专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，山西专用）八年级英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语说明文阅读理解，汇编山西多地期中试题，覆盖人与自我、社会、自然三大主题，通过真实情境语篇考查语言能力与文化意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|11篇语篇，55题|词义猜测（如influence、generic）、细节理解（刀削面制作工具、北极熊保暖方式）、主旨归纳（诗歌分析段大意）、推理判断（朋友类型关系推断）|融入MBTI测试、山西美食等真实情境，跨文化对比（李白诗与Frost诗），科学热点（蚂蚁数量研究、Jane Goodall事迹）|

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-人际交往 （2026·山西大同·测试）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B 、 C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship. To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit in a boat about to go. When suddenly on shore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms (桃花潭) may be. It is not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me. A Time to Talk (By Robert Frost ) When a friend calls to me from the road, And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around. On all the hills I haven’t hoed (锄地), And shout from where I am, what is it? No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground, blade (锄头) end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone____▲______， For a friendly visit. 中文翻译 当一位朋友从大路向我召唤， 示意他的马儿脚步放缓， 我没有停下而是环顾， 我还没有锄完的整片小山， 从我所在的位置高喊“什么？” 不，我不会那么做，我们总有时间可以交谈。 我把锄头扔进肥沃的泥土， 刀头向上高达五尺来长， 吃力地，我爬上石墙， 做朋友拜访应有的模样。 Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison (对比). His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere (真挚的). 1.The underlined word “influence” means “_________” in Chinese. A. 保护 B. 影响 C. 同意 2.What scene (场景) did Li Bai describe in the poem? A. Ships on the lake. B. Peach Blossoms. C. Wang Lun seeing him off. (送行) 3.What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代)? A. The ship. B. Love. C. The lake of Peach Blossoms. 4.Which is the most suitable word for _____▲_____? A. wall B. ball C. tall 5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The end of the friendship. B. The writers of the poems. C. The analysis (分析) of the poems. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两首关于友谊的诗歌，包含李白的《赠汪伦》和Robert Frost的《A Time to Talk》，并通过最后一段对比分析了这两首诗所描绘的不同场景及核心寓意，强调了友谊的重要性。 (1)题解析： 根据文章第一段“Friends also influence us a lot.”可知，朋友对我们有很多作用，结合上下文语境可知，“influence”意为“影响”。 (2)题解析： 根据文章最后一段“Li Bai described the scene of his friend seeing him off.”可知，李白在诗中描述的是朋友为他送行的场景。 (3)题解析： 根据文章表格中第一首诗“However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be. It is not so deep...”可知，“It”指代前文提到的桃花潭，用于比较深度。 (4)题解析： 根据文章表格中第二首诗下方的中文翻译“吃力的，我爬上石墙”及原文“And plod: I go up to the stone...”可知，此处应填表示“墙”的单词，与stone组成石墙。 (5)题解析： 根据文章最后一段“Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories.”及全段内容可推知，本段主要分析了两首诗的内容、寓意及语言特点。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会 （2026·山西大同·测试）请阅读下面语篇，从每题所给的A、B 、 C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Some young kids don’t know how special they are. They think they are too common. This is the problem of most kids today. Every kid feels that way, especially in middle school. When they see famous sports players or cool pop stars, they often think: Am I famous? What am I going to be when I grow up? That’s part of growing up. Growing up means understanding what you can do and what you can offer to the world. When you are young, you don’t see that. But when you get older, you’ll know that just by being yourself, you do give something to other people. Maybe you aren’t the best, but that doesn’t make you “not special”. Think about friends. Write down some things that you like about them. Think carefully about why you’re friends, and then you will know that though they aren’t the smartest or the prettiest, they are special in their ways. And they feel just the same as you! In fact, it is great to be the best at something, But it’s OK if you can’t be the best. If you just live your life and try hard, you are still pretty amazing. And you can make your dream come true. 1.What’s the problem of most kids today? A. They don’t care for pop stars. B. They want to see famous people. C. They don’t know they are special. 2.What does the writer say about growing up? A. Understanding what you can do for yourself and others. B. You get older and older. C. You should make your plans. 3.What does the underlined word “offer” mean? A. Care. B. Give. C. Buy. 4.What can we know from Paragraph 3? A. You should always like your friends. B. You shouldn’t forget your friends. C. Your friends are special and you are also special. 5.The text mainly talks about A. how special you are. B. what you should do when you grow up. C. why you are so common. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，讲述每个孩子都有自己的独特之处，不必强求做到最好，做好自己就足够特别。 (1)题解析： 根据第一段“Some young kids don’t know how special they are.”可知，如今大部分孩子存在的问题是不知道自己是特别的。 (2)题解析： 根据第二段“Growing up means understanding what you can do and what you can offer to the world.”可知，成长意味着明白你可以为自己和他人做些什么。 (3)题解析： 根据第二段“Growing up means understanding what you can do and what you can offer to the world.”可知，offer在这里含义是“给予”，和give同义。 (4)题解析： 根据第三段“Maybe you aren’t the best, but that doesn’t make you ‘not special’.”以及“though they aren’t the smartest or the prettiest, they are special in their ways. And they feel just the same as you!”可知，你的朋友有属于自己的特别之处，你同样也是特别的。 (5)题解析： 根据全文内容可知，整篇文章围绕每个人自身的独特性展开，主要讲述你有多特别。 主题语境03 人与自我-饮食 （25-26八上·山西运城·期中）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Shanxi is a province in northern China. It is famous for many delicious foods. Let’s have a look! Daoxiao Noodles Daoxiao Noodles is one of the most famous foods in Shanxi. People make it with a knife (刀). The noodles are not thin. When you eat them, they feel chewy (有嚼劲的) in your mouth. People usually cook the noodles in boiling water. Then they add soup, vegetables and meat. Daoxiao Noodles are cheap. Many people from Shanxi eat them for breakfast or lunch. They are also popular in other parts of China. Pingyao Beef Pingyao Beef comes from Pingyao, a famous old town in Shanxi. It has a long history. People make it with special spices (香料) and slow cooking. The beef tastes salty and delicious. You can eat it cold or hot. Many people like to cut it into thin slices and eat it as a snack. It is also a great gift for friends and family. Wantuo Wantuo is a special cold dish in Shanxi. It is made from flour. People pour the flour into bowls and cook it. After cooling, it becomes wantuo. People usually cut wantuo into pieces. Then they add vinegar (醋), oil and cucumber to it. It tastes sour and hot. It is very refreshing, especially in summer. Many people eat it as a light meal. Shanxi food is simple but delicious. If you go to Shanxi, don’t forget to try these three foods! 1.What do people usually use to make Daoxiao noodles? A. A bowl. B. A knife. C. An oven. 2.Why are Daoxiao noodles popular in Shanxi? A. Because they are cheap and delicious. B. Because they are thin and easy to cook. C. Because they are expensive and special. 3.How can people eat Pingyao beef? A. Only cold. B. Only hot. C. Cold or hot. 4.How does wantuo taste? A. Sour and hot. B. Salty and delicious. C. Chewy and tasty. 5.Where can we read the passage? A. In a story book. B. In a travel guide. C. In a science book. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了山西的几款美食。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“People make it with a knife (刀).”可知，刀削面是用刀削出来的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Daoxiao Noodles are cheap…They are also popular in other parts of China.”可知，刀削面受欢迎的原因是既便宜又好吃。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“You can eat it cold or hot.”可知，平遥牛肉既可以冷吃也可以热吃。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“People usually cut wantuo into pieces. Then they add vinegar (醋), oil and cucumber to it. It tastes sour and hot.”可知，碗坨口感是酸辣的，故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍山西的特色美食，最可能出现在旅游指南中，故选B。 主题语境01 人与自我-个人情况 （25-26八上·山西朔州市多校·期中）“Am I an ‘I’ (introvert) person or an ‘E’ (extrovert) person?” It is a popular topic among young people around China today. Many people are interested in it so that they take a personality test named MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) to find out the answer. Andy The result of the test shows that I am an E-person. I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. Ken and I head for the sea on Saturdays to surf (冲浪), and on Sundays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. But sometimes, I also want to stay at home to do things alone. Mary I’m an I-person, but I think it’s not completely right. I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on the sofa by myself with a great book in my hand. However, I also need time with my best friend, Tina. Tina is more outgoing than me. She always brings lots of joy to me. But there are also problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. This is because some people find it hard to answer some questions. “I like watching TV by myself. But I also enjoy playing with friends. Am I an ‘I’ or an ‘E’?” When you take a personality test, you may think, “Oh, that’s me.” That’s because the descriptions are generic. They can be used to describe many people. Research has found that over 50 percent of people get a different score (分数) when they retake the MBTI just five weeks later. So, don’t label (贴标签) yourself. Whether introverts or extroverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship. 1.If you are an I-person, what may you like doing? A. Surfing on the sea. B. Eating out with friends. C. Staying on the sofa alone. 2.Why do people get different results when they take the test? A. Because they think it is just a game. B. Because they are not serious about the test. C. Because some questions are difficult to answer. 3.What does the underlined word “generic” mean? A. 特别的 B. 通用的 C. 容易的 4.If 100 people retake MBTI, how many people may get different scores? A. 35. B. 45. C. 55. 5.Why does the writer write this passage? A. To introduce MBTI. B. To explain how to use MBTI. C. To tell people the results of MBTI are not important. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. C　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了MBTI性格测试，及其对待它的态度。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“an ‘I’ (introverts) person”和“I’m an I-person, but I think it’s not completely right. I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on the sofa by myself with a great book in my hand.”可知，如果一个人是内向的，他可能独自待在沙发上。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“But there are also problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. This is because that some people find it hard to answer some questions.”可知，有些人再次测试会得到不同结果，这是因为部分人难以回答某些特定问题。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“That’s because the descriptions are generic. They can be used to describe many people.”可知，可以描述很多人，说明这些描述是很“通用的”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Research has found that over 50 percent of people get a different score (分数) when they retake the MBTI just five weeks later.”可知，研究发现，超过50%的人在仅隔五周后重测MBTI会得到不同结果，若100人重测MBTI，可能有50多人会得到不同结果，55人符合这一范围。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文以及“That’s because the descriptions are generic. They can be used to describe many people. Research has found that over 50 percent of people get a different score (分数) when they retake the MBTI just five weeks later. So, don’t label (贴标签) yourself. Whether introverts or extroverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship.”可知，这些描述都很笼统，适用于很多人。测试结果并不是固定的，不要给自己贴标签。因此推测作者主要是为了说明这个测试不是那么重要。故选C。 主题语境02 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山西晋中部分学校·期中）Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends” and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply acquaintances and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school or at work, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends do something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends is “guest friends”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little about what they like or dislike, and a little about their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep (深的), such as your wishes, and they don’t open up to you about how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friends”, is the people you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You share your deepest feelings and thoughts. Though they may not be perfect, they will always care about you, and never do anything bad. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value (重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1.What does the underlined word “acquaintances” mean? A. Close friends at school. B. People you know but not well. C. Friends who have similar interests with you. 2.What is TRUE about “guest friends”? A. You share your deepest feelings with them. B. You know a little about their family histories. C. You will miss them very much when they are not around. 3.If Peter and you are classmates and do things together, but don’t share your feelings. What kind of friends are you? A. Pest friends. B. Best friends. C. Guest friends. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A. A “pest friend” will become your “best friend”. B. “Guest friends” know everything about each other. C. You never tell “pest friends” when they are wrong. 5.What is the main purpose (主要目的) of the passage? A. To tell three different kinds of friends. B. To tell a story about how to love your best friends. C. To explain why we need to make more pest friends. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种不同类型的朋友：“pest friends”、“guest friends”和“best friends”，并强调了友谊的价值。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“The first kind of friends is simply acquaintances…”可知，“acquaintances”指的是“泛泛之交”，即认识但不熟悉的人。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“You know their names, a little about what they like or dislike, and a little about their family histories.”可知，“guest friends”的特点是了解一些他们的家庭背景。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“guest friends…They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little about what they like or dislike, and a little about their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep (深的), such as your wishes, and they don’t open up to you about how they really feel.”可知，Peter和你是同学，一起做事但不分享感受，符合“guest friends”的定义。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When this kind of friends do something bad, you don’t tell them…pest friends”可知，对“pest friends”的错误行为不会指出。故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕三种朋友类型展开，目的是分类介绍。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山西长治长子县·期中）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Are your friends similar to or different from you? Look, there are four students in Class One talking about their friends with different characters (性格). My friend Albert is a quiet but talented boy. In most of his free time, he enjoys reading in the classroom or the school library, so he can always get good grades. When we have problems in studying, Albert is often ready to help us out. We all like him. Mark is quite outgoing and friendly. He joins the sports club at school. And he is interested in sports activities. He often organizes (组织) class trips, bike-riding races and other relaxing games. This makes him popular at school. All the students would like to play with him. Sophia does different volunteer (志愿者) work after school. On Monday and Friday, Sophia goes to the children’s hospital. On Wednesday, she visits the old people’s home and helps look after the old people. On the weekend, she helps clean up the neighborhood. Almost every friend group has a “parent”. Emily is the most responsible (有责任心的) one of my friends. When we go out, we don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. If someone needs advice, Emily is the first person we would ask. 1.If students have problems in studying, they could ask ________ for help. A. Albert B. Mark C. Emily 2.Mark is popular at school because ________. A. he is outgoing and friendly. B. he often organizes class trips. C. he always helps others in sports. 3.Sophia is a ________ girl. A. quiet but talented B. beautiful and friendly C. kind and helpful 4.What can we know from the passage? A. Mark is talented in sports. B. Emily often takes care of her friends. C. Albert gets good grades because of his friends’ help. 5.The passage is to ________. A. teach us the importance of friends B. tell the stories of four good friends C. describe four friends with different characters 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇介绍四位学生不同性格特征及其行为的短文。 (1)题解析： 关于Albert的描述中提到：“When we have problems in studying, Albert is often ready to help us out.”（当我们在学习上遇到问题时，Albert总是乐于帮助我们解决。），因此学习有问题可以找Albert帮忙。 (2)题解析： 关于Mark的描述中提到：“He often organizes class trips, bike-riding races and other relaxing games. This makes him popular at school.”（他经常组织班级旅行、自行车比赛和其他放松的游戏。这使他在学校很受欢迎。），因此Mark受欢迎是因为他组织活动。 (3)题解析： 关于Sophia的描述中提到她做不同的志愿者工作：去儿童医院、看望老人、帮助打扫社区。这些行为体现她是一个“善良且乐于助人”的女孩。 (4)题解析： 关于Emily的描述中提到：“She always has plans and makes sure things go well. If someone needs advice, Emily is the first person we would ask.”（她总是有计划，确保事情顺利进行。如果有人需要建议，Emily是我们第一个会问的人。），由此可推断Emily经常照顾她的朋友。 (5)题解析： 全文分别介绍了Albert、Mark、Sophia和Emily四位学生的不同性格特点和行为，因此文章的目的是“描述四个性格不同的朋友”。 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山西朔州市多校·期中）How much do you know about polar bears? Polar bears live in one of the coldest places on the planet, the Arctic area. Here are more facts about polar bears. Spot a Polar Bear What do they eat? ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears are at the top of their food chain (食物链) in the Arctic. Do you know? ·Polar bears live for 20～30 years. ·Polar bears have fat to keep themselves warm. ·Their super sense of smell lets them know where to hunt for food. ·Polar bears have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. However, polar bears are in danger. Our planet is getting warm, so polar bears must swim longer to find food. For this reason, they are hungry and in worse health. So, we must take actions to protect polar bears. We should use less electricity (电). We should also choose sustainable (可持续的) products to slow down the climate change, like bamboo chopsticks and cloth shopping bags. Please remember, every small step counts. 1.What do polar bears mainly eat? A. Plankton. B. Krill. C. Seal. 2.What helps polar bears keep warm? A. Fat. B. Tail. C. Ears. 3.Why are polar bears in danger? A. Because they are hard to find food. B. Because the Arctic area is disappearing. C. Because they lose their super sense of smell. 4.What can we do to protect polar bears? A. We can use more electricity. B. We can use cloth shopping bags. C. We can drive to school every day. 5.What can we learn from the text? A. Polar bears have large feet. B. Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C. Polar bears have white fur all over the body. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. B　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一片说明文，介绍了北极熊的相关情况，包括它们的外形特征、食物、生活习性，还指出北极熊正面临生存危险及其原因，并给出了保护北极熊的具体措施，呼吁人们采取行动。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据表格中“What do they eat?”对应的食物链图示，北极熊处于食物链顶端，其主要食物是海豹。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据表格中“Do you know?”部分的“Polar bears have fat to keep themselves warm.”可知，脂肪帮助北极熊保暖。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Our planet is getting warm, so polar bears must swim longer to find food. For this reason, they are hungry and in worse health.”可知，北极熊面临危险是因为全球变暖导致它们难以寻找食物。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We should also choose sustainable products to slow down the climate change, like bamboo chopsticks and cloth shopping bags.”可知，使用布袋是保护北极熊的有效做法。故选B。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据表格中“Do you know?”部分的“Polar bears have large feet to help pull themselves through the water.”可知，北极熊有大大的脚。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山西朔州山阴县·期中）请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Animals are amazing creatures with different skills and habits. Let’s take a look at four interesting animals from around the world. Do you love cute animals? The giant panda is one of the most popular animals. It has black and white fur and looks like a big teddy bear. It mainly eats bamboo, about 12 kilograms a day. Home: Bamboo forests in China Fun fact: It can climb trees well despite (尽管) its heavy body. Would you like to meet a smart swimmer? Dolphins are very clever and friendly to people. They have gray skin and a fin on their backs. They live in groups and talk to each other with sounds. Home: Oceans around the world Fun fact: They can jump high out of the water. Do you know the largest land animal? Elephants have big ears, a long trunk and white tusks. They use their trunks to drink water and pick up food. They are very social and live in family groups. Home: Grasslands and forests in Africa and Asia Fun fact: They can remember places and other elephants for years. Do you want to see a bird that can’t fly? Penguins have black and white feathers and walk in a funny way. They are great swimmers, using their wings like flippers (脚蹼). They live in cold places and often stand close together to keep warm. Home: the Antarctic and some cold islands Fun fact: They can slide on their tummies (肚子) on ice. 1.Which animal can climb trees well? A. Elephants. B. Penguins. C. Pandas. 2.What do dolphins and elephants have in common? A. They both live in groups. B. They both talk with sounds. C. They both can remember places easily. 3.Where do elephants live according to the passage? A. In Africa and Australia. B. In Australia and Asia. C. In Africa and Asia. 4.What makes penguins different from most other birds? A. They can fly very high. B. They have colourful feathers. C. They can’t fly but they are great swimmers. 5.In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A. Sports News. B. Animal World. C. School Life. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大熊猫、海豚、大象和企鹅这四种有趣动物的特点、习性、居住地和趣味知识。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据熊猫部分“Fun fact: It can climb trees well despite (尽管) its heavy body.”可知，大熊猫虽然身体重，但很擅长爬树。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据海豚部分“They live in groups...”和大象部分“They are very social and live in family groups.”可知，海豚和大象的共同点是它们都群体生活。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据大象部分“Home: Grasslands and forests in Africa and Asia”可知，大象生活在非洲和亚洲。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据企鹅部分“Do you want to see a bird that can’t fly? Penguins have black and white feathers...They are great swimmers...”可知，企鹅与其他大多数鸟类的不同之处在于它不会飞，但是游泳很棒。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了四种不同的动物及其特征，因此最有可能出现在杂志的“动物世界”栏目。故选B。 主题语境01 人与自我-学校活动 （25-26八上·山西临汾市·期中）Have you heard about “survival (生存) holidays”? It is for children to go into the lonely (荒凉的) place for exciting activities, and their parents don’t go with them. During the activities, other grown-ups are not around them either. Many parents like “survival holidays” because they think being close to nature is good for children. Many children in big cities spend most time watching TV and playing computer games. “Survival holidays” can make a big difference to (产生很大影响) their life. Is “survival holidays” a great idea? Maybe it is. Children need more free time to play. And they need to be on their own. Parents like to see their children join in activities, but they think the activities should be controlled (被控制) by grown-ups. Children don’t know what to do when they meet difficulty. Even something like crossing a small river seems to be a hard thing. Children usually don’t know what to do in the face of danger. Even small danger like getting their feet wet or falling down seems very terrible to them. The survival activities are good for children. Even years later they will still remember what they learnt. Some learnt to keep their heads clear in dangerous times. Some learnt how to stay away from danger. Others learnt how to work in a team. All these will help them a lot in their life. 1.How does the writer start the text? A. By telling a story. B. By showing a fact. C. By asking a question. 2.Why do many parents like “survival holidays”? A. Because it has exciting activities. B. Because it helps children be close to nature. C. Because they can join it with their children. 3.What does the example of “crossing a small river” want to show? A. Parents should help their children. B. Children should learn to cross a river. C. Children don’t know how to face difficulty. 4.Which can’t children learn from the survival activities? A. How to work in a team. B. How to get good grades. C. How to keep their heads clear in danger and stay away from danger. 5.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Survival Holidays B. Love from Parents C. Ways to Face Danger 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. B　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“生存假期”这一活动，包括其定义、目的、家长对其的看法以及孩子们能从中学习到的技能等。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Have you heard about ‘survival (生存) holidays’?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始这篇文章。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Many parents like ‘survival holidays’ because they think being close to nature is good for children.”可知，许多家长喜欢“生存假期”是因为他们认为亲近自然对孩子有好处。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Children don’t know what to do when they meet difficulty. Even something like crossing a small river seems to be a hard thing.”可知，孩子们遇到困难时不知道该怎么办，甚至像过一条小河这样的事情似乎都很难，因此这个例子想要表明孩子们不知道如何面对困难。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Some learnt to keep their heads clear in dangerous times. Some learnt how to stay away from danger. Others learnt how to work in a team.”可知，孩子们能从生存活动中学习到在危险时刻保持头脑清醒、如何远离危险以及如何团队合作，但没有提到如何取得好成绩。故选B。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了“生存假期”这一活动，包括其定义、目的、家长看法以及孩子们能从中学习到的技能等，因此最佳标题应为“Survival Holidays”。故选A。 主题语境02 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山西太原·期中）请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 The world has lost a great scientist—Dr. Jane Goodall passed away on October 1 in California. Her work changed how we understand animals. In 1960, Goodall went to Gombe National Park in Tanzania to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩). She found that chimpanzees don’t only eat plants. She watched them use tools to catch ants. In fact, humans are not the only tool users. Goodall found another side of chimpanzees, too. They played, shared food, and made peace after fights. There’s a special, trusting relationship (信任关系) between her and the chimpanzees. Once, a chimpanzee held her hand softly. Another chimpanzee named Flo asked her baby to touch Goodall’s nose. These small moments showed their close connection. Goodall became a bridge between humans and nature, helping people understand and care about the animal world. In her late years, she worked to save forests. She even started projects like the “Trillion Trees” and “Trees for Jane”. During her long life, Goodall carried a message of hope. She believed that hope gives people the strength to act and care for the planet. Although her work has ended, her love for all living things will continue to inspire everyone. 1.What did Jane Goodall discover about chimpanzees? A. They can use tools to get food. B. They can only eat plants. C. They can teach humans to make tools. 2.According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. Goodall only studied chimpanzees. B. Chimpanzees never fight with others. C. Chimpanzees can be kind to humans. 3.How did the chimpanzees show their trust in Jane Goodall? A. By inviting her to look after their babies. B. By getting very close to Jane Goodall. C. By bringing her nice food every day. 4.What did Goodall do in her later years? A. She studied other animals. B. She worked to save forests. C. She built more national parks. 5.What is the best title of the passage? A. A Bridge between Humans and Chimpanzees B. The Habits of Chimpanzees in Tanzania C. Scientists’ Great Discovery of Forests 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了科学家Jane Goodall如何成为人类与黑猩猩之间的纽带。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“She found that chimpanzees don’t only eat plants. She watched them use tools to catch ants”可知，她发现了黑猩猩用工具获取食物。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Once, a chimpanzee held her hand softly. Another chimpanzee named Flo asked her baby to touch Goodall’s nose.”可知，黑猩猩握住Goodall的手、让幼崽碰Goodall的鼻子，这表明黑猩猩能够对人类友好。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“There’s a special, trusting relationship (信任关系) between her and the chimpanzees. Once, a chimpanzee held her hand softly. Another chimpanzee named Flo asked her baby to touch Goodall’s nose. These small moments showed their close connection.”可知，黑猩猩通过握住Goodall的手、让幼崽碰Goodall的鼻子这些亲密的行为来表达对Goodall的信任。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“In her late years, she worked to save forests.”可知，晚年她致力于拯救森林。故选B。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了科学家Jane Goodall如何成为人类与黑猩猩之间的纽带。A选项“人类与黑猩猩之间的桥梁”符合最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·山西晋中市平遥县·期中）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Do you know how many ants live on Earth? Scientists in Hong Kong say there are about 20,000,000,000,000,000 ants! That means there are almost 2.5 million ants for every human. How did they count such a big number? In the past, many scientists counted ants in different places. They picked up fallen leaves and soil (泥土) and dried them to make the ants come out for counting. With the help of 465 studies, scientists made the guess about the number of ants. Ants play an important role in nature. They help make the soil soft, spread (散播) seeds, break down (分解) dead things and become part of the food chain (食物链). Besides, they can help to show the changes in global (全球) temperature. The number of ants and where they live can show how the environment (环境) is changing. Compared with big animals, small ants can feel changes in the environment more easily. Most ants live in some warm places. But in the last few years, ants have been moving toward the two poles (极地) because of global warming (全球变暖). Changes in forests, such as cutting down too many trees, also change the number of ants. Ants are small but important to our environment. Let’s protect these little friends and their home! 1.How many ants are there on Earth according to Hong Kong scientists? A. 465. B. 2.5 million. C. 20,000,000,000,000,000. 2.How did scientists count the ants in the past for this research? A. They asked people all over the world to count ants. B. They took pictures of ants over the forests to count them. C. They picked up leaves and soil, dried them, and counted the ants that came out. 3.Which of these is not a role of ants in nature? A. They change the global temperature directly. B. They help to soften the soil and spread seeds. C. They break down dead things and are part of the food chain. 4.According to the study, what is making ants move toward the two poles? A. Humans kill too many ants. B. They are looking for more food. C. Global warming is making those areas warmer. 5.What can we infer (推测) from the passage? A. Protecting the environment is a way to protect the ants. B. The number of ants is dropping because of the cold weather. C. It is easy for scientists to count the exact number of all ants. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家对全球蚂蚁数量的估算、研究方法、蚂蚁在自然界的重要作用以及气候变化对蚂蚁分布的影响。 (1)题解析： 根据文章第一段第二句“Scientists in Hong Kong say there are about 20,000,000,000,000,000 ants!”可知，香港科学家指出地球上大约有20,000,000,000,000,000只蚂蚁。 (2)题解析： 根据文章第二段第三句“They picked up fallen leaves and soil... and dried them to make the ants come out for counting.”可知，科学家过去通过捡起落叶和土壤，将其烘干使蚂蚁出来，然后进行计数。 (3)题解析： 由文章第三段第二句“They help make the soil soft, spread seeds, break down dead things and become part of the food chain.”可知，蚂蚁的作用包括使土壤松软、散播种子、分解死物和成为食物链的一部分。根据文章第三段最后一句“Besides, they can help to show the changes in global temperature.”可知，蚂蚁可以帮助显示全球气温的变化，而不是直接改变全球气温，所以A项不是蚂蚁在自然界中的作用。 (4)题解析： 根据文章第四段第四句“But in the last few years, ants have been moving toward the two poles because of global warming.”可知，蚂蚁向两极移动是因为全球变暖。全球变暖使得原本寒冷的两极地区温度升高，更适合蚂蚁生存。 (5)题解析： 根据文章最后一段“Let’s protect these little friends and their home!”以及第四段提到的环境变化（如砍伐树木、全球变暖）会影响蚂蚁的数量和分布，可以推断出保护环境也是保护蚂蚁的一种方式。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-人际交往 （2026·山西大同·测试）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B 、 C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship. To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit in a boat about to go. When suddenly on shore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms (桃花潭) may be. It is not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me. A Time to Talk (By Robert Frost ) When a friend calls to me from the road, And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around. On all the hills I haven’t hoed (锄地), And shout from where I am, what is it? No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground, blade (锄头) end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone____▲______， For a friendly visit. 中文翻译 当一位朋友从大路向我召唤， 示意他的马儿脚步放缓， 我没有停下而是环顾， 我还没有锄完的整片小山， 从我所在的位置高喊“什么？” 不，我不会那么做，我们总有时间可以交谈。 我把锄头扔进肥沃的泥土， 刀头向上高达五尺来长， 吃力地，我爬上石墙， 做朋友拜访应有的模样。 Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison (对比). His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere (真挚的). 1.The underlined word “influence” means “_________” in Chinese. A. 保护 B. 影响 C. 同意 2.What scene (场景) did Li Bai describe in the poem? A. Ships on the lake. B. Peach Blossoms. C. Wang Lun seeing him off. (送行) 3.What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代)? A. The ship. B. Love. C. The lake of Peach Blossoms. 4.Which is the most suitable word for _____▲_____? A. wall B. ball C. tall 5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The end of the friendship. B. The writers of the poems. C. The analysis (分析) of the poems. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会 （2026·山西大同·测试）请阅读下面语篇，从每题所给的A、B 、 C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Some young kids don’t know how special they are. They think they are too common. This is the problem of most kids today. Every kid feels that way, especially in middle school. When they see famous sports players or cool pop stars, they often think: Am I famous? What am I going to be when I grow up? That’s part of growing up. Growing up means understanding what you can do and what you can offer to the world. When you are young, you don’t see that. But when you get older, you’ll know that just by being yourself, you do give something to other people. Maybe you aren’t the best, but that doesn’t make you “not special”. Think about friends. Write down some things that you like about them. Think carefully about why you’re friends, and then you will know that though they aren’t the smartest or the prettiest, they are special in their ways. And they feel just the same as you! In fact, it is great to be the best at something, But it’s OK if you can’t be the best. If you just live your life and try hard, you are still pretty amazing. And you can make your dream come true. 1.What’s the problem of most kids today? A. They don’t care for pop stars. B. They want to see famous people. C. They don’t know they are special. 2.What does the writer say about growing up? A. Understanding what you can do for yourself and others. B. You get older and older. C. You should make your plans. 3.What does the underlined word “offer” mean? A. Care. B. Give. C. Buy. 4.What can we know from Paragraph 3? A. You should always like your friends. B. You shouldn’t forget your friends. C. Your friends are special and you are also special. 5.The text mainly talks about A. how special you are. B. what you should do when you grow up. C. why you are so common. 主题语境03 人与自我-饮食 （25-26八上·山西运城·期中）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Shanxi is a province in northern China. It is famous for many delicious foods. Let’s have a look! Daoxiao Noodles Daoxiao Noodles is one of the most famous foods in Shanxi. People make it with a knife (刀). The noodles are not thin. When you eat them, they feel chewy (有嚼劲的) in your mouth. People usually cook the noodles in boiling water. Then they add soup, vegetables and meat. Daoxiao Noodles are cheap. Many people from Shanxi eat them for breakfast or lunch. They are also popular in other parts of China. Pingyao Beef Pingyao Beef comes from Pingyao, a famous old town in Shanxi. It has a long history. People make it with special spices (香料) and slow cooking. The beef tastes salty and delicious. You can eat it cold or hot. Many people like to cut it into thin slices and eat it as a snack. It is also a great gift for friends and family. Wantuo Wantuo is a special cold dish in Shanxi. It is made from flour. People pour the flour into bowls and cook it. After cooling, it becomes wantuo. People usually cut wantuo into pieces. Then they add vinegar (醋), oil and cucumber to it. It tastes sour and hot. It is very refreshing, especially in summer. Many people eat it as a light meal. Shanxi food is simple but delicious. If you go to Shanxi, don’t forget to try these three foods! 1.What do people usually use to make Daoxiao noodles? A. A bowl. B. A knife. C. An oven. 2.Why are Daoxiao noodles popular in Shanxi? A. Because they are cheap and delicious. B. Because they are thin and easy to cook. C. Because they are expensive and special. 3.How can people eat Pingyao beef? A. Only cold. B. Only hot. C. Cold or hot. 4.How does wantuo taste? A. Sour and hot. B. Salty and delicious. C. Chewy and tasty. 5.Where can we read the passage? A. In a story book. B. In a travel guide. C. In a science book. 主题语境01 人与自我-个人情况 （25-26八上·山西朔州市多校·期中）“Am I an ‘I’ (introvert) person or an ‘E’ (extrovert) person?” It is a popular topic among young people around China today. Many people are interested in it so that they take a personality test named MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) to find out the answer. Andy The result of the test shows that I am an E-person. I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. Ken and I head for the sea on Saturdays to surf (冲浪), and on Sundays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. But sometimes, I also want to stay at home to do things alone. Mary I’m an I-person, but I think it’s not completely right. I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on the sofa by myself with a great book in my hand. However, I also need time with my best friend, Tina. Tina is more outgoing than me. She always brings lots of joy to me. But there are also problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. This is because some people find it hard to answer some questions. “I like watching TV by myself. But I also enjoy playing with friends. Am I an ‘I’ or an ‘E’?” When you take a personality test, you may think, “Oh, that’s me.” That’s because the descriptions are generic. They can be used to describe many people. Research has found that over 50 percent of people get a different score (分数) when they retake the MBTI just five weeks later. So, don’t label (贴标签) yourself. Whether introverts or extroverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship. 1.If you are an I-person, what may you like doing? A. Surfing on the sea. B. Eating out with friends. C. Staying on the sofa alone. 2.Why do people get different results when they take the test? A. Because they think it is just a game. B. Because they are not serious about the test. C. Because some questions are difficult to answer. 3.What does the underlined word “generic” mean? A. 特别的 B. 通用的 C. 容易的 4.If 100 people retake MBTI, how many people may get different scores? A. 35. B. 45. C. 55. 5.Why does the writer write this passage? A. To introduce MBTI. B. To explain how to use MBTI. C. To tell people the results of MBTI are not important. 主题语境02 人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山西晋中部分学校·期中）Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends” and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply acquaintances and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school or at work, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends do something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends is “guest friends”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little about what they like or dislike, and a little about their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep (深的), such as your wishes, and they don’t open up to you about how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friends”, is the people you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You share your deepest feelings and thoughts. Though they may not be perfect, they will always care about you, and never do anything bad. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value (重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1.What does the underlined word “acquaintances” mean? A. Close friends at school. B. People you know but not well. C. Friends who have similar interests with you. 2.What is TRUE about “guest friends”? A. You share your deepest feelings with them. B. You know a little about their family histories. C. You will miss them very much when they are not around. 3.If Peter and you are classmates and do things together, but don’t share your feelings. What kind of friends are you? A. Pest friends. B. Best friends. C. Guest friends. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A. A “pest friend” will become your “best friend”. B. “Guest friends” know everything about each other. C. You never tell “pest friends” when they are wrong. 5.What is the main purpose (主要目的) of the passage? A. To tell three different kinds of friends. B. To tell a story about how to love your best friends. C. To explain why we need to make more pest friends. Passage 2 （25-26八上·山西长治长子县·期中）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Are your friends similar to or different from you? Look, there are four students in Class One talking about their friends with different characters (性格). My friend Albert is a quiet but talented boy. In most of his free time, he enjoys reading in the classroom or the school library, so he can always get good grades. When we have problems in studying, Albert is often ready to help us out. We all like him. Mark is quite outgoing and friendly. He joins the sports club at school. And he is interested in sports activities. He often organizes (组织) class trips, bike-riding races and other relaxing games. This makes him popular at school. All the students would like to play with him. Sophia does different volunteer (志愿者) work after school. On Monday and Friday, Sophia goes to the children’s hospital. On Wednesday, she visits the old people’s home and helps look after the old people. On the weekend, she helps clean up the neighborhood. Almost every friend group has a “parent”. Emily is the most responsible (有责任心的) one of my friends. When we go out, we don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. If someone needs advice, Emily is the first person we would ask. 1.If students have problems in studying, they could ask ________ for help. A. Albert B. Mark C. Emily 2.Mark is popular at school because ________. A. he is outgoing and friendly. B. he often organizes class trips. C. he always helps others in sports. 3.Sophia is a ________ girl. A. quiet but talented B. beautiful and friendly C. kind and helpful 4.What can we know from the passage? A. Mark is talented in sports. B. Emily often takes care of her friends. C. Albert gets good grades because of his friends’ help. 5.The passage is to ________. A. teach us the importance of friends B. tell the stories of four good friends C. describe four friends with different characters 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山西朔州市多校·期中）How much do you know about polar bears? Polar bears live in one of the coldest places on the planet, the Arctic area. Here are more facts about polar bears. Spot a Polar Bear What do they eat? ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears are at the top of their food chain (食物链) in the Arctic. Do you know? ·Polar bears live for 20～30 years. ·Polar bears have fat to keep themselves warm. ·Their super sense of smell lets them know where to hunt for food. ·Polar bears have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. However, polar bears are in danger. Our planet is getting warm, so polar bears must swim longer to find food. For this reason, they are hungry and in worse health. So, we must take actions to protect polar bears. We should use less electricity (电). We should also choose sustainable (可持续的) products to slow down the climate change, like bamboo chopsticks and cloth shopping bags. Please remember, every small step counts. 1.What do polar bears mainly eat? A. Plankton. B. Krill. C. Seal. 2.What helps polar bears keep warm? A. Fat. B. Tail. C. Ears. 3.Why are polar bears in danger? A. Because they are hard to find food. B. Because the Arctic area is disappearing. C. Because they lose their super sense of smell. 4.What can we do to protect polar bears? A. We can use more electricity. B. We can use cloth shopping bags. C. We can drive to school every day. 5.What can we learn from the text? A. Polar bears have large feet. B. Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C. Polar bears have white fur all over the body. Passage 2 （25-26八上·山西朔州山阴县·期中）请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Animals are amazing creatures with different skills and habits. Let’s take a look at four interesting animals from around the world. Do you love cute animals? The giant panda is one of the most popular animals. It has black and white fur and looks like a big teddy bear. It mainly eats bamboo, about 12 kilograms a day. Home: Bamboo forests in China Fun fact: It can climb trees well despite (尽管) its heavy body. Would you like to meet a smart swimmer? Dolphins are very clever and friendly to people. They have gray skin and a fin on their backs. They live in groups and talk to each other with sounds. Home: Oceans around the world Fun fact: They can jump high out of the water. Do you know the largest land animal? Elephants have big ears, a long trunk and white tusks. They use their trunks to drink water and pick up food. They are very social and live in family groups. Home: Grasslands and forests in Africa and Asia Fun fact: They can remember places and other elephants for years. Do you want to see a bird that can’t fly? Penguins have black and white feathers and walk in a funny way. They are great swimmers, using their wings like flippers (脚蹼). They live in cold places and often stand close together to keep warm. Home: the Antarctic and some cold islands Fun fact: They can slide on their tummies (肚子) on ice. 1.Which animal can climb trees well? A. Elephants. B. Penguins. C. Pandas. 2.What do dolphins and elephants have in common? A. They both live in groups. B. They both talk with sounds. C. They both can remember places easily. 3.Where do elephants live according to the passage? A. In Africa and Australia. B. In Australia and Asia. C. In Africa and Asia. 4.What makes penguins different from most other birds? A. They can fly very high. B. They have colourful feathers. C. They can’t fly but they are great swimmers. 5.In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A. Sports News. B. Animal World. C. School Life. 主题语境01 人与自我-学校活动 （25-26八上·山西临汾市·期中）Have you heard about “survival (生存) holidays”? It is for children to go into the lonely (荒凉的) place for exciting activities, and their parents don’t go with them. During the activities, other grown-ups are not around them either. Many parents like “survival holidays” because they think being close to nature is good for children. Many children in big cities spend most time watching TV and playing computer games. “Survival holidays” can make a big difference to (产生很大影响) their life. Is “survival holidays” a great idea? Maybe it is. Children need more free time to play. And they need to be on their own. Parents like to see their children join in activities, but they think the activities should be controlled (被控制) by grown-ups. Children don’t know what to do when they meet difficulty. Even something like crossing a small river seems to be a hard thing. Children usually don’t know what to do in the face of danger. Even small danger like getting their feet wet or falling down seems very terrible to them. The survival activities are good for children. Even years later they will still remember what they learnt. Some learnt to keep their heads clear in dangerous times. Some learnt how to stay away from danger. Others learnt how to work in a team. All these will help them a lot in their life. 1.How does the writer start the text? A. By telling a story. B. By showing a fact. C. By asking a question. 2.Why do many parents like “survival holidays”? A. Because it has exciting activities. B. Because it helps children be close to nature. C. Because they can join it with their children. 3.What does the example of “crossing a small river” want to show? A. Parents should help their children. B. Children should learn to cross a river. C. Children don’t know how to face difficulty. 4.Which can’t children learn from the survival activities? A. How to work in a team. B. How to get good grades. C. How to keep their heads clear in danger and stay away from danger. 5.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Survival Holidays B. Love from Parents C. Ways to Face Danger 主题语境02 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·山西太原·期中）请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 The world has lost a great scientist—Dr. Jane Goodall passed away on October 1 in California. Her work changed how we understand animals. In 1960, Goodall went to Gombe National Park in Tanzania to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩). She found that chimpanzees don’t only eat plants. She watched them use tools to catch ants. In fact, humans are not the only tool users. Goodall found another side of chimpanzees, too. They played, shared food, and made peace after fights. There’s a special, trusting relationship (信任关系) between her and the chimpanzees. Once, a chimpanzee held her hand softly. Another chimpanzee named Flo asked her baby to touch Goodall’s nose. These small moments showed their close connection. Goodall became a bridge between humans and nature, helping people understand and care about the animal world. In her late years, she worked to save forests. She even started projects like the “Trillion Trees” and “Trees for Jane”. During her long life, Goodall carried a message of hope. She believed that hope gives people the strength to act and care for the planet. Although her work has ended, her love for all living things will continue to inspire everyone. 1.What did Jane Goodall discover about chimpanzees? A. They can use tools to get food. B. They can only eat plants. C. They can teach humans to make tools. 2.According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. Goodall only studied chimpanzees. B. Chimpanzees never fight with others. C. Chimpanzees can be kind to humans. 3.How did the chimpanzees show their trust in Jane Goodall? A. By inviting her to look after their babies. B. By getting very close to Jane Goodall. C. By bringing her nice food every day. 4.What did Goodall do in her later years? A. She studied other animals. B. She worked to save forests. C. She built more national parks. 5.What is the best title of the passage? A. A Bridge between Humans and Chimpanzees B. The Habits of Chimpanzees in Tanzania C. Scientists’ Great Discovery of Forests Passage 2 （25-26八上·山西晋中市平遥县·期中）请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Do you know how many ants live on Earth? Scientists in Hong Kong say there are about 20,000,000,000,000,000 ants! That means there are almost 2.5 million ants for every human. How did they count such a big number? In the past, many scientists counted ants in different places. They picked up fallen leaves and soil (泥土) and dried them to make the ants come out for counting. With the help of 465 studies, scientists made the guess about the number of ants. Ants play an important role in nature. They help make the soil soft, spread (散播) seeds, break down (分解) dead things and become part of the food chain (食物链). Besides, they can help to show the changes in global (全球) temperature. The number of ants and where they live can show how the environment (环境) is changing. Compared with big animals, small ants can feel changes in the environment more easily. Most ants live in some warm places. But in the last few years, ants have been moving toward the two poles (极地) because of global warming (全球变暖). Changes in forests, such as cutting down too many trees, also change the number of ants. Ants are small but important to our environment. Let’s protect these little friends and their home! 1.How many ants are there on Earth according to Hong Kong scientists? A. 465. B. 2.5 million. C. 20,000,000,000,000,000. 2.How did scientists count the ants in the past for this research? A. They asked people all over the world to count ants. B. They took pictures of ants over the forests to count them. C. They picked up leaves and soil, dried them, and counted the ants that came out. 3.Which of these is not a role of ants in nature? A. They change the global temperature directly. B. They help to soften the soil and spread seeds. C. They break down dead things and are part of the food chain. 4.According to the study, what is making ants move toward the two poles? A. Humans kill too many ants. B. They are looking for more food. C. Global warming is making those areas warmer. 5.What can we infer (推测) from the passage? A. Protecting the environment is a way to protect the ants. B. The number of ants is dropping because of the cold weather. C. It is easy for scientists to count the exact number of all ants. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-人际交往 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A5.C 主题语境02人与社会-社会 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C5.A 主题语境03人与自我-饮食 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.A5.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与自我-个人情况 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.C5.C 主题语境02人与自我-家庭、朋友与周围的人 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.C5.A Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C 主题语境03人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.B5.A 1/2 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.C5.B 拓展培优 主题语境01人与自我-学校活动 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.B5.A 主题语境02人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4B5.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.C5.A 212