内容正文:
外研版· 八年级上册 Unit 5 词汇趣味讲义
Play by the rules? · 44 个词条(含 3 个短语)轻松拿下
(本讲义依据外研版(新标准)八年级上册 Unit 5 词汇表编写,收录全部 44 个词条;其中 clear your throat、seat belt、pick up 为课本短语,音标与词性栏留空;音标、词性与释义以课本为准。)
使用说明 · 30 分钟学习路线
★ 目标:学完本讲义,你能认读、拼写 Unit 5 的 44 个词条,会用 seat belt、pick up、avoid doing、be aware of、take responsibility 等表达,并能在“公交车上的公德与规则”情境中自然说出这些词。
★ 路线:① 读一读热身故事,猜猜加粗单词的意思 → ② 对照“单词大本营”逐个记 → ③ 跟着“读音密码”读准 → ④ 背下“搭配加油站” → ⑤ 完成“趣味闯关”并对照答案。
Part 1 · 热身故事:《Play by the rules?》
Play by the rules?
Opposite the bus station, a passenger sat with a packet of smelly cheese on the seat, going to a picnic. The noise made the driver reduce the music; a boy gave a kick to the bag, but it wasn’t anything for a fool to laugh at. A sign told him to move it. He began to clear your throat, but his throat was dry. Taking responsibility matters: the cause of the mess was a loose belt — the seat belt! A fallen flowerpot lay nearby; please pick up the mess.
Honesty is the best law. A lawyer once said an urgent message can spread fast online: every citizen should know, at the click of a mouse, the basic rules of personal and private life. Avoid giving out your address or passport number; limit careless words, and be aware that to cheat is wrong. We should trust each other, not treat a classmate as an enemy, behave well, and stop cyberbullying.
(故事里的加粗词条共 44 个,正好是本单元的全部词汇——先读一遍,能猜出几个意思?)
Part 2 · 单词大本营(44 个词条全收录)
★ 记单词有方法:拆词、谐音、联想、对比、成对记,找到适合你的那一招!
序号
单词
音标
词性
释义
趣味记忆法
1
opposite
/ˈɒpəzɪt/
prep.
在……的对面
opposite 在……的对面;opposite the bank 在银行对面。
2
packet
/ˈpækɪt/
n.
小包,小盒,小袋
packet 小包;a packet of 一包……
3
picnic
/ˈpɪknɪk/
n.
野餐
picnic 野餐;have a picnic 去野餐;过去式 picnicked。
4
smelly
/ˈsmeli/
adj.
有臭味的
smell(闻/气味)→ smelly 有臭味的。
5
cheese
/tʃiːz/
n.
干酪,奶酪
cheese 奶酪;照相时说 Say cheese!(笑一个)。
6
noise
/nɔɪz/
n.
噪声;嘈杂声
noise 噪声;noisy 喧闹的;make noise 吵闹。
7
reduce
/rɪˈdjuːs/
v.
减少;缩小;降低
reduce 减少;reduce waste 减少浪费。
8
kick
/kɪk/
v.
踢
kick 踢;kick the ball 踢球。
9
seat
/siːt/
n.
座,座位
seat 座位;take a seat 坐下;seat belt 安全带。
10
passenger
/ˈpæsɪndʒə/
n.
乘客,旅客
passenger 乘客;the passenger seat 副驾驶座。
11
anything
/ˈeniθɪŋ/
pron.
任何事物(没有)
anything 任何事物(没有);用于否定/疑问句;Anything else? 还要别的吗?
12
fool
/fuːl/
n.
蠢人,傻子,笨蛋
fool 蠢人;April Fools’ Day 愚人节;make a fool of 捉弄。
13
sign
/saɪn/
n.
标记;指示牌,标牌
sign 标牌、标记;traffic sign 交通标志;也作“签名”。
14
throat
/θrəʊt/
n.
喉咙,咽喉
throat 喉咙;have a sore throat 嗓子疼。
15
clear your throat
(尤指说话前或为引人注意而)清清嗓子
短语 clear your throat:(说话前或为引人注意)清清嗓子。
16
responsibility
/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/
n.
责任
responsible(负责的)→ responsibility 责任;a sense of responsibility。
17
cause
/kɔːz/
n.
原因,起因
cause 原因、起因(名词);也作动词“引起”。
18
belt
/belt/
n.
腰带,皮带
belt 腰带;seat belt 安全带;green belt 绿化带。
19
seat belt
安全带
短语 seat belt 安全带;fasten the seat belt 系安全带。
20
station
/ˈsteɪʃən/
n.
车站
station 车站;railway station 火车站。
21
flowerpot
/ˈflaʊəpɒt/
n.
花盆
flower(花)+ pot(盆)= flowerpot 花盆。
22
pick up
捡起
短语 pick up 捡起;pick up the rubbish 捡起垃圾。
23
mess
/mes/
n.
脏乱;凌乱
mess 脏乱;in a mess 一团糟;messy 凌乱的。
24
honesty
/ˈɒnəsti/
n.
诚实,正直;坦诚
honest(诚实的)→ honesty 诚实;Honesty is the best policy.
25
spread
/spred/
v.
传播
spread 传播;过去式过去分词同形 spread。
26
law
/lɔː/
n.
法则,法令
law 法则、法令;make laws 制定法律。
27
lawyer
/ˈlɔːjə/
n.
律师
law + yer = lawyer 律师。
28
urgent
/ˈɜːdʒənt/
adj.
紧急的,急迫的
urgent 紧急的;an urgent call 紧急电话。
29
citizen
/ˈsɪtɪzn/
n.
公民;市民,城镇居民
city(城市)→ citizen 公民、市民。
30
click
/klɪk/
n.
点击(鼠标)
click 点击(鼠标);click on the link 点击链接。
31
basic
/ˈbeɪsɪk/
adj.
基础的,基本的,根本的
base(基础)→ basic 基础的、基本的。
32
personal
/ˈpɜːsənəl/
adj.
个人的,私人的
person(人)→ personal 个人的;personal information 个人信息。
33
private
/ˈpraɪvət/
adj.
个人的,秘密的
private 个人的、秘密的;private diary 私人日记。
34
avoid
/əˈvɔɪd/
v.
避免
avoid 避免;avoid doing sth 避免做某事。
35
address
/əˈdres/
n.
地址
address 地址;email address 邮箱地址。
36
passport
/ˈpɑːspɔːt/
n.
护照
pass(通过)+ port(港口)= passport 护照。
37
limit
/ˈlɪmɪt/
v.
限制,限定
limit 限制;speed limit 限速;也作名词。
38
careless
/ˈkeələs/
adj.
不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的
care(小心)+ less(无)= careless 粗心的;反义 careful。
39
aware
/əˈweə/
adj.
注意到的,察觉到的
be aware of 注意到、察觉到。
40
cheat
/tʃiːt/
v.
欺诈,欺骗
cheat 欺骗;cheat in the exam 考试作弊。
41
trust
/trʌst/
v.
信任,信赖,相信
trust 信任;与 believe in 近义。
42
enemy
/ˈenəmi/
n.
敌人
enemy 敌人;复数 enemies;反义 friend。
43
behave
/bɪˈheɪv/
v.
表现
behave 表现;behave oneself 守规矩;behaviour 行为。
44
cyberbullying
/ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ/
n.
网络霸凌(欺凌)
cyber(网络)+ bullying(欺凌)= cyberbullying 网络霸凌。
Part 3 · 读音密码(4 条语音规律)
① 合成词:flower+pot(flowerpot)、pass+port(passport)、cyber+bullying(cyberbullying)。—— 拼两半就是一个词。
② 后缀:care+less(careless 粗心的)、smell+y(smelly 有臭味的)、noise→noisy(吵闹的)。—— -less 表“无”,-y 表“有……的”。
③ 词族:honest → honesty;responsible → responsibility;law → lawyer。—— 名词/人物这样变。
④ 公德短语:seat belt 安全带;pick up 捡起;clear your throat 清清嗓子;be aware of 察觉到。—— 短语是写作高分点。
Part 4 · 搭配加油站(8 组高频搭配)
搭配
意思
例句(本单元情境)
a packet of
一包
He carried a packet of smelly cheese.
reduce noise
减少噪声
Please reduce noise in the library.
fasten the seat belt
系安全带
Every passenger must fasten the seat belt.
pick up
捡起
Please pick up the fallen flowerpot.
take responsibility
承担责任
A good citizen takes responsibility.
avoid doing sth
避免做某事
Avoid giving out your address online.
be aware of
注意到,察觉到
Be aware of the traffic signs.
cheat in the exam
考试作弊
Never cheat in the exam.
Part 5 · 趣味闯关(6 关通关秘籍)
关卡一 · 单词消消乐(选词填空)
【passenger】 【trust】 【smelly】 【sign】 【reduce】 【cheese】 【station】 【mess】 【packet】 【behave】
1. Every ___ should wear a seat belt.
2. I will meet you at the railway ___.
3. There is some ___ on the plate.
4. Good friends ___ each other.
5. Please ___ the noise in the library.
6. The rubbish in the corner is really ___.
7. He bought a ___ of biscuits.
8. The ___ says “No parking”.
9. The classroom was in a ___ after the party.
10. Please ___ well on the bus.
关卡二 · 火眼金睛(单项选择)
1. ___ means bullying someone online.
A. Responsibility B. Honesty C. Cyberbullying D. Picnic
2. The ___ of the fire was a cigarette end.
A. packet B. cause C. click D. sign
3. Don't ___ in the exam.
A. cheat B. avoid C. reduce D. trust
4. ___ the bank, there is a bus stop.
A. Above B. Behind C. Opposite D. Against
5. It is a driver's ___ to keep passengers safe.
A. responsibility B. enemy C. lawyer D. passenger
6. Before you speak in public, you may ___.
A. click the mouse B. take a seat C. pick up rubbish D. clear your throat
关卡三 · 单词找房间(词性分类)
把下列 12 个单词按词性送进正确的“房间”(填序号即可)。
1. kick 2. cheese 3. cheat 4. packet 5. station 6. urgent 7. passenger 8. basic 9. spread 10. smelly 11. lawyer 12. reduce
房间
住进来的单词(填序号)
名词房
____________________________
动词房
____________________________
形容词房
____________________________
副词房
____________________________
关卡四 · 最佳搭档(搭配连线)
把左边的词(组)与右边正确的意思连起来。
左(搭配)
右(意思)
1. passenger
a. 减少;降低
2. cyberbullying
b. 信任
3. honesty
c. 诚实
4. sign
d. 乘客,旅客
5. trust
e. 小包,小袋
6. opposite
f. 在……的对面
7. packet
g. 网络霸凌
8. reduce
h. 标牌
关卡五 · 我是翻译官(中译英)
1. 一包有臭味的奶酪放在座位上。(packet, smelly, cheese, seat)
2. 请在车站捡起这盆花。(pick up, station, flowerpot)
3. 每位乘客都必须系好安全带。(passenger, seat belt)
4. 不要在考试中作弊;诚实最重要。(cheat, honesty)
5. 请避免泄露你的地址和护照号。(avoid, address, passport)
6. 我们应当信任同学,而不是把他们当敌人。(trust, enemy)
关卡六 · 谜语大挑战(脑筋急转弯)
1. I am a strip of cloth in a car that keeps you safe. What am I?
2. I am a board by the road that tells you what to do. What am I?
3. I am a pot that holds a flower. What am I?
(提示:三道题的答案里藏着 seat belt、sign、flowerpot 三个词条。)
Part 6 · 参考答案
关卡一 · 单词消消乐
1. passenger 2. station 3. cheese 4. trust 5. reduce 6. smelly 7. packet 8. sign 9. mess 10. behave
关卡二 · 火眼金睛
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D
关卡三 · 单词找房间
名词房:2、4、5、7、11; 动词房:1、3、9、12; 形容词房:6、8、10; 副词房:(本关无)。
关卡四 · 最佳搭档
1-d 2-g 3-c 4-h 5-b 6-f 7-e 8-a
关卡五 · 我是翻译官(参考答案)
1. A packet of smelly cheese was on the seat.
2. Please pick up the flowerpot at the station.
3. Every passenger must fasten the seat belt.
4. Don't cheat in the exam; honesty is the most important.
5. Please avoid giving out your address and passport number.
6. We should trust our classmates instead of treating them as enemies.
关卡六 · 谜语大挑战
1. A seat belt.
2. A sign.
3. A flowerpot.
Part 7 · 我的词汇打卡清单
每掌握一个词,就在对应的格子里打“√”。全部 44 个√,你就是本单元的单词小达人!
单词
会读
会拼
会用
opposite
packet
picnic
smelly
cheese
noise
reduce
kick
seat
passenger
anything
fool
sign
throat
clear your throat
responsibility
cause
belt
seat belt
station
flowerpot
pick up
mess
honesty
spread
law
lawyer
urgent
citizen
click
basic
personal
private
avoid
address
passport
limit
careless
aware
cheat
trust
enemy
behave
cyberbullying
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