专题03 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）八年级英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文+议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京汇文中学·期中）Have you ever paid attention to your school’s security guards (保安) or dining hall staff? Would you say “good morning” to your school’s cleaners? For high school student Ding Jiacheng, it’s a problem that many students ignore (忽视) the important jobs done by these non-teaching workers. The boy from Hangzhou, together with several other students, worked on a project called “The Invisible (隐身的) are Significant”. They hoped more students would see and respect the “invisible” staff in the school. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition held by Harvard University and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to study social problems. “My team members and I sent questionnaires (问卷) to 158 students,” said Ding. “In one question, 56 percent of the students said they would greet those non-teaching workers, while only 17 percent strongly believe that every student should do so.” The team also observed communications between students and workers. “When most students follow the rules of their teachers, one-third of the students go against the rules of the dormitory attendants (宿舍管理员), ” said Ding. “It shows that students treat non-teaching staff differently from teaching staff.” The main reason, according to Ding, is that students know little about the work done by non-teaching workers. They also have few chances to communicate with them. Therefore, Ding’s team shot videos to show staff working around schools. They also held a basketball match between students and non-teaching staff to increase their communication. “We’ve also made a series of stickers (贴纸), ” said Ding. “We hope these cute images will help young people like the non-teaching staff more.” “The activity helped me understand that we can all make a positive impact (积极影响) through our creative ideas,” Ding said. 1.Why did Ding Jiacheng and his teammates start the project? A. To make more students see and respect non-teaching workers. B. To draw students’ attention to important social problems. C. To help non-teaching staff at his school find other jobs. D. To win a prize at the competition China Thinks Big. 2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. What jobs non-teaching workers do. B. How Ding’s team worked on their project. C. Why many students don’t follow school rules. D. What ways students use to help non-teaching staff. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Students treat non-teaching staff the same as teaching staff. B. High school students care more about the non-teaching staff. C. Students have many chances to get to know non-teaching staff. D. Better communication can help students value the non-teaching staff. Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京汇文中学·期中）Children have very curious minds. They explore new things for no other reason except that they just desire (渴望) to know. But as kids grow, they often start thinking in fixed ways. George Land, a researcher from NASA, studied 1,600 children, testing their creative potential (潜力) and curiosity levels at age 5, 10, and 15. The first time these kids took the test, 98% scored the highest possible score. Five years later, only 30% of them scored well. For the third time—by their high school—only 12% of the kids did well. This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious. Curiosity, it seems, gets unlearned as people age. But why should we care? Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our minds. For example, when given an interesting puzzle (谜题) that doesn’t have a clear answer, your brain becomes very active—it gets ready for learning and becomes more creative in dealing with related tasks. Lit by curiosity, the mind sharpens its focus and gains a fresh point of view. In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to academic (学术的) success. For one thing, it improves memory. A study in Neuron finds that when people are very curious about a fact, they are 30% more likely to remember it. Curiosity also builds patience. A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more willing to wait for the solution to a puzzle, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing opportunities for deeper learning. The benefits of curiosity do not end here. Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they are different from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints. Ready to do more to develop your curiosity? The good news is that low levels of curiosity don’t mean your curiosity is just gone. In fact, you can actively train your curiosity. One effective way is to ask yourself questions and write them down and find the answers later. This simple step of finding gaps in your knowledge naturally inspires more curiosity. We all start out curious. It’s our choice to be curious or not. As physicist Richard Feynman wisely said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” And with the proven benefits, you may be surprised where curiosity leads you. 1.According to the passage, some people stop being curious because ________. A. they develop a more open mindset as they age B. they try to focus on their work rather than the mind C. their knowledge increase weakens their desire to know D. their study interest drops after getting poor scores at school 2.The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. raised B. tested C. explained D. received 3.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Less curious people often suffer from memory loss. B. High curiosity pushes people to look for quick solutions. C. Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. D. Curiosity allows healthy disagreement within a group. 4.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To prove the possibility of training curiosity. B. To encourage people to restore their curiosity. C. To show how curiosity leads to academic success. D. To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京清华附中朝阳分校·期中）Do you know that before 2011, people in China had to stand in long lines at train stations to buy tickets? Sometimes, tickets would be sold out while people were still waiting. But now, people can easily book tickets on their phones and take the train using just their ID cards. What brought about these changes? And who played an important role in them? Let’s read on and find out! As the world’s largest real-time ticketing platform, 12306 serves over 700 million users and handles (处理) more than 50 billion daily visits at the busiest time. The “super brain” behind this platform is Shan Xinghua, the chief (首席的) researcher at China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation. Shan began her career in 1996 when she joined a new team with the task of creating a national ticketing system. Over the years, she has led the system through several key milestones. When the system was first launched in 2011, it faced its biggest challenge during the 2012 Spring Festival travel rush (春运). It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this challenge, Shan told her team, “We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.” Working around the clock, they finally improved the system, allowing it to handle over 1.4 billion daily visits and doubling its daily ticket sales capacity. In 2017, Shan Xinghua and her team started the e-ticket reform (改革) in Hainan. Passengers could enter the station through facial scanning (面部扫描). Shan found the slow speed was the biggest problem with the facial recognition (识别) system. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new facial recognition system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gate in about 1.5 seconds. Shan said, “Technology should serve society and improve people’s lives.” To make travel more convenient, Shan and her team always listen to passengers’ needs. They hope to improve their services and make more people satisfied. 1.What do the underlined numbers “700 million” and “50 billion” in Para. 2 show? A. The 12306 platform saves time for users. B. The 12306 platform covers a large user scale (范围). C. The 12306 platform is a real-time platform. D. The 12306 platform is the most modern one in the world. 2.What did Shan do when the system broke down in 2012? A. She asked other teams for help. B. She limited the number of tickets for sale. C. She waited for the system to work again by itself. D. She worked hard with her team to improve the system. 3.Where can we most probably read this passage? A. In a newspaper. B. In a storybook. C. On a travel website. D. In a computer magazine. Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京师范大学附属中学·期中）Why “Useless” Science is So Important Imagine a scientist who wins the Nobel Prize. You might picture them in a lab, solving a huge problem like fighting cancer or stopping climate change. But the story behind the 2025 Nobel Prizes, and so many before them, shows a more interesting truth. Often, the most world-changing discoveries begin not with a clear goal, but with a scientist asking a curious question that seems, at the time, totally useless. This kind of exploration is called basic (基础的) research. Unlike designing a new phone or a faster car, basic research isn’t about creating a product. It is simply the brave and wonderful act of trying to understand the world’s deepest secrets—how life works, what matter is made of, and why things are the way they are. The Nobel Prizes celebrated those discoveries. Take the prize in Medicine 2025 for example. One researcher, Shimon Sakaguchi, became curious about a few immune cells (免疫细胞) that didn’t seem to fight germs (细菌). At the time, studying these cells seemed like a waste of time. Yet, this curiosity-driven work finally revealed that these cells, later named regulatory T cells, are actually “peacekeepers” that stop the body from attacking itself after nearly thirty years. That “useless” knowledge later became the key to understanding and treating serious diseases where the body’s immune system (系统) stops working correctly. Today, what started as a simple question is leading to new medicines that help retrain our body’s immune system. It proves that asking a simple “why” about something small can end up protecting millions of people. In another celebrated case, the Chemistry prize 2024 recognized work on designing and predicting (预测) the building blocks of life itself, which also began with questions that seemed impossible forever. For about 50 years, scientists wondered, “Can we design proteins (蛋白质) inside living things? Can a computer guess their 3-D shapes?” Back then, it was just knowledge and tools. They would never know from the very beginning that this long, basic research has provided a chance that allowed recent scientists to use AI to quickly map millions of proteins and create new ones, leading to new medicines and tools to deal with pollution. The powerful lesson from the Nobel stage is clear: you cannot schedule a breakthrough. The next time you find yourself lost in a question that seems to have no point—why the stars shine, how a spider builds its perfect web, or what sound a tree makes—remember that you are thinking like a Nobel winner, for it is in the search of seemingly useless questions that we finally find the tools to build a better future. 1.According to the passage, which of the following is the BEST example of “basic research”? A. A team tested several ways to find a longer-lasting battery for electric cars. B. A scientist studied body shapes of different birds because of his curiosity. C. A company did research to develop new, more comfortable sports shoes. D. Doctors ran tests to see if a new medicine works against heart disease. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. All the immune cells have the job to fight germs to protect the body. B. Shimon Sakaguchi found Regulatory T cells may attack the body itself. C. Scientists today can discover in which way proteins are organized by AI. D. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 was awarded for finding new medicine. 3.The word “revealed” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. uncovered the truth B. invented the story C. seemed to show D. drew the conclusion 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To disagree that scientists should stop working on useful problems. B. To explain the process of creating a certain immune cell and protein. C. To prove that chemistry and medicine are important in modern science. D. To show how curiosity about strange questions can lead to big discoveries. 主题语境03 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·北京大学附属中学·期中）In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty (诚实) and reliability (可靠). Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. ______. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. 1.The underlined words “fair weather friends” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean ______. A. 有钱的朋友 B. 酒肉朋友 C. 信任的朋友 D. 诚实的朋友 2.Which of the following can be put in the blank (空白处) in Para 5? A. A special friend who has money or luck B. A special friend who we can have fun with C. A special friend who always points out each other’s mistakes D. A special friend who can understand each other’s feelings 3.This passage mainly discusses ______. A. the qualities of a friend B. where to choose friends C. how to get along with friends D. the importance of having a friend 主题语境04 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京中国人民大学附属中学·期中）Life is always changing—sometimes great, other times worrying and stressful. There are lots of benefits in accepting the unexpected and simple things you can do to make it easier to deal with life changes. There can be lots of new things that happen in your life. Some can be really positive things that you make happen yourself, like joining a club or making a new friend. However, some changes you face could make you feel worried or uncertain. They can be big things like moving schools, a friend going away or family life changing because of parents’ separating. They can be smaller ones like new schedules at home due to parents’ or carers’ working habits or a teacher you don’t know taking over your class. All of these things can bring up some pretty big feelings—and that’s OK. Why can it be hard to deal with? Changes can be difficult because it often brings feelings of uncertainty. Emily Hanlon is a child psychologist (someone who studies how children think, feel and behave) who explains, “Our brains like habits and usual actions. They help us feel safe. When something changes, like starting a new school or moving to a new home, it can feel like entering a new place. It is like going on a surprise adventure with no map. This can make us feel nervous or afraid because we don’t know what will come next.” Changes can also be hard if you don’t feel quite ready for it, or that you are not in control of whatever is happening. Can changes be a good thing? Yes—life would be very boring if everything stayed the same all the time. Trying new things and making changes help you find what you like and dislike. For example, if you didn’t taste that new kind of ice cream, how would you know you love it? It also helps you grow and learn skills. Hanlon says, “While changes can feel frightening, it often brings new adventures, new friends, and new special abilities—well, maybe not great strengths, but surely the abilities to get back confidence and grow stronger.” 1.Which of the following is a small life change? A. A friend going away. B. You moving schools. C. Your parents separating. D. A new teacher taking over your class. 2.According to Emily Hanlon, “a surprise adventure with no map” in Paragraph 3 is used ________. A. to explain why change feels difficult B. to describe the importance of the map C. to compare changes to dangerous adventures D. to suggest ways to avoid changes and keep safe 3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Changes help you avoid new experiences. B. Changes make life full of new adventures. C. Changes make life feel boring and stressful. D. Changes help you feel sure about yourself. 4.What can we learn from the writer’s opinion on changes? A. They should be avoided at all costs. B. They should be accepted with some skills. C. They are challenging but they can improve your abilities. D. They can help us fight against uncertainty. Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京清华附中朝阳分校·期中）You might think that you don’t have time to sit down and create something every day. This is when it is important to know the difference between using creativity and actually creating something. In a lot of ways, creativity is all about how you see things. You can use creativity to write poems, but you can also use it in practical ways like coming up with a solution for a project or organizing things in your home. The next time you think you are not creative, take a step back and take a look at what you do in your daily life. You might be surprised at how often you are using creativity. As children, we are highly creative and imaginative. We often act on our impulses (冲动): speaking our thoughts out loud as they come into our heads, and letting our imaginations inform many of our actions. But as we grow older, we are taught to control these impulses. This is generally a good thing—a world without impulse control would be a place without order. After we say “no” to our impulses, it can be difficult to start following them again in a creative sense. One way to make your inhibition (抑制) less is through free writing. When you do free writing, you write continuously for a period of time without worrying about the topic or being “correct”. It is also important to remind yourself that there is no perfection. If you try to find the “right way” to do something, you limit your creative potential (潜质). When you get a creative impulse, don’t push it away or say “no”. Try saying “yes, and…” instead. This encourages you not only to accept an idea but also to develop it. The “yes, and…” mindset allows you to take impulses, and give them consideration and room to grow. Creativity plays an important role in our daily lives. Following your creative impulses can potentially help improve things like your performance and your ability. It is easy to get used to worrying that your ideas are not good enough or that people won’t like them. But if you are able to trust and follow your impulses, it can help you to overcome those barriers (障碍). 1.According to the passage, we are using creativity when we ________. A. copy down a famous poem B. receive our friends’ letters C. set up a reading area at home D. follow others’ advice without thinking 2.What does the word “inform” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Pay close attention to. B. Have an influence on. C. Make preparation for. D. Show some interest in. 3.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. The “yes, and…” mindset is needed to develop a new idea. B. We need to learn more about how to control our impulses. C. Free writing can be used to help us focus on the writing topic. D. We should keep reminding ourselves of the right way to do things. 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To prove the importance of becoming creative. B. To encourage us to spend more time creating special things. C. To give advice on discovering our unused creativity. D. To compare using creativity and actually creating something. Passage 3 （25-26八上·北京第一七一中学·期中）Do you have a fear (恐惧) of public speaking? Do you ever get nervous when speaking in front of a group of people? I remember I used to be deathly afraid of public speaking. My legs would get weak as I made my way in front of the audience. My mouth would tremble (发抖) as I would begin to say the first few words. I would avoid eye contact (避免眼神接触) unless I find someone with a smiling face, there is a way to overcome a fear of public speaking. Understand the cause of the fear Find out why it’s a fear in the first place. The main reason is the fear of being embarrassed (窘迫的). Most of you are afraid of being laughed at, doing anything foolish or having the audience judge (判断) you. When there are other people who might judge you or think badly of you, this causes you to get nervous. Change your mindset (心态) Try not to think about yourself and what the audience might think of you. Instead, think about the audience and how you can best deliver (传递) your message across. Then, you will be able to get over this fear. Practice It’s best to practice in front of a supporting (支持的) group of people. This will not only make public speaking easier but also help you gain confidence. The more you practice it, the easier it will get. The way I was able to get over my fear of speaking came in two periods (时期). The first period was in high school. I entered the speech class, and all I wanted was to get passed. I didn’t care about winning. Even when I forgot what to say, I didn’t get nervous. The next period was during my job as a trainer. My job was to motivate (激励) people. So gradually, my focus went from thinking about myself to not caring about that, and finally to thinking about my audience. In the two periods, my mindset changed from the mindset of fear to the mindset of power. So overcoming a fear of public speaking comes down to having the right mindset and practice. 1.What can we learn about the writer from the passage? A. He used to have a fear of public speaking. B. He now works as a trainer in high school. C. He still finds it hard to make a public speech. D. He got over his fear of speaking with his parents’ help. 2.Which of the following could be helpful to overcome a fear of public speaking? A. Try to think about how to avoid eye contact. B. Find out why the audience laugh at you or judge you. C. Think more about yourself when you make a public speech. D. Remember to practice in front of a group of supporting people. 3.The writer wants to tell us _______. A. how harmful a fear of public speaking is B. what causes a fear of public speaking C. how to overcome a fear of public speaking D. why we should overcome a fear of public speaking 主题语境05 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）You and your family may have many plans to get together. It’s a great time to share stories and family history while enjoying each other’s company (陪伴). Give one of these activities a try at your family get-together. You may have lots of fun. Family Tree Wall Create a big family tree to show on a wall. You can write all your family members on it, including those from earlier generations (一代代). Seeing all the names together helps everyone feel connected and understand their family roots (根) better. The family tree wall can give more information about your family. Family Cookbook Collect some favorite family recipes (菜谱)—from your own family or from your uncle or aunt. Ask everyone to share the food they love making. You can add some information like a photo of the family member or the dishes. The recipes can be a wonderful family cookbook. Memory Storytime It is a rare chance to hear interesting and funny stories about your family. As you don’t get this chance often, invite someone to make the story-telling a video. It’s a good way to keep memories (记忆). Trip to the Past You and your family can plan a trip to the old family house. You can take this chance to share family memories. This is a special activity when many members are from out-of-town, as it helps them feel closer to their family roots and understand where they come from. 1.Which activity can give more information of a family according to the writer? A. Family Tree Wall. B. Trip to the Past. C. Family cookbook. D. Memory Storytime. 2.Which of the following is true about the family activities? A. It’s good to write a book about the storytime. B. It’s nice to make a family cookbook with photos. C. Old family houses are better for members in town. D. Family Tree Wall is hard to tell your family history. 3.What does the underlined word “rare” probably mean? A. Boring. B. Crazy. C. Unusual. D. Natural. 4.Which could be the best title of the passage? A. Long History Memories to Keep B. Fun Family History Activities to Try C. Why to Have Family History Activities D. When to Have Family History Activities 主题语境01 人与社会-人际交往 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京师范大学附属中学·期中）There are several kinds of distances (距离) people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate (亲密的), personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family. Personal distance might be the distance when people talk at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors or leaders before a large group. Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themselves from others. Since the study of distance effects is a new science, there aren’t many conclusions about the meaning of space dividing people. But you can make some general findings on your own. Take notes about how you use space in different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does distance give you a feeling that you are being paid no attention to? When do you feel crowded? Standing in a line at a shop counter (柜台), you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t step into each other’s area. If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.” School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own area. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do you feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it is yours. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask that person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you truly. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect others’ areas. Stepping into other people’s space might mean trouble. 1.What may happen if you stand too close to a stranger in a shop line? A. He will give you a gift. B. He may feel angry or nervous. C. He will ask you for help. D. He will move closer to you. 2.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Scientists are studying why there are different kinds of distances. B. You must protect your area from others’ stepping into it. C. Distance can tell the different relationships between people. D. Stepping out of the personal space matters a lot for friends. 3.What’s the best title of the passage? A. Space does speak truly B. How interesting distance is C. Distance can be everywhere D. One should own his space Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）Living and dealing with kids can be a difficult job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even more difficult. If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let the other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything. Communication begins with the concerns（关心）of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and take no notice to anyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing. If you look up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it will say “expressing ideas and feelings or giving people information: a letter or a message”. To keep a good relationship with your parents, you must keep communication strong. Let them know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note. When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, and ask them politely to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the situation worse. Here is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let it go. Communication is the key here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, telling the other person how you feel—listening is the key to communication. 1.What can we learn from the passage? ________ A. Writing a letter is the first step of communication. B. Keeping silent is a good way for you to solve problems. C. Asking your parents for help is the best way to communicate. D. Communication helps us build a good relationship with our parents. 2.The underlined words “drift apart” in Paragraph 1 mean ________. A. are different from others B. get close to each other C. keep away from others D. become interested in new ideas 3.Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________. A. how you get along well with your parents B. when you start to communicate with your parents C. what good parents should do to deal with problems D. why you should make your parents feel good 4.The writer uses Sophie’s example to show that ________. A. playing outside late is dangerous B. communication is the key to problem-solving C. Sophie should be polite to her parents D. Sophie’s parents should listen to her explanation 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）Many people think it’s important and good for health to wash the food before cooking it. However, for some food like eggs, washing can do more harm (坏处) than good. People like to wash the shell (壳) before they cook the egg. They want to make sure the egg is clean and there are no germs (细菌) on it. But they don’t need to do this, because factories will do the cleaning work when they sell the eggs. There is a coating on the shell of the egg. With the coating, germs can not get into the egg easily. When factories do the cleaning work, they wash away the coating and put a kind of special thing on the egg shell. It is there to keep germs from coming into the egg. “Of course there’re germs on the egg, but by washing it, you make it worse (更糟糕的). The egg shell is porous (可渗透的). The water can get germs into the egg when you wash it,” says health scientist Amy Leigh Mercree. “And this can happen more easily when you use cold water or running water.” “So don’t wash eggs—save yourself some time and keep the germs where they are,” Mercree says. 1.According to the passage, washing eggs before cooking them is ________. A. difficult B. healthy C. bad D. important 2.What do factories do with eggs? A. They use a special thing to keep germs from coming into the egg. B. They wash eggs with a special kind of water. C. They spend a lot of time washing eggs. D. They get all the germs out of the eggs. 3.What does the passage want to tell us? A. How to cook eggs well. B. Why we buy eggs from factories. C. How to get germs away from eggs. D. Why we don’t need to wash eggs before cooking them. Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京第八中学·期中）Should People Become Cyborgs? In the marvel comics and movies, millionaire Tony Stark wears a red and gold suit and becomes Iron Man. The suit provides superhuman strength, protection against most attacks, the power of flight, and much more. Iron Man is just a story. But robotic suits are not. Engineers call them exoskeletons (外骨骼). They don’t look as cool as Tony Stark’s Iron Man suits. They typically look like a backpack. But they have changed the lives of many people with injuries or illnesses that affect movement. A disease had paralyzed (使瘫痪) Stacey Kozel and she could not walk anymore. But in 2016, she used an exoskeleton to go hiking. Also, people who do tiring or repetitive jobs, like moving heavy boxes in a warehouse, sometimes use exoskeletons to lessen the load (减轻负荷). You can probably think of a time when you wished you could lift more, jump higher, or run faster. Today’s exoskeletons are expensive. They need to be charged (充电) regularly and can usually help people to do only one type of movement (for example, lifting or walking). But in the future, things might be different. Brendan Quinlivan works on exoskeletons at Harvard University. He says that five years in the future, a hard exoskeleton could really help you. He says it might allow you to flip over a car or pick up a big tree trunk. You could become a lot like Iron Man. That would be cool. But some people worry that the technology could divide humanity. In 2008, new swimsuits helped swimmers go faster than ever before. But swimmers couldn’t compete fairly without the latest suit technology. So the International Swimming Federation banned (禁用) the suits. People who can afford exoskeletons will be stronger and faster than those who cannot. They’d be able to work faster and achieve more than those without suits. We could end up with two classes of humanity: the super humans and everybody else. That wouldn’t be fair. But life already isn’t fair. Plenty of people have advantages over others thanks to their wealth, health, or strength. Right now, exoskeletons are helping to even the playing field for people with disabilities. That’s a great thing. Also, people could use their unfair advantage to help or protect others. For example, rescue workers could move heavy debris (碎片). What do you think? If we ever have Iron Man suits, will they harm or benefit humanity? What would you use an Iron Man suit for? 1.According to the passage, what we can learn? A. Exoskeletons push labor workers to move heavy items. B. The idea of creating exoskeletons comes from Iron Man. C. Exoskeletons can help disabled people to stand and walk. D. The price of future exoskeletons is likely to be even higher. 2.The writer mentions “swimsuits” to show that ________. A. every swimmer needs such suits to compete fairly B. the new technology could help swimmers go faster C. the new technology could make the competition unfair D. banning the high-tech swimsuits is a right decision to make 3.What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A. To tell us the benefits and problems of using exoskeletons. B. To show us the various forms of unfairness that exist in the society. C. To predict what the future technology will be like in daily life and work. D. To encourage us to use different types of exoskeletons more often in practice. Passage 3 （25-26八上·北京第八十中学·期中） Do you know some great inventors and their inventions? What factors (因素) are needed for their success? Well, good timing for a start. You can have a great idea which the public simply doesn’t want… yet. The Italian Giovanni Caselli invented the first fax (传真) machine in the 1860s. Although the quality is excellent, his invention quickly died a commercial (商业的) death. It was not until the 1980s that the fax became very common in every office… too late for Giovanni Caselli. Money also helps. The Frenchman Denis Papin (1647-1712) had the idea for a steam engine (蒸汽机) almost a hundred years before the better-remembered Scotsman James Watt was even born… but he never had enough money to build one. You also need to be patient (it took scientists nearly eighty years to develop a light bulb which actually worked), but not too patient. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray, a professional inventor from Chicago, developed plans for a telephone. Gray saw it as no more than “a beautiful toy”. However, when he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office (专利局) in February, 1876, it was too late. Almost the same invention had arrived two hours earlier… and the young man who sent it, Alexander Graham Bell, will always be remembered as the inventor of the telephone. Of course what you really need is a great idea, but if you haven’t got one, a walk in the country and a careful look at nature can help. The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (魔术贴) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the country. During a similar walk in the French countryside some 250 years earlier, Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur had the idea that paper could be made from wood when he found an abandoned (废弃的) wasps’ nest (蜂巢). You also need good commercial sense. Willy Higinbotham was a scientist doing nuclear (核能的) research in the Brookhaven National Laboratory (实验室) in Upton, USA. In 1958 the public were invited to an exhibition in the Laboratory to see their work, but both parents and children were more interested in a tiny 120 cm screen with a white dot which could be hit back and forth over a “net” using a button (按钮) and a knob (旋钮). Soon hundreds of people were ignoring (忽视) the other exhibits to play the first ever computer game made from a simple laboratory instrument called an “oscilloscope” Higinbotham, however, never made money from his invention, he thought people were only interested in the game because the other exhibits were so boring! 1.Why did the writer use the example of Giovanni Caselli? A. To show how fax machines became common in the 1980s. B. To explain how the quality of an invention can be improved. C. To argue that commercial success is the only goal for inventors. D. To prove that good timing is important for an invention’s success. 2.What can you learn from the passage? A. Elisha Gray missed the chance to be the inventor of the telephone. B. George de Mestral got the idea from a walk in a French countryside. C. Denis Papin succeeded in building a steam engine a hundred years ago. D. Willy Higinbotham made money from his invention of the first computer game. 3.What is the best title for the passage? A. How to get a great idea from nature. B. How to be a successful inventor. C. How to have good commercial sense. D. How to make money from inventions. Passage 4 （25-26八上·北京中国人民大学附属中学·期中）Although AI can bring people comfort, it still cannot match the full abilities of a human doctor. From social relationships to work challenges, Chinese people are turning to DeepSeek to solve different personal problems. They describe sharing their thoughts and receiving helpful advice from the popular chatbot. AI is changing the way people find mental health support. But can AI truly take the place of a human doctor? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental treatment in 2024 did not receive it, with difficulties including cost and a shortage of doctors, according to Daniel Lowd, a professor at the University of Oregon. He believes AI could help solve the shortage of mental health services. “If people can find some support and opinions by talking to a chatbot, then I think that’s wonderful,” said Lowd. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’s needs for mental support in some ways. However, he pointed out that AI cannot completely take the place of real doctors because it doesn’t have the human side which is important for treatment. Human doctors develop a deeper understanding of people’s feelings and needs through communication, which allows them to offer more practical treatment plans. The use of AI in mental health also raises worries over its reliability (可靠性). “AI chatbots will act as doctors if asked, without any of the training or responsibility of human doctors,” said Richard Lachman, a professor in Canada. Scientists believe the key to making AI mental treatment safe is proper government control. Wysa, for example, is a mental health app that provides users with conversations through an AI chatbot. In 2022, it worked with the UK’s National Health Service, following a list of strict standards. As AI becomes more a part of our lives, understanding its effects on human mental health means finding a balance between what’s helpful and what’s dangerous. 1.Why can’t AI fully replace human doctors according to Li Yong? A. AI performs badly in treatment. B. AI treatment has the human side. C. AI can’t understand feelings deeply. D. AI can’t meet people’s needs for physical support. 2.Which of the following is TRUE about AI mental treatment? A. It can totally function as human doctors. B. Wysa’s users must meet a list of strict standards. C. There’s no need to doubt or worry about its effects D. Government rules are necessary to ensure its safety. 3.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. AI can hardly be used to solve the health problems in daily life. B. AI cares for people’s mental health in a well-organized way. C. AI helps mental treatment but should be properly controlled. D. AI takes responsibility for its patients just like human doctors do. Passage 5 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）Hundreds of little robots are walking around colleges and cities in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. The robots, about 50 centimeters（厘米）tall, are bringing food like pizza to students. Starship Technology Company has made more than 1,000 robots, but in 2019 they only made 250. Hundreds more will be sent out soon. “The demand（需求）for robots is increasing fast,” said Alastair Westgarth. He is the head of the company and their robots are delivering food at 20 U.S. colleges and 25 more schools will use robots soon. The robots use cameras, sensors（传感器）and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Computer scientists keep watch on the robots when they deliver food. When a robot arrives, people enter（输入）a code（密码）from their phones to open the robot and get their food. There are some limitations（局限性）for robots now. The robots have to be recharged regularly（经常充电）. They are slow and cannot travel far. They will not leave food at the door. Ji Hye Kim is the chef of Miss Kim restaurant. She used robot delivery when her dining room was closed last year. Kim prefers robots. She says delivery companies cost more and sometimes they cancel（取消）orders if they do not have enough drivers. Delivery companies also group several orders per trip, so food sometimes arrives cold. Robots take just one order at a time. Kim said the robots also excited people who often shared videos of their interactions（互动）with robots. Denis’ company is testing a new type of robots. The robots are about 1.8 meters tall and can travel at a top speed of 40 kilometers on streets, not sidewalks. He says as the technology gets more popular, the costs will go down. 1.What do the robots do in the colleges in the United States? ________ A. They bring food to students in colleges. B. They send emails to students in colleges. C. They deliver newspapers to students. D. They take photos for students. 2.Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A. when people make the delivery robots B. what kind of food robots deliver to people C. how robots deliver food to people D. why people keep watch on the robots 3.Why does Kim prefer robots to delivery companies? ________ A. Because robots can help heat the food for customers. B. Because robots can take one order per trip and never cancel orders. C. Because delivery companies raise the price when they group the orders. D. Because delivery companies only share videos with important customers. 主题语境03 人与自我-个人情况 （25-26八上·北京丰台第十二中学·期中）Self-control is a skill that children need to succeed in school, socially and emotionally. The development of self-control begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. As babies, we have little or no control over our behaviors and emotions, but as we get older, with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain from hitting another child. These abilities continue to develop in our childhood and then youthhood. Also, it is clear that being impulsive (易冲动的) can have bad effects on children, causing interpersonal problems, poor physical health, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, by learning self-control, children can make right decisions and respond to situations in positive ways. One of the effective strategies, when helping children develop self-control abilities, is to select developmentally proper tasks. Try setting up simple goals first, where success is expected, before moving onto the next goal. For preschoolers, goals might include not interrupting or not fighting on the playground. For early elementary school students, right goals might be following bedtime rules. However, it’s not enough to set up simple goals, because for children of the same age, there are still some differences in the development of self-control abilities. Some general strategies often help them learn right self-control behaviors. Take a break Encourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry. Stepping away from an upsetting situation can help a child calm down. Teach and provide attention Paying attention is a skill that can be taught. Encourage children to resist interrupting by learning to observe others without talking, so they can join in easily. Make sure to provide children with attention at times so they don’t feel ignored and therefore are unlikely to interrupt. Use proper rewards In order to develop positive behaviors, children need frequently positive feedback. Praise and consistent feedback can be highly rewarding for young children. It is important to let a child know what a desired behavior is. Use activities designed to teach self-regulation (自我调节) Using specific activities can help teach young children skills that improve self-control. Some of these skills include dealing with “wanting something I can’t have”, understanding feelings, and controlling anger. 1.The underlined word “restrain” in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A. encourage B. stop C. forget D. practice 2.What can teachers do when students are unhappy? A. Teach and provide attention. B. Give rewards and suggestions. C. Teach skills to regulate themselves. D. Encourage them to take a break. 3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Time Waits for No Man—The Development of Self-Control B. Have Power over Your Mind—Tips on Developing Self-Control C. Prevention Is Better than Cure—Rules of Self-Control Behaviors D. Think Twice Before You Act—The Importance of Self-Control Skills 主题语境04 人与自我-健康 （25-26八上·北京顺义仁和中学·期中）Think about how much time you spent outside last week, really “outside”. Walking from the car into the shop doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet, playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, you spent more time inside walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago. That’s according to a study from the University of Michigan. Non-moving activities are more popular now. Besides, the costs are overweight, greater stress, less joy and so on. Play is important, even for adults. Just getting outdoors to play will bring you surprising results. Here are three reasons. Outdoor activities better your senses (感觉官能). Next time you sit down to message your friends, take notes of your senses during and after your texting. Then you do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring and fishing help hone all of your senses.” Says Betsy Keller. She does research on exercise and sports sciences. “Smell, hearing...all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” _______________________________________________ Are you stressed out? Too much indoor time—away from the natural world—is a reason of being much too nervous. Nervousness is a price we pay for being so far away from nature. However, playing outdoors does good to both body and mind. Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air and search for cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected (相连的) to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your door or in a nearby park. Therefore, next time you sit down to spend time on a video game, think about going outdoors to play 1.How does the writer first introduce the topic? A. By showing readers the results of a study. B. By introducing different kinds of outdoor play. C. By asking readers to think about their own time spending. D. By telling readers playing outdoors is good for body and mind. 2.Which word is the closest to the meaning of “hone” in Paragraph 5? A. stop B. change C. show D. improve 3.Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 6? A. Playing outdoors frees you from worries. B. Nature can take away all your bad feelings. C. Nature is the best place for your body health. D. Playing outdoors helps build better relationships. 主题语境05 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京顺义仁和中学·期中）It is natural to compare ourselves with others and to end up in a mental comparison circle. However, this is never good. You may have heard the words, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” To me, this is true. I find it is quite difficult to compare myself with others and feel joy at the same time. Comparison not only takes away our joy, but also leads to self-criticism (自我批评) and a lack (缺乏) of self-acceptance. Usually, comparison makes us think that others are better than us in some way. As a result, we may feel bad. “I am not as successful or attractive as they are. Why don’t I have what they have?” We use comparison as a way to self-criticism, “What’s wrong with me? I must be a loser.” This slows down self-acceptance. Comparison is deceptive (误导人的). It seems to tell us that if we meet the expectations such as losing weight or getting a great score, we will feel better, confident and stop comparing ourselves. However, this may be true only for a short time. In fact, a comparison is based on our inner thoughts, not surroundings (周围环境). Soon we will find something else to compare, another expectation we are not meeting, leaving us feeling worse once again. A student might celebrate being chosen for the school play, but then compare the importance of their role to that of the lead actor, resulting in bad feelings and getting stuck into another circle of comparison. To stop comparing ourselves with others, we should know that comparison is a losing game and then step away from it. Comparison should not be the reason we decide to change. Instead, we try to change because of our own values. Think about your values and match your behaviors and decisions with your values. This does not mean we ignore things that we may want to change. It means these changes and goals are based on values, not comparison with others. Behaviors and decisions are a matter of personal choice, not a way to keep up with others. Self-acceptance isn’t about fixing anything about yourself, it is about accepting who you are today. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The results of comparison. B. The joy of comparison. C. The importance of comparison. D. The reasons for comparison. 2.In Paragraph 3, the writer suggests that comparison is deceptive because ________. A. it is always based on our surroundings B. it can only offer us short-term happiness C. it always comes from false information D. it stops us from making personal choices 3.The writer probably agrees that ________. A. we can improve ourselves by setting up higher goals B. we can turn a deaf ear to things we need to change C. we should focus on our own values and self-acceptance D. we will stop comparison as soon as we achieve our goals Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京海淀·期中）Micro-habits are small habits which require the smallest motivation (动机) or effort to complete. The idea is that micro-habit will slowly build on top of itself and result in something great over time. My middle school gym teacher introduced me to micro-habit in the form of weight lifting. He said, “Imagine weightlifting as stacking up (堆积) pieces of paper. Every day you lift weights, just pretend (假装) like you’re adding a piece of paper to a pile. On the first day, you start with one single piece of paper. After a month of weight lifting, you could have as many as 30 sheets of paper stacked up. After several years of keeping up with weight lifting, you are going to have a serious pile of paper!” The idea has stuck with me ever since, and I have tried to develop a number of micro-habits. These micro-habits have shaped the way I live and have helped me do things I wouldn’t have been able to do otherwise. The first habit I started with was reading. I have never been a big reader but decided I wanted to start reading more to learn new things. At first, I began reading one page a night before bed. Just one page, that’s it! Anyone can read a single page of a book. No matter what. I would read before bed every single night. What I found was reading the page of the book wasn’t what was important, but rather forming the habit. It’s nearly impossible to make an excuse not to take a minute to read a page of a book. Thus, the habit begins to form. Sometimes it is a struggle, but remember—it’s only one page. Finally, by adding only five minutes at a time, I am able to increase the total amount of reading from five minutes to forty-five minutes per night. The beauty of micro-habits is that they’re so simple, you can’t say no to them or make any excuse not to follow through with them. As humans, we often overvalue what we think we can complete, but then we give up the moment reality. Micro-habits are all about preventing you from giving up due to something being too ‘hard’. When practicing consistently, you can do something without even having to think about it. Micro-habits you probably already fixed into your daily life include brushing your teeth, taking a shower, making a morning cup of coffee, etc. Pick something you want to do and improve on. Then find out the micro-habits you can start today to help you reach your goal, and eventually achieve your dream. 1.Why does the writer talk about weight lifting in Paragraph 2? A. To state the necessity of micro-habits. B. To state the importance of weightlifting. C. To further explain what micro-habits are. D. To further explain how to keep weight lifting. 2.What can you learn from the passage? A. Micro-habits are the only factor that has shaped the writer’s way of life. B. The writer started his reading micro-habit by reading 45 minutes every night at first. C. People need a lot of motivation to keep micro-habits like taking a shower in daily life. D. The writer turned his wish of reading more into a habit through a small micro-habit. 3.What does the underlined word “consistently” probably mean in Paragraph 5? A. Regularly B. Carefully C. Quickly D. Secretly 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Micro-habits Can Make Great Progress B. Micro-habits Can Make a Big Difference C. To Achieve Your Goal, Change Your Micro-habits D. To Develop More Skills, Build Your Micro-habits Passage 3 （25-26八上·北京第二中学·期中）Do you still remember the good feelings you experienced when you did something good for someone else? Perhaps it was the satisfaction of cleaning the garden for your neighbour, or the sense of happiness from working at a local community, or the gratification (满足) from donating (捐献) to a good cause. Or perhaps it was the simple joy of having helped out a friend. One reason behind the good feelings is that it helps people get close to each other. Science shows that helping others can make you feel good. The key is to find the way that works for you. Someone says, “If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a day, go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, have a long trip with your friends. If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody.” Giving can feel great. And as we learn early, it’s better to give than to receive. The more you give, the more you get happiness. Follow these tips: ①Find your passion. It’s not how much you give. It’s how much love you put into giving. You might care about one cause more than others, and that’s okay. Support the cause that feels right for you. ②Give your time. The gift of time is often more valuable to the receiver, and more satisfying to the giver, than the gift of money. We don’t all have the same amount of money, but we all have time. ③Give to groups with clear goals. Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School, says that “If we tell the donors what we can do with their money and how their donations can help other people, they will get more happiness.” ④Be active. Set aside time to serve your community. Think about your choices, and find the cause and type of service that best match your values. 1.The writer uses the examples to show ________. A. helping others can bring happiness B. going fishing is a good hobby C. cleaning the garden is a good choice for a part-time job D. taking a nap is better than travelling with friends 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. We should care more about how much we get. B. Receiving is the best way to bring long time happiness. C. Giving money is more valuable than giving time. D. People can feel happier when they have clear goals in donating. 3.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Be active, be healthier. B. Help others, help yourself. C. Work together, reach the goal. D. Save time, save money. Passage 4 （25-26八上·北京第二中学·期中）Competition is a lot like a game. It’s fun to play games, and we all like to win. But remember, for someone to win, someone else has to lose. Even though it’s not always nice, competition has been around for a very long time. From old Greek games to soccer today, people have always enjoyed competing. Competition isn’t just in sports. It’s also in business, science, and even when people look for love. Businessmen say that competition helps keep things fair (公平的) in the market. In science, scientists compete for improving people’s lives. Competition seems to be everywhere! Some people think we are born to compete because it helps us live better. But can we use competition to help others? For example, can we make people save energy (e. g. water and electricity) or take part in volunteer work by competing? In a study, scientists looked at a competition at Princeton University called “Do-it-in-the- Dark”. Students try to use less electricity, and the group that saved the most won a prize. The study showed that during the competition, students used less electricity. But when the competition ended, they went back to using more electricity. This happened at many other universities too. The problem is that this kind of competition only works while there’s a prize. Students are more likely to take actions as long as the university maintains the prize. However, in our example, students stopped saving energy as soon as the competition ended. Once there was no prize, people would stop saving energy. This is because people save energy for the prize, not because they care about the environment. Researchers say that if we want people to keep doing good things, like saving energy, we need them to care about it for the right reasons. We need them to understand why it’s important, not just to win a prize. So, competition can be fun and helpful sometimes, but it’s not always the best way to get people to do good things. Through cooperation, working together and sharing experience during competitions, people can understand the true meaning of competition and know about the long-term benefits. It’s time we start doing the right thing, for the right reasons. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A. We should cooperate in the right way. B. Competition takes place in many fields. C. Businessmen compete to improve our lives. D. Cooperating is more important than competing. 2.The example of the “Do-it-in-the-Dark” competition shows that ________. A. people may do right things because of a prize in competitions B. competitions can help people get more experience from others C. competitions can encourage people to reach the long-term goal D. people should continue to cooperate after winning competitions 3.What does the underlined word “maintains” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Chooses. B. Changes. C. Keeps. D. Earns. 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain the importance of competition. B. To help people to face competitions bravely. C. To give suggestions for winning competitions. D. To tell people to compete for the right reasons. 主题语境06 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·北京海淀·期中）While many people see chores as necessary pains, there are science-based reasons to change your thoughts about chores. It turns out that doing chores is not always in the ways that you might think. As researchers state here in a study, doing tasks which don’t need a lot of effort allows the mind to float around where it will. Your mind gets a break and allows you to consider old problems with new eyes. In fact, effortless tasks create more great ideas than difficult tasks or just resting. So, doing chores can lead to creative problem-solving. Chores are exercise snacks for health. The phrase “exercise snacks” refers to small, even tiny, pieces of physical activity, such as standing for a few minutes after sitting for a while. Taking a two-minute walk, or doing a chore like sweeping up the kitchen. Researchers have studied the effects of exercise snacks ranging (范围) from 30 seconds, like walking up a flight of stairs, to 10 minutes, like washing dishes. Some of the health effects include improved memory, reduced risk of some serious diseases, and longer life. Chores are related to our mental (心理的) health. Completing chores increases (增长) your sense of self-efficacy, known as a person’s belief that they have the ability and skills to reach their goals. Self-efficacy, which was first developed by Professor Albert Bandura in the 1970s, has been shown to increase confidence, low self-efficacy is connected with worries, sadness and hopelessness, while higher self-efficacy is connected with life satisfaction, self-confidence, social connection and growth mindset. Doing chores can reduce stress. A small study from Florida State University explored whether the chore of dish washing could reduce stress. Using a group of 51 students, they discovered that dishwashers who were asked to be mindful when washing dishes focusing on the smell of the soap, the warmth of the water, and the feel of the dishes— reported a decrease in nervousness by 27 percent and an increase in mental inspiration by 25 percent. Chores that reduce the mess can also reduce stress. So if you’ve been thinking about cleaning out that junk drawer, do it. You’ll receive more. 1.According to Paragraph 2, the writer may agree that we can ________ by doing chores. A. get less social B. live a better life C. become more inventive D. change ways of exercise 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. We need to eat snacks after sweeping up the kitchen. B. We can get a sense of achievement by doing chores. C. Using the soap when washing dishes increases efficacy. D. Doing chores every day decreases the creative thinking. 3.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain why most people hate doing chores and offer ways to make chores less tiring. B. To introduce the science-supported advantages of doing chores and encourage people to do chores. C. To prove that doing chores like washing dishes is the best way to reduce stress and improve creativity. D. To teach readers how to use different chores to increase self-efficacy and achieve life satisfaction. 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京文汇中学·期中）In 2019, a British teenager named Hannah Kidner raised an important question that caught the nation’s attention: Should secondary schools start at 10 a.m.? She created an online petition (请愿) calling for this change, and it quickly gained nearly 200,000 supporters, showing that many people agreed with her. Hannah and her supporters believe that early school start times are not suitable for teenagers. Many students find it difficult to get enough sleep because they have to wake up very early—sometimes before 7 a.m.—to get ready and travel to school. As a result, they often sit in class feeling tired and unable to focus (集中注意力). Hannah argued that starting school later would help students learn more effectively and achieve better grades. What’s more, experts say that long-term lack of sleep doesn’t just affect their schoolwork—it can also influence mood and physical health. Some teens may feel more worried or upset when they don’t sleep well. Scientific research supports Hannah’s view. Studies show that during the teenage years, a person’s natural sleep pattern changes. This change is linked to melatonin (褪黑激素), a hormone that controls sleep. In teenagers, melatonin is released (释放) about two hours later at night than in adults, meaning they naturally fall asleep later. Since most teens need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night, waking up early for school cuts their sleep short. This is why so many find it hard to be fully awake and focused in morning classes. One UK school tried starting at 10 a.m. and saw positive things happen. The number of students who were sick and missed school fell by half, and students also reported feeling happier and less stressed. Their exam scores improved as well. All of these suggest that a well-rested mind is better for study. However, not everyone agreed with Hannah’s idea. Some critics said that teenagers’ tiredness is not only caused by school schedules (日程安排). They pointed out that some students stay up late using phones, playing video games, or watching videos, which also affects their sleep. Others worried that a later school end time would leave less time for after-school activities, homework, or part-time jobs. After careful discussion, the British government decided not to make a national rule changing school start times. Instead, they allowed each school to decide its own schedule based on local needs. Although Hannah’s campaign (倡议活动) didn’t lead to a nationwide change this time, it successfully started an important public conversation about teenagers’ health and education. Hannah continues to hope that one day schools will adjust their schedules to help students learn and live better. 1.What do Hannah and her supporters believe? A. Secondary school should end earlier in the afternoon. B. Students should get more homework from teachers. C. The school start time now is unsuitable for teenagers. D. Teenagers need to learn how to manage their sleep. 2.Why does the author mention the scientific research in paragraph 3? A. To give a scientific reason that supports Hannah’s idea. B. To explain how the sleep hormone works in teenagers’ bodies. C. To list the number of sleep hours that teenagers need every night. D. To compare the differences between teens and adults in sleeping 3.The underlined word “critics” in paragraph 5 refers to ________. A. experts in designing school plans B. people holding opposite views C. supporters of the online petition D. researchers on teenagers’ sleep 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the problems caused by early school schedules. B. To show the benefits of later-school-start times for students. C. To tell the story of how a teenager started an online petition. D. To discuss a topic about school start time and its final result. Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京丰台第十二中学·期中）Is Technology Changing the Way Kids Develop Relationships? Technology is redefining（重新定义）the meaning of relationships. For example, technology has enabled people who have never met nor will ever meet to call themselves friends. It makes the line between connections and real friends become unclear. Because of technology’s omnipresence（遍在；无所不在)in the lives of most children, it is shaping how children feel about and develop relationships without fully consideration of the influence that it has on children’s relationships. Because of this growing influence of technology on them, children need to really understand where they are learning about relationships and whether what they are learning is healthy and will lay the groundwork for a future of positive relationships. It’s necessary to recognize these changes because relationships play such a central role in who children become and the quality of the lives they lead. Relationships provide children with a foundation of values, love, security, and support. The quality of children’s early relationships acts as the model on which their future relationships are modeled and built. Later relationships with peers, teachers, and other influential people shape children’s beliefs about the world and the direction that their lives will take. In fact, there is no aspect(方面)of children’s lives that remains untouched by relationships. At the same time, many of the changes in relationships caused by technology have been positive. Technology has also been a good thing to keep already-established（建立） relationships. If you have family or friends who live at a great distance, they no longer have to rely on the telephone or snail mail to stay connected. They can contact through email, texting and so on. As with all value-neutral（价值中立的）advancements, there are both benefits and costs, positive uses and unhealthy misuses. My worry focuses on how children come to define relationships and the role that technology is playing in that process(过程). For example, I hear many young people talking about all of the “friends” they have made on the web. There’s no doubt that the web has enabled people everywhere to connect and communicate like never before, but I would argue that connection alone can not make a relationship. 1.The line between connections and real friends has become unclear because ________. A. technology brings new change B. it’s difficult to find real friends C. it’s wise to connect with strangers D. technology gives kids more free time 2.What do you know about children’s relationships from the passage? A. Relationships are easy to develop for children. B. Children can understand relationships correctly. C. Relationships connect with every part of children’s lives. D. Children’s later relationships are more important than their early ones. 3.The writer probably agrees that ________. A. children can’t make friends on the web B. technology is changing children’s lives C. technology can’t cause positive influence D. children dislike the growing influence of technology 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To list the changes in relationships caused by technology. B. To introduce a new type of relationships in kids’ daily life. C. To tell the kids to develop their relationships with the help of the technology. D. To remind the kids of thinking about the influence of technology on their relationships. 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 （25-26八上·北京文汇中学·期中）Could Your Phone Know Your Personality? What if a machine could understand your personality? Today, this idea is becoming real thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI). Researchers are using AI to find the connection between our digital behavior and our personality. For example, a famous study from the University of Cambridge showed that by analyzing (分析) just a person’s “Likes” on Facebook, a computer could predict a person’s personality quite well—sometimes even better than their co-workers. The way you type, the words you choose, and even your “emoji use” can all offer clues (线索). Another recent study called “How You Use Your Smartphone Can Predict Four Personality traits” took this further. It found that by analyzing simple phone habits—like how often you check your phone or how quickly you reply to messages—an AI system could tell important parts of a person’s character with good accuracy (准确性). This technology is now being tested in some real-world situations. Some companies are using it to help match people with jobs that fit their personalities. For example, a careful and organized person might be a good fit for a job that needs great attention to detail. In healthcare, doctors are studying whether sudden changes in a person’s typical phone behavior can be early signs of stress or anxiety (焦虑). For example, a clear and noticeable slowdown in typing, or a sharp drop (下降) in nighttime phone use, might show that the person is facing hidden difficulties. Discovering these digital signals early on could help them get support sooner. However, scientists also warn us to be careful. Our personality data is highly sensitive and must be kept secret. A report from MIT (麻省理工学院) pointed out that these AI models can sometimes be unfair. The big question is: who gets to use this information, and how do we keep it safe? It’s a powerful tool, but we must use it wisely. 1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. AI can analyze digital behavior to understand personality. B. Social media is the best way to understand personality. C. Computers are better than humans at predicting personality. D. Emoji use is the most important clue to one’s personality. 2.According to Paragraph 4, how might this technology help in healthcare? A. By giving medicine to sick people. B. By helping doctors find problems early. C. By keeping records for hospitals. D. By making phones for doctors. 3.What is the main worry scientists have about this technology? A. It will cost too much money to use. B. It may not work correctly sometimes. C. It will make many people lose their jobs. D. It could bring safety and fairness problems. 主题语境03 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·北京第八十中学·期中）Having too many friends doesn’t sound like the kind of thing anyone should really worry about. After all, what can be wrong with having a wider group of people to hang out with? According to the latest survey, the average (平均) number of friends people have on social media (社交媒体) is between 300 and 500. Research suggests that this number is actually higher for teenagers. Is it possible to maintain meaningful relationships with so many people, especially those you may never meet in person? We are just one click away from making new friends on social media. This has led some people to question how honest the friendship is. For example, when I see that a friend has posted photos from his latest holiday on social media, I’d typically reply with a comment (评论) like “Wow, looks great!” even though it doesn’t. The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will reply similarly, so I’ll feel better about myself. Not long ago, I met someone who loved music as much as I did at a concert. We got along pretty well that evening, although the music was so loud! We even added each other on social media. Now, I see her photos on social media, and I “like” her photos, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never meet up in real life. It could be argued that this is just another example of how life has changed in recent years. We live in a time when we expect things to happen right away, so is it really all that surprising that the way we form friendships has changed? Perhaps it shows how social media has made friendships less honest, turning them into meaningless “adds” and “likes”. Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few unimportant online conversations. It’s taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting relationships. And these for me and I believe for most other people too are much more valuable and meaningful. It’s something that cannot be replicated on social media. No matter how many times you have “liked” a person’s posts, you cannot get the same result. It has been said that technology is destroying our relationships with other people. I wouldn’t go so far as to say that. However, it seems that it has changed the way that we manage our friendships. But in the end, it’s up to us to decide how real and meaningful those friendships are. 1.What can we learn about making friends on social media? A. People often share their real feelings with online friends. B. Teenagers are more likely to meet online friends in person. C. Communicating online is the first step to making real friends. D. People always expect good comments on their posts from friends. 2.Why does the writer mention the experience of making a friend in Paragraph 4? A. To suggest an easy way of making friends. B. To explain why people make friends on social media. C. To stress the importance of making friends in real life. D. To show how technology has changed the way of making friends. 3.The word “replicated” in Paragraph 6 probably means _______ A. shared B. learned C. copied D. tested 4.The writer probably agrees that ________ A. it’s necessary to be honest with online friends B. having more online friends makes people feel better C. social media helps strengthen relationships between people D. true friendships require company and honest communication 主题语境04 人与自我-方法与哲理 （25-26八上·北京第一六六中学·期中）Competition is a lot like a game. It’s fun to play games, and we all like to win. But remember, for someone to win, someone else has to lose. Even though it’s not always nice, competition has been around for a very long time. From old Greek games to soccer today, people have always enjoyed competing. Competition isn’t just in sports. It’s also in business, science, and even when people look for love. Businessmen say that competition helps keep things fair (公平的) in the market. In science, scientists compete for improving people’s lives. Competition seems to be everywhere. Some people think we are born to compete because it helps us live better. But can we use competition to help others? For example, can we make people save energy (e.g. water and electricity) or take part in volunteer work by competing? In a study, scientists looked at a competition at Princeton University called “Do-it-in-the-Dark”. Students tried to use less electricity, and the group that saved the most won a prize. The study showed that during the competition, students used less electricity. But when the competition ended, they went back to using more electricity. This happened at many other universities too. The problem is that this kind of competition only works while there’s a prize. Students are more likely to take actions as long as the university maintains the prize. However, in our example, students stopped saving energy as soon as the competition ended. Once there was no prize, people would stop saving energy. This is because people save energy for the prize, not because they care about the environment. Researchers say that if we want people to keep doing good things, like saving energy, we need them to care about it for the right reasons. We need them to understand why it’s important, not just to win a prize. So, competition can be fun and helpful sometimes, but it’s not always the best way to get people to do good things. Through cooperation, working together and sharing experience during competitions, people can understand the true meaning of competition and know about the long-term benefits. It’s time we start doing the right thing, for the right reasons. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A. We should cooperate in the right way. B. Competition takes place in many fields. C. Businessmen compete to improve our lives. D. Cooperating is more important than competing. 2.What does the underlined word “maintains” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Chooses. B. Changes. C. Keeps. D. Earns. 3.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain the importance of competition. B. To help people to face competitions bravely. C. To give suggestions for winning competitions. D. To tell people to compete for the right reasons. 主题语境05 人与自然-动物与植物 （25-26八上·北京大学附属中学·期中）Lightning usually destroys (破坏) trees it hits. But scientists have found an amazing tree. It not only lives through lightning strikes (击中) but actually grows better because of them! For years, scientists thought lightning was only bad for trees. But as they explored places like the Amazon rainforest, they started to think there could be trees that fight against lightning. It wasn’t until about 100 years ago that such “super trees” were discovered. Now, they know of a tree that uses lightning’s power to kill nearby trees and get more sunlight and nutrients (营养) for itself. In 2015, scientist Evan Gora saw a Dipteryx oleifera tree, which had been struck by strong lightning. It wasn’t badly harmed while the neighboring trees were killed. Scientists thought this tree could handle lightning, but there was no way to be sure. Gora and his team saw more of these trees that grew well after lightning strikes. So, they did a study. They followed 93 trees struck by lightning for 2—6 years. They found that all 9 Dipteryx oleifera trees in the study survived with little harm. But 84 other trees were badly hurt, and 64% of them died within two years. These Dipteryx oleifera trees are very tall and have wide tops, making them 68% more likely to be struck by lightning than other trees. During the study, one of the Dipteryx trees was struck twice in 5 years yet continued to grow well. At present, more studies suggest that these trees attract (吸引) lightning on purpose to destroy other trees and grow better. Scientists are not sure how these trees survive lightning, but they guess it may involve the trees’ ability to carry electricity. They are also interested in other trees with similar characteristics. 1.What is special about the Dipteryx oleifera tree? A. It dies quickly after lightning strikes. B. It takes in nutrients directly from lightning. C. It grows better after being struck by lightning. D. It avoids lightning by hiding under other trees. 2.What does the underlined word “handle” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Mix up. B. Give out. C. Suffer from. D. Deal with. 3.Why do Dipteryx oleifera trees attract lightning? A. To get more water from the sky. B. To kill nearby trees for growth. C. To become shorter and stronger. D. To protect other trees around them. 4.What might scientists do next according to the text? A. Plant more Dipteryx oleifera trees. B. Study how trees attract lightning better. C. Find out where Dipteryx oleifera trees live. D. Look for more trees that can survive lightning. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www zxxk.com 专题03阅读理解（说明文 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-社会 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B 主题语境02人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D 主题语境03人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 【答案】1.B2.B3.A 主题语境04人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.D3.C 1/4 让教与学更高效 +议论文) 函学科网 www.zxxk com 让教与学更高效 主题语境05人与自我-日常活动 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-人际交往 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.A Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B 主题语境02人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.A Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.A3.B Passage 4 【答案】1.C2.D3.C Passage 5 【答案】1.A2.C3.B 主题语境03人与自我-个人情况 【答案】1.B2.D3.B 主题语境04人与自我-健康 【答案】1.C2.D3.A 2/4 函学科网 www.zxxk com 让教与学更高效 主题语境05人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.D3.B Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D 主题语境06人与自我-日常活动 【答案】1.C2.B3.B 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-社会 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D 主题语境02人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 【答案】1.A2.B3.D 主题语境03人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.D 主题语境04人与自我-方法与哲理 314 可学科网 www.zxxk com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.C3.D 主题语境05人与自然-动物与植物 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.D 4/4 专题03 阅读理解（说明文+议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京汇文中学·期中）Have you ever paid attention to your school’s security guards (保安) or dining hall staff? Would you say “good morning” to your school’s cleaners? For high school student Ding Jiacheng, it’s a problem that many students ignore (忽视) the important jobs done by these non-teaching workers. The boy from Hangzhou, together with several other students, worked on a project called “The Invisible (隐身的) are Significant”. They hoped more students would see and respect the “invisible” staff in the school. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition held by Harvard University and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to study social problems. “My team members and I sent questionnaires (问卷) to 158 students,” said Ding. “In one question, 56 percent of the students said they would greet those non-teaching workers, while only 17 percent strongly believe that every student should do so.” The team also observed communications between students and workers. “When most students follow the rules of their teachers, one-third of the students go against the rules of the dormitory attendants (宿舍管理员), ” said Ding. “It shows that students treat non-teaching staff differently from teaching staff.” The main reason, according to Ding, is that students know little about the work done by non-teaching workers. They also have few chances to communicate with them. Therefore, Ding’s team shot videos to show staff working around schools. They also held a basketball match between students and non-teaching staff to increase their communication. “We’ve also made a series of stickers (贴纸), ” said Ding. “We hope these cute images will help young people like the non-teaching staff more.” “The activity helped me understand that we can all make a positive impact (积极影响) through our creative ideas,” Ding said. 1.Why did Ding Jiacheng and his teammates start the project? A. To make more students see and respect non-teaching workers. B. To draw students’ attention to important social problems. C. To help non-teaching staff at his school find other jobs. D. To win a prize at the competition China Thinks Big. 2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. What jobs non-teaching workers do. B. How Ding’s team worked on their project. C. Why many students don’t follow school rules. D. What ways students use to help non-teaching staff. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Students treat non-teaching staff the same as teaching staff. B. High school students care more about the non-teaching staff. C. Students have many chances to get to know non-teaching staff. D. Better communication can help students value the non-teaching staff. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了杭州高中生丁嘉诚和他的团队开展了一个名为“被忽视的人也很重要”的项目，旨在让更多学生看到并尊重学校里的非教学工作人员。文章详细介绍了项目的背景、实施过程以及取得的成效。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The boy from Hangzhou, together with several other students, worked on a project called ‘The Invisible (隐身的) are Significant’. They hoped more students would see and respect the ‘invisible’ staff in the school.”可知，丁嘉诚和他的团队开展这个项目的目的是希望更多学生能看到并尊重学校里的“隐身”工作人员，即非教学工作人员。因此，选项A“为了让更多学生看到并尊重非教学工作人员”是正确的。故选A。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“My team members and I sent questionnaires (问卷) to 158 students...It shows that students treat non-teaching staff differently from teaching staff.”可知，本段主要介绍了丁嘉诚的团队如何开展他们的项目，包括发送问卷、观察学生与工作人员之间的交流等，并得出了学生对待非教学工作人员和教学工作人员的态度不同的结论。因此，本段的主要内容是丁的团队如何开展他们的项目，选项B符合题意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容并结合第四段可知，学生们之所以不尊重非教学工作人员，主要是因为他们对这些工作人员的工作了解甚少，且缺乏与他们交流的机会。因此，更好的沟通可以帮助学生更加珍视非教学工作人员。选项D符合题意。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京汇文中学·期中）Children have very curious minds. They explore new things for no other reason except that they just desire (渴望) to know. But as kids grow, they often start thinking in fixed ways. George Land, a researcher from NASA, studied 1,600 children, testing their creative potential (潜力) and curiosity levels at age 5, 10, and 15. The first time these kids took the test, 98% scored the highest possible score. Five years later, only 30% of them scored well. For the third time—by their high school—only 12% of the kids did well. This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious. Curiosity, it seems, gets unlearned as people age. But why should we care? Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our minds. For example, when given an interesting puzzle (谜题) that doesn’t have a clear answer, your brain becomes very active—it gets ready for learning and becomes more creative in dealing with related tasks. Lit by curiosity, the mind sharpens its focus and gains a fresh point of view. In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to academic (学术的) success. For one thing, it improves memory. A study in Neuron finds that when people are very curious about a fact, they are 30% more likely to remember it. Curiosity also builds patience. A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more willing to wait for the solution to a puzzle, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing opportunities for deeper learning. The benefits of curiosity do not end here. Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they are different from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints. Ready to do more to develop your curiosity? The good news is that low levels of curiosity don’t mean your curiosity is just gone. In fact, you can actively train your curiosity. One effective way is to ask yourself questions and write them down and find the answers later. This simple step of finding gaps in your knowledge naturally inspires more curiosity. We all start out curious. It’s our choice to be curious or not. As physicist Richard Feynman wisely said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” And with the proven benefits, you may be surprised where curiosity leads you. 1.According to the passage, some people stop being curious because ________. A. they develop a more open mindset as they age B. they try to focus on their work rather than the mind C. their knowledge increase weakens their desire to know D. their study interest drops after getting poor scores at school 2.The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. raised B. tested C. explained D. received 3.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. Less curious people often suffer from memory loss. B. High curiosity pushes people to look for quick solutions. C. Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. D. Curiosity allows healthy disagreement within a group. 4.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To prove the possibility of training curiosity. B. To encourage people to restore their curiosity. C. To show how curiosity leads to academic success. D. To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了随着年龄增长人们好奇心减弱的现象，阐述了好奇心对大脑、学习、人际交往等方面的益处，并鼓励人们积极培养好奇心。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious.”可知，乔治·兰德认为，好奇心急剧下降可能是因为他们知识的增加。一旦他们觉得自己所知道的和想知道的之间没有缺口，他们就不再好奇了。由此可知，有些人不再好奇是因为他们知识的增加削弱了他们想要了解的欲望。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段首句“Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our minds.”可知，研究表明，让好奇心被……对我们的大脑非常有益”。结合下文举的例子可知，当给出一个没有明确答案的有趣谜题时，你的大脑会变得非常活跃——它为学习做好准备，在处理相关任务时变得更有创造力。由此可推测，piqued与raised意思相近，意为“激发”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they are different from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints.”可知，更大的好奇心可以让人们更愿意听取他人的意见，即使这些意见与自己的不同。这种开放的态度是富有成效的分歧的关键，有助于避免像群体思维这样的问题，即由于人们不考虑不同的观点而导致决策失误。由此可推断，作者最可能同意好奇心允许群体内进行健康的分歧。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，我们一开始都很好奇。好奇与否是我们的选择。正如物理学家理查德·费曼明智地说：“如果你深入研究，几乎每件事都真的很有趣。”有了这些已被证明的好处，你可能会惊讶于好奇心会带你走向何方。由此可推断，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们恢复好奇心。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京清华附中朝阳分校·期中）Do you know that before 2011, people in China had to stand in long lines at train stations to buy tickets? Sometimes, tickets would be sold out while people were still waiting. But now, people can easily book tickets on their phones and take the train using just their ID cards. What brought about these changes? And who played an important role in them? Let’s read on and find out! As the world’s largest real-time ticketing platform, 12306 serves over 700 million users and handles (处理) more than 50 billion daily visits at the busiest time. The “super brain” behind this platform is Shan Xinghua, the chief (首席的) researcher at China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation. Shan began her career in 1996 when she joined a new team with the task of creating a national ticketing system. Over the years, she has led the system through several key milestones. When the system was first launched in 2011, it faced its biggest challenge during the 2012 Spring Festival travel rush (春运). It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this challenge, Shan told her team, “We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.” Working around the clock, they finally improved the system, allowing it to handle over 1.4 billion daily visits and doubling its daily ticket sales capacity. In 2017, Shan Xinghua and her team started the e-ticket reform (改革) in Hainan. Passengers could enter the station through facial scanning (面部扫描). Shan found the slow speed was the biggest problem with the facial recognition (识别) system. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new facial recognition system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gate in about 1.5 seconds. Shan said, “Technology should serve society and improve people’s lives.” To make travel more convenient, Shan and her team always listen to passengers’ needs. They hope to improve their services and make more people satisfied. 1.What do the underlined numbers “700 million” and “50 billion” in Para. 2 show? A. The 12306 platform saves time for users. B. The 12306 platform covers a large user scale (范围). C. The 12306 platform is a real-time platform. D. The 12306 platform is the most modern one in the world. 2.What did Shan do when the system broke down in 2012? A. She asked other teams for help. B. She limited the number of tickets for sale. C. She waited for the system to work again by itself. D. She worked hard with her team to improve the system. 3.Where can we most probably read this passage? A. In a newspaper. B. In a storybook. C. On a travel website. D. In a computer magazine. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国铁路售票系统从人工排队到数字化平台的变革，以及首席研究员单杏花及其团队在12306平台开发中的关键作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“As the world’s largest real-time ticketing platform, 12306 serves over 700 million users and handles more than 50 billion daily visits at the busiest time.”可知，划线数字旨在说明平台的用户规模庞大。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第4段“Faced with this challenge, Shan told her team, ‘We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.’ Working around the clock, they finally improved the system…”可知，她与团队共同努力解决问题。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。文章内容聚焦技术变革与社会服务，且提及具体人物和事件，符合新闻报道的特征。根据文章首段“Let’s read on and find out!”（让我们继续阅读并探索！）及全文客观叙述风格，最可能出现在报纸中。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京师范大学附属中学·期中）Why “Useless” Science is So Important Imagine a scientist who wins the Nobel Prize. You might picture them in a lab, solving a huge problem like fighting cancer or stopping climate change. But the story behind the 2025 Nobel Prizes, and so many before them, shows a more interesting truth. Often, the most world-changing discoveries begin not with a clear goal, but with a scientist asking a curious question that seems, at the time, totally useless. This kind of exploration is called basic (基础的) research. Unlike designing a new phone or a faster car, basic research isn’t about creating a product. It is simply the brave and wonderful act of trying to understand the world’s deepest secrets—how life works, what matter is made of, and why things are the way they are. The Nobel Prizes celebrated those discoveries. Take the prize in Medicine 2025 for example. One researcher, Shimon Sakaguchi, became curious about a few immune cells (免疫细胞) that didn’t seem to fight germs (细菌). At the time, studying these cells seemed like a waste of time. Yet, this curiosity-driven work finally revealed that these cells, later named regulatory T cells, are actually “peacekeepers” that stop the body from attacking itself after nearly thirty years. That “useless” knowledge later became the key to understanding and treating serious diseases where the body’s immune system (系统) stops working correctly. Today, what started as a simple question is leading to new medicines that help retrain our body’s immune system. It proves that asking a simple “why” about something small can end up protecting millions of people. In another celebrated case, the Chemistry prize 2024 recognized work on designing and predicting (预测) the building blocks of life itself, which also began with questions that seemed impossible forever. For about 50 years, scientists wondered, “Can we design proteins (蛋白质) inside living things? Can a computer guess their 3-D shapes?” Back then, it was just knowledge and tools. They would never know from the very beginning that this long, basic research has provided a chance that allowed recent scientists to use AI to quickly map millions of proteins and create new ones, leading to new medicines and tools to deal with pollution. The powerful lesson from the Nobel stage is clear: you cannot schedule a breakthrough. The next time you find yourself lost in a question that seems to have no point—why the stars shine, how a spider builds its perfect web, or what sound a tree makes—remember that you are thinking like a Nobel winner, for it is in the search of seemingly useless questions that we finally find the tools to build a better future. 1.According to the passage, which of the following is the BEST example of “basic research”? A. A team tested several ways to find a longer-lasting battery for electric cars. B. A scientist studied body shapes of different birds because of his curiosity. C. A company did research to develop new, more comfortable sports shoes. D. Doctors ran tests to see if a new medicine works against heart disease. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. All the immune cells have the job to fight germs to protect the body. B. Shimon Sakaguchi found Regulatory T cells may attack the body itself. C. Scientists today can discover in which way proteins are organized by AI. D. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 was awarded for finding new medicine. 3.The word “revealed” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. uncovered the truth B. invented the story C. seemed to show D. drew the conclusion 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To disagree that scientists should stop working on useful problems. B. To explain the process of creating a certain immune cell and protein. C. To prove that chemistry and medicine are important in modern science. D. To show how curiosity about strange questions can lead to big discoveries. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，通过诺贝尔奖的案例阐述了基础研究（看似“无用”的科学）的重要性，强调好奇心驱动的探索最终可能带来重大突破。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“basic research isn’t about creating a product. It is simply the brave and wonderful act of trying to understand the world’s deepest secrets”和下文Shimon Sakaguchi研究看似无用的免疫细胞的例子可知，基础研究的特点是好奇心驱动且无直接应用目标。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“use AI to quickly map millions of proteins and create new ones”可知，现代科学家已能通过AI解析蛋白质结构。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“this curiosity-driven work finally revealed that these cells…are actually ‘peacekeepers’”可知，这项由好奇心驱动的研究最终揭示，这些细胞实际上是“‘peacekeepers”，“revealed”指通过研究发现真相。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过诺贝尔奖案例（如免疫细胞、蛋白质研究）论证核心观点：看似无用的好奇心能引发重大发现。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·北京大学附属中学·期中）In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty (诚实) and reliability (可靠). Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. ______. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. 1.The underlined words “fair weather friends” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean ______. A. 有钱的朋友 B. 酒肉朋友 C. 信任的朋友 D. 诚实的朋友 2.Which of the following can be put in the blank (空白处) in Para 5? A. A special friend who has money or luck B. A special friend who we can have fun with C. A special friend who always points out each other’s mistakes D. A special friend who can understand each other’s feelings 3.This passage mainly discusses ______. A. the qualities of a friend B. where to choose friends C. how to get along with friends D. the importance of having a friend 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要围绕“择友需谨慎”展开，说明益友能带来帮助与快乐，而“酒肉朋友”会在困境中离开；同时阐述了好朋友应具备的核心品质：理解、诚实、可靠，以及能共同享乐。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away.”可知，“fair weather friends”指的是“只在顺境中相伴、困境时离开的朋友”，对应“酒肉朋友”，故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段空后“We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.”可知，该段围绕“能共同享乐的朋友”展开，因此空白处应填入“能一起玩乐的特别朋友”，故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明择友需谨慎，随后依次阐述了好朋友应具备的品质：理解、诚实、可靠、能共同享乐，核心是“朋友应具备的品质”，故选A。 主题语境04 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京中国人民大学附属中学·期中）Life is always changing—sometimes great, other times worrying and stressful. There are lots of benefits in accepting the unexpected and simple things you can do to make it easier to deal with life changes. There can be lots of new things that happen in your life. Some can be really positive things that you make happen yourself, like joining a club or making a new friend. However, some changes you face could make you feel worried or uncertain. They can be big things like moving schools, a friend going away or family life changing because of parents’ separating. They can be smaller ones like new schedules at home due to parents’ or carers’ working habits or a teacher you don’t know taking over your class. All of these things can bring up some pretty big feelings—and that’s OK. Why can it be hard to deal with? Changes can be difficult because it often brings feelings of uncertainty. Emily Hanlon is a child psychologist (someone who studies how children think, feel and behave) who explains, “Our brains like habits and usual actions. They help us feel safe. When something changes, like starting a new school or moving to a new home, it can feel like entering a new place. It is like going on a surprise adventure with no map. This can make us feel nervous or afraid because we don’t know what will come next.” Changes can also be hard if you don’t feel quite ready for it, or that you are not in control of whatever is happening. Can changes be a good thing? Yes—life would be very boring if everything stayed the same all the time. Trying new things and making changes help you find what you like and dislike. For example, if you didn’t taste that new kind of ice cream, how would you know you love it? It also helps you grow and learn skills. Hanlon says, “While changes can feel frightening, it often brings new adventures, new friends, and new special abilities—well, maybe not great strengths, but surely the abilities to get back confidence and grow stronger.” 1.Which of the following is a small life change? A. A friend going away. B. You moving schools. C. Your parents separating. D. A new teacher taking over your class. 2.According to Emily Hanlon, “a surprise adventure with no map” in Paragraph 3 is used ________. A. to explain why change feels difficult B. to describe the importance of the map C. to compare changes to dangerous adventures D. to suggest ways to avoid changes and keep safe 3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Changes help you avoid new experiences. B. Changes make life full of new adventures. C. Changes make life feel boring and stressful. D. Changes help you feel sure about yourself. 4.What can we learn from the writer’s opinion on changes? A. They should be avoided at all costs. B. They should be accepted with some skills. C. They are challenging but they can improve your abilities. D. They can help us fight against uncertainty. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，探讨了生活中变化的普遍性、人们面对变化时可能产生的复杂情绪，以及如何以积极态度应对变化。文章通过心理学家Emily Hanlon的观点，解释了为何变化会让人感到不安，同时也强调了变化带来的成长机会和积极意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They can be smaller ones like new schedules at home due to parents’ or carers’ working habits or a teacher you don’t know taking over your class.”可知，像不认识的老师接管你的班级这样的事情属于较小的生活变化。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Changes can be difficult because it often brings feelings of uncertainty. Emily Hanlon...explains, ‘Our brains like habits and usual actions. They help us feel safe. When something changes...It is like going on a surprise adventure with no map. This can make us feel nervous or afraid because we don’t know what will come next.’”可知，Emily Hanlon用“没有地图的惊喜冒险”是为了解释为什么变化会让人感觉困难，因为变化会带来不确定性，就像没有地图的冒险，不知道接下来会发生什么，会让人紧张或害怕。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。最后一段开头提出“Can changes be a good thing? Yes”，接着阐述了变化的好处，如尝试新事物和做出改变能帮助你发现自己喜欢和不喜欢的东西，还能帮助你成长和学习技能等，强调变化让生活充满新的冒险。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章既提到了变化可能会让人感觉困难，如带来不确定性等，但也强调了变化能带来新的冒险、朋友和特殊能力，帮助成长等积极方面。A选项“应该不惜一切代价避免变化”不符合文意；B选项“应该用一些技巧接受变化”，文章主要强调的不是技巧；D选项“它们可以帮助我们对抗不确定性”不全面。C选项“它们具有挑战性但能提高你的能力”符合文章对变化的描述。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京清华附中朝阳分校·期中）You might think that you don’t have time to sit down and create something every day. This is when it is important to know the difference between using creativity and actually creating something. In a lot of ways, creativity is all about how you see things. You can use creativity to write poems, but you can also use it in practical ways like coming up with a solution for a project or organizing things in your home. The next time you think you are not creative, take a step back and take a look at what you do in your daily life. You might be surprised at how often you are using creativity. As children, we are highly creative and imaginative. We often act on our impulses (冲动): speaking our thoughts out loud as they come into our heads, and letting our imaginations inform many of our actions. But as we grow older, we are taught to control these impulses. This is generally a good thing—a world without impulse control would be a place without order. After we say “no” to our impulses, it can be difficult to start following them again in a creative sense. One way to make your inhibition (抑制) less is through free writing. When you do free writing, you write continuously for a period of time without worrying about the topic or being “correct”. It is also important to remind yourself that there is no perfection. If you try to find the “right way” to do something, you limit your creative potential (潜质). When you get a creative impulse, don’t push it away or say “no”. Try saying “yes, and…” instead. This encourages you not only to accept an idea but also to develop it. The “yes, and…” mindset allows you to take impulses, and give them consideration and room to grow. Creativity plays an important role in our daily lives. Following your creative impulses can potentially help improve things like your performance and your ability. It is easy to get used to worrying that your ideas are not good enough or that people won’t like them. But if you are able to trust and follow your impulses, it can help you to overcome those barriers (障碍). 1.According to the passage, we are using creativity when we ________. A. copy down a famous poem B. receive our friends’ letters C. set up a reading area at home D. follow others’ advice without thinking 2.What does the word “inform” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Pay close attention to. B. Have an influence on. C. Make preparation for. D. Show some interest in. 3.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A. The “yes, and…” mindset is needed to develop a new idea. B. We need to learn more about how to control our impulses. C. Free writing can be used to help us focus on the writing topic. D. We should keep reminding ourselves of the right way to do things. 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To prove the importance of becoming creative. B. To encourage us to spend more time creating special things. C. To give advice on discovering our unused creativity. D. To compare using creativity and actually creating something. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了创造力在日常生活中的体现，以及如何重新发掘和运用自身的创造力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You might use creativity to write poems, but you can also use it in practical ways like coming up with a solution for a project or organizing things in your home”可知，在家布置阅读区属于运用创造力的实用方式。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“we are highly creative and imaginative. We often act on our impulses... letting our imaginations inform many of our actions”可知，此处指想象力会“影响”我们的行为，inform意为“对……有影响”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The ‘yes, and...’ mindset allows you to take impulses, and give them consideration and room to grow”可知，作者认为“yes, and…”的思维模式有助于发展新想法。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章中“One way to make your inhibition less is through free writing”“Try saying ‘yes, and…’ instead”等内容，以及全文围绕发掘、运用创造力展开的表述可知，作者的主要目的是给出发掘未被利用的创造力的建议。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·北京第一七一中学·期中）Do you have a fear (恐惧) of public speaking? Do you ever get nervous when speaking in front of a group of people? I remember I used to be deathly afraid of public speaking. My legs would get weak as I made my way in front of the audience. My mouth would tremble (发抖) as I would begin to say the first few words. I would avoid eye contact (避免眼神接触) unless I find someone with a smiling face, there is a way to overcome a fear of public speaking. Understand the cause of the fear Find out why it’s a fear in the first place. The main reason is the fear of being embarrassed (窘迫的). Most of you are afraid of being laughed at, doing anything foolish or having the audience judge (判断) you. When there are other people who might judge you or think badly of you, this causes you to get nervous. Change your mindset (心态) Try not to think about yourself and what the audience might think of you. Instead, think about the audience and how you can best deliver (传递) your message across. Then, you will be able to get over this fear. Practice It’s best to practice in front of a supporting (支持的) group of people. This will not only make public speaking easier but also help you gain confidence. The more you practice it, the easier it will get. The way I was able to get over my fear of speaking came in two periods (时期). The first period was in high school. I entered the speech class, and all I wanted was to get passed. I didn’t care about winning. Even when I forgot what to say, I didn’t get nervous. The next period was during my job as a trainer. My job was to motivate (激励) people. So gradually, my focus went from thinking about myself to not caring about that, and finally to thinking about my audience. In the two periods, my mindset changed from the mindset of fear to the mindset of power. So overcoming a fear of public speaking comes down to having the right mindset and practice. 1.What can we learn about the writer from the passage? A. He used to have a fear of public speaking. B. He now works as a trainer in high school. C. He still finds it hard to make a public speech. D. He got over his fear of speaking with his parents’ help. 2.Which of the following could be helpful to overcome a fear of public speaking? A. Try to think about how to avoid eye contact. B. Find out why the audience laugh at you or judge you. C. Think more about yourself when you make a public speech. D. Remember to practice in front of a group of supporting people. 3.The writer wants to tell us _______. A. how harmful a fear of public speaking is B. what causes a fear of public speaking C. how to overcome a fear of public speaking D. why we should overcome a fear of public speaking 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过作者自己的经历，强调了克服公开演讲恐惧的关键在于正确的心态和不断的练习。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“I remember I used to be deathly afraid of public speaking.”可知，作者过去害怕公开演讲。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It’s best to practice in front of a supporting (支持的) group of people. This will not only make public speaking easier but also help you gain confidence.”可知，在支持你的人面前练习，能帮助你克服公开演讲的恐惧。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过讲述自己的经历，告诉我们如何克服公开演讲的恐惧。故选C。 主题语境05 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）You and your family may have many plans to get together. It’s a great time to share stories and family history while enjoying each other’s company (陪伴). Give one of these activities a try at your family get-together. You may have lots of fun. Family Tree Wall Create a big family tree to show on a wall. You can write all your family members on it, including those from earlier generations (一代代). Seeing all the names together helps everyone feel connected and understand their family roots (根) better. The family tree wall can give more information about your family. Family Cookbook Collect some favorite family recipes (菜谱)—from your own family or from your uncle or aunt. Ask everyone to share the food they love making. You can add some information like a photo of the family member or the dishes. The recipes can be a wonderful family cookbook. Memory Storytime It is a rare chance to hear interesting and funny stories about your family. As you don’t get this chance often, invite someone to make the story-telling a video. It’s a good way to keep memories (记忆). Trip to the Past You and your family can plan a trip to the old family house. You can take this chance to share family memories. This is a special activity when many members are from out-of-town, as it helps them feel closer to their family roots and understand where they come from. 1.Which activity can give more information of a family according to the writer? A. Family Tree Wall. B. Trip to the Past. C. Family cookbook. D. Memory Storytime. 2.Which of the following is true about the family activities? A. It’s good to write a book about the storytime. B. It’s nice to make a family cookbook with photos. C. Old family houses are better for members in town. D. Family Tree Wall is hard to tell your family history. 3.What does the underlined word “rare” probably mean? A. Boring. B. Crazy. C. Unusual. D. Natural. 4.Which could be the best title of the passage? A. Long History Memories to Keep B. Fun Family History Activities to Try C. Why to Have Family History Activities D. When to Have Family History Activities 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了家庭聚会时可尝试的有趣家庭历史活动，如家庭树墙、家庭食谱等，帮助家人了解家族历史、增进联系。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Family Tree Wall...The family tree wall can give more information about your family.”可知，家庭树墙能提供更多家庭信息，故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Family Cookbook...You can add some information like a photo of the family member or the dishes.”可知，制作带照片的家庭食谱是不错的，故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“As you don’t get this chance often”可知，“rare”意为“不常见的”，和“Unusual”同义，故选C。 (4)题解析： 最佳标题题。根据“Give one of these activities a try at your family get-together. You may have lots of fun”及下文介绍的四种家庭活动可知，文章主要推荐了适合家庭聚会的趣味家族历史相关活动，选项B最合适，故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-人际交往 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京师范大学附属中学·期中）There are several kinds of distances (距离) people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate (亲密的), personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family. Personal distance might be the distance when people talk at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors or leaders before a large group. Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themselves from others. Since the study of distance effects is a new science, there aren’t many conclusions about the meaning of space dividing people. But you can make some general findings on your own. Take notes about how you use space in different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does distance give you a feeling that you are being paid no attention to? When do you feel crowded? Standing in a line at a shop counter (柜台), you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t step into each other’s area. If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.” School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own area. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do you feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it is yours. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask that person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you truly. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect others’ areas. Stepping into other people’s space might mean trouble. 1.What may happen if you stand too close to a stranger in a shop line? A. He will give you a gift. B. He may feel angry or nervous. C. He will ask you for help. D. He will move closer to you. 2.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Scientists are studying why there are different kinds of distances. B. You must protect your area from others’ stepping into it. C. Distance can tell the different relationships between people. D. Stepping out of the personal space matters a lot for friends. 3.What’s the best title of the passage? A. Space does speak truly B. How interesting distance is C. Distance can be everywhere D. One should own his space 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文探讨了距离在人际交往中的作用及其科学意义，强调了尊重他人空间的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, ‘Please step back. I’m too crowded.’”可知，如果你站得离商店排队的陌生人太近，那个人可能会感到紧张或生气，或者会直接让你往后退。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you truly. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect others’ areas.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了不同距离所代表的不同关系，空间可以真实地反映人与人之间的关系。故选C。 (3)题解析： 最佳标题题。根据“Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you truly.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了空间在人与人关系中的重要作用，空间可以真实地反映人与人之间的关系。因此，最合适的标题是“Space does speak truly（空间确实能真实地表达）”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）Living and dealing with kids can be a difficult job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even more difficult. If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let the other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything. Communication begins with the concerns（关心）of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and take no notice to anyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing. If you look up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it will say “expressing ideas and feelings or giving people information: a letter or a message”. To keep a good relationship with your parents, you must keep communication strong. Let them know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note. When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, and ask them politely to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the situation worse. Here is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let it go. Communication is the key here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, telling the other person how you feel—listening is the key to communication. 1.What can we learn from the passage? ________ A. Writing a letter is the first step of communication. B. Keeping silent is a good way for you to solve problems. C. Asking your parents for help is the best way to communicate. D. Communication helps us build a good relationship with our parents. 2.The underlined words “drift apart” in Paragraph 1 mean ________. A. are different from others B. get close to each other C. keep away from others D. become interested in new ideas 3.Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________. A. how you get along well with your parents B. when you start to communicate with your parents C. what good parents should do to deal with problems D. why you should make your parents feel good 4.The writer uses Sophie’s example to show that ________. A. playing outside late is dangerous B. communication is the key to problem-solving C. Sophie should be polite to her parents D. Sophie’s parents should listen to her explanation 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文谈论的是人际关系，介绍了交流沟通的好处、如何与人交流，以苏菲为例强调了双向沟通的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“To keep a good relationship with your parents, you must keep communication strong.”可知，为了和父母保持良好的关系，你必须保持良好的沟通。说明沟通帮助我们与父母建立良好的关系。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart.”可知，如果你不能沟通，你们就会渐行渐远。说明划线单词drift apart意为“远离他人”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“To keep a good relationship with your parents, you must keep communication strong.”可知第二段主要讲述了你如何和你的父母相处。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Communication is the key here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways.”可知，沟通是关键。如果苏菲的父母不愿意听，苏菲就会有很多麻烦。沟通不是单向的：它是双向的。由此可知作者用苏菲的例子来说明沟通是解决问题的关键。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）Many people think it’s important and good for health to wash the food before cooking it. However, for some food like eggs, washing can do more harm (坏处) than good. People like to wash the shell (壳) before they cook the egg. They want to make sure the egg is clean and there are no germs (细菌) on it. But they don’t need to do this, because factories will do the cleaning work when they sell the eggs. There is a coating on the shell of the egg. With the coating, germs can not get into the egg easily. When factories do the cleaning work, they wash away the coating and put a kind of special thing on the egg shell. It is there to keep germs from coming into the egg. “Of course there’re germs on the egg, but by washing it, you make it worse (更糟糕的). The egg shell is porous (可渗透的). The water can get germs into the egg when you wash it,” says health scientist Amy Leigh Mercree. “And this can happen more easily when you use cold water or running water.” “So don’t wash eggs—save yourself some time and keep the germs where they are,” Mercree says. 1.According to the passage, washing eggs before cooking them is ________. A. difficult B. healthy C. bad D. important 2.What do factories do with eggs? A. They use a special thing to keep germs from coming into the egg. B. They wash eggs with a special kind of water. C. They spend a lot of time washing eggs. D. They get all the germs out of the eggs. 3.What does the passage want to tell us? A. How to cook eggs well. B. Why we buy eggs from factories. C. How to get germs away from eggs. D. Why we don’t need to wash eggs before cooking them. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文讲述了许多人认为在烹饪前清洗食物对健康有益，但对于鸡蛋等食物，清洗可能弊大于利，并介绍了原因。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Of course there’re germs on the egg, but by washing it, you make it worse (更糟糕的).”可知，洗鸡蛋会让情况变得更糟糕，因此洗鸡蛋是不好的。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When factories do the cleaning work, they wash away the coating and put a kind of special thing on the egg shell. It is there to keep germs from coming into the egg.”可知，工厂会在蛋壳上涂上一种特殊的东西，以防止细菌进入鸡蛋。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“So don’t wash eggs—save yourself some time and keep the germs where they are”可知，文章想告诉我们为什么在烹饪鸡蛋之前不需要洗鸡蛋。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京第八中学·期中）Should People Become Cyborgs? In the marvel comics and movies, millionaire Tony Stark wears a red and gold suit and becomes Iron Man. The suit provides superhuman strength, protection against most attacks, the power of flight, and much more. Iron Man is just a story. But robotic suits are not. Engineers call them exoskeletons (外骨骼). They don’t look as cool as Tony Stark’s Iron Man suits. They typically look like a backpack. But they have changed the lives of many people with injuries or illnesses that affect movement. A disease had paralyzed (使瘫痪) Stacey Kozel and she could not walk anymore. But in 2016, she used an exoskeleton to go hiking. Also, people who do tiring or repetitive jobs, like moving heavy boxes in a warehouse, sometimes use exoskeletons to lessen the load (减轻负荷). You can probably think of a time when you wished you could lift more, jump higher, or run faster. Today’s exoskeletons are expensive. They need to be charged (充电) regularly and can usually help people to do only one type of movement (for example, lifting or walking). But in the future, things might be different. Brendan Quinlivan works on exoskeletons at Harvard University. He says that five years in the future, a hard exoskeleton could really help you. He says it might allow you to flip over a car or pick up a big tree trunk. You could become a lot like Iron Man. That would be cool. But some people worry that the technology could divide humanity. In 2008, new swimsuits helped swimmers go faster than ever before. But swimmers couldn’t compete fairly without the latest suit technology. So the International Swimming Federation banned (禁用) the suits. People who can afford exoskeletons will be stronger and faster than those who cannot. They’d be able to work faster and achieve more than those without suits. We could end up with two classes of humanity: the super humans and everybody else. That wouldn’t be fair. But life already isn’t fair. Plenty of people have advantages over others thanks to their wealth, health, or strength. Right now, exoskeletons are helping to even the playing field for people with disabilities. That’s a great thing. Also, people could use their unfair advantage to help or protect others. For example, rescue workers could move heavy debris (碎片). What do you think? If we ever have Iron Man suits, will they harm or benefit humanity? What would you use an Iron Man suit for? 1.According to the passage, what we can learn? A. Exoskeletons push labor workers to move heavy items. B. The idea of creating exoskeletons comes from Iron Man. C. Exoskeletons can help disabled people to stand and walk. D. The price of future exoskeletons is likely to be even higher. 2.The writer mentions “swimsuits” to show that ________. A. every swimmer needs such suits to compete fairly B. the new technology could help swimmers go faster C. the new technology could make the competition unfair D. banning the high-tech swimsuits is a right decision to make 3.What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A. To tell us the benefits and problems of using exoskeletons. B. To show us the various forms of unfairness that exist in the society. C. To predict what the future technology will be like in daily life and work. D. To encourage us to use different types of exoskeletons more often in practice. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文讨论了外骨骼技术（类似钢铁侠装备）的利弊，包括其对残障人士和劳工的帮助，以及可能带来的社会公平问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“a disease had paralyzed Stacey Kozel and she could not walk anymore. But in 2016, she used an exoskeleton to go hiking”可知，外骨骼可帮助残障人士站立行走。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“swimmers couldn’t compete fairly without the latest suit technology”可知，作者提及泳衣是为了说明新技术可能导致竞争不公平。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章既介绍了外骨骼的好处，也分析了其可能带来的问题，目的是说明外骨骼的利弊。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·北京第八十中学·期中） Do you know some great inventors and their inventions? What factors (因素) are needed for their success? Well, good timing for a start. You can have a great idea which the public simply doesn’t want… yet. The Italian Giovanni Caselli invented the first fax (传真) machine in the 1860s. Although the quality is excellent, his invention quickly died a commercial (商业的) death. It was not until the 1980s that the fax became very common in every office… too late for Giovanni Caselli. Money also helps. The Frenchman Denis Papin (1647-1712) had the idea for a steam engine (蒸汽机) almost a hundred years before the better-remembered Scotsman James Watt was even born… but he never had enough money to build one. You also need to be patient (it took scientists nearly eighty years to develop a light bulb which actually worked), but not too patient. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray, a professional inventor from Chicago, developed plans for a telephone. Gray saw it as no more than “a beautiful toy”. However, when he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office (专利局) in February, 1876, it was too late. Almost the same invention had arrived two hours earlier… and the young man who sent it, Alexander Graham Bell, will always be remembered as the inventor of the telephone. Of course what you really need is a great idea, but if you haven’t got one, a walk in the country and a careful look at nature can help. The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (魔术贴) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the country. During a similar walk in the French countryside some 250 years earlier, Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur had the idea that paper could be made from wood when he found an abandoned (废弃的) wasps’ nest (蜂巢). You also need good commercial sense. Willy Higinbotham was a scientist doing nuclear (核能的) research in the Brookhaven National Laboratory (实验室) in Upton, USA. In 1958 the public were invited to an exhibition in the Laboratory to see their work, but both parents and children were more interested in a tiny 120 cm screen with a white dot which could be hit back and forth over a “net” using a button (按钮) and a knob (旋钮). Soon hundreds of people were ignoring (忽视) the other exhibits to play the first ever computer game made from a simple laboratory instrument called an “oscilloscope” Higinbotham, however, never made money from his invention, he thought people were only interested in the game because the other exhibits were so boring! 1.Why did the writer use the example of Giovanni Caselli? A. To show how fax machines became common in the 1980s. B. To explain how the quality of an invention can be improved. C. To argue that commercial success is the only goal for inventors. D. To prove that good timing is important for an invention’s success. 2.What can you learn from the passage? A. Elisha Gray missed the chance to be the inventor of the telephone. B. George de Mestral got the idea from a walk in a French countryside. C. Denis Papin succeeded in building a steam engine a hundred years ago. D. Willy Higinbotham made money from his invention of the first computer game. 3.What is the best title for the passage? A. How to get a great idea from nature. B. How to be a successful inventor. C. How to have good commercial sense. D. How to make money from inventions. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，围绕成功发明所需的关键因素，结合多位发明家的案例，介绍了好时机、资金、耐心、创意、商业嗅觉等要素的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Well, good timing for a start. You can have a great idea which the public simply doesn’t want… yet. The Italian Giovanni Caselli invented the first fax machine in the 1860s.”可知，作者用乔瓦尼·卡塞利的例子是为了证明好的时机对发明成功很重要。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“In the 1870s, Elisha Gray, a professional inventor from Chicago, developed plans for a telephone… when he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office in February, 1876, it was too late.”可知，伊莱沙·格雷错失了成为电话发明者的机会。故选A。 (3)题解析： 最佳标题题。根据“Do you know some great inventors and their inventions? What factors are needed for their success?”及全文围绕发明成功所需因素展开可知，文章主要讲述如何成为一名成功的发明家。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26八上·北京中国人民大学附属中学·期中）Although AI can bring people comfort, it still cannot match the full abilities of a human doctor. From social relationships to work challenges, Chinese people are turning to DeepSeek to solve different personal problems. They describe sharing their thoughts and receiving helpful advice from the popular chatbot. AI is changing the way people find mental health support. But can AI truly take the place of a human doctor? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental treatment in 2024 did not receive it, with difficulties including cost and a shortage of doctors, according to Daniel Lowd, a professor at the University of Oregon. He believes AI could help solve the shortage of mental health services. “If people can find some support and opinions by talking to a chatbot, then I think that’s wonderful,” said Lowd. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’s needs for mental support in some ways. However, he pointed out that AI cannot completely take the place of real doctors because it doesn’t have the human side which is important for treatment. Human doctors develop a deeper understanding of people’s feelings and needs through communication, which allows them to offer more practical treatment plans. The use of AI in mental health also raises worries over its reliability (可靠性). “AI chatbots will act as doctors if asked, without any of the training or responsibility of human doctors,” said Richard Lachman, a professor in Canada. Scientists believe the key to making AI mental treatment safe is proper government control. Wysa, for example, is a mental health app that provides users with conversations through an AI chatbot. In 2022, it worked with the UK’s National Health Service, following a list of strict standards. As AI becomes more a part of our lives, understanding its effects on human mental health means finding a balance between what’s helpful and what’s dangerous. 1.Why can’t AI fully replace human doctors according to Li Yong? A. AI performs badly in treatment. B. AI treatment has the human side. C. AI can’t understand feelings deeply. D. AI can’t meet people’s needs for physical support. 2.Which of the following is TRUE about AI mental treatment? A. It can totally function as human doctors. B. Wysa’s users must meet a list of strict standards. C. There’s no need to doubt or worry about its effects D. Government rules are necessary to ensure its safety. 3.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. AI can hardly be used to solve the health problems in daily life. B. AI cares for people’s mental health in a well-organized way. C. AI helps mental treatment but should be properly controlled. D. AI takes responsibility for its patients just like human doctors do. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了人工智能在心理健康支持方面的应用，肯定了其解决医疗资源短缺的潜力，但也强调了其局限性，特别是在情感理解和可靠性方面，并指出政府监管对于确保其安全使用的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, he pointed out that AI cannot completely take the place of real doctors because it doesn’t have the human side...allows them to offer more practical treatment plans.”可知，李勇医生指出人工智能不能完全取代真正的医生，因为它没有人性的一面，而这对于治疗很重要。人类医生通过沟通对人们的感受和需求有更深入的理解。因此，人工智能不能完全取代人类医生是因为它无法深入理解情感。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Scientists believe the key to making AI mental treatment safe is proper government control.”可知，科学家认为确保人工智能心理治疗安全的关键是适当的政府监管。这直接支持了“Government rules are necessary to ensure its safety.”这个选项。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。全文围绕AI在心理健康领域的辅助作用 (如解决医生短缺问题) 和局限性 (缺乏人类情感、需政府监管) 展开。选项C“AI有助于心理治疗但需合理控制”全面概括了这一核心。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26八上·北京陈经纶中学·期中）Hundreds of little robots are walking around colleges and cities in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. The robots, about 50 centimeters（厘米）tall, are bringing food like pizza to students. Starship Technology Company has made more than 1,000 robots, but in 2019 they only made 250. Hundreds more will be sent out soon. “The demand（需求）for robots is increasing fast,” said Alastair Westgarth. He is the head of the company and their robots are delivering food at 20 U.S. colleges and 25 more schools will use robots soon. The robots use cameras, sensors（传感器）and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Computer scientists keep watch on the robots when they deliver food. When a robot arrives, people enter（输入）a code（密码）from their phones to open the robot and get their food. There are some limitations（局限性）for robots now. The robots have to be recharged regularly（经常充电）. They are slow and cannot travel far. They will not leave food at the door. Ji Hye Kim is the chef of Miss Kim restaurant. She used robot delivery when her dining room was closed last year. Kim prefers robots. She says delivery companies cost more and sometimes they cancel（取消）orders if they do not have enough drivers. Delivery companies also group several orders per trip, so food sometimes arrives cold. Robots take just one order at a time. Kim said the robots also excited people who often shared videos of their interactions（互动）with robots. Denis’ company is testing a new type of robots. The robots are about 1.8 meters tall and can travel at a top speed of 40 kilometers on streets, not sidewalks. He says as the technology gets more popular, the costs will go down. 1.What do the robots do in the colleges in the United States? ________ A. They bring food to students in colleges. B. They send emails to students in colleges. C. They deliver newspapers to students. D. They take photos for students. 2.Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A. when people make the delivery robots B. what kind of food robots deliver to people C. how robots deliver food to people D. why people keep watch on the robots 3.Why does Kim prefer robots to delivery companies? ________ A. Because robots can help heat the food for customers. B. Because robots can take one order per trip and never cancel orders. C. Because delivery companies raise the price when they group the orders. D. Because delivery companies only share videos with important customers. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了送餐机器人在几个国家的使用情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The robots, about 50 centimeters（厘米）tall, are bringing food like pizza to students.”可知，机器人在美国的大学里给学生们运送食物。故选A。 (2)题解析： 段落大意题。根据“The robots use cameras, sensors（传感器）and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Computer scientists keep watch on the robots when they deliver food. When a robot arrives, people enter（输入）a code（密码）from their phones to open the robot and get their food.（机器人使用摄像头和传感器和GPS, 以每小时8公里的速度自行移动, 甚至横穿街道。当机器人运送食物时, 计算机科学家一直在监视他们。当机器人到达时, 人们输入密码从他们的手机上打开机器人并获取食物。）”可知，第3段主要是关于机器人如何给人送食物的。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“She says delivery companies cost more and sometimes they cancel orders if they do not have enough drivers. Delivery companies also group several orders per trip, so food sometimes arrives cold. Robots take just one order at a time.（她说，快递公司的成本更高，有时如果没有足够的司机他们会取消订单，食物送到时会变凉，机器人一次只接受一个订单。）”可知，Kim更喜欢机器人是因为机器人每次接受一个订单，而且从不取消订单。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自我-个人情况 （25-26八上·北京丰台第十二中学·期中）Self-control is a skill that children need to succeed in school, socially and emotionally. The development of self-control begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. As babies, we have little or no control over our behaviors and emotions, but as we get older, with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain from hitting another child. These abilities continue to develop in our childhood and then youthhood. Also, it is clear that being impulsive (易冲动的) can have bad effects on children, causing interpersonal problems, poor physical health, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, by learning self-control, children can make right decisions and respond to situations in positive ways. One of the effective strategies, when helping children develop self-control abilities, is to select developmentally proper tasks. Try setting up simple goals first, where success is expected, before moving onto the next goal. For preschoolers, goals might include not interrupting or not fighting on the playground. For early elementary school students, right goals might be following bedtime rules. However, it’s not enough to set up simple goals, because for children of the same age, there are still some differences in the development of self-control abilities. Some general strategies often help them learn right self-control behaviors. Take a break Encourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry. Stepping away from an upsetting situation can help a child calm down. Teach and provide attention Paying attention is a skill that can be taught. Encourage children to resist interrupting by learning to observe others without talking, so they can join in easily. Make sure to provide children with attention at times so they don’t feel ignored and therefore are unlikely to interrupt. Use proper rewards In order to develop positive behaviors, children need frequently positive feedback. Praise and consistent feedback can be highly rewarding for young children. It is important to let a child know what a desired behavior is. Use activities designed to teach self-regulation (自我调节) Using specific activities can help teach young children skills that improve self-control. Some of these skills include dealing with “wanting something I can’t have”, understanding feelings, and controlling anger. 1.The underlined word “restrain” in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A. encourage B. stop C. forget D. practice 2.What can teachers do when students are unhappy? A. Teach and provide attention. B. Give rewards and suggestions. C. Teach skills to regulate themselves. D. Encourage them to take a break. 3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Time Waits for No Man—The Development of Self-Control B. Have Power over Your Mind—Tips on Developing Self-Control C. Prevention Is Better than Cure—Rules of Self-Control Behaviors D. Think Twice Before You Act—The Importance of Self-Control Skills 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了自控力对儿童发展的重要性以及如何帮助儿童培养自控力的策略。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain from hitting another child”可知，在家长或看护人的帮助下，我们学会轮流、课堂专注、坚持任务，以及制止打其他孩子的行为，“restrain”在此处意为“制止、阻止”，与“stop”含义相近。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Encourage children to take a break or ‘time in’ whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry” 可知，当学生感到沮丧、烦恼或生气时，老师可以鼓励他们休息一下。故选D。 (3)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了自控力对儿童发展的重要性以及如何帮助儿童培养自控力的策略，B项符合。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自我-健康 （25-26八上·北京顺义仁和中学·期中）Think about how much time you spent outside last week, really “outside”. Walking from the car into the shop doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet, playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, you spent more time inside walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago. That’s according to a study from the University of Michigan. Non-moving activities are more popular now. Besides, the costs are overweight, greater stress, less joy and so on. Play is important, even for adults. Just getting outdoors to play will bring you surprising results. Here are three reasons. Outdoor activities better your senses (感觉官能). Next time you sit down to message your friends, take notes of your senses during and after your texting. Then you do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring and fishing help hone all of your senses.” Says Betsy Keller. She does research on exercise and sports sciences. “Smell, hearing...all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” _______________________________________________ Are you stressed out? Too much indoor time—away from the natural world—is a reason of being much too nervous. Nervousness is a price we pay for being so far away from nature. However, playing outdoors does good to both body and mind. Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air and search for cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected (相连的) to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your door or in a nearby park. Therefore, next time you sit down to spend time on a video game, think about going outdoors to play 1.How does the writer first introduce the topic? A. By showing readers the results of a study. B. By introducing different kinds of outdoor play. C. By asking readers to think about their own time spending. D. By telling readers playing outdoors is good for body and mind. 2.Which word is the closest to the meaning of “hone” in Paragraph 5? A. stop B. change C. show D. improve 3.Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 6? A. Playing outdoors frees you from worries. B. Nature can take away all your bad feelings. C. Nature is the best place for your body health. D. Playing outdoors helps build better relationships. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，指出如今人们室内活动时间远超户外，且儿童每周户外运动时间较20年前减少，还伴随超重、压力大等问题，随后从改善感觉官能、缓解压力、亲近自然三个方面，说明户外运动的益处，呼吁人们多参与户外玩耍。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。文章开头通过提问，让读者思考自己上周的户外时间和室内时间，以此引出话题。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Hiking, exploring and fishing help hone all of your senses.”及后文“all of your senses are in use when you’re outside”可知，户外运动能让所有感官都得到运用，进而起到“提升”感官的作用，“hone”意为“提升、磨练”。故选D。 (3)题解析： 最佳标题题。第六段围绕“压力大”展开，提到长时间待在室内远离自然是紧张的原因，而户外运动对身心有益，核心是“户外运动能让人摆脱忧虑”。故选A。 主题语境05 人与自我-方法与哲理 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京顺义仁和中学·期中）It is natural to compare ourselves with others and to end up in a mental comparison circle. However, this is never good. You may have heard the words, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” To me, this is true. I find it is quite difficult to compare myself with others and feel joy at the same time. Comparison not only takes away our joy, but also leads to self-criticism (自我批评) and a lack (缺乏) of self-acceptance. Usually, comparison makes us think that others are better than us in some way. As a result, we may feel bad. “I am not as successful or attractive as they are. Why don’t I have what they have?” We use comparison as a way to self-criticism, “What’s wrong with me? I must be a loser.” This slows down self-acceptance. Comparison is deceptive (误导人的). It seems to tell us that if we meet the expectations such as losing weight or getting a great score, we will feel better, confident and stop comparing ourselves. However, this may be true only for a short time. In fact, a comparison is based on our inner thoughts, not surroundings (周围环境). Soon we will find something else to compare, another expectation we are not meeting, leaving us feeling worse once again. A student might celebrate being chosen for the school play, but then compare the importance of their role to that of the lead actor, resulting in bad feelings and getting stuck into another circle of comparison. To stop comparing ourselves with others, we should know that comparison is a losing game and then step away from it. Comparison should not be the reason we decide to change. Instead, we try to change because of our own values. Think about your values and match your behaviors and decisions with your values. This does not mean we ignore things that we may want to change. It means these changes and goals are based on values, not comparison with others. Behaviors and decisions are a matter of personal choice, not a way to keep up with others. Self-acceptance isn’t about fixing anything about yourself, it is about accepting who you are today. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The results of comparison. B. The joy of comparison. C. The importance of comparison. D. The reasons for comparison. 2.In Paragraph 3, the writer suggests that comparison is deceptive because ________. A. it is always based on our surroundings B. it can only offer us short-term happiness C. it always comes from false information D. it stops us from making personal choices 3.The writer probably agrees that ________. A. we can improve ourselves by setting up higher goals B. we can turn a deaf ear to things we need to change C. we should focus on our own values and self-acceptance D. we will stop comparison as soon as we achieve our goals 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，探讨了与人比较的负面影响，指出比较会夺走快乐、引发自我批评并阻碍自我接纳，且具有误导性，同时提出停止比较的方法——基于自身价值观做选择，接纳当下的自己。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。第二段开头点明“比较不仅会夺走我们的快乐，还会导致自我批评和缺乏自我接纳”，后续围绕这一核心，阐述了比较带来的具体不良结果。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“this may be true only for a short time. In fact, a comparison is based on our inner thoughts, not surroundings. Soon we will find something else to compare”可知，比较的误导性在于它只能带来短暂的满足感，不久后人们会陷入新的比较循环。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“we try to change because of our own values”“Self-acceptance isn’t about fixing anything about yourself, it is about accepting who you are today”可知，作者认为人们应关注自身价值观，做到自我接纳。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京海淀·期中）Micro-habits are small habits which require the smallest motivation (动机) or effort to complete. The idea is that micro-habit will slowly build on top of itself and result in something great over time. My middle school gym teacher introduced me to micro-habit in the form of weight lifting. He said, “Imagine weightlifting as stacking up (堆积) pieces of paper. Every day you lift weights, just pretend (假装) like you’re adding a piece of paper to a pile. On the first day, you start with one single piece of paper. After a month of weight lifting, you could have as many as 30 sheets of paper stacked up. After several years of keeping up with weight lifting, you are going to have a serious pile of paper!” The idea has stuck with me ever since, and I have tried to develop a number of micro-habits. These micro-habits have shaped the way I live and have helped me do things I wouldn’t have been able to do otherwise. The first habit I started with was reading. I have never been a big reader but decided I wanted to start reading more to learn new things. At first, I began reading one page a night before bed. Just one page, that’s it! Anyone can read a single page of a book. No matter what. I would read before bed every single night. What I found was reading the page of the book wasn’t what was important, but rather forming the habit. It’s nearly impossible to make an excuse not to take a minute to read a page of a book. Thus, the habit begins to form. Sometimes it is a struggle, but remember—it’s only one page. Finally, by adding only five minutes at a time, I am able to increase the total amount of reading from five minutes to forty-five minutes per night. The beauty of micro-habits is that they’re so simple, you can’t say no to them or make any excuse not to follow through with them. As humans, we often overvalue what we think we can complete, but then we give up the moment reality. Micro-habits are all about preventing you from giving up due to something being too ‘hard’. When practicing consistently, you can do something without even having to think about it. Micro-habits you probably already fixed into your daily life include brushing your teeth, taking a shower, making a morning cup of coffee, etc. Pick something you want to do and improve on. Then find out the micro-habits you can start today to help you reach your goal, and eventually achieve your dream. 1.Why does the writer talk about weight lifting in Paragraph 2? A. To state the necessity of micro-habits. B. To state the importance of weightlifting. C. To further explain what micro-habits are. D. To further explain how to keep weight lifting. 2.What can you learn from the passage? A. Micro-habits are the only factor that has shaped the writer’s way of life. B. The writer started his reading micro-habit by reading 45 minutes every night at first. C. People need a lot of motivation to keep micro-habits like taking a shower in daily life. D. The writer turned his wish of reading more into a habit through a small micro-habit. 3.What does the underlined word “consistently” probably mean in Paragraph 5? A. Regularly B. Carefully C. Quickly D. Secretly 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Micro-habits Can Make Great Progress B. Micro-habits Can Make a Big Difference C. To Achieve Your Goal, Change Your Micro-habits D. To Develop More Skills, Build Your Micro-habits 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了微习惯的概念及其对生活的积极影响，通过举重和阅读的例子说明微习惯如何通过小步骤积累实现大目标。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The idea is that micro-habit will slowly build on top of itself and result in something great over time.”以及举重的例子“pretend (假装) like you’re adding a piece of paper to a pile”可知，作者用举重进一步解释微习惯的运作方式。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“At first, I began reading one page a night before bed…Finally, by adding only five minutes at a time, I am able to increase the total amount of reading from five minutes to forty-five minutes per night.”可知，作者从每晚一页开始，逐步增加到45分钟，说明他通过微习惯实现了阅读目标。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“When practicing consistently, you can do something without even having to think about it.”可知，坚持练习时，行为会变得自动化，可推知“consistently”意为“持续地、规律地”，A项符合。故选A。 (4)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕微习惯的积累效应展开，B项符合。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·北京第二中学·期中）Do you still remember the good feelings you experienced when you did something good for someone else? Perhaps it was the satisfaction of cleaning the garden for your neighbour, or the sense of happiness from working at a local community, or the gratification (满足) from donating (捐献) to a good cause. Or perhaps it was the simple joy of having helped out a friend. One reason behind the good feelings is that it helps people get close to each other. Science shows that helping others can make you feel good. The key is to find the way that works for you. Someone says, “If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a day, go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, have a long trip with your friends. If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody.” Giving can feel great. And as we learn early, it’s better to give than to receive. The more you give, the more you get happiness. Follow these tips: ①Find your passion. It’s not how much you give. It’s how much love you put into giving. You might care about one cause more than others, and that’s okay. Support the cause that feels right for you. ②Give your time. The gift of time is often more valuable to the receiver, and more satisfying to the giver, than the gift of money. We don’t all have the same amount of money, but we all have time. ③Give to groups with clear goals. Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School, says that “If we tell the donors what we can do with their money and how their donations can help other people, they will get more happiness.” ④Be active. Set aside time to serve your community. Think about your choices, and find the cause and type of service that best match your values. 1.The writer uses the examples to show ________. A. helping others can bring happiness B. going fishing is a good hobby C. cleaning the garden is a good choice for a part-time job D. taking a nap is better than travelling with friends 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. We should care more about how much we get. B. Receiving is the best way to bring long time happiness. C. Giving money is more valuable than giving time. D. People can feel happier when they have clear goals in donating. 3.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Be active, be healthier. B. Help others, help yourself. C. Work together, reach the goal. D. Save time, save money. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文围绕“帮助他人能带来幸福感”展开，通过列举日常善举的例子引出核心观点，引用名言强调“给予比接受更快乐”，并给出四条实用建议，帮助人们找到适合自己的助人方式，收获长久幸福。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Science shows that helping others can make you feel good”可知，举例是为了证明“帮助他人能带来幸福”。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据建议③“Give to groups with clear goals”及哈佛教授的话“If we tell the donors what we can do with their money and how their donations can help other people, they will get more happiness.”可知，捐赠时目标明确，人们会更幸福。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章核心是“帮助他人能让自己收获幸福”，即“帮助别人，也是帮助自己”。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26八上·北京第二中学·期中）Competition is a lot like a game. It’s fun to play games, and we all like to win. But remember, for someone to win, someone else has to lose. Even though it’s not always nice, competition has been around for a very long time. From old Greek games to soccer today, people have always enjoyed competing. Competition isn’t just in sports. It’s also in business, science, and even when people look for love. Businessmen say that competition helps keep things fair (公平的) in the market. In science, scientists compete for improving people’s lives. Competition seems to be everywhere! Some people think we are born to compete because it helps us live better. But can we use competition to help others? For example, can we make people save energy (e. g. water and electricity) or take part in volunteer work by competing? In a study, scientists looked at a competition at Princeton University called “Do-it-in-the- Dark”. Students try to use less electricity, and the group that saved the most won a prize. The study showed that during the competition, students used less electricity. But when the competition ended, they went back to using more electricity. This happened at many other universities too. The problem is that this kind of competition only works while there’s a prize. Students are more likely to take actions as long as the university maintains the prize. However, in our example, students stopped saving energy as soon as the competition ended. Once there was no prize, people would stop saving energy. This is because people save energy for the prize, not because they care about the environment. Researchers say that if we want people to keep doing good things, like saving energy, we need them to care about it for the right reasons. We need them to understand why it’s important, not just to win a prize. So, competition can be fun and helpful sometimes, but it’s not always the best way to get people to do good things. Through cooperation, working together and sharing experience during competitions, people can understand the true meaning of competition and know about the long-term benefits. It’s time we start doing the right thing, for the right reasons. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A. We should cooperate in the right way. B. Competition takes place in many fields. C. Businessmen compete to improve our lives. D. Cooperating is more important than competing. 2.The example of the “Do-it-in-the-Dark” competition shows that ________. A. people may do right things because of a prize in competitions B. competitions can help people get more experience from others C. competitions can encourage people to reach the long-term goal D. people should continue to cooperate after winning competitions 3.What does the underlined word “maintains” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Chooses. B. Changes. C. Keeps. D. Earns. 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain the importance of competition. B. To help people to face competitions bravely. C. To give suggestions for winning competitions. D. To tell people to compete for the right reasons. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了竞争无处不在，但是合作也很重要。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Competition isn’t just in sports. It’s also in business, science, and even when people look for love. Businessmen say that competition helps keep things fair (公平的) in the market. In science, scientists compete for improving people’s lives. Competition seems to be everywhere!”可知，竞争不仅存在于体育领域，还存在于商业、科学甚至人们寻找爱情时。这表明竞争发生在许多领域，因此选项B“竞争发生在许多领域”是正确的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“This is because people save energy for the prize, not because they care about the environment.”可知，人们为了奖品而节约能源，故选A。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据“Students are more likely to take actions as long as the university maintains the prize.”可知，只要大学保持这个奖项，学生们就更有可能采取行动，可推测出“maintains”意为“保持”，与“keeps”意思相近。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Through cooperation, working together and sharing experience during competitions, people can understand the true meaning of competition and know about the long-term benefits. It’s time we start doing the right thing, for the right reasons.”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉人们要为了正确的理由去竞争。故选D。 主题语境06 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·北京海淀·期中）While many people see chores as necessary pains, there are science-based reasons to change your thoughts about chores. It turns out that doing chores is not always in the ways that you might think. As researchers state here in a study, doing tasks which don’t need a lot of effort allows the mind to float around where it will. Your mind gets a break and allows you to consider old problems with new eyes. In fact, effortless tasks create more great ideas than difficult tasks or just resting. So, doing chores can lead to creative problem-solving. Chores are exercise snacks for health. The phrase “exercise snacks” refers to small, even tiny, pieces of physical activity, such as standing for a few minutes after sitting for a while. Taking a two-minute walk, or doing a chore like sweeping up the kitchen. Researchers have studied the effects of exercise snacks ranging (范围) from 30 seconds, like walking up a flight of stairs, to 10 minutes, like washing dishes. Some of the health effects include improved memory, reduced risk of some serious diseases, and longer life. Chores are related to our mental (心理的) health. Completing chores increases (增长) your sense of self-efficacy, known as a person’s belief that they have the ability and skills to reach their goals. Self-efficacy, which was first developed by Professor Albert Bandura in the 1970s, has been shown to increase confidence, low self-efficacy is connected with worries, sadness and hopelessness, while higher self-efficacy is connected with life satisfaction, self-confidence, social connection and growth mindset. Doing chores can reduce stress. A small study from Florida State University explored whether the chore of dish washing could reduce stress. Using a group of 51 students, they discovered that dishwashers who were asked to be mindful when washing dishes focusing on the smell of the soap, the warmth of the water, and the feel of the dishes— reported a decrease in nervousness by 27 percent and an increase in mental inspiration by 25 percent. Chores that reduce the mess can also reduce stress. So if you’ve been thinking about cleaning out that junk drawer, do it. You’ll receive more. 1.According to Paragraph 2, the writer may agree that we can ________ by doing chores. A. get less social B. live a better life C. become more inventive D. change ways of exercise 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. We need to eat snacks after sweeping up the kitchen. B. We can get a sense of achievement by doing chores. C. Using the soap when washing dishes increases efficacy. D. Doing chores every day decreases the creative thinking. 3.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain why most people hate doing chores and offer ways to make chores less tiring. B. To introduce the science-supported advantages of doing chores and encourage people to do chores. C. To prove that doing chores like washing dishes is the best way to reduce stress and improve creativity. D. To teach readers how to use different chores to increase self-efficacy and achieve life satisfaction. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要论述了做家务有科学依据的好处，包括促进创造性解决问题、有益健康、与心理健康相关以及减轻压力等，并鼓励人们积极做家务。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So, doing chores can lead to creative problem-solving.”可知，做家务可以带来创造性的问题解决方法，即可以让我们变得更有创造力。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Completing chores increases (增长) your sense of self-efficacy, known as a person’s belief that they have the ability and skills to reach their goals.”可知，完成家务可以增加我们的自我效能感，即一种相信自己有能力达到目标的信念，这可以看作是一种成就感。故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“While many people see chores as necessary pains, there are science-based reasons to change your thoughts about chores.”以及后文对做家务的好处的论述可知，作者的主要目的是介绍做家务的科学依据的好处，并鼓励人们做家务。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 Passage 1 （25-26八上·北京文汇中学·期中）In 2019, a British teenager named Hannah Kidner raised an important question that caught the nation’s attention: Should secondary schools start at 10 a.m.? She created an online petition (请愿) calling for this change, and it quickly gained nearly 200,000 supporters, showing that many people agreed with her. Hannah and her supporters believe that early school start times are not suitable for teenagers. Many students find it difficult to get enough sleep because they have to wake up very early—sometimes before 7 a.m.—to get ready and travel to school. As a result, they often sit in class feeling tired and unable to focus (集中注意力). Hannah argued that starting school later would help students learn more effectively and achieve better grades. What’s more, experts say that long-term lack of sleep doesn’t just affect their schoolwork—it can also influence mood and physical health. Some teens may feel more worried or upset when they don’t sleep well. Scientific research supports Hannah’s view. Studies show that during the teenage years, a person’s natural sleep pattern changes. This change is linked to melatonin (褪黑激素), a hormone that controls sleep. In teenagers, melatonin is released (释放) about two hours later at night than in adults, meaning they naturally fall asleep later. Since most teens need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night, waking up early for school cuts their sleep short. This is why so many find it hard to be fully awake and focused in morning classes. One UK school tried starting at 10 a.m. and saw positive things happen. The number of students who were sick and missed school fell by half, and students also reported feeling happier and less stressed. Their exam scores improved as well. All of these suggest that a well-rested mind is better for study. However, not everyone agreed with Hannah’s idea. Some critics said that teenagers’ tiredness is not only caused by school schedules (日程安排). They pointed out that some students stay up late using phones, playing video games, or watching videos, which also affects their sleep. Others worried that a later school end time would leave less time for after-school activities, homework, or part-time jobs. After careful discussion, the British government decided not to make a national rule changing school start times. Instead, they allowed each school to decide its own schedule based on local needs. Although Hannah’s campaign (倡议活动) didn’t lead to a nationwide change this time, it successfully started an important public conversation about teenagers’ health and education. Hannah continues to hope that one day schools will adjust their schedules to help students learn and live better. 1.What do Hannah and her supporters believe? A. Secondary school should end earlier in the afternoon. B. Students should get more homework from teachers. C. The school start time now is unsuitable for teenagers. D. Teenagers need to learn how to manage their sleep. 2.Why does the author mention the scientific research in paragraph 3? A. To give a scientific reason that supports Hannah’s idea. B. To explain how the sleep hormone works in teenagers’ bodies. C. To list the number of sleep hours that teenagers need every night. D. To compare the differences between teens and adults in sleeping 3.The underlined word “critics” in paragraph 5 refers to ________. A. experts in designing school plans B. people holding opposite views C. supporters of the online petition D. researchers on teenagers’ sleep 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the problems caused by early school schedules. B. To show the benefits of later-school-start times for students. C. To tell the story of how a teenager started an online petition. D. To discuss a topic about school start time and its final result. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，围绕英国青少年Hannah发起的推迟中学上课时间的请愿活动展开，呈现了正反双方的观点、科学依据以及事件的最终结果。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Hannah and her supporters believe that early school start times are not suitable for teenagers.”可知，Hannah和她的支持者认为目前的上学时间不适合青少年。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Scientific research supports Hannah’s view.”可知，作者提及科学研究是为了给Hannah的观点提供科学依据。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“However, not everyone agreed with Hannah’s idea.”可知，存在反对意见，随后用“Some critics said...”引出具体反对内容，故“critics”指持反对意见的人。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章既介绍了请愿的起因、支持者的理由和科学依据，也说明了反对者的观点，最后交代了政府决定和事件影响，属于对“上学时间”这一话题及其发展的全面讨论。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·北京丰台第十二中学·期中）Is Technology Changing the Way Kids Develop Relationships? Technology is redefining（重新定义）the meaning of relationships. For example, technology has enabled people who have never met nor will ever meet to call themselves friends. It makes the line between connections and real friends become unclear. Because of technology’s omnipresence（遍在；无所不在)in the lives of most children, it is shaping how children feel about and develop relationships without fully consideration of the influence that it has on children’s relationships. Because of this growing influence of technology on them, children need to really understand where they are learning about relationships and whether what they are learning is healthy and will lay the groundwork for a future of positive relationships. It’s necessary to recognize these changes because relationships play such a central role in who children become and the quality of the lives they lead. Relationships provide children with a foundation of values, love, security, and support. The quality of children’s early relationships acts as the model on which their future relationships are modeled and built. Later relationships with peers, teachers, and other influential people shape children’s beliefs about the world and the direction that their lives will take. In fact, there is no aspect(方面)of children’s lives that remains untouched by relationships. At the same time, many of the changes in relationships caused by technology have been positive. Technology has also been a good thing to keep already-established（建立） relationships. If you have family or friends who live at a great distance, they no longer have to rely on the telephone or snail mail to stay connected. They can contact through email, texting and so on. As with all value-neutral（价值中立的）advancements, there are both benefits and costs, positive uses and unhealthy misuses. My worry focuses on how children come to define relationships and the role that technology is playing in that process(过程). For example, I hear many young people talking about all of the “friends” they have made on the web. There’s no doubt that the web has enabled people everywhere to connect and communicate like never before, but I would argue that connection alone can not make a relationship. 1.The line between connections and real friends has become unclear because ________. A. technology brings new change B. it’s difficult to find real friends C. it’s wise to connect with strangers D. technology gives kids more free time 2.What do you know about children’s relationships from the passage? A. Relationships are easy to develop for children. B. Children can understand relationships correctly. C. Relationships connect with every part of children’s lives. D. Children’s later relationships are more important than their early ones. 3.The writer probably agrees that ________. A. children can’t make friends on the web B. technology is changing children’s lives C. technology can’t cause positive influence D. children dislike the growing influence of technology 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To list the changes in relationships caused by technology. B. To introduce a new type of relationships in kids’ daily life. C. To tell the kids to develop their relationships with the help of the technology. D. To remind the kids of thinking about the influence of technology on their relationships. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】 文章主要介绍了科技重新定义了关系的含义，科技让人们能随时随地保持联系，科技对于关系的变化有些是积极的，但是它也让联系和真正的朋友之间的界限变得不清晰，对孩子们在发展关系的方式方面有一些不好的影响。虽然科技让我们随时随地联系，但是只有联系不能建立关系。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“For example, technology has enabled people who have never met nor will ever meet to call themselves friends. It makes the line between connections and real friends become unclear.”可知科技能够让人们称从未见过面的人为朋友，造成联系和真正的朋友之间的界限变得不清晰，这是由科技带来的变化造成的。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“relationships play such a central role in who children become and the quality of the lives they lead. Relationships provide children with a foundation of values, love, security, and support”以及“In fact, there is no aspect(方面)of children’s lives that remains untouched by relationships.”可知关系在孩子的生活中扮演中心角色，对孩子生活中的各个方面都有影响，故可推断关系和孩子生活的各个方面都有联系。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s necessary to recognize these changes”以及第四段“ At the same time, many of the changes in relationships caused by technology have been positive…”可知科技造成的很多关系变化是积极的，从中可知科技在改变着孩子们的生活。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，虽然科技带来了很多积极的变化，但是作者还是提醒孩子们要思考科技对关系的影响，毕竟只联系并不能建立关系。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 （25-26八上·北京文汇中学·期中）Could Your Phone Know Your Personality? What if a machine could understand your personality? Today, this idea is becoming real thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI). Researchers are using AI to find the connection between our digital behavior and our personality. For example, a famous study from the University of Cambridge showed that by analyzing (分析) just a person’s “Likes” on Facebook, a computer could predict a person’s personality quite well—sometimes even better than their co-workers. The way you type, the words you choose, and even your “emoji use” can all offer clues (线索). Another recent study called “How You Use Your Smartphone Can Predict Four Personality traits” took this further. It found that by analyzing simple phone habits—like how often you check your phone or how quickly you reply to messages—an AI system could tell important parts of a person’s character with good accuracy (准确性). This technology is now being tested in some real-world situations. Some companies are using it to help match people with jobs that fit their personalities. For example, a careful and organized person might be a good fit for a job that needs great attention to detail. In healthcare, doctors are studying whether sudden changes in a person’s typical phone behavior can be early signs of stress or anxiety (焦虑). For example, a clear and noticeable slowdown in typing, or a sharp drop (下降) in nighttime phone use, might show that the person is facing hidden difficulties. Discovering these digital signals early on could help them get support sooner. However, scientists also warn us to be careful. Our personality data is highly sensitive and must be kept secret. A report from MIT (麻省理工学院) pointed out that these AI models can sometimes be unfair. The big question is: who gets to use this information, and how do we keep it safe? It’s a powerful tool, but we must use it wisely. 1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. AI can analyze digital behavior to understand personality. B. Social media is the best way to understand personality. C. Computers are better than humans at predicting personality. D. Emoji use is the most important clue to one’s personality. 2.According to Paragraph 4, how might this technology help in healthcare? A. By giving medicine to sick people. B. By helping doctors find problems early. C. By keeping records for hospitals. D. By making phones for doctors. 3.What is the main worry scientists have about this technology? A. It will cost too much money to use. B. It may not work correctly sometimes. C. It will make many people lose their jobs. D. It could bring safety and fairness problems. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了人工智能通过数字行为分析人的个性，以及这项技术现在正在现实中一些领域进行测试。与此同时，科学家也表达了他们的担忧。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“Researchers are using AI to find the connection between our digital behavior and our personality.”及下文的举例可知，人工智能可以分析数字行为来理解个性。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“In healthcare, doctors are studying whether sudden changes in a person’s typical phone behavior can be early signs of stress or anxiety (焦虑). For example, a clear and noticeable slowdown in typing, or a sharp drop (下降) in nighttime phone use, might show that the person is facing hidden difficulties.”可知，人工智能可帮助医生通过手机行为变化 （如打字变慢、夜间使用减少）发现压力或焦虑的早期迹象，帮助医生及早发现问题。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“However, scientists also warn us to be careful. Our personality data is highly sensitive and must be kept secret. A report from MIT (麻省理工学院) pointed out that these AI models can sometimes be unfair. The big question is: who gets to use this information, and how do we keep it safe? It’s a powerful tool, but we must use it wisely.”可知，科学家们对这项技术的主要担忧是它可能会带来安全和公平问题。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 （25-26八上·北京第八十中学·期中）Having too many friends doesn’t sound like the kind of thing anyone should really worry about. After all, what can be wrong with having a wider group of people to hang out with? According to the latest survey, the average (平均) number of friends people have on social media (社交媒体) is between 300 and 500. Research suggests that this number is actually higher for teenagers. Is it possible to maintain meaningful relationships with so many people, especially those you may never meet in person? We are just one click away from making new friends on social media. This has led some people to question how honest the friendship is. For example, when I see that a friend has posted photos from his latest holiday on social media, I’d typically reply with a comment (评论) like “Wow, looks great!” even though it doesn’t. The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will reply similarly, so I’ll feel better about myself. Not long ago, I met someone who loved music as much as I did at a concert. We got along pretty well that evening, although the music was so loud! We even added each other on social media. Now, I see her photos on social media, and I “like” her photos, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never meet up in real life. It could be argued that this is just another example of how life has changed in recent years. We live in a time when we expect things to happen right away, so is it really all that surprising that the way we form friendships has changed? Perhaps it shows how social media has made friendships less honest, turning them into meaningless “adds” and “likes”. Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few unimportant online conversations. It’s taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting relationships. And these for me and I believe for most other people too are much more valuable and meaningful. It’s something that cannot be replicated on social media. No matter how many times you have “liked” a person’s posts, you cannot get the same result. It has been said that technology is destroying our relationships with other people. I wouldn’t go so far as to say that. However, it seems that it has changed the way that we manage our friendships. But in the end, it’s up to us to decide how real and meaningful those friendships are. 1.What can we learn about making friends on social media? A. People often share their real feelings with online friends. B. Teenagers are more likely to meet online friends in person. C. Communicating online is the first step to making real friends. D. People always expect good comments on their posts from friends. 2.Why does the writer mention the experience of making a friend in Paragraph 4? A. To suggest an easy way of making friends. B. To explain why people make friends on social media. C. To stress the importance of making friends in real life. D. To show how technology has changed the way of making friends. 3.The word “replicated” in Paragraph 6 probably means _______ A. shared B. learned C. copied D. tested 4.The writer probably agrees that ________ A. it’s necessary to be honest with online friends B. having more online friends makes people feel better C. social media helps strengthen relationships between people D. true friendships require company and honest communication 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了网上交友的利与弊。作者认为建立牢固持久的关系需要多年的共同经历。但是最终，这些友谊有多真实，有多有意义，取决于我们自己。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will reply similarly, so I’ll feel better about myself.”以及生活常识可知，关于在社交媒体上交朋友，我们能学到人们总是希望自己的帖子能得到朋友的好评。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Not long ago, I met someone who loved music as much as I did at a concert. We got along pretty well that evening, although the music was so loud! We even added each other on social media. Now, I see her photos on social media, and I ‘like’ her photos, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never meet up in real life.”可知，作者在第四段中提到交朋友的经历是为了展示科技如何改变交友的方式。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据“It’s something that cannot be replicated on social media.”可知，这是社交媒体上无法复制的东西。划线单词“replicated”的意思是“复制”。“copied”与其意思一致。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few unimportant online conversations. It’s taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting relationships.”可知，本文主要讲述了网上交友的利与弊。作者认为建立牢固持久的关系需要多年的共同经历。但是最终，这些友谊有多真实，有多有意义，取决于我们自己。因此作者可能同意真正的友谊需要陪伴和诚实的交流。故选D。 主题语境04 人与自我-方法与哲理 （25-26八上·北京第一六六中学·期中）Competition is a lot like a game. It’s fun to play games, and$