2027年高考英语一轮复习调研卷（上海卷05）

**基本信息** 该试卷聚焦高考一轮复习，以社会热点（孤独感、环保）、科技前沿（非脑细胞记忆存储）和生活实践（应急工具、医疗沟通）为情境，通过多题型梯度设计考查语言运用与思维能力，适配基础巩固与综合素养提升。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|20题/20分|动词时态、介词搭配、词义辨析|以孤独感研究、昆虫保护为语篇，考查语境中语法与词汇运用，渗透文化意识| |阅读理解|15题/45分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|涵盖科技说明文（非脑细胞记忆）、广告（应急工具）、社会现象（无纸化办公），培养思维品质| |写作（概要+翻译+应用文）|4题/50分|信息整合、汉英转换、情境表达|概要写作聚焦青少年大脑发展，应用文结合社区服务提建议，提升语言能力与学习能力|

2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷05） 英语·参考答案 II. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20 分。每小题1分) Section A 1．nobody 2．whatever 3．being surrounded 4．that 5．a 6．of 7．when 8．feeling 9．less likely 10．is emphasised Section B 11．I 12．J 13．F 14．E 15．H 16．B 17．K 18．G 19．C 20．D III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 21．C 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A Section B 36．B 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．C 41．B 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．C Section C 47．E 48．F 49．A 50．D IV. Summary Writing (共10 分) The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to previous beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through their choices and behaviors. Activities like music, sports, and academic studies strengthen brain connections, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding this can encourage teenagers to make smarter choices for their future. V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分。) 【52】There is an opera equipped with an advanced sound system in the building. 【53】His decision to cut costs runs counter to the company’s commitment to quality, leaving its future uncertain. 【54】The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which was labelled as “recyclable packaging.” 【55】It is said that this is a smart eco-friendly neighbourhood, whose energy-efficient streetlamps / streetlights and recycling facilities are typical examples of low carbon lifestyle. V. Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Event Organizer, I am Li Ming from Mingqi High School. I appreciate the initiative to engage our community on the Double Ninth Festival. However, I have some suggestions to enhance the event. Firstly, while tai chi and paper-cutting are great, they might not appeal to all seniors. To include more participants, we could add activities like music appreciation or storytelling sessions that cater to different interests and abilities. Secondly, to make the most of the half-day event, a detailed schedule should be created and shared beforehand. This will help ensure smooth transitions between activities and allow participants to prepare accordingly. Lastly, to foster deeper connections, I propose making the talent show interactive by inviting a few seniors to share their stories or talents alongside the students. This would create a more collaborative and intergenerational atmosphere. Thank you for considering my suggestions. I believe these adjustments will make the event more meaningful and memorable for everyone involved. B Best regards, Li Ming 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷05） 英语·全解全析 （笔试部分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How lonely are you? Sometimes living alone or being in a remote location with 1 around to talk to can give you the feeling of despair and isolation. It’s not a great feeling. There’s a common stereotype that it’s something that affects older people more, but research has found that loneliness is something that can affect us all, 2 our age. There’s a familiar phrase that says it’s possible to be lonely in a crowd — despite 3 (surround) by hundreds of people, you think you have nobody to talk to or to connect with and 4 nobody wants to listen to you anyway. It’s probably not true, but loneliness is seen as a big problem for the mental health of the population wherever they live — so much so that the British government even has 5 minister for loneliness. The BBC recently completed a survey about the topic and it found that people aged between 16 and 24 experience loneliness more often and more intensely than any other age group. Researchers from the University of Manchester who analyzed the data, suggested feeling lonely may plague the young because it’s a time of changing identity — figuring out your place in the world and 6 learning to regulate emotions. Psychology lecturer and BBC presenter Claudia Hammond says that “it’s tempting to conclude that something about modern life is putting young people at a higher risk of loneliness, but when we asked older people in our survey about the loneliest times in their lives, they also said it was 7 they were young.” The issue is certainly being talked about more. And in the UK, the Minister for Loneliness Tracey Crouch has said that “the government now recognizes loneliness as one of the biggest health challenges we face.” She also said there needs to be a “national conversation” to end the stigma about admitting to 8 (feel) lonely. The BBC Loneliness Experiment also found the type of culture you live in has implications for loneliness. People from cultures which tend to put a high value on independence, such as Northern Europe and the US, revealed they would be 9 (likely) to tell a colleague about their loneliness. But in cultures where extended family 10 (emphasise), such as in Southern Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa, older women in particular were at lower risk of feeling lonely. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dramatically   B．emerging   C． hidden   D．knock-on   E. orbit   F. refuges G. boost   H. shading   I. stem   J. structural   K. uninterrupted A Bug’s Life Insect species are under threat around the world but there are simple science-backed actions we can all take to 11 their decline. Many of the drivers of those declines are 12 , and require strong action by governments to turn around. But there are clear, easy steps that anyone can take to support the insect world. For species under such pressure, we can create 13 for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival. Turn out the lights Everyone has seen moths circle a bulb at night. But if that light stays on, researchers estimate one-third of insects trapped in its 14 will die before morning. Light pollution is a huge driver of insect declines: it changes insect behavior and can even make leaves too tough for them to eat. You can help by switching off your outdoor lights or putting them on a sensor, and 15 windows so lights are not shining out into the night. Skip the lawn-or mow it less No mow May is one of the most successful recent environmental campaigns in the UK, intended to provide more habitat to bees and butterflies when they are 16 from a cold, hard winter. But it doesn’t have to be only May. Letting grasses grow 17 , particularly where native wildflowers thrive, can be a big 18 for insects. Protect owls and bats While often 19 from sight, bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations. Where owls and bats disappear, farmers tend to increase their insecticides. By supporting your local bat and owl populations, you can have positive 20 effects for insects. III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-25每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 21 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 22 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology, answers are 23 black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t 24 , either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 25 uncertainty, not about creating certainty.” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 26 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment, he tells them to 27 their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 28 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped 29 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 30 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a(n) 31 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a(n) 32 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.” On the other hand, computers can’t 33 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 34 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, however, is decide how to 35 the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 21．A．On one hand B．All in all C．As a result D．Above all 22．A．hesitation B．conviction C．confusion D．certainty 23．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．barely 24．A．alerted B．vanished C．faded D．adjusted 25．A．limiting B．gathering C．ignoring D．increasing 26．A．resistant to B．reluctant to C．accustomed to D．inclined to 27．A．narrow B．justify C．clarify D．broaden 28．A．healing B．cure C．diagnosis D．defense 29．A．enlighten B．redefine C．hinder D．complicate 30．A．accurate B．straightforward C．vague D．effective 31．A．challenge B．push C．stretch D．endurance 32．A．stable B．maximal C．favorable D．ultimate 33．A．keep B．confine C．communicate D．indicate 34．A．conclude B．estimate C．project D．calculate 35．A．break B．report C．inform D．interpret Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Research reveals that not only brain cells, but also cells from other body parts, can store memories. This discovery offers new insights into memory function and potential treatments for memory-related issues, according to New York University. The research aimed to explore whether non-brain cells contribute to memory by applying the massed-spaced effect — a principle suggesting that information is remembered better when learned over multiple periods rather than through intensive study in a single session. In their study, published in Nature Communications, scientists investigated two types of non-brain human cells in a laboratory setting. These cells were exposed to various chemical signals, similar to how brain cells respond to neurotransmitters (神经递质) during learning. In response, the non-brain cells activated a “memory gene”— the same gene that brain cells use for detecting patterns and restructure their connections to form memories. To monitor this process, the researchers engineered the cells to produce a fluorescent protein, allowing them to track when the memory gene was turned on or off. The results showed that these cells could detect repeated chemical signals, similar to neurotransmitter bursts in the brain, rather than extended ones. This mirrors how brain cells register learning with spaced breaks instead of learning everything all at once. When signals were spaced out, the “memory gene” was activated more strongly and for a longer time than when delivered all at once. “This reflects the massed-spaced effect,” says Kukushkin, a clinical associate professor at NYU. “It shows that repeated learning is a fundamental property of all cells.” “This discovery opens new doors for understanding how memory works and could lead to better ways to enhance learning and treat memory-related issues,” observes Kukushkin. “It also suggests that in the future, we may need to treat our body like the brain, considering how systems such as digestion or cancer cells ‘remember’ patterns to regulate blood sugar or respond to the pattern of cancer treatment. ” 36．What does the massed-spaced effect illustrate? A．The brain stores memory during deep sleep. B．Spacing learning over time improves memory. C．Memory is stored only when repeated continuously. D．Learning everything in one session reduces memory. 37．What does the underlined phrase “fluorescent protein” refer to? A．A neurotransmitter produced by brain cells. B．A type of chemical signal released by cells. C．A protein found only in brain-related research. D．A substance that indicates active memory genes. 38．What can be learned from the research in paragraph 3? A．All cells possess the basic characteristic of repeated learning. B．Cells do not respond to chemical signals during learning. C．Intensive learning is more effective than spaced learning. D．The brain only uses extended bursts of neurotransmitters. 39．What could be a suitable title for this article? A．Exploring Memory Function in the Brain. B．The Role of Non-Brain Cells in Memory Storage. C．How Brain Cells Detect Patterns during Learning. D．The Impact of Chemical Signals on Memory Formation. (B) When Disaster Strikes, Be Prepared! Don’t leave home without this survival kit! When the going gets tough, you need to be ready. Power cuts, floods, ice storms, hurricanes and wildfires, have become the usual. You should always be prepared. Our Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit will help you to the challenge. Having the right tool in the right place could save your bacon! The powerful Overwatch Tactical Flashlight is super bright for when the power goes out. The stainless steel Heavy Duty Multi-Tool contains a knife, can opener, pliers and screwdriver. The Survival Multi-Function Card has an escape rope, wrench, saw and more. And when the heat goes out or the car is stuck in a winter storm, the Endurance Emergency Blanket will help keep you warm. Knowing you’re prepared, where there’s the Pioneer Compass Chronograph Watch, which features a compass, temperature display and flint in addition to keeping time. “WITH THE RIGHT TOOLS, YOU CAN SURVIVE MOST ANYTHING.”-STANISLAUS BISCOGLIA, FOUNDER & CEO, STAUER “Good buy. [It] has everything I need for getting along in the wild.” -says client John B． This could be your lifesaver. Secured in a handy Desert Camo Carrying Kit, these tools are essential for tackling most any nature disaster. With safety at the top of everyone’s wish list, this must - have kit is one of the fastest-selling items in the company’s history with over 30,000 sold in the first 2 months. BACK IN STOCK for the first time after overwhelming demand, we had ONLY 733 KITS AVAILABLE, for this ad and half have already sold! We recommend buying three: one for home, one for the office and one to keep in your car in case trouble kicks up. If this kit doesn’t meet your expectations, send it back for a full refund. “Your move, Mother Nature.” Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit $199 $39+S&P Save $17.50 “You must use Insider Offer Code DCC 154-01 to get this price.” 1-800-333-2045 Kit Specifications of Stauer’s Survival Kits-Overwatch Tactical Flashlight -Three light modes -100 lumens -Pioneer Compass Chronograph -Compass, Flint, Wrench -Temperature display -Endurance Emergency Blanket -4.25×6.6 -Survival Multi-Function Card -Rulers for measurement -Can opener -Bottle opener -Heavy Duty Multi-Tool -Small-knife - Can opener -Pliers & Screwdriver 40．Who are most likely the target buyers of the Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit? A．Enthusiasts of extreme sports looking for related products B．Individuals who enjoy collecting military-style gear for display. C．Those who are concerned about safety and preparedness for emergencies D．People who are into designing nature reserves. 41．Which of the following strategies are used in the promotion of the Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit? ① Highlighting the urgency of buying due to limited stock. ② Featuring reviews from celebrities to build trust. ③ Offering a money-back guarantee to ensure customer satisfaction. ④ Giving discounts to make the price more appealing. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 42．What does the sentence “Your move, Mother Nature.” imply in the advertisement? A．Mother Nature is powerless against the refund policy. B．The kit is ready to handle any disasters or emergencies. C．The kit is a gift for Mother Nature to help protect the environment. D．The company won’t produce the kit any more unless nature demands it. (C) For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the “paperless” office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). But after decades of advertising, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. Paper sales have seen a marked slowdown over the past two or three years — despite the strong overall economy. Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our reliance on paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. “Old habits are hard to break,” says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.” In the early to mid-90s, the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost. But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. “We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,” says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information kept only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.” In addition, Mr. Maine points to the weak employment market for white-collar workers — the primary driver of office paper consumption — for the shift in paper usage. The real shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. And the changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. “All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, ‘We need to learn more about the behavioral aspects of paper use,’” he says. “They had never asked, they’d just assumed that million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.” To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus (触控笔), like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow marks made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen. Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against “paperlessness”, but we hardly notice at all. In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, so has video conferencing — with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosted business travel. That’s one of the great ironies of the information age. It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, the more likely it leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet. 43．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales? A．Workforce with better computer skills. B．Slow growth of the U.S. economy. C．Changing patterns in paper use. D．Changing employment trends. 44．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7? A．Richard Harper had accurately predicted the exact annual sales volume. B．The paper industry was well aware of the changing behavioral aspects of paper use. C．The paper industry used to see economic growth as the driver of paper sales. D．Digital innovation would eventually reduce paper consumption. 45．The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature ________. A．integrated use of paper and digital form B．a shift from paper to digital form C．the use of computer screen D．a new style of writing 46．What does the author mean by “irony of the information age”? A．The dream of the “paperless” office will be realized. B．People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings. C．More digital data use leads to greater paper use. D．Some people are opposed to video-conferencing. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Call of Alcohol People’s reactions to alcohol can vary widely—from those who enjoy it greatly to those who find it unappealing. The difference, as scientists are discovering, may not just be a matter of personal choice but also deeply rooted in genetics and physiological responses. A fascinating case is that of Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends. 47 Researchers discovered that their levels of a hormone called FGF21, which typically helps regulate metabolism (新陈代谢), more than doubled. Interestingly, this hormone might also play a role in controlling alcohol intake. FGF21 is primarily produced in the liver (肝), but its effects extend to the brain, where it seems to play a role in regulating desires for alcohol and sugar. 48 This finding opens up new possibilities for developing treatments targeting FGF21 pathways to reduce heavy drinking. But why would a hormone that evolved to control metabolism also affect alcohol consumption? One theory suggests it might be tied to our evolutionary past. Early humans frequently consumed fermented (发酵的) foods and drinks, which could damage the liver if consumed too much. 49 In human studies, variations in the FGF21 gene have been linked to differences in alcohol consumption. Those with one variant are more likely to drink heavily, while others with a different variant are more likely to drink moderately or even drink nothing. These genetic insights are part of a broader effort to reveal the complex relationship between our biology and drinking behavior. 50 If FGF21 or similar pathways can be used for treatment purposes, it might become possible to help individuals struggling with alcohol dependence. This could also provide new avenues for understanding how our organs, like the liver, influence behaviors traditionally considered purely psychological. A．But whatever happens, we are still left with the discovery that our livers influence our behaviour in unexpected ways. B．But, so far, research had only shown that it just works for a short period of time. C．FGF21 could have evolved as a protective response to lessen this damage by reducing the desire to drink more. D．The implications of this research are significant. E．They took part in a three-day drinking marathon—not just for fun, but as part of a study on the effects of heavy drinking. F．When animals are genetically modified to produce higher levels of FGF21, they show a decreased preference for alcohol and sweetened food. IV. Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete. The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses- connections between nerve (神经) cells. Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information, The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior, to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses, the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die away. For example, if a teenager is doing music, sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life, What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. If you don't want to become an adult who is buried in the sofa all day long, pull yourself out of it when you are still a teenager. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．这栋大楼里有一家装配了高级音响系统的剧院。 (equip) 53．他削减成本的决定与公司对质量的承诺背道而驰，使得公司前途未卜。(counter)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 54．这个家庭主妇选了一些冷冻食品， 其中三分之一贴着可回收包装的标签。(a third of which)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 55．据说这是一个智能化的生态友好小区，其节能路灯、可回收中心是低碳生活的典型案例。(whose)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，你校准备以班级为单位，在校园周边老年社区开展“爱满社区”的社会实践活动，并在校园网公布了如下方案，征求师生意见。写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括： 1）你认为方案中需要改进的地方； 2）你的修改建议及理由。 活动方案 时间 重阳节（农历九月初九）周五 时长 半天 地点 社区图书馆 活动内容 ●组织老年人打太极 ●组织老年人做剪纸 ●学生才艺表演展示 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第12页（共13页） 试卷第13页（共13页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷05） 英语·全解全析 （笔试部分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How lonely are you? Sometimes living alone or being in a remote location with 1 around to talk to can give you the feeling of despair and isolation. It’s not a great feeling. There’s a common stereotype that it’s something that affects older people more, but research has found that loneliness is something that can affect us all, 2 our age. There’s a familiar phrase that says it’s possible to be lonely in a crowd — despite 3 (surround) by hundreds of people, you think you have nobody to talk to or to connect with and 4 nobody wants to listen to you anyway. It’s probably not true, but loneliness is seen as a big problem for the mental health of the population wherever they live — so much so that the British government even has 5 minister for loneliness. The BBC recently completed a survey about the topic and it found that people aged between 16 and 24 experience loneliness more often and more intensely than any other age group. Researchers from the University of Manchester who analyzed the data, suggested feeling lonely may plague the young because it’s a time of changing identity — figuring out your place in the world and 6 learning to regulate emotions. Psychology lecturer and BBC presenter Claudia Hammond says that “it’s tempting to conclude that something about modern life is putting young people at a higher risk of loneliness, but when we asked older people in our survey about the loneliest times in their lives, they also said it was 7 they were young.” The issue is certainly being talked about more. And in the UK, the Minister for Loneliness Tracey Crouch has said that “the government now recognizes loneliness as one of the biggest health challenges we face.” She also said there needs to be a “national conversation” to end the stigma about admitting to 8 (feel) lonely. The BBC Loneliness Experiment also found the type of culture you live in has implications for loneliness. People from cultures which tend to put a high value on independence, such as Northern Europe and the US, revealed they would be 9 (likely) to tell a colleague about their loneliness. But in cultures where extended family 10 (emphasise), such as in Southern Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa, older women in particular were at lower risk of feeling lonely. 【答案】 1．nobody 2．whatever 3．being surrounded 4．that 5．a 6．of 7．when 8．feeling 9．less likely 10．is emphasised 【导语】文章围绕“孤独”这一话题展开，指出孤独可能影响所有人，并介绍了BBC关于孤独的调查：16至24岁的年轻人更频繁、更强烈地经历孤独，文章还分析了孤独与身份转变、文化背景的关系，以及英国政府对这一问题的重视。 【详解】1．考查不定代词。句意：有时独居或在偏远地区，周围没有人可以交谈，会给你带来绝望和孤立感。根据前后语境中提到的“偏远地区”、“会带来绝望和孤独感”，设空处应该用不定代词nobody表示“没有人可以交谈”。 2．考查连词。句意：人们普遍有一种刻板印象，认为孤独更多影响老年人，但研究发现，孤独是可以影响我们所有人的事情，无论我们的年龄如何。这里whatever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论年龄大小”。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：有一句人们熟悉的话说，身处人群中也可能感到孤独——尽管被数百人包围，你却认为自己没有人可以交谈或联系，而且反正也没有人想听你说话。despite为介词，后面应该接动名词；surround与其逻辑主语you之间为被动关系，用动名词被动形式being surrounded。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：有一句人们熟悉的话说，身处人群中也可能感到孤独——尽管被数百人包围，你却认为自己没有人可以交谈或联系，而且反正也没有人想听你说话。think后接两个并列的that宾语从句，第二个从句的that不省略。 5．考查冠词。句意：这或许并非事实，但无论人们住在哪里，孤独都被视为影响人口心理健康的一大问题——以至于英国政府甚至设有一位“孤独事务大臣”。minister为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位孤独事务大臣”，且minister以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 6．考查介词。句意：曼彻斯特大学分析数据的研究人员认为，孤独可能困扰年轻人，因为这是一个身份转变的时期——弄清楚你在世界上的位置，以及学会调节情绪。这里是and连接的两个并列of介词短语，作a time的后置定语。 7．考查表语从句。句意：心理学讲师兼BBC主持人克劳迪娅·哈蒙德表示，人们很容易得出结论：现代生活的某些因素使年轻人面临更高的孤独风险，但当我们询问调查中的老年人一生中最孤独的时期时，他们也都说那是在他们年轻的时候。根据后面“they were young”可知用when引导表语从句，表示时间，意为“……的时候”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：她还说，需要进行一场“全国性对话”，以结束那种承认自己感到孤独的耻辱感。admit to doing sth.为固定搭配，其中to为介词，后接动名词。 9．句意：来自崇尚独立的文化，比如北欧和美国的人们透露，他们不太可能把孤独告诉同事。结合语境，在崇尚独立的文化，比如在北欧和美国，人们“更不愿意”表露孤独，likely用比较级并表否定，前面添加less。 10．考查被动语态。句意：而在强调大家庭的文化中，如南欧、拉美、亚洲和非洲，尤其是老年女性感到孤独的风险更低。“extended family”与emphasise之间为被动关系，且叙述一般情况用一般现在时，并注意主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is emphasised。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dramatically   B．emerging   C． hidden   D．knock-on   E. orbit   F. refuges G. boost   H. shading   I. stem   J. structural   K. uninterrupted A Bug’s Life Insect species are under threat around the world but there are simple science-backed actions we can all take to 11 their decline. Many of the drivers of those declines are 12 , and require strong action by governments to turn around. But there are clear, easy steps that anyone can take to support the insect world. For species under such pressure, we can create 13 for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival. Turn out the lights Everyone has seen moths circle a bulb at night. But if that light stays on, researchers estimate one-third of insects trapped in its 14 will die before morning. Light pollution is a huge driver of insect declines: it changes insect behavior and can even make leaves too tough for them to eat. You can help by switching off your outdoor lights or putting them on a sensor, and 15 windows so lights are not shining out into the night. Skip the lawn-or mow it less No mow May is one of the most successful recent environmental campaigns in the UK, intended to provide more habitat to bees and butterflies when they are 16 from a cold, hard winter. But it doesn’t have to be only May. Letting grasses grow 17 , particularly where native wildflowers thrive, can be a big 18 for insects. Protect owls and bats While often 19 from sight, bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations. Where owls and bats disappear, farmers tend to increase their insecticides. By supporting your local bat and owl populations, you can have positive 20 effects for insects. 【答案】 11．I 12．J 13．F 14．E 15．H 16．B 17．K 18．G 19．C 20．D 【导语】这篇文章讲全球昆虫数量持续减少，除政府出台政策管控根源因素外，普通人可通过夜间关灯、减少修剪草坪、保护蝙蝠猫头鹰等方式，为昆虫打造适宜的生存环境。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：全球范围内的昆虫物种正面临威胁，但我们每个人都可以采取一些简单且有科学依据的行动来阻止它们的数量减少。根据“there are simple science-backed actions we can all take”以及句意“阻止”可知应填动词stem，此处为不定式作目的状语。 12．考查形容词。句意：这些下降趋势的许多原因属于结构性问题，需要政府采取强有力的措施才能扭转局面。根据“and require strong action by governments to turn around”以及句意“结构性”可知应填形容词structural，作表语。 13．考查名词。句意：对于处于这种压力下的物种，我们可以在一个日益不利于其生存的世界中为昆虫创造庇护所。根据“for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival”以及句意“庇护所”可知应填名词refuge，作宾语，数量大于一用复数。 14．考查名词。句意：但如果那道光一直亮着，研究人员估计，其中三分之一被困在轨道上的昆虫会在清晨前死亡。根据“But if that light stays on”以及句意“轨道”可知应填名词orbit，作宾语。 15．考查动词。句意：你可以通过关闭户外照明或安装感应灯，以及遮挡窗户以防止灯光在夜间照射到外面来帮助保护昆虫。根据“windows so lights are not shining out into the night”以及句意“遮挡”可知应填动词shade，作介词的宾语用动名词形式。 16．考查动词。句意：“五月不割草”是英国近年最成功的环保活动之一，旨在为刚熬过严寒冬季、重新现身的蜜蜂与蝴蝶提供更多栖息地。根据“from a cold, hard winter”以及句意“现身”可知应填动词emerge，结合are可知为现在进行时。 17．考查形容词。句意：让草类持续生长，尤其是在原生野花繁盛的地方，对昆虫来说可能是一个极大的促进。根据“”以及句意“持续”可知应填形容词uninterrupted，作表语。 18．考查名词。句意：让草类持续生长，尤其是在原生野花繁盛的地方，对昆虫来说可能是一个极大的促进。根据“where native wildflowers thrive”以及句意“促进”可知应填名词boost，作表语。 19．考查动词。句意：尽管常被忽视，蝙蝠和一些猫头鹰种类在春季、夏季和初秋期间以昆虫为食，并在调节其种群数量方面发挥着关键作用。根据“bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations”以及句意“忽视”可知应填过去分词hidden，作状语。 20．考查形容词。句意：通过支持本地蝙蝠和猫头鹰种群，你还能对昆虫产生积极的连锁效应。根据“By supporting your local bat and owl populations”以及句意“连锁”可知应填形容词knock-on，修饰effects。 III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-25每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 21 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 22 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology, answers are 23 black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t 24 , either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 25 uncertainty, not about creating certainty.” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 26 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment, he tells them to 27 their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 28 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped 29 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 30 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a(n) 31 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a(n) 32 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.” On the other hand, computers can’t 33 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 34 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, however, is decide how to 35 the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 21．A．On one hand B．All in all C．As a result D．Above all 22．A．hesitation B．conviction C．confusion D．certainty 23．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．barely 24．A．alerted B．vanished C．faded D．adjusted 25．A．limiting B．gathering C．ignoring D．increasing 26．A．resistant to B．reluctant to C．accustomed to D．inclined to 27．A．narrow B．justify C．clarify D．broaden 28．A．healing B．cure C．diagnosis D．defense 29．A．enlighten B．redefine C．hinder D．complicate 30．A．accurate B．straightforward C．vague D．effective 31．A．challenge B．push C．stretch D．endurance 32．A．stable B．maximal C．favorable D．ultimate 33．A．keep B．confine C．communicate D．indicate 34．A．conclude B．estimate C．project D．calculate 35．A．break B．report C．inform D．interpret 【答案】 21．C 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A 【导语】文章介绍医生工作充满概率性，但常向患者传递笃定态度，如今医疗信息普及，这种确定性沟通或许弊大于利。 【详解】21．考查固定短语。句意：因此，患者期望医生给出明确的诊断和直白的治疗方案。A. On one hand一方面；B. All in all总而言之；C. As a result因此；D. Above all最重要的是。前文“when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty”讲述医生被教导要向患者传递自信笃定的态度，后文“patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment”是患者由此产生的期待，前后为因果关系。 22．考查名词。句意：但如今各类医疗信息唾手可得，专家质疑医生与患者沟通时表现出的笃定实际上是否弊大于利。A. hesitation犹豫；B. conviction信念，笃定；C. confusion困惑；D. certainty确定性。根据上文“they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty”和下文“when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good”可知，医生被教导在与患者打交道时要传达出令人安心的自信和确定性，所以此处指医生在与患者沟通时表现出的明显确定性。 23．考查副词。句意：随着医疗和科技进步带来的信息过载，答案很少是非黑即白的。A. frequently频繁地；B. generally通常；C. rarely很少，极少；D. barely仅仅，几乎不。根据上文“With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology”可知，医学和技术带来的信息复杂多样，所以答案很少是简单明确的，即答案很少是非黑即白的。 24．考查动词。句意：医学院才刚刚开始教授医生应对这一问题的方法，而患者的期望也尚未调整。A. alerted提醒；B. vanished消失；C. faded消退；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this”可知，医学院刚开始教医生处理问题，但病人的期望没有跟着做出调整，即患者仍然期望医生给出明确的诊断和直接的治疗方案。 25．考查动词。句意：如果你思考一下知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。A. limiting限制，界定；B. gathering收集；C. ignoring忽视；D. increasing增加。结合前文“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”医学无法达到数学层面的绝对确定可知，知识是梳理、界定不确定的事物，而非创造绝对确定的结果。 26．考查形容词短语。句意：接受培训的医生如同赌徒，需要习惯在不断权衡各类因素概率的领域工作。A. resistant to抵制；B. reluctant to不情愿；C. accustomed to习惯于；D. inclined to倾向于。根据下文“working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors”可知，医生要习惯在这样一个充满不确定性需要权衡的领域工作。 27．考查动词。句意：当Upshur教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉学生要拓宽问诊思路，列出多种可能性，而非快速锁定单一结论。A. narrow缩小；B. justify证明合理；C. clarify澄清；D. broaden拓宽。根据下文“come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution”可知，此处指要拓宽询问范围，列出一系列可能性。 28．考查名词。句意：即使你做出了一个你认为很确定的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看会有什么结果。A. healing康复；B. cure疗法，治疗方案；C. diagnosis诊断；D. defense防御。根据上文“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm”和后文“and what the outcomes will be in the long run”可知，此处指根据诊断确定治疗方案。 29．考查动词。句意：科技助力重新定义了人们对确定性的追求。A. enlighten启发；B. redefine重新定义；C. hinder阻碍；D. complicate使复杂。根据下文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ____ diagnosis than from a doctor.”可知，我们可以通过电脑得到诊断，技术对追求确定性的方式产生了影响，即科技重新定义了对确定性的追求。 30．考查形容词。句意：我们正在达到这样一个阶段：我们可以将一系列症状输入计算机，并得到比医生更准确的诊断。A. accurate精准的；B. straightforward直白的；C. vague模糊的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer”和下文“diagnosis than from a doctor”可知，将一系列症状输入计算机可以得到比医生更准确的诊断。 31．考查名词。句意：哈佛医学院医学教授Richard Schwartzstein认为，这样的发展既是一种挑战，也是一个机遇。A. challenge挑战；B. push推动；C. stretch延伸；D. endurance耐力。根据下文“On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ____ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.””和最后一段“On the other hand, computers can’t ____ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way.”可知，技术带来的发展有好有坏，既是挑战也是机会。 32．考查形容词。句意：一方面，他说：“技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。做这个测试，有99%的确定性你患有这种疾病。”A. stable稳定的；B. maximal极致的，最大的；C. favorable有利的；D. ultimate终极的。根据下文“Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”可知，技术试图把你推到一个最大确定性的水平。 33．考查动词。句意：另一方面，计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。A. keep保持；B. confine限制；C. communicate传达，沟通；D. indicate表明。根据下文“a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way”可知，此处指计算机无法以一种令人安慰的方式向患者传达诊断或治疗方案。 34．考查动词。句意：它还可以根据结节的大小和形状相当精确地计算出患癌症的风险。A. conclude总结；B. estimate预估，估算；C. project预测；D. calculate计算。根据下文“quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule”可知，电脑能根据结节的情况计算出患癌风险。 35．考查动词。句意：然而电脑无法解读并告知患者：肺部结节有1%的癌变概率这一消息。A. break打破；B. report报告；C. inform告知；D. interpret解读，诠释。根据下文“the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.”可知，此处指电脑无法告知患者肺部结节有癌变概率这一消息，break the news“告知坏消息”是常用搭配。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Research reveals that not only brain cells, but also cells from other body parts, can store memories. This discovery offers new insights into memory function and potential treatments for memory-related issues, according to New York University. The research aimed to explore whether non-brain cells contribute to memory by applying the massed-spaced effect — a principle suggesting that information is remembered better when learned over multiple periods rather than through intensive study in a single session. In their study, published in Nature Communications, scientists investigated two types of non-brain human cells in a laboratory setting. These cells were exposed to various chemical signals, similar to how brain cells respond to neurotransmitters (神经递质) during learning. In response, the non-brain cells activated a “memory gene”— the same gene that brain cells use for detecting patterns and restructure their connections to form memories. To monitor this process, the researchers engineered the cells to produce a fluorescent protein, allowing them to track when the memory gene was turned on or off. The results showed that these cells could detect repeated chemical signals, similar to neurotransmitter bursts in the brain, rather than extended ones. This mirrors how brain cells register learning with spaced breaks instead of learning everything all at once. When signals were spaced out, the “memory gene” was activated more strongly and for a longer time than when delivered all at once. “This reflects the massed-spaced effect,” says Kukushkin, a clinical associate professor at NYU. “It shows that repeated learning is a fundamental property of all cells.” “This discovery opens new doors for understanding how memory works and could lead to better ways to enhance learning and treat memory-related issues,” observes Kukushkin. “It also suggests that in the future, we may need to treat our body like the brain, considering how systems such as digestion or cancer cells ‘remember’ patterns to regulate blood sugar or respond to the pattern of cancer treatment. ” 36．What does the massed-spaced effect illustrate? A．The brain stores memory during deep sleep. B．Spacing learning over time improves memory. C．Memory is stored only when repeated continuously. D．Learning everything in one session reduces memory. 37．What does the underlined phrase “fluorescent protein” refer to? A．A neurotransmitter produced by brain cells. B．A type of chemical signal released by cells. C．A protein found only in brain-related research. D．A substance that indicates active memory genes. 38．What can be learned from the research in paragraph 3? A．All cells possess the basic characteristic of repeated learning. B．Cells do not respond to chemical signals during learning. C．Intensive learning is more effective than spaced learning. D．The brain only uses extended bursts of neurotransmitters. 39．What could be a suitable title for this article? A．Exploring Memory Function in the Brain. B．The Role of Non-Brain Cells in Memory Storage. C．How Brain Cells Detect Patterns during Learning. D．The Impact of Chemical Signals on Memory Formation. 【答案】36．B 37．D 38．A 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇科学报道。文章讲述了纽约大学的研究发现，不仅脑细胞，身体其他部位的细胞也能存储记忆。这一发现为理解记忆功能以及治疗记忆相关疾病提供了新的视角。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The research aimed to explore whether non-brain cells contribute to memory by applying the massed-spaced effect — a principle suggesting that information is remembered better when learned over multiple periods rather than through intensive study in a single session.(该研究旨在探索非脑细胞是否通过应用密集间隔效应（mass -spaced effect）来促进记忆——这一原理表明，多期学习比单次集中学习能更好地记住信息)”可知，密集间隔效应说明，信息在分多次学习时比在单次集中学习时更容易被记住。由此可知，随着时间的推移，间隔学习可以提高记忆力。故选B。 37．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“To monitor this process, the researchers engineered the cells to produce a fluorescent protein, allowing them to track when the memory gene was turned on or off.( 为了监测这一过程，研究人员对细胞进行了改造，使其产生一种fluorescent protein，从而使它们能够跟踪记忆基因何时开启或关闭)”可知，fluorescent protein是一种用于追踪记忆基因激活或关闭状态的物质。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““This reflects the massed-spaced effect,” says Kukushkin, a clinical associate professor at NYU. “It shows that repeated learning is a fundamental property of all cells.”(“这反映了密集间隔效应，”纽约大学临床副教授库库什金说。“这表明重复学习是所有细胞的基本特性。”)”可知，重复学习是所有细胞的基本特性。故选A。 39．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Research reveals that not only brain cells, but also cells from other body parts, can store memories.(研究表明，不仅脑细胞，身体其他部位的细胞也能储存记忆)”及全文内容可知，文章讲述了纽约大学的研究发现，不仅脑细胞，身体其他部位的细胞也能存储记忆，这一发现为理解记忆功能以及治疗记忆相关疾病提供了新的视角。由此可知，The Role of Non-Brain Cells in Memory Storage(非脑细胞在记忆储存中的作用)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 (B) When Disaster Strikes, Be Prepared! Don’t leave home without this survival kit! When the going gets tough, you need to be ready. Power cuts, floods, ice storms, hurricanes and wildfires, have become the usual. You should always be prepared. Our Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit will help you to the challenge. Having the right tool in the right place could save your bacon! The powerful Overwatch Tactical Flashlight is super bright for when the power goes out. The stainless steel Heavy Duty Multi-Tool contains a knife, can opener, pliers and screwdriver. The Survival Multi-Function Card has an escape rope, wrench, saw and more. And when the heat goes out or the car is stuck in a winter storm, the Endurance Emergency Blanket will help keep you warm. Knowing you’re prepared, where there’s the Pioneer Compass Chronograph Watch, which features a compass, temperature display and flint in addition to keeping time. “WITH THE RIGHT TOOLS, YOU CAN SURVIVE MOST ANYTHING.”-STANISLAUS BISCOGLIA, FOUNDER & CEO, STAUER “Good buy. [It] has everything I need for getting along in the wild.” -says client John B． This could be your lifesaver. Secured in a handy Desert Camo Carrying Kit, these tools are essential for tackling most any nature disaster. With safety at the top of everyone’s wish list, this must - have kit is one of the fastest-selling items in the company’s history with over 30,000 sold in the first 2 months. BACK IN STOCK for the first time after overwhelming demand, we had ONLY 733 KITS AVAILABLE, for this ad and half have already sold! We recommend buying three: one for home, one for the office and one to keep in your car in case trouble kicks up. If this kit doesn’t meet your expectations, send it back for a full refund. “Your move, Mother Nature.” Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit $199 $39+S&P Save $17.50 “You must use Insider Offer Code DCC 154-01 to get this price.” 1-800-333-2045 Kit Specifications of Stauer’s Survival Kits-Overwatch Tactical Flashlight -Three light modes -100 lumens -Pioneer Compass Chronograph -Compass, Flint, Wrench -Temperature display -Endurance Emergency Blanket -4.25×6.6 -Survival Multi-Function Card -Rulers for measurement -Can opener -Bottle opener -Heavy Duty Multi-Tool -Small-knife - Can opener -Pliers & Screwdriver 40．Who are most likely the target buyers of the Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit? A．Enthusiasts of extreme sports looking for related products B．Individuals who enjoy collecting military-style gear for display. C．Those who are concerned about safety and preparedness for emergencies D．People who are into designing nature reserves. 41．Which of the following strategies are used in the promotion of the Desert Camo Emergency Survival Kit? ① Highlighting the urgency of buying due to limited stock. ② Featuring reviews from celebrities to build trust. ③ Offering a money-back guarantee to ensure customer satisfaction. ④ Giving discounts to make the price more appealing. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 42．What does the sentence “Your move, Mother Nature.” imply in the advertisement? A．Mother Nature is powerless against the refund policy. B．The kit is ready to handle any disasters or emergencies. C．The kit is a gift for Mother Nature to help protect the environment. D．The company won’t produce the kit any more unless nature demands it. 【答案】40．C 41．B 42．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则应急生存工具包的广告，详细介绍了其多功能配件、促销策略及客户评价，强调该工具包在应对自然灾害中的实用性和紧迫性。 40．推理判断题。根据广告中反复强调的应对自然灾害的内容“When the going gets tough, you need to be ready. Power cuts, floods, ice storms, hurricanes and wildfires, have become the usual. You should always be prepared.(当事情变得艰难时，你需要做好准备。停电、洪水、冰暴、飓风和野火已成为家常便饭。你应该时刻做好准备。)”和“This could be your lifesaver. Secured in a handy Desert Camo Carrying Kit, these tools are essential for tackling most any nature disaster.(这可能是你的救命稻草。在一个方便的沙漠迷彩携带包中，这些工具是应对大多数自然灾害所必需的。)”，并结合客户评价“[It] has everything I need for getting along in the wild.(（它）有我在野外生活所需要的一切。)”可推断出，目标用户为关注安全与应急准备的人群。其他选项(极限运动爱好者、军事装备收藏者等)与广告核心内容不符。故选 C项。 41．细节理解题。① “Highlighting the urgency of buying due to limited stock.(由于库存有限，突出了购买的紧迫性)”：原文明确提到“BACK IN STOCK for the first time after overwhelming demand, we had ONLY 733 KITS AVAILABLE, for this ad and half have already sold!(在巨大的需求之后，我们第一次回到库存中，我们只有733个套件可用，对于这个广告，一半已经售出！)”，该项符合。  ② “Featuring reviews from celebrities to build trust.(通过名人的评论来建立信任。)”：广告仅引用普通客户John B的评价，无名人背书，故排除。 ③ “Offering a money-back guarantee to ensure customer satisfaction.(提供退款保证，确保客户满意。)”：文中明确说明“If this kit doesn’t meet your expectations, send it back for a full refund.(如果这个工具包不符合你的期望，把它寄回去全额退款。)”，该项符合。  ④ “Giving discounts to make the price more appealing.(打折使价格更有吸引力。)”：文中提到“$199 $39+S&P Save $17.50  “You must use Insider Offer Code DCC 154-01 to get this price.” ($199 $39+S&P Save $17.50；您必须使用内幕报价代码DCC 154-01才能获得此价格。)”，该项符合。 综上，正确策略为①③④。故选 B项。 42．词句猜测题。根据文章中的句子“Secured in a handy Desert Camo Carrying Kit, these tools are essential for tackling most any nature disaster.”及工具包功能描述，该口号以拟人化修辞挑战自然(Mother Nature)，暗示无论自然带来何种灾难，此工具包均已做好应对准备。选项B“The kit is ready to handle any disasters or emergencies(这个工具箱已准备好应付任何灾难或紧急情况)”准确反映其自信与实用性，其他选项曲解原意。故选 B项。 (C) For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the “paperless” office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). But after decades of advertising, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. Paper sales have seen a marked slowdown over the past two or three years — despite the strong overall economy. Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our reliance on paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. “Old habits are hard to break,” says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.” In the early to mid-90s, the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost. But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. “We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,” says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information kept only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.” In addition, Mr. Maine points to the weak employment market for white-collar workers — the primary driver of office paper consumption — for the shift in paper usage. The real shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. And the changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. “All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, ‘We need to learn more about the behavioral aspects of paper use,’” he says. “They had never asked, they’d just assumed that million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.” To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus (触控笔), like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow marks made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen. Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against “paperlessness”, but we hardly notice at all. In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, so has video conferencing — with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosted business travel. That’s one of the great ironies of the information age. It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, the more likely it leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet. 43．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales? A．Workforce with better computer skills. B．Slow growth of the U.S. economy. C．Changing patterns in paper use. D．Changing employment trends. 44．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7? A．Richard Harper had accurately predicted the exact annual sales volume. B．The paper industry was well aware of the changing behavioral aspects of paper use. C．The paper industry used to see economic growth as the driver of paper sales. D．Digital innovation would eventually reduce paper consumption. 45．The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature ________. A．integrated use of paper and digital form B．a shift from paper to digital form C．the use of computer screen D．a new style of writing 46．What does the author mean by “irony of the information age”? A．The dream of the “paperless” office will be realized. B．People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings. C．More digital data use leads to greater paper use. D．Some people are opposed to video-conferencing. 【答案】43．B 44．C 45．A 46．C 【导语】本文介绍无纸化办公室这一设想，分析美国办公用纸销量增长放缓的多重原因，介绍结合纸质与数字技术的新型产品，并阐述信息时代具有讽刺意味的现象：数字技术进步反而会带来纸张使用量的增加。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第一段“Paper sales have seen a marked slowdown over the past two or three years — despite the strong overall economy.(在过去两到三年里，纸张销售明显放缓，尽管整体经济强劲)”可知，美国经济并非增长缓慢，因此B不是纸张销量放缓的原因。 44．推理判断题。根据第七段“All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, ‘We need to learn more about the behavioral aspects of paper use,’(突然之间，造纸行业开始思考：‘我们需要更多地了解纸张使用的行为方面’)”和“They had never asked, they’d just assumed that 　　　　　　 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.(他们从未调研，只是简单认为……每年的纸张购买量是经济增长直接决定的数值)”可知，造纸行业过去把经济增长看作纸张销量的驱动因素。 45．细节理解题。根据第八段“To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities(为减少用纸，一些公司致力于结合数字与纸张的功能)”，下文施乐和Anoto集团的两项发明正是纸质载体和数字形式的融合应用。 46．推理判断题。根据第九段“In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, so has video conferencing — with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosted business travel(数字创新增加了纸张消耗；视频会议本承诺减少线下会面，却反而促进商务出行)”可知，信息时代的讽刺点（irony of the information age）在于更多数字化数据的使用，会带来更多纸张消耗。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Call of Alcohol People’s reactions to alcohol can vary widely—from those who enjoy it greatly to those who find it unappealing. The difference, as scientists are discovering, may not just be a matter of personal choice but also deeply rooted in genetics and physiological responses. A fascinating case is that of Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends. 47 Researchers discovered that their levels of a hormone called FGF21, which typically helps regulate metabolism (新陈代谢), more than doubled. Interestingly, this hormone might also play a role in controlling alcohol intake. FGF21 is primarily produced in the liver (肝), but its effects extend to the brain, where it seems to play a role in regulating desires for alcohol and sugar. 48 This finding opens up new possibilities for developing treatments targeting FGF21 pathways to reduce heavy drinking. But why would a hormone that evolved to control metabolism also affect alcohol consumption? One theory suggests it might be tied to our evolutionary past. Early humans frequently consumed fermented (发酵的) foods and drinks, which could damage the liver if consumed too much. 49 In human studies, variations in the FGF21 gene have been linked to differences in alcohol consumption. Those with one variant are more likely to drink heavily, while others with a different variant are more likely to drink moderately or even drink nothing. These genetic insights are part of a broader effort to reveal the complex relationship between our biology and drinking behavior. 50 If FGF21 or similar pathways can be used for treatment purposes, it might become possible to help individuals struggling with alcohol dependence. This could also provide new avenues for understanding how our organs, like the liver, influence behaviors traditionally considered purely psychological. A．But whatever happens, we are still left with the discovery that our livers influence our behaviour in unexpected ways. B．But, so far, research had only shown that it just works for a short period of time. C．FGF21 could have evolved as a protective response to lessen this damage by reducing the desire to drink more. D．The implications of this research are significant. E．They took part in a three-day drinking marathon—not just for fun, but as part of a study on the effects of heavy drinking. F．When animals are genetically modified to produce higher levels of FGF21, they show a decreased preference for alcohol and sweetened food. 【答案】47．E 48．F 49．A 50．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因和激素，特别是激素FGF21在酒精摄入和代谢中的影响，以及这些发现对治疗酗酒具有的重要意义。 【详解】47．“A fascinating case is that of Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends.(一个引人入胜的案例是Lars Igum Rasmussen和他的朋友们)”说明Lars Igum Rasmussen和他的朋友们的一个有趣案例，空处顺接前文，具体描述这个案例的内容。E项中的They指代前文中的“Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends”，说明他们参与了一项为期三天的饮酒马拉松研究，这与前文提到的案例自然衔接。所以E项“他们参加了为期三天的饮酒马拉松比赛，这不仅是为了好玩，也是关于酗酒影响的研究的一部分。”符合语境。故选E。 48．上文“FGF21 is primarily produced in the liver (肝), but its effects extend to the brain, where it seems to play a role in regulating desires for alcohol and sugar.(FGF21主要在肝脏中产生，但其作用延伸到大脑，在那里它似乎在调节对酒精和糖的欲望中发挥作用)”以及下文“This finding opens up new possibilities for developing treatments targeting FGF21 pathways to reduce heavy drinking.(这一发现为开发针对FGF21途径的治疗方法以减少酗酒开辟了新的可能性)”说明FGF21在调节酒精摄入方面的作用。F项“当动物经过基因改造以产生更高水平的FGF21时，它们对酒精和甜食的偏好会降低。”符合语境，该项中提供了实验动物中FGF21水平增加后对酒精和甜食偏好的减少情况，这正好补充了FGF21作用于控制酒精摄入的论点，而下文中的This finding指代了F项中的“实验的结果”。故选F。 49．上文“But why would a hormone that evolved to control metabolism also affect alcohol consumption? One theory suggests it might be tied to our evolutionary past. Early humans frequently consumed fermented (发酵的) foods and drinks, which could damage the liver if consumed too much.(但是，为什么一种进化来控制新陈代谢的激素也会影响饮酒量呢？有一种理论认为，这可能与我们的进化历史有关。早期人类经常食用发酵食品和饮料，如果摄入过多，可能会损害肝脏)”说明在进化过程中，摄入过多的发酵食品和饮料，会对肝脏造成损坏。空处和前文形成转折关系，说明肝脏调节新陈代谢方面的作用。A项的But为转折连词，而“our livers”和上文中的“the liver”相呼应，所以A项“但无论发生什么，我们仍然发现我们的肝脏以意想不到的方式影响我们的行为。”符合语境。故选A。 50．下文“If FGF21 or similar pathways can be used for treatment purposes, it might become possible to help individuals struggling with alcohol dependence. This could also provide new avenues for understanding how our organs, like the liver, influence behaviors traditionally considered purely psychological.(如果FGF21或类似途径可用于治疗目的，则有可能帮助患有酒精依赖症的人。这也可以为理解我们的器官（如肝脏）如何影响传统上被认为纯粹是心理的行为提供新的途径)”说明研究的意义以及未来可能的应用方向。所以D项“这项研究的意义重大。”适合作本段的主旨句。故选D。 IV. Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete. The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses- connections between nerve (神经) cells. Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information, The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior, to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses, the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die away. For example, if a teenager is doing music, sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life, What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. If you don't want to become an adult who is buried in the sofa all day long, pull yourself out of it when you are still a teenager. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to previous beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through their choices and behaviors. Activities like music, sports, and academic studies strengthen brain connections, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding this can encourage teenagers to make smarter choices for their future. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了青少年的大脑发育尚未完成，这与之前的观点相反。它强调青少年可以通过他们的选择和行为影响他们的大脑发育。音乐、体育和学术研究等活动可以加强大脑联系，而看电视等久坐不动的活动则会削弱大脑联系，了解这一点可以鼓励青少年为他们的未来做出更明智的选择。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete. ②The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior , to shape their brain development. ③For example, if a teenager is doing music , sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. ④What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、个要点进行总结。 3.遣词造句 The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to previous beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through their choices and behaviors. Activities like music, sports, and academic studies strengthen brain connections, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding this can encourage teenagers to make smarter choices for their future. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through their choices and behaviors.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to previous beliefs.（运用了how引导的宾语从句） V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．这栋大楼里有一家装配了高级音响系统的剧院。 (equip) 【答案】There is an opera equipped with an advanced sound system in the building. 【详解】考查there be 句型。某个地方存在某物或某人应使用there be句型而不能用have。equip with意为“用……装配”，为固定词组，同时可使用其过去分词短语作opera的定语。故翻译为There is an opera equipped with an advanced sound system in the building. 53．他削减成本的决定与公司对质量的承诺背道而驰，使得公司前途未卜。(counter)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 His decision to cut costs runs counter to the company’s commitment to quality, leaving its future uncertain. 【详解】“他削减成本的决定”表达为名词短语his decision to cut costs，其中不定式to cut costs作后置定语修饰decision；“与……背道而驰”表达为固定搭配run counter to，结合句意陈述客观事实，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数runs；“公司对质量的承诺”表达为名词短语the company’s commitment to quality，作介词to的宾语；“使得……”表达为现在分词leaving，在句中作状语；“公司前途未卜”表达为its future uncertain，its指代公司的，此处运用了“leave + 宾语 + 形容词（作宾语补足语）”的结构。 54．这个家庭主妇选了一些冷冻食品， 其中三分之一贴着可回收包装的标签。(a third of which)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which was labelled as “recyclable packaging.” 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事实，时态为一般过去时。主语为the housewife；表示“选择”应用动词choose，过去式为chose；表示“一些冷冻食品”为some refrigerated food；后跟“介词+关系代词which”结构引导非限制性定语从句修饰some refrigerated food，表示“其中三分之一”应用a third of which；表示“贴着标签”与先行词food之间为被动关系，应用be labelled as，be动词使用was；表示“可回收包装”为recyclable packaging。故翻译为The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which was labelled as “recyclable packaging.” 55．据说这是一个智能化的生态友好小区，其节能路灯、可回收中心是低碳生活的典型案例。(whose)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is said that this is a smart eco-friendly neighbourhood, whose energy-efficient streetlamps / streetlights and recycling facilities are typical examples of low carbon lifestyle. 【详解】考查固定搭配和定语从句。根据所给中文句子和题干要求可知，“其节能路灯、可回收中心是低碳生活的典型案例”可用whose引导的非限制性定语从句，“据说这是一个智能化的生态友好小区”为主句，“据说”为固定搭配：it is said that，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，“这是一个智能化的生态友好小区”译为“this is a smart eco-friendly neighbourhood”，“其节能路灯、可回收中心”为从句主语，译为“whose energy-efficient streetlamps / streetlights and recycling facilities”，“是”作谓语，yongbe动词are，“低碳生活的典型案例”作表语，译为“typical examples of low carbon lifestyle”。故译为：It is said that this is a smart eco-friendly neighbourhood, whose energy-efficient streetlamps / streetlights and recycling facilities are typical examples of low carbon lifestyle. VI. Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，你校准备以班级为单位，在校园周边老年社区开展“爱满社区”的社会实践活动，并在校园网公布了如下方案，征求师生意见。写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括： 1）你认为方案中需要改进的地方； 2）你的修改建议及理由。 活动方案 时间 重阳节（农历九月初九）周五 时长 半天 地点 社区图书馆 活动内容 ●组织老年人打太极 ●组织老年人做剪纸 ●学生才艺表演展示 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Event Organizer, I am Li Ming from Mingqi High School. I appreciate the initiative to engage our community on the Double Ninth Festival. However, I have some suggestions to enhance the event. Firstly, while tai chi and paper-cutting are great, they might not appeal to all seniors. To include more participants, we could add activities like music appreciation or storytelling sessions that cater to different interests and abilities. Secondly, to make the most of the half-day event, a detailed schedule should be created and shared beforehand. This will help ensure smooth transitions between activities and allow participants to prepare accordingly. Lastly, to foster deeper connections, I propose making the talent show interactive by inviting a few seniors to share their stories or talents alongside the students. This would create a more collaborative and intergenerational atmosphere. Thank you for considering my suggestions. I believe these adjustments will make the event more meaningful and memorable for everyone involved. B Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学学生李明的身份给活动组织者写一封邮件，针对校园网公布的“爱满社区”社会实践活动方案提出改进建议。邮件内容需包括认为方案中需要改进的地方以及修改建议及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion → advice 充分利用：make the most of → take advantage of 才艺表演：talent show → performance showcase 互动的：interactive → participatory 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Secondly, to make the most of the half-day event, a detailed schedule should be created and shared beforehand. This will help ensure smooth transitions between activities and allow participants to prepare accordingly. 拓展句：Secondly, to make the most of the half-day event, a detailed schedule should be created and shared beforehand, which will help ensure smooth transitions between activities and allow participants to prepare accordingly. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To include more participants, we could add activities like music appreciation or storytelling sessions that cater to different interests and abilities. (使用了关系代词that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】I believe these adjustments will make the event more meaningful and memorable for everyone involved.(使用了省略that引导的宾语从句) 试卷第22页（共24页） 试卷第21页（共24页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $