【周周有招】同步尖子班讲义第4讲Unit2 Inspiring People（名词性从句与完形逻辑-语法讲练）2026-2027学年九年级上册人教版英语

Unit 2 Inspiring People 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上）英语-新教材人教版 第4讲 名词性从句与完形逻辑 语法讲练（教师版） 语法与语篇技巧 ● 名词性从句引导词与完形五类逻辑关系 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Inspiring People 语法与语篇技巧课，建议用时 2 课时。第 1 课时攻克名词性从句引导词，第 2 课时练完形填空五类逻辑关系。 【学习目标】 1. 能说出名词性从句四类，并判断引导词。 2. 能用“三步定引导词”完成语法填空中的从句设空。 3. 能依据并列、递进、解释、顺序、时间五类逻辑关系选出完形答案。 【本讲导航】 本讲解决两类题：语法填空中的名词性从句引导词，完形填空中的逻辑关系题。核心方法只有一条：先看结构，再选词；先判逻辑，再选义。 板块一 撞墙热身 先动手做，别急着翻答案。做完这 6 题你会发现一个现象：有的空在考“从句用什么词引”，有的空根本不在考从句——它考的是前后两句话怎么接上。这两类题，正是这一讲要拆开练的。 1 It is important ______ I make new friends. 2 I am curious about ______ my first impression of high school will be. 3 I am not sure ______ else awaits me in the future. 4 Tai chi brings about a state of body balance and peace of ______. A. world　　B. mind　　C. life　　D. thought 5 The wallpaper became popular on the Internet suddenly. ______ famous designers asked for it. A. Even　　B. So　　C. But　　D. Or 6 I am not sure ______ I should join the debate team or the drama club. A. that　　B. whether　　C. what　　D. how 【答案与解析】 1 that。It 是形式主语，真正主语是后面整个从句；从句主谓宾齐全、一个不缺，用只起连接作用的 that。 2 what。about 后是宾语从句，my first impression will be 缺表语——“我的第一印象会是什么样”，这个“什么样”就是 what。 3 what。sure 后宾语从句缺主语，else 前缺“什么”，what else 还有什么。 4 B。peace of mind 固定搭配“内心平静”，和 body balance 身体平衡正好成一组。world、life、thought 均不能与 peace of 构成这个固定表达。 5 A。Even 表递进“甚至”：海报火到什么程度？甚至著名设计师来问。So 若作“所以”，上文缺“因”，立不住；So many 里的 so 只是程度副词，不是连词。 6 B。whether...or... 在“两个选项里选一个”，与 or 呼应，填 whether。 板块二 核心语法精讲：名词性从句 名词性从句难不在背定义，而在“这个空该填什么词”。记住：引导词不是凭语感蒙的，是凭“从句里缺了什么”定的。 登顶班拓展：九年级常规以宾语从句为主，主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句为高阶拓展。 一、先认准从句类型 四类从句，先看它在句子里顶什么位置： ● 主语从句：What you need is a good night's sleep.——从句顶着“主语”的位置。 ● 宾语从句：I don't know whom you are talking about.——从句顶着“宾语”的位置。 ● 表语从句：That's what they'll promote.——从句跟在系动词后，顶“表语”。 ● 同位语从句：The fact that high school is a time of great change is exciting.——从句解释 fact 的内容。 判断类型不用死记，只问一句：这个从句在句子里替谁站岗？替主语站岗就是主语从句，替宾语站岗就是宾语从句。 二、三步定引导词 落笔前先做一步准备——划从句边界：找到主句谓语，再看引导词或第二个谓语，把“从句从哪开始、到哪结束”圈出来。边界划错了，后面全错。 错误路径演示 I know what he said. 若只盯着 he said 完整就填 that，就错了。what 在从句里作 said 的宾语，从句缺“东西”，所以用 what。 第 1 步——定类型：这个从句在句子里是主语、宾语、表语还是同位语？ 第 2 步——判成分：看从句里缺什么——缺主语、缺宾语、缺定语、缺状语，还是什么都不缺、只表“是否”。 第 3 步——选引导词：缺什么就用什么。 判断口诀：缺“东西”用 what；缺“谁”用 who/whom；缺“哪一个”用 which；缺“谁的”用 whose；什么都不缺用 that；表“是否”用 whether；缺时间、地点、原因、方式，分别用 when/where/why/how。 边界划分训练 划出主句谓语、从句起点和终点，并判断从句缺什么。 1 I know what he said. 2 The fact that high school is a time of great change is exciting. 答案与解析 1 主句谓语 know；从句 what he said 作 know 的宾语；what 作 said 的宾语，从句缺“东西”。 2 主句谓语 is；从句 that high school is a time of great change 解释 fact 的内容，作同位语从句；从句完整，不缺成分。 三、四个高频雷区 雷区 1：what 与 that what 在从句里要作成分、有实义（“……的东西”）；that 不作任何成分、没实义，只是把从句接到主句上。判断只有一句：从句缺成分用 what，什么都不缺用 that。 错误路径：I know he said. said 后没有宾语，缺“东西”，填 what。一填 that 成了 I know that he said，句子结构虽然通，但“said 什么”没交代，语义悬空。 雷区 2：whether 与 if 宾语从句里两者大多能互换；但主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句，只用 whether。看到 or not、不定式前、介词后，一律 whether。 错误路径：It is not a problem whether we can win. 主语从句，只能用 whether。用 if 是硬伤——if 不当主语从句的引路词。 雷区 3：形式主语 it is...that... It is important that... / It is a pity that... 把真正的主语从句挪到后面，用 it 在前面顶着。 还原演示：It is important that I make new friends. → That I make new friends is important. 错误路径：It is important I make new friends. 从句完整、不缺成分，误填 what 就错了，该填 that。看到 It is + 形容词/名词 + that + 完整句子，基本就是 it 作形式主语、that 引真正主语。 雷区 4：whatever、whoever 等复合词 whatever = anything that（任何……的东西），whoever = any person who（任何……的人），它们在从句里作成分。 要注意：whatever/whoever 既能引导名词性从句，也能引导让步状语从句。作“任何……的东西/人”时是名词性从句；作“无论……”时是让步状语从句。 错误路径：Whatever their backgrounds may be, I will make friends with them. their backgrounds may be 已经完整、不缺成分，不是名词性从句，而是让步状语从句“无论他们的背景如何”，用 whatever。 板块三 语法实战：三步定引导词 一、单句语法填空 1 I am curious about ______ my teachers will be like. 2 I am not sure ______ advice I should take about my future career. 3 I am wondering ______ the best place to volunteer is. 4 The fact ______ high school is a time of great change is exciting. 5 I am unsure ______ I will join the debate team or the drama club. 6 I am looking forward to meeting ______ can help me with my studies. 7 It is important ______ I make new friends, ______ their backgrounds may be. 8 I will do ______ it takes to succeed in high school. 9 I don't know ______ you are talking about. 10 ______ you need is a good night's sleep. 11 It's a pity ______ she can't join us for the camping trip. 12 I will tell you ______ I know about the situation. 13 It is necessary ______ we plan our activities carefully. 14 I am learning ______ to balance my studies with my social life. 15 It's important for teenagers to know ______ they want to go in life. 【答案与解析】 1 what。be like 后缺宾语——“老师们会是什么样”，这个“什么样”就是 what。 2 whose。advice 前缺一个“谁的”，谁的忠告，填 whose。 3 where。is 后缺地点(表语)——“最合适的志愿地点在哪儿”，填 where。 4 that。fact 后接同位语从句，说明“事实的内容”；从句完整，用 that。 5 whether。whether...or...，在两个选项里选一个，填 whether。 6 whoever。从句缺主语，且“能帮助我的人”是任何人，填 whoever。 7 that; whatever。前半句形式主语、从句完整用 that；后半句 their backgrounds may be 完整，让步“无论背景如何”，用 whatever。 8 whatever。it takes 缺宾语——“做任何成功需要的事”，填 whatever。 9 whom。about 后缺宾语、且指人，填 whom。 10 What。主语从句缺宾语，“你需要的（东西）”，句首大写 What。 11 that。It 形式主语，从句完整，that 引真主语。 12 what。tell you 后为宾语从句；I know about the situation 缺宾语，指“我知道的情况”，用 what。 13 that。It 形式主语，从句完整，用 that。 14 how。how + 不定式，“怎么平衡”，疑问词 how 引不定式作宾语。 15 where。go 后面缺地点，“人生要往哪儿走”，用 where。 二、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个合适的单词。 The fact 1. ______ I am starting high school is exciting. It is important that I make new friends, 2. ______ their backgrounds may be, as I start this new chapter in my life. Meanwhile, I am curious about 3. ______ the future holds for me, and I am learning 4. ______ to balance my studies with my social life. I am also aware 5. ______ I need to discover 6. ______ subjects I am passionate about, and I am trying to decide 7. ______ extracurricular activities will best suit my interests. Furthermore, I am determined to understand 8. ______ it is crucial to develop good study habits early on, and I am committed to finding out 9. ______ I can best prepare myself for the challenges that lie ahead. I'm not sure 10. ______ else awaits me in the future, but I am ready to accept 11. ______ challenges come my way. 【答案与解析】 1 that。the fact 后同位语从句，说明“事实的内容”，从句完整，用 that。 2 whatever。their backgrounds may be 完整，让步“无论背景如何”，用 whatever。 3 what。holds 后缺宾语——“未来为我准备了什么”，用 what。 4 how。how to balance，“怎么平衡”，疑问词 + 不定式。 5 that。aware 后宾语从句完整，用 that。 6 what。discover 后缺宾语，“我热爱的学科（是哪些）”，what subjects。 7 which。activities 前缺定语“哪些”，用 which。 8 why。understand 后从句缺原因，“为什么培养好习惯至关重要”，用 why。 9 how。finding out 后缺方式，“怎么最好地准备自己”，用 how。 10 what。sure 后缺宾语，else 前缺“什么”，用 what。 11 whatever。accept 后缺宾语，whatever challenges 任何挑战。 板块四 完形填空逻辑关系精讲 完形不考词义背诵，考的是“上下文怎么把答案推出来”。五种逻辑关系，就是五条推力。每读到一个空，先问一句：这句话跟前文是什么关系？同一信号词可能跨类，以语境逻辑为准。 考点 1 并列关系 信号词：and、also、too、as well as、both...and... 怎么判断：空位和它前后站的是同一档次的东西——词性相同、语义方向一致，答案跟着并列对象走。 1 Finally, tai chi brings about a state of body balance and peace of ______. A. world　　B. mind　　C. life　　D. thought 【答案】B 【解析】peace of mind 固定搭配“内心平静”，与 body balance 身体平衡成对出现，一前一后。world、life、thought 均不能与 peace of 构成“内心平静”的固定表达。 考点 2 递进关系 信号词：even、besides、what's more、moreover、furthermore、not only...but also... 怎么判断：后一句比前一句再进一步，顺着“更”字的方向往前拱，不回头。 2 To her surprise, the wallpaper became popular on the Internet suddenly. ______ famous designers asked for it. A. Even　　B. So　　C. But　　D. Or 【答案】A 【解析】Even“甚至”把“受欢迎”推到极致——火到什么程度？甚至著名设计师来问。So 若作“所以”，前句虽可作原因，但本题语境强调“火到连设计师都来问”，递进义更强；且 So many 易造成程度副词误读，故排除。But 表转折，Or 表选择，均不符合。 考点 3 解释关系 信号词：for example、such as、that is、in other words、actually；冒号、破折号后也常是解释。 怎么判断：答案往往不用猜，冒号、破折号、举例词后面已经把话说死了，照它填。 3 Mom had to make a ______: rush into the cars or turn onto the sidewalk. A. plan　　B. list　　C. choice　　D. mistake 【答案】C 【解析】冒号后摆出两个选项——冲进车里还是转上人行道，这是“二选一”，make a choice。plan、list、mistake 均不能与冒号后的“二选一”形成解释关系。 考点 4 顺序关系 信号词：first、then、next、at first、at last、after that 怎么判断：动作有先后，信号词给顺序，先发生的在先、后发生的在后。 4 Miss Marvel asked lots of questions and the students described all the ______ of the cat. Then, she told them to open their books and write down what the cat did in the simple past tense. A. sounds　　B. actions　　C. feelings　　D. expressions 【答案】B 【解析】Then 提示先后：先描述“猫做了什么”，再写下来。后句 write down what the cat did 反过来印证前面说的是“动作”，actions。sounds、feelings、expressions 都不能与“write down what the cat did”形成动作呼应。 考点 5 时间关系 信号词：before、until、when、while、after、since 怎么判断：看动作落在时间轴的哪个时点，先后错位一毫就选错。 5 “What about having lunch together?” ______ Ted could say anything, Mike added, “Of course, my treat.” A. After　　B. Until　　C. When　　D. Before 【答案】D 【解析】Before：Ted 还没来得及开口，Mike 已经补了一句，先后关系一目了然。After 表示在……之后，Until 表示直到……为止，When 表示当……时，均不符合“还没来得及”的语境。 板块五 完形实战：五类逻辑关系训练 并列关系 1 Humor is part of human nature. Everyone has the ability to enjoy ______ and laughter, no matter who they are. A. movies　　B. books　　C. sports　　D. jokes 【答案】D　【解析】空位和 laughter 并列，能和“笑声”一起被 enjoy 的同类，只有 jokes。 2 After two months' running, I began to eat in a ______ way, sleep better, feel more relaxed, and more able to deal with everyday stresses. A. free　　B. proper　　C. direct　　D. terrible 【答案】B　【解析】sleep better、feel more relaxed 一水的正向结果，空位也该是正向——proper way，恰当的方式。 3 Good study habits help us focus in class, remember information, and ______ time. A. waste　　B. manage　　C. lose　　D. kill 【答案】B　【解析】focus、remember、manage 三件并列，都是“好习惯带来的好事”，管理时间。 递进关系 4 When he plays tai chi, he can feel more relaxed and breathe better. Besides, he ______ drinking icy water after doing sports. A. likes　　B. keeps　　C. avoids　　D. suggests 【答案】C　【解析】Besides 递进补充，前头都是健康好习惯，后面这条也不能跑偏——avoid 避开冰水，才对得上。 5 If we face a creative block, the organized steps of completing a task may encourage our creativity. What's more, after completing a task, we can often get a sense of ______. A. humor　　B. beauty　　C. fashion　　D. achievement 【答案】D　【解析】What's more 递进，完成一件任务带来的，是“成就感”，achievement。 6 Reading widely not only improves vocabulary but also ______ our thinking. A. limits　　B. shapes　　C. stops　　D. copies 【答案】B　【解析】not only...but also... 递进，读得多不是限制而是“塑造”思维，shapes。 解释关系 7 Sometimes, the path to be more creative is not to follow others. ______ we can add tomato sauces instead of sugar or milk to coffee. A. As usual　　B. So far　　C. For example　　D. Above all 【答案】C　【解析】后句“往咖啡里加番茄酱”是“不走寻常路”的具体例子，For example。 8 Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed a lot by 3D printing. It has already ______ many things in our lives. For example, some restaurants have served 3D-printed hamburgers. A. wasted　　B. tested　　C. influenced　　D. separated 【答案】C　【解析】For example 后“3D 打印汉堡”是前句的例证——打印已“影响”生活很多方面，influenced。 9 Volunteering can teach us teamwork. ______ we learn to listen to others and share responsibilities. A. In other words　　B. By the way　　C. As a result　　D. At least 【答案】A　【解析】后句把前句换了个说法再说一遍，In other words“换句话说”。 顺序关系 10 “I thought someone had sent a wrong message,” the father said. “But after reading it again, I found out the sender must be in trouble.” A. Since then　　B. Till now　　C. At last　　D. At first 【答案】D　【解析】But 一转折，后面“重读之后发现”，开头自然是“起初”以为是错发——At first。 11 After continuous improvement, a round compass with a tiny magnetized needle was invented. Then it was ______ to Europe during the Northern Song Dynasty. A. borrowed　　B. pushed　　C. returned　　D. introduced 【答案】D　【解析】Then 表先后，指南针“传入”欧洲，introduced。 12 First, wash the vegetables. ______, cut them into small pieces. A. However　　B. Then　　C. Instead　　D. Besides 【答案】B　【解析】First...Then... 一个动作接一个，先后顺序。 时间关系 13 When you drink cold water, your teeth may have a(n) ______ feeling. If you've ever experienced this feeling, you may have sensitive teeth. A. uncomfortable　　B. unfair　　C. hot　　D. funny 【答案】A　【解析】喝冰水、敏感牙，体验到的自然是“不舒服的”感觉，uncomfortable。 14 After the smaller dolphins were saved, none of them left. After we ______ the rescue work, all the dolphins raised their heads and swam around to show their thanks. A. finished　　B. started　　C. closed　　D. tried 【答案】A　【解析】“海豚抬头致谢”发生在救援完成之后，After we finished。 15 ______ you finish your homework, you can go out to play. A. Until　　B. Since　　C. After　　D. Although 【答案】C　【解析】After 表示时间先后：先完成作业，再出去玩。Until 表示直到……为止，Since 表示自从，Although 表示虽然，均不符合。 板块六 分层过关 过关题分三档，从易到难各做一遍：基础层考识别，中档层考应用，挑战层把两类题合一篇语篇。 基础层 信号词归类 把下列信号词归到对应的逻辑关系下： and、even、for example、first、before、what's more、then、actually、moreover、at last 并列：____________ 递进：____________ 解释：____________ 顺序：____________ 时间：____________ 【答案】并列：and；递进：even、what's more、moreover；解释：for example、actually；顺序：first、then、at last；时间：before。 中档层 从句引导词填空 1 ______ he said at the meeting made us think. 2 I wonder ______ it is true or not. 3 The problem is ______ we can get there on time. 4 Please tell me ______ you went last Sunday. 5 ______ you like it or not doesn't matter. 6 I don't know ______ you are looking for. 7 I will do ______ it takes to succeed. 8 It is important ______ we make new friends. 答案与解析 1 What。主语从句缺宾语，“他在会上说的话”，What。 2 whether。与 or not 连用，whether。 3 whether。表语从句问“是否”，whether。 4 where。从句缺地点状语，where。 5 Whether。主语从句表“是否”，只能用 whether——if 不能引主语从句。 6 whom。for 后缺宾语、指人，whom。 7 whatever。缺宾语，“任何成功需要的事”。 8 that。It 形式主语，从句完整，that。 挑战层 完形逻辑判断 Learning to draw is like learning to see. At 1. ______, everything looks hard. But 2. ______ a few weeks of practice, your eyes start to catch shapes you missed. Then you learn to 3. ______ what you see. Drawing is 4. ______ relaxing and it trains focus. It is 5. ______ drawing a picture, but drawing your feelings. For example, when you draw a tree, you may 6. ______ the wind in its branches. What's more, drawing helps you 7. ______ your own world. First, you look carefully. 8. ______ you choose lines and colors. 9. ______ you finish, you may find you have changed. So drawing is not only a skill 10. ______ a way to see. 1. A. first　　B. last　　C. moment　　D. present 2. A. before　　B. after　　C. since　　D. until 3. A. forget　　B. miss　　C. catch　　D. draw 4. A. because　　B. but　　C. so　　D. and 5. A. not　　B. like　　C. more than　　D. less than 6. A. remember　　B. lose　　C. waste　　D. hide 7. A. copy　　B. create　　C. close　　D. break 8. A. Then　　B. However　　C. Instead　　D. Otherwise 9. A. Before　　B. Until　　C. When　　D. Since 10. A. and　　B. but　　C. or　　D. so 答案与解析 1 A。At first 起初，跟后文 But after 一先一后，转折开场。 2 B。after a few weeks 几周之后，与 at first 呼应，时间推移。 3 D。Then 顺承，上句“眼睛抓住了形状”，这句“把看到的画下来”，draw。 4 C。so 在此作程度副词“如此、这么”：画画如此让人放松，还训练专注。若填 and，Drawing is and relaxing 结构断裂、不成句，故排除。 5 A。not...but... 不是……而是……，下句“画你的感受”正好接“不是画图”。 6 A。画一棵树，你可能“想起”风在枝间——回忆画面，remember。 7 B。What's more 递进，画画帮你“创造”自己的世界，create。 8 A。First...Then... 顺序，先仔细看，再选线配色。 9 C。When 时间，画完的那一刻，你发现自己变了。 10 B。not only...but also... 不仅……而且……。 错因归因表 错题号 错因类型 对应方法 引导词成分误判 划边界→定类型→判成分→选引导词 逻辑关系误判 先判逻辑，再选义；找信号词 固定搭配误判 积累高频搭配，如 peace of mind 干扰项未排除 逐项代入，看语义和逻辑是否一致 板块七 带走型收尾 引导三步法速记 1 缺“东西”用 what；缺“谁”用 who/whom；缺“哪一个”用 which；缺“谁的”用 whose。 2 什么都不缺用 that；表“是否”用 whether。 3 缺时间、地点、原因、方式，分别用 when/where/why/how。 完形逻辑信号词速记 and 并列 / even 递进 / for example 解释 / then 顺序 / before、after 时间 本讲自检 □ 能说出四类名词性从句，并判断引导词。 □ 能用三步法填对语法填空的从句设空。 □ 能识别完形五类逻辑关系并据此选词。 课后作业 课后两题独立完成：作业一练从句引导词，作业二练完形逻辑。用本讲的方法——一划边界、判成分、选引导词；读空先问它跟前文是什么关系。 作业一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，填入一个合适的单词（每空一词）。 Last week I took part in a speech contest. The reason 1. ______ I joined was simple—I wanted to push myself. Before the contest, I kept asking 2. ______ I could possibly remember every line. My coach told me 3. ______ I just needed to be myself. 4. ______ she said gave me confidence. On the day, the audience was so large 5. ______ my legs almost shook. But when I began, I forgot 6. ______ nervous I had been. At last I won the first prize. 7. ______ surprised me most was 8. ______ the judge praised me for my courage, not my perfect English. I realized 9. ______ true confidence comes from within, and that is 10. ______ I will always keep in mind. 答案与解析 1 why。reason 后缺原因，“我参加的原因”，why。本空考的是定语从句关系词，不是名词性从句。 2 how。how I could possibly remember，“怎么可能记住”，缺方式。 3 that。told me 后宾语从句完整，that。 4 What。主语从句缺主语，“她说的话给了我信心”，What。 5 that。so...that... 如此……以至于……，结果状语从句，不是名词性从句。 6 how。how nervous I had been，感叹式宾语从句，“我有多紧张”。 7 What。主语从句缺主语，“最让我惊讶的是”，What。 8 that。表语从句完整，that。 9 that。realize 后宾语从句完整，that。 10 what。表语从句缺宾语，“我一直记在心里的（东西）”，what。 作业二 完形逻辑 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Learning from Inspiring People Inspiring people are all around us. They may be scientists, teachers, 1. ______ they may be our classmates. They share one quality: they never give up. 2. ______, they always keep a positive attitude. When we face difficulties, we can think of them. 3. ______, their stories encourage us to keep going. 4. ______, we should set a clear goal. 5. ______, we need to take action step by step. 6. ______ we meet problems, we should not run away. 7. ______ we solve them, we feel more confident. What's more, helping others can also inspire us. 8. ______, volunteering at a community center teaches us responsibility. 9. ______, we can become better people. In other words, inspiration is not only about receiving 10. ______ about giving. 1. A. so　　B. but　　C. and　　D. or 2. A. However　　B. For example　　C. At first　　D. What's more 3. A. For example　　B. However　　C. Instead　　D. At last 4. A. Then　　B. First　　C. However　　D. Besides 5. A. But　　B. Or　　C. Then　　D. So 6. A. Before　　B. Until　　C. Since　　D. When 7. A. After　　B. Before　　C. Until　　D. While 8. A. However　　B. For example　　C. At first　　D. In the end 9. A. However　　B. Instead　　C. Moreover　　D. Otherwise 10. A. but　　B. and　　C. or　　D. so 答案与解析 1 C。并列关系。They may be scientists, teachers, and they may be our classmates. 前后是同一层次的列举，用 and。 2 D。递进关系。前句说“从不放弃”，后句“总是保持积极态度”，进一步补充，用 What's more。 3 A。解释关系。前句说“想想他们”，后句“他们的故事鼓励我们坚持”，是具体例证，用 For example。 4 B。顺序关系。后文有 Then，此处为第一步，用 First。 5 C。顺序关系。与上句 First 呼应，第二步用 Then。 6 D。时间关系。“当我们遇到问题时”，用 When。 7 A。时间关系。“解决之后，我们更自信”，用 After。 8 B。解释关系。前句“帮助他人也能激励我们”，后句“在社区中心做志愿者教我们责任”，是具体例子，用 For example。 9 C。递进关系。前句说“教我们责任”，后句“我们能成为更好的人”，进一步推进，用 Moreover。 10 A。并列关系。not only...but also... 固定搭配，用 but。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 2 Inspiring People 精品讲义2026秋九年级(上)英语-新教材人教版 第4讲 名词性从句与完形逻辑 语法讲练(学生版) 语法与语篇技巧 名词性从句引导词与完形五类逻辑关系 ———————————————————— 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Inspiring People 语法与语篇技巧课,建议用时 2 课时。第 1 课时攻克名词性从句引导词,第 2 课时练完形填空五类逻辑关系。 【学习目标】 1. 能说出名词性从句四类,并判断引导词。 2. 能用“三步定引导词”完成语法填空中的从句设空。 3. 能依据并列、递进、解释、顺序、时间五类逻辑关系选出完形答案。 【本讲导航】 本讲解决两类题:语法填空中的名词性从句引导词,完形填空中的逻辑关系题。核心方法只有一条:先看结构,再选词;先判逻辑,再选义。 板块一 撞墙热身 先动手做,别急着翻答案。做完这 6 题你会发现一个现象:有的空在考“从句用什么词引”,有的空根本不在考从句——它考的是前后两句话怎么接上。这两类题,正是这一讲要拆开练的。 1 It is important I make new friends. 2 I am curious about my first impression of high school will be. 3 I am not sure else awaits me in the future. 4 Tai chi brings about a state of body balance and peace of . A. world B. mind C. life D. thought 5 The wallpaper became popular on the Internet suddenly. famous designers asked for it. A. Even B. So C. But D. Or 6 I am not sure I should join the debate team or the drama club. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 【作答区】把 6 道题的答案写在横线上: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 板块二 核心语法精讲:名词性从句 名词性从句难不在背定义,而在“这个空该填什么词”。记住:引导词不是凭语感蒙的,是凭“从句里缺了什么”定的。 登顶班拓展:九年级常规以宾语从句为主,主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句为高阶拓展。 一、先认准从句类型 四类从句,先看它在句子里顶什么位置: 主语从句:What you need is a good night's sleep.——从句顶着“主语”的位置。 宾语从句:I don't know whom you are talking about.——从句顶着“宾语”的位置。 表语从句:That's what they'll promote.——从句跟在系动词后,顶“表语”。 同位语从句:The fact that high school is a time of great change is exciting.——从句解释 fact 的内容。 判断类型不用死记,只问一句:这个从句在句子里替谁站岗?替主语站岗就是主语从句,替宾语站岗就是宾语从句。 二、三步定引导词 落笔前先做一步准备——划从句边界:找到主句谓语,再看引导词或第二个谓语,把“从句从哪开始、到哪结束”圈出来。边界划错了,后面全错。 错误路径:I know what he said. 若只盯着 he said 完整就填 that,就错了。what 在从句里作 said 的宾语,从句缺“东西”,所以用 what。 第 1 步——定类型:这个从句在句子里是主语、宾语、表语还是同位语? 第 2 步——判成分:看从句里缺什么——缺主语、缺宾语、缺定语、缺状语,还是什么都不缺、只表“是否”。 第 3 步——选引导词:缺什么就用什么。 判断口诀:缺“东西”用 what;缺“谁”用 who/whom;缺“哪一个”用 which;缺“谁的”用 whose;什么都不缺用 that;表“是否”用 whether;缺时间、地点、原因、方式,分别用 when/where/why/how。 边界划分训练 划出主句谓语、从句起点和终点,并判断从句缺什么。 1 I know what he said. 2 The fact that high school is a time of great change is exciting. 【作答区】把你的划分结果写下来: ① 主句谓语: 从句起点到终点: 从句缺: ② 主句谓语: 从句起点到终点: 从句缺: 三、四个高频雷区 雷区 1:what 与 that what 在从句里要作成分、有实义(“……的东西”);that 不作任何成分、没实义,只是把从句接到主句上。判断只有一句:从句缺成分用 what,什么都不缺用 that。 错误路径:I know he said. said 后没有宾语,缺“东西”,填 what。一填 that 成了 I know that he said,句子结构虽然通,但“said 什么”没交代,语义悬空。 雷区 2:whether 与 if 宾语从句里两者大多能互换;但主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句,只用 whether。看到 or not、不定式前、介词后,一律 whether。 错误路径:It is not a problem whether we can win. 主语从句,只能用 whether。用 if 是硬伤——if 不当主语从句的引路词。 雷区 3:形式主语 it isthat It is important that / It is a pity that 把真正的主语从句挪到后面,用 it 在前面顶着。 还原演示:It is important that I make new friends. That I make new friends is important. 错误路径:It is important I make new friends. 从句完整、不缺成分,误填 what 就错了,该填 that。看到 It is + 形容词/名词 + that + 完整句子,基本就是 it 作形式主语、that 引真正主语。 雷区 4:whatever、whoever 等复合词 whatever = anything that(任何……的东西),whoever = any person who(任何……的人),它们在从句里作成分。 要注意:whatever/whoever 既能引导名词性从句,也能引导让步状语从句。作“任何……的东西/人”时是名词性从句;作“无论……”时是让步状语从句。 错误路径:Whatever their backgrounds may be, I will make friends with them. their backgrounds may be 已经完整、不缺成分,不是名词性从句,而是让步状语从句“无论他们的背景如何”,用 whatever。 板块三 语法实战:三步定引导词 一、单句语法填空 划边界 定类型 判成分 选引导词,把答案直接填在横线上。 1 I am curious about my teachers will be like. 2 I am not sure advice I should take about my future career. 3 I am wondering the best place to volunteer is. 4 The fact high school is a time of great change is exciting. 5 I am unsure I will join the debate team or the drama club. 6 I am looking forward to meeting can help me with my studies. 7 It is important I make new friends, their backgrounds may be. 8 I will do it takes to succeed in high school. 9 I don't know you are talking about. 10 you need is a good night's sleep. 11 It's a pity she can't join us for the camping trip. 12 I will tell you I know about the situation. 13 It is necessary we plan our activities carefully. 14 I am learning to balance my studies with my social life. 15 It's important for teenagers to know they want to go in life. 二、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个合适的单词。 The fact 1. I am starting high school is exciting. It is important that I make new friends, 2. their backgrounds may be, as I start this new chapter in my life. Meanwhile, I am curious about 3. the future holds for me, and I am learning 4. to balance my studies with my social life. I am also aware 5. I need to discover 6. subjects I am passionate about, and I am trying to decide 7. extracurricular activities will best suit my interests. Furthermore, I am determined to understand 8. it is crucial to develop good study habits early on, and I am committed to finding out 9. I can best prepare myself for the challenges that lie ahead. I'm not sure 10. else awaits me in the future, but I am ready to accept 11. challenges come my way. 板块四 完形填空逻辑关系精讲 完形不考词义背诵,考的是“上下文怎么把答案推出来”。五种逻辑关系,就是五条推力。每读到一个空,先问一句:这句话跟前文是什么关系?同一信号词可能跨类,以语境逻辑为准。 考点 1 并列关系 信号词:and、also、too、as well as、bothand 怎么判断:空位和它前后站的是同一档次的东西——词性相同、语义方向一致,答案跟着并列对象走。 1 Finally, tai chi brings about a state of body balance and peace of . A. world B. mind C. life D. thought 我的判断:第 1 题 考点 2 递进关系 信号词:even、besides、what's more、moreover、furthermore、not onlybut also 怎么判断:后一句比前一句再进一步,顺着“更”字的方向往前拱,不回头。 2 To her surprise, the wallpaper became popular on the Internet suddenly. famous designers asked for it. A. Even B. So C. But D. Or 我的判断:第 2 题 考点 3 解释关系 信号词:for example、such as、that is、in other words、actually;冒号、破折号后也常是解释。 怎么判断:答案往往不用猜,冒号、破折号、举例词后面已经把话说死了,照它填。 3 Mom had to make a : rush into the cars or turn onto the sidewalk. A. plan B. list C. choice D. mistake 我的判断:第 3 题 考点 4 顺序关系 信号词:first、then、next、at first、at last、after that 怎么判断:动作有先后,信号词给顺序,先发生的在先、后发生的在后。 4 Miss Marvel asked lots of questions and the students described all the of the cat. Then, she told them to open their books and write down what the cat did in the simple past tense. A. sounds B. actions C. feelings D. expressions 我的判断:第 4 题 考点 5 时间关系 信号词:before、until、when、while、after、since 怎么判断:看动作落在时间轴的哪个时点,先后错位一毫就选错。 5 “What about having lunch together?” Ted could say anything, Mike added, “Of course, my treat.” A. After B. Until C. When D. Before 我的判断:第 5 题 板块五 完形实战:五类逻辑关系训练 并列关系 1 Humor is part of human nature. Everyone has the ability to enjoy and laughter, no matter who they are. A. movies B. books C. sports D. jokes 2 After two months' running, I began to eat in a way, sleep better, feel more relaxed, and more able to deal with everyday stresses. A. free B. proper C. direct D. terrible 3 Good study habits help us focus in class, remember information, and time. A. waste B. manage C. lose D. kill 并列 ① ② ③ 递进关系 4 When he plays tai chi, he can feel more relaxed and breathe better. Besides, he drinking icy water after doing sports. A. likes B. keeps C. avoids D. suggests 5 If we face a creative block, the organized steps of completing a task may encourage our creativity. What's more, after completing a task, we can often get a sense of . A. humor B. beauty C. fashion D. achievement 6 Reading widely not only improves vocabulary but also our thinking. A. limits B. shapes C. stops D. copies 递进 ④ ⑤ ⑥ 解释关系 7 Sometimes, the path to be more creative is not to follow others. we can add tomato sauces instead of sugar or milk to coffee. A. As usual B. So far C. For example D. Above all 8 Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed a lot by 3D printing. It has already many things in our lives. For example, some restaurants have served 3D-printed hamburgers. A. wasted B. tested C. influenced D. separated 9 Volunteering can teach us teamwork. we learn to listen to others and share responsibilities. A. In other words B. By the way C. As a result D. At least 解释 ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ 顺序关系 10 “I thought someone had sent a wrong message,” the father said. “But after reading it again, I found out the sender must be in trouble.” A. Since then B. Till now C. At last D. At first 11 After continuous improvement, a round compass with a tiny magnetized needle was invented. Then it was to Europe during the Northern Song Dynasty. A. borrowed B. pushed C. returned D. introduced 12 First, wash the vegetables. , cut them into small pieces. A. However B. Then C. Instead D. Besides 顺序 ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ 时间关系 13 When you drink cold water, your teeth may have a(n) feeling. If you've ever experienced this feeling, you may have sensitive teeth. A. uncomfortable B. unfair C. hot D. funny 14 After the smaller dolphins were saved, none of them left. After we the rescue work, all the dolphins raised their heads and swam around to show their thanks. A. finished B. started C. closed D. tried 15 you finish your homework, you can go out to play. A. Until B. Since C. After D. Although 时间 ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ 板块六 分层过关 过关题分三档,从易到难各做一遍:基础层考识别,中档层考应用,挑战层把两类题合一篇语篇。 基础层 信号词归类 把下列信号词归到对应的逻辑关系下: and、even、for example、first、before、what's more、then、actually、moreover、at last 并列: 递进: 解释: 顺序: 时间: 中档层 从句引导词填空 划边界 判成分 选引导词,把答案填在横线上。 1 he said at the meeting made us think. 2 I wonder it is true or not. 3 The problem is we can get there on time. 4 Please tell me you went last Sunday. 5 you like it or not doesn't matter. 6 I don't know you are looking for. 7 I will do it takes to succeed. 8 It is important we make new friends. 挑战层 完形逻辑判断 Learning to draw is like learning to see. At 1. , everything looks hard. But 2. a few weeks of practice, your eyes start to catch shapes you missed. Then you learn to 3. what you see. Drawing is 4. relaxing and it trains focus. It is 5. drawing a picture, but drawing your feelings. For example, when you draw a tree, you may 6. the wind in its branches. What's more, drawing helps you 7. your own world. First, you look carefully. 8. you choose lines and colors. 9. you finish, you may find you have changed. So drawing is not only a skill 10. a way to see. 1. A. first B. last C. moment D. present 2. A. before B. after C. since D. until 3. A. forget B. miss C. catch D. draw 4. A. because B. but C. so D. and 5. A. not B. like C. more than D. less than 6. A. remember B. lose C. waste D. hide 7. A. copy B. create C. close D. break 8. A. Then B. However C. Instead D. Otherwise 9. A. Before B. Until C. When D. Since 10. A. and B. but C. or D. so 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 错因归因表(做错后回填自查) 错题号 错因类型 对应方法 引导词成分误判 划边界 定类型 判成分 选引导词 逻辑关系误判 先判逻辑,再选义;找信号词 固定搭配误判 积累高频搭配,如 peace of mind 干扰项未排除 逐项代入,看语义和逻辑是否一致 板块七 带走型收尾 引导三步法速记 1 缺“东西”用 what;缺“谁”用 who/whom;缺“哪一个”用 which;缺“谁的”用 whose。 2 什么都不缺用 that;表“是否”用 whether。 3 缺时间、地点、原因、方式,分别用 when/where/why/how。 完形逻辑信号词速记 and 并列 / even 递进 / for example 解释 / then 顺序 / before、after 时间 本讲自检 能说出四类名词性从句,并判断引导词。 能用三步法填对语法填空的从句设空。 能识别完形五类逻辑关系并据此选词。 课后作业 课后两题独立完成:作业一练从句引导词,作业二练完形逻辑。用本讲的方法——一划边界、判成分、选引导词;读空先问它跟前文是什么关系。 作业一 语法填空 阅读下面短文,填入一个合适的单词(每空一词)。 Last week I took part in a speech contest. The reason 1. I joined was simple—I wanted to push myself. Before the contest, I kept asking 2. I could possibly remember every line. My coach told me 3. I just needed to be myself. 4. she said gave me confidence. On the day, the audience was so large 5. my legs almost shook. But when I began, I forgot 6. nervous I had been. At last I won the first prize. 7. surprised me most was 8. the judge praised me for my courage, not my perfect English. I realized 9. true confidence comes from within, and that is 10. I will always keep in mind. 作业二 完形逻辑 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Learning from Inspiring People Inspiring people are all around us. They may be scientists, teachers, 1. they may be our classmates. They share one quality: they never give up. 2. , they always keep a positive attitude. When we face difficulties, we can think of them. 3. , their stories encourage us to keep going. 4. , we should set a clear goal. 5. , we need to take action step by step. 6. we meet problems, we should not run away. 7. we solve them, we feel more confident. What's more, helping others can also inspire us. 8. , volunteering at a community center teaches us responsibility. 9. , we can become better people. In other words, inspiration is not only about receiving 10. about giving. 1. A. so B. but C. and D. or 2. A. However B. For example C. At first D. What's more 3. A. For example B. However C. Instead D. At last 4. A. Then B. First C. However D. Besides 5. A. But B. Or C. Then D. So 6. A. Before B. Until C. Since D. When 7. A. After B. Before C. Until D. While 8. A. However B. For example C. At first D. In the end 9. A. However B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise 10. A. but B. and C. or D. so 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $