专题05 阅读理解（七选五）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高三英语上学期

函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（七选五） 基础必练 Passage 1 【答案】1.A 2.C3.E 4.F 5.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A4.G 5.F Passage 3 【答案】1.G 2.B3.C4.A 5.D Passage 4 【答案】1.B 2.C3.E4.A 5.D Passage 5 【答案】1.G 2.A3.B4.E5.D Passage 6 【答案】1.G 2.F3.C 4.E 5.B 进阶提升 Passage 1 【答案】1.G 2.F3.D 4.c 5.B Passage 2 【答案】1.F 2.B3.D4.G 5.E Passage 3 Passage 4 【答案】1.D 2.A3.G4.B5.F Passage 5 【答案】1.B 2.C3.A4.E 5.G 1/2 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 6 【答案】1.D 2.F3.G 4.B 5.E Passage 7 【答案】1.D 2.G3.B4.F 5.A Passage 8 【答案】1.F 2.G3.C4.D 5.B Passage 9 【答案】1.F 2.B3.C4.G 5.A Passage 10 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.E 4.F 5.A 拓展培优 Passage 1 【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.F Passage 2 【答案】1.F 2.B3.G4.E 5.A Passage 3 【答案】1.D 2.F3.B4.G 5.A Passage 4 【答案】1.C 2.E3.B4.G 5.A 212 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） Passage 1 （25-26高三上·北京东直门·期中）Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. 1 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 2 This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. 3 The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. 4 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 5 In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. E 4. F 5. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高智商也会经历负面事件，甚至更容易有精神障碍。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“There are advantages to being smart.(聪明是有好处的)”与下文“The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.(研究人员对比了那些报告失调的人与全国平均水平的比例，发现门萨的高智商成员更有可能患有一系列严重的失调)”形成正反对比，上文讲述积极意义对高智商者有利，而下文的消极影响对于高智商者则是坏消息。所以A 选项Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.(现在有些坏消息要告诉那些聪明人)符合上下语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，本句应与an astonishing sound和conflict with another person有关。据此，C选项It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.(这是对环境威胁或虐待的异常强烈的反应)分别与an astonishing sound、conflict with another person相一致。故选C。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent.(一个高智商的人可能会过度分析老板不赞成的评论，想象出一些不那么聪明的人不会想到的负面结果)”和“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，太多的负面结果会使人焦虑，且高智商人可能会与老板发生矛盾，因此更容易焦虑。E选项That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.(这可能会引起身体的应激反应，从而使人更加焦虑)与文意相符。故选E。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.(研究表明，智商高的人比普通人更容易患精神障碍，这并不能证明高智商是导致精神障碍的原因)”可知，高智商人更容易患精神障碍的原因可能不是高智商，而是其他原因。F选项It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.(也有可能加入门萨的人除了智商之外还有其他不同之处)符合文意。故选F。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy , which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的基因时就会发生这种多效性特征)”和下文“In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在罗莎琳德·阿登和她的同事们在2015年的一项研究中得出结论，智商与长寿之间的关联是不确定的主要是遗传因素造成的)”可知，上文讲的是一种结论，而后文则是一项实际研究的结果。B选项There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.(已经有一些证据表明这是事实)符合上下语境。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·北京顺义牛栏山第一中学·期中）Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction. 1 By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable. We can divide daily activities into four categories: Pleasing, Living, Agonizing, and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. 2 In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. 3 They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice. 4 The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses (剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax. 5 Once you've reflected on how you spend your time, aim for one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do more — perhaps a short walk, trying something new, or working on a project aligned with your values. Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A. Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B. The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C. Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed. D. These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E. Unlike Pleasing activities, Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention. F. But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G. While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. G 5. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍日常活动的四类划分与特点，建议用有意义活动替代消耗性活动。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction.(现代生活为我们提供了无数种打发日子的方式，但并非所有活动都能带来相同的满足感。)”以及下文“By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable.(通过了解我们所参与的不同类型的活动，我们可以做出更有意的选择，创造一种既有意义又充满乐趣的生活。)”可知，空处应承接上文“并非所有活动满足感相同”，并引出下文“不同类型活动”，C选项“Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed.(有些活动能立即让我们振奋，有些会给我们带来挑战，而有些则在不知不觉中让我们疲惫不堪。)”具体说明了不同活动的不同影响，符合“不同类型活动”的语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello.(愉悦型活动是低投入、高回报的时刻。它们几乎不需要计划或时间——比如在大自然中散步、听自己喜欢的播放列表，或者打电话给朋友只是打个招呼。)”以及下文“In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures.(事实上，最能恢复精力的体验往往来自这些微小的日常乐趣。)”中的“In reality”可知，空处应讲述人们对这些日常愉悦活动的错误看法，D选项“These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event.(这些简单的快乐常常被忽视，因为人们认为乐趣必须涉及一件大事。)”既指代上文提到的“在大自然中散步”等简单愉悦活动，又与下文内容形成对比，符合语境。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 根据下文“They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth.(起初它们可能会让人觉得有挑战性，但它们与你的价值观相符，并能给你带来强烈的意义感。这可能是学习一项新技能，或者通过完成一个高要求的项目走出自己的舒适区。这样的体验比愉悦型活动需要更多的努力，但它们会让你感觉更有活力，对个人成长至关重要。)”可知，本段介绍的活动类型具有“有挑战性、符合价值观、促进个人成长”的特点，结合前文已介绍“Pleasing activities”，此处应是介绍第二类活动“Living activities”，A选项“Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits.(成长型活动是那些能让你突破自我极限的活动。)”既点明了活动类型，又“突破自我极限”与下文“有挑战性、走出舒适区”相呼应，符合语境，可作本段小标题。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice.(与这些令人满足的体验相反，煎熬型活动是那些你觉得必须做但却会耗尽你精力且几乎带不来乐趣的活动。它们可能包括不愉快的任务、自我强加的义务，或者如果可以选择你会避免的家务。)”以及下文“The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful.(我们的目标不是消除所有煎熬型活动，而是改进你处理它们的方式，让它们不那么消耗精力或更具目的性。)”可知，空处应围绕“煎熬型活动是否可消除”展开，G选项“While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly.(虽然有些是不可避免的，但当你诚实地审视它们时，很多其实是可以选择的。)”既承认了部分煎熬型活动的必然性，又说明部分可选择，与下文“不是消除所有”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses(剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax.(消磨型活动不需要太多努力，但也提供不了多少满足感。这些活动包括无意识地刷社交媒体、看平庸的娱乐节目，或者在不紧急的情况下反复查看收件箱。少量进行时，这类活动是无害的放松方式。)”可知，空处应讲述“大量进行消磨型活动”的负面影响，F选项“But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires.(但随着时间的推移，它们会取代有意义的体验，让你偏离真正的渴望。)”中“over time”与上文“in small doses”形成对比，“取代有意义的体验”点明了负面影响，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·北京顺义·期中）Once a niche (小众的) sport, rock climbing has become a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many. 1 However, with rock climbing’s rise in popularity, the amazing biodiversity sustained by cliff ecosystems is under pressure. To relieve this problem, there are numerous helpful acts you can do. The presence of climbers at the cliff where binds are nesting can cause them to abandon their chicks to starvation. You should check if there are any bird nesting restrictions in the areas where you plan to climb. 2 And some organizations have an online database you can check. Sometimes climbers also remove plants and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before so that it becomes more suitable for climbing. 3 Work with other route developers and conservationists to understand the potential impact of route development on the plants. 4 In the early days, climbers often collected data about the species and geography they encountered as part of an adventure. It is now much easier to contribute to science as a climber. Much of this comes down to the fact that each of us carries a tiny computer that can smoothly capture images, location, and sound and associate them with a timestamp-our smartphones! Actually, in many places, climber representative bodies are taking great steps to ensure climbing is managed sustainably. This involves cooperating with the authorities of natural parks, and conservation organizations so that agreements can be reached that minimize the impact of climbing on the environment while keeping regulations to a minimum. These organizations often have limited funds with which to achieve these goals and tend to rely on the support of volunteers. 5 A. You can help by becoming a citizen scientist. B. This information is usually available in climbing guidebooks. C. This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously. D. Why not get in touch with one that inspires you and ask what you can do? E. Keeping existing routes in good condition avoids the damage to vegetation. F. These data can then be accessed by scientists to avoid environmental issues on cliffs. G. The natural world offers an exciting adventure through beautiful environments filled with wildlife. 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在攀岩运动中应如何保护动植物。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“rock climbing has become a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many.( 攀岩已经成为许多人喜欢的主流娱乐活动。)”以及后文的“However, with rock climbing’s rise in popularity, the amazing biodiversity sustained by cliff ecosystems is under pressure. (然而，随着攀岩运动的兴起，悬崖生态系统所维持的惊人的生物多样性正面临压力。)”可知，空白处前后应该是转折关系，前文强调攀岩已经成为了主流娱乐活动，空白处后提到攀岩过程中会对岩壁的生态系统造成不良影响，而G 项“The natural world offers an exciting adventure through beautiful environments filled with wildlife.(通过充满野生动物的美丽环境，自然世界提供了令人兴奋的冒险。)”中的an exciting adventure与空白处前的a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many 相呼应，且与下文提到的不良影响形成对比，符合语境。故选G。 (2)题解析： 根据前文“ You should check if there are any bird nesting restrictions in the areas where you plan to climb.(你应该检查一下在你计划攀登的地方是否有鸟类筑巢的限制。)”以及后文“And some organizations have an online database you can check.(一些组织有一个你可以查询的在线数据库。)”可知，你应该检查一下你计划攀登的地方是否有鸟类筑巢的限制，而一些组织有一个你可以查询的在线数据库。所以空白处讲的也是在哪里查询该区域是否有鸟类筑巢限制，故B项“This information is usually available in climbing guidebooks.(此类信息通常可以在攀岩指南中找到)”，符合语境。故选B。 (3)题解析： 根据前文“Sometimes climbers also remove plants and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before so that it becomes more suitable for climbing.( 有时攀登者在建立以前没有攀登过的路线时也会清除植物和土壤，使其更适合攀登。)”可知，此处提到攀岩者在开辟适宜攀岩的路线时，通常会除去路上的植物和土壤；后文提到“Work with other route developers and conservationists to understand the potential impact of route development on the plants.( 与其他路线开发商和环保人士合作，了解路线开发对植物的潜在影响。)”，讲述需要了解线路开发对植被的潜在影响。故空白处应承上启下，提及为开辟新路可能对岩壁的生态系统产生的影响。因此，C项“This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously.(这可能会摧毁之前存在的悬崖生态系统)”，符合语境。故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据后文“Much of this comes down to the fact that each of us carries a tiny computer that can smoothly capture images, location, and sound and associate them with a timestamp - our smartphones! (这在很大程度上归结于我们每个人都携带着一台微型电脑，它可以流畅地捕捉图像、位置和声音，并将它们与时间戳相关联——我们的智能手机！)”可知，本段主要谈论由于智能手机的普及，我们为科学做贡献变得更为便利。A项“You can help by becoming a citizen scientist.(你可以通过成为一名公民科学家来提供帮助。)”概括本段主要内容，指出你可以通过智能手机或者当代科技的帮助来成为一名平民科学家收集物种或者地理的相关数据。故选A。 (5)题解析： 根据前文前提到“These organizations often have limited funds with which to achieve these goals and tend to rely on the support of volunteers. (这些组织实现这些目标的资金往往有限，往往依赖于志愿者的支持。)”可知，通过与自然保护组织合作，减少攀岩活动对环境的影响。但这些组织往往资金有限，依赖志愿者的支持。D项“Why not get in touch with one that inspires you and ask what you can do?(为何不联系一个能够激励你的组织，问问你能做些什么?)”符合语境，D项中的one 指代前文的conservation organization，并鼓励读者为什么不联系一个激励自己的组织，成为其中的志愿者，为在攀岩运动中保护动植物提供帮助，该选项符合语境。故选D。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·北京海淀·期中）Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.” 1 Darkness and fear may cloud our vision, but moments of light — like flashes in a storm — reveal that our goals and dreams remain. When overwhelmed by uncertainty, helplessness often takes over. Yet, as Thich Naht Hanh teaches, “The only way out is in.” 2 Positive psychology shows that trusting yourself depends on cultivating inner peace and recognizing your character strengths. Researchers studied 16,716 individuals from over 50 countries to understand traits linked to self-trust during uncertainty. They found that those with strong trust consistently reported greater inner peace. This group excelled in three emotional character strengths — gratitude, love, and hope. 3 Gratitude, the most studied of the three, is particularly powerful. It focuses on what has already happened, requiring no invention or manipulation. 4 Instead of recalling only average events, asking for “three things you were grateful for yesterday” directs the brain to retrieve positive experiences. Over time, this reshapes our perspective, helping us savor moments and feel better. Daily challenges — political, financial, or personal — are unavoidable, but they need not consume us. By practicing gratitude, we train our minds to notice what uplifts us. This shift in perception fosters self-trust, reminding us that peace and strength lie within. 5 Savor them. This simple practice opens the door to inner peace, proving that storms may rage, but stars still shine. With gratitude comes self-trust, and with self-trust comes a life of resilience and meaning. A. Practicing gratitude changes how our brain searches memories. B. This reminds us that even in difficult times, we can find guidance and hope. C. Inner strength allows us to shift our focus inward, finding calm amid chaos. D. Try it now: recall three experiences from the last 24 hours that made you grateful. E. They promote harmony and resilience, and importantly, they can be taught and developed. F. These strengths are valuable as they arise naturally in times of crisis and play a vital role in hardship. G. It mainly helps people forget negative experiences, allowing the brain to erase unpleasant memories over time. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出逆境中的出路在于向内寻求平静，而研究发现，感恩、爱与希望这三种情感力量能促进内在平静与韧性，其中练习感恩尤能重塑大脑对积极记忆的提取，从而建立持久的心理力量。 (1)题解析： 前文“Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.” (马丁·路德·金曾经说过：“只有当黑暗足够深时，才能看到那些星星。”)”引用马丁·路德·金的名言，后文“Darkness and fear may cloud our vision, but moments of light — like flashes in a storm — reveal that our goals and dreams remain. (黑暗和恐惧可能遮蔽我们的视野，但瞬间的光明——就像暴风雨中的闪光——表明我们的目标和梦想依然存在)”提到黑暗中仍有可能追寻目标和梦想，因此B项“This reminds us that even in difficult times, we can find guidance and hope. (这提醒我们即使在困难时期，也能找到指引和希望)”符合语境，点明名言的启发，承前启后，其中的This指代前文的名言。故选B。 (2)题解析： 前文“When overwhelmed by uncertainty, helplessness often takes over. Yet, as Thich Naht Hanh teaches, “The only way out is in.” (当被不确定性淹没时，无助感往往会取而代之。然而，正如一行禅师所说，“唯一的出路在内。”)”提到无助感与一行禅师的“出路在内”，后文“Positive psychology shows that trusting yourself depends on cultivating inner peace and recognizing your character strengths. (积极心理学表明，信任自己取决于培养内心平静和认识到自己的性格优势)”引出培养内心平静的研究，因此C项“Inner strength allows us to shift our focus inward, finding calm amid chaos. (内在力量让我们转向内心，在混乱中找到平静)”符合语境，解释“出路在内”的含义，承前启后，其中的Inner在后文有同词复现。故选C。 (3)题解析： 前文“They found that those with strong trust consistently reported greater inner peace. This group excelled in three emotional character strengths — gratitude, love, and hope. (他们发现，那些有强烈信任的人总是表现出更大的内心平静。这组人在三种情感性格优势上表现出色——感恩、爱和希望)”指出研究结果为感恩、爱、希望三种特质，此处需补充对这些特质的评价，因此E项“They promote harmony and resilience, and importantly, they can be taught and developed. (它们能促进和谐、增强适应力，而且重要的是，这些能力是可以通过教学来培养和提升的。)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的gratitude, love, and hope。故选E。 (4)题解析： 前文“It focuses on what has already happened, requiring no invention or manipulation. (它关注的是已经发生的事情，不需要创造或操纵)”指出感恩的特点，后文“Instead of recalling only average events, asking for “three things you were grateful for yesterday” directs the brain to retrieve positive experiences. Over time, this reshapes our perspective, helping us savor moments and feel better. (问“昨天你感激的三件事”，而不是只回忆一般的事情，可以引导大脑检索积极的经历。随着时间的推移，这会重塑我们的观点，帮助我们品味时刻，感觉更好)”介绍具体的训练感恩的方法，以及这一做法的好处，因此A项“Practicing gratitude changes how our brain searches memories. (练习感恩会改变大脑搜索记忆的方式)”符合语境，点明练习感恩与大脑搜索记忆之间的关联，承前启后。故选A。 (5)题解析： 前一段中“By practicing gratitude, we train our minds to notice what uplifts us. This shift in perception fosters self-trust, reminding us that peace and strength lie within. (通过训练感恩，我们训练我们的大脑去注意那些让我们振奋的事情。这种观念的转变培养了自信，提醒我们内心的平静与力量)”总结感恩训练的积极效果，后文“Savor them. This simple practice opens the door to inner peace, proving that storms may rage, but stars still shine. (品味它们。这个简单的练习打开了内心平静的大门，证明了风暴可能会肆虐，但星星仍然会发光)”给出进一步的做法，并用比喻描述其效果，其中的them需指代具体内容，因此D项“Try it now: recall three experiences from the last 24 hours that made you grateful. (现在试试：回忆过去24小时中三件让你感恩的事)”符合语境，建议尝试训练感恩，承接前一段内容，引出后文，其中的three experiences是后文them指代的对象。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高三上·北京昌平·期中）Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. 1 Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. 2 If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. 3 Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. 4 So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” 5 Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost. B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create. D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing. F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是仁爱冥想。 (1)题解析： 空格前说“Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time.(有时在我们的生活中，我们会遇到这样的问题：所爱的人和陌生人让我们烦恼。在家里，我们不得不忍受孩子们在网上会议时的尖叫，家人一直在电脑前)”，G选项“Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway.(在外面，我们遇到了在繁忙道路上超速行驶的司机和在地铁上大声说话的乘客)”中的“Outside”和前面的“At home”形成对比，“drivers”和“passengers”指的是前面的“strangers”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 (2)题解析： 空格前说“Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever.(善良似乎是遥远的记忆。与烦人的室友或邻居和平相处的能力似乎比以往任何时候都要困难)”，空格后说“If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.(如果我们把善良当作一种技能，让它成为日常练习，随着时间的推移，它会变得更容易)”可知，善良并没有消失，A选项“The good news is that it isn’t lost.(好消息是它没有丢失)”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 (3)题解析： 空格后说“Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times.(仁爱冥想（LKM）的起源可以追溯到早期的佛教，它帮助我们在困难时期找到彼此的同情)”可知，这是一种古老的做法，B选项“Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.(幸运的是，我们可以从古代的训练中寻求指导)”指出这是古老的方法，因此B选项引起下文，符合语境，故选B。 (4)题解析： 空格前“LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt.(默想可以帮助我们认识到我们所有人都是脆弱的，并且我们是被伤害过的)”和“imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.”(想象一个最受喜爱的家庭成员或者朋友给你发送信息“你要身体健康，开心和平静”)”结合两处可知。因为脆弱，更希望体会到温暖。选项E中，that代词可以明确指代前文提到的“we are all weak and have been hurt.”这个原因，“we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.”我们所有人都可以更好的体会爱的温暖为下文如何做，做了铺垫。故选E。 (5)题解析： 空格后说“Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life.(把“我”的名字换成老师或教练，然后是家人或朋友，然后是熟人，最后是你生活中不友好的人)”，因此此处有一个顺序，即越来越不喜欢。D选项“Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.(然后，按照喜爱程度减少的顺序，将祝福传递给他人)”，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25高三上·北京汇文中学·期中）Our Amazing Hands The hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing. 1 Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. The thumb alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves. The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible. 2 Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. 3 After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands. 4 This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network. The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A bird’s wing and a lion’s pa w may appear to have nothing in common. 5 It may just be a little more of one protein here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the outward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well. A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes. B. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form. C. It has kept that number for reasons scientists don’t yet know. D. No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other. E. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way. F. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope. G. The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure. 【答案】1. G 2. F 3. C 4. E 5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类手部的结构、功能、发展以及与其他动物手部结构的相似性，向读者展示了手的神奇之处和科学家们对手部研究的最新进展。 (1)题解析： 空后内容“Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. (仔细研究它，你会发现一些有趣的事情。)”中的“it”指代的就是手，这句话暗示了手的结构或特点很有趣，所以空处需要一个句子来承接前文并引出后文对手的研究。选项G“The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure. (我们能用手做这么多事情的原因是它们特殊的结构。)” 既承接了前文关于手可以用于多种用途的表述，又引出了后文对手的结构的研究，符合语境。故选G。 (2)题解析： 根据空前内容“The thumb alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves. The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible. (仅拇指就由九块独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组与神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。神经向每个指尖发出分支，这使得手指极其灵活。)”可知，上文提到了手指非常灵活。选项F“So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope. (所以你可以看到一位熟练的钟表匠在显微镜下用他的双手把弹簧放在适当的位置。)”为一个具体的例子，很好地说明了手指灵活性的实际应用，即手的结构使其能够完成精细的操作。故选F。 (3)题解析： 根据空前内容“But by the time vertebrates appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. (但在3.4亿年前脊椎动物出现的时候，手已经发展到只有五个手指了。)”可知，上文提到了手已经发展到了五个手指。选项C“It has kept that number for reasons scientists don’t yet know. (出于科学家们尚不知道的原因，它一直保持了这个数字。)”延续上文内容，指出了手指为什么保持五个的原因到现在还不清楚。故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据空前内容“After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular changes in hands. (经过多年的研究，科学家们开始了解手部的分子变化。)”可知，空处需要进一步说明这些分子变化的特点或影响。选项E“They also see that all hands start out in much the same way. (他们也看到所有的手都以非常相似的方式开始。)”延续上文内容，继续讲述手部的发展变化。故选E。 (5)题解析： 根据空前内容“The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A bird’s wing and a lion’s pa w may appear to have nothing in common. (这一发现使科学家们对手的发展有了更深入的了解。鸟的翅膀和狮子的爪子可能看起来没有什么共同之处。)”可知，上文提到了鸟的翅膀和狮子的爪子看起来似乎不同。选项B“But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form. (但它们之间的区别可能只是形态上的微小变化。)”解释了为什么不同的手部结构可能只是形态上的微小差异，这与后文提到的“It may just be a little more of one protein here, a little less of another there (这可能只是这里多一点某种蛋白质，那里少一点另一种蛋白质。)”相呼应，即手部结构的差异可能只是由蛋白质含量的微小变化引起的。故选B。 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京房山·期中）We’ve all experienced it: the urge to withdraw and duck experiences we know we’ll enjoy — even when a mood boost is what we need most. We skip the birthday party. We cancel lunch. So how do you find the motivation to get out there, especially when you’re feeling lonely? 1 Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can develop. Almost anyone can learn to increase their reward sensitivity by training themselves to notice and enjoy their positive emotions. 2 When it comes to mental health treatment, doctors and therapists tend to focus on easing their patients’ negative symptoms — they want “to take away the bad,” explained Alicia Meuret, a professor of psychology. 3 Improving positive emotions can be a higher priority for patients than containing their depressive symptoms. And researches show that treatments based on this idea can be effective. To raise your reward sensitivity, you can try an exercise based on the treatment plans in these studies. Make it a daily practice for as long as it’s helpful, but commit to at least a week. Begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of accomplishment. 4 Be realistic — it can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack, reading a few pages of a novel or Face Timing a friend. 5 Many of us struggle to label our positive emotions much beyond fine, good or great. But research suggests that finding more words to describe those feelings can validate and intensify them, Meuret said. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be precise, using words like serene, elated, exhilarated, delighted, and inspired. A. Besides, you can share your positive feelings. B. Also, you can expand your joy vocabulary. C. This will make you less likely to postpone positive experiences. D. Yet most of us don’t just need to reduce pain, we also need to boost joy. E. We showed significantly improved feelings of optimism. F. That’s even true for people with depression and anxiety who struggle to experience pleasure. G. One proven strategy is to strengthen your reward sensitivity. 【答案】1. G 2. F 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何增强幸福动力。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“So how do you find the motivation to get out there, especially when you’re feeling lonely?(那么，当你感到孤独的时候，你是如何找到摆脱孤独的动力的呢？)”抛出问题，提到如何找到摆脱孤独的动力。结合选项G项One proven strategy is to strengthen your reward sensitivity.（一个行之有效的策略是增强你对奖励的敏感度。）可知，为解释上文中如何摆脱孤独的动力的方法，承接上文内容，为对上文问题的回答，上下文紧密连接。故选G项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“Almost anyone can learn to increase their reward sensitivity by training themselves to notice and enjoy their positive emotions.(几乎每个人都可以通过训练自己注意并享受自己的积极情绪来提高对奖励的敏感度。)”可知，提到几乎每个人都可以享受自己的积极情绪来提高对奖励的敏感度。结合选项F项That’s even true for people with depression and anxiety who struggle to experience pleasure.（这甚至适用于患有抑郁症和焦虑症的人，他们很难体验到快乐。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“When it comes to mental health treatment, doctors and therapists tend to focus on easing their patients’ negative symptoms — they want “to take away the bad,” explained Alicia Meuret, a professor of psychology.(心理学教授艾丽西亚·默雷特解释说，当涉及到心理健康治疗时，医生和治疗师倾向于把重点放在缓解病人的负面症状上——他们想要“带走不好的东西”。)”可知，讲的是医生和治疗师倾向于把重点放在缓解病人的负面症状上。以及下文“Improving positive emotions can be a higher priority for patients than containing their depressive symptoms.(对患者来说，改善积极情绪比控制抑郁症状更重要。)”提到改善积极情绪比控制抑郁症状更重要。结合选项D项Yet most of us don’t just need to reduce pain, we also need to boost joy.（然而，我们大多数人不仅需要减少痛苦，还需要增加快乐。）可知，起到承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Make it a daily practice for as long as it’s helpful, but commit to at least a week. Begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of accomplishment.( 只要有帮助，就每天练习，但至少要坚持一周。从每天计划一项能让你快乐或给你成就感的活动开始。)”可知，讲的是每天计划一项能让你快乐或给你成就感的活动，进行积极的体验。结合选项C项This will make you less likely to postpone positive experiences.（这将使你不太可能推迟积极的体验。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选C项。 (5)题解析： 由该题位于该段句首，为总结该段内容。根据下文“Many of us struggle to label our positive emotions much beyond fine, good or great. But research suggests that finding more words to describe those feelings can validate and intensify them, Meuret said.( 我们中的许多人都很难给自己的积极情绪贴上“妙”、“好”或“伟大”之外的标签。但研究表明，寻找更多的词语来描述这些感觉可以证实和加强它们，默雷特说。)”可知，主要讲的是研究表明寻找更多的词语来描述积极情绪。结合选项B项Also, you can expand your joy vocabulary.（此外，你还可以扩展你的快乐词汇。）可知，和该段主旨意思一致，总结该段内容。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高三上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 1 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． 2 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed． 3 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure． 4 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． 5 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. D 4. G 5. E 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。 (1)题解析： 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 (2)题解析： 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。 (3)题解析： 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 (4)题解析： 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 (5)题解析： 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。 Passage 3 Passage 4 （24-25高三上·北京第四中学·期中）Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated. In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens. 1 Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64 point higher depression score. A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that "problematic social media use" was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. 2 There's one important thing to remember about survey research just because two things happen together, it's not necessarily true that one causes the other. 3 For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media. 4 If you think that we shouldn't paint social media with one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful. It’s certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad for your mood. It's also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it's safe to say that at least we shouldn't write off social media altogether. 5 Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch for coping with other stressors and mental health problems. A. It's the same with social media. B. Social media can be a double-edged sword. C. People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media. D. They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores. E. They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks. F. The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected. G. For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn't mean social media use causes depression. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. G 4. B 5. F 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，它对使用者的心理健康有影响，比较抑郁的人选择在社交媒体上花更多的时间，人们应该适度使用社交媒体并保持社交联系。 (1)题解析： 由下一句“具体来说，一个青少年每天花在社交媒体上的时间比她的同龄人多1个小时，她的抑郁得分可能高出0.64分。”可知，承接下文，D选项“他们发现使用社交媒体越多的人抑郁得分越高。”切题；该选项中的higher depression scores对应下文中的a 0.64 point higher depression score。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 由上一句“你可以在你的生活中拥有酒精，不让它成为一个问题，或者你的酒精使用可能成为一个问题。”可知，承接上文，A选项“社交媒体也是如此。”切题；该选项表示社交媒体使用和酒精使用一样，可能变成问题，也可能不是问题。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 由上一句“调查研究有一件重要的事情要记住，因为两件事同时发生，不一定一件事导致另一件事。”可知，承接上文，G选项“例如，仅仅因为较高的社交媒体使用量与较高的抑郁水平并存并不意味着社交媒体使用量会导致抑郁。”切题；该选项是对上文“it's not necessarily true that one causes the other.”的举例说明。故选G项。 (4)题解析： 由下文“一方面，参与者经常将社交媒体描述为应对压力的一种有价值的方式。另一方面，通过社交媒体进行网络欺凌也是参与者的常见经历。”可知，B选项“社交媒体可以是一把双刃剑。”切题；该选项中的a double-edged sword对应下文所提及的社交媒体的好坏两方面。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 由下一句“不管怎样，你不能把它作为一个依靠来应付其它的压力和心理健康问题。”可知，承接下文，F选项“从社交媒体中获益的关键可能在于适度使用社交媒体并保持社交联系。”切题；该选项中的using it in moderation and staying socially connected对应下文中的“不能把社交媒体作为应对压力和心理健康问题的一个依靠”。故选F项。 【点睛】第一、通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。 第二、明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第2、3小题都与它们的上文有联系。 第三、带入通读，复查。 做完题目切忌直接离开，这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做“连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。 Passage 5 （24-25高三上·北京中国人民大学附属中学·期中）This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 1 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 2 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 3 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 4 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 5 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. G 【解析】【导语】 本文属于说明文.本文介绍了白日做梦的概念，解释了为什么白日做梦者常常被认为粗神经，但也是某些创意和成就的背后推手。文章提出了一些有助于白日做梦的方法，以及如何避免在需要专注的时候白日做梦。最后强调，创意有时出其不意而又不可预测。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“ Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. (白日梦者的坏名声是他们对周围发生的事情一无所知。他们看起来健忘、笨拙。)”可知，此处强调白日梦者因为对周围发生的一切一无所知，所以看起来健忘、笨拙。B选项“They stare off into space and wander by themselves.(他们凝视着填空，独自踱步。)”与前文承接，指出白日梦者同样因为眼神放空，来回独自踱步而导致他们坏名声。同时该选项与后文“They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. (他们惹恼了我们，因为他们似乎忽略了我们，错过了重要的事情。)”构成并列，都在讲述白日梦者的坏名声来源，B选项符合语境，故选B。 (2)题解析： 根据前文“But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. (但是，人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。)”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，强调白日梦者们取得的巨大成绩即人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。后文应对此进行具体说明。C选项“Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes.(没有白日梦者们，我们就不会有相对论、可乐和便利贴。)”承接前文，指出人类历史中，白日梦者们做出的成绩，符合文意。故选C。 (3)题解析： 根据上句“Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. (感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。)”可知，此处强调感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。A选项“Having interesting things to think about also helps.( 思考有趣的事情也有帮助。)”符合语境，思考兴趣的事情也可以帮助你进入梦乡。此处的also与前文构成并列关系，符合语境。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 根据前文“It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.(同样重要的是，知道如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦。“正念”，集中注意力，是一些人用来避免入睡的工具。)”可知，此处强调的是如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦，如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，集中注意力是一种方式。E选项“It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.(它包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注。)”选项中的it指代前文提到的集中注意力的方式，包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注，符合语境。故选E。 (5)题解析： 根据前文“Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away(最后，你永远不知道当你的大脑慢慢移动时，会有什么绝妙的想法出现)”可知，此处强调你确定不了自己大脑在运转时会有怎样的想法出现，后文应该强调对此问题如何解决。G选项“Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.( 因此，当你处于白日梦状态时，在身边放一个笔记本或录音机是个好主意。)”承接前文，指出应该带一个本子随时记，随时记录自己的想法。该选项符合语境。故选G。 Passage 6 （23-24高三上·北京市北京师范大学附属中学·期中）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 (1)题解析： 根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 (2)题解析： 根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 (3)题解析： 空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 (4)题解析： 根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 (5)题解析： 根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 【点睛】 Passage 7 （23-24高三上·北京大兴·期中）As seasons change, you can do the same with your wellness routine. When winter comes, you can adapt your seasonal healthy habits to suit your surroundings. Whether you live in a cold climate or closer to the warm place, you can use the change in seasons as an opportunity to stay healthy. 1 Fuel your body with winter vegetables. If you live in a climate with four seasons, only the strong survive when it comes to vegetables. Why not take advantage of the season by eating what grows at this time of year? Vegetables and leafy greens come packed with nutrients. 2 Focus on mental health. Often, well-being focuses more on the physical side of staying healthy. 3 Winter is an especially crucial time to care for your mental health, as limited sunshine and time outside can lead to seasonal mood decline. Try something new to stay active. Wintertime can mean shorter days and colder temperatures. This can often put staying active on the back burner, especially with unpleasant temperatures outside. Why not take the change in seasons as an opportunity to try something new? 4 The exercise may help balance your mood, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve sleep. 5 Volunteering may improve mental health and could reduce depression. What do you have to offer to help others? Often during the winter holidays, organizations run seasonal donations, like collecting canned goods, blankets, and clothing. You could look for more hands-on ways to get involved. Even just a small act of kindness this winter can go a long way, both for your mental health and the well-being of others. A. Commit to an act of kindness. B. But mental health is just as important. C. Why don’t you eat enough vegetables? D. Here are some winter wellness routines. E. This can help you keep your wellness in winter. F. Maybe you can enjoy cold outdoor activities, like skiing. G. Look for local winter vegetables native to your area at a local farmer's market. 【答案】1. D 2. G 3. B 4. F 5. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些冬季养生建议。 (1)题解析： 上文“Whether you live in a cold climate or closer to the warm place, you can use the change in seasons as an opportunity to stay healthy.”（无论你是住在寒冷的地方还是靠近温暖的地方，你都可以利用季节的变化来保持健康。）并结合下文每段给出的冬季养生建议可知，D项“Here are some winter wellness routines.”（这里有一些冬季养生的习惯。）承上启下，衔接恰当。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 上文“Why not take advantage of the season by eating what grows at this time of year? Vegetables and leafy greens come packed with nutrients.”（为什么不利用这个季节，吃一年中这个时候生长的东西呢?蔬菜和绿叶蔬菜富含营养。）说明要吃应季蔬菜，G项“Look for local winter vegetables native to your area at a local famer’s market.”（在当地的农贸市场寻找当地的冬季蔬菜。）给出具体的寻找应季蔬菜的地点，衔接恰当。故选G项。 (3)题解析： 上文“Often, well-being focuses more on the physical side of staying healthy.”（通常，幸福更多地关注于保持健康的身体方面。）说明身体健康是幸福的一个标志，B项“But mental health is just as important.”（但心理健康也同样重要。）与前文构成转折，引出心理健康同样重要，衔接下文“Winter is an especially crucial time to care for your mental health”（冬天是一个特别重要的时刻来关注你的心理健康）说明冬季养生还要关注心理健康，衔接恰当。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 上文“Why not take the change in seasons as an opportunity to try something new? ”（为什么不把季节的变化作为一个尝试新事物的机会呢?）提出要尝试新鲜事物的建议，F项“Maybe you can enjoy cold outdoor activities, like skiing.”（也许你可以享受寒冷的户外活动，比如滑雪。）提出具体的建议，衔接下文“The exercise may help balance your mood, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve sleep.”（该锻炼可以帮助你平衡情绪，强健骨骼和肌肉，改善睡眠。）说明该运动的好处。故选F项。 (5)题解析： 下文“Volunteering may improve mental health and could reduce depression. What do you have to offer to help others?”（志愿服务可以改善心理健康，减少抑郁。你有什么可以帮助别人的?）说明乐于助人的重要性，A项“Commit to an act of kindness.”（致力于行善。）引出下文，行善的好处及具体的做法，衔接恰当。故选A项。 Passage 8 （23-24高三上·北京房山良乡中学·期中）As the weather is colder and daytime shorter, many of us may experience changes to our energy, mood and overall well-being. 1 Spend time in nature each day 2 During the winter months when our daylight hours are shorter, it is even more beneficial to get outside and breathe fresh air daily. Although many of our climates do not provide a lot of vitamin D in the winter months, every little bit counts. Drink plenty of water When it's cold outside, we often reach for a warm cup of coffee or tea. Both drinks have antioxidant properties, but it is important to consume adequate water to stay hydrated. Purchase a large water bottle of 32 ounces or more, so that a few fill-ups get you enough. 3 So when you are thirsty, the first thing you reach for is water. Feel connected to others Rain, snow and freezing temperatures make it more frightening to leave the house and brace the elements to connect with people. During winter, it is normal to feel more lonely after spending more time at home, especially if you also study or work from home. 4 Plan to meet at least once a month at a favorite spot. Invite a friend or family member for a walk. Select a favorite park to meet at and get some steps and time in nature! 5 Spring and summer are energetically very busy, fruitful times when we naturally feel more active and enjoy packing our days with lots of activity. The fall and winter are a time to slow down and go inward, letting go of what no longer serves us and building up our reserves. A. Prepare warm, nourishing dishes. B. Accept the change by slowing down. C. Keep your water bottle on your desk or workspace. D. Schedule a standing coffee or lunch date with a friend. E. If you follow the rules above, you will surely feel much better. F. Here are some ideas to help you feel best during the winter months. G. Research shows spending time in nature makes for positive mental well-being. 【答案】1. F 2. G 3. C 4. D 5. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了在冬季可以使人们感觉最好的一些方法。 (1)题解析： 根据空前“As the weather is colder and daytime shorter, many of us may experience changes to our energy, mood and overall well-being. （随着天气变冷，白天变短，我们中的许多人可能会经历能量、情绪和整体幸福感的变化）”以及下文中给出了四点在冬天让人感觉良好的建议可知，本空处在第一段的最后，起着统领全文的作用，本文主要介绍了怎样在冬天保持良好的情绪的方法，所以F项“以下是一些帮助你在冬季感觉最好的方法。”符合语境。故选F。 (2)题解析： 根据标题“Spend time in nature each day（每天花时间在大自然中）”以及空后“During the winter months when our daylight hours are shorter, it is even more beneficial to get outside and breathe fresh air daily.（在白天较短的冬季，每天出门呼吸新鲜空气更加有益。）”可知，本空为段首主题句，本段主要讲述在冬天也要去接触大自然，会对身心有益。G项中的“spending time in nature makes for positive mental well-being（花时间在大自然中有助于获得积极的精神健康）”能够呼应大标题，适合做本题的主题句。故选G。 (3)题解析： 根据空后“So when you are thirsty, the first thing you reach for is water.（所以当你口渴的时候，你首先要得到的就是水。）”可知，当你口渴时能得到水，你能得到水的原因应该是水瓶就在你的附近。C项“把水瓶放在办公桌或工作区上。”符合语境。故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据空前“During winter, it is normal to feel more lonely after spending more time at home, especially if you also study or work from home. （在冬天，在家待了更多时间后感到更加孤独是正常的，尤其是如果你也在家学习或工作的话。）”以及下文“Plan to meet at least once a month at a favorite spot. Invite a friend or family member for a walk. Select a favorite park to meet at and get some steps and time in nature!（计划每月至少在最喜欢的地点见面一次。邀请朋友或家人散步。选择一个最喜欢的公园见面，在大自然中获得一些步骤和时间！）”可知，冬天在家在家待了更多时间后感到更加孤独是正常的，所以接下来列举了怎样才能让自己变成不孤单的办法。D项“安排一次与朋友一起喝咖啡或共进午餐的约会。”是让你保持不孤独的办法之一，符合语境。故选D。 (5)题解析： 根据下文“Spring and summer are energetically very busy, fruitful times when we naturally feel more active and enjoy packing our days with lots of activity. The fall and winter are a time to slow down and go inward, letting go of what no longer serves us and building up our reserves.（春天和夏天是充满活力的忙碌、富有成果的时期，我们自然会感到更加活跃，并享受用大量活动充实我们的生活。秋天和冬天是一个放慢脚步，向室内走的时候，放下不再为我们服务的东西，建立我们的储备。）”可知，本段主要讲述春天和夏天的是忙碌和收获的季节，而秋天和冬天需要我们放慢脚步，为未来做准备，所以B项“放慢脚步，接受变化。”适合做本段的标题。故选B。 Passage 9 （23-24高三上·北京第十三中学·期中）Voluntourism Volunteering to help people in need combined with travelling to faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism. 1 They find it is the best way to get the best of the world. Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism. More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries. They help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farming work in developing countries. 2 They keep in touch with their host families after they return home, and many return to visit. There are many reasons why people want to engage in voluntourism. When people choose to join a voluntourism program, they are joining a global network of volunteers who are living and working with diverse cultures on projects that have a positive effect. The volunteers come from all over the world, and they will share the passion for giving back and the desire to broaden horizons. Some students also see it as a gap year after school, while others simply want to take time out from a job and do something else. 3 However, many voluntourists do not see volunteering as what it is. They think it is a cheap way of travelling and don't really want to get involved in hard work. While voluntourism has been around for over a century, modern volunteering started with the Peace Corps, a program that the US government started in the 1960s. From then on, voluntourism has become more and more popular. Many organizations start similar projects. 4 And they have hundreds of different types of programs for people to choose from in more than 30 developing countries. The programs run year round and each volunteer chooses when they want to start and the duration they would like to stay for. 5 They say that if people really want to help those in need, there are many opportunities in their own community to do this. On the other side, volunteers are often not skilled enough for the tasks that they do. Travel experts point out that in some cases voluntourists are often taken advantage of by the organization that sets up the trips. A. Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way. B. Some of them establish lasting bonds with people there. C. And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure. D. Most voluntourism organizations employ people from similar fields. E. By participating in voluntourism, they are contributing to local economy. F. People travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experiences. G. They offer voluntourism trips to suit people's interest, experience level or age. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. C 4. G 5. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了到遥远的地方旅行并且主动帮助有需要的人是旅游业的一个新趋势，它被称为公益旅行。 (1)题解析： 根据上文的提示“travelling to faraway places”，F项People travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experiences.（人们去其他国家旅行，学习语言，获得新的经历。）能够承接上文，并且下一句They find it is the best way to get the best of the world.（他们发现这是理解这个世界最好的方式。）在语意上与F连贯，该句子中的they指代F选项中的people。故选F。 (2)题解析： 下文提示“他们回国后与寄宿家庭保持联系，许多人还会回访。”承接下文，B项Some of them establish lasting bonds with people there.（他们中的一些人与那里的人们建立了持久的联系。）切题。该项中的bonds与下文的touch相吻合。故选B。 (3)题解析： 上文提示“一些学生也把它看作是放学后的空档年，而另一些学生只是想从工作中抽出时间来做些别的事情。”下文提示“然而，许多志愿游客并没有看到志愿活动的事实真相。”承接上下文，C项And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure.（还有一些人感到无聊，只想冒险。）切题。该项承接上文，且与上文一起通过However构成转折关系，故选C。 (4)题解析： 下文提示“他们有数百种不同类型的项目供30多个发展中国家的人们选择。”承接下文，G. They offer voluntourism trips to suit people’s interest, experience level or age.（他们提供符合人们兴趣、经验水平或年龄的志愿旅游。）切题。故选G。 (5)题解析： 该空位于段落首句。根据下文提示“他们说，如果人们真的想帮助那些需要帮助的人，在他们自己的社区里有很多这样做的机会。”承接下文，A项Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way.（并不是每个人都以积极的方式看待志愿旅游。）切题。故选A。 【点睛】 做七选五时，一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more/though等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上启下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第3小题，C项And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure.（还有一些人感到无聊，只想冒险。）切题。该项承接上文，且与上文一起通过However构成转折关系，故选C。 Passage 10 （23-24高三上·北京第八中学·期中）Optimism Bias (偏见) While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. 1 This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than reality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. 2 The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than those of our peers. And this overly positive assumption doesn’t mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. 3 People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer. Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over the world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times lead to negative outcomes like foolishly engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. 4 If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be successful, people are in fact more likely to be successful. 5 After all, if we didn’t believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their health such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet. A. Optimism also motivates us to pursue our goals. B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic. C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck. D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias. E. It can also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous results. F. This optimism enhances well-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future. G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. E 4. F 5. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕着乐观偏见展开，介绍了什么是乐观偏见以及乐观偏见的优缺点。 (1)题解析： 根据上文While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life.可知虽然我们通常认为自己是高度理性和逻辑性的，但研究人员发现，人类大脑有时过于乐观，不利于自身的健康。 如果你被要求估计你经历疾病、失业或事故的可能性，你可能会低估这些事件影响你生活的可能性。由此可知，本句承接上文，解释说明产生上述这种现象的原因。故D选项“这是因为你的大脑有一种内在的乐观偏见”符合上下文语境，故选D。 (2)题解析： 根据上文We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average.可知我们相信我们会活得更久，我们会比一般人更成功。由此可知，乐观偏见会让我们认为我们比其他人更幸运，本句则应当是表明不是每个人都这么幸运，与下文介绍乐观偏见的误区紧密联系。故C选项“但肯定不是每个人都有这样的运气”符合上下文语境，故选C。 (3)题解析： 根据后文People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer.可知人们可能会跳过每年一次的体检，不系安全带，或者不涂防晒霜，因为他们错误地认为自己不太可能生病、出事故或得皮肤癌。由此可知，下文提到的不去体检，不系安全带以及不涂防晒霜就是乐观偏见导致的决策失误以及带来的一系列后果，故E选项“它还会导致错误的决策，有时会导致灾难性的结果”符合上下文语境，故选E。 (4)题解析： 根据后文If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy.可知如果我们期待好事发生，我们就更有可能快乐。这种乐观可以作为一种自我实现的预言。由此可知，上文已经从乐观偏见带来的弊端转到好处，那么本句则是具体解释了乐观偏见带来的好处。故F选项“这种乐观主义通过创造一种对未来的期待来增强幸福感”符合上下文语境，故选F。 (5)题解析： 根据后文After all, if we didn’t believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying?可知毕竟，如果我们不相信我们能成功，我们为什么还要去尝试呢？由此可知，首先要有一个乐观的心态，认为自己能够成功，才有信心去尝试。本段是在说明乐观会激励人们追求目标。故A选项“乐观也会激励我们追求目标”符合上下文语境，故选A。 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期中）Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals. 1 There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head. 2 Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. 3 “The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. 4 Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. 5 “If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A. Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B. One common reason is that we simply forget them. C. Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D. A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E. The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F. Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G. Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One common reason is that we simply forget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 根据前文“People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 根据前文“Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are potential negative parts for it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。 (5)题解析： 根据前文“We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。 Passage 2 （23-24高三上·北京丰台·期中）All the feels You can make your picture book memorable by concentrating on emotional connection. This works across every principle of writing, regardless of age range or genre (文体), because it is universally recognized. 1 The reason why emotional connection works is that emotion is a fundamental human experience. 2 It also brings us together and reminds us that although we have differences, people are fundamentally the same. By bringing emotion into your story, you tap into that consciousness. The story feels more real to us. It is consistent with us, and as a result, we have a richer reading experience. 3 This is useful for your picture book writing, such as choosing vocabulary to use or adopting a suitable linguistic style. Once you know the genre of a book, you can think about the kind of emotional storytelling a reader would expect from this genre. For example, if it’s a funny picture book, your reader is clearly expecting to laugh. Make sure they laugh. If it’s an adventure story, your reader will be expecting to feel excitement, anticipation and probably a little mild fear. If it’s a heartwarming story, your reader expects to feel warm, comforted and overflowing with love. 4 Another reason for including emotion in your picture book is to really get your reader inside your character’s head. Firstly, it helps build on the young reader’s emotional development and understanding of self and others. 5 As well as caring about character, an emotion-filled picture book therefore keeps us on our toes. If you want your story to stand out amongst other stories, give your reader something to remember — a strong emotional connection. A. Secondly, it creates interest in the character. B. It helps us make sense of the world around us. C. An emotional ending in a picture book works well. D. When we feel something, we will have sharp minds. E. This is obviously not a complete list, but it is a starting point. F. Here is why it works and how you can use it in your picture book writing. G. Picture books have many different genres and your job is to know which genre your story sits in. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. G 4. E 5. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了情感联系让绘本令人难忘的原因以及如何在你的绘本写作中使用它。 (1)题解析： 根据下文“The reason why emotional connection works is that emotion is a fundamental human experience.(情感联系之所以有效，是因为情感是一种基本的人类体验。)”可知，空处总起全文，提出要解释情感联系在绘本中起作用的原因，F项的“Here is why”和下文的“The reason why”对应。F项：Here is why it works and how you can use it in your picture book writing.(下面是为什么它会起作用，以及如何在你的绘本写作中使用它。)符合语境。故选F。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“It also brings us together and reminds us that although we have differences, people are fundamentally the same.(它也让我们走到一起，提醒我们，虽然我们有差异，但人们从根本上是相同的。)”中的“also”可知，空处和下文一起说明在绘本中运用情感联系的好处。B项：It helps us make sense of the world around us.(它帮助我们理解周围的世界。)符合语境。故选B。 (3)题解析： 根据下文“This is useful for your picture book writing, such as choosing vocabulary to use or adopting a suitable linguistic style. Once you know the genre of a book, you can think about the kind of emotional storytelling a reader would expect from this genre.(这对你的绘本写作很有用，比如选择要使用的词汇或采用合适的语言风格。一旦你知道了一本书的文体，你就可以考虑读者希望从这种文体中看到什么样的情感故事。)”可知，本段主要讲述要首先确定绘本的文体，G项中的“genre”是本段的关键词。G项：Picture books have many different genres and your job is to know which genre your story sits in.(绘本有许多不同的类型，你的工作就是知道你的故事属于哪一种类型。)符合语境。故选G。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“For example, if it’s a funny picture book, your reader is clearly expecting to laugh. Make sure they laugh. If it’s an adventure story, your reader will be expecting to feel excitement, anticipation and probably a little mild fear. If it’s a heartwarming story, your reader expects to feel warm, comforted and overflowing with love.(例如，如果这是一本有趣的图画书，你的读者显然期待着笑。确保他们笑。如果这是一个冒险故事，你的读者会感到兴奋，期待，可能还有一点轻微的恐惧。如果这是一个暖心的故事，你的读者希望感受到温暖，安慰和充满爱。)”可知，上文列举了一些常见的情感类型，显然，这不是完整的清单。E项：This is obviously not a complete list, but it is a starting point.(这显然不是一个完整的清单，但它是一个起点。)符合语境。故选E。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“Firstly, it helps build on the young reader’s emotional development and understanding of self and others.(首先，它有助于建立年轻读者的情感发展和对自我和他人的理解。)”可知，A项中的“Secondly”与上文的“Firstly”对应，一起说明了在绘本中加入情感对于读者理解角色的好处。A项：Secondly, it creates interest in the character.(其次，它创造了角色的兴趣。)符合语境。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·北京朝阳·期中）There’s just something about Labubu. You hear the sound of opening a blind box, see that cheeky smile and suddenly you’re attracted. But once the excitement fades, you can’t help but wonder, why do we keep chasing more, even when we already have enough? Evolutionary psychology gives us a fascinating answer. A lot of what we do comes from what once helped our ancestors survive. 1 That could mean the difference between thriving (繁荣) and going without. Over generations, we’ve been wired to find joy in having more than we require. Labubu represents a modern form of this instinct (本能). The blind-box model mirrors ancestral uncertainty: investing effort toward an uncertain payoff with the possibility of a rare, high-status “secret” find. The uncertainty of the reward activates dopamine pathways in the brain. 2 This explains why collectors sometimes keep buying long after they’ve achieved their goal. 3 When collecting remains a source of joy and social connection, it can be adaptive. Many Labubu collectors share mini furniture, and fan-made content. 4 But when over-marketing and rocketing resale prices step in, the whole environment changes. Suddenly, it’s less about the joy of owning something you love and more about showing off or reselling it for a profit. In questioning whether hoarding is simply collecting gone mad, it becomes clear that human psychology hasn’t fundamentally changed. Social media, over-marketing, and resale culture supercharge ancient drives. The challenge is to keep those drives in balance. 5 Ask yourself: Does it truly spark joy or creativity? In the end, Labubu is more than a toy. It’s a little mirror, reflecting both our ancient instincts and modern anxieties, and showing just how easily a fun hobby can tip into full-blown craze. A. Collect what brings genuine pleasure. B. But how does collecting slip into disorder? C. Buyers don’t know which figure they will get. D. Back then, collecting was about saving tools or food for later use. E. Collecting becomes a problem when possessions damage our daily life. F. It makes us “want” the experience even when we already “have” enough. G. Such are forms of self-expression that enrich rather than mess up our life. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. B 4. G 5. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们为何会沉迷于收集Labubu盲盒玩具的心理机制。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“A lot of what we do comes from what once helped our ancestors survive. (我们所做的很多事情，都是源于那些曾经帮助我们的祖先生存下来的策略。)”提到进化心理学认为人类的很多行为源于祖先的生存需求，同时结合主题“收集”这一行为，设空句应讲述祖先的收集行为。选项D“Back then, collecting was about saving tools or food for later use. (那时，收集物品主要是为了日后使用而保存工具或食物。)”承接了“祖先生存”这一语境，解释了祖先收集行为的目的。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 前文“The uncertainty of the reward activates dopamine pathways in the brain. (奖励的不确定性会激活大脑中的多巴胺通路。)”提到“多巴胺通路被激活”，那么设空句紧跟其后，继续讲述激活多巴胺通路导致的后果。选项F“It makes us ‘want’ the experience even when we already ‘have’ enough. (它让我们即便已经拥有了足够的东西，仍“渴望”去体验那未曾拥有的事物。)”解释了多巴胺通路被激活后的心理效果，且与后文“This explains why collectors sometimes keep buying long after they’ve achieved their goal. (这就解释了为什么收藏者有时即便已经达成目标之后，仍会继续不断地购买。)”进一步构成“因果关系”。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 设空句为该段的首句，应是该段的中心主旨句。该段前部内容“When collecting remains a source of joy and social connection, it can be adaptive. (当收集物品成为一种带来快乐和促进社交的活动时，它就具有一定的适应性了。)”提到“收集带来快乐时具有适应性”，而后半段“But”句内容“But when over-marketing and rocketing resale prices step in, the whole environment changes. Suddenly, it’s less about the joy of owning something you love and more about showing off or reselling it for a profit. (但一旦过度营销和飞涨的转售价格介入，整个环境就会发生改变。突然之间，人们关注的焦点不再在于拥有自己喜爱之物所带来的快乐，而更多地在于炫耀或者通过转售来获取利润。)”则讲述了关于Labubu的“过度营销、炒价”问题，将“合理收集”与“无序收集” 形成对比，从而解释了“收集如何陷入无序”。选项B“But how does collecting slip into disorder? (但收藏物品怎么会变得无序起来呢？)” 以设问引出下文对两种情况的分析，起到承上启下的作用。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 根据前文“Many Labubu collectors share mini furniture, and fan-made content. (许多Labubu收藏者会共享小型家具以及自制内容。)”提到了Labubu收藏者的行为，设空处应是对这些行为进行积极解读。选项G“Such are forms of self-expression that enrich rather than mess up our life. (这些自我表达的形式丰富了我们的生活，而不是把我们的生活搞砸了。)”提到了积极意义，且句中“Such”指代前文具体行为。故选G项。 (5)题解析： 根据后文“Ask yourself: Does it truly spark joy or creativity? (问问自己：这样做真的能带来快乐或激发创造力吗？)”提出了一个关于“Labubu收集”的本质的疑问，设空句作为前一句，应是对收集的本质进行概括总结。选项A“Collect what brings genuine pleasure. (收集能带来真正快乐的东西。)”是收集的本质概括，置于该空后，后文在逻辑表达上与其紧密衔接。故选A项。 Passage 4 （23-24高三上·北京海淀·期中）Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a vegetable salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer? Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant. 1 What’s the distinction between “ultra-processed food(upf)” and “processed food”? Almost everything people consume is processed in some form. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “formulations of ingredients, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring advanced equipment and technology”. 2 The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf. Upf harms people in ways both known and unknown. It seems to affect the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways. Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity(肥胖症). Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people. 3 Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels. 4 Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly. If we are what we eat, considering the impact of upf is essential. 5 People who live in so-called “food swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live. There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should. A. Environment matters, too. B. It’s cheap to produce and buy. C. But that cheapness and abundance come at a cost. D. Even foods labeled “natural” or “organic” can be processed. E. A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food. F. Some people have a particular weakness for salty potato crisps. G. The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists. 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. B 4. G 5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了要警惕超加工食品的危害。 (1)题解析： 前文“Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant.(许多人本能地会说前者更健康，也许是出于对加工食品的隐约担忧。加工食品往往很美味。而且含有让人欢呼雀跃的又多又便宜的卡路里。)”讲述了许多人对加工食品表示担忧，并先肯定了加工食品的优点，所以空处应讲述加油食品让人担忧的方面，C项“但那种多和便宜是要付出代价的。”与上文形成转折，且选项中的“cheapness and abundance”对应前句中的“cheap and abundant”。故选C。 (2)题解析： 后文“The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf.(冰箱里的披萨是超加工食品，里面含有额外的、经过改良的成分。)”中的The one in the freezer与第一段中的“one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer”对应，所以空处应是讲述从头开始制作的披萨的情况，E项“从零开始制作的披萨含有最低限度的加工食品。”符合题意，选项中的“A pizza made from scratch”与第一段中的“a pizza made from scratch”对应。故选E。 (3)题解析： 前文“Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people.(超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，对穷人来说尤其如此。)”讲述了穷人用超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，空处应承接上文，陈述这么做的原因，B项“它的生产和购买成本低廉。”符合题意。故选B。 (4)题解析： 后文“Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly.(在少量使用时可能无害的添加剂，在与其他化学物质混合或经常摄入时可能会有害。)”讲述了有些添加剂在少量食用时无害，但在与其他化学成分混合或者经常使用时却有害，所以空处应是说超加工食品有害的原因并不总是很清晰。G项“超加工食品为何有害的原因并不总是清晰明了，甚至连科学家也不清楚。”符合题意。故选G。 (5)题解析： 后文“People who live in so-called ‘food swamps’, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live.(生活在所谓的‘食物沼泽’中的人们，那里的超加工食品无处不在，但真正的健康食物却很难获得，人们可能要花费大量的时间和金钱去寻找新鲜食物，但这并不是大多数人的生活方式。)”讲述了有些人生活在超加工食品泛滥的环境中，他们很难获得健康的食物，由此可知，人们所处的环境对健康也很重要。A项“环境也很重要。”符合题意。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） Passage 1 （25-26高三上·北京东直门·期中）Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. 1 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 2 This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. 3 The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. 4 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 5 In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·北京顺义牛栏山第一中学·期中）Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction. 1 By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable. We can divide daily activities into four categories: Pleasing, Living, Agonizing, and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. 2 In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. 3 They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice. 4 The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses (剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax. 5 Once you've reflected on how you spend your time, aim for one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do more — perhaps a short walk, trying something new, or working on a project aligned with your values. Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A. Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B. The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C. Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed. D. These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E. Unlike Pleasing activities, Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention. F. But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G. While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·北京顺义·期中）Once a niche (小众的) sport, rock climbing has become a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many. 1 However, with rock climbing’s rise in popularity, the amazing biodiversity sustained by cliff ecosystems is under pressure. To relieve this problem, there are numerous helpful acts you can do. The presence of climbers at the cliff where binds are nesting can cause them to abandon their chicks to starvation. You should check if there are any bird nesting restrictions in the areas where you plan to climb. 2 And some organizations have an online database you can check. Sometimes climbers also remove plants and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before so that it becomes more suitable for climbing. 3 Work with other route developers and conservationists to understand the potential impact of route development on the plants. 4 In the early days, climbers often collected data about the species and geography they encountered as part of an adventure. It is now much easier to contribute to science as a climber. Much of this comes down to the fact that each of us carries a tiny computer that can smoothly capture images, location, and sound and associate them with a timestamp-our smartphones! Actually, in many places, climber representative bodies are taking great steps to ensure climbing is managed sustainably. This involves cooperating with the authorities of natural parks, and conservation organizations so that agreements can be reached that minimize the impact of climbing on the environment while keeping regulations to a minimum. These organizations often have limited funds with which to achieve these goals and tend to rely on the support of volunteers. 5 A. You can help by becoming a citizen scientist. B. This information is usually available in climbing guidebooks. C. This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously. D. Why not get in touch with one that inspires you and ask what you can do? E. Keeping existing routes in good condition avoids the damage to vegetation. F. These data can then be accessed by scientists to avoid environmental issues on cliffs. G. The natural world offers an exciting adventure through beautiful environments filled with wildlife. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·北京海淀·期中）Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.” 1 Darkness and fear may cloud our vision, but moments of light — like flashes in a storm — reveal that our goals and dreams remain. When overwhelmed by uncertainty, helplessness often takes over. Yet, as Thich Naht Hanh teaches, “The only way out is in.” 2 Positive psychology shows that trusting yourself depends on cultivating inner peace and recognizing your character strengths. Researchers studied 16,716 individuals from over 50 countries to understand traits linked to self-trust during uncertainty. They found that those with strong trust consistently reported greater inner peace. This group excelled in three emotional character strengths — gratitude, love, and hope. 3 Gratitude, the most studied of the three, is particularly powerful. It focuses on what has already happened, requiring no invention or manipulation. 4 Instead of recalling only average events, asking for “three things you were grateful for yesterday” directs the brain to retrieve positive experiences. Over time, this reshapes our perspective, helping us savor moments and feel better. Daily challenges — political, financial, or personal — are unavoidable, but they need not consume us. By practicing gratitude, we train our minds to notice what uplifts us. This shift in perception fosters self-trust, reminding us that peace and strength lie within. 5 Savor them. This simple practice opens the door to inner peace, proving that storms may rage, but stars still shine. With gratitude comes self-trust, and with self-trust comes a life of resilience and meaning. A. Practicing gratitude changes how our brain searches memories. B. This reminds us that even in difficult times, we can find guidance and hope. C. Inner strength allows us to shift our focus inward, finding calm amid chaos. D. Try it now: recall three experiences from the last 24 hours that made you grateful. E. They promote harmony and resilience, and importantly, they can be taught and developed. F. These strengths are valuable as they arise naturally in times of crisis and play a vital role in hardship. G. It mainly helps people forget negative experiences, allowing the brain to erase unpleasant memories over time. Passage 5 （25-26高三上·北京昌平·期中）Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. 1 Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. 2 If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. 3 Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. 4 So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” 5 Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost. B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create. D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing. F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. Passage 6 （24-25高三上·北京汇文中学·期中）Our Amazing Hands The hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing. 1 Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. The thumb alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves. The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible. 2 Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. 3 After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands. 4 This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network. The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A bird’s wing and a lion’s pa w may appear to have nothing in common. 5 It may just be a little more of one protein here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the outward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well. A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes. B. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form. C. It has kept that number for reasons scientists don’t yet know. D. No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other. E. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way. F. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope. G. The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure. Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京房山·期中）We’ve all experienced it: the urge to withdraw and duck experiences we know we’ll enjoy — even when a mood boost is what we need most. We skip the birthday party. We cancel lunch. So how do you find the motivation to get out there, especially when you’re feeling lonely? 1 Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can develop. Almost anyone can learn to increase their reward sensitivity by training themselves to notice and enjoy their positive emotions. 2 When it comes to mental health treatment, doctors and therapists tend to focus on easing their patients’ negative symptoms — they want “to take away the bad,” explained Alicia Meuret, a professor of psychology. 3 Improving positive emotions can be a higher priority for patients than containing their depressive symptoms. And researches show that treatments based on this idea can be effective. To raise your reward sensitivity, you can try an exercise based on the treatment plans in these studies. Make it a daily practice for as long as it’s helpful, but commit to at least a week. Begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of accomplishment. 4 Be realistic — it can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack, reading a few pages of a novel or Face Timing a friend. 5 Many of us struggle to label our positive emotions much beyond fine, good or great. But research suggests that finding more words to describe those feelings can validate and intensify them, Meuret said. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be precise, using words like serene, elated, exhilarated, delighted, and inspired. A. Besides, you can share your positive feelings. B. Also, you can expand your joy vocabulary. C. This will make you less likely to postpone positive experiences. D. Yet most of us don’t just need to reduce pain, we also need to boost joy. E. We showed significantly improved feelings of optimism. F. That’s even true for people with depression and anxiety who struggle to experience pleasure. G. One proven strategy is to strengthen your reward sensitivity. Passage 2 （24-25高三上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 1 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． 2 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed． 3 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure． 4 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． 5 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． Passage 3 Passage 4 （24-25高三上·北京第四中学·期中）Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated. In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens. 1 Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64 point higher depression score. A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that "problematic social media use" was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. 2 There's one important thing to remember about survey research just because two things happen together, it's not necessarily true that one causes the other. 3 For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media. 4 If you think that we shouldn't paint social media with one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful. It’s certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad for your mood. It's also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it's safe to say that at least we shouldn't write off social media altogether. 5 Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch for coping with other stressors and mental health problems. A. It's the same with social media. B. Social media can be a double-edged sword. C. People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media. D. They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores. E. They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks. F. The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected. G. For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn't mean social media use causes depression. Passage 5 （24-25高三上·北京中国人民大学附属中学·期中）This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 1 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 2 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 3 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 4 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 5 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. Passage 6 （23-24高三上·北京市北京师范大学附属中学·期中）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. Passage 7 （23-24高三上·北京大兴·期中）As seasons change, you can do the same with your wellness routine. When winter comes, you can adapt your seasonal healthy habits to suit your surroundings. Whether you live in a cold climate or closer to the warm place, you can use the change in seasons as an opportunity to stay healthy. 1 Fuel your body with winter vegetables. If you live in a climate with four seasons, only the strong survive when it comes to vegetables. Why not take advantage of the season by eating what grows at this time of year? Vegetables and leafy greens come packed with nutrients. 2 Focus on mental health. Often, well-being focuses more on the physical side of staying healthy. 3 Winter is an especially crucial time to care for your mental health, as limited sunshine and time outside can lead to seasonal mood decline. Try something new to stay active. Wintertime can mean shorter days and colder temperatures. This can often put staying active on the back burner, especially with unpleasant temperatures outside. Why not take the change in seasons as an opportunity to try something new? 4 The exercise may help balance your mood, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve sleep. 5 Volunteering may improve mental health and could reduce depression. What do you have to offer to help others? Often during the winter holidays, organizations run seasonal donations, like collecting canned goods, blankets, and clothing. You could look for more hands-on ways to get involved. Even just a small act of kindness this winter can go a long way, both for your mental health and the well-being of others. A. Commit to an act of kindness. B. But mental health is just as important. C. Why don’t you eat enough vegetables? D. Here are some winter wellness routines. E. This can help you keep your wellness in winter. F. Maybe you can enjoy cold outdoor activities, like skiing. G. Look for local winter vegetables native to your area at a local farmer's market. Passage 8 （23-24高三上·北京房山良乡中学·期中）As the weather is colder and daytime shorter, many of us may experience changes to our energy, mood and overall well-being. 1 Spend time in nature each day 2 During the winter months when our daylight hours are shorter, it is even more beneficial to get outside and breathe fresh air daily. Although many of our climates do not provide a lot of vitamin D in the winter months, every little bit counts. Drink plenty of water When it's cold outside, we often reach for a warm cup of coffee or tea. Both drinks have antioxidant properties, but it is important to consume adequate water to stay hydrated. Purchase a large water bottle of 32 ounces or more, so that a few fill-ups get you enough. 3 So when you are thirsty, the first thing you reach for is water. Feel connected to others Rain, snow and freezing temperatures make it more frightening to leave the house and brace the elements to connect with people. During winter, it is normal to feel more lonely after spending more time at home, especially if you also study or work from home. 4 Plan to meet at least once a month at a favorite spot. Invite a friend or family member for a walk. Select a favorite park to meet at and get some steps and time in nature! 5 Spring and summer are energetically very busy, fruitful times when we naturally feel more active and enjoy packing our days with lots of activity. The fall and winter are a time to slow down and go inward, letting go of what no longer serves us and building up our reserves. A. Prepare warm, nourishing dishes. B. Accept the change by slowing down. C. Keep your water bottle on your desk or workspace. D. Schedule a standing coffee or lunch date with a friend. E. If you follow the rules above, you will surely feel much better. F. Here are some ideas to help you feel best during the winter months. G. Research shows spending time in nature makes for positive mental well-being. Passage 9 （23-24高三上·北京第十三中学·期中）Voluntourism Volunteering to help people in need combined with travelling to faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism. 1 They find it is the best way to get the best of the world. Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism. More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries. They help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farming work in developing countries. 2 They keep in touch with their host families after they return home, and many return to visit. There are many reasons why people want to engage in voluntourism. When people choose to join a voluntourism program, they are joining a global network of volunteers who are living and working with diverse cultures on projects that have a positive effect. The volunteers come from all over the world, and they will share the passion for giving back and the desire to broaden horizons. Some students also see it as a gap year after school, while others simply want to take time out from a job and do something else. 3 However, many voluntourists do not see volunteering as what it is. They think it is a cheap way of travelling and don't really want to get involved in hard work. While voluntourism has been around for over a century, modern volunteering started with the Peace Corps, a program that the US government started in the 1960s. From then on, voluntourism has become more and more popular. Many organizations start similar projects. 4 And they have hundreds of different types of programs for people to choose from in more than 30 developing countries. The programs run year round and each volunteer chooses when they want to start and the duration they would like to stay for. 5 They say that if people really want to help those in need, there are many opportunities in their own community to do this. On the other side, volunteers are often not skilled enough for the tasks that they do. Travel experts point out that in some cases voluntourists are often taken advantage of by the organization that sets up the trips. A. Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way. B. Some of them establish lasting bonds with people there. C. And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure. D. Most voluntourism organizations employ people from similar fields. E. By participating in voluntourism, they are contributing to local economy. F. People travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experiences. G. They offer voluntourism trips to suit people's interest, experience level or age. Passage 10 （23-24高三上·北京第八中学·期中）Optimism Bias (偏见) While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. 1 This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than reality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. 2 The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than those of our peers. And this overly positive assumption doesn’t mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. 3 People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer. Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over the world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times lead to negative outcomes like foolishly engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. 4 If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be successful, people are in fact more likely to be successful. 5 After all, if we didn’t believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their health such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet. A. Optimism also motivates us to pursue our goals. B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic. C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck. D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias. E. It can also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous results. F. This optimism enhances well-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future. G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors. Passage 1 （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期中）Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals. 1 There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head. 2 Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. 3 “The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. 4 Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. 5 “If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A. Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B. One common reason is that we simply forget them. C. Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D. A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E. The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F. Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G. Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. Passage 2 （23-24高三上·北京丰台·期中）All the feels You can make your picture book memorable by concentrating on emotional connection. This works across every principle of writing, regardless of age range or genre (文体), because it is universally recognized. 1 The reason why emotional connection works is that emotion is a fundamental human experience. 2 It also brings us together and reminds us that although we have differences, people are fundamentally the same. By bringing emotion into your story, you tap into that consciousness. The story feels more real to us. It is consistent with us, and as a result, we have a richer reading experience. 3 This is useful for your picture book writing, such as choosing vocabulary to use or adopting a suitable linguistic style. Once you know the genre of a book, you can think about the kind of emotional storytelling a reader would expect from this genre. For example, if it’s a funny picture book, your reader is clearly expecting to laugh. Make sure they laugh. If it’s an adventure story, your reader will be expecting to feel excitement, anticipation and probably a little mild fear. If it’s a heartwarming story, your reader expects to feel warm, comforted and overflowing with love. 4 Another reason for including emotion in your picture book is to really get your reader inside your character’s head. Firstly, it helps build on the young reader’s emotional development and understanding of self and others. 5 As well as caring about character, an emotion-filled picture book therefore keeps us on our toes. If you want your story to stand out amongst other stories, give your reader something to remember — a strong emotional connection. A. Secondly, it creates interest in the character. B. It helps us make sense of the world around us. C. An emotional ending in a picture book works well. D. When we feel something, we will have sharp minds. E. This is obviously not a complete list, but it is a starting point. F. Here is why it works and how you can use it in your picture book writing. G. Picture books have many different genres and your job is to know which genre your story sits in. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·北京朝阳·期中）There’s just something about Labubu. You hear the sound of opening a blind box, see that cheeky smile and suddenly you’re attracted. But once the excitement fades, you can’t help but wonder, why do we keep chasing more, even when we already have enough? Evolutionary psychology gives us a fascinating answer. A lot of what we do comes from what once helped our ancestors survive. 1 That could mean the difference between thriving (繁荣) and going without. Over generations, we’ve been wired to find joy in having more than we require. Labubu represents a modern form of this instinct (本能). The blind-box model mirrors ancestral uncertainty: investing effort toward an uncertain payoff with the possibility of a rare, high-status “secret” find. The uncertainty of the reward activates dopamine pathways in the brain. 2 This explains why collectors sometimes keep buying long after they’ve achieved their goal. 3 When collecting remains a source of joy and social connection, it can be adaptive. Many Labubu collectors share mini furniture, and fan-made content. 4 But when over-marketing and rocketing resale prices step in, the whole environment changes. Suddenly, it’s less about the joy of owning something you love and more about showing off or reselling it for a profit. In questioning whether hoarding is simply collecting gone mad, it becomes clear that human psychology hasn’t fundamentally changed. Social media, over-marketing, and resale culture supercharge ancient drives. The challenge is to keep those drives in balance. 5 Ask yourself: Does it truly spark joy or creativity? In the end, Labubu is more than a toy. It’s a little mirror, reflecting both our ancient instincts and modern anxieties, and showing just how easily a fun hobby can tip into full-blown craze. A. Collect what brings genuine pleasure. B. But how does collecting slip into disorder? C. Buyers don’t know which figure they will get. D. Back then, collecting was about saving tools or food for later use. E. Collecting becomes a problem when possessions damage our daily life. F. It makes us “want” the experience even when we already “have” enough. G. Such are forms of self-expression that enrich rather than mess up our life. Passage 4 （23-24高三上·北京海淀·期中）Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a vegetable salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer? Many people would instinctively(本能地) say the former, perhaps showing a vague concern with processed food. Such food can often be delicious. And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant. 1 What’s the distinction between “ultra-processed food(upf)” and “processed food”? Almost everything people consume is processed in some form. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “formulations of ingredients, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring advanced equipment and technology”. 2 The one in the freezer, with its extra, modified ingredients, is upf. Upf harms people in ways both known and unknown. It seems to affect the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways. Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity(肥胖症). Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people. 3 Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels. 4 Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly. If we are what we eat, considering the impact of upf is essential. 5 People who live in so-called “food swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live. There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should. A. Environment matters, too. B. It’s cheap to produce and buy. C. But that cheapness and abundance come at a cost. D. Even foods labeled “natural” or “organic” can be processed. E. A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food. F. Some people have a particular weakness for salty potato crisps. G. The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $