Units5-6定语从句导学案-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

Units5-6定语从句详细讲解与练习 一、定语从句零基础核心认知 1. 定义、功能 定语从句本质是作定语的长句子，专门修饰主句中的名词或代词，中文统一翻译为「……的」。 限定性定语从句：紧密依附先行词，对先行词进行必要、唯一的限定筛选，作用是缩小范围、明确指代对象。该从句与主句语义密不可分，无逗号分隔，若删除从句，主句语义模糊、信息残缺，不符合完整表达逻辑。 2. 定语从句完整三大核心要素 任何一个完整的限定性定语从句，必须包含以下三部分，缺一不可： ① 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词，固定位于定语从句前方，是从句的修饰核心； ②关系词：连接先行词与从句的纽带，兼具两大功能——衔接句子+在从句中充当句子成分（主语、宾语、状语），绝对不能随意删减、替换； ③ 从句主干：关系词之外的完整句子成分，保证从句语义、句式完整。 万能公式：先行词 + 关系词 + 完整从句 例句：The path that leads to a better world requires persistent effort. （通往美好世界的道路需要不懈努力。） 解析：先行词the path（事物），关系词that，从句修饰道路。 二、核心重难点：关系代词深度精讲（who/whom/which/that） 关系代词核心特征：指代人或事物，在从句中只能充当主语或宾语，重点区分指代对象、句子成分、省略规则。 1. who （指代人｜主宾通用） 精准用法：先行词为人，可在从句中作主语或宾语，口语、书面语通用，使用范围最广。 硬性规则1（作主语）：绝对不可省略！从句谓语动词单复数严格跟随先行词（核心易错点）。 硬性规则2（作宾语）：可以省略，语义、句式均不受影响。 例句1（作主语·Unit6平凡人物）： The people who stick to their dreams will change their fate.（坚守梦想的人终将改变命运。） 解析：先行词people复数，从句谓语stick用原形，who不可省略。 例句2（作宾语·可省略）： The young man (who) we admire is a hard-working volunteer. （我们敬佩的这个年轻人是勤奋的志愿者。） 2. whom （指代人｜仅作宾语） 精准用法：先行词为人，仅可在从句中作宾语，属于正式书面用法，日常口语中可被who替代。 独家必考规则：普通句式中可省略、可替换who；介词提前至关系词前时，只能用whom，禁止用who/that（中考单选陷阱）。 例句：The kind volunteer (whom) we met in the community helps many people. （我们在社区遇到的善良志愿者帮助了很多人。） 介词提前高阶例句：The person to whom we talked is a successful learner. （我们交谈的这个人是一位优秀的学习者。）（不可用who） 3. which （指代物/事｜主宾通用） 精准用法：先行词为事物、事件、物品、抽象名词（梦想、道路、精神），可在从句中作主语、宾语。 规则区分：作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略；不能指代人，不能用于先行词含人+物的场景。 例句1（作主语·Unit5话题）： The effort which shapes a better self is always worthwhile.（成就更好自我的努力永远值得。） 例句2（作宾语·可省略）： The dream (which) he holds supports him through difficulties.（他坚守的梦想支撑他渡过困境。） 4. that （万能关系代词｜人+物通用） 精准用法：九上性价比最高的关系代词，先行词是人/物均可，从句中可作主语、宾语，限定性定语从句通用。作主语不可省，作宾语可省。 中考必考专属特权（只能用that，禁用which/who），四大特殊场景必须牢记： ① 先行词被all、every、no、much、little、some、any等不定代词修饰； ② 先行词被最高级、序数词（first、best、most）修饰； ③ 先行词同时包含「人+物」； ④ 先行词被the only、the very修饰。 例句1（指人）：The student that never gives up finally succeeds.（永不放弃的学生终会成功。） 例句2（只能用that场景）：All that we need is courage and persistence. （我们所需要的一切就是勇气和坚持。） 三、核心重难点：关系副词where 深度精讲（九上唯一必考副词） 1. 核心定义与用法 九上学到的关系副词仅有where，指代地点名词，在定语从句中充当地点状语，等价于「in/on/at + 先行词」，中文翻译为「在这个地方」。 2. 终极区分口诀（秒杀易错点） 先看从句成分：从句完整（不缺主语、宾语）用where；从句残缺（缺主/宾）用that/which。 无数学生扣分核心：看到地点就用where，忽略从句成分是否完整！ 3. 正反对比例句（精准辨析） 正确用where（从句完整）： This is the community where warm stories happen.（这就是温暖故事不断发生的社区。） 解析：从句warm stories happen主谓完整，不缺主干，缺地点状语，用where。 错误用where（从句残缺）： This is the school that/which I visited last year.（这是我去年参观的学校。） 解析：从句I visited后缺宾语（参观某物），必须用关系代词，禁用where。 四、易错陷阱 1. 关系词省略铁律（填空、改写必考） ✅ 可省略：who/whom/which/that 在从句中作宾语时，可直接省略，句式成立； ❌ 不可省略：who/which/that 在从句中作主语时，绝对不能省略； where（副词）永远不可省略。 2. 从句谓语单复数一致铁律 当关系代词（who/that/which）作从句主语时，从句谓语单复数100%由先行词决定，与主句主语无关： 先行词单数→从句谓语单数；先行词复数→从句谓语复数。 对比例句：He is the boy who helps others.（先行词单数，三单） They are teenagers who help others.（先行词复数，原形） 3. 关系代词vs关系副词 终极秒杀区分法 ① 找先行词：人→who/that；物→which/that；地点→待定 ② 查从句成分：缺主/宾→用代词；句子完整→用副词where 【配套练习】 大题一：单项选择 1. The person _____ always tries to improve himself is on the way to success. A. which B. who C. where 2. The thing _____ matters most in growth is persistence. A. that B. where C. what 3. This is the place _____ many ordinary people realize their dreams. A. that B. where C. which 4. All _____ we need to become better is continuous effort. A. that B. which C. who 5. The teenager _____ we met is nobody but will become somebody. A. who B. where C. which 6. The goal _____ pushes us forward is worth sticking to. A. which B. where C. what 7. The volunteers _____ devote themselves to helping others are great. A. which B. who C. where 8. This is the community _____ warm and kind things happen every day. A. that B. which C. where 9. The experience _____ I got during growth teaches me never to give up. A. / B. where C. what 10. He is the best student _____ I have ever met in my school life. A. which B. that C. who 11. People _____ keep working hard can always change their fate. A. who B. which C. where 12. The advice _____ our teachers give us is useful for our future. A. where B. that C. what 13. The studio _____ my elder sister works helps many young people. A. that B. which C. where 14. The girl _____ has a positive attitude always lives a better life. A. who B. which C. where 15. Every dream _____ we hold will come true with hard work. A. that B. which C. who 16. The story _____ we listened to last night is about ordinary heroes. A. / B. where C. what 17. The coach _____ guides us to grow is very patient and strict. A. which B. who C. where 18. This is the small town _____ many successful people were born. A. that B. which C. where 19. The courage _____ we learn from failures shapes our personality. A. that B. where C. what 20. Nobody _____ dares to challenge himself will stay ordinary forever. A. who B. which C. where 大题二：填入正确关系词 1. The man _____ is working hard on his dream is very inspiring. 2. The book _____ I read tells stories of ordinary people’s growth. 3. This is the park _____ many teenagers take exercise and relax. 4. All _____ we need is time and perseverance to grow. 5. The students _____ take every chance to learn will make progress. 6. The story _____ he shared with us encourages us to stick to dreams. 7. The factory _____ my father works provides many jobs for locals. 8. He is the only boy _____ can finish the difficult task perfectly. 9. The small things _____ we do every day change our future slowly. 10. People _____ are optimistic can always find hope in difficulties. 11. This is the place _____ I learned to be independent and brave. 12. The dream _____ I treasure pushes me to keep moving forward. 13. The teacher _____ we respect deeply teaches us the meaning of persistence. 14. Every choice _____ we make decides our life path. 15. The community _____ we live is full of warmth and positive energy. 大题三：句型合并 要求：将两个简单句合并为含限定性定语从句的复合句 1. The teenager is very excellent. He turns from nobody to somebody. _______________________________________________________ 2. The story is educational. I learned a lot from it. _______________________________________________________ 3. This is the path. We move toward a better world on the path. _______________________________________________________ 4. The people are respectable. They devote their time to public service. _______________________________________________________ 5. The goal is meaningful. It encourages us to overcome difficulties. _______________________________________________________ 6. The lady is our role model. We met her at the growth lecture. _______________________________________________________ 7. This is the village. Many kind and simple people live here. _______________________________________________________ 8. The book is wonderful. My teacher recommended it to us. _______________________________________________________ 9. The students are promising. They keep improving themselves every day. _______________________________________________________ 10. The dream is powerful. I hold the dream in my heart all the time. _______________________________________________________ 大题四：短文填空 Life is a long journey1._____ leads us to grow and change. The ordinary people 2._____ we meet in life often teach us the most valuable lessons. There are many teenagers 3._____ turn from nobody to somebody through hard work. This is the world 4._____ every effort will be paid off. The dreams 5._____ we stick to are the brightest light 6._____ guides us forward. All the small efforts 7._____ we make every day will finally change our life. The people 8._____ never give up are the ones 9._____ can create miracles. This is the road 10._____ takes us toward a better future. Keys 大题一：单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.A 大题二：关系词填空 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. where 4. that 5. who/that 6. which/that 7. where 8. that 9. which/that 10. who/that 11. where 12. which/that 13. who/whom/that 14. that 15. where 大题三：句型合并 1. The teenager who/that turns from nobody to somebody is very excellent. 2. The story (which/that) I learned a lot from is educational. 3. This is the path where we move toward a better world. 4. The people who/that devote their time to public service are respectable. 5. The goal which/that encourages us to overcome difficulties is meaningful. 6. The lady (who/whom/that) we met at the growth lecture is our role model. 7. This is the village where many kind and simple people live. 8. The book (which/that) my teacher recommended to us is wonderful. 9. The students who/that keep improving themselves every day are promising. 10. The dream (which/that) I hold in my heart all the time is powerful. 大题四：短文填空 1. which/that 2. who/that 3. who/that 4. where 5. which/that 6. that 7. that/which 8. who/that 9. that 10. which/that 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $