Unit 3 Smart Learning (Grammar)（that;if,whether引导宾语从句）核心知识点精讲精练-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

Unit 3 Smart Learning核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) (that;if,whether引导宾语从句) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 宾语从句概述 1. 宾语从句含义 在复合句中，用作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。如：I think that Teng Fei is a good learner. 此句中 that Teng Fei is a good learner整个句子作think后的宾语，我们把that Teng Fei is a good learner这个句子就称为宾语从句。 2. 宾语从句的类型(按位置分类) (1) 动词后的宾语从句 及物动词如think,wonder,guess,believe等后可以接宾语从句。 如：They believe that they can finish the task on time. (2) 介词后的宾语从句 介词后要跟宾语，若宾语是一个句子，这个句子也是宾语从句。 如：I’m interested in what he said just now. (3) 形容词后的宾语从句 一些表示情感的形容词如afraid,glad,sorry,sure, certain,surprised,pleased等后可以接一个宾语从句。 如：We’re glad that the students took an active part in the volunteer activity. 3. 宾语从句的三要素 (1) 宾语从句的引导词 一个宾语从句由一个引导词引出，常见的引导词有以下几类： 引导词 充当成分 含义 that 不充当成分 无含义 if/whether 不充当成分 是否 疑问代词： what,who,whom等 充当主、宾、表等主干成分 有含义 疑问副词： when,why,how.where等 充当状语 有含义 如：He wants to know whether his father will come back tomorrow. Linda didn’t know when the meeting would begin. (2) 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句由一个引导词引出，引导词始终位于从句的句首，其他部分要使用陈述语序。 如：We wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. (3) 宾语从句的时态 · 当主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受主句限制，即从句时态就用其本身时态。 如：Mr. Li asks whether Tom came here yesterday. · 当主句是过去时态时，从句要用相应的过去某种时态。 如：Mum said that she would go to Beijing next month. · 当从句表示的是客观事实或真理、自然现象、谚语等时，从句都用一般现在时。 如：Dad ever told me that my cousin is two years older than me. 【随学随练】 找出下列句子中的宾语从句(在下面画横线)。 (1) He asks if we will take part in the sports meeting. (2) I wonder what he is doing now. (3) It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. (4) We are talking about who can help us (5) He is surprised how quickly the little boy runs. (6) We are sure that our team will win. that引导宾语从句 1. 当宾语从句具有陈述意义时，常用that引导宾语从句。 如：He still remembers that there used to be a big tree by the bridge. 2. that引导宾语从句时在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有含义，因此一般可以省略。 如：Dad understands (that) I need more free time. 但以下一些情况中，不能省略that： (1) 多个并列的that宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，其他的不可省略。 如：Mrs Brown said (that) she would come tomorrow and that she would bring us some new books. (2) that宾语从句中含有主从复合句。 如：She told me that if it rained, she would stay at home. (3) 主从句之间有插入语。 如：She said, to my surprise, that she would give up the plan. 3. 否定前移 that引导的否定的宾语从句跟在表示“认为”的动词后，如think,guess,believe,suppose等，且主句主语是第一人称时，要将宾语从句的否定前移到主句上。 如：“我认为这件蓝色的大衣不漂亮。”用英语要表达成：I don’t think that the blue coat is nice. 【随学随练】 单项填空 (1) I am surprised ________ my deskmate has finished all the difficult homework ahead of time. A．that B．what C．which D．who (2) He hopes ________ in No.1 High School in the future. A．him to study B．studies C．he can study D．he to study (3) I didn’t know that he ________ to London next week. A．will fly B．would flew C．would fly D．flew (4) He ________ in the English exam. A．believed that he can’t fail B．believes that he couldn’t fail C．doesn’t believe he shouldn’t fail D．doesn’t believe he has failed 完成句子 (1) We should work harder. I think. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) I think _________ we ___________ work harder. (2) “I will help you with your English,” Tom told me. (保持句意基本不变) Tom ________ ________ ________ he ________ help me with my English. (3) “The party is the best part of the trip,” said Jim. (改为复合句) Jim said ________ the party ________ the best part of the trip. (4) The earth goes around the sun. The scientist told us. (宾语从句，客观真理) The scientist told us ________ the earth ________ around the sun. (5) He will try the new study method. I believe.（合并为 that 引导的宾语从句） I believe ________ he ________ try the new study method. if/whether引导宾语从句 1. 当宾语从句具有疑问含义时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。if或whether在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略。 如：His mother is worried about whether he lost his job. 2. 一般情况，if和whether可以替换使用。但以下情况，常用whether，不用if。 (1) 与 or not 直接连用。 如：I don't know whether or not he will come tomorrow. (2) 与动词不定式连用 如：She can't decide whether to go to America. (3) 作介词宾语 如：It depends on whether we have time. (4) 当用 if 会引起歧义时。 如：Please tell me if Simon will come here tomorrow.此句中if 可以理解为“如果”，也可以理解为“是否”， 会造成歧义，要用whether替换改为“Please tell me whether Simon will come here tomorrow.” 3. if 引导宾语从句与条件状语从句 (1) if可以表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态原则。 如：We wondered if he would help us. (2) if还可以表示“如果”，引导状语从句。引导状语从句时，时态遵循“主将从现”原则。 如：If it is sunny tomorrow, we’ll go hiking. 【随学随练】 单项填空 (1) —The man looks weak these days. —Yes. We are sure ________ something is wrong with him and we doubt ________ the disease can be cured. A．if; whether B．that; whether C．whether; if D．that; that (2) — Let’s take a trip to the Liushan Lake Park next Sunday if you are free. — Sounds great! But I wonder ______. A．when and where shall we meet B．whether it will be snowy that day C．that we’ll go there by bus or by car D．how shall we get ready for it (3) I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I’ll tell you. A．if, If B．whether, Whether C．if, Whether D．whether, that (4) —Could you tell me whether it ________ tomorrow? —If it ________, we will put off the sports meeting. A．will rain; rains B．rains; will rain C．would rain; rained D．is raining; rain (5) —Sam, do you know if Alice ________ to my party next week? —I think she will come if she ________. A．will come; will have time B．will come; has time C．comes; will have time D．comes; has time 完成句子 (1) Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei doesn’t know.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei doesn’t know __________ Peter _________ here yesterday. (2) “Are you doing your physics homework?” Tom asked me. （改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Tom asked me ________ I ________ doing my physics homework. (3) Will it rain tomorrow? He wonders.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） He wonders ________ it __________ ________ tomorrow. (4) “Will they practise tomorrow?” (接在I’m not sure后，用whether) I’m not sure _____________________________________________. (5) “Does Anna keep a notebook?” (接在Do you know后，用if) Do you know _______________________________? 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) It depends on ________ you can stick to your daily study plan. A．if B．that C．whether D．what (2) —The match is so exciting. Both teams are strong. But I believe in our players. —You’re right. But are you sure ________ our team will win? A．if B．that C．whether D．why (3) — I want to know if Angela ________ us in the fashion show tomorrow. — I believe if she ______ her homework, she will join us. A．joins; finishes B．will join; finishes C．joins; will finish D．will join; will finish (4) —I’m not sure if Tony ________ his hobby next term. —If he ________ his time well, his parents will allow him to keep it. A．will give up; manages B．gives up; will manage C．will give up; will manage D．gives up; manages (5) She wanted to know ________ the meeting ________ the next Monday. A．if; would hold B．whether; will hold C．if; would be held D．that; will be held (6) — Can you spare time to come to our party? — Well, I don’t know ________. A．whether I can finish the work by then B．that I can finish my work by then C．if can I finish the work by then D．that can I finish the work by then (7) I __________ he __________ finish his homework on time. A．think; won’t B．don’t think; will C．don’t think; won’t D．not think; will (8) —What did Peter say to you just now, Kate? —He asked me ________. A．if I have read the book Little Women B．whether will I believe in him C．if I joined the music club D．whether I am interested in the new movie (9) He told me light ________ faster than sound in the online science lesson. A．travel B．travels C．traveled D．will travel (10) —My sister told me that the earth________ around the sun when I was a kid. —That’s because she hoped that you ________ understand the truth of the universe better. A．went; could B．goes; can C．goes; could D．went; can (11) He asked me if I ________ to the Three Gorges Dam before and if I ________ there with him next month. A．have been; go B．had been; would go C．was; will go D．had gone; go (12) —I wonder if Sally _________ us prepare the party? —I’m sure that she will if she _________ time. A．will help; has B．helps; will have C．will help; will have D．help; will help 2. 完成句子 (1) “Give up three chi, what’s the harm?” Zhang Ying wrote in the poem. (改为间接引语) Zhang Ying wrote in the poem ________ giving up three chi ________ no harm. (2) “Koalas live mainly on eucalyptus leaves,” the guide told us. (改为宾语从句) The guide told us ________ koalas ________ mainly on eucalyptus leaves. (3) Kitty asked her friend James, “Can you give me a lift to the concert?” (改为宾语从句) Kitty asked her friend James ________ he ________ give her a lift to the concert. (4) “Did they visit the historical museum last weekend?” My coach asked.（改为宾语从句） My coach asked ________ they ________ the historical museum last weekend. (5) Robots won’t take the place of humans. I believe. (合并为一句) I ________ believe robots ________ take the place of humans. (6) The teacher told the students, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”(改为间接引语) The teacher told the students ________ ________ ________ ________ ________  _______ the moon. 3. 根据汉语提示完成句子 (1) 我想知道你是否能够帮助我。 I wonder ________ you ________ help me. (2) 吉姆不知道他是否能参加这个研究项目。 Jim doesn’t know ________ he can take part in the research project ________ ________. (3) 他想知道是否有继续学习的方法。 He wondered ________ there was ________ ________ to continue learning. (4) 我发现饭后散步对我们的身心确实大有裨益。 I ________ ________ walking after dinner is really good for our body and mind. (5) 老师告诉我们太阳从东边升起。 The teacher told us that ________ ________ ________ in the east. (6) 我父母认为他们需要更严格地对待我的学习。 My parents ________ ________ they need to be stricter about my studies. (7) 你能告诉我这个英语句子是否正确吗？ Could you tell me ________ this English sentence is ________? (8) 这个男孩问他的母亲他是否可以去结冰的湖上滑冰。 The boy asked his mother ________ ________ ________ go skating or not on the frozen lake. 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 用 that/if/whether 填空 (1) I want to know you will take part in the English competition this week. (2) He tells me he can learn English well by keeping reading every day. (3) She asks it is important to practise pronunciation every morning. (4) We are sure we will get good grades in the coming examination. (5) Could you tell me they will pick out the best textbook in the library? (6) I wonder he can open up his eyes by reading more newspapers. (7) My teacher says hard work can bring us success at last. (8) Do you know they will hang out with classmates after school or not? 2. 按要求和提示填写适当的词或句子 A 在空白处填入一个适当的关联词。 Last week, our teacher told us we would have a science fair (展览会) the next month. Everyone was excited but a little nervous. I wondered （1） I could think up a good project idea or not. My friend Lisa asked me （2） I wanted to work together with her. She suggested （3） we do an experiment about plant growth. Lisa explained （4） plants need water, sunlight, and air to grow. We discussed whether we should use different types of soil. The teacher said （5） it was a great topic and encouraged us to start. I believe this science fair will be a fun learning experience. B Hey, I’m Arthur. I want to say （1） (关联词) the first eight years of my life was almost perfect. For those eight years, I have been the focus of all the attention. I haven’t had to share my parents with anybody. But a few months ago, my parents told me （2） (关联词) soon I was going to have a baby sister or a baby brother. （3） (多么糟糕的消息呀)! I was very upset. My friend Jeff got a baby sister last year. His dad and mom never had time to play with him anymore. I once asked him （4） (关联词) he （5） (want) to have a baby sister. He said no. But today, Mom and Dad came home from the hospital with a baby girl—my sister. They put the baby in my arms. And then the most amazing thing happened. My baby sister reached out and held my finger, and she didn’t let go (松开)! Maybe she realized （6） (关联词) I was her big brother. Hey, maybe having a little sister won’t be so bad. She is kind of cute. I think （7） (关联词) Mom and Dad （8） (have) enough love to share with both my sister and me. 3. 翻译句子 (1) 我希望你发现我的建议对于提升学校设施有所帮助。 (2) 我坚信当地居民未来会拥有更加便利的生活。 (3) 我不知道他的太空梦想将来是否能够实现。 (4) 我不确定自己能不能加入学校篮球队。 (5) 经理说铁路使食品运输变得更容易了。 (6) 他告诉我今晚将有一场精彩的足球比赛。 (7) 起初，我们感觉像身处魔法世界。 (8) 我很高兴我们学到了关于伟大科学家的知识。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Smart Learning核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) (that;if,whether引导宾语从句) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 宾语从句概述 1. 宾语从句含义 在复合句中，用作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。如：I think that Teng Fei is a good learner. 此句中 that Teng Fei is a good learner整个句子作think后的宾语，我们把that Teng Fei is a good learner这个句子就称为宾语从句。 2. 宾语从句的类型(按位置分类) (1) 动词后的宾语从句 及物动词如think,wonder,guess,believe等后可以接宾语从句。 如：They believe that they can finish the task on time. (2) 介词后的宾语从句 介词后要跟宾语，若宾语是一个句子，这个句子也是宾语从句。 如：I’m interested in what he said just now. (3) 形容词后的宾语从句 一些表示情感的形容词如afraid,glad,sorry,sure, certain,surprised,pleased等后可以接一个宾语从句。 如：We’re glad that the students took an active part in the volunteer activity. 3. 宾语从句的三要素 (1) 宾语从句的引导词 一个宾语从句由一个引导词引出，常见的引导词有以下几类： 引导词 充当成分 含义 that 不充当成分 无含义 if/whether 不充当成分 是否 疑问代词： what,who,whom等 充当主、宾、表等主干成分 有含义 疑问副词： when,why,how.where等 充当状语 有含义 如：He wants to know whether his father will come back tomorrow. Linda didn’t know when the meeting would begin. (2) 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句由一个引导词引出，引导词始终位于从句的句首，其他部分要使用陈述语序。 如：We wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. (3) 宾语从句的时态 · 当主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受主句限制，即从句时态就用其本身时态。 如：Mr. Li asks whether Tom came here yesterday. · 当主句是过去时态时，从句要用相应的过去某种时态。 如：Mum said that she would go to Beijing next month. · 当从句表示的是客观事实或真理、自然现象、谚语等时，从句都用一般现在时。 如：Dad ever told me that my cousin is two years older than me. 【随学随练】 找出下列句子中的宾语从句(在下面画横线)。 (1) He asks if we will take part in the sports meeting. (2) I wonder what he is doing now. (3) It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. (4) We are talking about who can help us (5) He is surprised how quickly the little boy runs. (6) We are sure that our team will win. 【答案】 (1) He asks if we will take part in the sports meeting. (2) I wonder what he is doing now. (3) It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. (4) We are talking about who can help us. (5) He is surprised how quickly the little boy runs. (6) We are sure that our team will win. that引导宾语从句 1. 当宾语从句具有陈述意义时，常用that引导宾语从句。 如：He still remembers that there used to be a big tree by the bridge. 2. that引导宾语从句时在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有含义，因此一般可以省略。 如：Dad understands (that) I need more free time. 但以下一些情况中，不能省略that： (1) 多个并列的that宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，其他的不可省略。 如：Mrs Brown said (that) she would come tomorrow and that she would bring us some new books. (2) that宾语从句中含有主从复合句。 如：She told me that if it rained, she would stay at home. (3) 主从句之间有插入语。 如：She said, to my surprise, that she would give up the plan. 3. 否定前移 that引导的否定的宾语从句跟在表示“认为”的动词后，如think,guess,believe,suppose等，且主句主语是第一人称时，要将宾语从句的否定前移到主句上。 如：“我认为这件蓝色的大衣不漂亮。”用英语要表达成：I don’t think that the blue coat is nice. 【随学随练】 单项填空 (1) I am surprised ________ my deskmate has finished all the difficult homework ahead of time. A．that B．what C．which D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我很惊讶我的同桌已经提前完成了所有困难的作业。 that引导宾语从句，只起连接作用，无实际词义；what什么，在从句中充当成分；which哪一个；who谁。本句从句是完整陈述句，不缺句子成分，be surprised that…表示“对……感到惊讶”，故选that。 (2) He hopes ________ in No.1 High School in the future. A．him to study B．studies C．he can study D．he to study 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他希望将来能在第一中学学习。 hope to do sth.（希望做某事）；hope+that宾语从句（that可省略）；不能用hope sb. to do sth.。A项和D项结构错误；B项是动词第三人称单数，不能直接放在hope后面；C项he can study构成宾语从句，符合hope的用法。 (3) I didn’t know that he ________ to London next week. A．will fly B．would flew C．would fly D．flew 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道他下周会飞往伦敦。 根据“didn’t know”可知句子为一般过去时，由从句中“next week”可知，宾语从句应用过去将来时，应填“would fly”。 (4) He ________ in the English exam. A．believed that he can’t fail B．believes that he couldn’t fail C．doesn’t believe he shouldn’t fail D．doesn’t believe he has failed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他不相信他在英语考试中不及格了。 英语中believe等动词后的宾语从句若表示否定意义，否定词通常转移到主句谓语动词上；且考试已结束对现在造成影响，从句应用现在完成时。A项时态错误；B项主从句时态不一致；C项双重否定逻辑不通；D项符合语法习惯和语境。故选D。 完成句子 (1) We should work harder. I think. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) I think _________ we ___________ work harder. 【答案】 that should 【详解】句意：我认为我们应该更努力工作。原句由两个简单句组成，改为含有宾语从句的复合句时，将“I think”作为主句，原句“We should work harder”作为宾语从句。陈述句作宾语从句时，需用连词that引导；从句保持陈述语序，情态动词should直接置于主语we之后。故填that；should。 (2) “I will help you with your English,” Tom told me. (保持句意基本不变) Tom ________ ________ ________ he ________ help me with my English. 【答案】 told me that would 【详解】句意：Tom告诉我：“我会帮你学英语”。原句为直接引语，可改为间接引语。主句“told me”为一般过去时，从句时态需改为相应的过去时，故“will”变为“would”；引导词用that，从句用陈述语序。故填told；me；that；would。 (3) “The party is the best part of the trip,” said Jim. (改为复合句) Jim said ________ the party ________ the best part of the trip. 【答案】 that was 【详解】句意：“这场聚会是这次旅行最棒的部分，” 吉姆说。原句直接引语是陈述句，可改为that引导的宾语从句；主句为过去时，从句is需变为was。 (4) The earth goes around the sun. The scientist told us. (宾语从句，客观真理) The scientist told us ________ the earth ________ around the sun. 【答案】 that goes 【详解】句意：科学家告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。原句“The earth goes around the sun”是完整的陈述句，作told的宾语时，引导词用that。根据宾语从句的规则，当从句表达的是客观真理或自然规律时，即使主句为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时，故填that；goes。 (5) He will try the new study method. I believe.（合并为 that 引导的宾语从句） I believe ________ he ________ try the new study method. 【答案】 that will 【详解】句意：我相信他会尝试这种新的学习方法。原句两个独立分句为“He will try the new study method.”和“I believe.”，要求合并为that引导的宾语从句，引导词that在宾语从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，放在主句谓语believe之后，因此第一空填that；宾语从句需遵循“时态呼应”规则：主句“I believe”是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可保留原句的一般将来时，原从句谓语的将来式结构为“will+动词原形”，因此第二空填助动词will。 if/whether引导宾语从句 1. 当宾语从句具有疑问含义时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。if或whether在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略。 如：His mother is worried about whether he lost his job. 2. 一般情况，if和whether可以替换使用。但以下情况，常用whether，不用if。 (1) 与 or not 直接连用。 如：I don't know whether or not he will come tomorrow. (2) 与动词不定式连用 如：She can't decide whether to go to America. (3) 作介词宾语 如：It depends on whether we have time. (4) 当用 if 会引起歧义时。 如：Please tell me if Simon will come here tomorrow.此句中if 可以理解为“如果”，也可以理解为“是否”， 会造成歧义，要用whether替换改为“Please tell me whether Simon will come here tomorrow.” 3. if 引导宾语从句与条件状语从句 (1) if可以表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态原则。 如：We wondered if he would help us. (2) if还可以表示“如果”，引导状语从句。引导状语从句时，时态遵循“主将从现”原则。 如：If it is sunny tomorrow, we’ll go hiking. 【随学随练】 单项填空 (1) —The man looks weak these days. —Yes. We are sure ________ something is wrong with him and we doubt ________ the disease can be cured. A．if; whether B．that; whether C．whether; if D．that; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个男人这些天看起来很虚弱。——是的，我们确定他身体有些不对劲，而且我们怀疑这种病是否能被治愈。 考查宾语从句。if是否；whether是否；that引导从句，无实际意义。“be sure that...”是固定搭配，后接宾语从句表示确定的内容；doubt用于肯定句时后接whether/if引导的宾语从句表疑问，用于否定句或疑问句时后接that引导的宾语从句，后半句是肯定句表疑问用whether/if引导，结合选项内容可知，选项B符合，故选B。 (2) — Let’s take a trip to the Liushan Lake Park next Sunday if you are free. — Sounds great! But I wonder ______. A．when and where shall we meet B．whether it will be snowy that day C．that we’ll go there by bus or by car D．how shall we get ready for it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——下周日如果你有空，咱们去六山湖公园旅行吧。——听起来很棒！但我想知道那天是否会下雪。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序， A选项和D选项都是疑问语序，排除；C选项“that we’ll go there by bus or by car”中，“that”引导宾语从句时无实际意义，这里表达“想知道是坐公交还是开车去”，应用“whether”引导， C选项错误。B选项“whether it will be snowy that day”是陈述句语序，“whether”表示“是否”，符合语境。故选B。 (3) I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I’ll tell you. A．if, If B．whether, Whether C．if, Whether D．whether, that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。 if如果，引导条件状语从句；是否，引导宾语从句；whether是否，引导宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，无意义。根据第一空前的“I don’t know”可知，此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，if或whether均可；分析第二空所在句的句子结构和句意可知，本句为条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if引导。故选A。 (4) —Could you tell me whether it ________ tomorrow? —If it ________, we will put off the sports meeting. A．will rain; rains B．rains; will rain C．would rain; rained D．is raining; rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我明天是否会下雨吗？——如果下雨，我们将推迟运动会。 whether引导宾语从句，主句中的Could表示委婉语气，不表示过去，根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知，从句应使用一般将来时，填will rain；If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句“will put off”为一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用单三形式，填rains。 (5) —Sam, do you know if Alice ________ to my party next week? —I think she will come if she ________. A．will come; will have time B．will come; has time C．comes; will have time D．comes; has time 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Sam，你知道Alice下周是否会来参加我的聚会吗？——我想如果她有时间的话，她会来的。 分析句子可知，第一空为if引导的宾语从句，根据时间状语“next week”可知，从句应用一般将来时will come；第二空为if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词用has。 完成句子 (1) Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei doesn’t know.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei doesn’t know __________ Peter _________ here yesterday. 【答案】 if/whether came 【详解】句意：李雷不知道彼得昨天是否来过这里。原句是由一般疑问句“Did Peter come here yesterday?”充当宾语，改为宾语从句时，需用连词if或whether引导；同时宾语从句要用陈述语序，且根据时间状语“yesterday”可知从句时态为一般过去时，动词come的过去式为came。故填if/whether；came。 (2) “Are you doing your physics homework?” Tom asked me. （改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Tom asked me ________ I ________ doing my physics homework. 【答案】 if/whether was 【详解】原句句意：汤姆问我，“你是否正在做物理作业？”原句是一般疑问句，改成宾语从句要用if或者whether引导，含义为“是否”。主句时态是一般过去时，宾语从句需要用相应的过去时态，原句中的现在进行时要改为过去进行时；从句主语变为I，对应的be动词使用was。故填if/whether；was。 (3) Will it rain tomorrow? He wonders.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） He wonders ________ it __________ ________ tomorrow. 【答案】 if/whether will rain 【详解】句意：明天会下雨吗？他想知道。合并为宾语从句，需要表达“他想知道明天是否会下雨”的含义，原句是一般疑问句，要用if/whether（是否）引导宾语从句；宾语从句遵循“陈述语序”，原句时态为一般将来时，主句wonders是一般现在时，从句时态保持不变，仍用will rain。 (4) “Will they practise tomorrow?” (接在I’m not sure后，用whether) I’m not sure _____________________________________________. 【答案】whether they will practise tomorrow 【详解】句意：他们明天会练习吗？I’m not sure whether“不确定是否……”，whether引导宾语从句，原句一般将来时，从句时态保持不变；用陈述语序，把Will they变为they will。 (5) “Does Anna keep a notebook?” (接在Do you know后，用if) Do you know _______________________________? 【答案】if Anna keeps a notebook 【详解】句意：安娜有笔记本吗？原句是一般疑问句，变为if引导的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，去掉助动词Does，主语Anna是第三人称单数，谓语动词变为keeps。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) It depends on ________ you can stick to your daily study plan. A．if B．that C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这取决于是否你能坚持你的日常学习计划。 if是否/如果；that无实义；whether是否；what什么。空前是“It depends on”，介词on后接宾语从句表示“是否”时，只能用whether。 (2) —The match is so exciting. Both teams are strong. But I believe in our players. —You’re right. But are you sure ________ our team will win? A．if B．that C．whether D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——比赛太激动人心了。两队都很强。但我相信我们的球员。——你说得对。但你确定我们队会赢吗？ if如果/是否；that无实义；whether是否；why为什么。根据“But are you sure...our team will win?”可知，空后的句子结构完整，应用that引导宾语从句，起连接作用。 (3) — I want to know if Angela ________ us in the fashion show tomorrow. — I believe if she ______ her homework, she will join us. A．joins; finishes B．will join; finishes C．joins; will finish D．will join; will finish 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道安吉拉明天是否会参加我们的时装秀。——我相信如果她完成作业，她会加入我们。 第一空if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，tomorrow表示将来时间，从句要用一般将来时will join；第二空if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，动词用finishes。应填will join；finishes。 (4) —I’m not sure if Tony ________ his hobby next term. —If he ________ his time well, his parents will allow him to keep it. A．will give up; manages B．gives up; will manage C．will give up; will manage D．gives up; manages 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我不确定托尼下学期是否会放弃他的爱好。——如果他管理好自己的时间，他父母会允许他继续的。 第一空if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，根据时间状语“next term”可知应用一般将来时。第二空if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用manages。故填will give up；manages。 (5) She wanted to know ________ the meeting ________ the next Monday. A．if; would hold B．whether; will hold C．if; would be held D．that; will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她想知道下周一是否将举行会议。 主句谓语wanted是过去式，宾语从句需用过去的某种时态，将will变为would，排除B、D项；主语the meeting与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be held，排除A项。应填if；would be held。 (6) — Can you spare time to come to our party? — Well, I don’t know ________. A．whether I can finish the work by then B．that I can finish my work by then C．if can I finish the work by then D．that can I finish the work by then 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能抽出时间来参加我们的派对吗？——嗯，我不知道到那时我能否完成这项工作。 whether I can finish the work by then是否到那时我能完成这项工作；that I can finish my work by then到那时我能完成我的工作；if can I finish the work by then是否到那时我能完成这项工作；that can I finish the work by then到那时我能完成这项工作。宾语从句要用陈述语序，且I don’t know后接不确定的内容，需要表达“是否”的含义，应填whether I can finish the work by then。 (7) I __________ he __________ finish his homework on time. A．think; won’t B．don’t think; will C．don’t think; won’t D．not think; will 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为他不会按时完成他的作业。 本句是宾语从句，当主句主语为I，谓语动词为think时，要遵循“否定前移”规则，否定词放在主句，从句用肯定形式，即写成I don’t think...，从句仍用肯定式。第一空位于主句部分，用否定形式don’t think；第二空位于从句部分，用肯定形式will。 (8) —What did Peter say to you just now, Kate? —He asked me ________. A．if I have read the book Little Women B．whether will I believe in him C．if I joined the music club D．whether I am interested in the new movie 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯特，彼得刚才跟你说了什么？——他问我是否加入了音乐俱乐部。 宾语从句要使用陈述语序，选项B为疑问句，故排除；主句谓语asked为一般过去时，从句时态要对应为过去相关时态。故选C。 (9) He told me light ________ faster than sound in the online science lesson. A．travel B．travels C．traveled D．will travel 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在网络科学课上告诉我光比声音传播得快。 虽然主句“He told me”是一般过去时，但从句内容“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理，不受主句时态影响，需用一般现在时。主语“light”是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 (10) —My sister told me that the earth________ around the sun when I was a kid. —That’s because she hoped that you ________ understand the truth of the universe better. A．went; could B．goes; can C．goes; could D．went; can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我小时候姐姐告诉我地球绕着太阳转。——那是因为她希望你能更好地了解宇宙的真相。 第一空：宾语从句中，描述客观真理要用一般现在时，the earth goes around the sun是客观真理，因此第一空用goes；第二空：主句hoped为一般过去时，从句表达希望达成的愿望，情态动词用could，呼应主句过去时态。 (11) He asked me if I ________ to the Three Gorges Dam before and if I ________ there with him next month. A．have been; go B．had been; would go C．was; will go D．had gone; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他问我以前是否去过三峡大坝，以及下个月是否会和他一起去那里。 考查宾语从句的时态。主句“He asked me”为一般过去时，从句需用过去时态。第一个空表示“以前去过”，用过去完成时（had been）；第二个空表示“下个月会去”，用过去将来时（would go）。故选B。 (12) —I wonder if Sally _________ us prepare the party? —I’m sure that she will if she _________ time. A．will help; has B．helps; will have C．will help; will have D．help; will help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想知道Sally是否会帮我们准备派对？——我确信如果她有时间的话，她会帮忙的。 考查从句的时态。根据“I wonder if Sally ... us prepare the party?”可知，if“是否”引导宾语从句，主现从不限，结合“she will”可推知，第一空用一般将来时“will help”；再由“she will if she ... time”可知，这是if“如果”引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时，主语是“she”，谓语动词用三单形式，第二空是has。故选A。 2. 完成句子 (1) “Give up three chi, what’s the harm?” Zhang Ying wrote in the poem. (改为间接引语) Zhang Ying wrote in the poem ________ giving up three chi ________ no harm. 【答案】 that did 【详解】句意：张英在诗中写道：“退让三尺，有什么害处呢？”原句直接引语是一个修辞疑问句，实际意思是“退让三尺没有害处”。改为间接引语时，用“that”引导宾语从句，并将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。从句主语是动名词短语“giving up three chi”，谓语用“did no harm”（do no harm 的过去式，表示“没有害处”），主句为过去时“wrote”，从句时态相应用过去时。故填that；did。 (2) “Koalas live mainly on eucalyptus leaves,” the guide told us. (改为宾语从句) The guide told us ________ koalas ________ mainly on eucalyptus leaves. 【答案】 that live 【详解】句意：导游告诉我们：“考拉主要以桉树叶为食”。主句told为一般过去时，原句是陈述句，改为宾语从句要用that引导；当从句表述客观真理、客观事实时，从句时态不受主句过去时态影响，仍使用一般现在时，主语koalas为复数，谓语动词用live。 (3) Kitty asked her friend James, “Can you give me a lift to the concert?” (改为宾语从句) Kitty asked her friend James ________ he ________ give her a lift to the concert. 【答案】 if/whether could 【详解】句意：Kitty问她的朋友James：“你能把我捎带去音乐会吗？” if和whether都表示是否，引导一般疑问句变来的宾语从句，主句过去时从句情态动词can变为could。故填if/whether；could。 (4) “Did they visit the historical museum last weekend?” My coach asked.（改为宾语从句） My coach asked ________ they ________ the historical museum last weekend. 【答案】 if/whether had visited/visited 【详解】句意：我的教练问他们上周末是否参观了历史博物馆。if和whether都表示是否，引导宾语从句。主句asked为过去时，从句时态需呼应，一般过去时通常变为过去完成时，若有具体过去时间也可保留一般过去时。故填if/whether；had visited/visited。 (5) Robots won’t take the place of humans. I believe. (合并为一句) I ________ believe robots ________ take the place of humans. 【答案】 don’t will 【详解】句意：机器人不会取代人类。我相信。原句为“Robots won’t take the place of humans. I believe.”，合并时需将“I believe”置于句首作主句，后接宾语从句。原句中“won’t”为will not的缩写，表示否定。当主句谓语动词为believe且表示否定时，否定应转移到主句，即“I don’t believe”，从句用肯定形式“robots will take”。 (6) The teacher told the students, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”(改为间接引语) The teacher told the students ________ ________ ________ ________ ________  _______ the moon. 【答案】 that the sun is bigger than 【详解】句意：老师告诉学生们“太阳比月亮大”。直接引语和客观真理都表示不变事实，时态不变，后面接宾语从句，不缺少成分，用that引导宾语从句，此处为that the sun is bigger than。 3. 根据汉语提示完成句子 (1) 我想知道你是否能够帮助我。 I wonder ________ you ________ help me. 【答案】 if/whether could 【详解】原句中“是否”和“能够”是关键词。表示“是否”的英文是if/whether，是连词，引导宾语从句；表示“能够”的英文是could，是情态动词，表示委婉请求。 (2) 吉姆不知道他是否能参加这个研究项目。 Jim doesn’t know ________ he can take part in the research project ________ ________. 【答案】 whether or not 【详解】原句中“是否”是关键词。设空处位于动词know“知道”后，涉及宾语从句中“是否”的表达。中文句子里的“是否”对应英文“whether…or not”结构，其中“whether”引导宾语从句作“know”的宾语；故填whether；or；not。 (3) 他想知道是否有继续学习的方法。 He wondered ________ there was ________ ________ to continue learning. 【答案】 whether/if a way 【详解】原句中“是否有……的方法”是关键词，“wondered”后接宾语从句，对应的英文为whether/if there was a way to。故填whether/if；a；way。 (4) 我发现饭后散步对我们的身心确实大有裨益。 I ________ ________ walking after dinner is really good for our body and mind. 【答案】 find that 【详解】原句中“发现”是关键词，find表示“发现”，本句表达说话人当下的心理认知状态，使用一般现在时。主句是“I find”，后面“walking after dinner is...”是完整的句子作宾语。引导陈述性质的宾语从句常用连接词that。应填find；that。 (5) 老师告诉我们太阳从东边升起。 The teacher told us that ________ ________ ________ in the east. 【答案】 the sun rises 【详解】原句中“太阳从东边升起”是关键词，表示“太阳”的英文表达是sun，独一无二的天体名词前要加定冠词the；从句描述客观真理，要用一般现在时，主语the sun为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式rises。 (6) 我父母认为他们需要更严格地对待我的学习。 My parents ________ ________ they need to be stricter about my studies. 【答案】 think that 【详解】原句中“认为”是关键词，表示“认为”在英语中常用动词think。主语“My parents”是复数，且句子陈述当前观点，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。此处考查“主语+谓语+宾语从句”结构，从句“they need to be stricter about my studies”结构完整，需用引导词that连接。故填think，that。 (7) 你能告诉我这个英语句子是否正确吗？ Could you tell me ________ this English sentence is ________? 【答案】 whether/if correct/right 【详解】原句中“是否”，“正确的”是关键词，句子是宾语从句，第一空表达“是否”，用whether/if引导宾语从句。第二空放在be动词is后，需要形容词作表语，应填correct/right。 (8) 这个男孩问他的母亲他是否可以去结冰的湖上滑冰。 The boy asked his mother ________ ________ ________ go skating or not on the frozen lake. 【答案】 whether he could 【详解】原句的关键词是“是否”，可用whether或if引导，但句末有or not，通常与whether搭配构成whether... or not结构。主句谓语动词asked是过去式，根据宾语从句“主过从过”的时态呼应原则，从句中的“可以”需变为过去式could。从句主语指代“这个男孩”，用he；宾语从句需使用陈述语序（引导词 + 主语 + 谓语）。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 用 that/if/whether 填空 (1) I want to know you will take part in the English competition this week. (2) He tells me he can learn English well by keeping reading every day. (3) She asks it is important to practise pronunciation every morning. (4) We are sure we will get good grades in the coming examination. (5) Could you tell me they will pick out the best textbook in the library? (6) I wonder he can open up his eyes by reading more newspapers. (7) My teacher says hard work can bring us success at last. (8) Do you know they will hang out with classmates after school or not? 【答案】（1）if/whether （2）that （3）if/whether （4）that （5）if/whether （6）if/whether （7）that （8）whether 【详解】 （1）句意：我想知道你这周是否将参加英语竞赛。此处需要宾语从句引导词，主句want to know带有疑问语气，从句内容是不确定的事件，表“是否”含义，if和whether均可引导该类宾语从句。 （2）句意：他告诉我他可以通过坚持每天阅读学好英语。此处需要宾语从句引导词，主句tells me后接陈述事实的从句，从句语义完整，用that引导。 （3）句意：她问每天早上练习发音是否重要。此处需要宾语从句引导词，主句asks带有疑问语气，从句内容是不确定的问题，表“是否”含义，if和whether均可引导。 （4）句意：我们确信我们将在即将到来的考试中取得好成绩。此处需要宾语从句引导词，be sure后接陈述事实的从句，从句语义完整，用that引导。 （5）句意：你能告诉我他们是否会在图书馆选出最好的课本吗？此处需要宾语从句引导词，主句Could you tell me带有疑问语气，从句内容是不确定的事情，表“是否”含义，if和whether均可引导。 （6）句意：我想知道他是否能通过读更多报纸开阔眼界。此处需要宾语从句引导词，主句I wonder带有疑问语气，从句内容是不确定的事情，表“是否”含义，if和whether均可引导。 （7）句意：我的老师说努力最终能带给我们成功。此处需要宾语从句引导词，主句says后接陈述观点的从句，从句语义完整，用that引导。 （8）句意：你知道他们放学后是否会和同学出去玩吗？此处需要宾语从句引导词，从句末尾有or not，构成固定搭配whether…or not表“是否”，因此只能用whether，if一般不直接与or not连用。 2. 按要求和提示填写适当的词或句子 A 在空白处填入一个适当的关联词。 Last week, our teacher told us we would have a science fair (展览会) the next month. Everyone was excited but a little nervous. I wondered （1） I could think up a good project idea or not. My friend Lisa asked me （2） I wanted to work together with her. She suggested （3） we do an experiment about plant growth. Lisa explained （4） plants need water, sunlight, and air to grow. We discussed whether we should use different types of soil. The teacher said （5） it was a great topic and encouraged us to start. I believe this science fair will be a fun learning experience. 【答案】（1）whether （2）if/whether （3）that （4）that （5）that 【导语】本篇是一篇记叙文，讲述了老师通知下月举办科学展，我和好友 Lisa 一起构思植物生长实验项目的故事，主要考查宾语从句引导词。 【详解】 （1）句意：我想知道我能否想出一个好的项目点子。句尾有or not，只有whether可以和or not连用，表达 “是否”，引导宾语从句。 （2）句意：我的朋友 Lisa 问我是否想和她一起合作。此处表达 “是否”，引导宾语从句，if或者whether都可以使用。 （3）句意：她建议我们做一个关于植物生长的实验。suggested后接宾语从句，从句为陈述句含义，引导词用that，that只起连接作用，无词义。 （4）句意：Lisa 解释说植物生长需要水、阳光和空气。explained后是陈述事实的宾语从句，引导词用that，不充当句子成分。 （5）句意：老师说这是一个很棒的主题，并鼓励我们开始准备。said后面接陈述句作宾语从句，引导词用that。 B Hey, I’m Arthur. I want to say （1） (关联词) the first eight years of my life was almost perfect. For those eight years, I have been the focus of all the attention. I haven’t had to share my parents with anybody. But a few months ago, my parents told me （2） (关联词) soon I was going to have a baby sister or a baby brother. （3） (多么糟糕的消息呀)! I was very upset. My friend Jeff got a baby sister last year. His dad and mom never had time to play with him anymore. I once asked him （4） (关联词) he （5） (want) to have a baby sister. He said no. But today, Mom and Dad came home from the hospital with a baby girl—my sister. They put the baby in my arms. And then the most amazing thing happened. My baby sister reached out and held my finger, and she didn’t let go (松开)! Maybe she realized （6） (关联词) I was her big brother. Hey, maybe having a little sister won’t be so bad. She is kind of cute. I think （7） (关联词) Mom and Dad （8） (have) enough love to share with both my sister and me. 【答案】（1）that （2）that (3What bad news/What terrible news/What bad news it was/What terrible news it was （4）whether/if （5）wanted （6）that （7）that （8）have 【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了亚瑟有了妹妹之后的焦虑及开心的复杂心情。 【详解】 （1）句意：我想说过去的八年我的生活几乎完美。根据“I want to say … the first eight years of my life was almost perfect. ”可知，此句缺少连接词，引导的是宾语从句，所以say后接that引导的宾语从句。故填that。 （2）句意：但是几个月前，我的父母告诉我不久我将有小妹妹了。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少连接词，后边引导的是宾语从句“I was going to have a baby sister or a baby brother.”，所以told me后接that引导的宾语从句，连词“that”符合题意。故填that。 （3）句意：多么糟糕的消息啊！“糟糕的消息”翻译成“bad/terrible news”，根据“bad/terrible news”不可数名词，可推测此处是“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！”的感叹句结构；而根据题意是一般过去时，news不可数名词，可知谓语应用was。故填What bad/terrible news(it was)。 （4）句意：我曾经问他是否想要小妹妹。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少连接词，后边引导的是宾语从句“he… to have a baby sister. ”；根据下文“He said no.”可知，是在问他是否想要一个妹妹，他回答说“不”，由此可看出，这是一个whether/if“是否”引导的宾语从句。连词“whether/if”符合语境。故填whether/if。 （5）句意：我曾经问他是否想要小妹妹。根据宾语从句用法：主句是过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时，主句“asked”是一般过去时，从句“want”谓语也要用一般过去时，want的过去式是wanted。故填wanted。 （6）句意：也许她意识到我是他的哥哥。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少连接词，后边引导的是宾语从句“I was her big brother.”，且句子是完整的，不缺成分，连词“that”符合题意。故填that。 （7）句意：我认为爸爸妈妈有足够的爱分享给妹妹和我。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少连接词，后边引导的是宾语从句“Mom and Dad have enough love to share with both my sister and me.”，且句子是完整的，不缺成分，连词“that”符合题意。故填that。 （8）我认为爸爸妈妈有足够的爱分享给妹妹和我。宾语从句主句部分“I think”是用一般现在时的叙述，故从句部分也用一般现在时。主语是复数“Mom and Dad”，谓语动词have要用原形。故填have。 3. 翻译句子 (1) 我希望你发现我的建议对于提升学校设施有所帮助。 【答案】I hope you will find my advice helpful for improving school facilities. 【详解】“我希望你发现我的建议对于提升学校设施有所帮助。”译为I hope you will find my advice helpful for improving school facilities. 句子描述将来的期望，主句时态用一般现在时，从句用一般将来时；“我希望”用I hope表示，后接宾语从句；“你发现”用you will find表示；“我的建议”用my advice作宾语；“有所帮助”用形容词helpful作宾语补足语，构成find + 宾语 + 宾补结构；“对于提升学校设施”用介词短语for improving school facilities作状语，动名词improving作介词for的宾语。 (2) 我坚信当地居民未来会拥有更加便利的生活。 【答案】I strongly believe that local people will have a more convenient life in the future. 【详解】“我坚信当地居民未来会拥有更加便利的生活”译为“I strongly believe that local people will have a more convenient life in the future.”。“我坚信”用I strongly believe that表示；“当地居民”用local people表示；“未来会拥有更加便利的生活”用will have a more convenient life in the future表示。这个句子采用了that引导的宾语从句结构，其中主句I strongly believe，宾语从句local people will have a more convenient life in the future，从句由时间状语in the future提示使用一般将来时。 (3) 我不知道他的太空梦想将来是否能够实现。 【答案】I don’t know whether his space dream will come true in the future or not. 【详解】“我不知道他的太空梦想将来是否能够实现”可译为I don’t know whether his space dream will come true in the future or not，“我”用I表示，作主句主语；“不知道”用don’t know表示，作谓语；“他的太空梦想将来是否能够实现”用whether his space dream will come true in the future or not表示，作know的宾语，其中whether...or not表示“是否……”，引导宾语从句；“他的太空梦想”用his space dream表示，作宾语从句的主语；“将来”用in the future表示，作时间状语；“实现”用come true表示，作谓语。 (4) 我不确定自己能不能加入学校篮球队。 【答案】I’m not sure whether I can join the school basketball team or not. 【详解】“我不确定自己能不能加入学校篮球队。”译为“I’m not sure whether I can join the school basketball team or not.”。“我不确定”用I’m not sure表示；“自己能不能”用whether I can…or not表示；“加入学校篮球队” 用join the school basketball team表示。I是主句主语，am not sure是主句系表结构作谓语；whether引导宾语从句；从句内部I为从句主语，can join为从句谓语，the school basketball team作join的宾语；本句使用whether…or not固定搭配，主句为一般现在时，从句根据实际含义保留情态动词can，时态使用一般现在时。 (5) 经理说铁路使食品运输变得更容易了。 【答案】The manager said (that) the railway had made food transport easier. 【详解】“经理说铁路使食品运输变得更容易了。”译为“The manager said (that) the railway had made food transport easier.”。“经理”用the manager表示，“铁路”用the railway表示，“食品运输”用food transport表示，“使……变得更容易”用make...easier表示；本句为主句+宾语从句复合句，主句谓语said为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，因此从句使用过去完成时had made；宾语从句引导词that可省略。 (6) 他告诉我今晚将有一场精彩的足球比赛。 【答案】He told me that there would be a wonderful football match tonight. 【详解】他：He；告诉：tell；我：me（宾格）；今晚：tonight；将有：there will be（there be句型）；一场精彩的足球比赛：a wonderful football match。分析题干可知，句子可用宾语从句的形式表达，从句引导词用that；根据句意可知，主句时态可用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式told；根据“主过从必过”的原则可知，there will be应变为there would be。故填He told me that there would be a wonderful football match tonight. (7) 起初，我们感觉像身处魔法世界。 【答案】At the start, we felt like we were in a magical world. 【详解】“起初，我们感觉像身处魔法世界”译为At the start, we felt like we were in a magical world。其中“起初”用At the start，作时间状语；“我们”用we，作主句主语；“感觉像”用felt like，作主句谓语，后接宾语从句；从句中“我们”用we，作从句主语；“身处魔法世界”译为were in a magical world，其中were为系动词，in a magical world是介词短语作从句表语。 (8) 我很高兴我们学到了关于伟大科学家的知识。 【答案】I’m glad that we have learned about great scientists. 【详解】“我很高兴我们学到了关于伟大科学家的知识”可译为I’m glad that we have learned about great scientists，“我很高兴”用I’m glad表示，作主句；“我们学到了关于伟大科学家的知识”用that we have learned about great scientists表示，that引导宾语从句；“我们”用we表示，作从句主语；“学到了”用have learned表示，使用现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作；“关于伟大科学家的知识”用about great scientists表示，作learned about的宾语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $