内容正文:
Z日天搞定中考英语·核心语法
Day 22
宾语从句(2)
必备语法清单
名
1.有关宾语从句的说明2.间接引语@
师讲语
语法要点有关宾语从句的说明
1.不能省略that的情况
(1)由并列连词连接的两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句,
只有第一个从句中的that可以省略,其余的that不可省略。
网知识拓展
The boy said (that)the game was very interesting and that all
it作形式宾语的
the students liked to play it.男孩说这个游戏非常有趣,所有
四种句型:
1.主语+及物动
的学生都喜欢玩它。
词+形式宾语it+
(2)that从句中又含有其他从句时,不可省略that。
宾语补足语+宾
语从句.
Studies show that if you are interested in something,your
2.主语+不及物
brain is more active.研究表明,如果你对某些事物感兴趣,
动词+介词+形
式宾语it+宾语
那么你的大脑会更活跃。
从句.
3.主语+及物动
(3)it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时,不可省略that。
词+形式宾语it+
He found it interesting that so many products in the local
介词短语+宾语
从句.
shops were made in China.他发现有趣的是,当地商店的许
4.主语+动词
多产品都是中国制造。
take/have+形式
宾语t+宾语从
(4)当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时,不可省
句.(主句中的
略that。
谓语动词是take
“认为,料想”
·I believe that what my father said will be helpful to me.我相
或have“表明,
信我父亲说的话会对我有帮助。
声称,坚持,听
说”,宾语是
(5)当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,不可省略that。
that引导的从句)
·I want to tell you that you are the best.我想告诉你,你是最
棒的。
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aDay22宾语M句(2)
2.宾语从句的否定前移
当主句是一般现在时,主语是第一人称I/we,主句谓语
列知识拓展
动词是表示“想;认为”等心理活动的动词,如think、believe、
否定不转移的
情况:
suppose等时,若后面的从句是否定句,从句的否定一般要转
1.主句的主语
移到主句中,即否定前移。其反意疑问句的人称和时态通常
是第二、三人
与宾语从句一致。
称时;
2.从句中含有
I don't think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to work at
no、hardly、never
night..我认为16岁的孩子不应该被允许在晚上工作。
seldom、few、little
·Idon't believe he is clever,ishe?我认为他不聪明,是不是?
等表示否定意
3.宾语从句的简化
义的词时。
(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动
词是know、remember、.learn、forget、tell等时,从句可简化为疑
问词加动词不定式。
He has forgotten how he can open the door.=He has forgotten
how to open the door..他已经忘了怎么开门了。
(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词
是hope、decide、agree、wish、promise等时,从句可简化为动词不
定式结构。
We agree that we should wear school uniforms at school.We
agree to wear school uniforms at school.我们赞同在学校穿
校服。
(3)当tell、ask、require等动词后面接双宾语,从句为直接宾
语,且从句的主语与间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问
词+不定式”结构。
Could you tell me how I can get to the airport?=Could you
tell me how to get to the airport?你能告诉我如何到机场吗?
(4)宾语从句有时也可简化为名词(短语)。
I'm really sorry for what I said.=I'm really sorry for my
words.我对我说的话深感抱歉。
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2日天搞定中考英语·核心语法。
网知识拓展
语法要点2间接引语@
能用作引述动
词的词通常有
1.直接引语和间接引语的特点
两种:
直接引语
间接引语
1.表示说话的
动词,如say、
转述别人的话,无须用原说话人或作
直接引用别人的原话,两
shout、suggest、
者所说或所写的原话,不用放在引号
swear、tell、wam、
边用引号隔开
acknowledge
内。大部分是宾语从句
add、admit、.agree、
有句子结构、人称、时态、时间状语
announce、answer.、
不进行任何改动
argue、ask等,
和地点状语等的变化
其中say最为
直接引语的第一个词的首
常用。
间接引语中that通常可省略
2.表示心智状
字母要大写
态,如信念、
.“Problems and worries are normal in life,.”says Laura.“困难
心智行为等思
维活动的动
和担忧在生活中是正常的,”劳拉说。(直接引语)
词,如assume、
→Laura says problems and worries are normal in life.劳拉说
believe、consider、
困难和担忧在生活中是正常的。(间接引语)
decide、determine,
discover、doubt、
2.直接引语和间接引语的相互转换
dream等。
直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语,间接引语
多以宾语从句的形式表现出来。转换时应注意句式、人称、
时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化,同时还应注意
方向性动词的变化。
(1)人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词的变化通常遵循
“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”的原则。
①一随主:引述动词的主语
·He said,“I'm going to keep on writing stories.”
→He said he was going to keep on writing stories.他说他将
继续写故事。(第一人称代词I与引述动词的主语he的人称
一致,变为he)
②二随宾:引述动词的宾语
·My mother told me,“You should keep your room clean..”
→My mother told me I should keep my room clean.我的妈妈
告诉我应该保持房间千净。(第二人称代词you、your与引
述动词的宾语me的人称一致,变为I、my)
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9Day22宾语M句(2)
③第三人称不更新:第三人称代词they/he/she/it不变
·Peter said sadly,“They'll probably never let me play again.”
>Peter said sadly that they would probably never let him play
again.彼得伤心地说,他们可能再也不会让他玩了。(第三
人称they没有发生变化)
(2)时态的变化
区温馨提示
①如果主句为过去的某种时态,则间接引语的时态应相应向
直接引语变为
前推一个时态,如下表所示:
间接引语时,
其动词的一般
直接引语
间接引语
示例
过去时通常变
Tom said,“I have class at eight.”
为过去完成
一般现在时
般过去时
→Tom said he had class at eight.汤姆说他
时,但有时也
可以不变。两
八点上课。
"I will teach you how to make a banana
种形式表达的
意义不同:一
milk shake,"she told me.
般过去时着重
般将来时
过去将来时
She told me that she would teach me how
于转述事实,
to make a banana milk shake.她告诉我,她
而过去完成时
会教我怎么做香蕉奶昔。
则强调引语中
He said,“I didn't recognize you..”
的动作先于引
般过去时
过去完成时
→He said that he hadn't recognized me.他
述动词的动作。
·“I was tired
说他没有认出我来。
and nervous from
He said,“She is working in the workshop.”
constant tension,”
现在进行时
过去进行时
>He said that she was working in the work-
said Kate.
shop.他说她正在车间工作。
→Kate said that
He said,“I've finished my homework.”
she was/had been
tired and nervous
现在完成时
过去完成时
>He said that he had finished his home-
from
constant
wok.他说他已经完成了他的家庭作业。
tension.凯特说
②引述动词的时态是一般现在时,直接引语变间接引语时,时
由于持续不断
的紧张,她很
态不变化。
累且精神不安。
·Lucy says,“I want to work in school.”
→Lucy says she wants to work in school..露西说她想在学校
工作。
③所转述的动作或状态在说话时仍在继续,并对此点加以强
调,直接引语变间接引语时,时态不变化。
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2日天搞定中考英语·核心语活。
·The boy said,“My English teacher is kind and friendly.”
->The boy said that his English teacher is kind and friendly.
男孩说他的英语老师很善良,也很友好。
④直接引语中的时态为过去完成时或过去完成进行时,直接引
语变间接引语时,时态不变化。
·He said,“I had finished my homework before9:00p.m.”
>He said that he had finished his homework before 9:00 p.m.
说他在晚上9:00前就完成了他的家庭作业。
⑤所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等,并对此加以强
调,直接引语变间接引语时,时态不变化。
·Our English teacher said,“Where there is a will,there is a way..”
-Our English teacher said that where there is a will,there is a
way.我们的英语老师说有志者事竟成。
(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
直接引语
间接引语
示例
指
this这个
that那个
My mother told me,"These photos
@知识拓展
示
were taken twenty years ago."
其他时间状语
My mother told me that those photos
these这些
those那些
的变化:last
词
were taken twenty years before.我的妈
night改为.the
妈告诉我那些照片是20年前拍的。
night before;
next week改为
直接引语
间接引语
示例
the next/following
now现在
then那时
James said,
“I'm now visiting
week;tomorrow
today今天
that day那天
Guizhou..”
改为the next/
following day;the
时
-James said (that)he was
this evening
that evening
day before yesterday
间
then visiting Guizhou..詹姆斯说
今晚
那天晚上
改为two days
状
他当时正在贵州游玩。
before;the day
语
the day before
Ann said,"I saw the film two
yesterday昨天
after
tomorrow
前一天
days ago.”
改为in two days'
>Ann said she had seen the
time或two days
two days ago
two days before
film two days before..安说她两
later
两天前
两天前
天前看过这部电影了。
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Day22宾语从句(2】
直接引语
间接引语
示例
区温馨提示
在说话的当
地
The girl said,"This is the first time I
时、当地转述
时,指示代词、
点
have been here.
、
时间状语、地
状
here这里
there那里
>The girl said thatthat was the first
点状语及方向
性动词等不变。
语
time she had been there.这个女孩说
·Dad:Alice,
we'll take a trip
那是她第一次到那里。
to Yunnan tomorrow
爸爸:爱丽丝,
直接引语
间接引语
示例
我们明天要去云
南旅行。
Alice:What did
方
My coach Mike told me,"I'd like you to
Daddy say just
向
come to the gym every evening."
now,
Mommy?
爱丽丝:妈妈,
性
come来到
g0去
My coach Mike told me that he
爸爸刚才说什么?
动
Mum:He said
(某地)
(某地)
would like me to go to the gym every
we'll take a trip to
词
evening.我的教练迈克告诉我,他希
Yunnan tomorrow.
妈妈:他说我
望我每天晚上都能去健身房。
们明天要去云南
旅行。
必考考点清
间接引语
◎名师讲考点
考点
间接引语
个空填would。
掌握度自评:☆☆☆☆☆
典例2(黔南州·中考)He said,“I
典例①(上海·中考)“When will we
am living with a British family now.
go to the VR experience center?"I
(改为间接引语)
asked the tour guide.(改为间接引语)
He said that
was living with a
I asked the tour guide
we
British family
go to the VR experience center.
答案he;then
答案when;would
解析此处为直接引语变间接引语,变
解粝此处为直接引语变间接引语。
换后的句子为包含宾语从句的主从复
根据asked可知,主句的时态为一般
合句。间接引语中的主语要与主句主
过去时,所以从句用相应的过去时态。
语的人称相对应,时间状语也要进行
结合题千中的wil可知,此处应用过
相应变化。
去将来时,故第一个空填when,第二
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