Unit 8 More than a Game Section A (4a-4d)课件2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

Section A (4a-4d) Unit 8 More than a Game 01 Teaching Objectives 语言能力：掌握主谓一致的核心规则并能正确运用：不定代词作主语谓语用单数，both...and... 连接主语谓语用复数，either...or... / neither...nor... 遵循就近原则。能读懂4a例句圈出主语、划出谓语并归纳规律，在4b填空与4c对话补全中准确变形动词，并在4d讨论汇报中运用 "Both of us agree..."、"Our group thinks..."、"Everyone in the group..." 等句型，实现从识记到运用、从句子到语篇的进阶。 思维品质：通过"观察例句—圈画成分—发现规律"的路径，训练从语言现象中抽象概括语法规则的归纳思维。在4a中对比不同主语对应的谓语形态，培养分类比较与辨析推理能力；在4b、4c中学会依据主语性质作出精准判断，发展逻辑思维。4d环节中，学生需综合运用多种主谓一致结构表达小组观点，同时辩证思考"哪些运动适合入选奥运项目"，在规则运用中发展批判性思维与观点论证能力。 学习能力：通过圈画主语谓语、对比表格整理主谓一致五类规则，学会将零散语法点系统化、结构化记忆；在4b、4c练习中即时检测、自我纠错，强化"先找主语、再判单复数、后定谓语"的规范解题步骤；4d小组讨论与汇报中开展合作学习，互相检查谓语使用是否正确，提升同伴互评与协作能力，并将归纳语法的方法迁移至其他语法项目的自主学习。 文化意识：在运动攀岩语境中，了解奥运会新增项目的时代气息，感受攀岩运动员挑战自我、直面危险的勇气，体会"更快、更高、更强——更团结"的奥林匹克精神。通过4d为奥运建言献策，理解竞技体育不唯输赢、重在全力以赴的价值内涵，深化对单元大问题 "How does sport inspire us?" 的认识，树立人人参与、公平竞技的体育观念，增强尊重规则、尊重对手的人文素养。 02 Teaching Points 教学重点：主谓一致五类核心规则的理解与运用：①不定代词 everybody、everyone、each、nobody 作主语谓语用单数；②both...and... 连接并列主语谓语用复数；③either...or... / neither...nor... 按就近原则确定谓语；④the Olympics、the Winter Olympics 等复数专有名词及 tennis 等单项运动名词作主语的谓语形式；⑤family、team 等集合名词按"整体用单、成员用复"确定谓语。同时掌握运动攀岩相关词汇，能规范完成4a成分圈画、4b填空与4c对话补全全部练习，并在4d中运用目标句型进行小组汇报。 教学难点：either...or... / neither...nor...连接双主语时就近原则的判断——谓语须与最近的主语保持一致，学生易受两个主语干扰而误选，需通过 Neither winning nor losing is everything 等典型例句强化；each、everyone 等不定代词作主语时谓语用单数，与汉语思维及复数直觉相冲突，需反复对比操练；family 等集合名词单复数取决于语境，学生难以把握何时用单、何时用复；compete 相关词组的辨析及奥运术语的音形义；从规则记忆到4d真实交际与语篇输出中自觉、准确地运用主谓一致，实现语法知识向语言能力的迁移。 03 Section A (4a-4d) Everybody is looking forward to the 4 × 100 m relay. Both are quite fast. Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice. The Winter Olympics start next month. Neither is really suitable for me. My family also watch / watches team sports together. Read the sentences. Circle the subjects and underline the verbs. What do you notice about subject-verb agreement? 主谓一致 一、什么是主谓一致 在英语句子中，主语决定了谓语动词的形式，谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致，这就是主谓一致。 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 语法一致，指主语是单数，谓语就用单数；主语是复数，谓语就用复数，这是最常用的一条原则。 意义一致，指不只看主语的形式，而是根据主语表达的实际意义来决定谓语的单复数，如 family 既可以强调整体，也可以强调家庭成员。 就近一致，指谓语与离它最近的那个主语保持一致，常见于 either...or...、there be 等结构中。 主谓一致 二、语法一致原则 1. 单数主语配单数谓语 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词-ing形式或单个句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。值得注意的是，tennis、volleyball、kung fu、boxing 等表示具体运动项目的名词，作主语时被看作一个整体，谓语同样用单数。 例句：Tennis requires strength and skill. （网球运动需要力量和技巧。） 2. 复数主语配复数谓语 复数名词、复数代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。由 both...and... 连接的两个并列主语加在一起表示复数，谓语用复数；both 单独作主语时也视为复数。此外，the Winter Olympics这类以 -s 结尾的赛事名称作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 主谓一致 例句：Both are quite fast. （两个人跑得都很快。） 3. 不定代词作主语谓语用单数 everybody、everyone、someone、anyone、no one、nobody、each、either、neither 以及 everything、something、anything、nothing 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。当 each、either、neither 后接 of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语仍用单数。 例句：Everyone looks forward to the opening ceremony. （大家都期盼着开幕式。） 4. 以 -s 结尾却表示单数的名词 maths、physics、news、the United States 等名词虽然以 -s 结尾，但在意义上是单数，作主语时谓语用单数。 例句：Physics is one of my favourite subjects. （物理是我最喜欢的学科之一。） 主谓一致 5. 时间、距离、金钱、重量作整体主语 把一段时间、一段距离、一笔金钱或一定重量看作一个整体作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若强调其中每个单独的个体，则可以用复数。 例句：Ten years is a long time. （十年是一段很长的时光。） 三、意义一致原则 意义一致原则强调“形式服从意义”，判断谓语单复数要看主语表达的真实含义，而不是表面形式。 1. 集合名词可单可复 family、team、class、group 等集合名词作主语时，若把整体看作一个单位，谓语用单数；若强调其中的每一个成员，谓语用复数。 主谓一致 教材4a例句 My family also watch/watches sports together.中两种写法都正确：把全家人看作一个整体时用 watches，强调家里的每个人一起看比赛时用 watch。 例句：My family is a happy one. （我的家庭很幸福。强调整体，用单数。） My family are all sports lovers. （我家人都热爱运动。强调成员，用复数。） 2. 形式与意义不一致的特殊名词 people、police 等名词形式上不带复数标记，但意义上是复数，作主语时谓语用复数。the + 形容词可以表示一类人，如 the old（老年人）、the young（年轻人）、the rich（富人），作主语时谓语也用复数。 例句：The police are looking into the case. （警方正在调查这个案子。） The young are full of energy. （年轻人充满活力。） 主谓一致 四、就近一致原则 当主语由 either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but... 等并列连词连接，或者使用 there be 句型时，谓语动词与离它最近的那个主语保持一致，这就是就近一致原则。 例句：Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice. （谓语与最近的Adam一致） Not only the players but also the coach was excited. （谓语与最近的coach一致。） 五、主谓一致常见的易混结构 1. a number of 与 the number of a number of 意为“许多”，后接复数名词，作主语时谓语用复数；the number of 意为“……的数量”，后接复数名词，作主语时谓语用单数。两者只差一个定冠词， 主谓一致 意思和用法却完全不同。 例句：A number of students like playing basketball. （许多学生喜欢打篮球。） The number of students in the running club is over fifty. （跑步俱乐部的人数超过五十。） 2. 百分数（分数）+ of + 名词 百分数或分数与 of 结构连用作主语时，谓语动词与 of 后面的名词保持一致：of 后是可数名词复数或 people 等集合名词时用复数；of 后是不可数名词或单数名词时用单数。 例句：About thirty percent of the class are sports fans. （班上大约三成学生是体育迷。） Two thirds of the work has been done. （三分之二的工作已经完成。） 主谓一致 3. with / together with / as well as 等插入成分 当主语后接 with、together with、as well as、along with、except、but 等引导的短语时，谓语只与真正的主语保持一致，不受插入成分的影响。 注意：这里遵循的是语法一致原则，而不是就近一致！ 例句：The coach with his players is having a meeting. （教练和他的队员们正在开会。真正主语是 the coach，谓语用单数。） Teng Fei, as well as his friends, likes table tennis. （腾飞和他的朋友们一样喜欢乒乓球。真正主语是 Teng Fei，谓语用单数。） 4. one of 与 the (only) one of 后的定语从句 在 one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句的结构中，定语从句的谓语用复数，因为先行词是 主谓一致 of 后的复数名词；而在 the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句的结构中，定语从句的谓语用单数，因为先行词强调的是“唯一的那个”。 例句：He is one of the players who are good at the long jump. （他是擅长跳远的运动员之一。） She is the only one of the girls who has won the gold medal. （她是这些女孩中唯一获得金牌的人。） 5. each 作同位语时谓语用复数 当 each 位于主语之后作同位语（如 We each、They each）时，谓语动词要随真正的主语变化，用复数形式；这与 Each of them 作主语时谓语用单数的情况不同，需要仔细区分。 主谓一致 例句：They each have a chance to try out. （他们每个人都有一次选拔的机会。） Each of them has a chance to try out. （他们中每个人都有一次选拔的机会。） 6. and 连接的并列主语 and 连接两个或两个以上的并列成分作主语时，谓语一般用复数。但如果 and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或同一个整体，或者并列主语前有 every、each、no 等词修饰，谓语则用单数。 例句：The singer and dancer is from Beijing. （这位歌唱家兼舞蹈家来自北京。指同一个人，谓语用单数。） Every boy and every girl has a sports dream. （每个男孩和女孩都有体育梦想。） 主谓一致 六、解题三步法 第一步，找主语：先确定句子的真正主语是谁，注意排除 with、together with、as well as 等插入成分的干扰，也不要被句子开头的 there、倒装结构迷惑。 第二步，判类别：判断主语属于哪一种情况，是不定代词、不可数名词、动名词这类单数型，是复数名词、both...and... 这类复数型，还是 either...or...、neither...nor...、there be 这类就近型；同时留意 family、team 这类意义可单可复的集合名词，以及 a number of 与 the number of 的细微差别。 第三步，定谓语：根据判断结果确定谓语动词的单复数形式，并注意与句子的时态相配合。以 Everyone ____ (look) forward to the relay race. 为例，先找到主语 Everyone，判断出不定代词作主语谓语用单数，再结合一般现在时，填出 looks。 主谓一致 七、高频易错点 第一，误把插入成分当主语。The teacher with his students are watching the race. 是典型错误，with his students 是插入语，真正主语是 the teacher，谓语应改为 is。 第二，both...and... 后误用单数。Both Tom and Jim is good at kung fu. 是错的，and 连接两个主语相加为复数，应把 is 改为 are。 第三，不定代词作主语误用复数。Everyone are looking forward to the game. 是错的，everyone 作主语谓语必须用单数，应改为 is。 第四，either...or... 与 neither...nor... 弄错一致对象。这类结构谓语要就近与后一个主语一致，而不是与前面或全体一致，如 Neither the players nor the coach were happy. 应把 were 改为 was，因为最近的 coach 是单数。 主谓一致 第五，混淆 the number of 与 a number of。前者表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；后者表示“许多”，谓语用复数，切勿弄反。 第六，对集合名词一律判单数。看到 family、team 就只用单数谓语是片面的，必须根据句子表达的是整体还是成员来选择。 第七，there be 句型忽略就近原则。There is two books and a pen on the desk. 是错的，最近的主语 two books 是复数，应把 is 改为 are。 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. Tennis _________ (require) strength and skill. 2. Both kung fu and boxing _________ (be) popular sports among young people. 3. Neither winning nor losing _________ (be) everything in the Olympics. It's about doing your best. 4. Athletes train for years to try out for the Olympics, and each _________ (have) a unique story. 5. Everyone _________ (look) forward to the opening ceremony. It is always a great event. requires are is has is looking Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Ann: Hey, do you know what “sport climbing” is? It ______ (be) one of the newest sports in the Olympic Games. Jim: Really? Tell me more about it. Ann: Sure. It ______ (come) from traditional rock climbing and is divided into three different types: speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing. Jim: I see. What ______ (be) the rules? Ann: Well, each type ______ (be) different. In bouldering, there ______ (be) no safety ropes. But in lead climbing, athletes ______ (wear) ropes. In speed climbing, climbers ______ (have) to compete against the clock. Jim: Oh, I see. Each event ______ (sound) difficult to me. Ann: Yes, they all ________ (require) a lot of training. is comes are is are wear have sounds require Discuss what sports you would like to add to the Olympic sports list. Then make a report to the class. Both/All of us agree/think... Our group think/thinks... Everyone/Nobody in the group... Neither/None of us... Discuss what sports you would like to add to the Olympic sports list. Then make a report to the class. Good morning, class. Today our group will talk about what sport we would like to add to the Olympic sports list. We have talked about several popular sports. Both of us think street‑dance should become an Olympic sport. It is enjoyed by lots of young people around the world. Dancers show great skill and creativity in their performances. Our group thinks that it can bring more young fans to the Olympic Games. However, we also have different ideas. Everyone in the group believes the sport must have clear rules before it joins the Olympics. Nobody in the group wants to add a sport that is too easy to judge. Neither of us wants to add online games. We worry that they do not require enough physical exercise. None of us hopes to see too many new sports, because the Olympics should not become too crowded. To sum up, street‑dance is our top choice. Thank you for listening. 单选题 1. In conclusion, my family ________ very green. We still use too many plastic products. A. is B. are C. isn't D. aren't 2. ________ my father ________ my mother likes drinking coffee, they both prefer tea. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 3. Neither Simon nor Amy ________ enough spare time for hobbies. A. have B. has C. having D. had 4. Not only heavy homework ________ family quarrels ________ bring teenage stress. A. but also; do B. and; does C. nor; did D. or; be 5. Each of the competitors ________ a special number before the match starts. A. get B. gets C. getting D. got 句子填空 1. There ________ (be) some apples and a pear on the table. 2. Neither the boy nor his sister ________ (suffer) from exam pressure. 3. The youth worker as well as students ___________ (exchange) stress plans now. 4. Not only time plans but gentle talks ________ (matter) for low spirits. 5. His family ________ (be) watching a live ball game now. 6. Each of the sports fans ________ (have) a favourite athlete. 7. Neither my sister nor I ________ (be) good at playing the piano. 8. Here _______ (come) the twin brothers. They are wearing the same style of clothes. 9. The good news about our school's sports meeting ____ (be) true. 10. This pair of cotton socks ______ 5 yuan. (cost) are suffers is exchanging matter are has am come is costs 04 Vocabulary neither...nor... 既不…… 也不…… 核心用法： 1. 连接两个并列成分：可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词、句子等。 2. 主谓一致（重中之重）：就近原则——谓语动词的单复数，由离它最近的主语决定。 3. 位置：neither 放被否定的第一部分前，nor 放第二部分前。 4. 注意：neither…nor… 本身已经带否定含义，句子不能再加 not。 例句：Neither he nor I am good at skating. 他和我都不擅长滑冰。 易混辨析：neither…nor… /either…or… /both…and… neither…nor…：既不… 也不…（全部否定，就近原则） either…or…：或者… 或者…；要么… 要么…（二者选其一，就近原则） both…and…：… 和… 两者都（全部肯定，谓语动词只用复数，无就近原则） 补充：neither 单独作代词：两者都不 try out 参加选拔，参加试训/面试，试用，测试（物品、想法） 用法：try out是动词短语，可分可合。 接代词作宾语时，代词必须放中间：try it / them out，不能写 try out it 名词宾语可放中间或后面：try out the new idea = try the new idea out 义项 1：参加选拔、试训，表示报名参加选拔，希望加入某个队伍、俱乐部。 例句：She wants to try out for the school swimming team. 她想要参加校游泳队的选拔。 义项 2：试用，测试（工具、方案、想法） 例句：You can try out the new machine before you buy it. 你可以在购买之前试用这台新机器。 易混辨析：try out /try on /try for try out：① 参加选拔 try out for + 队伍；② 试用、测试物品或想法。 try on：试穿（衣物鞋帽），代词放中间：try it on ✔；try on it ❌ try for sth：争取谋求（职位、奖项），侧重努力去获得，没有“选拔测试”的含义 compete v.竞争，角逐，参加比赛，争夺，比拼 compete against sb 与某人竞争 / 对抗 compete with sb 与某人竞争 compete for sth 为获得某物而竞争 compete in sth 参加（比赛、竞赛） competition n.比赛，竞赛，竞争 take part in a competition 参加比赛 competitor n.参赛者；竞争者，对手 main competitor 主要对手 competitive adj.竞争的，有竞争力的，好胜强的 competitive spirit 竞争精神 competitively adv.有竞争力地 易混辨析：compete /contest/race compete：（动词）泛指各类竞争、比赛，侧重人与人、队伍之间比拼，强调争夺胜利、奖品。多用于 compete in /for/against 搭配。 contest：可作名词、动词；多指演讲、才艺、选美这类评比竞赛。 race：名词 / 动词，专指速度类竞赛：赛跑、赛车、竞速。 unique adj.独一无二的，独特的，仅有的，罕见的，别具一格的 be unique to sb/sth 为……所特有，是……独有的 unique experience 独特的经历 uniquely adv.独特地，罕见地 uniquely important 极其重要 uniqueness n.独特性，独一无二 the uniqueness of culture 文化的独特性 易混辨析：unique /special/unusual unique：强调仅此一个、独一无二，没有别的可以与之等同，程度最强。 special：普通用词，意为“特别的，专门的”，侧重因重要、用途而与众不同，不一定是仅此一个。 unusual：侧重不常见的、异于平常的，和普通情况不一样，中性词，可以指好也可以指怪异。 语法小提醒：unique本身含义已经包含“独一无二”，不常用very/more 修饰；日常口语会见到 very unique，但书面尽量避免。 05 Homework Review the grammar learned in this class. Preview the text for the next class. See you in the next class! $