专题02 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，广东专用）高三英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东广雅中学·期中）Drag and drop your files, or type, paste, and edit text here. Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. Free users can use any available Free Voices unlimitedly, sample Premium Voices for 20 minutes per day, and Plus Voices for 5 minutes per day. Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages. You can also listen on the go with our mobile app. By using your phone’s camera, you can scan physical books and notes and change them into speech. Offline listening is also supported, making it convenient for travel or other situations where internet access is limited. If you are interested in using our voices for non-personal purposes, such as YouTube videos, e-learning, or other commercial or public projects, please check out our Natural Reader AI Voice Generator web application for more information and licensing options. Our Chrome extension allows you to listen to webpages, Google Docs, online Kindle books, and emails directly from your browser. The extension supports both free and subscription voices, depending on your plan. 1.What is the major function of Natural Reader? A. Create videos. B. Write a speech. C. Generate images. D. Turn text into audio. 2.What is only available for paid subscription? A. Offline use of LLM. B. Automatic text translation. C. Efficient voice cloning. D. Access to digitalized books. 3.What is the text? A. A subscription plan. B. A program user guide. C. A job advertisement. D. A mobile app review. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东揭阳惠来县第一中学·11月·期中）Scientists have long used visual tasks to study dogs, but research into dog vision is relatively recent. “They do see color, but they do not see in black and white; that is a common misconception,” says Madeline H. Pelgrim, a researcher at Brown University. While humans can see red, yellow, blue, and the range of colors in between, like orange and green, dogs’ processing cones (视锥细胞) only pick up yellow and blue; however, they lack the medium-wavelength cone required to perceive green. Dogs see well, and they do use color clues, particularly during the day. In a 2025 study, researchers collected more than 20,000 gazes (注视) of 11 dogs. They found dogs relied on their vision to process whatever they found interesting. The gazes were riveted upon people, plants, vehicles and the pavement (人行道) “We now have an understanding of the percentage of time they are looking at the ground in front of them. It’s not too dissimilar from people,” says Pelgrim. The study also found something interesting about dogs’ attention. “What one dog found meaningful, another ignored. One dog, for example, took a strong interest in a bus that ran across the Brown University campus. Every time the bus was available, he was drawn to it,” says Pelgrim. “We had another dog that walked right past it and cared less, not even worth a gaze.” But the dogs did share one interest in something they found worthy of looking at —— humans. The study was distinct from other research into dog vision because the dogs weren’t given a visual task to complete. They were being their normal selves, going on a walk, which enabled the research team to understand what dogs chose to look at. “At people in the distance, they would focus on them, almost trying to figure them out,” Pelgrim says. “But we saw their quick gazes back to their owner or me, who was working with them.” 1.What can we say about dogs according to paragraph 2? A. They live in a black-and-white world. B. They can’t distinguish green. C. They rely on color clues to walk at night. D. They are interested in yellow color. 2.Which best replaces the underlined phrase “riveted upon” in paragraph 3? A. Attracted to. B. Blocked by. C. Compared with. D. Exchanged for. 3.What does Pelgrim think of dogs concerning what caught their attention? A. They were extremely focused. B. They were slightly frightened. C. They were somewhat sensitive. D. They were very individualistic 4.How do dogs see humans? A. They often look at humans for instructions. B. They seldom focus on humans’ real emotions. C. They expect humans to be interested in them. D. They give different gazes to different humans. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·广东汕头·联考）An experiment was a striking attempt to investigate weight control. For six weeks, a group of mice fed on high-fat food, and then scientists infected the mice with worms (蠕虫). Bruno Guigas, a molecular biologist at the Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, led this study some years back and the results, he says, were quite amazing. The mice lost fat and gained less weight overall than mice not exposed to worms. Within a month or so, he recalls, the scientists barely needed their measuring tool to see that the mice infected with worms lost more weight than the ones not exposed to worms. Infection with worms seems to have fought obesity (肥胖), the researchers reported in 2015. While it’s true that worms eat up the food their hosts might otherwise digest, that doesn’t seem to be the only factor at work here. There’s also some complicated biology within the emerging scientific field of immunometabolism (免疫代谢). Over the past couple of decades, researchers have recognized that the immune system doesn’t just fight infection. It’s also associated with organs like the liver, the pancreas and fat tissue, and implicated in the progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These and other metabolic disorders generate a troublesome immune response — inflammation (炎症), which worsens metabolism still further. Metabolic disease, sometimes, is inflammatory disease. Scientists have also observed the metabolic influence of worms in people who became naturally infected with the worms or were purposely seeded with worms in clinical trials. While the physiology isn’t fully understood, the worms seem to be real masters at controlling inflammation, as discussed in the 2024 Annual Review of Nutrition. Worms can be dangerous in high numbers, and cause symptoms such as diarrhea and malnutrition in those at high risk, including children. But for most people, infection with a few worms is benign. They can coexist with humans. “We’re never going to cure or treat metabolic disease with worm infections,” says Guigas. “They cause unpleasant side effects, and it would be impractical to infect millions of people with worms. But the findings could inspire more traditional treatments, which might bring fewer negative effects.” 1.What happened to the mice exposed to worms within about a month? A. They became sick of high-fat food. B. They broke free of the infected worms. C. They infected the mice not exposed to worms. D. They got noticeably thinner than worm-free mice. 2.What can be learned from paragraph 4? A. Inflammatory disease can be cured with worms. B. Treating metabolic disease demands deworming. C. The immune system only fights against infection. D. Controlling inflammation may benefit metabolism. 3.What does the underlined word “benign“ in paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Harmless. B. Dangerous. C. Complex. D. Avoidable. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Studies on Mice: The Key to Weight Control B. Worms Can Help to Fight Metabolic Disease C. Worms: A Potential Threat to Human Health D. Inflammatory Disease Spreads Among People Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东广州6校联合·期中）On my first day at my current job, I came to work expecting a friendly welcome — but I was met with silence. After a quick introduction to the business manager, I was told where to get my ID and then left to figure the rest out on my own. I clearly remember walking into my first departmental meeting, eager to meet my colleagues, only for the boss to skip over introducing me completely. Not really the type of environment that inspires a feeling of belonging. The primary loneliness stuck with me. Instead of waiting for the workplace culture to change, I decided to create my own sense of community. I started a lunch group, which grew into a regular coffee hour. I invited new hires to join informal meetups, promoting connections before and after department meetings. Over time, this small, self-made network became my spirit support at work. But what if I hadn’t built that community myself? Chances are that I would have left the job. Increasingly, researchers are realizing that developing a sense of belonging is critical for workforce stability. Historically, studies on supporting workforce stability have focused on more basic factors like pay, hours, and workload. These are all important qualities that cannot be overlooked. But they are not enough. You must have heard of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The theory suggests lower-level needs must be met before you can progress to higher-level needs. At the base of Maslow’s hierarchy, physiological and safety needs must be met. This is where fundamentals like pay, hours, and workplace safety would fall. Just above that is the need for love and belonging. In a workplace, this translates to a sense of connection and feeling like part of the team. According to Maslow’s theory, it’s impossible to be the best version of ourselves without meeting these fundamental needs. So although, yes, being paid fairly is important, to motivate employees to operate at their highest level, you need to create an environment where people feel they truly matter. 1.What did the writer experience on the first day of his new job? A. A hearty reception from colleagues. B. Thorough guidance at the workplace. C. Emotional distance between coworkers. D. Brief training from the business manager. 2.What is the writer’s purpose of starting a lunch group? A. Establishing a regular break time. B. Building up a shared identity. C. Passing on the workplace culture. D. Conducting meetings during meals. 3.Why does the writer introduce Maslow’s theory? A. To describe an ideal working environment. B. To discuss spiritual role in job satisfaction. C. To suggest an effective management method. D. To explain factors to keeping the workforce. 4.What does the last paragraph imply for a workplace? A. Basic demands are equal to emotional needs. B. Fair payment is the core of staff motivation. C. A culture of belonging develops staff’s potential. D. Basic needs make the best versions of staff. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·广东汕头金山中学·期中）“Growing fruit trees is a very simple way to stay in love with our world,” says Vivian Keh, playwright and daughter of immigrants, holding a basket of persimmons (柿子) she’s cultivated to feel connected to her Korean ancestors. Keh is just one of the 50 remarkable subjects in naturalist writer Amy Stewart’s The Tree Collectors: Tales of Arboreal Obsession, a collection of portraits of people transformed by their love of trees. Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect. Intrigued by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservationists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons diverse as their projects. They plant trees in public and private spaces both modest and expansive, nurturing (培育) their collections to honor beloved dead, attract wildlife, preserve rare species’ connect to history, invest in the future, grow food and create beauty. Steward categorizes these tree collectors according to their sense of purpose. Kenneth Hoegh, one of the book’s “ecologists”, tests which cold-loving species might grow in a warming and historically treeless Greenland. “Healer” Joe Hamilton plants loblolly pines on a parcel of land he got from his enslaved ancestors with an eye toward long-term sustainable forestry which he hopes will establish a source of generational wealth for his family. Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the “community builders” who seek to bring people together. Adding to the book’s charm are Stewart’s watercolor’ illustrations — she gives Us a look at each of her human subjects while also cataloging the most wonderful qualities of featured trees, such as Seussian eucalyptus seed pods and delicate camellia blossoms. After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you’ll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak. But something even deeper is happening here: by creating a space for people to talk about something they love. “How often do any of us get a chance to pour our hearts out to a stranger?” she writes. “Somehow, talking about trees made it possible.” 1.What does the underlined word “curation” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Connection. B. Collection. C. Treatment. D. Transformation, 2.What purpose of planting trees is mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To preserve rare species. B. To honor beloved dead. C. To develop new varieties. D. To strengthen social bonds. 3.What does the quote in the last paragraph suggest about discussing trees? A. It inspires new ideas. B. It rarely happens in public. C. It allows deep emotional sharing. D. It helps resolve environmental issues. 4.What does the writer think of the book? A. Complicated. B. Conventional. C. Inspiring. D. Intense. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （2026·广东汕头·联考）May 28, 2025, the collapse of Switzerland’s Birch glacier sent a deadly ice cloud into Blatten village, serving as a global warning — especially for threatened Asian communities near fragile ice. While climate change’s role in this specific event requires investigation, its broader impact on societies that rely on icy environments is undeniable, stated Ali Neumann at a UN-backed conference. Though one person remains missing, the moving of 300 residents to safety prevented mass deaths, proving timely crisis management reduces disaster scale. Swiss experts use sensors and satellites to monitor glaciers, but many Himalayan nations lack such resources. “The whole chain—from monitoring to danger communication—needs strengthening in Asia,” warned WMO’s Stefan Uhlenbrook, noting critical gaps in data connectivity. A 2024 UN report reveals two-thirds of Asia-Pacific nations have early warning systems, yet frontline countries remain least covered. “Monitoring exists but isn’t enough,” stressed Nepal’s ICIMOD geologist Sudan Maharjan, mentioning landform challenges and funding shortages. This difference costs lives: Disaster deaths average 338 per event in Asia-Pacific versus 189 globally. Himalayan glaciers — vital for 2 billion people—are melting at unprecedented rates, triggering glacial lake outbursts and permafrost（永久冻土） landslides. “Exporting Swiss tech isn’t sufficient,” argued geoscientist Jakob Steiner. “Complex disasters demand community cooperation as much as technology.” “Mere monitoring is inadequate,” emphasized the Asian Development Bank’s Declan Magee, “We must rethink infrastructure locations and reduce weakness.” Nepal’s May landslide that destroyed Til village demonstrated this urgency. “In Switzerland, escape plan came days early; here we had seconds.” said climate activist Tashi Lhazom. The accelerating crisis demands integrated action. As glaciers disappear, communities face unpredictable disasters—exposing a serious need for globally equal preparedness. 1.What prevented mass deaths in Blatten village’s glacier collapse? A. Advanced satellite monitoring. B. Effective emergency management. C. Global warning systems. D. Strengthened infrastructure. 2.What can be inferred about Himalayan nations from UN data? A. They prioritize tech over community. B. They employ Swiss models successfully. C. Their early-warning coverage is inadequate. D. Their funding shortages are resolved. 3.What does the underlined word “ difference” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Gap in disaster monitoring capacity. B. Variation in global death rates. C. Contrast between disaster types. D. Difference in community responses. 4.What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this article? A. To compare glacier monitoring technologies. B. To analyze climate change’s role in a Swiss disaster. C. To advocate for global equality in disaster preparedness. D. To highlight the increased hi-tech usage in emergencies. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·广东肇庆肇庆第一中学·期中）Selective exposure is a psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to seek out and engage with media content that aligns (一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and values. This behavior has profound implications for how people form opinions and perceive the world, as it can lead to the reinforcement of existing views and a reduced exposure to diverse perspectives. Selective exposure is driven by several factors. Firstly, it serves as a form of cognitive comfort. People are more likely to engage with information that confirms their beliefs, as it requires less mental effort and provides a sense of confirmation. Secondly, it acts as a self-approval mechanism. Engaging with like-minded content can strengthen one’s self-esteem and identity, as it aligns with one’s personal values and beliefs. The consequences of selective exposure are various. It can lead to the formation of echo chambers, where individuals are only exposed to information that reinforces their views, leading to a divided and conflicting public discourse. Moreover, it can result in a lack of critical thinking, as individuals are not challenged by opposing viewpoints and may become more susceptible to misinformation and operation. Selective exposure is evident in various aspects of media consumption. For instance, individuals may choose to follow specific news outlets or social media accounts that align with their political leanings, thus creating personalized information bubbles. This selective engagement can also influence the type of entertainment consumed, such as preferring movies or TV shows that reflect one’s values. To counteract the effects of selective exposure, several strategies can be employed. One approach is to actively seek out diverse sources of information, which can broaden one’s perspective and foster a more balanced understanding of complex issues. Another strategy is to engage in critical media literacy, which involves questioning the credibility of sources and the motives behind the information presented. Selective exposure to media content is a significant factor in shaping individual worldviews and public discourse. By recognizing the tendency to engage with like-minded content and taking steps to diversify one’s information intake, individuals can foster a more subtle and informed understanding of the world. 1.What is the main reason individuals engage in selective exposure? A. To experience self-approval. B. To enhance their cognitive abilities. C. To encounter diverse perspectives. D. To challenge their pre-existing beliefs. 2.What is an echo chamber? A. A physical space where echos are studied. B. A device used to strengthen sound in large rooms. C. A viewpoint influenced by false media content. D. A situation where people engage with similar views. 3.How does the author show the common existence of selective exposure in media consumption? A. By giving examples. B. By providing definitions. C. By making comparisons. D. By describing stories. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Diverse Media Consumption B. Building Echo Chambers in the Digital Age C. The Impact of Selective Exposure on Opinion Formation D. Shaping Personal Identities through Selective Exposure 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东广州6校联合·期中）If you’re struggling to come up with something you’re grateful for this year, here’s something that can be celebrated: Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing medicine. AI is still in its infancy (初期), yet it is already promising to transform how physicians do their jobs. Take, for example, cancer screenings. A review of studies found AI could cut in half the miss rate for potential cancer and reduce the workload of radiologists by 68 percent. The benefit here is twofold: The technology can help identify cancer at earlier stages. It is also better at determining which tumors (肿瘤) are harmless, limiting the number of unnecessary and expensive tests that patients must undergo (not to mention the anxiety that comes with the procedures). And that’s just the start. In 2022, it is reported that about 6 percent of the more than 130 million people who go to emergency rooms every year are misdiagnosed (误诊). AI has the potential to significantly reduce those tragedies. A recent study out of Boston comparing the performance of chatbot-assisted physicians in diagnosing patients to just chatbots themselves found that the bots performed considerably better. AI can also speed up care in emergency settings. Hospitals that used AI to detect strokes from a patient’s brain scans were able to shave off almost 40 minutes before a surgeon could take action. That’s precious time that can save lives. The purpose is not to phase out humans in medicine; it is to give them better tools to aid their patients. And it could free up physicians’ time dedicated to dull routine tasks. Integrating this technology into medicine will surely run into bumps. Many people are likely to be doubtful about it, and some might fear it will make visits to the doctor even less personal than they already are. The development of AI has aroused great alarm in recent years. Its awesome power deserves caution, but not fear. We can take comfort in the fact that, when it comes to medicine, AI has proven to be beneficial — and is likely to remain so. 1.What is a benefit of using AI to screen for cancer? A. Freeing patients from medical tests. B. Detecting cancer in the initial stages. C. Identifying the sources of patients’ anxiety. D. Enhancing the cure rates of harmful cancer. 2.What is the primary purpose of applying AI to the medical field? A. To replace the roles of human physicians. B. To make visits to the doctor more personal. C. To provide professional training for physicians. D. To equip physicians with tools to assist patients. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The prospect of the AI market. B. The way to integrate AI into medicine. C. The challenge of adopting AI in medicine. D. The change of the patient-doctor relationship. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. AI: The End of Misdiagnoses B. AI in Medicine: A Force for Good C. The Rise of AI: Good News for Doctors D. AI: the Future of Personalized Medicine Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中）Jeans are usually dyed with indigo (用靛蓝染料染色). But this dark purple-blue dyeing substance doesn’t easily mix into water. Thus, strong chemicals are used to break it down into a liquid that can turn the cloth blue. Each year, thousands of tons of these strong chemicals go into making jeans, already hurting the workers who handle them, let alone the fact that some of the chemicals can cause cancer. So Qvortrup, a chemist, wanted to find a safer and greener way to make jeans blue. For their new dyeing technique, the researchers chose to use indican (糖芥), a substance in plants that can help produce natural indigo dye and break down in water without harmful chemicals. Their first idea was to mix indican with an enzyme that would change it to indigo. It worked— the cloth turned blue within a few minutes. But then the team also placed pieces of cloth in indican alone and left them by the window in their lab. And to their surprise, these “were also turning blue without us doing anything,” Qvortrup said. As their research went on, the team found that sunlight could react with the indican on the cloth and turn it to indigo. Then, the team placed more cloth in an indican-only liquid under different light sources. “Over the next couple of hours, the cloth will turn blue, proving that the light will catalyze the color,” Qvortrup added. These methods are both promising. The enzyme-based method cut out the harmful impacts by more than 90 percent, compared to normal jeans dyeing and the light-driven dyeing might cut the impacts by more than 70 percent, the researchers said. However, the light method might take up less land than the enzyme method, and if the researchers can cut out electricity costs by dyeing with just sunlight, the light method may prove even better for the environment. “I hope these methods will have an impact even before they reach factories. Simply learning about more sustainable ways to make jeans may make jean-wearers think about where their clothes come from. If you want to wear blue jeans, be aware that there are better ways to make them than are used right now,” Qvortrup said. 1.What is the problem with the traditional way of dyeing jeans? A. Covering high labor costs. B. Missing the mark in fashion. C. Harming jeans makers’ health. D. Struggling with mass production. 2.What does “catalyze” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. hide. B. Develop. C. Remove. D. Match. 3.What is the advantage of light-driven dyeing over enzyme-based dyeing? A. Its space-saving capability. B. Its little side effect on cloth. C. Its efficiency in energy use. D. Its independence from electricity. 4.What do Qvortrup’s words in the last paragraph mainly imply? A. Improving factory equipment helps. B. Using green dye changes everything. C. Developing new dyes requires attention. D. Raising consumer awareness matters. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东肇庆肇庆第一中学·期中）It’s the time of year for workplace New Year parties, and gatherings with family and friends. Maybe you’ll drink a lot in one go. Then you feel your heart beating fast or irregularly. Maybe there’s a tremble in your chest or neck. Maybe you feel dizzy or short of breath. You may feel so concerned you go to the emergency department. After a few tests, you’re told you have “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”. In plain English, that’s an irregular heartbeat brought on by excessive drinking. The alcohol affects your heart, blood vessels, blood and nervous system in many ways. Such condition is common at this time of year. That’s why it’s also called “holiday heart”. For instance, when alcohol disrupts your nervous system, it can lead to dehydration and inflammation (发炎). In turn, this can cause disruption to the heart’s electrical system, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat. People may go to hospital with heart tremble, chest pain, fainting or passing out (syncope) and shortness of breath (dyspnoea). But an irregular heartbeat can also occur without symptoms, and may only be discovered when investigating other health issues. If you have symptoms, go to your emergency department or GP. Health professionals will likely run some tests to diagnose heart-related rhythm problems. Clinicians are often interested in the “p wave”, which represents the electrical activation of the upper chambers (上腔) of the heart. You may also have a blood test to look at your electrolyte levels (essential minerals in your blood). A blood test may also test for markers of clotting and inflammation, as well as kidney and liver function. There is no definitive number of drinks known to trigger holiday heart. So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day. We’d also recommend drinking water between alcoholic drinks. This can help reduce the dehydrating effects of alcohol and reduce the risk of alcohol-induced heart rhythm complications. 1.What is “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”? A. A heart disease caused by genetic factors and drinking. B. An irregular heartbeat resulting from over-drinking. C. A condition where the heart stops beating due to alcohol. D. A disorder of the nervous system affected by alcohol. 2.What can be inferred from the passage about diagnosing “holiday heart”? A. Only a test of the electrolyte levels is needed. B. The “p wave” is of little significance in the diagnosis. C. Multiple tests including blood tests are usually involved. D. Diagnosis can be made totally based on symptoms. 3.According to the text, what is the best way to prevent “holiday heart”? A. Drink alcohol with a limitation. B. Drink much more water during holidays. C. Drink water before having alcoholic drinks. D. Limit alcohol to ten standard drinks a day. 4.What is the main purpose of this article? A. To introduce the symptoms and diagnosis of heart diseases. B. To discuss the relationship between alcohol and “holiday heart”. C. To explain the definition of alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia. D. To encourage people to drink less alcohol during holidays. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东广州6校联合·期中）“You aren’t going to eat that, are you?” I asked Tom as he reached down to grab the cookie he had just dropped on the floor. “Five-second rule!” he argued, before popping the cookie into his mouth. According to this popular belief, food dropped for less than five seconds is safe. The assumption is that bacteria on the floor don’t have enough time to hitch a ride on the food. But is it true? Food scientist Paul Dawson tested the five-second rule and found that over 99% of Salmonella transferred to sausages in just five seconds. The five-second rule was just ludicrous, Dawson concluded. But in 2014, microbiology professor Anthony Hilton found the longer food was on the floor, the more likely it was to have bacteria, suggesting the five-second rule might have some truth. This prompted food science professor Donald Schaffner and his master’s thesis student to conduct a thorough study on the five-second rule. They looked at bacterial transfer to four different foods (watermelon, bread, bread with butter, and candies) when dropped on four different surfaces (stainless steel, ceramic tile, wood, and carpet) contaminated (污染) with Enterobacter aerogenes. By analyzing bacterial transfer at <1,5,30, and 300 seconds, they found longer contact time resulted in more transfer but some transfer took place almost instantly, after less than 1 second, thus disproving the five-second rule once and for all. Your chance of falling ill after eating food that has touched the floor depends on factors like how contaminated the floor is and the type of bacteria present. If you just hate throwing away food, washing it can help reduce contamination — although this method isn’t foolproof. “Washing works better on fruits and vegetables, but it’s harder to wash off microbes (微生物) from meat due to their rougher surface,” said Charles P. Gerba, a microbiologist at the University of Arizona. The next time you’re tempted to eat that cookie you just dropped, remember: bacteria move fast. As hungry as you may be, do you really want to eat a Salmonella-laced cookie? 1.Why does the writer mention the conversation with Tom? A. To introduce the five-second rule. B. To confirm a popular assumption. C. To show the need to keep food clean. D. To discuss the harm caused by bacteria. 2.What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accurate. B. Mysterious. C. Insignificant. D. Unreasonable. 3.What finding of Donald Schaffner’s research challenged the five-second rule? A. The type of food can affect bacterial transfer. B. Bacterial transfer can take place immediately. C. Longer contact time results in more contamination. D. Bacterial transfer varies with different floor surfaces. 4.What does the writer think of the five-second rule? A. It helps to reduce waste food. B. It applies to fruits and vegetables. C. It is an unreliable rule that poses risks. D. It will result in contamination and illness. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·广东深圳宝安第一外国语学校·期中）Here’s something worth tweeting about: Being around more birds can boost your family’s happiness. A German study of more than 26,000 Europeans found that the cheeriest folks lived near natural areas with a wider diversity of bird species. Birds are an indicator species, meaning they basically function as a “check engine light” for biodiversity. When something is out of whack in nature, birds let us know by disappearing, because they need a healthy environment to survive. Since songbirds tend to be cute and colorful, it seems natural that having more of them close by is a good thing. But the mood lifter isn’t from the birds alone, researchers say. It’s the rich biodiversity or variety of life. Clint Francis, a Cal Poly biology professor who supervised a recent study, says that hearing bird songs while hiking can hike up our sense of well-being. Francis says it could be related to how our ancestors used birdsong and chatter as a cue for danger. “I think many people can relate to the experience of walking through a forest — birds are singing and chattering — then suddenly everything goes quiet,” he explains. “Our subconscious uses passive listening as a surveillance mechanism.” Hearing birds might also produce positive effects because it reminds us of previous happy experiences. “Birdsong might signal the arrival of nice weather and harsh winter conditions are behind us,” Francis adds. However, Francis says human-made noise is bad for birds. Based on his research, unwanted sounds — like traffic and gas-powered leaf blowers—tend to keep birds away. Plus, more background noise makes it hard to hear the birds. “This is one reason why people reported seeing and hearing more birds during the COVID-19 lockdown,” he explains. “To bring more biodiversity, birds, and happiness into your family’s life, create a wildlife habitat garden with the kids,” says David Mizejewski, a National Wildlife Federation naturalist. “No matter the size of your outdoor space, you can build a bird-friendly habitat and turn down the noise a little bit in your yard.” 1.What does Clint Francis’s study show? A. Blowing leaves can drive birds away easily. B. Being with diverse birds close by can lift your mood. C. The happiest thing is living near natural areas in Europe. D. Hiking is beneficial to your health because of the bird songs. 2.What does the underlined phrase “out of whack” mean in paragraph 2? A. Out of trouble. B. Out of sight. C. Out of order. D. Out of date. 3.Which of the following might Clint Francis agree with? A. Birdsong functions well in predicting weather. B. People can build a bird-friendly habitat to bring biodiversity. C. Sudden quietness in forest causes birdsong and chatter to disappear. D. Human-made noise became less during the COVID-19 lockdown. 4.What’s the main topic of the passage? A. Diverse birds enhancing happiness. B. Bonds between birds and happiness. C. A bird-friendly habitat for children. D. Birds for better living of humans. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·广东广州花都区第一中学·期中）Researches demonstrate that going barefoot or wearing minimalist shoes can help to restore foot strength and increase muscle size. In a 2021 study in Nature, participants wearing minimalist footwear increased their foot strength by an average of 57.4 percent over six months. “Most modern shoes have quite a tight toe box, meaning our toes are squeezed together and you can’t really press down or engage your toes and foot muscles,” says Harris, a doctor in London. Additionally, cushioned shoes reduce sensory input, making it harder to feel the ground beneath us. This may contribute to poor posture, reduced balance over time, and even arch collapse. While the research about the barefoot movement is promising, don’t throw out all of your shoes just yet. Switching too quickly can be a recipe for injury. Our feet have adapted to cushioned shoes. Plus, many of us are now hypersensitive to anything but smooth ground, so walking barefoot everywhere could be a painful attempt. Basically, you can’t just shed your shoes and break out into a jog: “That’s like having your arm in a cast for years,” says Harris. “Then take your cast off, and the first thing you do is go out and play tennis. Of course, you’re going to hurt your arm if you do that.” Transitioning too quickly can overload underused muscles, causing problems like stress fractures (骨折). Harris recommends starting slow. First, try walking around the house on a soft surface. Then, go for a short walk around the block. Increase the mileage slowly, adding a bit more each week. Proper footwear can help you with the shift, but when you first wear them, they’ll feel different from any shoes you’ve tried. The sensation of the ground beneath you may feel strange, so your feet may fatigue more quickly. Harris recommends getting a pointed massage ball to stimulate your nerve receptors. Walking barefoot more often can help strengthen your feet, but just like any other fitness trend, the barefoot movement may not be for everyone. Harris’ takeaway is that everyone should take a personalized approach. “Why is it great for one person and terrible for another? That’s not fully understood, and we’re still trying to tease that out,” he says. 1.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The risk of wearing shoes. B. The disadvantages of modern shoes. C. The limitation of the shoe pad. D. The potential issues of the foot. 2.Why did Harris compare going barefoot immediately with having an arm in a cast? A. Both situations are equally painful. B. Both situations require physical therapy. C. Both situations are related to muscle problems. D. Both situations involve a need for gradual adaptation. 3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about walking barefoot? A. Some exercise tools are needed. B. The transition process is gradual. C. A differentiated method is necessary. D. Both benefits and challenges await ahead. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Barefoot Walking Benefits Your feet. B. Barefoot Walking Is in Action. C. Modern Shoes Harm Your feet Muscle. D. Modern Shoes Outweigh Traditional Ones. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高三上·广东广州花都区第一中学·期中）Conservationists in Kaua’i’s Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge celebrated exciting milestones for two endangered seabird species in 2022, and they’re looking forward to more good news this year. Since 2015, American Bird Conservancy(ABC), Pacific Rim Conservation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have been translocating Newell’s Shearwater and Hawaiian Petrel chicks to a fenced-in area called Nihoku. The hope is to establish a new breeding colony for both species that is safe from threats like invasive species and sea-level rise. Last year, seven years of dedicated translocations paid off for both species. In summer, a translocated Newell’s Shearwater came back as an adult prospect for a nesting site for the first time, and in fall, a Hawaiian Petrel chick hatched by translocated parents successfully fledged (能飞). The Hawaiian Petrel news is a particular relief to the team, marking the official beginning of a Hawaiian Petrel colony within the fence. “I remember the start of this project — building the fence and bringing the first Hawaiian Petrel chicks to the site,” said George Wallace, director of international programs for ABC. “Because of the long period of time to first breeding in the species, it’s a gradual process getting a colony started this way, but it is working.” Since 2015, conservationists have translocated dozens of chicks of both species to Nihoku to establish a new colony. After the seabirds fledge, they typically spend four to five years foraging on the open seas as they mature to breeding age, then return to breed at the site where they fledged. That means efforts like these require a leap of faith — conservationists had to persist for years before knowing whether efforts would pay off. But many consider it worth the risk because without places like Nihoku, both species could be on track to extinction. Newell’s Shearwater numbers fell by 95 percent during that time. The biggest threat for both species is invasive mammals like cats and rats that prey (捕食) on eggs and chicks. The exciting new developments are a sign of hope and a testament to years of hard work, patience, and determination from partners working to secure these seabirds’ future survival. 1.Why were two seabird species displaced within a fence? A. Because their former habitats were flooded. B. Because they were protected to produce new birds. C. Because they both were the subjects of this program. D. Because there were no invasive mammals like cats and rats. 2.What did George Wallace think of the program? A. It still has a long way to go. B. It finally is a great success. C. It’s likely to function well. D. Its effect remains to be seen. 3.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The introduction to two seabird species. B. The threats facing endangered seabirds in Kaua’i. C. The conservation efforts for two seabird species in Kaua’i. D. The challenges of establishing a new breeding colony for seabirds. 4.What is the feeling of conservationists towards the progress? A. Grateful. B. Defensive. C. Tolerant. D. Encouraged. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东揭阳惠来县第一中学·11月·期中）According to a new research, cutting off rhinos’ horns (犀牛角) reduces illegal hunting of the animals by nearly 80%. Rhinos are hunted for their horns, and scientists think there are now fewer than 28,000 rhinos left in the world. A team of researchers studied different rhino protection methods used in Greater Kruger NationalPark, South Africa, between 2017 and 2023. About 25% of Africa’s rhino population lives in GreaterKruger, and the researchers wanted to find out which methods worked well. The protection methods they studied included using detection cameras, tracking dogs, helicopters, and rangers (护林员) to keep an eye out for illegal hunters. More than 700 illegal hunters were arrested, but the researchers found that arresting the illegal hunters didn’t significantly reduce the number of rhinos that were killed. Another method that is being used to protect the rhinos is to cut off their horns, which is called “dehorning”. This doesn’t hurt the animals because their horns are made of keratin, the same substance that makes up human hair and fingernails. That is, the horns can grow back over time, so the average rhino needs to be dehorned every 18 months to two years. The researchers found that dehorning reduced hunting by 78%. While dehorning rhinos can save the animals’ lives, another study discovered that the method changes their behavior. It found that dehorned rhinos are less likely to get involved in social interactions with other rhinos, and the area they choose to cover as they move around is much smaller. Scientists think that because rhinos use their horns in battles to protect their territory, without a horn they may become more cautious (谨慎的) and avoid conflicts. Researcher Tim Kuiper from Nelson Mandela University in South Africa told The Guardian newspaper that dehorning rhinos shouldn’t be the long-term solution. Ultimately, conservationists want to address the causes of illegal hunting. 1.What is the main goal of the research in Greater Kruger National Park? A. To seek for best rhino protection ways. B. To calculate the global rhino population. C. To explain why hunters want rhino horns. D. To analyze rhinos’ social habits in the wild. 2.Why is dehorning harmless to rhinos? A. Their horns are renewable. B. Experts perform their dehorning. C. Their horns are inconvenient for growth. D. They can still defend themselves without horns. 3.How does dehorning influence rhinos’ behavior? A. They no longer care about their territory. B. They become more fierce to fight enemies. C. They often stay with other rhinos for safety. D. They reduce their social contact and moving range. 4.Which is the best title for the text? A. Research: a key to effective rhino protection B. Illegal hunting: a big threat facing wild rhinos C. Rangers: an important force against rhino hunting D. Dehorning: a double-edged measure for rhino protection Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东深圳宝安第一外国语学校·期中）Everyone knows the horrible feeling: A stuffy night, just a little too warm, leads to restless sleep, and then next morning, you feel like a slow shell of yourself. Now a new study links sleep loss with climate change. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that ever-warmer nighttime temperatures push bedtimes later and wake times earlier, costing us precious nighttime rest. Sleepers tracked in the study lost rest even in places where temperatures weren’t blazingly high, and had trouble adapting to even mildly challenging sleep temperatures. And sleep costs, the researchers warn, will rise as temperatures do, potentially costing sleepers an extra 13 to 15 days of poor sleep each year by the end of the century. It’s a very clear example of how climate change is playing out in people’s everyday lives. Sleep loss from climate change “is already happening,” says Kelton Minor, the lead author of the study at the University of Copenhagen. Minor and his colleagues looked at data collected worldwide between 2021 and 2023 from nearly 50,000 people’s wristband activity trackers. The trackers recorded when those people fell asleep, woke up, and how they slept in between. The researchers could match sleepers’ locations with location-specific climate data. That let the researchers compare the sleep data with local outdoor temperatures. They were looking at continuous records of individual people. They could see how someone slept on a cool night in June versus a hot one a few days later, or how they reacted to an unseasonably warm February night. The dataset was unique in that it didn’t rely on self-reports. It also spanned the world, while the few previous studies looking at the direct relationship between climate and sleep focused on just a few people. What was more remarkable were the results. People slept most when outside temperatures were below 50°F (10℃) . Above that threshold, their chances of sleeping less than seven hours went way up. Above 77°F (25℃) , the losses accelerated. When outdoor nighttime temperatures topped 86°F (30℃) , people lost an average of about 15 minutes a night. 1.What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To present a stuffy night. B. To lead in the topic. C. To show climate change. D. To highlight nighttime rest. 2.What can we learn about the study? A. Slight temperature change will affect the sleep quality. B. Sleep loss from climate change will happen in the near future. C. The trackers can automatically match sleepers’ locations with climate data. D. Sleepers tracked in the study lost rest in places where temperatures were high. 3.What was special about the dataset used in the study? A. It covered just a few people from Copenhagen. B. It included information about indoor temperatures. C. It collected information from the trackers’ self-reports. D. It used continuous and objective sleep data from a large scale. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. When the suitable sleep temperature is. B. Why the study results are more remarkable. C. Climate change is consuming precious sleep. D. Poor sleep has big personal and economic costs. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中）Digital nomads (数字游民) are individuals who work remotely using mobile devices while traveling to different places. Their work, life, travel, and leisure are smoothly connected online, unlike traditional lifestyles where these activities are separate. Bloggers, streamers, programmers and others are examples of this group, and they are becoming a common sight in many communities. Yang Jie, who has studied urban mobility for five years, doesn’t deny the challenges digital nomads bring. “They can strain local housing resources — especially in popular neighborhoods where rent has already gone up,” she admitted. “And some stay only a month or two, so their community connection feels thin at first.” Yet she’s quick to note these issues aren’t inherent to the group. “Most don’t want to be ‘outsiders’ — they ask about local traditions, choose small family-owned cafes over chains, and some even promote lesser-known local attractions with content. Unlike transient visitors who leave no trace, their presence benefits the community long-term. The problem isn’t the nomads, but how we adapt,” the tourism planner told the Global Times. Lu Boke, who owns a hotel in the scenic Mandu Ancient Village in the Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, has met a lot of digital nomads. “We focus on bringing together local and non-local youth to help them learn and grow together. For example, we have organized discussions on career paths and professional skills, gathering digital nomads and the local youth. Many of the non-local young professionals come from major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. They are often highly skilled in their fields. This makes them valuable examples for the local youth, who need guidance and inspiration to grow and improve,” Lu said. According to a report by Lishui Daily, the highlights of digital nomads include services such as business resource matching, social interaction opportunities, and access to cultural and tourism benefits for digital nomads. Lishui encourages digital nomads to take part in promoting local agricultural product sales. Digital nomads gain the opportunity to appreciate and explore original cultures, work in peaceful settings, and connect with local communities. Meanwhile, local governments and communities benefit from increased economic activity, greater cultural diversity, and the advancement of tourism development. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By presenting a viewpoint. B. By providing an argument. C. By explaining a definition. D. By citing a famous saying. 2.How does Yang Jie feel about digital nomads’ impact on local tourism? A. Positive B. Puzzled. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 3.In what way do digital nomads help the local youth according to Lu Boke? A. They provide job options. B. They serve as role models C. They show healthy values. D. They bring increased earnings. 4.What best describes the relationship between digital nomads and local communities? A. Competitive. B. Overdependent. C. One-sided. D. Win-win. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中）Do you use emojis — small digital symbols — when texting someone or posting on social media? One thing that people commonly notice when texting is that there are huge differences among people regarding emoji use. Some rarely, if ever, add a smiley to texting conversations, while others often put five different emojis at the end of every sentence. One common finding reported by several studies is that women use emojis more often than men. What is not well understood, though, is to what extent different aspects of personality affect emoji use. To answer this question, a new study, published in Current Psychology, scientifically investigated the link between emoji use and different personality variables across genders. In the study, the research team, led by Sheila M. Kennison of Oklahoma State University, gathered data from 280 undergraduate students (135 male students and 145 female students). First, the scientists gathered information on the volunteers’ emoji use. Moreover, the scientists examined different aspects of personality in the volunteers using surveys. The study presented several interesting findings. Men and women showed different relationships between emoji use and personality. Higher emoji use was linked to higher narcissism (自恋) in both women and men, with highly narcissistic women showing the most emoji use. For men only, higher Machiavellianism (权术主义) was linked to more emoji use, and those with a moody character and difficulties dealing with negative emotions specifically used more negative emojis than other people. Both men and women with higher extraversion (外向性) reported more emoji use than introverted people. Moreover, high adventure-seeking in men and high openness in women were linked to more emoji use. Taken together, the most interesting finding was a link between emoji use and narcissism, particularly in women. The scientists assumed that this link could be explained by the fact that emojis may be used as part of a communication strategy centered on self-promotion and impression management. 1.What is the focus of the new study? A. The rate of emoji use across genders. B. Differences in communication methods. C. Emoji preferences linked to age groups. D. The influence of characteristics on emoji use. 2.Who is more likely to use emojis habitually according to the study? A. A shy boy. B. A powerful female. C. A self-centered girl. D. A self-controlled man. 3.What may a woman gain through emoji use? A. A favorable personal image. B. Skills in self-management. C. Improvement in confidence. D. Perfect performance at work. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How Emojis Reveal narcissism B. What Contributes to Emoji Usage C. Emojis: Tools for Communication D. Emojis: Ways to Strengthen Relations 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高三上·广东汕头金山中学·期中）Who are your best friends on campus? Are they the ones you encountered most often in class? Are they your fellows in drama club or debate society? Something that has to influence whether people become friends is simple physical proximity. And, in fact, the most lasting friendships are developed between people whose paths cross frequently. A number of studies have demonstrated the effects of proximity on who become friends. One was conducted at MIT in the 1940s. The incoming students were randomly assigned to 17 ten-unit apartment buildings that were isolated from other residential areas, and few of them knew one another beforehand. The investigators asked each resident to name the three people in the student housing project with whom they socialized most often. The effect of proximity was striking: two-thirds of those listed as friends lived in the same building as the respondent, even though those in the same building represented only 5 percent of the target residents. More striking still was the pattern of friendships within each building. Even though the physical distance between apartments was quite small — 19 feet between the doorways of neighboring apartments and 89 feet between those at the ends of each hallway — 41 percent of those living in neighboring apartments listed each other as friends, compared with only 10 percent of those living at opposite ends of the hallway. Proximity leads to friendship because it facilitates chance encounters. If so, then pure physical distance should matter less than functional distance — the influence of an architectural layout to encourage or discourage contact between people. The MIT study shows just how important functional distance is. As the following Figure indicates, the stairs are positioned such that upstairs residents will encounter the occupants of apartments at the turn of the stairs much more often than the occupants of the middle apartments. And in fact, the residents of the two stair-end apartment formed twice as many friendships with their upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments. Figure of the MIT Study Thus, it’s functional distance more than physical distance that is decisive. Proximity promotes friendship because it brings people together. Actually, in later studies involving more diverse populations, the largest effects of proximity on friendship formation have been found between people of different races, ages, or social classes. 1.What can be concluded from the MIT study? A. Friends play an important role in one’s daily life. B. Frequency of encounters decides the living distance. C. People with shared interests are more likely to befriends. D. The more often two people meet, the closer their relationship is. 2.What method did the MIT researchers employ in their study? A. Case study. B. Recording analysis. C. In-lab observation. D. Online questionnaire. 3.Which apartment’s residents in the Figure above may make most friends in the building? A. Apartment 1. B. Apartment 2. C. Apartment 6. D. Apartment 7. 4.Why did researchers carry out later studies? A. Previous study results are contradictory. B. Previous study methods lack scientific support. C. The sample in the previous study is not representative. D. The data in the previous study are not up-to-date enough. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中） Several Jobs That Will Be Automated By Artificial Intelligence(AI) And Robots Translator Image recognition software and voice recognition software are bringing some major advances to language translation. Applications like Google’s Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there are a lot of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for you. Some will even speak the phrase for you and raw word-to-word translation will be fully automated soon. Fast food workers Automated ordering booths have already made their way into a few McDonald’s restaurants around the world, and cooking positions could be removed next. The booths probably can’t handle customer service problems well, so televideo systems could bring in an office employee to deal with complaints. Field technician New advances in the Internet of Things could make this work abandoned. Low-cost sensors combined with high availability cellular／satellite communications and cloud technology are being started to automate and alarm these sites, and can be checked and maintained from a desktop or mobile device. Sales representative But, e-commerce is changing how we make purchasing decisions, especially those where there isn’t much differentiation (区分度) among the major competitors. If you’re selling a high-differentiation product or a high-price, low-volume(体积) product, you have some job security, but if you’re selling a high-volume, low-differentiation product, you better start polishing your resume, said Doug Camplejohn, CEO of Fliptop. “These kind of product sales are all moving online. ” 1.Google’s Word Lens can_______. A. Make real-time translation. B. Speak the phrase or word for you. C. Translate by image and voice recognition software. D. Allow you to type in a word or phrase. 2.What can we infer from the second part? A. All the restaurants own automated ordering booths. B. Service problems can’t be handled automatically. C. Cooks will not be automated by AI and robots. D. Customers will have no complaints because of AI. 3.What does the author mean by “you better start polishing your resume” in the last paragraph? A. You must value your present work. B. You have some job security. C. You should consider changing the job. D. Your resume needs correcting further. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东广雅中学·期中）Drag and drop your files, or type, paste, and edit text here. Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. Free users can use any available Free Voices unlimitedly, sample Premium Voices for 20 minutes per day, and Plus Voices for 5 minutes per day. Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages. You can also listen on the go with our mobile app. By using your phone’s camera, you can scan physical books and notes and change them into speech. Offline listening is also supported, making it convenient for travel or other situations where internet access is limited. If you are interested in using our voices for non-personal purposes, such as YouTube videos, e-learning, or other commercial or public projects, please check out our Natural Reader AI Voice Generator web application for more information and licensing options. Our Chrome extension allows you to listen to webpages, Google Docs, online Kindle books, and emails directly from your browser. The extension supports both free and subscription voices, depending on your plan. 1.What is the major function of Natural Reader? A. Create videos. B. Write a speech. C. Generate images. D. Turn text into audio. 2.What is only available for paid subscription? A. Offline use of LLM. B. Automatic text translation. C. Efficient voice cloning. D. Access to digitalized books. 3.What is the text? A. A subscription plan. B. A program user guide. C. A job advertisement. D. A mobile app review. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Natural Reader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology.(自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术)”可知，自然阅读器的主要功能是将文本转换为音频。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages.(我们的Plus订阅包括独家功能，例如访问Plus和LLM（大型语言模型）语音，这是我们最新和最先进的语音。使用LLM技术，您甚至可以在几分钟内克隆自己的声音，并使其说100多种语言)”可知，高效的语音克隆只适用于付费订阅。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. (自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术。我们的应用程序有免费和付费订阅，以满足不同预算的不同用户的需求)”以及文章主要介绍了一个名为Natural Reader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。可知，文章是程序使用指南。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东揭阳惠来县第一中学·11月·期中）Scientists have long used visual tasks to study dogs, but research into dog vision is relatively recent. “They do see color, but they do not see in black and white; that is a common misconception,” says Madeline H. Pelgrim, a researcher at Brown University. While humans can see red, yellow, blue, and the range of colors in between, like orange and green, dogs’ processing cones (视锥细胞) only pick up yellow and blue; however, they lack the medium-wavelength cone required to perceive green. Dogs see well, and they do use color clues, particularly during the day. In a 2025 study, researchers collected more than 20,000 gazes (注视) of 11 dogs. They found dogs relied on their vision to process whatever they found interesting. The gazes were riveted upon people, plants, vehicles and the pavement (人行道) “We now have an understanding of the percentage of time they are looking at the ground in front of them. It’s not too dissimilar from people,” says Pelgrim. The study also found something interesting about dogs’ attention. “What one dog found meaningful, another ignored. One dog, for example, took a strong interest in a bus that ran across the Brown University campus. Every time the bus was available, he was drawn to it,” says Pelgrim. “We had another dog that walked right past it and cared less, not even worth a gaze.” But the dogs did share one interest in something they found worthy of looking at —— humans. The study was distinct from other research into dog vision because the dogs weren’t given a visual task to complete. They were being their normal selves, going on a walk, which enabled the research team to understand what dogs chose to look at. “At people in the distance, they would focus on them, almost trying to figure them out,” Pelgrim says. “But we saw their quick gazes back to their owner or me, who was working with them.” 1.What can we say about dogs according to paragraph 2? A. They live in a black-and-white world. B. They can’t distinguish green. C. They rely on color clues to walk at night. D. They are interested in yellow color. 2.Which best replaces the underlined phrase “riveted upon” in paragraph 3? A. Attracted to. B. Blocked by. C. Compared with. D. Exchanged for. 3.What does Pelgrim think of dogs concerning what caught their attention? A. They were extremely focused. B. They were slightly frightened. C. They were somewhat sensitive. D. They were very individualistic 4.How do dogs see humans? A. They often look at humans for instructions. B. They seldom focus on humans’ real emotions. C. They expect humans to be interested in them. D. They give different gazes to different humans. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于狗狗视觉能力、对不同事物的注意力特点等方面的科学知识。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段““They do see color, but they do not see in black and white; that is a common misconception,” says Madeline H. Pelgrim, a researcher at Brown University. While humans can see red, yellow, blue, and the range of colors in between, like orange and green, dogs’ processing cones (视锥细胞) only pick up yellow and blue; however, they lack the medium-wavelength cone required to perceive green.(“它们确实能看到颜色，并不是只看黑白；认为它们只能看黑白是一种常见的误解，”布朗大学的研究人员Madeline H. Pelgrim说。人类可以看到红、黄、蓝以及介于两者之间的一系列颜色，比如橙色和绿色，而狗的处理锥细胞只能看到黄色和蓝色；然而，它们缺乏感知绿色所需的中波锥细胞)”可知，根据本段可知，狗不能分辨绿色。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据前文“In a 2025 study, researchers collected more than 20,000 gazes (注视) of 11 dogs.(在2025年的一项研究中，研究人员收集了11只狗的2万多次凝视)”以及后文“We now have an understanding of the percentage of time they are looking at the ground in front of them. It’s not too dissimilar from people,(我们现在了解了他们盯着前方地面的时间比例。它与人类并没有太大的不同)”可知，此处是研究狗的凝视的物体和时间比例，所以推知riveted upon应是“集中于”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“The study also found something interesting about dogs’ attention. “What one dog found meaningful, another ignored. One dog, for example, took a strong interest in a bus that ran across the Brown University campus. Every time the bus was available, he was drawn to it,” says Pelgrim. “We had another dog that walked right past it and cared less, not even worth a gaze.”(该研究还发现了有关狗狗注意力的一些有趣现象。“对于一只狗来说觉得有意义的事物，另一只狗可能会忽视。例如，有一只狗对穿梭于布朗大学校园的一辆公交车表现出极大兴趣。每次这辆公交车出现，它都会被吸引过去，”Pelgrim说道。“我们还有另一只狗，它径直从公交车旁走过，毫不在意，连看都懒得看一眼。”)”可知，Pelgrim认为每只狗注意的对象不同，体现其个性。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study was distinct from other research into dog vision because the dogs weren’t given a visual task to complete. They were being their normal selves, going on a walk, which enabled the research team to understand what dogs chose to look at. “At people in the distance, they would focus on them, almost trying to figure them out,” Pelgrim says. “But we saw their quick gazes back to their owner or me, who was working with them.”(这项研究与以往其他针对狗狗视觉的研究不同，因为这些狗狗没有被安排完成视觉任务。它们只是保持日常状态，在散步，这让研究团队能够了解狗狗会选择注视什么。Pelgrim说：“对于远处的人，它们会盯着看，几乎像是在试图弄清楚对方是谁。”“但我们注意到，它们会迅速将目光转回主人或和我（与它们一起工作的人）身上。”)”可知，狗对不同的人有不同的眼神。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·广东汕头·联考）An experiment was a striking attempt to investigate weight control. For six weeks, a group of mice fed on high-fat food, and then scientists infected the mice with worms (蠕虫). Bruno Guigas, a molecular biologist at the Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, led this study some years back and the results, he says, were quite amazing. The mice lost fat and gained less weight overall than mice not exposed to worms. Within a month or so, he recalls, the scientists barely needed their measuring tool to see that the mice infected with worms lost more weight than the ones not exposed to worms. Infection with worms seems to have fought obesity (肥胖), the researchers reported in 2015. While it’s true that worms eat up the food their hosts might otherwise digest, that doesn’t seem to be the only factor at work here. There’s also some complicated biology within the emerging scientific field of immunometabolism (免疫代谢). Over the past couple of decades, researchers have recognized that the immune system doesn’t just fight infection. It’s also associated with organs like the liver, the pancreas and fat tissue, and implicated in the progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These and other metabolic disorders generate a troublesome immune response — inflammation (炎症), which worsens metabolism still further. Metabolic disease, sometimes, is inflammatory disease. Scientists have also observed the metabolic influence of worms in people who became naturally infected with the worms or were purposely seeded with worms in clinical trials. While the physiology isn’t fully understood, the worms seem to be real masters at controlling inflammation, as discussed in the 2024 Annual Review of Nutrition. Worms can be dangerous in high numbers, and cause symptoms such as diarrhea and malnutrition in those at high risk, including children. But for most people, infection with a few worms is benign. They can coexist with humans. “We’re never going to cure or treat metabolic disease with worm infections,” says Guigas. “They cause unpleasant side effects, and it would be impractical to infect millions of people with worms. But the findings could inspire more traditional treatments, which might bring fewer negative effects.” 1.What happened to the mice exposed to worms within about a month? A. They became sick of high-fat food. B. They broke free of the infected worms. C. They infected the mice not exposed to worms. D. They got noticeably thinner than worm-free mice. 2.What can be learned from paragraph 4? A. Inflammatory disease can be cured with worms. B. Treating metabolic disease demands deworming. C. The immune system only fights against infection. D. Controlling inflammation may benefit metabolism. 3.What does the underlined word “benign“ in paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Harmless. B. Dangerous. C. Complex. D. Avoidable. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Studies on Mice: The Key to Weight Control B. Worms Can Help to Fight Metabolic Disease C. Worms: A Potential Threat to Human Health D. Inflammatory Disease Spreads Among People 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蠕虫对代谢健康的积极影响及相关研究，为代谢疾病治疗提供了新思路。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The mice lost fat and gained less weight overall than mice not exposed to worms. Within a month or so, he recalls, the scientists barely needed their measuring tool to see that the mice infected with worms lost more weight than the ones not exposed to worms.(感染了蠕虫的老鼠比未感染的老鼠减少了脂肪，总体增重也更少。他回忆说，大约一个月左右，科学家们几乎不用测量工具就能看出感染了蠕虫的老鼠比未接触蠕虫的老鼠体重减轻得更多)”可知，大约一个月之内，相较于没有感染蠕虫的老鼠，感染蠕虫的老鼠很明显变瘦了。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“These and other metabolic disorders generate a troublesome immune response — inflammation (炎症), which worsens metabolism still further.(这些以及其他类型的代谢紊乱会引发一种棘手的免疫反应——炎症，而这种炎症还会进一步损害代谢过程)”可知，炎症会进一步恶化代谢。由此可推断，控制炎症可能对代谢有益。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“They can coexist with humans.(它们能够与人类共存)”可知，寄生虫能够与人类共存，因此，感染寄生虫是无害的，benign与harmless“无害的”意思相近。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段““We’re never going to cure or treat metabolic disease with worm infections,” says Guigas. “They cause unpleasant side effects, and it would be impractical to infect millions of people with worms. But the findings could inspire more traditional treatments, which might bring fewer negative effects.”(吉加斯表示：“我们绝不可能通过寄生虫感染来治愈或治疗代谢性疾病。这些感染会带来不良副作用，而且让数百万人感染寄生虫也是不切实际的。但这些发现可能会激发更具传统性的治疗方法，这样或许能减少负面影响。”)”及全文内容可知，全文围绕蠕虫与代谢疾病（如肥胖）的关系展开，介绍了蠕虫感染能改善代谢健康这一研究发现，并提及相关人体试验的积极结果，暗示蠕虫有助于对抗代谢疾病。B选项“蠕虫有助于对抗代谢性疾病”为本文最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东广州6校联合·期中）On my first day at my current job, I came to work expecting a friendly welcome — but I was met with silence. After a quick introduction to the business manager, I was told where to get my ID and then left to figure the rest out on my own. I clearly remember walking into my first departmental meeting, eager to meet my colleagues, only for the boss to skip over introducing me completely. Not really the type of environment that inspires a feeling of belonging. The primary loneliness stuck with me. Instead of waiting for the workplace culture to change, I decided to create my own sense of community. I started a lunch group, which grew into a regular coffee hour. I invited new hires to join informal meetups, promoting connections before and after department meetings. Over time, this small, self-made network became my spirit support at work. But what if I hadn’t built that community myself? Chances are that I would have left the job. Increasingly, researchers are realizing that developing a sense of belonging is critical for workforce stability. Historically, studies on supporting workforce stability have focused on more basic factors like pay, hours, and workload. These are all important qualities that cannot be overlooked. But they are not enough. You must have heard of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The theory suggests lower-level needs must be met before you can progress to higher-level needs. At the base of Maslow’s hierarchy, physiological and safety needs must be met. This is where fundamentals like pay, hours, and workplace safety would fall. Just above that is the need for love and belonging. In a workplace, this translates to a sense of connection and feeling like part of the team. According to Maslow’s theory, it’s impossible to be the best version of ourselves without meeting these fundamental needs. So although, yes, being paid fairly is important, to motivate employees to operate at their highest level, you need to create an environment where people feel they truly matter. 1.What did the writer experience on the first day of his new job? A. A hearty reception from colleagues. B. Thorough guidance at the workplace. C. Emotional distance between coworkers. D. Brief training from the business manager. 2.What is the writer’s purpose of starting a lunch group? A. Establishing a regular break time. B. Building up a shared identity. C. Passing on the workplace culture. D. Conducting meetings during meals. 3.Why does the writer introduce Maslow’s theory? A. To describe an ideal working environment. B. To discuss spiritual role in job satisfaction. C. To suggest an effective management method. D. To explain factors to keeping the workforce. 4.What does the last paragraph imply for a workplace? A. Basic demands are equal to emotional needs. B. Fair payment is the core of staff motivation. C. A culture of belonging develops staff’s potential. D. Basic needs make the best versions of staff. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述自己初入职场时遭遇同事间情感冷漠，缺乏归属感。为改变这一状况，作者主动创建交流小组，构建了自己的职场社交圈。文章通过这一经历，引入马斯洛需求层次理论，强调在工作场所，满足员工归属感等高层次需求对维持员工稳定性、激发员工最大潜能的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“On my first day at my current job, I came to work expecting a friendly welcome — but I was met with silence. After a quick introduction to the business manager, I was told where to get my ID and then left to figure the rest out on my own. I clearly remember walking into my first departmental meeting, eager to meet my colleagues, only for the boss to skip over introducing me completely. Not really the type of environment that inspires a feeling of belonging.(在我现在这份工作的第一天，我期待着友好的欢迎，结果迎接我的却是沉默。被简短地介绍给业务经理之后，我被告知去哪里拿工作证，然后就只能自己去摸索其他事情了。我清楚地记得，我走进第一次部门会议，渴望见到同事，结果老板完全跳过了对我的介绍。这可不是那种能让人产生归属感的环境)”可知，作者在新工作第一天感受到同事间存在情感距离，故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The primary loneliness stuck with me. Instead of waiting for the workplace culture to change, I decided to create my own sense of community. I started a lunch group, which grew into a regular coffee hour. I invited new hires to join informal meetups, promoting connections before and after department meetings. Over time, this small, self - made network became my spirit support at work.(最初的孤独感一直伴随着我。我没有等待职场文化改变，而是决定自己营造一种群体归属感。我发起了一个午餐小组，后来发展成定期的咖啡时间。我邀请新员工参加非正式聚会，在部门会议前后增进联系。随着时间推移，这个小的、自己构建的社交圈成为我工作中的精神支柱)”可知，作者发起午餐小组是为了营造归属感，建立一种共同的身份认同。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“Chances are that I would have left the job. Increasingly, researchers are realizing that developing a sense of belonging is critical for workforce stability. Historically, studies on supporting workforce stability have focused on more basic factors like pay, hours, and workload. These are all important qualities that cannot be overlooked. But they are not enough.(很有可能我就辞职了。越来越多的研究人员意识到，培养归属感对员工队伍的稳定性至关重要。从历史上看，关于维持员工队伍稳定性的研究主要集中在薪酬、工作时间和工作量等更基本的因素上。这些都是不可忽视的重要因素，但它们并不够)”以及第四段引入马斯洛需求层次理论可知，作者介绍该理论是为了解释维持员工队伍稳定的因素，故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Maslow’s theory, its impossible to be the best version of ourselves without meeting these fundamental needs. So although, yes, being paid fairly is important, to motivate employees to operate at their highest level, you need to create an environment where people feel they truly matter.(根据马斯洛的理论，如果不满足这些基本需求，我们就不可能成为最好的自己。所以，虽然公平薪酬很重要，但要激励员工发挥出最高水平，你需要营造一种让人们觉得自己真正重要的环境)”可知，在工作场所，归属感文化能激发员工潜力。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·广东汕头金山中学·期中）“Growing fruit trees is a very simple way to stay in love with our world,” says Vivian Keh, playwright and daughter of immigrants, holding a basket of persimmons (柿子) she’s cultivated to feel connected to her Korean ancestors. Keh is just one of the 50 remarkable subjects in naturalist writer Amy Stewart’s The Tree Collectors: Tales of Arboreal Obsession, a collection of portraits of people transformed by their love of trees. Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect. Intrigued by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservationists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons diverse as their projects. They plant trees in public and private spaces both modest and expansive, nurturing (培育) their collections to honor beloved dead, attract wildlife, preserve rare species’ connect to history, invest in the future, grow food and create beauty. Steward categorizes these tree collectors according to their sense of purpose. Kenneth Hoegh, one of the book’s “ecologists”, tests which cold-loving species might grow in a warming and historically treeless Greenland. “Healer” Joe Hamilton plants loblolly pines on a parcel of land he got from his enslaved ancestors with an eye toward long-term sustainable forestry which he hopes will establish a source of generational wealth for his family. Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the “community builders” who seek to bring people together. Adding to the book’s charm are Stewart’s watercolor’ illustrations — she gives Us a look at each of her human subjects while also cataloging the most wonderful qualities of featured trees, such as Seussian eucalyptus seed pods and delicate camellia blossoms. After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you’ll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak. But something even deeper is happening here: by creating a space for people to talk about something they love. “How often do any of us get a chance to pour our hearts out to a stranger?” she writes. “Somehow, talking about trees made it possible.” 1.What does the underlined word “curation” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Connection. B. Collection. C. Treatment. D. Transformation, 2.What purpose of planting trees is mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To preserve rare species. B. To honor beloved dead. C. To develop new varieties. D. To strengthen social bonds. 3.What does the quote in the last paragraph suggest about discussing trees? A. It inspires new ideas. B. It rarely happens in public. C. It allows deep emotional sharing. D. It helps resolve environmental issues. 4.What does the writer think of the book? A. Complicated. B. Conventional. C. Inspiring. D. Intense. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然主义作家艾米·斯图尔特的作品The Tree Collectors: Tales of Arboreal Obsession，该书描绘了50位因对树木的热爱而改变的人物。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。由文章第二段“Initially, trees struck Stewart as an odd thing to collect. Intrigued by this community of enthusiasts, she discovered educators, preservationists and visionaries, all drawn to a kind of curation, motivated by reasons diverse as their projects.(起初，斯图尔特觉得收集树木很奇怪。被这个爱好者群体所吸引，她发现了教育工作者、保护主义者和梦想家，他们都被这一种 所吸引，其动机与他们的项目不同)”可知，这里curation应指前一句中所提及的收集，所以猜测curation表“收集”的意思。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第三段“‘Healer’ Joe Hamilton plants loblolly pines on a parcel of land he got from his enslaved ancestors with an eye toward long-term sustainable forestry which he hopes will establish a source of generational wealth for his family. Reagan Wytsalucy has a plan to restore traditional peach orchards on Navajo land as one of the ‘community builders’ who seek to bring people together.(‘治疗师’乔·汉密尔顿在他从被奴役的祖先那里获得的一块土地上种植火炬松，着眼于长期可持续的林业，他希望这将为他的家庭建立一代人的财富来源。Reagan Wytsalucy计划恢复纳瓦霍土地上的传统桃园，作为寻求将人们聚集在一起的‘社区建设者’之一)”可知，第3段提到植树是可以加强社会联系的。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘How often do any of us get a chance to pour our hearts out to a stranger?’ she writes. ‘’Somehow, talking about trees made it possible.’(她写道：‘我们中有多少人有机会向陌生人倾诉心声？不知何故，和树聊天可以使这成为可能。’)”可知，和树聊天可允许人们进行深度的情感分享。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“After spending time in this varied commonwealth, you’ll undoubtedly experience an intense desire to rest under the shade of a leafy oak. But something even deeper is happening here: by creating a space for people to talk about something they love. (在这个多样化的联邦度过一段时间后，你无疑会强烈渴望在绿树成荫的橡树下休息。但这里正在发生更深层次的事情：为人们创造一个谈论他们喜欢的事情的空间)”以及上下文可知，作者认为这本书鼓舞人心，会让读者爱上树以及向往书里的生活。故选C项。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （2026·广东汕头·联考）May 28, 2025, the collapse of Switzerland’s Birch glacier sent a deadly ice cloud into Blatten village, serving as a global warning — especially for threatened Asian communities near fragile ice. While climate change’s role in this specific event requires investigation, its broader impact on societies that rely on icy environments is undeniable, stated Ali Neumann at a UN-backed conference. Though one person remains missing, the moving of 300 residents to safety prevented mass deaths, proving timely crisis management reduces disaster scale. Swiss experts use sensors and satellites to monitor glaciers, but many Himalayan nations lack such resources. “The whole chain—from monitoring to danger communication—needs strengthening in Asia,” warned WMO’s Stefan Uhlenbrook, noting critical gaps in data connectivity. A 2024 UN report reveals two-thirds of Asia-Pacific nations have early warning systems, yet frontline countries remain least covered. “Monitoring exists but isn’t enough,” stressed Nepal’s ICIMOD geologist Sudan Maharjan, mentioning landform challenges and funding shortages. This difference costs lives: Disaster deaths average 338 per event in Asia-Pacific versus 189 globally. Himalayan glaciers — vital for 2 billion people—are melting at unprecedented rates, triggering glacial lake outbursts and permafrost（永久冻土） landslides. “Exporting Swiss tech isn’t sufficient,” argued geoscientist Jakob Steiner. “Complex disasters demand community cooperation as much as technology.” “Mere monitoring is inadequate,” emphasized the Asian Development Bank’s Declan Magee, “We must rethink infrastructure locations and reduce weakness.” Nepal’s May landslide that destroyed Til village demonstrated this urgency. “In Switzerland, escape plan came days early; here we had seconds.” said climate activist Tashi Lhazom. The accelerating crisis demands integrated action. As glaciers disappear, communities face unpredictable disasters—exposing a serious need for globally equal preparedness. 1.What prevented mass deaths in Blatten village’s glacier collapse? A. Advanced satellite monitoring. B. Effective emergency management. C. Global warning systems. D. Strengthened infrastructure. 2.What can be inferred about Himalayan nations from UN data? A. They prioritize tech over community. B. They employ Swiss models successfully. C. Their early-warning coverage is inadequate. D. Their funding shortages are resolved. 3.What does the underlined word “ difference” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Gap in disaster monitoring capacity. B. Variation in global death rates. C. Contrast between disaster types. D. Difference in community responses. 4.What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this article? A. To compare glacier monitoring technologies. B. To analyze climate change’s role in a Swiss disaster. C. To advocate for global equality in disaster preparedness. D. To highlight the increased hi-tech usage in emergencies. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了 2025 年 5 月 28 日瑞士伯奇冰川坍塌事件，以此引出气候变化对依赖冰川环境的亚洲社区的影响。指出瑞士与喜马拉雅地区国家在冰川监测等应对灾害能力上存在差距，强调全球在灾害防范方面需实现平等，采取综合行动。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Though one person remains missing, the moving of 300 residents to safety prevented mass deaths, proving timely crisis management reduces disaster scale.(尽管仍有一人失踪，但 300 名居民被转移到安全地带，避免了大规模死亡，这证明及时的危机管理降低了灾害规模)” 可知，是有效的应急管理阻止了布拉滕村冰川坍塌中的大规模死亡。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Swiss experts use sensors and satellites to monitor glaciers, but many Himalayan nations lack such resources. “The whole chain—from monitoring to danger communication—needs strengthening in Asia,” warned WMO’s Stefan Uhlenbrook, noting critical gaps in data connectivity. A 2024 UN report reveals two - thirds of Asia - Pacific nations have early warning systems, yet frontline countries remain least covered.(瑞士专家利用传感器和卫星监测冰川，但许多喜马拉雅地区国家缺乏这类资源。世界气象组织的斯特凡・乌伦布鲁克警告称：“在亚洲，从监测到危险通报的整个链条都需要加强。” 他指出在数据连通性方面存在严重不足。2024 年联合国的一份报告显示，三分之二的亚太国家拥有预警系统，但前沿国家的覆盖范围仍然最小)” 可推断出，喜马拉雅国家的早期预警覆盖不足。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Swiss experts use sensors and satellites to monitor glaciers, but many Himalayan nations lack such resources.(瑞士专家使用传感器和卫星监测冰川，但许多喜马拉雅国家缺乏这些资源)” 以及第三段 “This difference costs lives: Disaster deaths average 338 per event in Asia - Pacific versus 189 globally.(这种差异造成了生命损失：亚太地区每次灾害平均死亡 338 人，而全球平均为 189 人)” 可知，“difference” 指的是灾害监测能力方面的差距。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The accelerating crisis demands integrated action. As glaciers disappear, communities face unpredictable disasters — exposing a serious need for globally equal preparedness.(这场不断加剧的危机需要采取综合性行动。随着冰川消融，各个社区面临着难以预测的灾难，这凸显出在全球范围内做好平等应对准备的迫切需求)” 可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是倡导全球在备灾方面的平等。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·广东肇庆肇庆第一中学·期中）Selective exposure is a psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to seek out and engage with media content that aligns (一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and values. This behavior has profound implications for how people form opinions and perceive the world, as it can lead to the reinforcement of existing views and a reduced exposure to diverse perspectives. Selective exposure is driven by several factors. Firstly, it serves as a form of cognitive comfort. People are more likely to engage with information that confirms their beliefs, as it requires less mental effort and provides a sense of confirmation. Secondly, it acts as a self-approval mechanism. Engaging with like-minded content can strengthen one’s self-esteem and identity, as it aligns with one’s personal values and beliefs. The consequences of selective exposure are various. It can lead to the formation of echo chambers, where individuals are only exposed to information that reinforces their views, leading to a divided and conflicting public discourse. Moreover, it can result in a lack of critical thinking, as individuals are not challenged by opposing viewpoints and may become more susceptible to misinformation and operation. Selective exposure is evident in various aspects of media consumption. For instance, individuals may choose to follow specific news outlets or social media accounts that align with their political leanings, thus creating personalized information bubbles. This selective engagement can also influence the type of entertainment consumed, such as preferring movies or TV shows that reflect one’s values. To counteract the effects of selective exposure, several strategies can be employed. One approach is to actively seek out diverse sources of information, which can broaden one’s perspective and foster a more balanced understanding of complex issues. Another strategy is to engage in critical media literacy, which involves questioning the credibility of sources and the motives behind the information presented. Selective exposure to media content is a significant factor in shaping individual worldviews and public discourse. By recognizing the tendency to engage with like-minded content and taking steps to diversify one’s information intake, individuals can foster a more subtle and informed understanding of the world. 1.What is the main reason individuals engage in selective exposure? A. To experience self-approval. B. To enhance their cognitive abilities. C. To encounter diverse perspectives. D. To challenge their pre-existing beliefs. 2.What is an echo chamber? A. A physical space where echos are studied. B. A device used to strengthen sound in large rooms. C. A viewpoint influenced by false media content. D. A situation where people engage with similar views. 3.How does the author show the common existence of selective exposure in media consumption? A. By giving examples. B. By providing definitions. C. By making comparisons. D. By describing stories. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Diverse Media Consumption B. Building Echo Chambers in the Digital Age C. The Impact of Selective Exposure on Opinion Formation D. Shaping Personal Identities through Selective Exposure 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了选择性接触是个体倾向于接触契合自身信念的媒体内容的心理现象，由认知舒适等因素驱动，易形成回音室，需通过多元信息摄入和媒介素养应对。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Secondly, it acts as a self-approval mechanism.(其次，它还起到了自我认可的作用)”可知，人们进行选择性接触的主要原因是为了获得自我认可。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“It can lead to the formation of echo chambers, where individuals are only exposed to information that reinforces their views, leading to a divided and conflicting public discourse.(这可能会导致“回音室”的形成，即人们只会接触到那些强化其原有观点的信息，从而导致公众讨论变得分裂且充满冲突)”可知，“回音室”是一种人们只与相同观点的人交流的情况。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Selective exposure is evident in various aspects of media consumption. For instance, individuals may choose to follow specific news outlets or social media accounts that align with their political leanings, thus creating personalized information bubbles. This selective engagement can also influence the type of entertainment consumed, such as preferring movies or TV shows that reflect one’s values.(选择性接触在媒体消费的各个方面都有所体现。例如，人们可能会选择关注那些与自身政治倾向相符的新闻媒体或社交媒体账号，从而形成个性化的信息茧房。这种选择性的参与方式还会对所消费的娱乐内容产生影响，比如更倾向于观看或收看能反映自身价值观的电影或电视节目)”可知，作者通过举例说明展示在媒体消费中存在选择性接触这一现象。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Selective exposure is a psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to seek out and engage with media content that aligns (一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and values.(选择性接触是一种心理现象，在这种现象中，个体往往会主动寻找并参与那些与他们已有的信念和价值观相一致的媒体内容)”结合文章主要说明了选择性接触是个体倾向于接触契合自身信念的媒体内容的心理现象，由认知舒适等因素驱动，易形成回音室，需通过多元信息摄入和媒介素养应对。可知，C选项“选择性接触对意见形成的影响”最符合文章标题。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东广州6校联合·期中）If you’re struggling to come up with something you’re grateful for this year, here’s something that can be celebrated: Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing medicine. AI is still in its infancy (初期), yet it is already promising to transform how physicians do their jobs. Take, for example, cancer screenings. A review of studies found AI could cut in half the miss rate for potential cancer and reduce the workload of radiologists by 68 percent. The benefit here is twofold: The technology can help identify cancer at earlier stages. It is also better at determining which tumors (肿瘤) are harmless, limiting the number of unnecessary and expensive tests that patients must undergo (not to mention the anxiety that comes with the procedures). And that’s just the start. In 2022, it is reported that about 6 percent of the more than 130 million people who go to emergency rooms every year are misdiagnosed (误诊). AI has the potential to significantly reduce those tragedies. A recent study out of Boston comparing the performance of chatbot-assisted physicians in diagnosing patients to just chatbots themselves found that the bots performed considerably better. AI can also speed up care in emergency settings. Hospitals that used AI to detect strokes from a patient’s brain scans were able to shave off almost 40 minutes before a surgeon could take action. That’s precious time that can save lives. The purpose is not to phase out humans in medicine; it is to give them better tools to aid their patients. And it could free up physicians’ time dedicated to dull routine tasks. Integrating this technology into medicine will surely run into bumps. Many people are likely to be doubtful about it, and some might fear it will make visits to the doctor even less personal than they already are. The development of AI has aroused great alarm in recent years. Its awesome power deserves caution, but not fear. We can take comfort in the fact that, when it comes to medicine, AI has proven to be beneficial — and is likely to remain so. 1.What is a benefit of using AI to screen for cancer? A. Freeing patients from medical tests. B. Detecting cancer in the initial stages. C. Identifying the sources of patients’ anxiety. D. Enhancing the cure rates of harmful cancer. 2.What is the primary purpose of applying AI to the medical field? A. To replace the roles of human physicians. B. To make visits to the doctor more personal. C. To provide professional training for physicians. D. To equip physicians with tools to assist patients. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The prospect of the AI market. B. The way to integrate AI into medicine. C. The challenge of adopting AI in medicine. D. The change of the patient-doctor relationship. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. AI: The End of Misdiagnoses B. AI in Medicine: A Force for Good C. The Rise of AI: Good News for Doctors D. AI: the Future of Personalized Medicine 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在医学领域的应用及其带来的好处，同时也指出了在应用过程中可能遇到的挑战和人们对它的担忧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The benefit here is twofold: The technology can help identify cancer at earlier stages. It is also better at determining which tumors (肿瘤) are harmless, limiting the number of unnecessary and expensive tests that patients must undergo (not to mention the anxiety that comes with the procedures).(其益处体现在两方面：该技术有助于在早期阶段识别癌症，还能更准确判断哪些肿瘤属于良性，从而减少患者接受不必要的高额检查(更不用说随之而来的焦虑感))”可知，使用人工智能进行癌症筛查的一个好处是能够在癌症的初始阶段就检测到它。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The purpose is not to phase out humans in medicine; it is to give them better tools to aid their patients. (目的不是要在医学领域淘汰人类；而是要给他们更好的工具来帮助他们的病人)”可知，将人工智能应用于医学领域的主要目的是为医生提供辅助病人的工具。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Integrating this technology into medicine will surely run into bumps. Many people are likely to be doubtful about it, and some might fear it will make visits to the doctor even less personal than they already are. (将这项技术融入医学肯定会遇到障碍。许多人可能会对此表示怀疑，有些人可能会担心这会让看医生变得更加没有人情味)”可知，第四段主要讨论了在医学领域采用人工智能技术可能面临的挑战和人们的担忧。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“If you’re struggling to come up with something you’re grateful for this year, here’s something that can be celebrated: Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing medicine. (如果你正在努力想出今年你要感谢的事情，这里有一件事值得庆祝：人工智能正在彻底改变医学)”和最后一段“The development of AI has aroused great alarm in recent years. Its awesome power deserves caution, but not fear. We can take comfort in the fact that, when it comes to medicine, AI has proven to be beneficial — and is likely to remain so.(近年来人工智能的发展引发了广泛担忧。其强大能力固然需要警惕，但无需恐惧。值得欣慰的是，在医疗领域人工智能已被证实具有积极作用——且这种积极影响有望持续存在)”可知，本文主要讨论了人工智能在医学领域的应用及其带来的好处，包括提高癌症筛查的准确率、减少误诊率、加速急救护理等，同时指出人工智能在医学领域的应用是为了辅助医生，而不是取代他们，因此，B项“AI in Medicine: A Force for Good(人工智能在医学领域：一股向善的力量)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中）Jeans are usually dyed with indigo (用靛蓝染料染色). But this dark purple-blue dyeing substance doesn’t easily mix into water. Thus, strong chemicals are used to break it down into a liquid that can turn the cloth blue. Each year, thousands of tons of these strong chemicals go into making jeans, already hurting the workers who handle them, let alone the fact that some of the chemicals can cause cancer. So Qvortrup, a chemist, wanted to find a safer and greener way to make jeans blue. For their new dyeing technique, the researchers chose to use indican (糖芥), a substance in plants that can help produce natural indigo dye and break down in water without harmful chemicals. Their first idea was to mix indican with an enzyme that would change it to indigo. It worked— the cloth turned blue within a few minutes. But then the team also placed pieces of cloth in indican alone and left them by the window in their lab. And to their surprise, these “were also turning blue without us doing anything,” Qvortrup said. As their research went on, the team found that sunlight could react with the indican on the cloth and turn it to indigo. Then, the team placed more cloth in an indican-only liquid under different light sources. “Over the next couple of hours, the cloth will turn blue, proving that the light will catalyze the color,” Qvortrup added. These methods are both promising. The enzyme-based method cut out the harmful impacts by more than 90 percent, compared to normal jeans dyeing and the light-driven dyeing might cut the impacts by more than 70 percent, the researchers said. However, the light method might take up less land than the enzyme method, and if the researchers can cut out electricity costs by dyeing with just sunlight, the light method may prove even better for the environment. “I hope these methods will have an impact even before they reach factories. Simply learning about more sustainable ways to make jeans may make jean-wearers think about where their clothes come from. If you want to wear blue jeans, be aware that there are better ways to make them than are used right now,” Qvortrup said. 1.What is the problem with the traditional way of dyeing jeans? A. Covering high labor costs. B. Missing the mark in fashion. C. Harming jeans makers’ health. D. Struggling with mass production. 2.What does “catalyze” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. hide. B. Develop. C. Remove. D. Match. 3.What is the advantage of light-driven dyeing over enzyme-based dyeing? A. Its space-saving capability. B. Its little side effect on cloth. C. Its efficiency in energy use. D. Its independence from electricity. 4.What do Qvortrup’s words in the last paragraph mainly imply? A. Improving factory equipment helps. B. Using green dye changes everything. C. Developing new dyes requires attention. D. Raising consumer awareness matters. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统牛仔裤染色使用强化学品危害健康和环境的问题，介绍了Qvortrup团队开发的两种更安全环保的染色新技术：酶法和光驱动法，并比较了它们的优缺点及对环境的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Each year, thousands of tons of these strong chemicals go into making jeans, already hurting the workers who handle them, let alone the fact that some of the chemicals can cause cancer.(每年，成千上万吨的强化学物质被用于制作牛仔裤，这已经伤害了处理这些化学物质的工人，更不用说其中一些化学物质会致癌了。)”可知，传统牛仔裤染色方式的问题在于会伤害牛仔裤制作人员的健康。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“As their research went on, the team found that sunlight could react with the indican on the cloth and turn it to indigo. Then, the team placed more cloth in an indican - only liquid under different light sources. ‘Over the next couple of hours, the cloth will turn blue, proving that the light will catalyze the color,’ Qvortrup added.(随着研究的继续，研究小组发现阳光可以与布料上的靛苷反应，将其变成靛蓝。然后，研究小组将更多的布料放在仅含靛苷的液体中，置于不同的光源下。“在接下来的几个小时里，布料会变蓝，这证明光线会……颜色，”Qvortrup补充道。)”可知，阳光能使布料变蓝，也就是光线能促使颜色产生变化，所以“catalyze”意思是“促使，发展”。B选项“Develop.(发展)”符合题意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However, the light method might take up less land than the enzyme method, and if the researchers can cut out electricity costs by dyeing with just sunlight, the light method may prove even better for the environment.(然而，光照法可能比酶法占用更少的土地，而且如果研究人员能够仅用阳光染色来节省电力成本，光照法可能对环境更有利。)”可知，光照法染色的优势在于占地面积小，节省空间。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Qvortrup说的话“I hope these methods will have an impact even before they reach factories. Simply learning about more sustainable ways to make jeans may make jean - wearers think about where their clothes come from. If you want to wear blue jeans, be aware that there are better ways to make them than are used right now.(我希望这些方法在进入工厂之前就能产生影响。仅仅了解更可持续的牛仔裤制作方法，就可能让牛仔裤穿着者思考他们的衣服来自哪里。如果你想穿蓝色牛仔裤，要知道有比现在使用的更好的制作方法。)”可知，Qvortrup希望人们能了解更可持续的牛仔裤制作方法，让消费者意识到有更好的制作牛仔裤的方式，也就是提高消费者的意识很重要。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东肇庆肇庆第一中学·期中）It’s the time of year for workplace New Year parties, and gatherings with family and friends. Maybe you’ll drink a lot in one go. Then you feel your heart beating fast or irregularly. Maybe there’s a tremble in your chest or neck. Maybe you feel dizzy or short of breath. You may feel so concerned you go to the emergency department. After a few tests, you’re told you have “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”. In plain English, that’s an irregular heartbeat brought on by excessive drinking. The alcohol affects your heart, blood vessels, blood and nervous system in many ways. Such condition is common at this time of year. That’s why it’s also called “holiday heart”. For instance, when alcohol disrupts your nervous system, it can lead to dehydration and inflammation (发炎). In turn, this can cause disruption to the heart’s electrical system, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat. People may go to hospital with heart tremble, chest pain, fainting or passing out (syncope) and shortness of breath (dyspnoea). But an irregular heartbeat can also occur without symptoms, and may only be discovered when investigating other health issues. If you have symptoms, go to your emergency department or GP. Health professionals will likely run some tests to diagnose heart-related rhythm problems. Clinicians are often interested in the “p wave”, which represents the electrical activation of the upper chambers (上腔) of the heart. You may also have a blood test to look at your electrolyte levels (essential minerals in your blood). A blood test may also test for markers of clotting and inflammation, as well as kidney and liver function. There is no definitive number of drinks known to trigger holiday heart. So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day. We’d also recommend drinking water between alcoholic drinks. This can help reduce the dehydrating effects of alcohol and reduce the risk of alcohol-induced heart rhythm complications. 1.What is “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”? A. A heart disease caused by genetic factors and drinking. B. An irregular heartbeat resulting from over-drinking. C. A condition where the heart stops beating due to alcohol. D. A disorder of the nervous system affected by alcohol. 2.What can be inferred from the passage about diagnosing “holiday heart”? A. Only a test of the electrolyte levels is needed. B. The “p wave” is of little significance in the diagnosis. C. Multiple tests including blood tests are usually involved. D. Diagnosis can be made totally based on symptoms. 3.According to the text, what is the best way to prevent “holiday heart”? A. Drink alcohol with a limitation. B. Drink much more water during holidays. C. Drink water before having alcoholic drinks. D. Limit alcohol to ten standard drinks a day. 4.What is the main purpose of this article? A. To introduce the symptoms and diagnosis of heart diseases. B. To discuss the relationship between alcohol and “holiday heart”. C. To explain the definition of alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia. D. To encourage people to drink less alcohol during holidays. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了节假日过量饮酒易引发“酒精性心房心律失常”（假日心脏病），会出现心跳异常等症状，诊断需多项检查，最佳预防方式是限制饮酒量并间隔喝水。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“After a few tests, you’re told you have “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”. In plain English, that’s an irregular heartbeat brought on by excessive drinking.(经过几次检查后，医生告知你患上了“酒精性心房心律失常”。简单来说，这就是由大量饮酒所导致的心跳不规律)”可知，“酒精性心房心律失常”是指因过度饮酒而导致的心跳不规律。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Health professionals will likely run some tests to diagnose heart-related rhythm problems. Clinicians are often interested in the “p wave”, which represents the electrical activation of the upper chambers (上腔) of the heart. You may also have a blood test to look at your electrolyte levels (essential minerals in your blood). A blood test may also test for markers of clotting and inflammation, as well as kidney and liver function.(医疗专业人员可能会进行一些检查来诊断与心脏节律相关的问题。医生通常会对“P 波”感兴趣，它代表心脏上部腔室的电活动。你可能还需要进行血液检查，以查看你的电解质水平（血液中的重要矿物质）。血液检查还可能检测凝血和炎症的标志物，以及肾脏和肝脏的功能)”可知，诊断“假日心脏病”通常会涉及多项检查，包括血液检查。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day.(因此，我们预防这种情况的最佳建议是避免过量饮酒。澳大利亚的指导方针建议女性和男性每周饮酒量应控制在不超过10杯的标准酒量以内，且每天的饮酒量不应超过 4 杯标准酒量)”可知，预防“假日心脏病”的最佳方法是饮酒要适度。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is no definitive number of drinks known to trigger holiday heart. So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day. We’d also recommend drinking water between alcoholic drinks. This can help reduce the dehydrating effects of alcohol and reduce the risk of alcohol-induced heart rhythm complications.(目前尚无确切的饮酒量会被认定为引发“假日心脏病”的标准数值。因此，我们预防此类病症的最佳建议是避免过度饮酒。澳大利亚的指导方针建议女性和男性每周饮酒量应控制在不超过十杯标准酒量，且任何一天的饮酒量不应超过四杯标准酒量。我们还建议在饮酒之间饮用清水，这有助于减轻酒精的脱水作用，并降低酒精导致的心律紊乱风险)”以及文章开篇点出节假日饮酒过量易引发心脏问题，随后解释疾病定义、成因、症状、诊断，最终重点给出“限制饮酒、间隔喝水”的预防建议，核心目的是“鼓励人们节假日少饮酒”，故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东广州6校联合·期中）“You aren’t going to eat that, are you?” I asked Tom as he reached down to grab the cookie he had just dropped on the floor. “Five-second rule!” he argued, before popping the cookie into his mouth. According to this popular belief, food dropped for less than five seconds is safe. The assumption is that bacteria on the floor don’t have enough time to hitch a ride on the food. But is it true? Food scientist Paul Dawson tested the five-second rule and found that over 99% of Salmonella transferred to sausages in just five seconds. The five-second rule was just ludicrous, Dawson concluded. But in 2014, microbiology professor Anthony Hilton found the longer food was on the floor, the more likely it was to have bacteria, suggesting the five-second rule might have some truth. This prompted food science professor Donald Schaffner and his master’s thesis student to conduct a thorough study on the five-second rule. They looked at bacterial transfer to four different foods (watermelon, bread, bread with butter, and candies) when dropped on four different surfaces (stainless steel, ceramic tile, wood, and carpet) contaminated (污染) with Enterobacter aerogenes. By analyzing bacterial transfer at <1,5,30, and 300 seconds, they found longer contact time resulted in more transfer but some transfer took place almost instantly, after less than 1 second, thus disproving the five-second rule once and for all. Your chance of falling ill after eating food that has touched the floor depends on factors like how contaminated the floor is and the type of bacteria present. If you just hate throwing away food, washing it can help reduce contamination — although this method isn’t foolproof. “Washing works better on fruits and vegetables, but it’s harder to wash off microbes (微生物) from meat due to their rougher surface,” said Charles P. Gerba, a microbiologist at the University of Arizona. The next time you’re tempted to eat that cookie you just dropped, remember: bacteria move fast. As hungry as you may be, do you really want to eat a Salmonella-laced cookie? 1.Why does the writer mention the conversation with Tom? A. To introduce the five-second rule. B. To confirm a popular assumption. C. To show the need to keep food clean. D. To discuss the harm caused by bacteria. 2.What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accurate. B. Mysterious. C. Insignificant. D. Unreasonable. 3.What finding of Donald Schaffner’s research challenged the five-second rule? A. The type of food can affect bacterial transfer. B. Bacterial transfer can take place immediately. C. Longer contact time results in more contamination. D. Bacterial transfer varies with different floor surfaces. 4.What does the writer think of the five-second rule? A. It helps to reduce waste food. B. It applies to fruits and vegetables. C. It is an unreliable rule that poses risks. D. It will result in contamination and illness. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要探讨了“五秒规则”(掉落的食物在5秒内捡起食用是安全的)的科学性，通过多项研究分析其是否可靠。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段““You aren’t going to eat that, are you?” I asked Tom as he reached down to grab the cookie he had just dropped on the floor. “Five-second rule!” he argued, before popping the cookie into his mouth. (“你不打算吃那个的，是吧？”汤姆伸手去拿刚刚掉在地上的饼干时，我问他。“五秒规则！”他争辩道，然后把饼干塞进嘴里)”以及“According to this popular belief, food dropped for less than five seconds is safe. The assumption is that bacteria on the floor don’t have enough time to hitch a ride on the food. But is it true? (根据这个流行的说法，掉落不足5秒的食物是安全的。假设是地板上的细菌没时间附着到食物上。但这是真的吗)”可知，作者与Tom的对话里出现了“Five-second rule (五秒规则)”，作者提及此对话是为了引出该话题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Food scientist Paul Dawson tested the five-second rule and found that over 99% of Salmonella transferred to sausages in just five seconds. The five-second rule was just ludicrous, Dawson concluded. (食品科学家Paul Dawson测试了五秒规则，发现仅5秒内就有超过99%的沙门氏菌转移到香肠上。Dawson总结道，五秒规则_____)”可知，5秒内就有超过99%的沙门氏菌转移到香肠上，这表明他认为“五秒规则”是荒诞可笑的、站不住脚的，因此ludicrous应表示“不合理的”。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“they found longer contact time resulted in more transfer but some transfer took place almost instantly, after less than 1 second, thus disproving the five-second rule once and for all (他们发现接触时间越长，细菌转移越多，但有些转移在不到1秒内就立即发生了，这彻底推翻了五秒规则)”可知，“细菌会立即发生转移”这一发现挑战了五秒规则。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next time you’re tempted to eat that cookie you just dropped, remember: bacteria move fast. As hungry as you may be, do you really want to eat a Salmonella-laced cookie? (下次你想捡掉落的饼干吃时，记住：细菌传播很快。就算再饿，你真的想吃沾了沙门氏菌的饼干吗)”可知，作者认为五秒规则不可靠，存在健康风险。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·广东深圳宝安第一外国语学校·期中）Here’s something worth tweeting about: Being around more birds can boost your family’s happiness. A German study of more than 26,000 Europeans found that the cheeriest folks lived near natural areas with a wider diversity of bird species. Birds are an indicator species, meaning they basically function as a “check engine light” for biodiversity. When something is out of whack in nature, birds let us know by disappearing, because they need a healthy environment to survive. Since songbirds tend to be cute and colorful, it seems natural that having more of them close by is a good thing. But the mood lifter isn’t from the birds alone, researchers say. It’s the rich biodiversity or variety of life. Clint Francis, a Cal Poly biology professor who supervised a recent study, says that hearing bird songs while hiking can hike up our sense of well-being. Francis says it could be related to how our ancestors used birdsong and chatter as a cue for danger. “I think many people can relate to the experience of walking through a forest — birds are singing and chattering — then suddenly everything goes quiet,” he explains. “Our subconscious uses passive listening as a surveillance mechanism.” Hearing birds might also produce positive effects because it reminds us of previous happy experiences. “Birdsong might signal the arrival of nice weather and harsh winter conditions are behind us,” Francis adds. However, Francis says human-made noise is bad for birds. Based on his research, unwanted sounds — like traffic and gas-powered leaf blowers—tend to keep birds away. Plus, more background noise makes it hard to hear the birds. “This is one reason why people reported seeing and hearing more birds during the COVID-19 lockdown,” he explains. “To bring more biodiversity, birds, and happiness into your family’s life, create a wildlife habitat garden with the kids,” says David Mizejewski, a National Wildlife Federation naturalist. “No matter the size of your outdoor space, you can build a bird-friendly habitat and turn down the noise a little bit in your yard.” 1.What does Clint Francis’s study show? A. Blowing leaves can drive birds away easily. B. Being with diverse birds close by can lift your mood. C. The happiest thing is living near natural areas in Europe. D. Hiking is beneficial to your health because of the bird songs. 2.What does the underlined phrase “out of whack” mean in paragraph 2? A. Out of trouble. B. Out of sight. C. Out of order. D. Out of date. 3.Which of the following might Clint Francis agree with? A. Birdsong functions well in predicting weather. B. People can build a bird-friendly habitat to bring biodiversity. C. Sudden quietness in forest causes birdsong and chatter to disappear. D. Human-made noise became less during the COVID-19 lockdown. 4.What’s the main topic of the passage? A. Diverse birds enhancing happiness. B. Bonds between birds and happiness. C. A bird-friendly habitat for children. D. Birds for better living of humans. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多项研究表明身边鸟类种类越丰富，人们幸福感越强，分析了鸟类影响情绪的原因及人类活动对鸟类的影响，并给出相关建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Clint Francis, a Cal Poly biology professor who supervised a recent study, says that hearing bird songs while hiking can hike up our sense of well-being.(加州理工州立大学生物学教授克林特·弗朗西斯主导了一项近期研究，他表示，徒步旅行时听到鸟鸣能提升我们的幸福感)”可知，该研究表明聆听鸟鸣能增强幸福感，与“身边有多种鸟类相伴可改善情绪”表意一致。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Birds are an indicator species, meaning they basically function as a “check engine light” for biodiversity. When something is out of whack in nature, birds let us know by disappearing, because they need a healthy environment to survive.(鸟类是指示物种，这意味着它们基本上起到了生物多样性“故障指示灯”的作用。当自然界中某些事out of whack时，鸟类会通过消失来提醒我们，因为它们需要健康的环境才能生存)”可知，划线短语所在句将鸟类比作“故障指示灯”，结合“鸟类消失”的提示，可推断“out of whack”意为“出问题、异常”，与“Out of order(秩序混乱、出故障)”意思相近。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的““This is one reason why people reported seeing and hearing more birds during the COVID-19 lockdown,” he explains.(“这就是为什么有报告称在新冠疫情封锁期间，人们看到和听到的鸟类更多了，”他解释说)”可知，弗朗西斯认为疫情封锁期间人们能看到更多鸟类的原因与前文提到的“人为噪音会驱赶鸟类”相关。由此推知，他也许会认同“疫情封锁期间人为噪音减少”这一前提。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“A German study of more than 26,000 Europeans found that the cheeriest folks lived near natural areas with a wider diversity of bird species.(一项针对26000多名欧洲人的德国研究发现，最快乐的人居住在鸟类种类更丰富的自然区域附近)”、第三段中对鸟类提升幸福感原因的分析及第五段的相关建议可知，文章核心围绕“鸟类与幸福感的关联”展开，既介绍研究结论，也分析背后逻辑与实践建议。故选B项。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·广东广州花都区第一中学·期中）Researches demonstrate that going barefoot or wearing minimalist shoes can help to restore foot strength and increase muscle size. In a 2021 study in Nature, participants wearing minimalist footwear increased their foot strength by an average of 57.4 percent over six months. “Most modern shoes have quite a tight toe box, meaning our toes are squeezed together and you can’t really press down or engage your toes and foot muscles,” says Harris, a doctor in London. Additionally, cushioned shoes reduce sensory input, making it harder to feel the ground beneath us. This may contribute to poor posture, reduced balance over time, and even arch collapse. While the research about the barefoot movement is promising, don’t throw out all of your shoes just yet. Switching too quickly can be a recipe for injury. Our feet have adapted to cushioned shoes. Plus, many of us are now hypersensitive to anything but smooth ground, so walking barefoot everywhere could be a painful attempt. Basically, you can’t just shed your shoes and break out into a jog: “That’s like having your arm in a cast for years,” says Harris. “Then take your cast off, and the first thing you do is go out and play tennis. Of course, you’re going to hurt your arm if you do that.” Transitioning too quickly can overload underused muscles, causing problems like stress fractures (骨折). Harris recommends starting slow. First, try walking around the house on a soft surface. Then, go for a short walk around the block. Increase the mileage slowly, adding a bit more each week. Proper footwear can help you with the shift, but when you first wear them, they’ll feel different from any shoes you’ve tried. The sensation of the ground beneath you may feel strange, so your feet may fatigue more quickly. Harris recommends getting a pointed massage ball to stimulate your nerve receptors. Walking barefoot more often can help strengthen your feet, but just like any other fitness trend, the barefoot movement may not be for everyone. Harris’ takeaway is that everyone should take a personalized approach. “Why is it great for one person and terrible for another? That’s not fully understood, and we’re still trying to tease that out,” he says. 1.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The risk of wearing shoes. B. The disadvantages of modern shoes. C. The limitation of the shoe pad. D. The potential issues of the foot. 2.Why did Harris compare going barefoot immediately with having an arm in a cast? A. Both situations are equally painful. B. Both situations require physical therapy. C. Both situations are related to muscle problems. D. Both situations involve a need for gradual adaptation. 3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about walking barefoot? A. Some exercise tools are needed. B. The transition process is gradual. C. A differentiated method is necessary. D. Both benefits and challenges await ahead. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Barefoot Walking Benefits Your feet. B. Barefoot Walking Is in Action. C. Modern Shoes Harm Your feet Muscle. D. Modern Shoes Outweigh Traditional Ones. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了赤脚行走或穿极简主义鞋对脚部健康的好处。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段““Most modern shoes have quite a tight toe box, meaning our toes are squeezed together and you can’t really press down or engage your toes and foot muscles,” says Harris, a doctor in London. Additionally, cushioned shoes reduce sensory input, making it harder to feel the ground beneath us. This may contribute to poor posture, reduced balance over time, and even arch collapse.(伦敦医生哈里斯表示：“大多数现代鞋子的鞋头都相当窄，这意味着我们的脚趾被挤在一起，无法真正下压脚趾，也无法充分调动足部肌肉。”此外，带缓冲功能的鞋子会减少感官反馈，让我们更难感知脚下的地面。长此以往，这可能会导致体态不良、平衡能力下降，甚至足弓塌陷。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是现代鞋的缺点。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Basically, you can’t just shed your shoes and break out into a jog: “That’s like having your arm in a cast for years,” says Harris. “Then take your cast off, and the first thing you do is go out and play tennis. Of course, you’re going to hurt your arm if you do that.”(基本上，你不能只是脱掉鞋子就开始跑步：“这就像你的手臂打了几年石膏，”Harris说。“然后你把石膏取下来，你做的第一件事就是出去打网球。当然，如果你这样做，你的手臂会受伤的。”)”可知，Harris把立即赤脚行走比作手臂打石膏是因为这两种情况都需要逐渐适应。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Walking barefoot more often can help strengthen your feet, but just like any other fitness trend, the barefoot movement may not be for everyone. Harris’ takeaway is that everyone should take a personalized approach.(经常赤脚行走有助于增强脚部力量，但就像其他任何健身趋势一样，赤脚运动可能并不适合所有人。Harris的结论是，每个人都应该采取个性化的方法。)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出赤脚行走需要差异化的方法。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researches demonstrate that going barefoot or wearing minimalist shoes can help to restore foot strength and increase muscle size.(研究表明，赤脚行走或穿极简主义鞋可以帮助恢复脚部力量并增加肌肉大小。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了赤脚行走或穿极简主义鞋对脚部健康的好处。由此可知，选项A“赤脚行走有益于你的脚”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高三上·广东广州花都区第一中学·期中）Conservationists in Kaua’i’s Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge celebrated exciting milestones for two endangered seabird species in 2022, and they’re looking forward to more good news this year. Since 2015, American Bird Conservancy(ABC), Pacific Rim Conservation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have been translocating Newell’s Shearwater and Hawaiian Petrel chicks to a fenced-in area called Nihoku. The hope is to establish a new breeding colony for both species that is safe from threats like invasive species and sea-level rise. Last year, seven years of dedicated translocations paid off for both species. In summer, a translocated Newell’s Shearwater came back as an adult prospect for a nesting site for the first time, and in fall, a Hawaiian Petrel chick hatched by translocated parents successfully fledged (能飞). The Hawaiian Petrel news is a particular relief to the team, marking the official beginning of a Hawaiian Petrel colony within the fence. “I remember the start of this project — building the fence and bringing the first Hawaiian Petrel chicks to the site,” said George Wallace, director of international programs for ABC. “Because of the long period of time to first breeding in the species, it’s a gradual process getting a colony started this way, but it is working.” Since 2015, conservationists have translocated dozens of chicks of both species to Nihoku to establish a new colony. After the seabirds fledge, they typically spend four to five years foraging on the open seas as they mature to breeding age, then return to breed at the site where they fledged. That means efforts like these require a leap of faith — conservationists had to persist for years before knowing whether efforts would pay off. But many consider it worth the risk because without places like Nihoku, both species could be on track to extinction. Newell’s Shearwater numbers fell by 95 percent during that time. The biggest threat for both species is invasive mammals like cats and rats that prey (捕食) on eggs and chicks. The exciting new developments are a sign of hope and a testament to years of hard work, patience, and determination from partners working to secure these seabirds’ future survival. 1.Why were two seabird species displaced within a fence? A. Because their former habitats were flooded. B. Because they were protected to produce new birds. C. Because they both were the subjects of this program. D. Because there were no invasive mammals like cats and rats. 2.What did George Wallace think of the program? A. It still has a long way to go. B. It finally is a great success. C. It’s likely to function well. D. Its effect remains to be seen. 3.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The introduction to two seabird species. B. The threats facing endangered seabirds in Kaua’i. C. The conservation efforts for two seabird species in Kaua’i. D. The challenges of establishing a new breeding colony for seabirds. 4.What is the feeling of conservationists towards the progress? A. Grateful. B. Defensive. C. Tolerant. D. Encouraged. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在考艾岛的基拉韦厄角国家野生动物保护区，保护主义者为两种濒危海鸟所做的保护工作取得了令人兴奋的进展，他们期待着今年能有更多的好消息。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 2015, American Bird Conservancy(ABC), Pacific Rim Conservation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have been translocating Newell’s Shearwater and Hawaiian Petrel chicks to a fenced-in area called Nihoku. The hope is to establish a new breeding colony for both species that is safe from threats like invasive species and sea-level rise.(自2015年以来，美国鸟类保护协会、环太平洋保护组织和美国鱼类及野生动物管理局一直在将新威尔剪水鹱和夏威夷海燕的雏鸟迁移到一个名为Nihoku的围栏区域。希望为这两个物种建立一个新的繁殖群体，使其免受入侵物种和海平面上升等威胁。)”可知，两种海鸟被安置在围栏内是为了保护它们以繁殖新的鸟类。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Because of the long period of time to first breeding in the species, it’s a gradual process getting a colony started this way, but it is working.(由于这个物种第一次繁殖的时间很长，所以用这种方式建立一个群体是一个渐进的过程，但它正在起作用。)”可知，乔治·华莱士认为这个项目很可能运行良好。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了在考艾岛的基拉韦厄角国家野生动物保护区，保护主义者为两种濒危海鸟所做的保护工作取得了令人兴奋的进展，他们期待着今年能有更多的好消息。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是考艾岛上两种海鸟的保护工作。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The exciting new developments are a sign of hope and a testament to years of hard work, patience, and determination from partners working to secure these seabirds’ future survival.(这些令人兴奋的新发展是希望的象征，也是合作伙伴多年来为确保这些海鸟未来生存所付出的辛勤工作、耐心和决心的证明。)”可知，保护主义者对进展感到鼓舞。故选D。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东揭阳惠来县第一中学·11月·期中）According to a new research, cutting off rhinos’ horns (犀牛角) reduces illegal hunting of the animals by nearly 80%. Rhinos are hunted for their horns, and scientists think there are now fewer than 28,000 rhinos left in the world. A team of researchers studied different rhino protection methods used in Greater Kruger NationalPark, South Africa, between 2017 and 2023. About 25% of Africa’s rhino population lives in GreaterKruger, and the researchers wanted to find out which methods worked well. The protection methods they studied included using detection cameras, tracking dogs, helicopters, and rangers (护林员) to keep an eye out for illegal hunters. More than 700 illegal hunters were arrested, but the researchers found that arresting the illegal hunters didn’t significantly reduce the number of rhinos that were killed. Another method that is being used to protect the rhinos is to cut off their horns, which is called “dehorning”. This doesn’t hurt the animals because their horns are made of keratin, the same substance that makes up human hair and fingernails. That is, the horns can grow back over time, so the average rhino needs to be dehorned every 18 months to two years. The researchers found that dehorning reduced hunting by 78%. While dehorning rhinos can save the animals’ lives, another study discovered that the method changes their behavior. It found that dehorned rhinos are less likely to get involved in social interactions with other rhinos, and the area they choose to cover as they move around is much smaller. Scientists think that because rhinos use their horns in battles to protect their territory, without a horn they may become more cautious (谨慎的) and avoid conflicts. Researcher Tim Kuiper from Nelson Mandela University in South Africa told The Guardian newspaper that dehorning rhinos shouldn’t be the long-term solution. Ultimately, conservationists want to address the causes of illegal hunting. 1.What is the main goal of the research in Greater Kruger National Park? A. To seek for best rhino protection ways. B. To calculate the global rhino population. C. To explain why hunters want rhino horns. D. To analyze rhinos’ social habits in the wild. 2.Why is dehorning harmless to rhinos? A. Their horns are renewable. B. Experts perform their dehorning. C. Their horns are inconvenient for growth. D. They can still defend themselves without horns. 3.How does dehorning influence rhinos’ behavior? A. They no longer care about their territory. B. They become more fierce to fight enemies. C. They often stay with other rhinos for safety. D. They reduce their social contact and moving range. 4.Which is the best title for the text? A. Research: a key to effective rhino protection B. Illegal hunting: a big threat facing wild rhinos C. Rangers: an important force against rhino hunting D. Dehorning: a double-edged measure for rhino protection 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了一项关于犀牛保护的新研究，详细介绍了研究背景、研究过程、研究结果，以及研究者的观点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“A team of researchers studied different rhino protection methods used in Greater Kruger NationalPark, South Africa, between 2017 and 2023. About 25% of Africa’s rhino population lives in GreaterKruger, and the researchers wanted to find out which methods worked well.(一组研究人员研究了2017年至2023年在南非大克鲁格国家公园使用的不同犀牛保护方法。非洲大约25%的犀牛生活在大克鲁格，研究人员想找出哪些方法有效)”可知，在大克鲁格国家公园进行研究的主要目标是寻找保护犀牛的最佳途径。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Another method that is being used to protect the rhinos is to cut off their horns, which is called “dehorning”. This doesn’t hurt the animals because their horns are made of keratin, the same substance that makes up human hair and fingernails. That is, the horns can grow back over time, so the average rhino needs to be dehorned every 18 months to two years. The researchers found that dehorning reduced hunting by 78%.(另一种用来保护犀牛的方法是切掉它们的角，这被称为“去角”。这不会伤害动物，因为它们的角是由角蛋白构成的，与构成人类头发和指甲的物质相同。也就是说，随着时间的推移，犀牛角会重新长出来，所以犀牛平均每18个月到两年就需要去角。研究人员发现，去角减少了78%的狩猎活动)”可知，它们的角是可再生的，所以去角对犀牛无害。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“While dehorning rhinos can save the animals’ lives, another study discovered that the method changes their behavior. It found that dehorned rhinos are less likely to get involved in social interactions with other rhinos, and the area they choose to cover as they move around is much smaller. Scientists think that because rhinos use their horns in battles to protect their territory, without a horn they may become more cautious (谨慎的) and avoid conflicts.(虽然去角可以挽救犀牛的生命，但另一项研究发现，这种方法会改变它们的行为。研究发现，去角犀牛不太可能参与与其他犀牛的社交活动，而且它们选择的活动范围要小得多。科学家们认为，由于犀牛在战斗中使用它们的角来保护自己的领土，没有角它们可能会变得更加谨慎，避免冲突)”可知，去角导致犀牛减少了社交接触和活动范围。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Another method that is being used to protect the rhinos is to cut off their horns, which is called “dehorning”.(另一种用来保护犀牛的方法是切掉它们的角，这被称为“去角”)”，“The researchers found that dehorning reduced hunting by 78%.(研究人员发现，去角减少了78%的狩猎活动)”以及第五段“While dehorning rhinos can save the animals’ lives, another study discovered that the method changes their behavior. It found that dehorned rhinos are less likely to get involved in social interactions with other rhinos, and the area they choose to cover as they move around is much smaller.(虽然去角可以挽救犀牛的生命，但另一项研究发现，这种方法会改变它们的行为。研究发现，去角犀牛不太可能参与与其他犀牛的社交活动，而且它们选择的活动范围要小得多)”可知，文章既讨论去角的保护作用，也提及其行为影响，体现“双刃剑”，所以D项“去角：保护犀牛的双刃剑”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东深圳宝安第一外国语学校·期中）Everyone knows the horrible feeling: A stuffy night, just a little too warm, leads to restless sleep, and then next morning, you feel like a slow shell of yourself. Now a new study links sleep loss with climate change. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that ever-warmer nighttime temperatures push bedtimes later and wake times earlier, costing us precious nighttime rest. Sleepers tracked in the study lost rest even in places where temperatures weren’t blazingly high, and had trouble adapting to even mildly challenging sleep temperatures. And sleep costs, the researchers warn, will rise as temperatures do, potentially costing sleepers an extra 13 to 15 days of poor sleep each year by the end of the century. It’s a very clear example of how climate change is playing out in people’s everyday lives. Sleep loss from climate change “is already happening,” says Kelton Minor, the lead author of the study at the University of Copenhagen. Minor and his colleagues looked at data collected worldwide between 2021 and 2023 from nearly 50,000 people’s wristband activity trackers. The trackers recorded when those people fell asleep, woke up, and how they slept in between. The researchers could match sleepers’ locations with location-specific climate data. That let the researchers compare the sleep data with local outdoor temperatures. They were looking at continuous records of individual people. They could see how someone slept on a cool night in June versus a hot one a few days later, or how they reacted to an unseasonably warm February night. The dataset was unique in that it didn’t rely on self-reports. It also spanned the world, while the few previous studies looking at the direct relationship between climate and sleep focused on just a few people. What was more remarkable were the results. People slept most when outside temperatures were below 50°F (10℃) . Above that threshold, their chances of sleeping less than seven hours went way up. Above 77°F (25℃) , the losses accelerated. When outdoor nighttime temperatures topped 86°F (30℃) , people lost an average of about 15 minutes a night. 1.What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To present a stuffy night. B. To lead in the topic. C. To show climate change. D. To highlight nighttime rest. 2.What can we learn about the study? A. Slight temperature change will affect the sleep quality. B. Sleep loss from climate change will happen in the near future. C. The trackers can automatically match sleepers’ locations with climate data. D. Sleepers tracked in the study lost rest in places where temperatures were high. 3.What was special about the dataset used in the study? A. It covered just a few people from Copenhagen. B. It included information about indoor temperatures. C. It collected information from the trackers’ self-reports. D. It used continuous and objective sleep data from a large scale. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. When the suitable sleep temperature is. B. Why the study results are more remarkable. C. Climate change is consuming precious sleep. D. Poor sleep has big personal and economic costs. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍哥本哈根大学的研究发现，夜间气温升高导致人们睡眠时间减少、睡眠质量下降，且这一现象已存在并将随气候变暖加剧。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Everyone knows the horrible feeling: A stuffy night, just a little too warm, leads to restless sleep, and then next morning, you feel like a slow shell of yourself. Now a new study links sleep loss with climate change.(每个人都知道那种可怕的感觉：一个闷热的夜晚，只是有点太暖和了，导致睡眠不安稳，第二天早上，你感觉自己状态很差。现在一项新的研究将睡眠不足与气候变化联系起来。)”可知，作者通过描述人们熟悉的闷热夜晚影响睡眠的感受，自然引出“气候变化与睡眠不足相关”的主题，起到引入话题的作用。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sleepers tracked in the study lost rest even in places where temperatures weren’t blazingly high, and had trouble adapting to even mildly challenging sleep temperatures.(参与研究的睡眠者即使在温度不算极高的地方也会睡眠不足，甚至难以适应轻微不适的睡眠温度。)”可知，即使是轻微的温度变化也会影响睡眠质量。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Minor and his colleagues looked at data collected worldwide between 2021 and 2023 from nearly 50,000 people’s wristband activity trackers. The trackers recorded when those people fell asleep, woke up, and how they slept in between. The researchers could match sleepers’ locations with location-specific climate data. That let the researchers compare the sleep data with local outdoor temperatures. They were looking at continuous records of individual people.(迈纳及其同事分析了2021至2023年间全球范围内近5万人的腕带活动追踪器所收集的数据。这些追踪器记录了受试者的入睡时间、醒来时间以及睡眠过程中的状态。研究人员能够将睡眠者的地理位置与特定区域的气候数据相对应，从而将睡眠数据与当地户外温度进行对比。他们研究的是个体睡眠情况的连续记录。)”以及第五段中的“The dataset was unique in that it didn’t rely on self-reports. It also spanned the world, while the few previous studies looking at the direct relationship between climate and sleep focused on just a few people.(该数据集的独特之处在于它不依赖自我报告，且覆盖全球范围，而此前少数研究气候与睡眠直接关系的项目仅聚焦于少数人。)”可知，该数据集的特别之处在于它不依赖自我报告，涵盖全球范围，且收集了近5万人的连续、客观的睡眠数据，规模大且数据真实。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that ever-warmer nighttime temperatures push bedtimes later and wake times earlier, costing us precious nighttime rest.(哥本哈根大学的研究人员发现，夜间气温越来越高，导致人们入睡时间推迟、醒来时间提前，剥夺了我们宝贵的夜间休息时间。)”和第二段中的“And sleep costs, the researchers warn, will rise as temperatures do, potentially costing sleepers an extra 13 to 15 days of poor sleep each year by the end of the century.(研究人员警告称，睡眠损失会随着气温升高而加剧，到本世纪末，睡眠者每年可能会额外增加13至15天的睡眠质量不佳天数。)”可知，文章核心围绕“气候变化导致夜间气温升高，进而消耗人们的宝贵睡眠”展开，所以“气候变化正在消耗宝贵的睡眠”最能概括全文主旨。故选C项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中）Digital nomads (数字游民) are individuals who work remotely using mobile devices while traveling to different places. Their work, life, travel, and leisure are smoothly connected online, unlike traditional lifestyles where these activities are separate. Bloggers, streamers, programmers and others are examples of this group, and they are becoming a common sight in many communities. Yang Jie, who has studied urban mobility for five years, doesn’t deny the challenges digital nomads bring. “They can strain local housing resources — especially in popular neighborhoods where rent has already gone up,” she admitted. “And some stay only a month or two, so their community connection feels thin at first.” Yet she’s quick to note these issues aren’t inherent to the group. “Most don’t want to be ‘outsiders’ — they ask about local traditions, choose small family-owned cafes over chains, and some even promote lesser-known local attractions with content. Unlike transient visitors who leave no trace, their presence benefits the community long-term. The problem isn’t the nomads, but how we adapt,” the tourism planner told the Global Times. Lu Boke, who owns a hotel in the scenic Mandu Ancient Village in the Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, has met a lot of digital nomads. “We focus on bringing together local and non-local youth to help them learn and grow together. For example, we have organized discussions on career paths and professional skills, gathering digital nomads and the local youth. Many of the non-local young professionals come from major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. They are often highly skilled in their fields. This makes them valuable examples for the local youth, who need guidance and inspiration to grow and improve,” Lu said. According to a report by Lishui Daily, the highlights of digital nomads include services such as business resource matching, social interaction opportunities, and access to cultural and tourism benefits for digital nomads. Lishui encourages digital nomads to take part in promoting local agricultural product sales. Digital nomads gain the opportunity to appreciate and explore original cultures, work in peaceful settings, and connect with local communities. Meanwhile, local governments and communities benefit from increased economic activity, greater cultural diversity, and the advancement of tourism development. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By presenting a viewpoint. B. By providing an argument. C. By explaining a definition. D. By citing a famous saying. 2.How does Yang Jie feel about digital nomads’ impact on local tourism? A. Positive B. Puzzled. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 3.In what way do digital nomads help the local youth according to Lu Boke? A. They provide job options. B. They serve as role models C. They show healthy values. D. They bring increased earnings. 4.What best describes the relationship between digital nomads and local communities? A. Competitive. B. Overdependent. C. One-sided. D. Win-win. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过定义和对比引出“数字游民”现象，探讨其对地方旅游与社区的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段句子“Digital nomads (数字游民) are individuals who work remotely using mobile devices while traveling to different places. Their work, life, travel, and leisure are smoothly connected online, unlike traditional lifestyles where these activities are separate. (数字游民是指在不同地方旅行时使用移动设备远程工作的人。他们的工作、生活、旅行和休闲都在网上顺利地联系在一起，而不像传统的生活方式那样，这些活动是分开的。)”可知，作者先给出定义再进行对比，从而引入话题。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Yang Jie, who has studied urban mobility for five years, doesn’t deny the challenges digital nomads bring. “They can strain local housing resources — especially in popular neighborhoods where rent has already gone up,” she admitted. “And some stay only a month or two, so their community connection feels thin at first.” Yet she’s quick to note these issues aren’t inherent to the group. “Most don’t want to be ‘outsiders’ — they ask about local traditions, choose small family-owned cafes over chains, and some even promote lesser-known local attractions with content. Unlike transient visitors who leave no trace, their presence benefits the community long-term. The problem isn’t the nomads, but how we adapt,” the tourism planner told the Global Times. (杨杰从事城市交通研究已有五年时间，她并不否认数字游民带来的挑战。“他们可能会占用当地的住房资源——尤其是在租金已经上涨的热门区域，”她承认道。“而且有些人只会在当地停留一两个月，所以一开始他们与社区的联系感觉很薄弱。”但她很快指出，这些问题并非这群人所固有的。“大多数人并不想成为‘局外人’——他们会询问当地的传统，选择小规模的家族经营咖啡馆而非连锁店，还有一些人甚至会通过内容宣传一些不太知名的当地景点。与那些不留痕迹的临时访客不同，他们的长期存在对社区是有益的。问题不在于这些游民，而在于我们如何适应，”这位旅游规划师对《环球时报》说道。)”可知，杨洁承认了数字游民带来的挑战(如住房压力)，但她强调这些问题并非固有，并指出数字游民能推广当地景点、融入社区，带来长期益处，整体态度积极。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段Lu Boke的话“Many of the non-local young professionals come from major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. They are often highly skilled in their fields. This makes them valuable examples for the local youth, who need guidance and inspiration to grow and improve (许多非本地的年轻专业人士来自北京和上海等大城市。他们通常在各自的领域都非常熟练。这使他们成为当地青年的宝贵榜样，他们需要指导和激励来成长和提高)”可知，数字游民以自身技能成为当地青年的榜样。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据末段句子“Digital nomads gain the opportunity to appreciate and explore original cultures, work in peaceful settings, and connect with local communities. Meanwhile, local governments and communities benefit from increased economic activity, greater cultural diversity, and the advancement of tourism development. (数字游牧民有机会欣赏和探索原始文化，在和平的环境中工作，并与当地社区建立联系。与此同时，地方政府和社区也从经济活动的增加、文化多样性的增加和旅游业发展的进步中受益。)”可知，双方均获得利益，关系为双赢。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中）Do you use emojis — small digital symbols — when texting someone or posting on social media? One thing that people commonly notice when texting is that there are huge differences among people regarding emoji use. Some rarely, if ever, add a smiley to texting conversations, while others often put five different emojis at the end of every sentence. One common finding reported by several studies is that women use emojis more often than men. What is not well understood, though, is to what extent different aspects of personality affect emoji use. To answer this question, a new study, published in Current Psychology, scientifically investigated the link between emoji use and different personality variables across genders. In the study, the research team, led by Sheila M. Kennison of Oklahoma State University, gathered data from 280 undergraduate students (135 male students and 145 female students). First, the scientists gathered information on the volunteers’ emoji use. Moreover, the scientists examined different aspects of personality in the volunteers using surveys. The study presented several interesting findings. Men and women showed different relationships between emoji use and personality. Higher emoji use was linked to higher narcissism (自恋) in both women and men, with highly narcissistic women showing the most emoji use. For men only, higher Machiavellianism (权术主义) was linked to more emoji use, and those with a moody character and difficulties dealing with negative emotions specifically used more negative emojis than other people. Both men and women with higher extraversion (外向性) reported more emoji use than introverted people. Moreover, high adventure-seeking in men and high openness in women were linked to more emoji use. Taken together, the most interesting finding was a link between emoji use and narcissism, particularly in women. The scientists assumed that this link could be explained by the fact that emojis may be used as part of a communication strategy centered on self-promotion and impression management. 1.What is the focus of the new study? A. The rate of emoji use across genders. B. Differences in communication methods. C. Emoji preferences linked to age groups. D. The influence of characteristics on emoji use. 2.Who is more likely to use emojis habitually according to the study? A. A shy boy. B. A powerful female. C. A self-centered girl. D. A self-controlled man. 3.What may a woman gain through emoji use? A. A favorable personal image. B. Skills in self-management. C. Improvement in confidence. D. Perfect performance at work. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How Emojis Reveal narcissism B. What Contributes to Emoji Usage C. Emojis: Tools for Communication D. Emojis: Ways to Strengthen Relations 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍一项发表于《当代心理学》的研究：研究者调查280名大学生，发现人格特质（自恋、权术主义、外向性等）与性别共同影响表情符号的使用频率与类型。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“To answer this question, a new study, published in Current Psychology, scientifically investigated the link between emoji use and different personality variables across genders. (为了回答这个问题，一项发表于《当代心理学》的新研究从性别角度科学调查了表情符号使用与不同人格变量之间的联系。)”可知，研究核心是“人格特征如何影响表情符号使用”。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Higher emoji use was linked to higher narcissism in both women and men, with highly narcissistic women showing the most emoji use. (更高的表情符号使用与无论男女的更高自恋相关，其中高自恋女性表现出最多的表情符号使用。)”可知，“自恋程度高的女孩”最可能习惯性使用表情符号。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The scientists assumed that this link could be explained by the fact that emojis may be used as part of a communication strategy centered on self-promotion and impression management. (科学家推测，这种关联可能是因为表情符号被用作以自我推销和印象管理为核心的沟通策略的一部分。)”可知，女性通过使用表情符号可获得“有利的个人形象”。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Taken together, the most interesting finding was a link between emoji use and narcissism, particularly in women. (总体而言，最有趣的发现是表情符号使用与自恋之间的联系，尤其是在女性中。)”及全文可知，文章通篇讨论“人格特质与性别如何共同促成表情符号使用”，B项“What Contributes to Emoji Usage(什么促成表情符号使用)”涵盖范围最广且贴合研究目的，适合用作标题。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高三上·广东汕头金山中学·期中）Who are your best friends on campus? Are they the ones you encountered most often in class? Are they your fellows in drama club or debate society? Something that has to influence whether people become friends is simple physical proximity. And, in fact, the most lasting friendships are developed between people whose paths cross frequently. A number of studies have demonstrated the effects of proximity on who become friends. One was conducted at MIT in the 1940s. The incoming students were randomly assigned to 17 ten-unit apartment buildings that were isolated from other residential areas, and few of them knew one another beforehand. The investigators asked each resident to name the three people in the student housing project with whom they socialized most often. The effect of proximity was striking: two-thirds of those listed as friends lived in the same building as the respondent, even though those in the same building represented only 5 percent of the target residents. More striking still was the pattern of friendships within each building. Even though the physical distance between apartments was quite small — 19 feet between the doorways of neighboring apartments and 89 feet between those at the ends of each hallway — 41 percent of those living in neighboring apartments listed each other as friends, compared with only 10 percent of those living at opposite ends of the hallway. Proximity leads to friendship because it facilitates chance encounters. If so, then pure physical distance should matter less than functional distance — the influence of an architectural layout to encourage or discourage contact between people. The MIT study shows just how important functional distance is. As the following Figure indicates, the stairs are positioned such that upstairs residents will encounter the occupants of apartments at the turn of the stairs much more often than the occupants of the middle apartments. And in fact, the residents of the two stair-end apartment formed twice as many friendships with their upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments. Figure of the MIT Study Thus, it’s functional distance more than physical distance that is decisive. Proximity promotes friendship because it brings people together. Actually, in later studies involving more diverse populations, the largest effects of proximity on friendship formation have been found between people of different races, ages, or social classes. 1.What can be concluded from the MIT study? A. Friends play an important role in one’s daily life. B. Frequency of encounters decides the living distance. C. People with shared interests are more likely to befriends. D. The more often two people meet, the closer their relationship is. 2.What method did the MIT researchers employ in their study? A. Case study. B. Recording analysis. C. In-lab observation. D. Online questionnaire. 3.Which apartment’s residents in the Figure above may make most friends in the building? A. Apartment 1. B. Apartment 2. C. Apartment 6. D. Apartment 7. 4.Why did researchers carry out later studies? A. Previous study results are contradictory. B. Previous study methods lack scientific support. C. The sample in the previous study is not representative. D. The data in the previous study are not up-to-date enough. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章详细介绍了麻省理工学院在1940年代进行的一项关于物理距离如何影响人际关系形成的研究，特别是对友谊发展的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Something that has to influence whether people become friends is simple physical proximity. And, in fact, the most lasting friendships are developed between people whose paths cross frequently. (影响人们是否成为朋友的因素很简单，那就是身体距离。事实上，最持久的友谊是在道路经常交叉的人们之间建立起来的。)”可知，两个人见面的次数越多，他们的关系就越亲密。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“One was conducted at MIT in the 1940s. The incoming students were randomly assigned to 17 ten-unit apartment buildings that were isolated from other residential areas, and few of them knew one another beforehand. (其中一项是20世纪40年代在麻省理工学院进行的。新入学的学生被随机分配到17栋10单元的公寓楼里，这些公寓楼与其他居民区隔离开来，他们中很少有人事先认识彼此。)”和第三段中“The effect of proximity was striking: two-thirds of those listed as friends lived in the same building as the respondent, even though those in the same building represented only 5 percent of the target residents. More striking still was the pattern of friendships within each building. Even though the physical distance between apartments was quite small —19 feet between the doorways of neighboring apartments and 89 feet between those at the ends of each hallway — 41 percent of those living in neighboring apartments listed each other as friends, compared with only 10 percent of those living at opposite ends of the hallway. (距离的影响是惊人的：被列为朋友的人中有三分之二与被调查者住在同一栋楼里，尽管住在同一栋楼里的人只占目标居民的5%。更引人注目的是每栋楼里的友谊模式。尽管公寓之间的物理距离很小——相邻公寓的门道之间只有19英尺，走廊两端的门道之间只有89英尺——但住在相邻公寓的人中有41%的人把彼此列为朋友，而住在走廊两端的人中只有10%的人这样做。)”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员通过对这些学生的案例研究进行的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第四段中“As the following Figure indicates, the stairs are positioned such that upstairs residents will encounter the occupants of apartments at the turn of the stairs much more often than the occupants of the middle apartments. And in fact, the residents of the two stair-end apartment formed twice as many friendships with their upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments. (如下图所示，楼梯的位置使得楼上的住户在楼梯拐弯处遇到公寓住户的次数要比中间公寓的住户多得多。事实上，住在两层楼上公寓的人与楼上邻居的友谊是住在中间公寓的人的两倍。)”可以推断出，住在1号公寓的居民可能在公寓里交到最多的朋友，因为他们在楼梯转弯处更容易遇到其他公寓的居民。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Actually, in later studies involving more diverse populations, the largest effects of proximity on friendship formation have been found between people of different races, ages, or social classes. (事实上，在后来涉及更多不同人群的研究中，发现距离对友谊形成的最大影响发生在不同种族、年龄或社会阶层的人之间。)”可知，之前的研究样本可能不具有代表性，因此需要进行更深入的研究。故选C。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高三上·广东汕头潮阳·期中） Several Jobs That Will Be Automated By Artificial Intelligence(AI) And Robots Translator Image recognition software and voice recognition software are bringing some major advances to language translation. Applications like Google’s Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there are a lot of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for you. Some will even speak the phrase for you and raw word-to-word translation will be fully automated soon. Fast food workers Automated ordering booths have already made their way into a few McDonald’s restaurants around the world, and cooking positions could be removed next. The booths probably can’t handle customer service problems well, so televideo systems could bring in an office employee to deal with complaints. Field technician New advances in the Internet of Things could make this work abandoned. Low-cost sensors combined with high availability cellular／satellite communications and cloud technology are being started to automate and alarm these sites, and can be checked and maintained from a desktop or mobile device. Sales representative But, e-commerce is changing how we make purchasing decisions, especially those where there isn’t much differentiation (区分度) among the major competitors. If you’re selling a high-differentiation product or a high-price, low-volume(体积) product, you have some job security, but if you’re selling a high-volume, low-differentiation product, you better start polishing your resume, said Doug Camplejohn, CEO of Fliptop. “These kind of product sales are all moving online. ” 1.Google’s Word Lens can_______. A. Make real-time translation. B. Speak the phrase or word for you. C. Translate by image and voice recognition software. D. Allow you to type in a word or phrase. 2.What can we infer from the second part? A. All the restaurants own automated ordering booths. B. Service problems can’t be handled automatically. C. Cooks will not be automated by AI and robots. D. Customers will have no complaints because of AI. 3.What does the author mean by “you better start polishing your resume” in the last paragraph? A. You must value your present work. B. You have some job security. C. You should consider changing the job. D. Your resume needs correcting further. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了几个可以被人工智能和机器人自动操作的工作。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Translator中第二句“Applications like Google’s Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there are a lot of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for you.( 像谷歌的Word Lens这样的应用程序可以实时翻译手语和文档中的单词，还有很多翻译应用程序允许你输入一个单词或短语，并为你翻译。)”可知，谷歌的Word Lens可以进行实时翻译。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二部分第二句“The booths probably can’t handle customer service problems well, so televideo systems could bring in an office employee to deal with complaints.(这些自动订餐亭可能不能很好地处理客户服务问题，所以电视系统可以让办公室员工来处理投诉。)”可知，自动订餐亭的服务问题不能自动处理。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。由最后一段“If you’re selling a high-differentiation product or a high-price, low-volume(体积) product, you have some job security, but if you’re selling a high-volume, low-differentiation product, you better start polishing your resume(如果你卖的是高差异化产品或高价格低差异化产品，你的工作有一定的保障，但如果你卖的是高产量低差异化产品，你最好开始润色你的简历)”可知，前面有转折连词but，故“you better start polishing your resume”的意思应该与you have some job security(你的工作有一定的保障)相反，所以“you better start polishing your resume”暗含的意思是 “你应该考虑改变工作”，故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 1. D　2. C　3. B Passage 2 1. B　2. A　3. D　4. D 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B Passage 2 1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C Passage 3 1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 1. A　2. D　3. A　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 1. B　2. D　3. C　4. B Passage 2 1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D Passage 2 1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C Passage 3 1. B　2. C　3. D　4. B Passage 4 1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 1. A　2. A　3. D　4. D Passage 2 1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D Passage 2 1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 1. A　2. B　3. C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $