专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高三英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏淮阴中学·期中）Over 95% of teenagers now use various social media apps. While these apps offer benefits, they also expose teenagers to the risks like privacy and safety. By letting your kids know which apps are good, you can stay in control and keep an eye on their connections. Here we have listed some of the best social media apps for them. Snapchat People can use it to send images, videos, texts, and pictures. As a free app, it has become popular with teenagers because pictures sent to the receivers disappear after being seen. But we still recommend teenagers to use it only for enjoying its fun camera tools. If used wisely, it is fun to take and share creative photos. Instagram It allows users to share pictures and videos with others online and is specifically designed to share photographs and videos with followers. But sharing improper images or videos might harm a teen’s character. Obviously, privacy is all reasons why parents must keep an eye on their children. WhatsApp Nearly 1.6 billion people in the world rely on WhatsApp for communications. Using the app, people may quickly exchange images, videos, documents, location, etc. Its video and voice calls have become a regular part of teenagers’ lives. Since every contact can see the WhatsApp stories and status, parents can keep an eye on their children. Google Duo As a video calling app, you can use it to make video calls to anyone around the world. This app is good for teenagers because it requires contact list permission before you can make calls to anyone. So parents can check their teenager’s phone anytime to know who is calling. Additionally, its calls and chats are end-to-end encrypted (加密) for users’ privacy. 1.Why is Snapchat popular among teenagers? A. It offers free creative camera tools for users. B. It removes pictures automatically after they are viewed. C. It allows sharing photos with a large number of followers. D. It supports instant exchange of digital contents with contacts. 2.What feature of Google Duo is considered beneficial to teenagers? A. It allows users to share daily stories with all contacts. B. It enables users to exchange various types of files quickly. C. It displays stories and status visible to contacts in real time. D. It requires permission to access the contact list before calls. 3.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To recommend parents some safe social media apps for their kids. B. To compare the various functions of different social media apps. C. To warn about the privacy risks of social media for teenagers. D. To explain why today’s teenagers prefer certain social media apps. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏前黄中学·期中）We live in an age where every click, scroll, and purchase is tracked, analyzed, and used to serve us a “personalized” world. Algorithms, the invisible architects of this world, promise efficiency and satisfaction—why waste time on irrelevant content when a machine can curate your perfect feed? But this convenience comes at a steep cost: the slow erosion of our ability to think critically and engage with ideas outside our comfort zones. Proponents of algorithms argue that they simply “give people what they want,” framing choice as a democratic(民主的) ideal. Yet this logic is flawed. When a platform learns you prefer conservative news, it stops showing liberal perspectives; if you binge true-crime podcasts, it floods your queue with similar content. Over time, your worldview shrinks, not by choice, but by design. Psychologists call this the “filter bubble”—a digital echo chamber where dissent is silenced and curiosity withers. Worse, algorithms prioritize engagement over accuracy. Outrageous claims and sensational headlines generate more clicks than nuanced analysis, so they rise to the top. A 2023 study found that 68% of users exposed primarily to algorithmic news developed more polarized(两极分化的) political views compared to those who sought out diverse sources intentionally. This isn’t just about information—it’s about how we form opinions. If we never encounter arguments that challenge our beliefs, we lose the muscle of critical thinking. Defenders counter that users can always “opt out” by adjusting settings or seeking alternative sources. But this ignores the reality of digital behavior: most people scroll mindlessly, trusting the algorithm to guide them. The burden of effort falls disproportionately(不成比例地) on the user, while platforms profit from our intellectual laziness. Algorithms are not inherently evil, but their current design serves corporate interests over human flourishing. To break free, we must reclaim agency—set limits on screen time, actively seek opposing views, and demand platforms prioritize diversity over engagement. The alternative is a world where no one thinks for themselves, because no one has to. 1.What is the main argument of the passage? A. Algorithms should be banned for spreading misinformation. B. Personalization harms our ability to think critically. C. Users are fully responsible for their digital choices. D. Platforms profit from catering to diverse interests. 2.Why does the author mention the “filter bubble”? A. To illustrate the narrowing effect of Personalization. B. To explain how algorithms protect users from harmful content. C. To praise algorithms for creating a comfortable online space. D. To compare digital echo chambers with traditional media. 3.What do proponents of algorithmic fail to consider? A. Users’ ability to easily adjust their settings. B. The profit motives behind platform design. C. The passive nature of most digital consumption. D. The efficiency of personalized content delivery. 4.What does the author suggest to counteract the negative effects of algorithms? A. Regulating platforms to remove all recommendation systems. B. Encouraging users to actively engage with diverse viewpoints. C. Teaching algorithms to prioritize accuracy over engagement. D. Reducing screen time to avoid digital platforms entirely. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·江苏南通市区、通州区、启东市、如东县联考·期中）One common explanation for why children spend so much time on screens is that smartphones and social-media platforms are addicting them. Kids socialize online instead of in person because that’s what tech has trained them to want. But this misses a key part of the story. In March, the Harris Poll surveyed more than 500 children aged 8 to 12 across U.S. A majority reported having smartphones, and about half said that most of their friends use social media. But most children in the survey said that they aren’t allowed to be out in public without an adult. Fewer than half of the 8 and 9-year-olds have been to a grocery store alone, and many aren’t permitted to play unsupervised (无监管) even in their own front yard. Yet these are exactly the kinds of freedoms that kids said they long for. Children want to meet up in person, no screens or supervision. But because so many parents restrict their ability to socialize in the real world on their own, kids can only turn to the one thing that allows them to hang out with no adults around: their phones. Since the 1980s, parents have grown more and more afraid that unsupervised time will expose their kids to physical or emotional harm. In another recent survey, parents were asked what they thought would happen if two 10-year-olds played in a local park without adults around, 60% thought the children would likely get injured. However, kids will always have more spare hours than adults can supervise — a gap that devices now fill. We certainly don’t blame parents for this. Telling children to go outside doesn’t work so well when no one else’s kids are there. That’s why we’re so glad that groups around the country are experimenting with ways to rebuild childhood. In Piedmont, for example, a network of parents started dropping their kids off at the park every Friday to play unsupervised. Sometimes the kids argue or get bored — which is good. After all, learning to handle boredom and conflict is an essential part of child development. 1.What is the finding of the Harris Poll survey? A. Most kids have no access to smartphones. B. Most kids lack real-world socialization. C. Many kids are unwilling to be in public. D. Many kids long for playing supervised. 2.What is parents’ main concern about their children? A. They may get hurt outside. B. They may get addicted to screens. C. They may get bored at home. D. They may resist outdoor activities. 3.Why is the example of Piedmont’s park play mentioned? A. To reveal the problems with unsupervised play. B. To show an effort to restore childhood freedom. C. To highlight the importance of supervision. D. To prove the success against digital devices. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why Can’t Our Kids Log Off? B. Where Have the Children Gone? C. Can We Leave the Kids Alone? D. Should We Let Children Go Out? 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏前黄中学·期中）As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 1.What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A. It demands water-free technology. B. It gets high yields with little input. C. It is widely introduced in the world. D. It mixes old and new farming methods. 2.What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A. They are gene editors. B. They are machine operators. C. They are system monitors. D. They are plant programmers. 3.What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A. Low public acceptance. B. Great farmland loss. C. Poor production facilities. D. High energy demands. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏南通市区、通州区、启东市、如东县联考·期中）The age of pre-sorting mixed plastic waste may soon be over. The secret weapon is a cheap catalyst (催化剂) targeting the most problematic plastic. The findings are detailed in a study published in the journal Nature Chemistry. Even after decades of worldwide efforts, recycling plastic remains much easier said than done. The frustrating reality is largely thanks to polyolefins (聚烯烃). Humans make about 220 million tons of polyolefin-based products every year, most of which are single-use items like milk bottles, trash bags, and juice boxes. However, less than 10 percent of polyolefin products are recycled annually, resulting in mountains of waste destined for landfills or being burnt. That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键). “Polyolefins don’t have any weak links. Every bond is incredibly strong and chemically unreactive,” said Yosi Kratish, a chemist at Northwestern University. Meanwhile, burning polyolefins requires temperatures as high as 700℃. “Everything can be burned, of course,” said Kratish. “But we wanted to find an elegant way to add the minimum amount of energy to obtain the maximum value product.” A potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst can deconstruct polyolefin plastic into useful hydrocarbons, but the process also involves high temperatures and expensive catalysts. But Kratish’s team found a workaround. Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure. “That is amazing. It’s definitely not something anybody expected” Kratish said. If proven to be scalable (可规模化) and efficient, the new catalyst could largely cut down the need for plastic pre-sorting while also reducing the amount of microplastics released into the environment every day. 1.Recycling polyolefin remains difficult due to its ________. A. industrial value B. practical application C. chemical structure D. environmental impact 2.What does “an elegant way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Combining hydrogen gas with cationic nickel. B. Deconstructing polyolefins into hydrocarbons. C. Burning polyolefins at a high temperature. D. Breaking down all of a plastic’s structure. 3.What is the advantage of cationic nickel over other catalysts? A. It avoids many steps of processing. B. It operates effectively at a lower cost. C. It breaks down all types of plastic. D. It produces higher quality end products. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The challenge of recycling polyolefins. B. The process of breaking carbon bonds. C. A basic theory of applying catalysts. D. A new method of recycling polyolefins. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）A recent survey conducted by an online magazine sought to measure public perception on the potential impact of artificial intelligence on the job market. The questionnaire gathered insights from diverse groups, including high school students, office professionals, assembly line workers, educators, etc. A total of 500 people participated in the study. The findings are illustrated in the accompanying pie chart: The survey also incorporated a section for open commentary: Lily, 17: “AI might automate some repetitive tasks, but that’s kinda a wake-up call for us to learn new skills. Gotta stay relevant, ya know?” Mr. Felix, 35: “As a designer, I see AI as a major workflow booster — not a threat. It’s like having a super-efficient assistant that works 24/7.” Ms. Zhang, 42: “Education systems need to keep up with the times, fr. We should be teaching adaptive and future-proof skills so the next gen is prepared.” Mr. Gang, 48: “AI worries me. After 25 years on the assembly line, I see smarter machines taking over. Too old to learn new tech easily. How will I support my family?” While a majority of respondents foresee major employment shifts from AI, Mr. Liu, the chief editor of the magazine, highlights that active adaptation and a forward-looking mindset are crucial. He emphasizes that strategic preparation can transform these challenges into opportunities for growth and innovation. 1.What is the primary purpose of the survey in the text? A. To show AI’s threat to manufacturing jobs. B. To compare age groups’ attitudes towards AI. C. To present public views on AI’s impact on jobs. D. To advocate educational reforms for the AI trend. 2.Which best describes the participants’ responses? A. Nervous and resistant. B. Indifferent and inactive. C. Concerned and open-minded. D. Optimistic and excited. 3.What message does Mr. Liu intend to convey? A. Adaptation driven by AI is inevitable. B. Opportunities lie in challenges posed by AI. C. A positive mindset is vital for AI adaptation. D. AI sets people thinking about employee patterns. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏淮阴中学·期中）For sports fans, attending a live match with their favorite team playing is exciting. For the visually challenged, however, this usually means giving up the commentary (解说) from TV broadcasts and relying on their companions to know what’s going on in the game. Hoping to change the situation, OneCourt has created a clever tactile (触觉的) device, aiming to make the excitement of live sports accessible to all. The device, a tactile display, is designed to sit comfortably on the user’s lap. Its surface is a faithful copy of the game field or court, with the plays being turned into vibrations (震动) that fans can follow with their fingertips. As the ball moves across the court or field, the corresponding vibration on the device also shifts position. Currently, the device supports three popular sports: basketball, football, and baseball, the latter of which was put to the test during the MLB’s 2024 All-Star Weekend, proving its functionality and reliability. OneCourt explains that they collect ball and player positional data tracked at the league level. This data is then translated into a special tactile language, which is presented as trackable vibrations on the device’s surface. Recently, the Portland Trail Blazers became the first NBA team to partner with OneCourt. The device is available at home games at no additional cost. The team welcomed blind Paralympian Anthony S. Ferraro to show the device at work. While using it, the athlete was excited to discover how quickly the players were moving on the court. “This was a life-changing experience, and I can’t wait until devices like this are applied across the board in all sports and events,” Ferraro said. The device is of great help to the visually challenged following a game at home, but it really shines at an in-stadium event, where fans can take in the live game in front of them and feel the energy of like-minded sports fans. 1.Why does the author mention “commentary from TV broadcasts” in paragraph 1? A. To show the awkward situation the visually challenged face. B. To introduce the popularity that TV sports broadcasts enjoy. C. To highlight the role live sports commentary plays in a match. D. To compare different ways that people follow sports games. 2.What is special about the tactile device’s surface design? A. It connects to smartphones for voice guidance. B. It adjusts its shape according to different sports rules. C. It displays real-time player data through visual signals. D. It copies the game field and uses vibrations to present plays. 3.What does the example of MLB’s 2024 All-Star Weekend show? A. The device is adaptable to many sports. B. Baseball enjoys a growing popularity among fans. C. The device is considered both practical and reliable. D. More data support is badly needed from sports leagues. 4.What can be inferred about the tactile device from the last paragraph? A. It requires further development to support more sports. B. It may become more widely used in various sports events. C. It is currently available at most NBA teams’ home games. D. It will soon replace TV commentary for the visually challenged. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏淮阴中学·期中）Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (三氟乙酸) is everywhere. Evidence shows that this human-made compound may be the most widespread chemical in the environment. It’s found in animals’ organs, tree leaves, drinking water, house dust, and rainfall. There’s a good chance it’s currently running around your blood this very second! TFA belongs to the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These are infamously known as “forever chemicals” because the carbon-fluorine bonds in their molecular (分子的) structure, the strongest covalent bonds in organic chemistry, make them resistant to degradation in the environment and the human body. Like most PFAS, TFA is highly soluble (可溶的) in water, allowing it to spread effortlessly through natural systems. Some researchers have previously claimed that TFA can form naturally. But scientists largely agree that there is insufficient evidence that this is the case. TFA primarily enters the environment through human activities, mainly as a breakdown product of other PFAS used in industrial processes. A significant source is fluorinated gases (F-gases), which are used for cooling in fridges, air conditioners, cars, and in some medical devices. Global studies have documented a sharp rise in TFA levels. European scientists, in a comprehensive review, analyzed numerous studies on TFA in rain, soil, human blood, plants, food, and drinking water. They concluded that emissions (排放) of this “forever chemical” must be reduced “as soon as possible to protect future generations from potential effects.” The impact of TFA on human health is still unclear. But inevitably, we have some concerns that it may pose a threat to human reproduction, affecting fetal development and fertility, though solid evidence is lacking. In response, some countries are taking steps. In May 2025, Germany proposed classifying TFA as a reproductive poisonous substance under EU law. It is anticipated that other countries, including the US, may follow suit in the next few years. Environmental researcher Sarah Hale believes that TFA will soon become a major topic in America, with discussions on how to deal with it. 1.What do we know about TFA from paragraph 1? A. It is a naturally occurring chemical. B. It exists widely in various environments. C. It is of great harm to human blood flow. D. It is produced from animal organs and plants. 2.Why are PFAS referred to as “forever chemicals”? A. They have strong chemical bonds that help form new substances easily. B. They are widely used in daily necessities and industrial processes globally. C. They are difficult to break down in nature and organisms for their structure. D. They form stable compounds when reacting with environmental substances. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards TFA? A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Tolerant. D. Indifferent. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. TFA Endangers Ecosystems and Human Tissues, Raising Red Flags B. TFA Originates Naturally in Rainwater, Posing Great Environmental Risks C. TFA’s Sources Are Clearly Identified, Demanding Instant Industrial Changes D. TFA’s Health Effects Are Fully Proven, Urging Immediate Medical Intervention Passage 3 （25-26高三上·江苏如东高级中学·期中）Researchers from the University of Bath recently developed a new touch screen that's capable of changing its shape and hardness when users apply various levels of force to it. The screen, which they refer to as “DeformIO”, uses air-powered systems and sensors to detect levels of pressure applied by a finger and then collapse (凹陷) around it. The researchers say it could add a new input layer (输入层) to mobile devices that could be used for a wide variety of tasks, from looking through digital maps to playing games and “feeling” the hardness of products virtually. Though DeformIO, which is 3 mm thick with a 140 mm² surface layer, isn't the first changeable screen, it can apply several force inputs on various parts of the screen at the same time, which means users can experience a feeling of continuous tactile (触觉的) response while moving their finger across the screen. “In other words, DeformIO allows users to feel a richer, more tactile and natural response as they press the surface,” lead author James Nash said. If the new screens are ever indeed applied to widespread consumer mobile devices, they could change the way users interface with apps and services used on a daily basis. The researchers imagine a situation where a future traveler equipped with DeformIO uses it to move through sections of the digital map. In this example, the traveler could quickly switch between the road view section of a map and satellite view by simply applying more and less pressure on the screen. It's uncertain if everyday phone users will find the new screen attractive enough to give up their glass touch screens. Less advanced mobile designs like foldable screens, which have already existed for years, are still struggling to gain wide use outside of a limited audience. It’s possible that screens like DeformIO could end up the same way. “We hope that in 10 to 20 years’ time, the concepts it presents could be in your mobile phone. For now, we' re exploring the applications it might be best suited to. ” Nash said. 1.What can be learned about DeformIO? A. It's a protective layer for screens. B. It's a screen with tactile flexibility. C. It performs different tasks together. D. It senses changes in users' identity. 2.What makes DeformIO stand out among other similar designs? A. Its adaptable appearance. B. Its better-quality sensors. C. Its small size and light weight. D. Its more realistic sense of touch. 3.What does the underlined phrase “interface with” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mix up. B. Assist with. C. Connect with. D. Improve on. 4.What challenge might DeformIO face? A. Low customer interest. B. Technical design limitations. C. Insufficient development funds. D. Strong competition within the industry. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）Catherine Raven, a former biology professor with a profound love for nature, has gifted readers a touching memoir titled Fox and I: An Uncommon Friendship. Drawing on her academic background and personal experiences, Raven crafts a narrative that blends scientific insight with heartfelt emotion, making the book a standout in nature writing. The story unfolds in a remote corner of Montana, where Raven lives alone in a small cabin she built herself. Her solitary life takes an unexpected turn when a wild fox begins visiting her every day at 4:15 p.m. What starts as a cautious encounter evolves into a deep bond — Raven even reads The Little Prince to the fox, creating a unique connection that transcends different species. Through this friendship, she reflects on themes of loneliness, companionship, and the inevitable losses that come with loving the natural world. Critics have praised the book warmly. The New York Times calls it “a tender and insightful exploration of our relationship with nature,” highlighting Raven’s ability to blend observation with reflection. The Washington Post recommends it as a “must-read for summer,” noting its ability to remind readers of the beauty in quiet connections. A bestseller and winner of the PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award, Fox and I is more than a memoir — it’s a celebration of the magic that happens when we open our hearts to the world around us. Animal encounter books are common, and the good ones act like peaceful countryside escapes. Fox and I shares core similarities with Chloe Dalton’s Raising Hare and Helen Macdonald’s H Is for Hawk: all three explore profound, transformative bonds between humans and wild animals, using these relationships to delve into universal themes of grief, healing, and our place in the natural world. However, Fox and I stands apart in its quiet closeness with the fox and focus on “everyday magic” — unlike the intense, sometimes chaotic, violent journey in H Is for Hawk or the hands-on nurturing in Raising Hare, Raven’s story centers on a gentle, routine-driven connection that unfolds through small, consistent moments, offering a unique reflection on companionship without possession. 1.Why is Raven’s book Fox and I outstanding in nature writing? A. It is written by a biology professor. B. It combines science with emotion. C. It is set in a remote corner of Montana. D. It tells a story between human and nature. 2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Deal with. B. Apply to. C. Go beyond. D. Arise from. 3.According to paragraph 3, what can readers learn from the book Fox and I? A. The book is well received by both critics and readers. B. A bestseller should reveal the beauty in quiet connections. C. Blending observation and reflection is vital for a biologist. D. An open heart to the surroundings invites unexpected wonder. 4.Which of the following is an example of “everyday magic” in paragraph 4? A. Amy feeds a homeless cat daily and makes friends with it. B. Tom saved a badly-hurt bird in a forest and took it to the zoo. C. Mary trains her dog every day and now it can do many tricks. D. David captured a wild animal and successfully made it his pet. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中）The Qatari desert has become an unexpected canvas for unique art installations (布置) by Olafur Eliasson, an Icelandic-Danish artist. Eliasson’s artwork, called Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day, consists of 20 large round shelters, three single rings and two double rings arranged in a symmetrical (对称的) pattern. While the mirror ceilings playfully blend (混和) the boundaries between the sandy ground and the vast sky, these shapes blend naturally with the horizon, creating ever-changing landscapes with sunlight and shadows. Eliasson, who lives and works in Copenhagen and Berlin, says he was drawn to this remote corner of Qatar due to its surprising similarities to his homeland of Iceland. He finds the desert without human habitation is full of life, and he is attracted by the landscape there. Eliasson’s artwork is designed to draw people in, encouraging them to think about the surroundings carefully. From a distance, the mirrored undersides of the shelters and rings create a shimmering (闪烁的) effect on the horizon, while up close, they create an environment that reflects the land and the viewer within the landscape. Through his artwork, Eliasson aims to amplify human movements, creating a sense of passing time and offering space for self-reflection and shared experiences across different communities and cultures. Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day seeks to inspire people to reflect on rebuilding relationships with the planet and explore different ways of caring for the Earth. The artist believes that art should play a key role in addressing the climate crisis by offering specific experiences and opportunities for self-reflection, developing connections and understanding across different communities. He also created drawing machines in the desert, using the intense light of the sun and the motion of the wind to make marks on pieces of paper and canvas. You might say that they quite literally, although in a different, artistic way, use two of the most important alternative, renewable energy sources for building a carbon-free future: wind and solar. 1.What does Eliasson’s artwork impress us most? A. Shelters are closely attached to rings. B. Artificial shapes mix well with nature. C. The Qatari desert has great landscapes. D. Strong sunlight makes shelters moving. 2.What drew Olafur Eliasson to the desert? A. The deep love for Iceland. B. The global climate crisis. C. The undeveloped ecology. D. The rich natural resources. 3.What does the underlined word “amplify” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Transform greatly. B. Take the place of. C. Consider carefully. D. Increase the effect of. 4.Why does Olafur Eliasson create the artwork in the desert? A. To boost tourism in the Qatari desert. B. To generate more alternative energy. C. To enhance environmental awareness. D. To develop potential artistic talents. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中）On Earth Day — April 22 — the XPrize Foundation, which holds contests that encourage people to come up with new ideas to solve big problems, announced the winners of its Carbon Removal contest. A company called Mati Carbon won the $50 million prize. Their method is simple, but it could remove huge amounts of carbon dioxide and also help farmers grow more food. The company uses a very common kind of volcanic rock called basalt. Basalt is used worldwide to construct roads and buildings. Companies that break up the basalt often have a fine powder of basalt left over that they can’t use. Luckily, this is exactly what Mati Carbon needs. The company removes carbon by spreading this rock powder on farm fields. The powder pulls CO2 out of the water in the soil and stores it in a way that will last for thousands of years. Mati’s method of carbon removal is called “enhanced rock weathering”. The results aren’t just good for the environment — they’re also good for the farmers. Farmers who use the basalt powder on their fields grow roughly 25% more food. In areas with poor soil, farmers can grow as much as 70% more. Mati Carbon is already spreading basalt powder on farms in several countries, including India, Tanzania, and Zambia. The company is focused on working with small farmers in poorer countries, putting the powder on their farmlands for free. To pay for this, the company sells “carbon credits”. Since Mati Carbon is removing pollution, large companies that create pollution buy credits to “offset” their pollution so they can be “carbon neutral”. One of the things that impressed the XPrize judges is how the company carefully tracks and records the impact it is having. So far, Mati Carbon has removed over 1,000 metric tons of CO2. But the company believes that number will grow rapidly. It is planning to begin work in three more countries soon and allow other companies to use its methods to reach even more areas. 1.What is the material used by the winning company? A. Construction waste. B. Rare volcanic ashes. C. Industrial product. D. Farm carbon dioxide. 2.Which words best describe Mati Carbon? A. Newly-built and conserved. B. Far-sighted and aggressive. C. Profit-driven and successful. D. Eco-minded and sympathetic. 3.What can we learn about Mati Carbon according to the last paragraph? A. It has expanded its business across the world. B. It has developed more methods to remove CO2. C. It intends to share its patent with other companies. D. It plans to invite XPrize judges to track its impact. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Joint Effort Pays off in Breaking up the Basalt B. Great Chance Exists in the Green Agriculture C. Mati Carbon Has More Carbon Credits to Sell D. Powerful Idea Wins Carbon Removal XPrize 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏南京中华中学·期中）Climate change could have large impacts on food production across the world. Rising temperatures might boost crop production in cold regions but negatively impact production in warmer areas. Wheat and rice — which benefit from more CO2 in the atmosphere — could see growing output, while corn and sorghum (高粱) could see a decline with warmer temperatures. Farmers can adjust their practices to a warmer climate in four key ways: Farmers can change WHAT they plant. This could be an entirely different type of crop: corn instead of wheat. Or a different variety of a specific crop. FOUR KEY WAYS Farmers can change WHERE crops are planted. If temperatures rise in fall, crop production can shift north or southwards towards more suitable temperatures. Farmers can change HOW crops are managed. Giving crops the right amount of water, nutrition, and protection from insects and disease can help reduce some impacts of climate change. Farmers can change WHEN they plant. Farmers can plant earlier or later in the year, depending on when spring arrives. Adjusting planting dates requires no additional cost or work. A recent study by experts modeled three adaptation methods — changing WHAT, changing WHEN and changing both of them. The chart below shows their impact on the output of corn, rice, sorghum, soybean (大豆) and wheat. These three adaptation methods can already go some way to relieve climate pressures in some countries. But, of course, we don't only care about crop production at the global level. If farmers in particular regions — especially those that are most food-insecure — cannot adapt to climate change, this is still a major problem. So there is more we can do in the future. 1.What should farmers change if they are short of money and labour? A. WHAT. B. WHERE. C. HOW. D. WHEN. 2.Which crop may benefit most if farmers plant improved varieties? A. Rice. B. Corn. C. Sorghum. D. Wheat. 3.What should be done in the future? A. To adopt the three methods. B. To help the farmers in need. C. To focus on crop production. D. To move to colder regions. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏南京中华中学·期中）From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But ants aren’t like cars. They don’t get stuck in stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects. They want to learn how to program self-driving cars that do not jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density (密度) of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a wave of jam. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo who studies these jamming transitions. Ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails, using traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. What did they find? The ants travel in groups of three to twenty. They move at nearly constant rates. They keep good distances between one another. And they do not speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals. That’s why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno. But self-driven cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars. This would improve traffic flow, perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ant trails. The insects use scent to control behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway, says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong” and flexible, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be grown into a big traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 1.What is the purpose of the study? A. To dig out ants’ secret in keeping their flow. B. To improve autonomous cars’ function. C. To better traffic rules on highways. D. To restrict drivers’ behaviour at rush hour. 2.Why does the author mention the “phase transition” in the second paragraph? A. To illustrate a phenomenon. B. To emphasize an opinion. C. To propose a solution. D. To describe a process. 3.Ants can keep smooth flow because . A. they interact with each other through scent B. they move in groups of flexible sizes C. they follow a strong leadership D. they travel at steady speeds with safe distances 4.How can the future vehicle network be updated? A. By programming a more cooperative pattern. B. By sharing real-time information with other drivers. C. By keeping away with in-time braking. D. By lowering the density of traffic flow. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Under the baking sun, Xu Xiaolong and his colleagues walked through wild grass in the Gobi Desert, scanning the rocky foothills of Helan Mountain in Yinchuan, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region, in search of ancient carvings. Upon finding a pattern on a rock, the team immediately photographed and recorded its location. “This field survey not only assesses the preservation status of previously discovered rock carvings but also helps identify and record new ones,” says Xu, 36, who works with the city’s Helan Mountain rock art administration. He explains that the work lays the foundation for subsequent (随后的) protection efforts. Stretching 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings created by early residents with stones or metal tools. Dating back approximately 10,000 to 3,000 years, the carvings describe diverse subjects ranging from natural images like human faces, animals and handprints, to ancient life scenes like hunting and herding (畜牧). Launched in 2020, the administration has surveyed over 12 square kilometers in and around the Helan Mountain rock art ruins park. Among the carvings, one is characterized by two handprints — one large and the other small. “The handprints likely symbolize ‘me’ and ‘you’, carved into the rock to reach an agreement,” says Zhang Jianguo, deputy director of the administration. He adds that attaching a handprint to documents like contracts was a traditional practice in China, and this rock carving reflects that lasting cultural continuity. Within the park, the deepest carving reaches 1.5 centimeters, a depth that has survived many years of weathering. Through an experiment, the administration found that even three people carving throughout an entire day left only unclear marks, indicating that a single work likely took multiple generations of prehistoric people to complete. Despite their historic significance, the rock carvings face typical preservation challenges like weathering and rainwater. Throughout the entire conservation journey, concrete efforts including field surveys, the construction of flood-prevention dams and protective fencing have been made by workers from the Helan Mountain rock art administration. 1.Why do the researchers study rock carvings in Helan Mountain? A. To show prehistoric carving skills. B. To reveal ancient local life and culture. C. To help restore a ruined rock art park. D. To attract tourists to Helan Mountain. 2.What do the two handprints in paragraph 4 probably represent? A. A mark pointing to Helan Mountain. B. A record of an ancient hunting activity. C. A conventional way of signing a contract. D. A gesture indicating family relationship. 3.What can we learn about the rock carving in paragraph 5? A. It was a long-term project. B. It was created in good weather. C. It was completed within limited time. D. It was discovered in an experiment. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. A race against time to rescue rock carvings B. Advanced techniques to protect rock carvings C. A living museum of culture in Helan Mountain D. A symbolic handprint carving in ancient China 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期中）The human interest with watching others — whether through reality TV or overheard drama — is often dismissed as curiosity. But new research suggests this urge may be a social survival tool dating back millions of years. To explore the origins of social curiosity, Laura Lewis, a psychologist at the University of California, and her colleagues studied how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and adult chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species. The results show that both groups preferred watching social interactions over scenes involving individuals — even giving away small rewards to see the former. “These findings demonstrate that social information is important, rewarding and valuable for humans and other primate(灵长类)species,” Lewis says. “It suggests that social information was also important for our shared primate ancestors and that for millions of years it has been adaptive for primates to gain social information about those around them.” Another recent study explored peer-watching behavior in long-tailed macaques(猕猴). Both female and male macaques showed more interest in aggressive(好斗的)interactions than in peaceful brushing, and both paid more attention to videos of familiar individuals. The study’s lead author, liesbeth Sterck, a primatologist at Utrecht University, says the latter behavior mirrors the way humans are drawn to the social lives of people they recognize — whether family, friends or movie stars. Interest in aggressive interactions, which are likely to reveal shifts in dominance or signal potential threats, supports findings that humans are especially aware of watching conflict in media. “Keeping track of the power balance in your own group likely has prime value for primates, including humans,” Sterck says. Gillian Forrester, who studies comparative cognition(认知)at the University of Sussex, says social attention is key to maintaining a good reputation. In ancient humans and other primates, reputational damage can bar access to food and mates, cause physical conflict and, in extreme cases, lead to potentially deadly rejection. With so much at risk, primates developed to keep a close eye on group members. “Modern humans maintain this sharp attention to other people’s social interactions as an evolutionary adaptation,” Forrester says — so people watching might just pay off. 1.What did Laura Lewis and her team find in their study? A. Children learned to become more social by watching others. B. Chimpanzees showed more interest in watching individuals. C. Children and Chimpanzees needed rewards to watch videos. D. Children and Chimpanzees preferred watching social scenes. 2.Why are macaques and humans interested in aggressive interactions? A. To chase the latest social trends. B. To discover changes and threats. C. To explore the social lives of friends. D. To demonstrate their power over others. 3.What does Gillian Forrester find about reputational damage? A. It affects human’s ability to find food. B. It is mainly caused by physical fights. C. It can lead to serious results like being excluded. D. It can be avoided as primates value group harmony. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Reality TV satisfies human curiosity. B. Social curiosity is developed in childhood. C. Primates share similar behaviors with humans. D. People-watching has deep evolutionary origins. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Scientists are advancing forward in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, and a newly developed system can translate our thoughts into text or sound. It’s essentially an inner speech decoder (解码器), developed by researchers from institutions across the US. In tests on four volunteers with severe disabilities, the decoder has an accuracy rate of up to 74 percent in translating thoughts into audible (听得见的) speech. The potential here is for a BCI that can help those with speech disabilities to communicate more effectively than ever before. Previous BCIs have relied on brain activity that is created when a person tries to speak or write, even though their bodies cannot carry out the action. This new technology gets a step closer to the source. “If you just have to think about speech instead of actually trying to speak, it’s potentially easier and faster for people,” says neuroscientist Benjamin Meschede-Krasa, from Stanford University in the US. Machine learning was used to train the BCI to connect brain signals to words as the four participants thought about them. The researchers found that there was overlap between certain brain patterns when the volunteers tried to speak and when they only imagined words and phrases. Despite this, the signals could be distinguished from each other. With some probability calculations thrown in, the new BCI can recognize up to 125,000 words using only inner speech. “We found that we could decode these signals well enough to demonstrate a proof of principle, although still not as well as we could with attempted speech,” says neuroscientist Frank Willett, from Stanford University. There’s still a long way to go there, and the BCI often falls far short of that 74 maximum accuracy rating. However, by employing more advanced technology, the researchers are confident that the system can be quickly improved over the next few years. “This work gives real hope that speech BCIs can one day restore communication that is as fluent, natural, and comfortable as conversational speech,” says Willett. 1.How does the new BCI system differ from previous ones? A. It helps healthy people communicate fluently. B. It doesn’t require the user to try to speak or write. C. It uses a more advanced machine learning model. D. It can identify more words with higher accuracy. 2.What does the underlined word “overlap” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Gap. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Similarity. 3.What is the main problem with the new BCI? A. Security. B. Speed. C. Accuracy. D. Convenience. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A breakthrough in decoding inner speech. B. The working principle of a new BCI system. C. Differences between a new BCI and previous ones. D. Challenges for people with severe speech disabilities. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期中）Two-thirds of all irrigated(灌溉的) agriculture in the world is likely to be affected in some way by declining glaciers and dwindling snowfall in mountain regions, driven by the climate crisis, according to a UNESCO report. More than 1 billion people live in mountainous regions and, of those in developing countries, up to half are already experiencing food insecurity. That is likely to worsen, as food production in such regions is dependent on mountain waters, melting snow and glaciers (冰川), according to the World Water Development Report 2025. Developed countries are also at risk: in the US, for example, the Colorado River basin has been in drought since 2000, and higher temperatures mean more water falls as rain instead of snow. Rain runs off much faster than melting snow, making dry conditions even worse. The largest three-year loss of glacier mass on record occurred in the past three years, according to separate research from the World Meteorological Organization, with Norway and Sweden among the worst-affected areas. Eastern Africa has lost 80% of its glaciers in places. Glaciers in the Alps, the worst affected in Europe, have shrunk by about 40% over roughly the same period. The decline of glaciers has had a further impact, added Abou Amani, director of water sciences at UNESCO. “Glaciers melting have an impact on the reflectivity of (solar) radiation and that will impact the whole climate system,” he warned. More avalanches(雪崩) will also occur, as rain falling on snow is a major factor behind avalanche formation. Pooling water from melting glaciers can also be released, causing sudden floods in valleys or to people living further down the side of the mountain. These impacts are coming at a time when many food sources are already under pressure. Alvaro Lario, president of the International Fund for Agricultural Development and chair of UN-Water, called for more support for people who live in affected mountain regions. “Water flows downhill, but food insecurity rises uphill. Mountains provide 60% of our freshwater, but the communities that safeguard these vital resources are among the most food insecure,” he said. 1.What does the underlined word “dwindling” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Increasing. B. Wasting. C. Decreasing. D. Changing. 2.What factors contributing to food insecurity are mentioned in the passage? A. Declining glaciers and more avalanches. B. Dry conditions and rain falling on snow. C. Climate impacts and lack of modern irrigation technology. D. Dependence on glacier-fed water and stressed food sources. 3.Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 3? A. To predict future trends of glacier melting. B. To stress the severity of global glacier loss. C. To call for policy in the worst-affected regions. D. To list the decline of glacier in different regions. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Melting Glaciers, Rising Hunger B. Climate Change, Water Shortage C. Threats to Mountain Communities D. Flood Risks from Melting Glaciers / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.C3.B 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 2 113 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.A 主题语境04人与自然-环境 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏淮阴中学·期中）Over 95% of teenagers now use various social media apps. While these apps offer benefits, they also expose teenagers to the risks like privacy and safety. By letting your kids know which apps are good, you can stay in control and keep an eye on their connections. Here we have listed some of the best social media apps for them. Snapchat People can use it to send images, videos, texts, and pictures. As a free app, it has become popular with teenagers because pictures sent to the receivers disappear after being seen. But we still recommend teenagers to use it only for enjoying its fun camera tools. If used wisely, it is fun to take and share creative photos. Instagram It allows users to share pictures and videos with others online and is specifically designed to share photographs and videos with followers. But sharing improper images or videos might harm a teen’s character. Obviously, privacy is all reasons why parents must keep an eye on their children. WhatsApp Nearly 1.6 billion people in the world rely on WhatsApp for communications. Using the app, people may quickly exchange images, videos, documents, location, etc. Its video and voice calls have become a regular part of teenagers’ lives. Since every contact can see the WhatsApp stories and status, parents can keep an eye on their children. Google Duo As a video calling app, you can use it to make video calls to anyone around the world. This app is good for teenagers because it requires contact list permission before you can make calls to anyone. So parents can check their teenager’s phone anytime to know who is calling. Additionally, its calls and chats are end-to-end encrypted (加密) for users’ privacy. 1.Why is Snapchat popular among teenagers? A. It offers free creative camera tools for users. B. It removes pictures automatically after they are viewed. C. It allows sharing photos with a large number of followers. D. It supports instant exchange of digital contents with contacts. 2.What feature of Google Duo is considered beneficial to teenagers? A. It allows users to share daily stories with all contacts. B. It enables users to exchange various types of files quickly. C. It displays stories and status visible to contacts in real time. D. It requires permission to access the contact list before calls. 3.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To recommend parents some safe social media apps for their kids. B. To compare the various functions of different social media apps. C. To warn about the privacy risks of social media for teenagers. D. To explain why today’s teenagers prefer certain social media apps. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇应用说明文。作者指出了青少年使用社交媒体存在的隐私与安全风险。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Snapchat栏原文“As a free app, it has become popular with teenagers because pictures sent to the receivers disappear after being seen. (作为一款免费应用，它在青少年中广受欢迎，因为发送给接收者的图片在被查看后会消失。)”可知，其受追捧的关键是“阅后自动删除”。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Google Duo栏原文“This app is good for teenagers because it requires contact list permission before you can make calls to anyone. (这款应用对青少年很友好，因为在给任何人打电话之前都需要获得通讯录权限。)”可知，家长借此可审查通话对象，因此被认为有益。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。首段“By letting your kids know which apps are good, you can stay in control and keep an eye on their connections. Here we have listed some of the best social media apps for them. (通过告诉孩子哪些应用好用，你可以掌控并关注他们的社交关系。在此我们为他们列出了一些最佳社交媒体应用。)”表明，全文目的是“向家长推荐安全的社交应用”。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏前黄中学·期中）We live in an age where every click, scroll, and purchase is tracked, analyzed, and used to serve us a “personalized” world. Algorithms, the invisible architects of this world, promise efficiency and satisfaction—why waste time on irrelevant content when a machine can curate your perfect feed? But this convenience comes at a steep cost: the slow erosion of our ability to think critically and engage with ideas outside our comfort zones. Proponents of algorithms argue that they simply “give people what they want,” framing choice as a democratic(民主的) ideal. Yet this logic is flawed. When a platform learns you prefer conservative news, it stops showing liberal perspectives; if you binge true-crime podcasts, it floods your queue with similar content. Over time, your worldview shrinks, not by choice, but by design. Psychologists call this the “filter bubble”—a digital echo chamber where dissent is silenced and curiosity withers. Worse, algorithms prioritize engagement over accuracy. Outrageous claims and sensational headlines generate more clicks than nuanced analysis, so they rise to the top. A 2023 study found that 68% of users exposed primarily to algorithmic news developed more polarized(两极分化的) political views compared to those who sought out diverse sources intentionally. This isn’t just about information—it’s about how we form opinions. If we never encounter arguments that challenge our beliefs, we lose the muscle of critical thinking. Defenders counter that users can always “opt out” by adjusting settings or seeking alternative sources. But this ignores the reality of digital behavior: most people scroll mindlessly, trusting the algorithm to guide them. The burden of effort falls disproportionately(不成比例地) on the user, while platforms profit from our intellectual laziness. Algorithms are not inherently evil, but their current design serves corporate interests over human flourishing. To break free, we must reclaim agency—set limits on screen time, actively seek opposing views, and demand platforms prioritize diversity over engagement. The alternative is a world where no one thinks for themselves, because no one has to. 1.What is the main argument of the passage? A. Algorithms should be banned for spreading misinformation. B. Personalization harms our ability to think critically. C. Users are fully responsible for their digital choices. D. Platforms profit from catering to diverse interests. 2.Why does the author mention the “filter bubble”? A. To illustrate the narrowing effect of Personalization. B. To explain how algorithms protect users from harmful content. C. To praise algorithms for creating a comfortable online space. D. To compare digital echo chambers with traditional media. 3.What do proponents of algorithmic fail to consider? A. Users’ ability to easily adjust their settings. B. The profit motives behind platform design. C. The passive nature of most digital consumption. D. The efficiency of personalized content delivery. 4.What does the author suggest to counteract the negative effects of algorithms? A. Regulating platforms to remove all recommendation systems. B. Encouraging users to actively engage with diverse viewpoints. C. Teaching algorithms to prioritize accuracy over engagement. D. Reducing screen time to avoid digital platforms entirely. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了算法在个性化内容推荐中的角色及其对人们批判性思维和观点多样性的负面影响。算法通过跟踪用户行为提供定制内容，但这也导致用户陷入“过滤气泡”，视野狭窄，批判性思维减弱。作者呼吁用户主动寻求多元观点，以对抗算法的消极影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But this convenience comes at a steep cost: the slow erosion of our ability to think critically and engage with ideas outside our comfort zones(但这种便利的代价是高昂的：我们批判性思考的能力以及接触舒适区外观点的能力逐渐被侵蚀)”可知，算法推荐的个性化内容正在损害人们的批判性思维能力。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Over time, your worldview shrinks, not by choice, but by design. Psychologists call this the ‘filter bubble’—a digital echo chamber where dissent is silenced and curiosity withers(随着时间的推移，你的世界观不是通过选择，而是通过设计而缩小。心理学家称之为‘过滤气泡’——一个数字回声室，其中异议被沉默，好奇心枯萎)”可知，随着时间的推移，你的世界观不是通过选择，而是通过设计而缩小，可推理出作者提到“过滤气泡”是为了说明个性化推荐导致用户视野变窄的效果。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“But this ignores the reality of digital behavior: most people scroll mindlessly, trusting the algorithm to guide them(但这忽略了数字行为的现实：大多数人无意识地滚动，信任算法来引导他们)”可知，算法的支持者没有考虑到大多数数字消费的被动性。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To break free, we must reclaim agency—set limits on screen time, actively seek opposing views, and demand platforms prioritize diversity over engagement(为了摆脱这种情况，我们必须重拾主动性——限制屏幕时间，积极寻求相反观点，并要求平台将多样性置于参与度之上)”可知，作者建议用户主动接触多元观点以对抗算法的消极影响。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·江苏南通市区、通州区、启东市、如东县联考·期中）One common explanation for why children spend so much time on screens is that smartphones and social-media platforms are addicting them. Kids socialize online instead of in person because that’s what tech has trained them to want. But this misses a key part of the story. In March, the Harris Poll surveyed more than 500 children aged 8 to 12 across U.S. A majority reported having smartphones, and about half said that most of their friends use social media. But most children in the survey said that they aren’t allowed to be out in public without an adult. Fewer than half of the 8 and 9-year-olds have been to a grocery store alone, and many aren’t permitted to play unsupervised (无监管) even in their own front yard. Yet these are exactly the kinds of freedoms that kids said they long for. Children want to meet up in person, no screens or supervision. But because so many parents restrict their ability to socialize in the real world on their own, kids can only turn to the one thing that allows them to hang out with no adults around: their phones. Since the 1980s, parents have grown more and more afraid that unsupervised time will expose their kids to physical or emotional harm. In another recent survey, parents were asked what they thought would happen if two 10-year-olds played in a local park without adults around, 60% thought the children would likely get injured. However, kids will always have more spare hours than adults can supervise — a gap that devices now fill. We certainly don’t blame parents for this. Telling children to go outside doesn’t work so well when no one else’s kids are there. That’s why we’re so glad that groups around the country are experimenting with ways to rebuild childhood. In Piedmont, for example, a network of parents started dropping their kids off at the park every Friday to play unsupervised. Sometimes the kids argue or get bored — which is good. After all, learning to handle boredom and conflict is an essential part of child development. 1.What is the finding of the Harris Poll survey? A. Most kids have no access to smartphones. B. Most kids lack real-world socialization. C. Many kids are unwilling to be in public. D. Many kids long for playing supervised. 2.What is parents’ main concern about their children? A. They may get hurt outside. B. They may get addicted to screens. C. They may get bored at home. D. They may resist outdoor activities. 3.Why is the example of Piedmont’s park play mentioned? A. To reveal the problems with unsupervised play. B. To show an effort to restore childhood freedom. C. To highlight the importance of supervision. D. To prove the success against digital devices. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why Can’t Our Kids Log Off? B. Where Have the Children Gone? C. Can We Leave the Kids Alone? D. Should We Let Children Go Out? 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了美国调查显示多数孩子因父母限制缺乏现实社交自由，只能通过手机社交，这源于父母对孩子外出受伤的担忧。多地正尝试重建童年自由，如让孩子无监管玩耍，助力其成长。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“But most children in the survey said that they aren’t allowed to be out in public without an adult. Fewer than half of the 8 and 9-year-olds have been to a grocery store alone, and many aren’t permitted to play unsupervised (无监管) even in their own front yard.(但在这项调查中，大多数孩子表示，他们未经成年人陪同是不能在公共场合活动的。在8岁和9岁的孩子中，只有不到一半的孩子曾独自去过超市，而且很多孩子甚至连在自家前院无人看管的情况下玩耍都是被禁止的)”可知，哈里斯民意调查的调查结果是大多数孩子缺乏实际的社会交往经验。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Since the 1980s, parents have grown more and more afraid that unsupervised time will expose their kids to physical or emotional harm. In another recent survey, parents were asked what they thought would happen if two 10-year-olds played in a local park without adults around, 60% thought the children would likely get injured.(自20世纪80年代以来，家长们越来越担心孩子在无人监管的情况下会遭受身体或心理上的伤害。在另一项最近的调查中，家长们被问及如果两个10岁的孩子在当地的公园里玩耍而没有大人在旁看管，他们认为孩子可能会怎样，60%的人认为孩子们很可能会受伤)”可知，父母最担心孩子可能会在外面受到伤害。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“That’s why we’re so glad that groups around the country are experimenting with ways to rebuild childhood. In Piedmont, for example, a network of parents started dropping their kids off at the park every Friday to play unsupervised.(这就是为什么我们如此欣喜地看到全国各地都有团体在探索如何重建孩子们的童年时光。例如，在皮埃蒙特，一群家长自发组织起来，每周五都会把孩子送到公园里让他们自由玩耍，不进行任何监管)”可知，皮埃蒙特公园的案例是为了展示对恢复童年自由的一种努力。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“One common explanation for why children spend so much time on screens is that smartphones and social-media platforms are addicting them. Kids socialize online instead of in person because that’s what tech has trained them to want. But this misses a key part of the story.(关于孩子们为何会花大量时间盯着屏幕，一个常见的解释是智能手机和社交媒体平台让他们产生了依赖。孩子们选择在网上进行社交活动而非面对面交流，因为这是科技所培养出来的他们的需求所在。但这种解释忽略了事情的关键部分)”结合文章主要说明了美国调查显示多数孩子因父母限制缺乏现实社交自由，只能通过手机社交，这源于父母对孩子外出受伤的担忧。多地正尝试重建童年自由，如让孩子无监管玩耍，助力其成长可知，A选项“为何我们的孩子不能“下线”呢？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏前黄中学·期中）As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 1.What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A. It demands water-free technology. B. It gets high yields with little input. C. It is widely introduced in the world. D. It mixes old and new farming methods. 2.What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A. They are gene editors. B. They are machine operators. C. They are system monitors. D. They are plant programmers. 3.What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A. Low public acceptance. B. Great farmland loss. C. Poor production facilities. D. High energy demands. 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍洛杉矶康普顿一家农业公司的高科技耕作系统，阐述其无土、自动化等特点、优势，也提及推广挑战及未来潜力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere.(该设施使用精确校准的LED照明和营养输送系统，与传统农场相比，产量高达350倍，而用水量仅为传统农场的10%——而且它几乎可以在任何地方复制。)”可知，这种创新耕作系统的主要特点是投入少（用水少）却能获得高产量。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition.(“植物实际上就是小型软件程序，”其中一位科学家解释道。通过研究植物DNA而不改变它，科学家们可以对植物的生长、风味和营养等特性进行“编程”。)”可知，科学家在该耕作系统流程中的主要角色是植物“程序员”，可对植物特性进行调控。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited.(然而，高昂的成本——包括能源密集型的人工照明——可能会阻碍其在全球范围内的应用，尤其是在基础设施有限的发展中国家。)”可知，高能源需求带来的高成本可能限制该耕作系统在全球的推广。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome.(这会是农业的未来吗？凭借其惊人的效率、最小的环境影响以及在全球范围内复制的潜力，如果能克服规模化和可负担性方面的挑战，这种高科技耕作模式可能很快会成为养活我们不断增长的人口的关键。)”可知，作者认可该耕作系统的优势和潜力，对农业未来持乐观态度。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏南通市区、通州区、启东市、如东县联考·期中）The age of pre-sorting mixed plastic waste may soon be over. The secret weapon is a cheap catalyst (催化剂) targeting the most problematic plastic. The findings are detailed in a study published in the journal Nature Chemistry. Even after decades of worldwide efforts, recycling plastic remains much easier said than done. The frustrating reality is largely thanks to polyolefins (聚烯烃). Humans make about 220 million tons of polyolefin-based products every year, most of which are single-use items like milk bottles, trash bags, and juice boxes. However, less than 10 percent of polyolefin products are recycled annually, resulting in mountains of waste destined for landfills or being burnt. That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键). “Polyolefins don’t have any weak links. Every bond is incredibly strong and chemically unreactive,” said Yosi Kratish, a chemist at Northwestern University. Meanwhile, burning polyolefins requires temperatures as high as 700℃. “Everything can be burned, of course,” said Kratish. “But we wanted to find an elegant way to add the minimum amount of energy to obtain the maximum value product.” A potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst can deconstruct polyolefin plastic into useful hydrocarbons, but the process also involves high temperatures and expensive catalysts. But Kratish’s team found a workaround. Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure. “That is amazing. It’s definitely not something anybody expected” Kratish said. If proven to be scalable (可规模化) and efficient, the new catalyst could largely cut down the need for plastic pre-sorting while also reducing the amount of microplastics released into the environment every day. 1.Recycling polyolefin remains difficult due to its ________. A. industrial value B. practical application C. chemical structure D. environmental impact 2.What does “an elegant way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Combining hydrogen gas with cationic nickel. B. Deconstructing polyolefins into hydrocarbons. C. Burning polyolefins at a high temperature. D. Breaking down all of a plastic’s structure. 3.What is the advantage of cationic nickel over other catalysts? A. It avoids many steps of processing. B. It operates effectively at a lower cost. C. It breaks down all types of plastic. D. It produces higher quality end products. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The challenge of recycling polyolefins. B. The process of breaking carbon bonds. C. A basic theory of applying catalysts. D. A new method of recycling polyolefins. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了聚烯烃塑料因化学结构坚固难以回收，多被填埋或焚烧。美国团队研发出廉价的阳离子镍催化剂，可低温高效分解其碳-碳键，有望终结塑料预分类，减少微塑料污染。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键).(这是因为，其他塑料通常可以通过催化剂分解，而聚烯烃的分解却很困难，因为其碳-碳分子键非常坚固)”可知，由于聚烯烃的化学结构原因，对其进行回收处理仍然存在困难。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段提到“potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst”（氢气+催化剂的潜在解决方案），但传统方案需高温和昂贵催化剂；第五段紧接着介绍Kratish团队的突破——使用廉价的阳离子镍作为催化剂。“an elegant way”指“以最低能量获得最大价值产品的方法”，即“氢气+阳离子镍”的组合，既解决传统方案的弊端，又实现高效分解。故划线词指的是“将氢气与阳离子态的镍相结合”故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure.(与稀有金属不同，工程师们发现一种名为“阳离子镍”的替代品价格低廉且易于获取。其他基于镍的催化剂具有多个反应位点。阳离子镍的单位型变体使其更像是一把精准锋利的刀。它不会破坏塑料的整个结构，而是专门针对那些碳-碳键，且在更低的温度下操作，氢气压力也仅为常规方法的一半)”可知，与其他催化剂相比，阳离子镍成本更低，运行效果却更佳。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The age of pre-sorting mixed plastic waste may soon be over. The secret weapon is a cheap catalyst (催化剂) targeting the most problematic plastic. The findings are detailed in a study published in the journal Nature Chemistry.(对混合塑料废弃物进行预先分类的时代或许即将结束。其关键在于一种廉价的催化剂，它专门针对那些最难处理的塑料。相关研究结果发表在《自然化学》杂志上)”结合文章开篇点明“混合塑料预分类时代或终结，核心是针对难回收塑料的廉价催化剂”，随后围绕聚烯烃回收难题展开，重点介绍 Kratish 团队研发的“阳离子镍催化剂”这一新方法，包括其优势和应用前景。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一种回收聚烯烃的新方法。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）A recent survey conducted by an online magazine sought to measure public perception on the potential impact of artificial intelligence on the job market. The questionnaire gathered insights from diverse groups, including high school students, office professionals, assembly line workers, educators, etc. A total of 500 people participated in the study. The findings are illustrated in the accompanying pie chart: The survey also incorporated a section for open commentary: Lily, 17: “AI might automate some repetitive tasks, but that’s kinda a wake-up call for us to learn new skills. Gotta stay relevant, ya know?” Mr. Felix, 35: “As a designer, I see AI as a major workflow booster — not a threat. It’s like having a super-efficient assistant that works 24/7.” Ms. Zhang, 42: “Education systems need to keep up with the times, fr. We should be teaching adaptive and future-proof skills so the next gen is prepared.” Mr. Gang, 48: “AI worries me. After 25 years on the assembly line, I see smarter machines taking over. Too old to learn new tech easily. How will I support my family?” While a majority of respondents foresee major employment shifts from AI, Mr. Liu, the chief editor of the magazine, highlights that active adaptation and a forward-looking mindset are crucial. He emphasizes that strategic preparation can transform these challenges into opportunities for growth and innovation. 1.What is the primary purpose of the survey in the text? A. To show AI’s threat to manufacturing jobs. B. To compare age groups’ attitudes towards AI. C. To present public views on AI’s impact on jobs. D. To advocate educational reforms for the AI trend. 2.Which best describes the participants’ responses? A. Nervous and resistant. B. Indifferent and inactive. C. Concerned and open-minded. D. Optimistic and excited. 3.What message does Mr. Liu intend to convey? A. Adaptation driven by AI is inevitable. B. Opportunities lie in challenges posed by AI. C. A positive mindset is vital for AI adaptation. D. AI sets people thinking about employee patterns. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家在线杂志的调查显示，公众对人工智能影响就业市场的看法各异，但普遍认同需通过适应和技能升级应对挑战，杂志主编指出，主动应对可化危机为创新机遇。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A recent survey conducted by an online magazine sought to measure public perception on the potential impact of artificial intelligence on the job market. (一家在线杂志最近进行了一项调查，旨在衡量公众对人工智能对就业市场潜在影响的看法。)”可知，调查的主要目的是呈现公众对人工智能影响就业的观点。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据参与者Lily所说的“AI might automate some repetitive tasks, but that’s kinda a wake-up call for us to learn new skills. (人工智能可能会自动完成一些重复性的任务，但这也算是给我们敲响了警钟，让我们去学习新技能。)”、Mr. Felix所说的“As a designer, I see AI as a major workflow booster — not a threat. It’s like having a super-efficient assistant that works 24/7. (作为一名设计师，我认为人工智能是一个主要的工作流程助推器，而不是威胁。这就像有一个全天候工作的超级高效助手。)”、Ms. Zhang所说的“Education systems need to keep up with the times, fr. We should be teaching adaptive and future-proof skills so the next gen is prepared. (教育系统需要与时俱进。我们应该教授适应性强、面向未来的技能，让下一代做好准备。)”和Mr. Gang所说的“AI worries me. After 25 years on the assembly line, I see smarter machines taking over. Too old to learn new tech easily. (人工智能让我担心。在流水线上工作了25年后，我看到更智能的机器正在接管。太老了，不容易学习新技术。)”可知，Lily、Mr. Felix和Ms. Zhang均认为需适应或利用人工智能，Mr. Gang表达了对失业的忧虑。由此可知，受访者的反应既有担忧，也有开放心态。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While a majority of respondents foresee major employment shifts from AI, Mr. Liu, the chief editor of the magazine, highlights that active adaptation and a forward-looking mindset are crucial. He emphasizes that strategic preparation can transform these challenges into opportunities for growth and innovation. (虽然大多数受访者预计人工智能将带来重大的就业变化，但该杂志的主编刘先生强调，积极适应和前瞻性思维至关重要。他强调，战略性准备可以将这些挑战转化为增长和创新的机遇。)”可知，刘先生指出积极适应和前瞻性思维很重要，战略性准备可将人工智能带来的挑战转化为机遇。由此可知，他认为机遇存在于人工智能带来的挑战中。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏淮阴中学·期中）For sports fans, attending a live match with their favorite team playing is exciting. For the visually challenged, however, this usually means giving up the commentary (解说) from TV broadcasts and relying on their companions to know what’s going on in the game. Hoping to change the situation, OneCourt has created a clever tactile (触觉的) device, aiming to make the excitement of live sports accessible to all. The device, a tactile display, is designed to sit comfortably on the user’s lap. Its surface is a faithful copy of the game field or court, with the plays being turned into vibrations (震动) that fans can follow with their fingertips. As the ball moves across the court or field, the corresponding vibration on the device also shifts position. Currently, the device supports three popular sports: basketball, football, and baseball, the latter of which was put to the test during the MLB’s 2024 All-Star Weekend, proving its functionality and reliability. OneCourt explains that they collect ball and player positional data tracked at the league level. This data is then translated into a special tactile language, which is presented as trackable vibrations on the device’s surface. Recently, the Portland Trail Blazers became the first NBA team to partner with OneCourt. The device is available at home games at no additional cost. The team welcomed blind Paralympian Anthony S. Ferraro to show the device at work. While using it, the athlete was excited to discover how quickly the players were moving on the court. “This was a life-changing experience, and I can’t wait until devices like this are applied across the board in all sports and events,” Ferraro said. The device is of great help to the visually challenged following a game at home, but it really shines at an in-stadium event, where fans can take in the live game in front of them and feel the energy of like-minded sports fans. 1.Why does the author mention “commentary from TV broadcasts” in paragraph 1? A. To show the awkward situation the visually challenged face. B. To introduce the popularity that TV sports broadcasts enjoy. C. To highlight the role live sports commentary plays in a match. D. To compare different ways that people follow sports games. 2.What is special about the tactile device’s surface design? A. It connects to smartphones for voice guidance. B. It adjusts its shape according to different sports rules. C. It displays real-time player data through visual signals. D. It copies the game field and uses vibrations to present plays. 3.What does the example of MLB’s 2024 All-Star Weekend show? A. The device is adaptable to many sports. B. Baseball enjoys a growing popularity among fans. C. The device is considered both practical and reliable. D. More data support is badly needed from sports leagues. 4.What can be inferred about the tactile device from the last paragraph? A. It requires further development to support more sports. B. It may become more widely used in various sports events. C. It is currently available at most NBA teams’ home games. D. It will soon replace TV commentary for the visually challenged. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了OneCourt开发的触觉设备，通过震动模拟球场动态，帮助视障人士实时感受篮球、足球和棒球比赛，已在NBA和MLB赛事中测试应用，获残奥运动员高度评价。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For sports fans, attending a live match with their favorite team playing is exciting. For the visually challenged, however, this usually means giving up the commentary (解说) from TV broadcasts and relying on their companions to know what’s going on in the game. Hoping to change the situation, OneCourt has created a clever tactile (触觉的) device, aiming to make the excitement of live sports accessible to all.(对于体育迷来说，与自己支持的球队一起观看现场比赛是一件令人兴奋的事情。然而，对于视力有障碍的人来说，这通常意味着要放弃电视转播中的解说内容，而要依靠同伴来了解比赛的进展情况。为了改变这种状况，OneCourt公司研发了一种巧妙的触觉设备，旨在让所有人都能享受到现场体育赛事的精彩)”可知推，文章第一段提到电视转播中的解说内容是为了说明视力障碍者在观看体育赛事时所面临的尴尬处境，从而引出下文设备。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Its surface is a faithful copy of the game field or court, with the plays being turned into vibrations (震动) that fans can follow with their fingertips. As the ball moves across the court or field, the corresponding vibration on the device also shifts position.(其表面与比赛场地或球场的形状完全一致，比赛中的动作会转化为振动，球迷们可以通过指尖感受到这些振动。当球在球场或场地上来回移动时，设备上的相应振动位置也会随之变化)”可知，触觉设备的表面设计复制了比赛场地，并通过震动来展示比赛情况。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Currently, the device supports three popular sports: basketball, football, and baseball, the latter of which was put to the test during the MLB’s 2024 All-Star Weekend, proving its functionality and reliability.(目前，该设备支持三项流行的运动：篮球、足球和棒球。其中棒球这项运动在2024年美国职业棒球大联盟全明星周末期间进行了测试，证明了其功能性和可靠性)”可知，作者引用2024年美国职业棒球大联盟全明星周末比赛作为例子，说明该设备被认为既实用又可靠。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The device is available at home games at no additional cost.(该设备在主场赛事中是免费提供的，无需额外付费)”及““This was a life-changing experience, and I can’t wait until devices like this are applied across the board in all sports and events,” Ferraro said.(费拉罗表示：“这是一次改变人生的经历，我迫不及待地希望这类设备能在所有体育赛事和活动中全面普及。”)”可推知，该设备在未来有可能会在各类体育赛事中得到更广泛的应用。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏淮阴中学·期中）Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (三氟乙酸) is everywhere. Evidence shows that this human-made compound may be the most widespread chemical in the environment. It’s found in animals’ organs, tree leaves, drinking water, house dust, and rainfall. There’s a good chance it’s currently running around your blood this very second! TFA belongs to the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These are infamously known as “forever chemicals” because the carbon-fluorine bonds in their molecular (分子的) structure, the strongest covalent bonds in organic chemistry, make them resistant to degradation in the environment and the human body. Like most PFAS, TFA is highly soluble (可溶的) in water, allowing it to spread effortlessly through natural systems. Some researchers have previously claimed that TFA can form naturally. But scientists largely agree that there is insufficient evidence that this is the case. TFA primarily enters the environment through human activities, mainly as a breakdown product of other PFAS used in industrial processes. A significant source is fluorinated gases (F-gases), which are used for cooling in fridges, air conditioners, cars, and in some medical devices. Global studies have documented a sharp rise in TFA levels. European scientists, in a comprehensive review, analyzed numerous studies on TFA in rain, soil, human blood, plants, food, and drinking water. They concluded that emissions (排放) of this “forever chemical” must be reduced “as soon as possible to protect future generations from potential effects.” The impact of TFA on human health is still unclear. But inevitably, we have some concerns that it may pose a threat to human reproduction, affecting fetal development and fertility, though solid evidence is lacking. In response, some countries are taking steps. In May 2025, Germany proposed classifying TFA as a reproductive poisonous substance under EU law. It is anticipated that other countries, including the US, may follow suit in the next few years. Environmental researcher Sarah Hale believes that TFA will soon become a major topic in America, with discussions on how to deal with it. 1.What do we know about TFA from paragraph 1? A. It is a naturally occurring chemical. B. It exists widely in various environments. C. It is of great harm to human blood flow. D. It is produced from animal organs and plants. 2.Why are PFAS referred to as “forever chemicals”? A. They have strong chemical bonds that help form new substances easily. B. They are widely used in daily necessities and industrial processes globally. C. They are difficult to break down in nature and organisms for their structure. D. They form stable compounds when reacting with environmental substances. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards TFA? A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Tolerant. D. Indifferent. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. TFA Endangers Ecosystems and Human Tissues, Raising Red Flags B. TFA Originates Naturally in Rainwater, Posing Great Environmental Risks C. TFA’s Sources Are Clearly Identified, Demanding Instant Industrial Changes D. TFA’s Health Effects Are Fully Proven, Urging Immediate Medical Intervention 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了三氟乙酸（TFA）作为人造“永久性化学品”广泛存在于环境和人体中，因其难降解特性引发全球关注，多国正考虑采取管控措施。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (三氟乙酸) is everywhere. Evidence shows that this human-made compound may be the most widespread chemical in the environment.(三氟乙酸（TFA）无处不在。有证据表明，这种人工合成的化合物可能是环境中分布最广泛的化学物质)”可知，三氟乙酸（TFA）广泛存在于各种环境中。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These are infamously known as “forever chemicals” because the carbon-fluorine bonds in their molecular (分子的) structure, the strongest covalent bonds in organic chemistry, make them resistant to degradation in the environment and the human body.(这些物质之所以臭名昭著地被称为“永久性化学物质”，是因为其分子结构中的碳-氟键（有机化学中最强的共价键）使得它们在环境中以及人体内都难以降解)”可知，PFAS被称为“永久性化学物质”，因为它们的结构在自然界和生物体中很难分解。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The impact of TFA on human health is still unclear. But inevitably, we have some concerns that it may pose a threat to human reproduction, affecting fetal development and fertility, though solid evidence is lacking.(TFA对人类健康的影响目前仍不明确。但不可否认的是，我们有一些担忧，即它可能会对人类的生殖产生威胁，影响胎儿发育和生育能力，尽管目前尚缺乏确凿的证据)”可推知，作者对TFA持担忧态度。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后倒数第二段“Global studies have documented a sharp rise in TFA levels. European scientists, in a comprehensive review, analyzed numerous studies on TFA in rain, soil, human blood, plants, food, and drinking water. They concluded that emissions (排放) of this “forever chemical” must be reduced “as soon as possible to protect future generations from potential effects.”(全球研究已证实三氟乙酸（TFA）的含量大幅上升。欧洲科学家在一项全面的综述中，分析了有关雨、土壤、人体血液、植物、食物和饮用水中三氟乙酸的众多研究。他们得出结论，这种“永远存在的化学物质”的排放必须“尽快减少，以保护子孙后代免受潜在影响”)”及最后一段“The impact of TFA on human health is still unclear. But inevitably, we have some concerns that it may pose a threat to human reproduction, affecting fetal development and fertility, though solid evidence is lacking. In response, some countries are taking steps.(TFA对人类健康的影响仍不明确。但毫无疑问，我们有一些担忧，即它可能会对人类的生育能力构成威胁，影响胎儿发育和生育能力，尽管目前尚缺乏确凿的证据。对此，一些国家正在采取措施)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了三氟乙酸（TFA）作为人造“永久性化学品”广泛存在于环境和人体中，因其难降解特性引发全球关注，多国正考虑采取管控措施。由此可知，A选项“TFA危害生态系统和人体组织，引发担忧”符合本文主旨，适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·江苏如东高级中学·期中）Researchers from the University of Bath recently developed a new touch screen that's capable of changing its shape and hardness when users apply various levels of force to it. The screen, which they refer to as “DeformIO”, uses air-powered systems and sensors to detect levels of pressure applied by a finger and then collapse (凹陷) around it. The researchers say it could add a new input layer (输入层) to mobile devices that could be used for a wide variety of tasks, from looking through digital maps to playing games and “feeling” the hardness of products virtually. Though DeformIO, which is 3 mm thick with a 140 mm² surface layer, isn't the first changeable screen, it can apply several force inputs on various parts of the screen at the same time, which means users can experience a feeling of continuous tactile (触觉的) response while moving their finger across the screen. “In other words, DeformIO allows users to feel a richer, more tactile and natural response as they press the surface,” lead author James Nash said. If the new screens are ever indeed applied to widespread consumer mobile devices, they could change the way users interface with apps and services used on a daily basis. The researchers imagine a situation where a future traveler equipped with DeformIO uses it to move through sections of the digital map. In this example, the traveler could quickly switch between the road view section of a map and satellite view by simply applying more and less pressure on the screen. It's uncertain if everyday phone users will find the new screen attractive enough to give up their glass touch screens. Less advanced mobile designs like foldable screens, which have already existed for years, are still struggling to gain wide use outside of a limited audience. It’s possible that screens like DeformIO could end up the same way. “We hope that in 10 to 20 years’ time, the concepts it presents could be in your mobile phone. For now, we' re exploring the applications it might be best suited to. ” Nash said. 1.What can be learned about DeformIO? A. It's a protective layer for screens. B. It's a screen with tactile flexibility. C. It performs different tasks together. D. It senses changes in users' identity. 2.What makes DeformIO stand out among other similar designs? A. Its adaptable appearance. B. Its better-quality sensors. C. Its small size and light weight. D. Its more realistic sense of touch. 3.What does the underlined phrase “interface with” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mix up. B. Assist with. C. Connect with. D. Improve on. 4.What challenge might DeformIO face? A. Low customer interest. B. Technical design limitations. C. Insufficient development funds. D. Strong competition within the industry. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国巴斯大学研发的DeformIO——它能根据手指压力实时改变形状与硬度，为用户提供连续的触觉反馈，从而在手机、地图导航等日常应用中实现更自然、丰富的交互体验。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Researchers from the University of Bath recently developed a new touch screen that's capable of changing its shape and hardness when users apply various levels of force to it. The screen, which they refer to as “DeformIO”, uses air-powered systems and sensors to detect levels of pressure applied by a finger and then collapse (凹陷) around it.(巴斯大学的研究人员最近研发出一款新型触摸屏，当用户对其施加不同力度时，该屏幕能够改变自身的形状与硬度。这款被他们命名为 “DeformIO” 的屏幕，采用气动系统和传感器来检测手指施加的压力大小，随后会围绕手指发生凹陷。)”可知，DeformIO 是一块具有触觉柔韧性的屏幕。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子““In other words, DeformIO allows users to feel a richer, more tactile and natural response as they press the surface,” lead author James Nash said.(首席作者詹姆斯·纳什说：“换句话说，DeformIO可以让用户在按压表面时感受到更丰富、更有触感和更自然的反应。)”可知，DeformIO突出优势是更真实、丰富的触感。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文的“If the new screens are ever indeed applied to widespread consumer mobile devices(如果新屏幕真的应用到广泛的消费者移动设备上)”和下文的例子“The researchers imagine a situation where a future traveler equipped with DeformIO uses it to move through sections of the digital map. In this example, the traveler could quickly switch between the road view section of a map and satellite view by simply applying more and less pressure on the screen.(研究人员设想了一种情况，未来的旅行者配备了DeformIO，用它来穿越数字地图的各个部分。在这个例子中，旅行者可以通过在屏幕上施加更多或更少的压力，在地图的道路视图部分和卫星视图部分之间快速切换)”可知， 此处指的是“改变用户与应用程序的交互/连接方式”。所以interface with的意义为“与……连接”与connect with意义一致。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Less advanced mobile designs like foldable screens, which have already existed for years, are still struggling to gain wide use outside of a limited audience. It's possible that screens like DeformIO could end up the same way.(像折叠屏这类相对不够先进的手机设计，尽管已问世多年，却仍难以在小众群体之外获得广泛应用。DeformIO 这类屏幕最终也有可能落得同样的下场。)”可知，消费者对DeformIO face兴趣可能不高。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）Catherine Raven, a former biology professor with a profound love for nature, has gifted readers a touching memoir titled Fox and I: An Uncommon Friendship. Drawing on her academic background and personal experiences, Raven crafts a narrative that blends scientific insight with heartfelt emotion, making the book a standout in nature writing. The story unfolds in a remote corner of Montana, where Raven lives alone in a small cabin she built herself. Her solitary life takes an unexpected turn when a wild fox begins visiting her every day at 4:15 p.m. What starts as a cautious encounter evolves into a deep bond — Raven even reads The Little Prince to the fox, creating a unique connection that transcends different species. Through this friendship, she reflects on themes of loneliness, companionship, and the inevitable losses that come with loving the natural world. Critics have praised the book warmly. The New York Times calls it “a tender and insightful exploration of our relationship with nature,” highlighting Raven’s ability to blend observation with reflection. The Washington Post recommends it as a “must-read for summer,” noting its ability to remind readers of the beauty in quiet connections. A bestseller and winner of the PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award, Fox and I is more than a memoir — it’s a celebration of the magic that happens when we open our hearts to the world around us. Animal encounter books are common, and the good ones act like peaceful countryside escapes. Fox and I shares core similarities with Chloe Dalton’s Raising Hare and Helen Macdonald’s H Is for Hawk: all three explore profound, transformative bonds between humans and wild animals, using these relationships to delve into universal themes of grief, healing, and our place in the natural world. However, Fox and I stands apart in its quiet closeness with the fox and focus on “everyday magic” — unlike the intense, sometimes chaotic, violent journey in H Is for Hawk or the hands-on nurturing in Raising Hare, Raven’s story centers on a gentle, routine-driven connection that unfolds through small, consistent moments, offering a unique reflection on companionship without possession. 1.Why is Raven’s book Fox and I outstanding in nature writing? A. It is written by a biology professor. B. It combines science with emotion. C. It is set in a remote corner of Montana. D. It tells a story between human and nature. 2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Deal with. B. Apply to. C. Go beyond. D. Arise from. 3.According to paragraph 3, what can readers learn from the book Fox and I? A. The book is well received by both critics and readers. B. A bestseller should reveal the beauty in quiet connections. C. Blending observation and reflection is vital for a biologist. D. An open heart to the surroundings invites unexpected wonder. 4.Which of the following is an example of “everyday magic” in paragraph 4? A. Amy feeds a homeless cat daily and makes friends with it. B. Tom saved a badly-hurt bird in a forest and took it to the zoo. C. Mary trains her dog every day and now it can do many tricks. D. David captured a wild animal and successfully made it his pet. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catherine Raven的书《狐狸和我：不寻常的友谊》，该书聚焦作者与野生狐狸的日常互动，探讨了孤独、陪伴与自然的主题，其叙述融合科学与情感，展现了“敞开心扉”带来的奇迹。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Drawing on her academic background and personal experiences, Raven crafts a narrative that blends scientific insight with heartfelt emotion, making the book a standout in nature writing. (凭借她的学术背景和个人经历，Raven创作了一个融合科学洞察力和真挚情感的叙述，使这本书在自然写作中脱颖而出。)”可知，Raven的这本书在自然写作中脱颖而出是因为它结合了科学与情感。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“What starts as a cautious encounter evolves into a deep bond — Raven even reads The Little Prince to the fox (从最初的谨慎相遇逐渐发展为深厚的纽带——Raven甚至为狐狸朗读《小王子》)”可知，Raven与狐狸发展出深厚的纽带，这种纽带跨越了物种界限，超越常规关系，画线词意思与Go beyond“超越”相近。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fox and I is more than a memoir — it’s a celebration of the magic that happens when we open our hearts to the world around us (《狐狸和我》不仅仅是一本回忆录——它是对当我们向周围的世界敞开心扉时所发生的魔力的庆祝)”可知，读者能从这本书中学到对周围环境敞开心扉会带来意想不到的奇迹。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, Fox and I stands apart in its quiet closeness with the fox and focus on “everyday magic” — unlike the intense, sometimes chaotic, violent journey in H Is for Hawk or the hands-on nurturing in Raising Hare, Raven’s story centers on a gentle, routine-driven connection that unfolds through small, consistent moments, offering a unique reflection on companionship without possession. (然而，《狐狸和我》的与众不同之处在于它与狐狸的亲密关系，专注于“日常的魔法”——不像《雄鹰》中激烈的、有时混乱的、暴力的旅程，也不像《养了一只野兔》中亲力亲为的养育，Raven的故事集中在一种温柔的、日常驱动的联系上，这种联系通过微小的、持续的时刻展开，提供了一种独特的、没有占有的陪伴。)”可知，“日常魔法”是指日常重复的温柔互动，而非激烈干预或驯化，因此“Amy每天喂养一只流浪猫并与之成为朋友”描述日常中维系微小但持续的纽带，是“日常魔法”的最佳例子。故选A项。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中）The Qatari desert has become an unexpected canvas for unique art installations (布置) by Olafur Eliasson, an Icelandic-Danish artist. Eliasson’s artwork, called Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day, consists of 20 large round shelters, three single rings and two double rings arranged in a symmetrical (对称的) pattern. While the mirror ceilings playfully blend (混和) the boundaries between the sandy ground and the vast sky, these shapes blend naturally with the horizon, creating ever-changing landscapes with sunlight and shadows. Eliasson, who lives and works in Copenhagen and Berlin, says he was drawn to this remote corner of Qatar due to its surprising similarities to his homeland of Iceland. He finds the desert without human habitation is full of life, and he is attracted by the landscape there. Eliasson’s artwork is designed to draw people in, encouraging them to think about the surroundings carefully. From a distance, the mirrored undersides of the shelters and rings create a shimmering (闪烁的) effect on the horizon, while up close, they create an environment that reflects the land and the viewer within the landscape. Through his artwork, Eliasson aims to amplify human movements, creating a sense of passing time and offering space for self-reflection and shared experiences across different communities and cultures. Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day seeks to inspire people to reflect on rebuilding relationships with the planet and explore different ways of caring for the Earth. The artist believes that art should play a key role in addressing the climate crisis by offering specific experiences and opportunities for self-reflection, developing connections and understanding across different communities. He also created drawing machines in the desert, using the intense light of the sun and the motion of the wind to make marks on pieces of paper and canvas. You might say that they quite literally, although in a different, artistic way, use two of the most important alternative, renewable energy sources for building a carbon-free future: wind and solar. 1.What does Eliasson’s artwork impress us most? A. Shelters are closely attached to rings. B. Artificial shapes mix well with nature. C. The Qatari desert has great landscapes. D. Strong sunlight makes shelters moving. 2.What drew Olafur Eliasson to the desert? A. The deep love for Iceland. B. The global climate crisis. C. The undeveloped ecology. D. The rich natural resources. 3.What does the underlined word “amplify” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Transform greatly. B. Take the place of. C. Consider carefully. D. Increase the effect of. 4.Why does Olafur Eliasson create the artwork in the desert? A. To boost tourism in the Qatari desert. B. To generate more alternative energy. C. To enhance environmental awareness. D. To develop potential artistic talents. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术家埃利亚松在卡塔尔沙漠的装置艺术及其创作理念与意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Eliasson’s artwork, called Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day, consists of 20 large round shelters, three single rings and two double rings arranged in a symmetrical (对称的) pattern. While the mirror ceilings playfully blend (混和) the boundaries between the sandy ground and the vast sky, these shapes blend naturally with the horizon, creating ever-changing landscapes with sunlight and shadows(埃利亚松的这件作品名为《Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day》，由20座大型圆形庇护所、3个单环与2个双环构成，整体呈对称排布。镜面穹顶巧妙地模糊了沙地与辽阔天空的界限，而这些造型又与地平线自然相融，借由阳光与阴影营造出变幻无穷的景致。)”可知，埃利亚松的作品最令人印象深刻的是“人造造型与自然环境的完美融合”。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Eliasson, who lives and works in Copenhagen and Berlin, says he was drawn to this remote corner of Qatar due to its surprising similarities to his homeland of Iceland. He finds the desert without human habitation is full of life, and he is attracted by the landscape there.(埃利亚松定居并工作于哥本哈根与柏林，他表示自己被卡塔尔这片偏远之地吸引，源于其与故土冰岛惊人的相似之处。他发现这片无人栖息的沙漠充满生命力，而当地的景致也深深吸引着他。)”可知，“无人居住”意味着沙漠的生态未被人类过度开发，保持着原始自然的状态，这正是吸引埃利亚松的核心原因。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“From a distance, the mirrored undersides of the shelters and rings create a shimmering(闪烁的) effect on the horizon, while up close, they create an environment that reflects the land and the viewer within the landscape.(从远处看，庇护所和圆环的镜面底部在地平线上形成闪烁的效果；而近距离观赏时，它们营造出一种能映照出大地和景致中观赏者的环境。)”以及划线词后文“creating a sense of passing time and offering space for self-reflection(营造出时光流逝之感，并为自我反思提供空间)”可知，作品通过“映照环境与观赏者”，让人类的动作在这样的环境中更易被感知，进而放大其影响，实现“引发思考、感受时光”的效果。因此“amplify”应意为“增强……的效果、放大”，与选项D“Increase the effect of.(增加效果)”语义一致。选项A（极大转变）、B（取代）、C（仔细考虑）均不符合语境。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day seeks to inspire people to reflect on rebuilding relationships with the planet and explore different ways of caring for the Earth.(《Shadows Travelling on the Sea of the Day》旨在激励人们思考如何与地球重建关系，探索呵护地球的不同方式。)”可知，埃利亚松在沙漠创作这件艺术品的目的是启发人们反思与地球的关系，提升大家的环保意识。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中）On Earth Day — April 22 — the XPrize Foundation, which holds contests that encourage people to come up with new ideas to solve big problems, announced the winners of its Carbon Removal contest. A company called Mati Carbon won the $50 million prize. Their method is simple, but it could remove huge amounts of carbon dioxide and also help farmers grow more food. The company uses a very common kind of volcanic rock called basalt. Basalt is used worldwide to construct roads and buildings. Companies that break up the basalt often have a fine powder of basalt left over that they can’t use. Luckily, this is exactly what Mati Carbon needs. The company removes carbon by spreading this rock powder on farm fields. The powder pulls CO2 out of the water in the soil and stores it in a way that will last for thousands of years. Mati’s method of carbon removal is called “enhanced rock weathering”. The results aren’t just good for the environment — they’re also good for the farmers. Farmers who use the basalt powder on their fields grow roughly 25% more food. In areas with poor soil, farmers can grow as much as 70% more. Mati Carbon is already spreading basalt powder on farms in several countries, including India, Tanzania, and Zambia. The company is focused on working with small farmers in poorer countries, putting the powder on their farmlands for free. To pay for this, the company sells “carbon credits”. Since Mati Carbon is removing pollution, large companies that create pollution buy credits to “offset” their pollution so they can be “carbon neutral”. One of the things that impressed the XPrize judges is how the company carefully tracks and records the impact it is having. So far, Mati Carbon has removed over 1,000 metric tons of CO2. But the company believes that number will grow rapidly. It is planning to begin work in three more countries soon and allow other companies to use its methods to reach even more areas. 1.What is the material used by the winning company? A. Construction waste. B. Rare volcanic ashes. C. Industrial product. D. Farm carbon dioxide. 2.Which words best describe Mati Carbon? A. Newly-built and conserved. B. Far-sighted and aggressive. C. Profit-driven and successful. D. Eco-minded and sympathetic. 3.What can we learn about Mati Carbon according to the last paragraph? A. It has expanded its business across the world. B. It has developed more methods to remove CO2. C. It intends to share its patent with other companies. D. It plans to invite XPrize judges to track its impact. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Joint Effort Pays off in Breaking up the Basalt B. Great Chance Exists in the Green Agriculture C. Mati Carbon Has More Carbon Credits to Sell D. Powerful Idea Wins Carbon Removal XPrize 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在地球日当天，XPrize基金会宣布了碳去除竞赛的获胜者——Mati Carbon公司，该公司利用一种常见火山岩粉末去除二氧化碳并帮助农民增产，还详细介绍了其方法、成果及未来计划。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The company uses a very common kind of volcanic rock called basalt. Basalt is used worldwide to construct roads and buildings. Companies that break up the basalt often have a fine powder of basalt left over that they can’t use.(该公司使用一种非常常见的火山岩，称为玄武岩。玄武岩在世界各地被用于建造道路和建筑物。分解玄武岩的公司通常会有无法使用的玄武岩细粉剩余。)”可知，获奖公司使用的材料是建筑垃圾。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The powder pulls CO2 out of the water in the soil and stores it in a way that will last for thousands of years.(这种粉末从土壤中的水中吸收二氧化碳，并以一种可以持续数千年的方式储存起来。)”可知，该公司具有环保意识；根据第四段“The company is focused on working with small farmers in poorer countries, putting the powder on their farmlands for free.(该公司专注于与较贫穷国家的小农合作，免费将粉末撒在他们的农田上。)”可知，该公司具有同情心，由此可知，有环保意识的和有同情心的最能描述Mati Carbon公司。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is planning to begin work in three more countries soon and allow other companies to use its methods to reach even more areas.(该公司计划很快在另外三个国家开展工作，并允许其他公司使用其方法，以覆盖更多的地区。)”可知，Mati Carbon公司打算与其他公司分享其专利。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“On Earth Day — April 22 — the XPrize Foundation, which holds contests that encourage people to come up with new ideas to solve big problems, announced the winners of its Carbon Removal contest. A company called Mati Carbon won the $50 million prize. Their method is simple, but it could remove huge amounts of carbon dioxide and also help farmers grow more food.(在4月22日地球日当天，XPrize基金会宣布了其碳去除竞赛的获胜者。XPrize基金会举办竞赛，鼓励人们提出解决重大问题的新想法。一家名为Mati Carbon的公司赢得了5000万美元的奖金。他们的方法很简单，但可以去除大量的二氧化碳，还可以帮助农民种植更多的粮食。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了Mati Carbon公司凭借其强大的创意赢得了碳去除XPrize奖，所以选项D最适合作为这篇文章的最佳标题。故选D项。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏南京中华中学·期中）Climate change could have large impacts on food production across the world. Rising temperatures might boost crop production in cold regions but negatively impact production in warmer areas. Wheat and rice — which benefit from more CO2 in the atmosphere — could see growing output, while corn and sorghum (高粱) could see a decline with warmer temperatures. Farmers can adjust their practices to a warmer climate in four key ways: Farmers can change WHAT they plant. This could be an entirely different type of crop: corn instead of wheat. Or a different variety of a specific crop. FOUR KEY WAYS Farmers can change WHERE crops are planted. If temperatures rise in fall, crop production can shift north or southwards towards more suitable temperatures. Farmers can change HOW crops are managed. Giving crops the right amount of water, nutrition, and protection from insects and disease can help reduce some impacts of climate change. Farmers can change WHEN they plant. Farmers can plant earlier or later in the year, depending on when spring arrives. Adjusting planting dates requires no additional cost or work. A recent study by experts modeled three adaptation methods — changing WHAT, changing WHEN and changing both of them. The chart below shows their impact on the output of corn, rice, sorghum, soybean (大豆) and wheat. These three adaptation methods can already go some way to relieve climate pressures in some countries. But, of course, we don't only care about crop production at the global level. If farmers in particular regions — especially those that are most food-insecure — cannot adapt to climate change, this is still a major problem. So there is more we can do in the future. 1.What should farmers change if they are short of money and labour? A. WHAT. B. WHERE. C. HOW. D. WHEN. 2.Which crop may benefit most if farmers plant improved varieties? A. Rice. B. Corn. C. Sorghum. D. Wheat. 3.What should be done in the future? A. To adopt the three methods. B. To help the farmers in need. C. To focus on crop production. D. To move to colder regions. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，围绕气候变化下农民适应方案展开，介绍了调整种植时间、更换作物品种等适应方式的特点，并指出未来需重点帮助粮食不安全地区农民适应气候变化。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据表格中“Adjusting planting dates requires no additional cost or work.(调整种植日期不需要额外的成本或工作。)”可知，调整种植时间（WHEN）无需额外成本和人力，这种方式最适合资金和劳动力短缺的农民。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。结合图表可知，在“Changing WHAT only(仅更换作物品种)”的方案下，选项A对应的作物产量增幅最显著，说明这类作物从改良品种的适应方案中获益最为明显。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。文章最后一段指出“If farmers in particular regions — especially those that are most food-insecure — cannot adapt to climate change, this is still a major problem.(如果特定地区的农民（尤其是那些粮食供应最不稳定的地区农民）无法适应气候变化，那么这仍然是一个重大问题。)”，由此可推断，未来的重点应是帮助有需求的农民。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏南京中华中学·期中）From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But ants aren’t like cars. They don’t get stuck in stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects. They want to learn how to program self-driving cars that do not jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density (密度) of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a wave of jam. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo who studies these jamming transitions. Ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails, using traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. What did they find? The ants travel in groups of three to twenty. They move at nearly constant rates. They keep good distances between one another. And they do not speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals. That’s why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno. But self-driven cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars. This would improve traffic flow, perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ant trails. The insects use scent to control behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway, says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong” and flexible, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be grown into a big traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 1.What is the purpose of the study? A. To dig out ants’ secret in keeping their flow. B. To improve autonomous cars’ function. C. To better traffic rules on highways. D. To restrict drivers’ behaviour at rush hour. 2.Why does the author mention the “phase transition” in the second paragraph? A. To illustrate a phenomenon. B. To emphasize an opinion. C. To propose a solution. D. To describe a process. 3.Ants can keep smooth flow because . A. they interact with each other through scent B. they move in groups of flexible sizes C. they follow a strong leadership D. they travel at steady speeds with safe distances 4.How can the future vehicle network be updated? A. By programming a more cooperative pattern. B. By sharing real-time information with other drivers. C. By keeping away with in-time braking. D. By lowering the density of traffic flow. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过研究蚂蚁的行为，来探索如何改进自动驾驶汽车的编程，以避免交通拥堵。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers are now studying these insects. They want to learn how to program self-driving cars that do not jam up.(研究人员现在正在研究这些昆虫，他们想了解如何对不会造成拥堵的自动驾驶汽车进行编程。)”以及第四段“But self-driven cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars. This would improve traffic flow, perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.(但是自动驾驶汽车，如果有一天它们变得普及，可能会有更具协作性的编程。在对未来的一种设想中，自动驾驶汽车将与附近的汽车共享信息。研究人员认为，这或许可以通过优先保持恒定的速度和车距，或者不在路上超车来改善交通流量。)”可知，研究人员正在研究蚂蚁，他们想要了解如何对不会造成拥堵的自动驾驶汽车进行编程。由此可知，研究蚂蚁的目的是为了改进自动驾驶汽车的功能，使其交通状况更好。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density(密度) of cars increases on a highway. At 15vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a wave of jam. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo who studies these jamming transitions.(随着高速公路上汽车密度的增加，交通的自由流动会变得不稳定。当每条车道每英里有15辆车时，一个司机轻点刹车就可能引发一连串的拥堵。‘这是一种相变，’就像水从液态变成固态一样，东京大学研究这种拥堵转变的数学物理学家Katsuhiro Nishinari说道。)”可知，作者先是描述了随着高速公路上汽车密度增加，交通自由流动变得不稳定，一个司机轻点刹车就能引发拥堵的情况，然后引用Katsuhiro Nishinari的话，将这种交通拥堵的形成类比为水从液态变成固态的“相变”现象。因此，作者在第二段提到“phase transition”是为了解释交通从流畅到堵塞的这一种现象。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails, using traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. What did they find? The ants travel in groups of three to twenty. They move at nearly constant rates. They keep good distances between one another. And they do not speed up to pass others.(蚂蚁即使在高密度的情况下也能保持行进顺畅。那么它们的秘诀是什么呢？在最近的一项研究中，研究人员用交通工程模型记录并分析了小路上的蚂蚁的行动。他们发现了什么呢？蚂蚁是以三到二十只为一组行进的。它们几乎以恒定的速度移动。它们彼此之间保持着合适的距离。而且它们不会加速超过其他蚂蚁。)”可知，研究发现蚂蚁以三到二十只为一组行进，它们几乎以恒定的速度移动，彼此之间保持着合适的距离，而且不会加速超过其他蚂蚁。由此可知，在安全距离内以稳定的速度行进使得蚂蚁即使在高密度的情况下也能保持行进顺畅。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Human drivers at rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals. That’s why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno. But self-driven cars, if they one day become common, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars. This would improve traffic flow, perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.(在高峰时段开车的人类司机几乎不太可能遵守这样的规则。‘我们总是在最大化个人的利益。这就是为什么在某个特定时刻，交通就会拥堵起来，’该研究的合著者Nicola Pugno说道。但是自动驾驶汽车，如果有一天它们变得普及，可能会有更具协作性的编程。在对未来的一种设想中，自动驾驶汽车将与附近的汽车共享信息。研究人员认为，这或许可以通过优先保持恒定的速度和车距，或者不在路上超车来改善交通流量。)”可知，人类司机在高峰时段往往为了个人利益而导致交通拥堵，而未来的自动驾驶汽车如果普及，可能会有更具协作性的编程，通过共享信息来改善交通流量，比如优先保持恒定速度和车距、不超车等。也就是说，未来车辆网络可以通过编写更具协作性的模式来更新。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Under the baking sun, Xu Xiaolong and his colleagues walked through wild grass in the Gobi Desert, scanning the rocky foothills of Helan Mountain in Yinchuan, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region, in search of ancient carvings. Upon finding a pattern on a rock, the team immediately photographed and recorded its location. “This field survey not only assesses the preservation status of previously discovered rock carvings but also helps identify and record new ones,” says Xu, 36, who works with the city’s Helan Mountain rock art administration. He explains that the work lays the foundation for subsequent (随后的) protection efforts. Stretching 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings created by early residents with stones or metal tools. Dating back approximately 10,000 to 3,000 years, the carvings describe diverse subjects ranging from natural images like human faces, animals and handprints, to ancient life scenes like hunting and herding (畜牧). Launched in 2020, the administration has surveyed over 12 square kilometers in and around the Helan Mountain rock art ruins park. Among the carvings, one is characterized by two handprints — one large and the other small. “The handprints likely symbolize ‘me’ and ‘you’, carved into the rock to reach an agreement,” says Zhang Jianguo, deputy director of the administration. He adds that attaching a handprint to documents like contracts was a traditional practice in China, and this rock carving reflects that lasting cultural continuity. Within the park, the deepest carving reaches 1.5 centimeters, a depth that has survived many years of weathering. Through an experiment, the administration found that even three people carving throughout an entire day left only unclear marks, indicating that a single work likely took multiple generations of prehistoric people to complete. Despite their historic significance, the rock carvings face typical preservation challenges like weathering and rainwater. Throughout the entire conservation journey, concrete efforts including field surveys, the construction of flood-prevention dams and protective fencing have been made by workers from the Helan Mountain rock art administration. 1.Why do the researchers study rock carvings in Helan Mountain? A. To show prehistoric carving skills. B. To reveal ancient local life and culture. C. To help restore a ruined rock art park. D. To attract tourists to Helan Mountain. 2.What do the two handprints in paragraph 4 probably represent? A. A mark pointing to Helan Mountain. B. A record of an ancient hunting activity. C. A conventional way of signing a contract. D. A gesture indicating family relationship. 3.What can we learn about the rock carving in paragraph 5? A. It was a long-term project. B. It was created in good weather. C. It was completed within limited time. D. It was discovered in an experiment. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. A race against time to rescue rock carvings B. Advanced techniques to protect rock carvings C. A living museum of culture in Helan Mountain D. A symbolic handprint carving in ancient China 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍宁夏贺兰山岩画的历史价值、题材内容、考古调查情况及面临的保护挑战，展现工作人员的保护努力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dating back approximately 10,000 to 3,000 years, the carvings describe diverse subjects ranging from natural images like human faces, animals and handprints, to ancient life scenes like hunting and herding.(这些岩画可追溯至约10000至3000年前，题材多样，既有人脸、动物、手印等自然意象，也有狩猎、畜牧等古代生活场景。)”以及第四段中对双手印岩画反映文化延续性的解读可知，研究贺兰山岩画是为了揭示古代当地的生活风貌与文化内涵。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Among the carvings, one is characterized by two handprints — one large and the other small. “The handprints likely symbolize ‘me’ and ‘you’, carved into the rock to reach an agreement,” says Zhang Jianguo, deputy director of the administration. He adds that attaching a handprint to documents like contracts was a traditional practice in China, and this rock carving reflects that lasting cultural continuity.(在这些岩画中，有一幅以两个手印为特征——一个大一个小。“这两个手印可能象征着‘我’和‘你’，刻在岩石上以达成某种约定，”该管理处副主任张建国说。他补充道，在中国，在合同等文件上按手印是一种传统做法，这幅岩画反映了这种持久的文化延续性。)”可知，两个手印的特征及相关解读均表明，其代表古代签订约定（类似合同签约）的传统方式。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Through an experiment, the administration found that even three people carving throughout an entire day left only unclear marks, indicating that a single work likely took multiple generations of prehistoric people to complete.(通过一项实验，管理处发现，即使三个人一整天都在雕刻，也只能留下模糊的痕迹，这表明一件作品可能需要史前人类的好几代人才能完成。)”可知，这幅岩画的创作耗费了漫长时间，是一项长期工程。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章既介绍了贺兰山岩画的历史文化价值，也重点提及岩画面临风化、雨水侵蚀等保护难题，以及工作人员通过实地调查、修建防洪坝、防护围栏等措施进行保护的努力，体现了“与时间赛跑拯救岩画”的核心，选项A最能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期中）The human interest with watching others — whether through reality TV or overheard drama — is often dismissed as curiosity. But new research suggests this urge may be a social survival tool dating back millions of years. To explore the origins of social curiosity, Laura Lewis, a psychologist at the University of California, and her colleagues studied how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and adult chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species. The results show that both groups preferred watching social interactions over scenes involving individuals — even giving away small rewards to see the former. “These findings demonstrate that social information is important, rewarding and valuable for humans and other primate(灵长类)species,” Lewis says. “It suggests that social information was also important for our shared primate ancestors and that for millions of years it has been adaptive for primates to gain social information about those around them.” Another recent study explored peer-watching behavior in long-tailed macaques(猕猴). Both female and male macaques showed more interest in aggressive(好斗的)interactions than in peaceful brushing, and both paid more attention to videos of familiar individuals. The study’s lead author, liesbeth Sterck, a primatologist at Utrecht University, says the latter behavior mirrors the way humans are drawn to the social lives of people they recognize — whether family, friends or movie stars. Interest in aggressive interactions, which are likely to reveal shifts in dominance or signal potential threats, supports findings that humans are especially aware of watching conflict in media. “Keeping track of the power balance in your own group likely has prime value for primates, including humans,” Sterck says. Gillian Forrester, who studies comparative cognition(认知)at the University of Sussex, says social attention is key to maintaining a good reputation. In ancient humans and other primates, reputational damage can bar access to food and mates, cause physical conflict and, in extreme cases, lead to potentially deadly rejection. With so much at risk, primates developed to keep a close eye on group members. “Modern humans maintain this sharp attention to other people’s social interactions as an evolutionary adaptation,” Forrester says — so people watching might just pay off. 1.What did Laura Lewis and her team find in their study? A. Children learned to become more social by watching others. B. Chimpanzees showed more interest in watching individuals. C. Children and Chimpanzees needed rewards to watch videos. D. Children and Chimpanzees preferred watching social scenes. 2.Why are macaques and humans interested in aggressive interactions? A. To chase the latest social trends. B. To discover changes and threats. C. To explore the social lives of friends. D. To demonstrate their power over others. 3.What does Gillian Forrester find about reputational damage? A. It affects human’s ability to find food. B. It is mainly caused by physical fights. C. It can lead to serious results like being excluded. D. It can be avoided as primates value group harmony. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Reality TV satisfies human curiosity. B. Social curiosity is developed in childhood. C. Primates share similar behaviors with humans. D. People-watching has deep evolutionary origins. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类及其他灵长类动物热衷于观察他人社交的行为并非单纯好奇，而是源于数百万年进化而来的社会生存适应性，具有重要生存价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The results show that both groups preferred watching social interactions over scenes involving individuals — even giving away small rewards to see the former.(结果显示，两组研究对象都更倾向于观看社交互动场景，而非仅涉及单个个体的画面——甚至愿意放弃小额奖励来观看前者。)”可知，Laura Lewis及其团队的研究结果显示，4-6岁儿童与成年黑猩猩这两组研究对象，都更倾向于观看社交互动场景，而非仅涉及单个个体的画面，甚至愿意放弃小额奖励来观看社交互动场景。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Interest in aggressive interactions, which are likely to reveal shifts in dominance or signal potential threats, supports findings that humans are especially aware of watching conflict in media.(对攻击性互动的关注（这类互动可能揭示支配地位的变化或发出潜在威胁信号），也印证了人类在媒体中尤其关注冲突场景的研究发现。)”可知，猕猴和人类对攻击性互动感兴趣，是因为这类互动可能揭示支配地位的变化或发出潜在威胁的信号。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Gillian Forrester, who studies comparative cognition(认知)at the University of Sussex, says social attention is key to maintaining a good reputation. In ancient humans and other primates, reputational damage can bar access to food and mates, cause physical conflict and, in extreme cases, lead to potentially deadly rejection.(苏塞克斯大学比较认知学研究者Gillian Forrester指出，对社交行为的关注是维持良好声誉的关键。在远古人类及其他灵长类动物中，声誉受损可能导致无法获取食物和配偶、引发肢体冲突，极端情况下还可能遭遇致命的排挤。)”可知，Gillian Forrester发现，在远古人类和其他灵长类动物中，声誉受损可能导致无法获取食物和配偶、引发肢体冲突，极端情况下还会导致致命的排挤。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The human interest with watching others — whether through reality TV or overheard drama — is often dismissed as curiosity. But new research suggests this urge may be a social survival tool dating back millions of years.(人类热衷于观察他人——无论是通过真人秀节目还是偶然听到的八卦——这种行为往往被简单归为好奇心。但新研究表明，这种冲动或许是一种可追溯至数百万年前的社会生存工具。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇提出人类观察他人的行为是进化而来的社会生存工具，后续通过多项针对人类儿童、黑猩猩、长尾猕猴的研究，印证灵长类动物关注社交信息的进化适应性。选项D“People-watching has deep evolutionary origins.(观察他人的行为有深厚的进化起源)”精准概括全文核心，既呼应了开篇可追溯至数百万年前的社会生存工具，也涵盖了后续研究对灵长类动物社交关注行为的进化意义的论证，符合主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Scientists are advancing forward in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, and a newly developed system can translate our thoughts into text or sound. It’s essentially an inner speech decoder (解码器), developed by researchers from institutions across the US. In tests on four volunteers with severe disabilities, the decoder has an accuracy rate of up to 74 percent in translating thoughts into audible (听得见的) speech. The potential here is for a BCI that can help those with speech disabilities to communicate more effectively than ever before. Previous BCIs have relied on brain activity that is created when a person tries to speak or write, even though their bodies cannot carry out the action. This new technology gets a step closer to the source. “If you just have to think about speech instead of actually trying to speak, it’s potentially easier and faster for people,” says neuroscientist Benjamin Meschede-Krasa, from Stanford University in the US. Machine learning was used to train the BCI to connect brain signals to words as the four participants thought about them. The researchers found that there was overlap between certain brain patterns when the volunteers tried to speak and when they only imagined words and phrases. Despite this, the signals could be distinguished from each other. With some probability calculations thrown in, the new BCI can recognize up to 125,000 words using only inner speech. “We found that we could decode these signals well enough to demonstrate a proof of principle, although still not as well as we could with attempted speech,” says neuroscientist Frank Willett, from Stanford University. There’s still a long way to go there, and the BCI often falls far short of that 74 maximum accuracy rating. However, by employing more advanced technology, the researchers are confident that the system can be quickly improved over the next few years. “This work gives real hope that speech BCIs can one day restore communication that is as fluent, natural, and comfortable as conversational speech,” says Willett. 1.How does the new BCI system differ from previous ones? A. It helps healthy people communicate fluently. B. It doesn’t require the user to try to speak or write. C. It uses a more advanced machine learning model. D. It can identify more words with higher accuracy. 2.What does the underlined word “overlap” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Gap. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Similarity. 3.What is the main problem with the new BCI? A. Security. B. Speed. C. Accuracy. D. Convenience. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. A breakthrough in decoding inner speech. B. The working principle of a new BCI system. C. Differences between a new BCI and previous ones. D. Challenges for people with severe speech disabilities. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家在脑机接口（BCI）技术领域取得的突破性进展，特别是新研发的内部语音解码器系统。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous BCIs have relied on brain activity that is created when a person tries to speak or write, even though their bodies cannot carry out the action. This new technology gets a step closer to the source. “If you just have to think about speech instead of actually trying to speak, it’s potentially easier and faster for people,” (以往的脑机接口（BCI）依赖的是人在试图说话或写字时产生的大脑活动，即便他们的身体无法执行这些动作。而这项新技术更接近问题的根源。“如果人们只需思考说话的内容，而无需实际尝试发声，那么对使用者而言，这可能会更简单、更快捷。”)”可知，以前的脑机接口依赖于一个人试图说话或写字时产生的大脑活动，而新的脑机接口技术只需思考说话，不需要试图说话或写字。所以新BCI系统与以往的不同之处在于它不需要用户试图说话或写字。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Despite this, the signals could be distinguished from each other. With some probability calculations thrown in, the new BCI can recognize up to 125,000 words using only inner speech. (尽管如此，这些信号仍可相互区分。通过引入一些概率计算，新的脑机接口（BCI）仅利用内部语音就能识别多达125,000个单词。)”可知，当志愿者试着说话和只想象单词和短语时，他们的某些大脑模式存在重叠，结合选项可推测出“overlap”指的是“相似性”，即两种情况下大脑模式有相似之处，和Similarity意思相近。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“There’s still a long way to go there, and the BCI often falls far short of that 74 maximum accuracy rating. However, by employing more advanced technology, the researchers are confident that the system can be quickly improved over the next few years .(要达到理想状态仍有很长的路要走，而且脑机接口（BCI）的准确率常常远低于74%这一最高水平。不过，研究人员相信，通过采用更先进的技术，该系统在未来几年内能够得到迅速改进。)”可知，新的BCI的主要问题是准确性，它常常远低于74%的最高准确率。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists are advancing forward in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, and a newly developed system can translate our thoughts into text or sound. (科学家们在脑机接口（BCI）技术领域不断取得进展，新研发的系统能够将我们的思想转化为文字或声音。)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家在脑机接口（BCI）技术领域取得的突破性进展，特别是新研发的内部语音解码器系统，因此本文的主旨是A选项“A breakthrough in decoding inner speech. (解码内心语言的突破。)”。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期中）Two-thirds of all irrigated(灌溉的) agriculture in the world is likely to be affected in some way by declining glaciers and dwindling snowfall in mountain regions, driven by the climate crisis, according to a UNESCO report. More than 1 billion people live in mountainous regions and, of those in developing countries, up to half are already experiencing food insecurity. That is likely to worsen, as food production in such regions is dependent on mountain waters, melting snow and glaciers (冰川), according to the World Water Development Report 2025. Developed countries are also at risk: in the US, for example, the Colorado River basin has been in drought since 2000, and higher temperatures mean more water falls as rain instead of snow. Rain runs off much faster than melting snow, making dry conditions even worse. The largest three-year loss of glacier mass on record occurred in the past three years, according to separate research from the World Meteorological Organization, with Norway and Sweden among the worst-affected areas. Eastern Africa has lost 80% of its glaciers in places. Glaciers in the Alps, the worst affected in Europe, have shrunk by about 40% over roughly the same period. The decline of glaciers has had a further impact, added Abou Amani, director of water sciences at UNESCO. “Glaciers melting have an impact on the reflectivity of (solar) radiation and that will impact the whole climate system,” he warned. More avalanches(雪崩) will also occur, as rain falling on snow is a major factor behind avalanche formation. Pooling water from melting glaciers can also be released, causing sudden floods in valleys or to people living further down the side of the mountain. These impacts are coming at a time when many food sources are already under pressure. Alvaro Lario, president of the International Fund for Agricultural Development and chair of UN-Water, called for more support for people who live in affected mountain regions. “Water flows downhill, but food insecurity rises uphill. Mountains provide 60% of our freshwater, but the communities that safeguard these vital resources are among the most food insecure,” he said. 1.What does the underlined word “dwindling” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Increasing. B. Wasting. C. Decreasing. D. Changing. 2.What factors contributing to food insecurity are mentioned in the passage? A. Declining glaciers and more avalanches. B. Dry conditions and rain falling on snow. C. Climate impacts and lack of modern irrigation technology. D. Dependence on glacier-fed water and stressed food sources. 3.Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 3? A. To predict future trends of glacier melting. B. To stress the severity of global glacier loss. C. To call for policy in the worst-affected regions. D. To list the decline of glacier in different regions. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Melting Glaciers, Rising Hunger B. Climate Change, Water Shortage C. Threats to Mountain Communities D. Flood Risks from Melting Glaciers 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。短文基于联合国教科文组织等机构的报告，阐述了气候危机导致冰川消融、降雪量减少，进而影响全球三分之二的灌溉农业，加剧山区粮食不安全问题，同时还会引发雪崩、洪水等灾害，对气候系统和人类生存造成多方面威胁。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Two-thirds of all irrigated(灌溉的) agriculture in the world is likely to be affected in some way by declining glaciers and dwindling snowfall in mountain regions(世界上三分之二的灌溉农业很可能在某种程度上受到冰川消融和山区降雪量dwindling的影响)”、“driven by the climate crisis(受气候危机驱动)以及后文提到的“山区粮食生产依赖融雪和冰川水”可知，气候危机下冰川在减少，降雪量也应呈现同样的下降趋势，“dwindling”与“declining”（下降的）为同义并列关系，为“减少”的意思。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That is likely to worsen, as food production in such regions is dependent on mountain waters, melting snow and glaciers(冰川), according to the World Water Development Report 2025.(据《2025 年世界水资源发展报告》显示，这种粮食不安全状况可能会进一步恶化——因为这些地区的粮食生产依赖于山区水资源、积雪融水及冰川融水)”可知，对冰川融水的依赖是粮食不安全的原因之一；再根据最后一段中的“These impacts are coming at a time when many food sources are already under pressure(这些影响发生在许多粮食来源本就面临压力之际)”可知，对冰川融水的依赖，以及紧张的粮食来源导致粮食不安全。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“Eastern Africa has lost 80% of its glaciers in places. Glaciers in the Alps, the worst affected in Europe, have shrunk by about 40% over roughly the same period.(东非部分地区的冰川已消失 80%。而作为欧洲受影响最严重的区域，阿尔卑斯山的冰川在大致相同的时期内缩减了约 40%)”可知，这些数据进一步直观展现了全球冰川流失的严重程度。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Two-thirds of all irrigated(灌溉的) agriculture in the world is likely to be affected in some way by declining glaciers and dwindling snowfall in mountain regions, driven by the climate crisis, according to a UNESCO report.(根据联合国教科文组织的一份报告，在气候危机的推动下，世界上三分之二的灌溉农业可能会受到冰川消融和山区降雪量减少的影响。)”并结合全文可知，文章基于联合国教科文组织等机构的报告，阐述了气候危机导致冰川消融、降雪量减少，进而影响全球三分之二的灌溉农业，加剧山区粮食不安全问题，同时还会引发雪崩、洪水等灾害，对气候系统和人类生存造成多方面威胁。所以最佳标题为“冰川消融，饥饿加剧”。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $