Unit 1 Science Fiction 一轮复习导学案 -2027届高考英语人教版选择性必修第四册

选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction 一轮复习导学案 主题语境：人与社会 · 科学与技术 建议课时：2 课时 栏目 内容 单元定位 以科幻小说为载体，复习描述科技事物、表达观点态度与刻画人物情感的语言。重点是词汇在语境中活用与写作句式迁移。 高考关系 calculate / divide / urge / declare / superior / conflict / maximum 等为新高考高频词；more ... than ...、地点前置全部倒装、明喻（like / as）是读后续写提分句式；从句引导词是语法填空无提示词必考考点。 ★ 复习重点 1. 核心短语：test out 检验 / take over 接管 / be superior to 优于 / conflict with 与……矛盾 / have an urge to do 渴望做…… 2. 三大写作句式：more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如说……；地点状语前置全部倒装；明喻 like / as ★ 复习难点 1. 一词多义：nail / suspend / labour / panel（结合语境判断词性） 2. 熟词生义：flood（大量；涌上心头）/ volunteer（主动提供信息） 3. 词族派生：appoint↔appointment、guilty↔guilt、urge↔urgent↔urgency 一、词汇基础 1.1 认读词汇（见词知义） 英文 中文 science fiction 科幻小说 be rewarded with a cash bonus 获得一笔现金奖励 admire one’s wisdom and integrity 欣赏某人的智慧与正直 What an absurd idea! 这个想法太荒唐了！ an alien environment / culture 陌生的环境；异域文化 a reason for inaction 不采取行动的理由 stun sb for a moment 使某人一时惊呆 a bit of an overstatement 有点言过其实 look ridiculous 显得荒唐可笑 the sense of human dignity 人的尊严感 own superior technology 拥有更先进的技术 step backwards 向后退 keep a tight grip on the rope 紧紧抓住绳子 a hazy memory 模糊的记忆 at one’s own pace 按某人自己的节奏 pick one at random 随机挑选一个 whereas conj. 然而；尽管 1.2 一词多义 nail n. 指甲；钉子 vt. 钉牢；固定 suspend vt. 悬挂；暂停；中止 labour n. 劳动；体力活 vi. 苦干；费力地行进 panel n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 jolt n. 震动；颠簸 v. (使)震动；(使)震惊 对点过关 · 用括号内词的正确形式填空 1. Before the lecture, the notice was ________ (nail) to the main entrance so that no one could miss it. 2. Due to the sudden strike, the talks between the two companies have been ________ (suspend) until further notice. 3. The control ________ (panel) on the new washing machine is so simple that even my grandmother can use it. 4. The news that our team had lost the final gave me quite a ________ (jolt). 1.3 词族拓展 appoint v. 任命；约定 → appointment n. 预约；委任 → appointed adj. 指定的 guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的 → guilt n. 内疚；罪行 declare v. 宣布；声明 → declaration n. 宣言；公告 calculate v. 计算；预测 → calculation n. → calculator n. 计算器 divide v. 划分；分配；除 → division n. 分开；差异；部门 urge v./n. 催促；强烈欲望 → urgent adj. 紧急的 → urgency n. 紧迫 explode v. 爆炸；(情感)爆发 → explosion n. 爆炸；爆发 mud n. 泥 → muddy adj. 泥泞的 week n. → weekly adj. 每周的；n. 周刊 对点过关 · 用括号内词的适当形式填空 1. The ________ (appoint) of a new CEO caused quite a stir among the employees. 2. Looking at the birthday card on her desk, she felt ________ (guilt) about having forgotten her best friend’s birthday. 3. The government made an official ________ (declare) that the new regulation would take effect the next month. 4. The experiment took hours of careful ________ (calculate) before the final result came out. 5. There is a sharp ________ (divide) between the two teams over whether to accept the offer. 6. Ambulances were called and the doctors rushed to the scene with great ________ (urgent). 7. After the heavy rain, the country road was so ________ (mud) that we had to abandon the car and walk. 8. This popular ________ (week) magazine comes out every Monday and sells out quickly. 二、核心短语 1. with wonder 惊奇地 2. pros and cons 利与弊 3. draw a breath 吸一口气 4. turn out 结果是；证明是 5. fall away 逐渐减少；消失 6. have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事 7. test out 检验；测试 8. be superior to 优于；胜过 9. take over 接管；接手 10. conflict with 与……相矛盾 11. on a regular basis 定期地 12. rise to one’s feet 站起身 对点过关 · 根据中文提示补全英文，每空限填一词或短语 1. 她惊奇地盯着那张泛黄的老照片，仿佛看到了自己的童年。 She stared at the yellowed photo ________. 2. 在投票之前，我们应当充分讨论这项计划的利与弊。 Before voting, we should fully discuss the ________ of the plan. 3. 结果证明，那个看似冷漠的陌生人竟是一个值得信赖的朋友。 It ________ that the cold-looking stranger was a friend we could depend on. 4. 他一直有一种强烈的渴望，要用自己的脚步走遍全国。 He ________ travel across the whole country on foot. 5. 这款新产品在质量和耐用性上都优于市场上同类产品。 The new product is ________ the similar ones on the market in both quality and durability. 6. 老板出国期间，他的助手临危受命接管了公司。 While the boss was abroad, his assistant ________ the company. 三、重点句式 句式一 more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如说…… He seemed more like a human than a machine. more A than B = 与其说B，不如说A；more than + 数词/名词/形容词 = 超过/不仅仅是/非常。 句式二 地点/方位状语前置的全部倒装 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 方位副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，谓语全部提到主语前。 On the top of the hill stands an ancient tower. 句式三 明喻（like / as） It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. 用 like / as / as ... as 引出喻体，描写动作、表情与环境，是读后续写常用手段。 对点过关 · 完成句子 1. 与其说他对结果感到生气，倒不如说他感到失望。 He is ________ disappointed ________ angry at the result. 2. 教室前部坐着一位头发花白、戴着眼镜的老教师。 ________ the classroom ________ with grey hair and glasses. 3. 她的笑容像春日的阳光一样温暖，让每个人都感到放松。 Her smile is warm ________. 4. 他说起话来好像什么都知道，实际上他只是刚入行的新人。 He talks ________ he knew everything. 5. 听到获奖的消息，她高兴得像一只飞出笼子的鸟，忍不住跳了起来。 Hearing the award announcement, she felt happy ________. 四、描写性表达库（写作迁移） 类别 可迁移句块 / 例句 情绪描写 Tears well up in one’s eyes 热泪盈眶；a mixture of guilt and delight 又内疚又欢喜；out of guilt 出于内疚；have an urge to do 强烈渴望做 动作描写 rise to one’s feet 站起身；stare / gaze at 凝视；draw a breath 吸一口气；step backwards 后退 环境描写 on a winding road 在蜿蜒的路上；a hazy memory 模糊的记忆；at one’s own pace 按自己的节奏 修辞描写 as sick as a dog 病得很重；Her smile shone like a diamond 笑容如宝石般闪耀；more ... than ... 与其说……不如说…… 五、语法专题 · 从句引导词与连接词 两个分句之间没有逗号或分号、也没有连接词时，考虑填并列连词（and / but / so / or / while）或从句引导词（that / which / who / where / when / why / because / if / whether / as）。 对点过关 · 单句填空（每空只填一个适当的词） 1. ________ you have mastered this rule, you will find grammar filling much easier than before. 2. He missed the early bus, ________ he was late for the morning lecture on artificial intelligence. 3. The book is written in simple English, ________ even beginners can read it with pleasure. 4. The question ________ will take charge of the research project has not been decided yet. 5. ________ is reported in the local newspaper, the old town library will be turned into a museum next year. 6. It was already midnight ________ the fire broke out in the neighbourhood. 7. ________ busy she is with her research, she still spares half an hour reading to her daughter every night. 8. The reason ________ he was late for the meeting is that he missed the early bus. 六、熟词生义 flood 熟义 n. 洪水；水灾 生义 n. 大批；大量 v. 大量涌入；(回忆)涌上心头；(光线)倾泻 volunteer 熟义 n. 志愿者 生义 v. 自愿做；主动提供(信息)；主动说出 对点过关 · 根据语境写出划线词的中文含义 1. A flood of letters poured in after the TV appeal for the missing child. 词义：________ 2. She volunteered the information about her neighbour without being asked. 词义：________ 参考答案与解析 1.2 一词多义 1. nailed — 被动语态 be done，“通知被钉在入口处”。 2. suspended — 现在完成时被动 have been done，“谈判被暂停”。 3. panel — 名词作主语，control panel 控制面板。 4. jolt — 名词，give sb a jolt 使某人震惊。 1.3 词族拓展 1. appointment — the + 名词 + of 结构，“新CEO的任命”。 2. guilty — 形容词作表语，feel guilty about 对……感到内疚。 3. declaration — make an official declaration 发表官方声明。 4. calculation — careful 后接名词，“仔细计算”。 5. division — a sharp division 明显分歧。 6. urgency — with great urgency 紧急地。 7. muddy — so + adj. + that 结果状语，“路泥泞得”。 8. weekly — 形容词修饰名词 magazine，“周刊”。 二、核心短语 1. with wonder — 介词短语作状语，“惊奇地”。 2. pros and cons — 固定搭配，“利与弊”。 3. turned out — turn out that... 结果是……。 4. had an urge to — have an urge to do 渴望做；用过去时。 5. superior to — be superior to 优于（to是介词，不是than）。 6. took over — take over 接管；用过去时。 三、重点句式 1. more ... than — more A than B 与其说B不如说A。 2. In the front of; sits/sat an old teacher — In the front of 在教室内部前部；方位介词短语前置，主语是名词，全部倒装。 3. like sunshine — 明喻，like引出喻体。 4. as if / as though — 方式状语从句，“仿佛”；从句用虚拟语气（knew）。 5. like a bird out of a cage — 明喻，“像出笼的鸟”。 五、语法专题 1. Once / When — 时间/条件状语从句，“一旦/当……”。 2. so — 并列连词表因果，“因此”。 3. so that — 目的状语从句，“以便”。 4. who — 同位语从句引导词，指人，在从句中作主语。 5. As — 非限制性定语从句，“正如”，位于句首。 6. when — 时间状语从句，“火灾发生时已是午夜”。 7. However — 让步状语从句，However + adj. = No matter how。 8. why — 定语从句，The reason why... 表原因。 六、熟词生义 1. 大量；大批 — a flood of letters 大量信件。 2. 主动提供（信息） — volunteer the information 主动说出信息。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $