. D. Opposite. 2.What is the advantage of learning a heritage language according to studies? A. Improved job skills. B. Heightened sense of belonging. C. Sharpened communication skills. D. Broadened understanding of different opinions. 3.How is paragraph 4 developed? A. By analyzing the cause. B. By offering an example. C. By making a comparison. D. By explaining the data. 4.Which can replace the underlined word “intimidating” in the last paragraph? A. Confusing. B. Surprising. C. Frightening. D. Relaxing. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出“母语并非天然最牢固”，强调重新学习或拾回家族遗产语言虽令人畏难，却能显著提升个人归属感与自尊，并以Jenny Liao重拾广东话、借此与父母重建亲密关系的实例，说明语言在联结亲情、传承家族记忆中的强大力量。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So you’d think that means your mother language is by default your strongest, most comfortable language, right? Wrong. While you might think learning a language is like riding a bicycle, something you never forget how to do, it’s easy to lose language fluency without practice.(所以你会认为这意味着你的母语默认是你最强大、最舒服的语言，对吗？错了。虽然你可能认为学习一门语言就像骑自行车，你永远不会忘记怎么做，但如果不练习，很容易失去语言的流畅性)”可知，文章先给出“母语=最牢固语言”这一直觉观点，随后用“Wrong”直接否定，并举例说明不练习就会退化。由此推知，作者对“母语是最强的”这一观点持相反的态度。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Studies show that people who learn a heritage language (that is, one connected to their family history, whether they grew up speaking it or not) experience improved self-esteem (自尊) and safety in their identities (身份).(研究表明，学习一门传统语言（即与家族历史有关的语言，无论他们在成长过程中是否说这种语言）的人会增强自尊，并对自己的身份产生安全感)”可知，研究指出学传统语言会增强自尊，并对自己的身份产生安全感，也就是“更强的归属感”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Jenny Liao’s article, Forgetting My First Language, details how her Cantonese slowly became rusty (荒疏的) after years of living away from home. Eventually, weekly phone calls with her parents only became possible through translation apps. The inability to communicate fluently had made their relationship shallow. Resolving to close these gaps, Liao threw herself into practicing Cantonese.(Jenny Liao的文章《忘记我的第一语言》详细描述了在离家多年后，她的广东话是如何慢慢生疏的。最终，她只能通过翻译软件才能每周与父母通话。无法流利地交流使他们的关系变得肤浅。为了弥补这些差距，廖女士全身心地投入到广东话的练习中)”及“Before long, she found she could have deeper conversations with her parents. Their relationship grew closer, even though her Cantonese only improved moderately. It’s a demonstration of the impressive power of language to bring families together.(不久之后，她发现自己可以和父母进行更深入的对话。他们的关系越来越亲密，尽管她的广东话水平只是略有提高。这是语言将家庭团结在一起的强大力量的展示)”可知，第四段整段用Jenny Liao重拾广东话、修复亲子关系的实例，说明重新学习母语的价值，属于“举例法”展开。故选B。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Learning or relearning a heritage language can sound pretty intimidating at first. But the hard work invested proves to be rewarding and worthwhile.(学习或重新学习一门传统语言一开始听起来可能相当intimidating。但事实证明，付出的努力是有回报的，也是值得的)”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，对比选项可知，划线词intimidating与frightening“吓人的”最为接近。故选C。 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·辽宁点石·期中）In Finland, it’s a basic duty for the government to provide the public with sporting possibilities. That thinking started in the 1970s, when the government built gyms in even the smallest towns. Now, there are about 30,000 sports facilities (设施) across the country. Walkways and bike tracks move through the cities. Public swimming pools are everywhere. Here you can just step out of your door and do sports. Finns do just that. Half of women and a third of men bike to work. About a fifth of the country belongs to sports clubs. Some people even play sports at work. For example, every Wednesday morning, a group of scientists at the University of Jyväskylä leave their desks to play “futsal”, an indoor form of soccer, in a gym across the street. It’s one of the most popular team sports in the country, along with floor ball and Finnish baseball. A nearby chocolate factory has a gym and offers classes like boxing and badminton. “Employers (雇主) started to encourage sports participation (参与) about a century ago in the forestry industry,” says Hanna Vehmas, a sports scientist at the University of Jyväskylä. “Today, 90% of employers support their workers' physical activities in some way. Each year, they spend about $220 per worker for physical activities.” “We have a lot of research showing that spending money on workers’ well-being will bring back as much as six times the money spent,” says Vehmas.“Because healthy workers do better work. They also don’t have as many sick days. And staying fit, especially by playing sports together, could help build company loyalty (忠诚) which is actually even more important than the health side.” Physically active people also save the health care system a lot of money. Data from the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs & Health shows that people who bike and walk save the health care system as much as $5.5 billion each year. 1.Why are the scientists at the University of Jyväskylä mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To tell the acceptance of a special sport. B. To give the reasons of joining sports clubs. C. To show the popularity of sports facilities. D. To call for more public participation in sports. 2.When did the forestry industry start to encourage sports participation? A. About 50 years ago. B. About 60 years ago. C. About 80 years ago. D. About 100 years ago. 3.What does Hanna Vehmas say about the effort for workers’ physical well-being? A. It is a waste of money. B. It brings in various benefits. C. It takes too much time. D. It cuts workers’ productivity. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. How Can Finns Make Sports Part of Daily Life? B. Why Does Finland Have So Many Sports Facilities? C. How Has Finland Become the Healthiest Country? D. Why Do Employers in Finland Spend on Sports? 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在芬兰，政府和企业都积极支持体育活动，居民生活与体育紧密相连，这种生活方式为个人健康和国家医疗系统带来了诸多好处。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“For example, every Wednesday morning, a group of scientists at the University of Jyväskylä leave their desks to play “futsal”, an indoor form of soccer, in a gym across the street. It’s one of the most popular team sports in the country, along with floor ball and Finnish baseball.(比如，每周三上午，于韦斯屈莱大学的一群科学家都会放下手头工作，去街对面的体育馆踢“室内五人制足球”（futsal，一种室内足球形式）。它与地板曲棍球（floor ball，一种室内球类运动）和芬兰棒球一道，是该国最受欢迎的团体运动项目之一)”可推知，提到于韦斯屈莱大学的科学家是为了举例说明“有些人甚至在工作时进行体育活动”，间接体现体育设施的普及性。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中““Employers (雇主) started to encourage sports participation (参与) about a century ago in the forestry industry,” says Hanna Vehmas, a sports scientist at the University of Jyväskylä.(于韦斯屈莱大学的体育科学家汉娜・韦赫马斯表示：“大约一个世纪前，林业行业的雇主们就开始鼓励员工参与体育活动了。”)”可知，大约一个世纪前，林业行业开始鼓励员工参与体育运动。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段““We have a lot of research showing that spending money on workers’ well-being will bring back as much as six times the money spent,” says Vehmas. “Because healthy workers do better work. They also don't have as many sick days. And staying fit, especially by playing sports together, could help build company loyalty (忠诚) which is actually even more important than the health side.”(韦赫马斯表示：“我们有大量研究表明，在员工福利方面投入的资金，能带来高达六倍于投入金额的回报。”“因为身体健康的员工工作表现更出色，请假缺勤的天数也更少。而且保持健康 —— 尤其是通过一起参与体育活动的方式 —— 有助于培养员工的企业忠诚度，而这一点实际上比健康本身更为重要”)”可知，Hanna Vehmas表示，有很多研究表明，在员工健康方面投入资金，回报会是投入的六倍，健康的员工工作表现更好，病假天数更少，而且通过一起运动保持健康有助于建立公司忠诚度，这比健康方面更重要，由此可看出为员工的身体健康所做的努力能带来各种好处。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“In Finland, it’s a basic duty for the government to provide the public with sporting possibilities.(在芬兰，政府为公众提供体育活动的可能性是一项基本职责)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了芬兰政府为公众提供运动机会，从政府建设体育设施，到芬兰人积极参与运动，再到雇主鼓励员工参与运动以及运动带来的多方面好处等内容，整体围绕芬兰如何将运动融入日常生活展开。A选项“How Can Finns Make Sports Part of Daily Life?(芬兰人如何让运动成为日常生活的一部分？)”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·辽宁辽西部分高中协作体·期中）Each year, people buy millions of aquarium (水族箱) fish. Most of the fish species have a natural life span of at least several years. Some of them can live up to a decade or more in the wild. But somehow most of the fish died within weeks or even within hours after you had bought there. For sure, fish are weak creatures compared to us. It does not mean they died for no reason at all. Since fish have no body heat, they are sensitive to sudden changes in water temperature. Water pH and water hardness can also affect them if there is a sudden change. Most of the quick deaths of fish are due to shock. Tap water is not a perfect choice for aquarium fish because of the chlorine (氯) in the tap water, which can kill the fish. So the best way is to just put the tap water in the sun for a few days. Fish need oxygen in the water. They will die if the oxygen in the aquarium runs out. Several things can cause it to happen. The aquarium is too small, that is, less water means less oxygen. The aquarium is too crowded, for the more fish you have, the more oxygen they need. The temperature is too high, because the higher the water temperature, the less dissolved oxygen. Overfeeding the fish can cause a digestive (消化的) problem and kill the fish directly. More food than it is needed can also cause water pollution and create more harmful waste which will kill the fish too. Feed the fish only once a day, with no more food than they can eat in less than a minute. In this case, less is better. 1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To make the article interesting. B. To bring forward the topic. C. To state some facts about aquarium fish D. To provide some advice for the readers. 2.Why are fish sensitive to the sudden changes of water temperature? A. Because they are warm- blooded. B. Because they are very weak. C. Because they live in the water. D. Because they have no body heat. 3.What’s the purpose of putting tap water in the sun? A. To warm the water. B. To let out the chlorine. C. To kill the viruses. D. To make the water clear. 4.What can be inferred about aquarium fish? A. They prefer high water temperature. B. They live longer in the small aquarium. C. They can cause serious water pollution. D. They should be fed according to their need. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章分析了买回家的观赏鱼会死亡的原因。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, people buy millions of aquarium (水族箱) fish. Most of the fish species have a natural life span of at least several years. Some of them can live up to a decade or more in the wild. But somehow most of the fish died within weeks or even within hours after you had bought there. For sure, fish are weak creatures compared to us. It does not mean they died for no reason at all.(每年，人们购买数以百万计的水族馆鱼类，大多数鱼类的自然寿命至少有几年。它们中的一些能在野外生存十年甚至更久。但不知怎么的，大多数鱼在你买到之后几周甚至几小时内就死了。可以肯定的是，鱼类和我们相比是弱小的生物。这并不意味着他们毫无理由的死去)”可知，第一段主要介绍了观赏鱼买回家后会迅速死亡，结合下文可知，下文分析了其迅速死亡的原因，由此可推知，第一段的目的是为了提出本文论述的话题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since fish have no body heat, they are sensitive to sudden changes in water temperature.(由于鱼没有体温，它们对水温的突然变化很敏感)”可知，鱼对水温的突然变化很敏感是因为它们没有体温。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tap water is not a perfect choice for aquarium fish because of the chlorine (氯) in the tap water, which can kill the fish. So the best way is to just put the tap water in the sun for a few days.(自来水对水族箱里的鱼来说并不是完美的选择，因为自来水中的氯会杀死鱼。所以最好的办法就是把自来水放在阳光下晒几天)”可知，把自来水放在阳光下的目的是为了去除水中的氯。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“More food than it is needed can also cause water pollution and create more harmful waste which will kill the fish too. Feed the fish only once a day, with no more food than they can eat in less than a minute. In this case, less is better.(超过所需的食物也会造成水污染，并产生更多有害废物，从而杀死鱼类。每天只喂鱼一次，食物量不要超过它们一分钟内能吃完的量。在这种情况下，少喂一些更好)”可推知，观赏鱼应该根据它们的需求来喂食，少喂一些更好。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·辽宁县域重点高中·期中）Researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) and brain scanning (扫描) technology to study the brain activity of students with math learning disabilities. This research aims to better understand the neurological (神经系统的) reasons behind these challenges, which affect one in five students in the United States. The study built on years of research into how learning disabilities affect children’s brains. By using new AI tools, the team was able to explore these problems in greater detail. The study created “digital twins” — AI models that copy the brain activity of real students as they solve math problems. The researchers tested 45 students, aged 7 to 9, including 21 with math learning disabilities. While the students solved basic addition and subtraction (减法) problems, their brain activity was tracked by a brain scanning machine. The AI models, or “digital twins”, were then trained to copy the students’ answers and brain activity. The results were surprising. It turned out that the problem wasn’t too little brain activity, as many had thought, but too much. The students with learning disabilities showed signs of too much excitement in brain areas connected to math. The digital twins showed the same patterns, which means that too much neural activity could cause confusion in solving math problems. The study suggests that students with learning disabilities may need more training to better their performance. The researchers hope that their “digital twins” can be used to create personalized learning plans for students, helping to design more effective educational programs. However, a researcher said that we cannot overread the results. The model needs refinement. There is more work to do, but it does point in some promising new directions for further research. “The study makes us have a system to test targeted strategies before trying them in real classrooms,” Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford, said. “That can speed up the ability to design effective educational programs and make real progress for kids with math learning disabilities.” 1.What is the purpose of the Stanford University study? A. To change the existing education system. B. To teach students better math learning methods. C. To raise solutions to challenges facing teachers. D. To find out the neurological causes of math learning disabilities. 2.What were the students asked to do during the experiment? A. Design an AI model. B. Join a math club together. C. Take notes about math. D. Work out math problems. 3.What does the underlined word “refinement” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Comments. B. Invention. C. Improvement. D. Responsibilities. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study? A. Its wide use. B. Its positive effects. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its difficulties. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的研究人员利用人工智能和脑部扫描技术，研究有数学学习障碍学生的大脑活动。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) and brain scanning (扫描) technology to study the brain activity of students with math learning disabilities. This research aims to better understand the neurological reasons behind these challenges, which affect one in five students in the United States. (斯坦福大学的研究人员使用人工智能和脑部扫描技术来研究有数学学习障碍的学生的大脑活动。这项研究旨在更好地理解这些挑战背后的神经学原因，这些挑战影响了美国五分之一的学生)”可知，斯坦福大学这项研究的目的是找出数学学习障碍的神经学成因。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers tested 45 students, aged 7 to 9, including 21 with math learning disabilities. While the students solved basic addition and subtraction (减法) problems, their brain activity was tracked by a brain scanning machine. (研究人员测试了45名7到9岁的学生，其中21名有数学学习障碍。当学生们解决基本的加减法问题时，他们的大脑活动被脑部扫描机器追踪)”可知，实验期间学生被要求解决数学题。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“However, a researcher said that we cannot overread the results. The model needs refinement. There is more work to do, but it does point in some promising new directions for further research. (然而，一位研究人员表示，我们不能过度解读这一结果。这个模型需要____。还有更多工作要做，但它确实为进一步研究指明了一些有希望的新方向)”可知，还有更多工作要做说明这个模型还需要改进、完善，所以refinement意为“改进”。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“That can speed up the ability to design effective educational programs and make real progress for kids with math learning disabilities. (这可以加快设计有效教育项目的能力，并为有数学学习障碍的孩子取得真正的进步)”可知，最后一段主要谈论了这项研究的积极影响。故选B项。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·辽宁县域重点高中·期中）On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet? Foraging can create a deep connection to nature. Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land, and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging. Foraging is the oldest way of getting food and is becoming very popular again. It is common among people who care about the environment and want to avoid pesticides and industrial food systems. However, its popularity has led to rules in some US national parks to limit how much people can gather. The effect of foraging on the environment is complicated. Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much. Sustainable foraging means taking only small amounts for yourself. But Dan Scott admits that if thousands of people foraged on the beach, it would not be sustainable. Health risks are another important thing to think about. Sivarajah warns that plants in cities can absorb harmful metals from car pollution. Seaweed has high levels of substances like arsenic and lead. The biggest danger, however, comes from picking the wrong thing. For example, he is very clear that looking for mushrooms needs learning from an expert, not just books, because deadly poisonous types exist. His advice is joining a group and learning from experienced people. 1.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By answering some questions. C. Through a brief comparison. D. Through a personal experience. 2.What is Dan Scott’s attitude towards Janani Sivarajah’s opinion? A. Unclear. B. Supportive. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 3.Why are people prevented from foraging in some parks in Canada? A. Foraging can have bad effects on local wildlife. B. Foraging causes local farmers to make less money. C. Foraging often leads to people picking up some poisonous plants. D. Foraging influences the development of Canada’s food systems. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why is foraging a valuable practice? B. The benefits and challenges of foraging C. Methods of foraging for seaweed safely D. Why is foraging becoming popular again? 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“觅食”这一行为展开，先是通过作者参加海藻搜寻课程的个人经历引出话题，随后介绍了其能让人们与自然建立深厚联系、作为古老觅食方式重新流行等益处，同时也阐述了其可能耗尽野生动物资源、存在健康风险等挑战。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet?(在英格兰侏罗纪海岸一个温暖的四月夜晚，我参加了一门海藻搜寻课程。我们的向导丹・斯科特教我们认识了海藻的不同部分，如何通过切割而不伤害植株的方式可持续地采摘，以及哪些种类的海藻可以安全食用。这次经历让我思考：觅食能帮助我们与自然重新建立联系，对地球有益吗？)”可推知，作者通过自身参加海藻搜寻课程的个人经历引出了主题。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging.(城市觅食研究者贾纳尼·西瓦拉贾说，这能让人们团结在一起，让人们与土地建立联系，让人们回归本源。丹·斯科特对此表示赞同，他认为教人们认识可食用植物，会让他们在觅食时更有可能保护自然)”可推知，丹·斯科特对贾纳尼·西瓦拉贾的观点持支持态度。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much.(觅食会耗尽野生动物所需的当地资源，尤其是当这种行为是为了赚钱时。法律体现了这些担忧，因此加拿大的一些公园禁止觅食，英国国民信托基金警告不要采食太多)”可知，加拿大一些公园禁止觅食是因为这种行为会对当地野生动物产生不良影响。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据各段核心内容：第一段引出觅食的话题；第二段介绍觅食能让人与自然建立深厚联系的好处；第三段提到其作为古老获取食物的方式重新流行；第四段说明其对环境的复杂影响及相关限制；第五段指出其存在的健康风险及建议。由此可知，文章围绕觅食的益处和面临的挑战展开。The benefits and challenges of foraging(觅食的好处和挑战)适合作本文标题。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $