专题05 阅读理解（七选五）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（七选五） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京第十五中学·期中）How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never achieve anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day. Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. 5 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A. To fight family laziness, set an example. B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important. C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. F. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life. G. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for the children. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京清华大学附属中学朝阳学校·期中）Blind boxes, or mystery boxes, are sealed packages containing surprise items. Buyers don’t know exactly what they’re purchasing until they open the box. 1 It transforms the way collectibles are marketed and purchased. Today, brands like Pop Mart have perfected the formula, offering themed blind boxes that cater to different tastes. The blind box phenomenon isn’t limited to collectibles. 2 Businesses across sectors can incorporate this trend to increase customer engagement, attract a wider audience, and enhance the shopping experience. Here are a few ideas for how different types of businesses can incorporate blind box concepts. Create mystery product boxes. Introduce a line of mystery boxes for your products. For example, a beauty brand could create blind boxes with a mix of skincare or makeup products. 3 Each box could include items of varying values, creating an element of surprise for customers. 4 Create exclusive (独有的) blind box series that feature one-of-a-kind items or unique packaging, which can increase demand and bring in regular customers. Offering these boxes on a seasonal or limited-time basis also adds an element of urgency, motivating customers to act quickly. Incorporate blind boxes in loyalty programs. For businesses with loyalty programs, offering blind boxes as part of a rewards program can drive engagement. 5 This would give them a unique stimulation to continue buying and interacting with your brand. Adopting the blind box model can help businesses tap into the excitement and mystery that drives this trend, while also providing a fun and memorable experience for customers. By adding elements of exclusivity and variety, brands can boost sales and customer loyalty, turning each purchase into an engaging experience. A. Consider rarity an artistic focus. B. Launch limited-edition blind boxes. C. This trend started in Japan and quickly spread worldwide. D. And a fashion shop might offer mystery gift packs. E. Regular customers could exchange points for mystery boxes. F. There are countless social media groups discussing the blind boxes. G. It has also become a business model for industries ranging from fashion to beauty. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京平谷中学·期中）Great people overcome challenges and achieve remarkable things. Resilience (坚韧) is what helps them bounce back from difficulties and persist through challenges. If you want to achieve success, be resilient. 1 Resilience, after all, is a skill you can learn through purposeful actions and mindset shifts, not necessarily an innate (天生的) personality trait. 2 For example, if you’re rejected from a job, view it as an opportunity for growth rather than a final failure. By adopting this mindset, you recognize that not getting the job doesn’t diminish your worth or skills. Instead, it simply wasn’t the right fit at that moment. 3 Along with a resilient mindset, focus on effort and progress over perfection. 4 Instead, concentrate on the progress you make and the effort you put in. For instance, a writer who prioritizes regular publishing over perfecting each post is more likely to build resilience and improve over time. In addition to adjusting your mindset, there are practical steps you can take to strengthen resilience in your daily life. Practice stress management techniques like deep breathing and mindfulness. 5 Challenge your brain with activities like puzzles or by learning new skills. By incorporating these strategies into your life, you can develop the resilience to overcome challenges and achieve something great. A. Build your brain’s resilience through admitting a failure. B. Adopt a “not yet” mindset instead of an “I can’t” attitude. C. Acquiring that isn’t as easy as it seems, but not impossible. D. Obtaining resilience is not possible if you are not born with it. E. This view helps you learn from disappointments and keep going. F. Perfectionism can stop you from finishing tasks and learning from them. G. Stay active with regular physical exercise to support both your body and mind. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. 1 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 2 This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. 3 The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. 4 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 5 In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·北京铁路第二中学·期中）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 1 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? 2 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 4 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 5 An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·北京顺义牛栏山第一中学·期中）Many people dream of becoming great writers, but writing is not easy. Some believe that great writers are born, not made. However, most successful writers agree that learning and effort play a bigger role than talent. One important step in improving writing is reading a lot. Good writers are often good readers. 1 When reading different styles, writers can discover new techniques and improve their own work. Books, newspapers, and even online articles can offer valuable insights into effective writing. Another useful habit is writing every day. Writers who practice daily tend to develop a natural flow in their writing. 2 Even writing short paragraphs regularly can make a big difference over time. Keeping a journal, writing letters, or composing short stories are good ways to build confidence and improve skills. 3 Many writers share their work with friends, teachers, or writing groups. They are able to provide guidance on enhancing the writing. While criticism can be difficult to accept, it helps writers recognize their strengths and weaknesses. Constructive feedback can guide them to make necessary changes and improve their clarity and style. Editing and rewriting are necessary parts of writing. 4 Good writers revise their work multiple times to make it clearer and more effective. They remove unnecessary words, fix grammar mistakes, and refine their ideas. The best writing is often the result of careful revision and attention to detail. Writing well takes time, but with regular practice and feedback, anyone can improve. The key is to stay patient and keep writing, even when progress feels slow. 5 A. First drafts are rarely perfect. B. Receiving feedback is also important. C. Daily writing leads to long-term improvement. D. Daily writing doesn’t require writing a large amount. E. The more effort writers put in, the better they become. F. The most effective way to improve is to write frequently and extensively. G. In fact, reading enables people to better understand various writing styles. Passage 7 （25-26高二上·北京第五中学·期中）The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships. 1 Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative. 2 Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood. 3 For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. 4 Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood. 5 Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京汇文中学教育集团-度·期中）Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 1 In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 2 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 3 The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 4 Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 5 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem. 1 When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision. In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option. 2 Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost. 3 Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time. 4 This is how you create priorities in your daily life. Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. 5 After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult. Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain. A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost. B. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision. C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life. D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch. F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view. G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京第十一中学顺义学校·期中）Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. 1 If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries. Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的). 2 Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work. Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. 3 One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time. Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics(道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this. 4 Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within. 5 . Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace. A. Why are boundaries important? B. However, they are equally, if not more, important. C. Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them. D. Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful. E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible. F. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time. G. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）For serious birders who regularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring climate change isn’t possible. We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s. 1 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), for example, previously found primarily in the tropics (热带), first reached southeastern California in 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state. New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend. For its new report, “Survival by Degrees,” Audubon scientists analyzed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species, and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming. At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species-or nearly two-thirds of those studied-would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat. 2 Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing, birds play a crucial role in the ecology, keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物). 3 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities. 4 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action. It stresses the need for action at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice. 5 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions. Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait. A. We still have time to do something about it, however. B. But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts. C. This would greatly benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering for people. D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders document the change. E. In recent decades, that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found. F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places. G. Even if some could shift their range northward, they would soon start to run out of room on the map. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·北京八一学校·期中）It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. 1 “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. 2 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 3 This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. 4 It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 5 We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. A. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. B. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden. C. However, the work doesn’t stop there. D. People may lower the value of their own kind comments. E. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. F. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·北京顺义·期中）The Art of Slow Reading If you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. 1 They suggest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion. So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. 2 But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to each other. 3 A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What's to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer. 4 Personally, I'm not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position. 5 You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you're still reading my article, that is slow reading. A. The Internet is probably part of the problem. B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading. C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects. D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand. E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week. F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular. G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information. Passage 7 （25-26高二上·北京第三十五中学·期中）In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. 1 Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance. 2 When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred. We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. 3 They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating. 4 Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection. Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard. 5 A. So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling. B. We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone. C. Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways. D. When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life. E. Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing. F. Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? G. Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction. Passage 8 （25-26高二上·北京第五十五中学·期中）Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks we can learn to improve patience. 2 . Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive. 3 . “Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it! You should make yourself wait. Immediate gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks. 4 . Wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. It is important to accept the uncomfortable. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate (容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 5 . You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. You’d better find the causes. B. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience. C. All this adds up to a state of relaxation. D. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend. E. It can also help us practise more patience. F. You’d better practise gratitude. G. But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience. Passage 9 （25-26高二上·北京怀柔·期中）The Happy Man The happy man lives objectively, and has free love and wide interests, through which he secures his happiness. To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given. 1 But it is useless to attempt to give love as a calculation, for it is not sincere and is not felt. What then can a man do who is unhappy because he is enclosed in self? If he is to get out of the vicious (恶性的) circle of unhappiness, it must be by true interests. But before that, he should analyze his trouble first. 2 If fear is his trouble, let him practice exercises designed to give courage. Admit to himself every day at least one painful truth. 3 Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent. 4 Do not say to yourself in advance, “I should be happy if I could become interested in stamp-collecting,” and thus set to work to collect stamps, for it may well happen that you will altogether fail to find stamp-collecting interesting. You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered. All unhappiness depends upon lack of integration (融合). There is disintegration within the self,consciously and unconsciously or between the self and society. 5 Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him. A. There is much he can do about it. B. The man who receives love is the man who gives it. C. The interests will arise when you overcome being self-centered. D. The happy life is to an extraordinary extent the same as the good life. E. Teach himself life is worth even not having great virtue or intelligence. F. Self-denying leaves a man self-absorbed and aware of his own sacrifice. G. Neither divided against the self nor the world, the happy man never fails to unite. Passage 10 （25-26高二上·北京师范大学燕化附属中学·期中）Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks we can learn to improve patience. 2 . Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Firstly, research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive. 3 “Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it! You’d better make yourself wait. Immediate gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” choice at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks. 4 Wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. It is important to accept the uncomfortable. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate(容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 5 You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. You’d better find the causes. B. You’d better be grateful. C. This adds up to a state of relaxation. D. It also makes us practise more patience. E. Wait until the weekend to watch your favorite show. F. These are the situations where we could use a little extra patience. G. But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience. Passage 11 （25-26高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中）The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. 1 2 One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. 3 Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. The researchers discovered that pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. 4 It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study also revealed that unexpected events tend to increase pain, supporting the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. 5 Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京昌平·期中）“Money can’t buy you happiness” is either a well-known piece of folk wisdom, or a tired cliché (陈词滥调). Is it right, though? Scientifically speaking, the answer is mixed. A recent study carried out at the University of Bath has once again looked at the relationship between income and happiness. It seems that, up to a point and within a specific set of circumstances, money can buy happiness. 1 What makes us happy? At the most fundamental level, the things that make us happy are those that satisfy our basic biological needs. 2 Our brain recognizes these things as being “biologically significant”. If we obtain them, we experience a sense of happiness. However, this doesn’t mean “more money” automatically means “more happiness”. Money may be recognized by our brains as biologically significant, but there is an upper limit on how rewarding even biologically significant things can be. For example, eating food can often be pleasurable, but at some point, you’ll be sated (过饱的) after which point eating more causes actual discomfort. 3 Build too many barriers around yourself and you will end up feeling isolated. There’s also the phenomenon of habituation where the fundamental parts of our brains learn not to react to things that occur predictably and reliably. This is why things that are surprising and unexpected are often more rewarding than familiar things. 4 Receiving your regular pay is reassuring, but receiving money unexpectedly, even if it’s a far smaller sum, often makes you much happier. Also, when we actively need it for our survival, obtaining money is very rewarding. Once we go beyond that point, in other words, once we’re “financially secure”, its power to make us happy is significantly reduced. 5 A. In many cases, the same thing happens with money. B. This ultimately means money’s link to happiness is more indirect. C. The same goes for drinking and even for things like shelter and security. D. It might be better to consider that money can buy you safety and security. E. We humans need many things to ensure our survival, like food, water and security. F. But beyond that, the relationship between money and happiness becomes more uncertain. G. Instead, more psychological stimulation like travelling has a greater ability to make us happy. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京怀柔·期中）Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. 1 Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts. 2 When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation. Make a list of things you are grateful for. You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. 3 Learn to adapt to the changes. There are many things you can’t change. 4 Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents’ and friends’ support, you can survive any life changes. Allow yourself to vent (发泄) your feelings every once in a while. Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or family member or see a therapist. Find what makes you happy. 5 Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy. Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always! A. Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy. B. The best and only thing you can do is to accept them. C. Change the way you think. D. Are you constantly complaining about your present job? E. Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain. F. Make friends with positive people. G. So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining? Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京师范大学附属中学-11月·期中）Pets are like our family members and their good health is something that is very important to all pet owners. Just as the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (一氧化物) and carbon dioxide in the air, affect our health, these same environmental nasties can affect our pets too. 1 57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. In a more recent study from the journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, researchers found that cats with breathing problems were more likely to live in households with higher indoor air pollution. Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. They work to remove harmful chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other environmental pollutants from the air. 2 But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? 3 The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. Air purifiers come in various shapes and sizes, from small desk-top units to large, free-standing models. In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. 4 Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct. 5 We should always stay away from the ones that produce even minimal quantities. We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter. Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them. A. At present many homes are equipped with these useful devices. B. Before buying an air purifier, we should keep two aspects in mind. C. Pet owners always pay close attention to the physical health of their pets. D. Even the smallest pets shouldn’t be able to access the insides of air purifiers. E. This greatly depends on the type of air purifier and air cleaning technology used. F. So always check the product specifications and try to find a model that does not produce any carbon monoxide. G. A 2008 study published in Brain and Cognition showed that dogs’ brains were negatively affected by the heavy pollution levels. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·北京中国人民大学附属中学~·期中）When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel? You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 1 Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 2 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem. Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995. Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need-not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 3 Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools. A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 4 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student’s feeling of belonging is vital for their learning. 5 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected. A. They may do things to increase their self-esteem. B. This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning. C. Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors. D. Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling. E. Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life. F. It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted. G. When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·北京第八十中学-11月·期中）There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. 1 A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. 2 It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. 3 In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. 4 There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. 5 “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A. Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B. Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C. This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D. The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E. Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F. The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G. Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（七选五） 基础必练 Passage 1 【答案】1.C 2.F3.G 4.A 5.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C 2.G 3.D4.B 5.E Passage 3 【答案】1.c 2.B3.E4.F 5.G Passage 4 【答案】1.A2.C3.E4.F 5.B Passage 5 【答案】1.B 2.E3.G 4.D 5.F Passage 6 【答案】1.G 2.D3.B4.A 5.E Passage 7 【答案】1.c 2.A3.G 4.D 5.F 进阶提升 Passage 1 【答案】1.G 2.A3.B 4.E 5.c Passage 2 【答案】1.A 2.E3.C4.B 5.D Passage 3 【答案】1.E 2.B3.F4.G 5.A Passage 4 112 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.E 2.G3.B4.A 5.D Passage 5 【答案】1.G 2.F3.E4.A 5.c Passage 6 【答案】1.C 2.G3.B4.E5.D Passage 7 【答案】1.F 2.G3.C4.B 5.A Passage 8 【答案】1.B 2.F3.E4.D5.G Passage 9 【答案】1.B 2.A3.E4.C5.G Passage 10 【答案】1.F 2.B3.D4.E 5.G Passage 11 【答案】1.B 2.E3.C 4.A 5.G 拓展培优 Passage 1 【答案】1.F 2.B3.C 4.A 5.B Passage 2 【答案】1.G 2.C3.E4.B 5.D Passage 3 【答案】1.G 2.A3.B4.D 5.E Passage 4 【答案】1.G 2.D3.F4.B5.C Passage 5 【答案】1.B 2.A3.D4.G 5.F 212 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京第十五中学·期中）How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never achieve anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day. Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. 5 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A. To fight family laziness, set an example. B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important. C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. F. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life. G. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for the children. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. G 4. A 5. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些克服懒惰的方法。 (1)题解析： 根据后文“Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.(许多人经常缺乏睡眠，因为他们睡得太晚，起得太早，为工作做准备。这些人一回到家就没什么动力了。懒惰与缺乏动力和拖延的倾向密切相关。通过调整你的睡眠时间表，让自己多休息几个小时，你就能战胜一整天的懒惰)”可知，本段关于克服懒惰的方法是要获得充足的睡眠，C选项中sleep与后文中sleep相对应。故C选项“克服懒惰的一个方法是获得充足的睡眠”符合语境，故选C。 (2)题解析： 根据前文“Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.(另一种战胜懒惰的方法是把思想从被动转变为主动。有些人对待自己的生活就好像是被迫从一个任务推到另一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的方法，将每项任务视为他们必须独自克服的挑战)”可知，本段克服懒惰的方法是变被动为主动，也就是说，要主动掌握生活，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明当无法主动掌控生活时，就会变懒惰的情况。故F选项“当你觉得自己不再能掌控自己的生活时，就会变得懒惰”符合语境，故选F。 (3)题解析： 根据后文“Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.(完成一些任务，用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿美餐或一场电影)”可知，后文提到了用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，由此可知，本段说明的克服懒惰的方法是：给予自己奖励，G选项中a reward system for yourself对应后文中reward yourself。故G选项“为自己建立一个奖励系统，就像父母为自己的孩子做的那样”符合语境，故选G。 (4)题解析： 根据前文“Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately.(懒惰在家里也是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力可能各不相同，但如果不立即处理，懒惰会蔓延开来)”以及后文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.(饭后要第一个收拾碗碟。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成他们自己的任务。当你周围都是干劲十足的人时，很难养成懒惰的习惯)”可知，本段主要是关于如何克服家庭懒惰，上文提到懒惰蔓延，后文则提到了要树立榜样，故本句是在说明对抗家庭懒惰的方法是树立榜样。且A选项中family对应前文中at home。故A选项“要对抗家庭懒惰，树立榜样”符合语境，故选A。 (5)题解析： 根据后文“Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.(足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而使你有更多的精力，并帮助你振作精神)”可知，本段主要说明的是通过锻炼来克服懒惰，D选项中taking exercise对应后文中Enough exercise。故D选项“最后，经常锻炼可以帮助你战胜懒惰”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京清华大学附属中学朝阳学校·期中）Blind boxes, or mystery boxes, are sealed packages containing surprise items. Buyers don’t know exactly what they’re purchasing until they open the box. 1 It transforms the way collectibles are marketed and purchased. Today, brands like Pop Mart have perfected the formula, offering themed blind boxes that cater to different tastes. The blind box phenomenon isn’t limited to collectibles. 2 Businesses across sectors can incorporate this trend to increase customer engagement, attract a wider audience, and enhance the shopping experience. Here are a few ideas for how different types of businesses can incorporate blind box concepts. Create mystery product boxes. Introduce a line of mystery boxes for your products. For example, a beauty brand could create blind boxes with a mix of skincare or makeup products. 3 Each box could include items of varying values, creating an element of surprise for customers. 4 Create exclusive (独有的) blind box series that feature one-of-a-kind items or unique packaging, which can increase demand and bring in regular customers. Offering these boxes on a seasonal or limited-time basis also adds an element of urgency, motivating customers to act quickly. Incorporate blind boxes in loyalty programs. For businesses with loyalty programs, offering blind boxes as part of a rewards program can drive engagement. 5 This would give them a unique stimulation to continue buying and interacting with your brand. Adopting the blind box model can help businesses tap into the excitement and mystery that drives this trend, while also providing a fun and memorable experience for customers. By adding elements of exclusivity and variety, brands can boost sales and customer loyalty, turning each purchase into an engaging experience. A. Consider rarity an artistic focus. B. Launch limited-edition blind boxes. C. This trend started in Japan and quickly spread worldwide. D. And a fashion shop might offer mystery gift packs. E. Regular customers could exchange points for mystery boxes. F. There are countless social media groups discussing the blind boxes. G. It has also become a business model for industries ranging from fashion to beauty. 【答案】1. C 2. G 3. D 4. B 5. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了盲盒现象的起源、发展及其在各行业中的应用，并给出了不同类型企业如何融入盲盒概念的建议。 (1)题解析： 由上文“Blind boxes, or mystery boxes, are sealed packages containing surprise items. Buyers don’t know exactly what they’re purchasing until they open the box.(盲盒，或称神秘盒，是装有惊喜物品的密封包装。买家在打开盒子之前不知道他们到底在买什么。)”及下文“It transforms the way collectibles are marketed and purchased. Today, brands like Pop Mart have perfected the formula, offering themed blind boxes that cater to different tastes.(它改变了收藏品的营销和购买方式。如今，像泡泡玛特这样的品牌已经完善了这一模式，提供迎合不同口味的主题盲盒。)”可知，本空需概括盲盒现象的起源和传播。C选项“This trend started in Japan and quickly spread worldwide.(这一趋势始于日本，并迅速传播到全球。)”符合题意。故选C。 (2)题解析： 由上文“The blind box phenomenon isn’t limited to collectibles.(盲盒现象不仅限于收藏品。)”可知，本空需进一步说明盲盒现象在哪些行业中也有应用。G选项“It has also become a business model for industries ranging from fashion to beauty.(它也成为从时尚到美容等行业的商业模式。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 (3)题解析： 由上文“Introduce a line of mystery boxes for your products. For example, a beauty brand could create blind boxes with a mix of skincare or makeup products.(为你的产品推出一系列神秘盒子。例如，一个美容品牌可以创建包含护肤品或化妆品的盲盒。)”可知，本空应说明盲盒在其他行业的应用情况。D选项“And a fashion shop might offer mystery gift packs.(一家时尚店可能会提供神秘礼品包。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 (4)题解析： 由下文“Create exclusive (独有的) blind box series that feature one-of-a-kind items or unique packaging, which can increase demand and bring in regular customers. (创建独有的盲盒系列，其中包含独一无二的物品或独特的包装，这可以增加需求并吸引回头客。)”可知，本空应概括本段的主题，即推出限量版盲盒。B选项“Launch limited-edition blind boxes.(推出限量版盲盒。)”能概括本段的主题，符合题意。故选B。 (5)题解析： 由上文“For businesses with loyalty programs, offering blind boxes as part of a rewards program can drive engagement.(对于有忠诚度计划的企业来说，将盲盒作为奖励计划的一部分可以提高参与度。)”可知，本空应具体说明如何通过忠诚度计划来利用盲盒。E选项“Regular customers could exchange points for mystery boxes.(老顾客可以用积分兑换神秘盒子。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京平谷中学·期中）Great people overcome challenges and achieve remarkable things. Resilience (坚韧) is what helps them bounce back from difficulties and persist through challenges. If you want to achieve success, be resilient. 1 Resilience, after all, is a skill you can learn through purposeful actions and mindset shifts, not necessarily an innate (天生的) personality trait. 2 For example, if you’re rejected from a job, view it as an opportunity for growth rather than a final failure. By adopting this mindset, you recognize that not getting the job doesn’t diminish your worth or skills. Instead, it simply wasn’t the right fit at that moment. 3 Along with a resilient mindset, focus on effort and progress over perfection. 4 Instead, concentrate on the progress you make and the effort you put in. For instance, a writer who prioritizes regular publishing over perfecting each post is more likely to build resilience and improve over time. In addition to adjusting your mindset, there are practical steps you can take to strengthen resilience in your daily life. Practice stress management techniques like deep breathing and mindfulness. 5 Challenge your brain with activities like puzzles or by learning new skills. By incorporating these strategies into your life, you can develop the resilience to overcome challenges and achieve something great. A. Build your brain’s resilience through admitting a failure. B. Adopt a “not yet” mindset instead of an “I can’t” attitude. C. Acquiring that isn’t as easy as it seems, but not impossible. D. Obtaining resilience is not possible if you are not born with it. E. This view helps you learn from disappointments and keep going. F. Perfectionism can stop you from finishing tasks and learning from them. G. Stay active with regular physical exercise to support both your body and mind. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. G 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍坚韧的重要性，以及通过思维转变和实际行动培养坚韧的方法。 (1)题解析： 上文“If you want to achieve success, be resilient. (如果你想获得成功，就要坚韧。)”提出“成功需要坚韧”的观点。下文“Resilience, after all, is a skill you can learn through purposeful actions and mindset shifts, not necessarily an innate personality trait.(毕竟，坚韧是一种可以通过有目的的行动和思维转变学到的技能，不一定是天生的性格特质。)”则说明“坚韧可后天学习”。由此可知，培养坚韧有难度但可行。选项C“获得坚韧并不像看起来那么容易，但并非不可能。”符合逻辑，承上启下。故选C。 (2)题解析： 下文“For example, if you’re rejected from a job, view it as an opportunity for growth rather than a final failure. By adopting this mindset, you recognize that not getting the job doesn’t diminish your worth or skills. (例如，如果你求职被拒，要将其视为成长的机会，而非最终的失败。通过采用这种思维方式，你会意识到没得到这份工作并不会降低你的价值或技能。)”举例说明“用积极思维看待挫折”。由此可知，我们需要转变看待失败的观念。选项B“采用‘尚未做到’的思维方式，而非‘我做不到’的态度。”符合题意，提出了新的观念，下文是对其的举例说明。故选B。 (3)题解析： 上文提出“采用‘尚未做到’的思维方式”，下文“Along with a resilient mindset, focus on effort and progress over perfection. (除了坚韧的思维方式，还要关注努力和进步，而非完美。)” 则引出“重视努力而非完美”的新观点。空处需承接上文提到的思维方式，并过渡到下文提到的努力与完美。选项E“这种观点能帮助你从失望中学习并继续前进。” 符合题意，其中“这种观点”指代上文“‘尚未做到’的思维方式”，既总结上文思维方式的作用，又自然引出下文。故选E。 (4)题解析： 上文“Along with a resilient mindset, focus on effort and progress over perfection. (除了坚韧的思维方式，还要关注努力和进步，而非完美。)”强调“重视努力而非完美”，由此猜测，空处需说明“不重视完美”的原因。选项F“完美主义会阻碍你完成任务并从中学习。”符合题意。故选F。 (5)题解析： 上文“In addition to adjusting your mindset, there are practical steps you can take to strengthen resilience in your daily life. Practice stress management techniques like deep breathing and mindfulness. (除了调整思维方式，你还可以在日常生活中采取一些实际措施来增强坚韧。练习压力管理技巧，如深呼吸和正念。)”提出“实际措施增强坚韧”，并举例“压力管理”。下文“Challenge your brain with activities like puzzles or by learning new skills. (通过拼图或学习新技能等活动挑战你的大脑。)” 举例“挑战大脑”。空处需补充另一种实际措施。选项G“通过规律的体育锻炼保持活跃，以支持你的身心。”符合题意，规律体育锻炼是实际措施之一。故选G。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·北京海淀·期中）Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. 1 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 2 This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. 3 The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. 4 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 5 In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. E 4. F 5. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高智商也会经历负面事件，甚至更容易有精神障碍。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“There are advantages to being smart.(聪明是有好处的)”与下文“The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.(研究人员对比了那些报告失调的人与全国平均水平的比例，发现门萨的高智商成员更有可能患有一系列严重的失调)”形成正反对比，上文讲述积极意义对高智商者有利，而下文的消极影响对于高智商者则是坏消息。所以A 选项Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.(现在有些坏消息要告诉那些聪明人)符合上下语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，本句应与an astonishing sound和conflict with another person有关。据此，C选项It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.(这是对环境威胁或虐待的异常强烈的反应)分别与an astonishing sound、conflict with another person相一致。故选C。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent.(一个高智商的人可能会过度分析老板不赞成的评论，想象出一些不那么聪明的人不会想到的负面结果)”和“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，太多的负面结果会使人焦虑，且高智商人可能会与老板发生矛盾，因此更容易焦虑。E选项That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.(这可能会引起身体的应激反应，从而使人更加焦虑)与文意相符。故选E。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.(研究表明，智商高的人比普通人更容易患精神障碍，这并不能证明高智商是导致精神障碍的原因)”可知，高智商人更容易患精神障碍的原因可能不是高智商，而是其他原因。F选项It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.(也有可能加入门萨的人除了智商之外还有其他不同之处)符合文意。故选F。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy , which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的基因时就会发生这种多效性特征)”和下文“In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在罗莎琳德·阿登和她的同事们在2015年的一项研究中得出结论，智商与长寿之间的关联是不确定的主要是遗传因素造成的)”可知，上文讲的是一种结论，而后文则是一项实际研究的结果。B选项There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.(已经有一些证据表明这是事实)符合上下语境。故选B。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·北京铁路第二中学·期中）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 1 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? 2 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 4 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 5 An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. G 4. D 5. F 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。 (1)题解析： 上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。 (2)题解析： 下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。 (3)题解析： 上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。 (4)题解析： 上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。 (5)题解析： 下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·北京顺义牛栏山第一中学·期中）Many people dream of becoming great writers, but writing is not easy. Some believe that great writers are born, not made. However, most successful writers agree that learning and effort play a bigger role than talent. One important step in improving writing is reading a lot. Good writers are often good readers. 1 When reading different styles, writers can discover new techniques and improve their own work. Books, newspapers, and even online articles can offer valuable insights into effective writing. Another useful habit is writing every day. Writers who practice daily tend to develop a natural flow in their writing. 2 Even writing short paragraphs regularly can make a big difference over time. Keeping a journal, writing letters, or composing short stories are good ways to build confidence and improve skills. 3 Many writers share their work with friends, teachers, or writing groups. They are able to provide guidance on enhancing the writing. While criticism can be difficult to accept, it helps writers recognize their strengths and weaknesses. Constructive feedback can guide them to make necessary changes and improve their clarity and style. Editing and rewriting are necessary parts of writing. 4 Good writers revise their work multiple times to make it clearer and more effective. They remove unnecessary words, fix grammar mistakes, and refine their ideas. The best writing is often the result of careful revision and attention to detail. Writing well takes time, but with regular practice and feedback, anyone can improve. The key is to stay patient and keep writing, even when progress feels slow. 5 A. First drafts are rarely perfect. B. Receiving feedback is also important. C. Daily writing leads to long-term improvement. D. Daily writing doesn’t require writing a large amount. E. The more effort writers put in, the better they become. F. The most effective way to improve is to write frequently and extensively. G. In fact, reading enables people to better understand various writing styles. 【答案】1. G 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了提升写作能力的多种方法及关键要点。 (1)题解析： 上文“Good writers are often good readers.(好的作家往往也是好的读者)”说明阅读对写作的重要性。空处应承接上文，进一步解释阅读与写作的关系。G项“In fact, reading enables people to better understand various writing styles.(事实上，阅读能让人们更好地理解各种写作风格)”中“reading”与前文呼应，“various writing styles”也为后文“When reading different styles...”做了铺垫，符合顺接关系。故选G。 (2)题解析： 上文“Writers who practice daily tend to develop a natural flow in their writing.(每天练习的作家往往能在写作中形成自然的流畅感)”强调了日常写作的作用。空处应进一步说明日常写作的特点。D项“Daily writing doesn’t require writing a large amount.(日常写作不需要写大量内容)”与后文“Even writing short paragraphs regularly can make a big difference over time.(即使定期写短段落，久而久之也能带来很大变化)”相呼应，解释了日常写作的量无需过多，符合逻辑。故选D。 (3)题解析： 下文“Many writers share their work with friends, teachers, or writing groups. They are able to provide guidance on enhancing the writing.(许多作家与朋友、老师或写作小组分享他们的作品。他们能够为提升写作提供指导)”说明分享作品并获取指导的重要性。空处应是本段的主题句，引出“反馈”这一内容。B项“Receiving feedback is also important.(获得反馈也很重要)”中“feedback”与后文“provide guidance”，“criticism”，“Constructive feedback”呼应，点明了本段主旨，符合语境。故选B。 (4)题解析： 上文“Editing and rewriting are necessary parts of writing.(编辑和重写是写作中必要的部分)”强调了修改的必要性。空处应解释为何需要修改。A项“First drafts are rarely perfect.(初稿很少是完美的)”说明了初稿存在不足，因此需要“editing and rewriting”，与前文形成因果关系，符合逻辑。故选A。 (5)题解析： 上文“Writing well takes time, but with regular practice and feedback, anyone can improve. The key is to stay patient and keep writing, even when progress feels slow.(写好文章需要时间，但通过定期练习和反馈，任何人都能进步。关键是保持耐心，继续写作，即使感觉进步缓慢)”强调了持续努力的重要性。空处应总结努力与写作水平的关系。E项“The more effort writers put in, the better they become.(作家付出的努力越多，他们就会变得越好)”与前文“regular practice”，“stay patient and keep writing”呼应，总结了努力对提升写作的作用，符合语境。故选E。 Passage 7 （25-26高二上·北京第五中学·期中）The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships. 1 Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative. 2 Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood. 3 For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. 4 Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood. 5 Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. G 4. D 5. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究者发现青少年在向成年人转变的过程中，积极的情感将会对个人幸福感、事业成功和社会关系等方面产生重大的影响。 (1)题解析： 上文“Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.(父母常常对他们的孩子成年后的表现寄予厚望，比如希望他们的身体健康，对自己的事业感到满意，有牢固的友谊)”说明父母希望孩子们能在成年后获得好的结果，C项“但是在青少年从青春期走向成年的过程中，哪些因素有助于产生这些结果呢？”中的“these outcomes”指代的就是之前提到过的结果。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 上文“Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.(情感是表达积极或消极情绪的倾向，这反过来影响我们如何体验事物并决定是否判断给定的情况是积极的还是消极的)”说明情感是一种情绪倾向，是需要自我决定和自我判断的，A项“对事件的情感反应通常是自动发生的”是对上文观点的进一步解释说明。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 上文“In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.(为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对14至25岁的青少年和年轻人进行了跟踪研究，使他们能够了解从青春期到青年期这一关键发展阶段积极影响的预测能力。)”指出为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，研究人员进行了研究，下文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极影响的青少年更容易和朋友相处，所以空处应该承上启下，指出研究发现，G项“这项研究发现积极的影响可以更好的预测青年时期的生活结果，比如建立更好的友谊”中的“developing better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的关系。故选G项。 (4)题解析： 上文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极的情感给青少年带来良好的人际关系， 而D项“有趣的是，结果表明积极的影响可能不仅仅是帮助青少年建立积极的人际关系”中的“helping teens build positive relationships”指的上文提到的和朋友之间良好的关系，是对上文话题的承接，讲了积极的影响的好处，下文“Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.(积极情感还可以预测自我价值感和工作能力的提高，这表明，总体而言，积极情感似乎是青年人在几个重要功能领域取得成功的关键预测因素。)”也是积极影响的好处，also表明和选项是并列关系，都在讲好处。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 上文“But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.”（但是负面影响的影响呢？研究人员还研究了负面影响是否会预测年轻成年期的问题。）可知在探究负面影响的预测。下文“Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later..(因此，重要的一点是，青少年的积极影响可能与十年后个人幸福、职业和社会关系领域的重要生活结果有着密切的联系。)可知，下文在强调积极影响与生活的关联。F项“与积极影响不同，负面影响不会与以后的生活结果有任何显著关联。”承接上文探究负面影响的测试结果，引起下文对于积极影响对于生活影响的进一步说明。故选F。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京汇文中学教育集团-度·期中）Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 1 In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 2 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 3 The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 4 Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 5 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几个实验，告诉我们幽默有助于缓解压力，促进社会关系。幽默不仅令人愉快，更重要的是，让人充满活力。 (1)题解析： 由上文“He even recorded various types of laughter.”(他甚至记录了各种笑声。)可知，此处描写了一个美国音响工程师记录了各种笑声，所以空处应该是描述记录各种笑声的结果，G选项“He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.”(他发现一个简单的“哈哈”可以传达大量与社会相关的信息。)符合，承接上文，故选G。 (2)题解析： 由上文“In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies.”(2016年在加州大学进行的一项研究中，记录了来自24个不同社会背景的成对说英语学生的笑声样本，并向听众播放。)和下文“On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.”(平均来说，结果是非常一致的: 在世界范围内，人们的猜测大约有60%的正确率。)可知，空后是该实验的结果，空前是描述该实验内容，所以可以推断出，空处应该也是描述该实验，且是该实验的最后一步，A选项“Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.”(参与者被问及每一对是朋友还是陌生人。)符合，故选A。 (3)题解析： 由上文“Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace.”(另一项由澳大利亚国立大学研究人员进行的研究，这项研究基于这样一种假设，即幽默可能会为工作场所的枯燥情况提供一个暂停的机会。)可知，此处描述了实验前的假设，结合空后“The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text.”(研究人员首先要求学生划掉两页文本中字母“e”。)可知，空后开始描述实验步骤，所以可以推断出，空处是对空前内容进一步描写，B选项“This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.”(这种“精神暂停”可能促进了精神资源的增加。)符合，其中“break”呼应上句中的“pause”，都表示“暂停”，故选B。 (4)题解析： 由上文“The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win.”(然后，学生们完成了一项需要坚持的任务，要求他们根据提供的个人资料猜测员工的潜在表现，他们并被告知连续做出10个正确的评估将会取得胜利。)可知，此处描述实验内容，结合下文“Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group.”(那些观看了憨豆先生视频的学生最终会花更多的时间在这项任务上，做出的猜测任务是另一组的两倍。)可知，此处描写实验结果，所以可以推断出，空处应该是承接上文，继续描写实验内容，E选项“However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.”(然而，软件被设计成不可能得到10个正确答案。)符合，其中“10 correct answers”与上文“making 10 correct assessments in a row”相呼应，故选E。 (5)题解析： 根据下文“Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group.”(同样，那些观看幽默视频的参与者在这项无聊的任务上花费了更多的时间，并且相比于其他组的学生，他们完成了更多的问题，正确率也更高。)可知，此处是描述实验结果，所以可以推断出空处应该是描述实验内容，C选项“The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.”(然后，研究人员让参与者用手完成很多乘法题。)符合，其中“long multiplication questions by hand.”和下文中的“this boring task”相呼应，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem. 1 When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision. In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option. 2 Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost. 3 Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time. 4 This is how you create priorities in your daily life. Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. 5 After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult. Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain. A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost. B. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision. C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life. D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch. F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view. G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life. 【答案】1. A 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机会成本。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.( 有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”和下文“When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.(当你理解了这个概念，你就有能力精确地衡量每一个选择，并做出正确的决定。)”可知，空处提到了一个概念，就是机会成本。A项中的“the opportunity cost”和下文中的“the concept”对应。A项：It is about finding out the opportunity cost.(这是关于找出机会成本。)符合语境。故选A。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits.(每次你选择某样东西，你就放弃了其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。)”可知，下文举例说明机会成本的具体实施原则，选择了某样东西，就要放弃其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。E项：The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.(这个观点的关键原则是，天下没有免费的午餐。)符合语境。故选E。 (3)题解析： 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes.(举个简单的例子，试着决定是乘80分钟的公共交通工具还是开车40分钟。)”可知，本段主要讲述机会成本在日常生活中的应用。C项：Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)符合语境。故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.(你可能会在乘坐公共汽车时节省汽油费用，但会使行程长度增加一倍，并错过在这段时间内你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做决定之前要权衡利弊。B项：Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.(权衡得失，再做决定。)符合语境。故选B。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. (虽然机会成本在决策中很有用，但它最大的缺点是它往往与难以量化的东西有关。)”可知，此处提出机会成本的局限性，结合下文“After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.(毕竟，用一个数字来形容你内心的平静或快乐是很困难的。)”可知，像情绪等非经济利益机会成本难以形容。D项：This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.(当机会成本是非经济利益时尤其如此。)符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京第十一中学顺义学校·期中）Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. 1 If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries. Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的). 2 Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work. Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. 3 One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time. Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics(道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this. 4 Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within. 5 . Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace. A. Why are boundaries important? B. However, they are equally, if not more, important. C. Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them. D. Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful. E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible. F. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time. G. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了工作场所中设置界限的重要性，包括身体界限、情感界限和心理界限，以及这些界限如何影响工作满意度和员工健康。 (1)题解析： 根据空前内容“What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something.(你可能会问，什么是界限？界限是定义你与某人或某事之间关系的界限。)”可知，上文引入概念界限。选项E“Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的。)”对界限进行了分类。与下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告诉别人这是你的办公空间，你的桌子，或者你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界。)”内容一致，故选E。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的).(物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神上的界限可能更微妙。)”可知，上文提到了物理界限和精神上的界限。选项B“However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它们同样重要，如果不是谁更重要的话。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是两种界限同样重要。故选B。 (3)题解析： 根据空后内容“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time. (这方面的一个例子是在周末或假期被反复要求工作到很晚。另一个例子是被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲倦，到周五就筋疲力尽了。通常，以上工作场所的要求会导致压力增加，并且随着时间的推移，很有可能会精疲力竭。)”可知，下文讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们能力范围的事情。选项F“Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time. (这种界限通常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做超出我们能力范围的事情。)”与下文内容相一致，指的都是我们被要求做超出我们能力范围的事情。故选F。 (4)题解析： 根据上文内容“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this.(例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、尊重尊严、道德行事的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导一再以与此不一致的方式行事。)”以及常识可知，当个人价值观和公司不一致时，可能就会有冲突。选项G“Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict.(你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部不适，甚至冲突。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是当你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部不适，甚至冲突。故选G。 (5)题解析： 空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace. (边界有很多功能。他们帮助保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实践我们的价值观和标准。学习设定界限的技能有助于我们优先考虑我们的价值观和幸福，更好地管理我们的压力。识别、设定和保持界限是很有价值的技能，不幸的是，我们在学校或工作场所往往没有学到这些技能。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是界限的重要性。选项A“Why are boundaries important?(为什么界限很重要？)”可以统领本段内容。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）For serious birders who regularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring climate change isn’t possible. We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s. 1 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), for example, previously found primarily in the tropics (热带), first reached southeastern California in 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state. New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend. For its new report, “Survival by Degrees,” Audubon scientists analyzed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species, and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming. At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species-or nearly two-thirds of those studied-would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat. 2 Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing, birds play a crucial role in the ecology, keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物). 3 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities. 4 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action. It stresses the need for action at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice. 5 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions. Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait. A. We still have time to do something about it, however. B. But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts. C. This would greatly benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering for people. D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders document the change. E. In recent decades, that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found. F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places. G. Even if some could shift their range northward, they would soon start to run out of room on the map. 【答案】1. E 2. G 3. B 4. A 5. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。对于经常在野外观察鸟类的严肃的观鸟者来说，忽视气候变化是不可能的。文章说明了在最近的几十年里，鸟类栖息地的迁移情况以及气候变暖对鸟类的影响，还说明了鸟类的重要性，呼吁人们采取行动保护鸟类。 (1)题解析： 根据后文Glossy black great-tailed grackles, for example, previously found primarily in the tropics, first reached southeastern California in① 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state.可知例如，在1964年首次到达加利福尼亚东南部的有光泽的黑色大尾巴白头草，以前主要在热带地区发现。它们现在遍布全州大部分地区。由此可知，一些物种在不断向北迁移。故E选项“在最近的几十年里，这意味着物种被发现的地方一直在向北迁移”符合上下文语境，故选E。 (2)题解析： 根据上文At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species-or nearly two-thirds of those studied-would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat.可知在全球气温上升3摄氏度的情况下，他们发现其中389个物种——几乎是研究对象的三分之二——将会濒临灭绝，失去它们目前的大部分栖息地。由此可知，许多鸟类已经失去了它们大部分栖息地，很快就会没有空间了。故G选项“即使有些人能把他们的活动范围向北移动，他们很快就会在地图上没有空间了”符合上下文语境，故选G。 (3)题解析： 根据后文Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities.可知它们移动的范围预示着干旱、洪水、火灾、海平面上升和不适合居住的城市的增加。由此可知，鸟类的移动也可以作为环境变化的标志。故B选项“但它们也可以作为更广泛的环境变化的一个明显标志”符合上下文语境，故选B。 (4)题解析： 根据后文Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to② 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action. It stresses the need for action at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.可知Audubon的科学家模拟了在较低程度的变暖情况下会发生什么，结果令人震惊。将升温幅度限制在1.5度将会减少四分之三的濒危鸟类的危险。Audubon的报告《生存度》并不是一个令人沮丧的预测，而是一个行动的号召。它强调需要个人和政府在各级采取行动，以减少温室气体排放。由此可知，只要我们采取行动，还有时间去挽救鸟类的灭亡。故A选项“不过，我们还有时间做点什么”符合上下文语境，故选A。 (5)题解析： 根据上文As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice.可知作为一名终身观鸟者，我为我的部落在记录气候变化影响方面所发挥的作用感到自豪。当当地情况发生变化时，某些种类的青蛙或野花可能会减少或消失，很少有人会注意到。由此可知，某些种类的青蛙或野花可能会减少或消失，很少有人会注意到，但是观鸟者能够注意到鸟类的消失，做好记录。故D选项“但当一种鸟类消失时，我们专门的观鸟者记录下这种变化”符合上下文语境，故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·北京八一学校·期中）It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. 1 “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. 2 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 3 This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. 4 It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 5 We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. A. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. B. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden. C. However, the work doesn’t stop there. D. People may lower the value of their own kind comments. E. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. F. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. 【答案】1. G 2. F 3. E 4. A 5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨善意对人福祉的作用，指出人们常低估善意的影响及背后原因，并给出通过行善对抗内心批判的建议。 (1)题解析： 根据前文“It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. (当我告诉你善意对一个人的福祉起着重要作用时，你可能不会感到太大惊讶。它会带来诸如更高的自尊和更低的血压等变化。即使只是目睹善意的行为也能让我们更快乐。)”和后文““From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. (一项研究表明：“从在公园里赠送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里赠送礼物，那些行善的人总是低估接受者会感受到的积极程度，认为自己的行为价值低于接受者所感知的。”)”可知，空格处应体现转折，说明人们并不真正了解善意的影响，G选项“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. (然而，人们可能并不真正知道，即使是最微小的善举也能对他人产生影响。)”中的“Yet”形成转折，承接前文善意的益处，引出后文“低估善举影响”的研究结论，符合语境。故选G项。 (2)题解析： 根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? (然而，为什么我们认为别人会从善举中感受到的东西与他们实际感受到的东西之间会有这种差异？为什么我们会低估自己对他人的影响？)”可知，空格处应总结前文的“认知差异”，F选项“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. (这种误解表明，人们在与他人相关的情况下贬低自己的行为。)”中的“This misunderstanding”指代前文“行善者与接受者对善举价值的认知差异”，承接前文并引出后文的疑问，符合语境。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 根据前文“Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. (我们很多人都没有真正认识到自己的价值。据估计，多达85%的人都在与自卑感作斗争。)”和后文“This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. (这种‘声音’往往会让我们把注意力转向内心，审视自己的一举一动，并对我们的人际关系产生不良影响。)”可知，空格处应引出后文的“This “voice””，E选项“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. (我们都随身带着一种‘批判性的内心声音’，它往往会贬低我们。)”中的“a ‘critical inner voice’”与后文“This ‘voice’”相呼应，解释了“缺乏自我价值感”的原因，符合语境。故选E项。 (4)题解析： 根据前文“Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. (与良心不同，这种内心的批判者并不会激励积极的行为。)”和后文“It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” (它鼓励我们退缩，向我们灌输这样的想法：“别冒险”、“没人想听你说话”以及“你会出丑的”。)”可知，空格处应说明内心批判者的负面影响，A选项“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它让我们与自己为敌，让我们低估自己对他人的有益影响。)”中的“Instead”承接前文“不会激励积极行为”，引出“与自己为敌、低估自身影响”的负面作用，与后文“鼓励退缩”呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 (5)题解析： 根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. (对抗内心批判声音的一个好方法是通过善待他人。)”和后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. (我们还必须试着通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。我们能否做到这一点，将有助于决定我们自己的幸福，以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。)”可知，空格处应体现“对抗内心批判”的方法不止一种，C选项“However, the work doesn’t stop there. (然而，这项工作并没有就此结束。)”中的“However”形成转折，承接前文“善待他人”的方法，引出后文“通过他人视角看待自己”的补充建议，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·北京顺义·期中）The Art of Slow Reading If you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. 1 They suggest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion. So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. 2 But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to each other. 3 A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What's to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer. 4 Personally, I'm not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position. 5 You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you're still reading my article, that is slow reading. A. The Internet is probably part of the problem. B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading. C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects. D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand. E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week. F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular. G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information. 【答案】1. C 2. G 3. B 4. E 5. D 【解析】本文讲述的是“慢读的艺术”。 研究表明我们中的许多人不再专注于阅读文章，实际上，我们的网络习惯正在破坏我们处理和理解文本信息所需要的精神力量。大多数慢读者意识到，完全拒绝网络是非常不现实的，他们觉得暂时摆脱科技是解决问题的办法。 (1)题解析： 根据下文：他们认为，我们中的许多人不再专注于阅读文章。此处的they应该是指代前文出现的事物，也就是C项中的the two findings，“最近的研究项目有两个发现。”故选C。 (2)题解析： 根据上句：我们的阅读经常被最新电子邮件的噪音所打断，我们现在在Twitter和Facebook上吸收简短的一连串的单词比长篇大论更有规律。故可知因为有了互联网，我们变得非常善于收集信息。故选G。 (3)题解析： 根据下文：一群极度渴望的学者希望我们在阅读或重读的时候要放慢速度。故可知现在一些活动提倡缓慢阅读。故选B。 (4)题解析： 根据上文：大多数慢读者意识到，完全拒绝网络是非常不现实的。他们觉得暂时摆脱科技是解决问题的办法。由此推知，E项Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week.（他们中的一些人建议每周把电脑关掉一天。）与上文匹配。 (5)题解析： 根据空格下句：你可以下载一个叫做Freedom的电脑程序，这样你就可以通过切断你的网络连接来阅读。由此可知此处的意思是：如果你只是偶尔想要读得慢一些，那么帮助就在手边。故选D。 【名师点睛】 做七选五时“尤其代词不可放”是说：在填空处的前后语境中出现的一些代词不可忽视。有这样一道题：”They can be rich resources to improve your knowledge.”，该选项中凭空多出一个代词they，这说明什么问题？代词是起替代作用的，一定是前文出现的事物被they替代了，找到被替代的名词就可以了。往文中一找，前面的语境是“Volunteering brings together all kinds of people.所以they替代的就是前文的all kinds of people短语。这样的现象在七选五中是很多见了，能帮助大家解决不少难题。本题第1小题，根据下文：他们认为，我们中的许多人不再专注于阅读文章。此处的they应该是指代前文出现的事物，也就是C项中的the two findings，“最近的研究项目有两个发现。”故选C。 Passage 7 （25-26高二上·北京第三十五中学·期中）In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. 1 Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance. 2 When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred. We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. 3 They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating. 4 Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection. Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard. 5 A. So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling. B. We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone. C. Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways. D. When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life. E. Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing. F. Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? G. Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction. 【答案】1. F 2. G 3. C 4. B 5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系 。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。 (1)题解析： 根据下文“Modern technology has provided us with many tools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? (那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢?)”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”指出了联系他人，承上启下。故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据下文“Then we followed up with them after they had done so.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。 (5)题解析： 空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致 。故选A。 Passage 8 （25-26高二上·北京第五十五中学·期中）Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks we can learn to improve patience. 2 . Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive. 3 . “Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it! You should make yourself wait. Immediate gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks. 4 . Wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. It is important to accept the uncomfortable. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate (容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 5 . You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. You’d better find the causes. B. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience. C. All this adds up to a state of relaxation. D. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend. E. It can also help us practise more patience. F. You’d better practise gratitude. G. But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience. 【答案】1. B 2. F 3. E 4. D 5. G 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们练习耐心。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个。)”以及下文“However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off.(然而，研究表明，如果我们练习耐心，我们的情况会好得多。)”可知，空处应该提到耐心。选项B“They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.(在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心。)”既承接上文，回答了上文的问题；同时也引出本文的主题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更积极。)”可知，空处指的是练习耐心的第一个技巧是感恩。选项F“You’d better practise gratitude.(你最好学会感恩。)”与下文内容一致，指的是我们要学会感恩。故选F。 (3)题解析： 根据下文““Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience.(加利福尼亚大学的研究人员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”一个简单的感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。)”可知，感激练习可以帮助练习耐心。选项E“It can also help us practise more patience.(它也可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。)”与下文内容一致，指的是感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。故选E。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks.(我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。从小任务开始。)”可知，作者认为学会等待的方法就是练习，从小任务开始练习。选项D“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend.(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末看。)”与上文内容一致，指的是从小任务开始练习等待。故选D。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate (容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能忍受的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们就会对环境失去耐心。)”可知，我们一旦不舒适就会对环境失去耐心。根据下文“You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.”(你应该学会对自己说：“这只是不舒服，不是无法忍受。”)”可知，我们需要接受不舒服。选项G“But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience.(但我们需要适应这种不舒服的感觉，以培养更多的耐心。)”承上启下，承接上文的不舒服环境，同时引出下文我们要学会接受不舒服的环境。故选G。 Passage 9 （25-26高二上·北京怀柔·期中）The Happy Man The happy man lives objectively, and has free love and wide interests, through which he secures his happiness. To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given. 1 But it is useless to attempt to give love as a calculation, for it is not sincere and is not felt. What then can a man do who is unhappy because he is enclosed in self? If he is to get out of the vicious (恶性的) circle of unhappiness, it must be by true interests. But before that, he should analyze his trouble first. 2 If fear is his trouble, let him practice exercises designed to give courage. Admit to himself every day at least one painful truth. 3 Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent. 4 Do not say to yourself in advance, “I should be happy if I could become interested in stamp-collecting,” and thus set to work to collect stamps, for it may well happen that you will altogether fail to find stamp-collecting interesting. You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered. All unhappiness depends upon lack of integration (融合). There is disintegration within the self,consciously and unconsciously or between the self and society. 5 Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him. A. There is much he can do about it. B. The man who receives love is the man who gives it. C. The interests will arise when you overcome being self-centered. D. The happy life is to an extraordinary extent the same as the good life. E. Teach himself life is worth even not having great virtue or intelligence. F. Self-denying leaves a man self-absorbed and aware of his own sacrifice. G. Neither divided against the self nor the world, the happy man never fails to unite. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. G 【解析】【导语】 本文是议论文。文章主要论述什么样的人是快乐的人。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given.”（成为爱的接受者是幸福的重要原因，但是需要爱的人并不是被给予爱的人。）可知，接下来要说什么样的人才可以成为爱的接受者。B选项“收到爱的人都是给予别人爱的人。”和上文意思一致。故选B。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“But before that, he should analyze his trouble first.”（但是，在那之前，他应该首先要分析他的麻烦。）可知，接下来要说明分析的结果或者应对办法。A选项“在这方面，他可以做很多。”和上文意思一致。故选A。 (3)题解析： 根据下文“Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent.”（这类的练习将使他能够承认事实，并且最大程度的让他远离恐惧。）可知，上文要提出练习方法和措施。E选项“教给他自己，即使没有很高的德行和智商，生命也是有价值的。”和下文意思一致。故选E。 (4)题解析： 根据本段最后一句“You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered.”（当你一学会不以自我为中心的时候，你也许很确信真正客观的兴趣将会越来越多。）可知，这一段是在建议读者要多培养兴趣，不要以自我为中心。C选项“当你克服以自我为中心的时候，兴趣就会上升。”和下文意思一致。故选C。 (5)题解析： 根据下文“Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him.”（这样的人感觉他自己是宇宙中的一位市民，享受着宇宙提供给他的东西，不被死亡所烦恼，因为他感觉并没有和跟随他的人分开。）可知，这是在描述一类不会和他人分离的人。G选项“既不跟自我分割，也不跟世界分割，快乐的人从来不会不团结。”和下文意思一致。故选G。 Passage 10 （25-26高二上·北京师范大学燕化附属中学·期中）Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks we can learn to improve patience. 2 . Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Firstly, research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive. 3 “Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it! You’d better make yourself wait. Immediate gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” choice at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks. 4 Wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. It is important to accept the uncomfortable. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate(容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 5 You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. You’d better find the causes. B. You’d better be grateful. C. This adds up to a state of relaxation. D. It also makes us practise more patience. E. Wait until the weekend to watch your favorite show. F. These are the situations where we could use a little extra patience. G. But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. G 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们练习耐心。 (1)题解析： 根据上文内容“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个。)”以及下文“ However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. (然而，研究表明，如果我们练习耐心，我们的情况会好得多。)”可知，空处应该提到耐心。选项F“These are the situations where we could use a little extra patience.(在这些情况下，我们需要多一些耐心才行。)”既承接上文，回答了上文的问题；同时也引出本文的主题。故选F。 (2)题解析： 根据空后的“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Firstly, research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive.(感恩具有诸多益处：首先，研究表明，感恩能让我们更加快乐、压力更小，甚至心态更积极。)”可知，空处指的是练习耐心的第一个技巧是感恩。选项B“You’d better be grateful.(你最好学会感恩。)”与下文内容一致，指的是我们要学会感恩。故选B。 (3)题解析： 根据下文内容“‘Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,’ said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience.(加利福尼亚大学的研究人员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”一个简单的感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。)”可知，感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。选项D“It also makes us practise more patience.(它也可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。)”与下文内容一致，指的是感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。故选D。 (4)题解析： 根据空前内容“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks.(而我们要养成等待的习惯，唯一的办法就是不断练习。可以从简单的任务开始做起。)”可知，作者认为学会等待的方法就是练习，从小任务开始练习。选项E“Wait until the weekend to watch your favorite show.(等到周末再观看你最喜欢的节目吧。)”与上文内容一致，指的是从小任务开始练习等待。故选E。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate(容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们很多人都认为舒适的状态是我们唯一能够接受的状态，而一旦我们遭遇超出自身舒适范围的情况，就会对这些状况感到不耐烦。)”可知，我们一旦不舒适就会对环境失去耐心。而空后“You should learn to say to yourself, ‘This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.’(你应该学会对自己说：“这只是不舒服，不是无法忍受。”)”可知，我们需要接受不舒服。选项G“But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience.(但是我们需要适应不舒服的环境，这样才能培养更多的耐心。)”承上启下，承接上文的不舒服环境，同时引出下文我们要学会接受不舒服的环境。故选G。 Passage 11 （25-26高二上·北京广渠门中学·期中）The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. 1 2 One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. 3 Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. The researchers discovered that pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. 4 It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study also revealed that unexpected events tend to increase pain, supporting the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. 5 Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. G 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了大脑如何感知疼痛，特别是预期与实际疼痛之间的差异对疼痛感知的影响，并提出缩小这种差异可能有助于减轻疼痛。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself.(这种差异表明，疼痛感知并不完全由身体伤害本身决定。)”可知，上文说明疼痛感知受到其他因素的影响，空处应该对此进行解释说明。选项B“它也受到个人期望的强烈影响”正好解释了除了身体伤害，疼痛感知还受到个人期望的影响，符合语境。故选B。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred.(一个是估计假说，该假说认为大脑会根据对伤害的预测来估计疼痛的强度。另一个是惊喜假说，该假说认为大脑感受到的疼痛是预期与实际发生之间的差异。)”可知，下文两个关于大脑如何感知疼痛的假设，说明空处应该提到有两个假设。选项E“为了解释这一现象，一项新的研究提出了两个主要假设”提到了有两个假设，引出下文，符合语境。故选E。 (3)题解析： 根据下文“Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity.(健康的参与者在虚拟现实环境中接受疼痛的热刺激，同时观察视觉信号。这些信号要么与疼痛经历相关，要么与非疼痛经历相关。然后要求参与者报告他们的疼痛强度。)”可知，下文描述了一项关于大脑如何感知疼痛的研究，说明空处应该提到有研究。选项C“在这项研究中，研究了大脑如何感知疼痛”提到了有研究，引出下文，符合语境。故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels.(他们的研究结果表明，当预期疼痛水平和实际疼痛水平之间存在显著差异时，大脑会加强疼痛感知。)”可知，上文是关于大脑感知疼痛的研究结果，空处应该对此进行评价。选项A“这一证据支持了惊喜假说”是对上文研究结果的评价，说明研究结果支持了惊喜假说，符合语境。故选A。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain.(持续疼痛的患者经常对自己的状况感到不确定的恐惧和焦虑。他们的预期与实际疼痛体验之间的这种不匹配会进一步加强他们对疼痛的强烈感知。)”可知，上文提到了预期与实际疼痛体验之间的不匹配会加强疼痛感知，空处应该提出解决办法。选项G“缩小期望与现实之间的这种差距可能在减轻疼痛方面发挥关键作用”提出了解决办法，即缩小期望与现实之间的差距，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·北京昌平·期中）“Money can’t buy you happiness” is either a well-known piece of folk wisdom, or a tired cliché (陈词滥调). Is it right, though? Scientifically speaking, the answer is mixed. A recent study carried out at the University of Bath has once again looked at the relationship between income and happiness. It seems that, up to a point and within a specific set of circumstances, money can buy happiness. 1 What makes us happy? At the most fundamental level, the things that make us happy are those that satisfy our basic biological needs. 2 Our brain recognizes these things as being “biologically significant”. If we obtain them, we experience a sense of happiness. However, this doesn’t mean “more money” automatically means “more happiness”. Money may be recognized by our brains as biologically significant, but there is an upper limit on how rewarding even biologically significant things can be. For example, eating food can often be pleasurable, but at some point, you’ll be sated (过饱的) after which point eating more causes actual discomfort. 3 Build too many barriers around yourself and you will end up feeling isolated. There’s also the phenomenon of habituation where the fundamental parts of our brains learn not to react to things that occur predictably and reliably. This is why things that are surprising and unexpected are often more rewarding than familiar things. 4 Receiving your regular pay is reassuring, but receiving money unexpectedly, even if it’s a far smaller sum, often makes you much happier. Also, when we actively need it for our survival, obtaining money is very rewarding. Once we go beyond that point, in other words, once we’re “financially secure”, its power to make us happy is significantly reduced. 5 A. In many cases, the same thing happens with money. B. This ultimately means money’s link to happiness is more indirect. C. The same goes for drinking and even for things like shelter and security. D. It might be better to consider that money can buy you safety and security. E. We humans need many things to ensure our survival, like food, water and security. F. But beyond that, the relationship between money and happiness becomes more uncertain. G. Instead, more psychological stimulation like travelling has a greater ability to make us happy. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了金钱能否买到幸福的问题以及金钱和幸福之间的关系。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“A recent study carried out at the University of Bath has once again looked at the relationship between income and happiness. It seems that, up to a point and within a specific set of circumstances, money can buy happiness.(巴斯大学最近进行的一项研究再次关注了收入和幸福之间的关系。似乎，在一定程度上，在特定的情况下，金钱可以买到幸福)”可知，上文提到在一定程度上在特定的情况下，金钱可以买到幸福，推测本句是在说明超出这个程度和范围，金钱和幸福的关系。故F选项“但超出这个范围，金钱和幸福之间的关系变得更加不确定”符合语境，故选F。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“What makes us happy? At the most fundamental level, the things that make us happy are those that satisfy our basic biological needs.(是什么让我们快乐？在最基本的层面上，让我们快乐的东西是那些满足我们基本生理需求的东西)”以及后文“Our brain recognizes these things as being “biologically significant”. If we obtain them, we experience a sense of happiness.(我们的大脑认为这些事情具有“生物学意义”。如果我们得到它们，我们会体验到一种幸福感)”可知，本句主要列举人类所需要的满足生理需求的基本东西。故E选项“我们人类需要很多东西来确保生存，比如食物、水和安全”符合语境，故选E。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“For example, eating food can often be pleasurable, but at some point, you’ll be sated (过饱的) after which point eating more causes actual discomfort.(例如，吃东西通常是令人愉快的，但在某些时候，你会感到饱，之后吃得更多会导致实际的不适)”以及后文“Build too many barriers around yourself and you will end up feeling isolated.(在自己周围建立太多的障碍，你最终会感到孤立)”可知，上文举出吃东西的例子，推测本句进一步扩展同类现象，与后文“过多障碍导致孤独”形成对比。故C选项“饮水，甚至住房和安全也是如此”符合语境，故选C。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“There’s also the phenomenon of habituation where the fundamental parts of our brains learn not to react to things that occur predictably and reliably. This is why things that are surprising and unexpected are often more rewarding than familiar things.(还有一种现象是习惯化，即我们大脑的基本部分学会了不对可预测和可靠发生的事情做出反应。这就是为什么令人惊讶和意想不到的事情往往比熟悉的事情更有回报的原因)”以及后文“Receiving your regular pay is reassuring, but receiving money unexpectedly, even if it’s a far smaller sum, often makes you much happier.(收到固定的工资会让人安心，但意外收到钱，即使数额小得多，也会让你更开心)”可知，本段讨论“习惯化现象”，强调“意外事件更令人愉悦”。选项A“金钱也遵循同样规律”呼应前文，举例“意外收入更让人快乐”佐证观点。故A选项“在很多情况下，同样的事情也发生在金钱上”符合语境，故选A。 (5)题解析： 根据上文“Also, when we actively need it for our survival, obtaining money is very rewarding. Once we go beyond that point, in other words, once we’re “financially secure”, its power to make us happy is significantly reduced.(此外，当我们为了生存而积极地需要金钱时，获得金钱是非常有益的。一旦我们超过了这一点，换句话说，一旦我们“经济上有保障”，它让我们快乐的力量就会大大降低)”可知，末段总结“金钱在生存需求满足后作用减弱”，选项B“金钱与幸福的关系更间接”点明结论，与前文“经济安全后作用显著降低”呼应。故B选项“这最终意味着金钱与幸福的联系更加间接”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·北京怀柔·期中）Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. 1 Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts. 2 When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation. Make a list of things you are grateful for. You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. 3 Learn to adapt to the changes. There are many things you can’t change. 4 Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents’ and friends’ support, you can survive any life changes. Allow yourself to vent (发泄) your feelings every once in a while. Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or family member or see a therapist. Find what makes you happy. 5 Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy. Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always! A. Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy. B. The best and only thing you can do is to accept them. C. Change the way you think. D. Are you constantly complaining about your present job? E. Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain. F. Make friends with positive people. G. So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining? 【答案】1. G 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了停止抱怨，放弃消极想法的一些建议。 (1)题解析： 根据上句“Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful.(有时你甚至没有意识到你在抱怨，但这很少有帮助)”以及下句讲述这里有一些停止抱怨，放弃消极思想的一些建议可知，空格处应该说怎么做才能停止抱怨，G选项“So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining?(那么，怎样才能强迫自己停止抱怨呢？)”发出疑问，该怎么停止抱怨，引出了下文的一些建议，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 (2)题解析： 空格处是本段小标题，根据下文“stop and force yourself to say something positive instead(停止抱怨，强迫自己说些积极的话)”以及“Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.(当你抱怨时，寻求一个快乐的朋友的帮助来改变你，帮助你看到积极的一面)”可知，本段讲述强迫自己说一些积极的东西并看到事情积极的一面，C选项“Change the way you think.(改变你的思维方式)”说明了要改变自己的思维模式，也就是要把消极的思维改变为积极的思维，因此概括了本段主要内容，可作为本段小标题，故选C。 (3)题解析： 根据段落标题“Make a list of things you are grateful for.(列出你感激的事情)”可知，本段建议把感恩的事情列个清单，感激我们所拥有的，E选项“Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain.(写下你感激的事情，你会发现你没有任何理由抱怨)”说明了要写下自己感激的事情，符合本段语境，故选E。 (4)题解析： 根据段落标题“Learn to adapt to the changes.(学会适应变化)”和空格上文“There are many things you can’t change.(有很多事情是你无法改变的)”可知，我们要学会适应变化，总有许多事情我们不能改变，不能改变就该接受，因此空格处应该说我们要接受这些我们改变不了的事情，B选项“The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.(你能做的最好也是唯一的事情就是接受他们)”说明了要接受那些改变不了的事情，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 (5)题解析： 空格下文“Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career.(也许是时候做出艰难的决定，换一份工作或另一份职业了)”说的是也许你该换工作了，空格处也应该说有关工作的内容，D项“Are you constantly complaining about your present job?(你是否经常抱怨现在的工作？)”提出你是否抱怨现在的工作的疑问，是有关工作的，job是复现词汇，因此D选项引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·北京师范大学附属中学-11月·期中）Pets are like our family members and their good health is something that is very important to all pet owners. Just as the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (一氧化物) and carbon dioxide in the air, affect our health, these same environmental nasties can affect our pets too. 1 57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. In a more recent study from the journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, researchers found that cats with breathing problems were more likely to live in households with higher indoor air pollution. Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. They work to remove harmful chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other environmental pollutants from the air. 2 But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? 3 The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. Air purifiers come in various shapes and sizes, from small desk-top units to large, free-standing models. In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. 4 Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct. 5 We should always stay away from the ones that produce even minimal quantities. We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter. Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them. A. At present many homes are equipped with these useful devices. B. Before buying an air purifier, we should keep two aspects in mind. C. Pet owners always pay close attention to the physical health of their pets. D. Even the smallest pets shouldn’t be able to access the insides of air purifiers. E. This greatly depends on the type of air purifier and air cleaning technology used. F. So always check the product specifications and try to find a model that does not produce any carbon monoxide. G. A 2008 study published in Brain and Cognition showed that dogs’ brains were negatively affected by the heavy pollution levels. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. E 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，宠物的健康对所有宠物主人来说都非常重要，比如有呼吸问题的猫更可能生活在室内空气污染较高的家庭中，因此选择一款适当的空气净化器很重要，文章就如何确保空气净化器不会伤害我们的宠物做出了说明。 (1)题解析： 由下文“57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. (57%的狗暴露在高污染水平下，会患上脑部疾病，并表现出神经问题的迹象)”可知，G选项“2008年发表在《大脑与认知》杂志上的一项研究表明，狗的大脑受到严重污染水平的负面影响。”引出高污染对狗大脑的负面影响，承接下文讲狗因高污染会出现脑部疾病问题。故选G项。 (2)题解析： 由上文“Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. (空气净化器近年来已投入使用)”和下文“But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? (但是它们对宠物安全吗？我们如何确保它们不会伤害我们毛茸茸的朋友？)”可知，在空气净化器已投入使用的前提下，人们开始思考它们对于宠物是否安全，说明有些家庭已经使用了这种有用的设备——空气净化器，才会提出下文的疑问，承接上下文，A选项“目前许多家庭都配备了这些有用的设备。”切题。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 由上文“But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? (但是它们对宠物安全吗？我们如何确保它们不会伤害我们毛茸茸的朋友？)”，下文第四段“The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. (在宠物周围使用机械设备的身体安全是我们必须注意的)”和第五段“Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. (空气净化器是否改善或损害动物的健康也是我们必须考虑的问题)”可知，下文就上文提到的空气净化器对于宠物是否安全的问题，下文从两个方面入手，确保人们买到合适的空气净化器，承接上下文，B选项“在购买空气净化器之前，我们应该记住两个方面。”切题。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 由上文“In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. (就身体伤害而言，我们的宠物存在被困在空气净化器电线中的风险。空气净化器设计用于有儿童的家庭，其内部机制也应安全，不受我们宠物的小尾巴及其身体其他部位的影响)”可知，空气净化器对宠物有危险，但用于儿童家庭的空气净化器是安全的，不会伤害宠物的小尾巴及其身体其他部位，所以最小的宠物也能免受进入空气净化器的伤害，承接上文，D选项“即使是最小的宠物也不能进入空气净化器的内部。”切题。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 由上文“Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct. (空气净化器是否改善或损害动物的健康也是我们必须考虑的问题。空气净化器对宠物是安全的，但前提是它们不会产生任何臭氧副产品)”，下文“We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter. (我们总是出于安全考虑，选择了一款标准的空气净化器，该净化器采用经典的三级过滤系统，包括前置过滤器、高效空气过滤器和碳活性过滤器)”和最后一段“Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them. (选择错误的空气净化器类型会很快让我们的宠物变得更糟。另一方面，选择正确的空气净化器可以大大提高他们的生活质量)”可知，空气净化器是否改善或损害动物的健康与空气净化器的空气净化技术和类型相关，承接上下文，E选项“这在很大程度上取决于空气净化器的类型和使用的空气净化技术。”切题，This指代上文“The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct”。故选E项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·北京中国人民大学附属中学~·期中）When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel? You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 1 Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 2 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem. Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995. Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need-not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 3 Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools. A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 4 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student’s feeling of belonging is vital for their learning. 5 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected. A. They may do things to increase their self-esteem. B. This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning. C. Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors. D. Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling. E. Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life. F. It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted. G. When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected. 【答案】1. G 2. D 3. F 4. B 5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归属感的重要性及其相关研究。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.”(根据牛津词典的解释，归属感被定义为“在一个群体、一个地方或一个环境中，一种深深的接受、包容和认同感。”)”可知，此处提到归属感的定义。G选项“When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected.(当你觉得自己非常适合某个特定环境时，你会感到被重视和尊重)”承接上文，进一步解释了什么是归属感。故选G。 (2)题解析： 根据下文“In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy (等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem.(1943年，亚伯拉罕·马斯洛（Abraham Maslow）是第一位将归属感作为人类需求的心理学家。他的需求层次理论指出，人类必须先获得基本需求，如生理需求和与安全相关的需求，然后才能开始满足其他更高级、更复杂的需求，如归属感或自尊)”可知，D选项“Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling.(多年来，研究人员一直在探索这种主观感受)”指出归属感这一主观感受一直以来都受到研究人员的关注，为下文介绍相关研究做铺垫。故选D。 (3)题解析： 上文提到“According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. (根据他们的研究，自尊不仅仅是人们对自己内心的感觉)”可知，此处强调自尊不仅仅关乎人们内心的感受。F选项“It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted.(它实际上是一个衡量人们被接纳程度的警告信号)”承接上文，指出自尊还涉及到外部因素，即人们被接纳的程度，这是一个衡量自尊的重要标准。同时，F选项中的“it”指代上文的“self-esteem”，使得上下文连贯。故选F。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“ A 2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. (2020年的一项研究分析发现，在学校没有归属感的学生往往会在环境中寻找威胁，以表明他们是否受欢迎)”可知，学生在学校没有归属感时，会经常在环境中寻找威胁信号，以判断自己是否受欢迎，这会给学生带来压力。B选项“This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning.(这种压力会消耗掉学习所需的认知资源)”承接上文，解释了缺乏归属感给学生带来的负面影响，即消耗认知资源，影响学习效果。故选B。 (5)题解析： 根据下文“Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. (研究人员将继续分析个性、文化甚至社交媒体如何塑造我们与他人的联系)”可知，此处强调研究人员将继续分析个性、文化和社交媒体如何塑造我们对与他人联系的感知，由此表明归属感是一个复杂且多元的概念，受到多种因素的影响。C选项“Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors.(归属感是一个复杂的事物，因为它受到许多因素的影响)”引出下文，为下文介绍相关研究做铺垫。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·北京第八十中学-11月·期中）There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. 1 A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. 2 It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. 3 In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. 4 There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. 5 “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A. Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B. Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C. This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D. The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs t$