Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 课件-2026-2027学年高一英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦“自然灾害”主题词汇，系统呈现22个核心词汇的词性、释义、短语及例句，通过情境化实例导入，以词汇用法辨析、搭配拓展为脉络，搭建例句解析、短语归纳等学习支架，帮助学生构建主题词汇网络。 其亮点在于采用精准对比（如damage、destroy、ruin的区分）和趣味助记（如“头发护理”比喻），结合实例化语境提升语言能力，通过辨析训练培养思维品质，助力学生高效掌握词汇用法，为教师提供系统教学资源，提升课堂效率。

Unit4 Vocabulary Unit4 Vocabulary Natural Disasters slide down 沿着……滑落 slide into 偷偷溜入;不知不觉染上(习惯/毛病等) slide off 滑落;滑离 slide away 溜走 slide　(slid, slid) vi. & vt. (使)滑行;滑动 (1)He 　　　　　　　　　 　 (偷偷溜进了教室)while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.   (2)It’s easy to 　　　　　　　　　 　(染上坏习惯)like smoking and drinking, but it’s hard to quit.   (3)She 　　　　　　　(溜走了)when her mother was answering a phone call.   (4)Tears were 　　　　　　　　　his cheeks when he heard the news that his wife had passed away.  slid into the classroom sliding down slid away slide into bad habits ① flood into涌入 ② flooded adj. 被水淹没的 be flooded with有大量…的,充斥着…的 ③ a flood of 一大批 2. flood n. 洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水;淹没;充斥;挤满 (1)Rural(农村的) workers flooded into big cities in China. 翻译：______________________________ (2) The road _______________________________（被淹了）just because of a sudden heavy rain yesterday.  (3)The people in the___________________ area are suffering from cold and hunger. 洪灾地区的人们正忍饥挨冻。 (4)Over the weekend, her Facebook fan page ______________________________________ comments. 仅一个周末的时间,她的Facebook支持者页面就被评论淹没了。 农村务工人员纷纷涌入中国的大都市。 was flooded flooded was flooded with ① rescue sb/sth from从…中援救；从…中营救 A strong boat is designed to rescue people from a Sinking ship. 坚固的船被设计来营救落水的人们。 ② rescuer n. 救援者 3. rescue v. 营救；救援 【巧学助记】 As soon as the accident happened, the ________________ came to the victims’ _________, and they didn’t give up any hope of __________ them __________ danger. 事故一发生,救援队就来营救受害者了,他们没有放弃任何使他们脱离危险的希望。 (1) When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers　　　　　　　　　　　　　(赶来救我们). (2) Many people who were present burst into tears when a 　　　　　　　(救援者) carried a girl out of the ruins.   rescue team rescue rescuing from came to our rescue rescuer He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage. 4.damage　n. 损坏;损失 vt. 损害;破坏;伤害 ①do/cause damage to…　对……造成损害 ②The damage is done. 事已至此。 5.destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭 ① completely/totally destroy sth 完全/彻底摧毁某物 destroy one’s hopes/confidence/career摧毁某人的希望/信心/事业 be destroyed by fire/a bomb/an earthquake 被大火/炸弹/地震摧毁 ② destruction n. [U] 毁灭; 消灭; 破坏 destructive adj. 引起破坏的; 破坏性的 6.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏 in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪 fall into ruin 毁坏 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame 损坏某人的健康/声誉 (1) Certain chemicals have been banned (禁止) because they are __________________________（破坏环境）. (2) In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 翻译:___________________________________  (3) Many species are in danger of extinction (灭绝) because 　　　　　　　 of our ____________ (破坏) of their natural habitat.  damaging the environment 在不到一分钟的时间里,一座大城市沦为废墟。 destruction Summary 运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分 damage, destroy 和 ruin。 ◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和 badly、seriously 等副词搭配； ◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和 completely、entirely 等副词搭配； ◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。 趣味记忆：头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。 12 1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall. 2. The building was completely ______________ by fire. 3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________. 4. This illness has _____________ my life. 5. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake. 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。 ruin damage destroy damaged destroyed ruined ruined destroyed damage, destroy, ruin ① die v. 死亡 （过去式：died） die of 指死于内部原因，如疾病，年老 die from 指死于意外等外部原因，例如意外事故(an accident) ② dead adj. 死亡的；无生命的 ③ dying adj. 垂死的，临终的 7. death n. 死；死亡 ①be greatly/deeply affected by… 被…深深打动 be seriously/badly affected by…受…严重影响 be affected with… 染上/患…病 ②effect n. 效果;影响 have an effect/influence on… 对……产生影响 take effect开始起作用,见效;生效 come/go into effect生效 ③effective adj. 有效的;实际的 8. affect vt 影响 ；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 (1) The growth of plants ______________(受到影响)many factors, one of which is climate. (2) Most people present at the meeting _____________________(被深深地打动) his speech. (3) The new medicine which the patient had taken soon_______________________. is affected by were deeply affected by took effect/come into effect 9. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 避难处；居所 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险） ①take shelter from… 躲避… give sb shelter for the night给某人提供过夜之处 under one’s shelter(=under the shelter of sb)受到某人的保护; 在某人的庇护下 ②shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight 避雨/风/阳光 shelter…from… 使……免受…… (1)The government opened ________________（一个收容所）to provide temporary (临时的) housing for the city’s homeless. (2)Firefighters risked their own lives to ___________the local people 　　　　　　the burning fire.   消防队员冒着生命危险,保护当地居民免受大火的伤害。 (3)The church　　　　　　　 the homeless children 　　　　　　　　　　　the winter night.   这个教堂在冬天给那些无家可归的孩子提供过夜的地方。 (4)Children 　　　　　　　　　　(在…庇护下) his or her parents are likely to be spoiled（宠坏）.  a shelter shelter from gives shelter for under the shelter of ①in shock 震惊;吃惊 be a great shock to sb./ come as a shock to sb. 让某人大为震惊 ②shocked adj. 震惊的;惊讶的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 be shocked at/by… 对…感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 对做某事很吃惊 culture shock 文化冲击 10. shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊 【巧学助记】 The __________ news ___________ all the people around, which was also ___________ to people all over the country. 这个令人震惊的消息震惊了周围所有的人,也让全国各地 的人们大为震惊。 (1)I was in (a state of) shock for about two weeks after the accident. 翻译：______________________________________________ (2)Her mother’s death came as 　　　　　　　　　　　(让……大为震惊) her—it was so unexpected.   (3)The parents 　　　　　　　　　　(感到震惊) the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.   (4)When questioned, he 　　　　　　　　　　　(太震惊了以至于不能) give an account of (叙述)what had happened when the attack took place.  shocking shocked a shock 事故发生后,我大概有两个星期都惊魂未定。 a shock to were shocked at/by was too shocked to 20 ①trap sb into (doing) sth 　　诱使某人(做)某事 be trapped in… 困在……中;陷在……中 ②fall into a trap掉入陷阱;落入圈套 [温馨提示] trap 的过去式、过去分词、现在分词 分别为:trapped; trapped; trapping。 11. trap vt. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱;圈套 (1)The police _________ the thief ________handing in everything he had stolen. 警察诱使这个小偷交出他偷的所有的物品。 (2) 　　　　　　(被困在) a burning building, the two men had nothing to do but wait for death.   (3)Once you 　　　　　　　　　　(落入圈套), it will not be easy to get out of it.  trapped into Trapped in fall into a trap 22 过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为: buried; buried; burying ①bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth 　 埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事 ②be buried in thought 陷入沉思 ③bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面 12.bury vt. 埋葬;安葬 (1)I was looking for my handbag, which _____________ under a pile of old newspapers. 我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。 (2)She ________________________________________ (双手掩面) and wept when she heard the bad news.   (3)同义句改写She buried herself in her work and didn’t notice what was happening around. →She ____________________her work and didn’t notice what was happening around. was buried buried her face in her hands was buried in breathe in 吸气 breathe out 呼气 breath n. 呼吸；呼吸的空气 out of breath 喘不过气 take a deep breath 深深吸一口气 ③breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 breathlessly adv. 气喘地，屏息地 13. breathe　vi.& vt. (to move air into and out of the lungs)呼吸 When you’re breathing deeply, you’re breathing some fresh air in. 翻译:____________________________________________________ (2) By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite __________________________________ (上气不接下气).  (3) He ran _________________ (气喘吁吁地) into the house and burst into the room without knocking.   当你深呼吸时,你就会吸入一些新鲜空气。 out of breath breathlessly ①make efforts/an effort to do sth努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力/尽力去做某事 ②with (an) effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地 14. effort　n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later. 翻译：____________________________ (2)As far as I’m concerned, you should 　　　　　　 　(更加努力) to study hard.   (3)The government is determined 　　　　　　　　(不遗余力) to look into this case thoroughly.  我真的相信你的努力迟早会有所回报的。 make a greater effort to spare no effort ①suffer loss/punishment/hardship/defeat/hunger/poverty/misfortune; suffer from a bad cold/headaches/trouble/overwork/floods/droughts/a natural disaster　 ②sufferer n. 受苦者;受难者 ③suffering n. [U]痛苦;[C]苦恼(常用复数形式) 15. suffer　vt.遭受;蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (1) I hate to see animals 　　　　 　　　　　 (受苦)due to people’s fault.   (2) The company 　　　　　 　　 　　 (遭受了重大损失) as a result of the accident.   (3) She 　　　　　　　 　　 (患……病) the heart trouble for years, so she has to take some suffer/suffering suffer a great/heavy loss has suffered from The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. a supply of一批,一定量的 in short supply 供应不足school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品 supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth (=offer sth to sb) provide sth for sb (=provide sb with sth) 16. supply n.补给品;供应(量);补给; 物资 vt.供应;供给 (1) The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 翻译：_____________________________________________ (2)Potatoes are 　　　　　　　　　　(供应不足)because of the bad harvest.   (3)一句多译: 没有必要担心,我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。 ①There is no need to worry. We can 　　　　　　　you with whatever you need.   ②There is no need to worry. We can 　　　　　　　whatever you need to you.  ③There is no need to worry. We can 　　　　　　　whatever you need for you.  向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。 in short supply supply/provide supply/offer provide ①survive the accident/war/earthquake 在事故/战争/地震后幸存 survive on…(=live on…) 靠……活下来;靠……生存 survive sb (by…)比某人活得久 ②survivor n.幸存者;生还者 ③ survival n.幸存,生存 17.survive vi. 生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过 【巧学助记】 He was the only _______ that ______________________, but he didn’t __________ long, and even didn’t __________________. 他是幸免于这起事故的唯一幸存者,但他活得不长,甚至不比他的父亲活的时间长。 (1) He 　　　　　　 　　　　　(在车祸中幸存了下来), but his car was damaged beyond repair.   (2) I don’t know how you all managed to　　　　　　　　　(靠……生存) your small salary.   (3) He died in 1990 but his wife 　　　　　　　　　　(比他多活) another 20 years.  survivor survived the accident survive survive his father survived the car accident survive on survived him by ①be in power 执政;掌权 come to/into power 上台;执政 do all in one’s power 竭尽全力做某事 ②beyond/out of one’s power力所不能及 a power cut/failure 停电 power lines 电线 ③powerful adj. 强健的;强而有力的 powerless adj. 无影响力的;无权力的 18. power n.电力供应;能量;力量;能力;影响力;统治,政权 (1)After ______________________(上台后), the new president gave a wonderful speech on TV. (2)The government 　　　　　　　　　　　(执政)for twenty years, and is still going strong.   (3)It is　　　　　　　　　　(超出了我的能力范围) to finish the task in two hours.   (4)The hotel guests 　　　　　　　　　　　(拼尽全力)to escape from the burning building.   (5)一词多义 ①The army took control of the city after the president’s fall from power. 　　　　　　  ②There was a power cut and all the lights went out. 　　　　　　  ③As we all know, the media have a lot of power today. 　　　　　　  ④It is the power of speech that makes men clearly different from animals. 　　　　　　  coming to/into power has been in power beyond my power did all in their power 权力，政权 电源，电力供应 影响力 能力 ①first aid kit急救箱 give first aid to sb 对某人进行急救 with the aid/help of…在……的帮助下 come/go to one’s aid 来/去帮助某人 ②aid sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb with sth 用某物帮助某人 aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 19. aid　n.(support or help)援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助;援助 (1) Having learned that I was in trouble, he 　　　　　　　　　　　　(赶来帮助我) without delay.   (2) Neighbors 　　　　　　　　　　(用钱来帮助他) when he almost lost everything in the fire.   (3)句式改写 With the aid of my English teacher, I have made great progress in English this term. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 me, I have made great progress in English this term. (用“with+宾语+宾补”改写)  came to my aid aided him with money With my English teacher aiding ①crash into 撞击,碰撞 crash down倒下;坠落 ②a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事 20. crash vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n. 撞车;碰撞 (1)She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. 翻译：_________________________________________ (2)The plane 　　　　　　　(撞到)a fence and burst into flames shortly after it took off.   (3)No one in the plane survived the crash; it　　　　　　　　　　 into pieces(坠落撞成 了碎片).  (4)一词多义 ①His company crashed last year because it was poorly run. 　　　　　　  ②My computer crashed, and we couldn’t get it working again. 　　　　　　  ③The plane crashed, killing all its passengers and crew. 　　　　　　  ④Don’t brake suddenly, for the car behind might crash into you. 　　　　　　  她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。 crashed into crashed down 破产，失败 死机，崩溃 坠毁 碰撞 ①be struck by/with/on… 　被…击中；(引申义)被…打动, 迷恋… It suddenly strikes sb that (=It occurs to sb that)…某人突然想到… ②on strike 在罢工 go on strike 开始罢工，举行罢工 21. strike　(struck, struck/stricken) vi. & vt.侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击 (1) Mary 　　　　　　　　　(被……迷住) her beauty when she saw the film star at the first sight.   (2) Just as I was going downstairs,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我突然想到) that I had left the door unlocked.   (3) The city’s bus drivers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(罢工) for three weeks. (4)  一词多义 ①Her car went out of control and struck an oncoming vehicle. 　　　　　　  ②A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning. 　　　　　　  ③The clock was striking ten as we went into the church. 　　 　　　　  ④She struck a match and lit another cigarette. 　　　　　　  was struck by it suddenly struck me have been on strike 撞击，碰撞 侵袭 （时钟）敲，鸣，报时 擦，划（火柴） ①deliver food and supplies 运送食物和物资 deliver milk/newspapers 送牛奶/报纸 deliver a lecture/speech (on…) 做(关于…)讲座/演讲 deliver sth. (over) to sb. 把---移交/传递给某人 deliver a baby 接生婴儿 be delivered of a baby 生小孩 ②delivery n. 投递;送货 express delivery快递 delivery man送货员 22. deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达；发表；移交；接生 (1)When the sale is completed, you must deliver the house over to the new owner. 翻译：________________________________________________ (2)All the good traditions must 　　　　　　　　　　　(被传递给) the younger generations.   (3)Professor Li will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(做关于……的讲座) Shakespeare in the school hall on Saturday afternoon.  买卖成交后,你必须把房子移交给新主人。 be delivered to deliver a lecture on Thanks ！ $