Unit 4 Grammar 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版九年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦外研版九年级上册Unit 4 Heroes中who引导的定语从句这一核心知识点，作为初中语法最后模块，从先行词、引导词、定语从句的基础概念切入，结合课文赵一曼相关例句，构建“概念解析-成分判断-实例应用”的学习支架，系统梳理who作主语、whom作宾语的用法。 该资料亮点在于融合文化意识与思维品质，以赵一曼事迹为语料渗透家国情怀，通过“还原法”引导学生分析从句成分培养逻辑思维。课堂“猜人物”活动提升语言表达能力，综合训练涵盖填空、单选等题型，课中辅助教师高效教学，课后助力学生巩固知识查漏补缺。

Unit 4 Heroes 语法讲义 外研版(2022年版课程标准修订) 九年级上册 语法板块:定语从句(1):who 引导的定语从句 从本单元起进入初中语法的最后一座山:定语从句。教材附录 p132–133 把它拆成三样东西来讲——先行词(被修饰的词)、引导词(连接先行词与从句的词)、定语从句(说明先行词的那句话)。本单元只学指人的 who。课文《What was she like?》写赵一曼,里面的句子正好都是 who 从句——she was a kind person who always thought of others first.(她是一个总先为他人着想的善良的人。)I realised that Zhao Yiman was a hero who would live forever in Chinese people's hearts.(我明白了赵一曼是一位会永远活在中国人民心中的英雄。)看清 who 在从句里做什么,本单元的题目就迎刃而解。 一、先认识三样东西:先行词、引导词、定语从句 拿课文里的一个句子做解剖,本单元的概念一次就懂—— 句子成分 指什么 课文例证(教材 p52–53) 先行词 被修饰的人(本单元限定为人) a kind person/a brave soldier/a hero/a gentle mother 引导词 who,把先行词与从句连起来 She was a brave soldier who never gave in.(教材 p55 活动 5(a)) 定语从句 说明先行词的那句话 …who always thought of others first.(教材 p52 课文) 课文里四个 who 从句连起来读,结构一模一样—— …she was a kind person who always thought of others first. 她是一个总先为他人着想的善良的人。 I realised that Zhao Yiman was a hero who would live forever in Chinese people's hearts. 我明白了赵一曼是一位会永远活在中国人民心中的英雄。 Between the lines, I saw a gentle mother who chose to give her life for her country. 字里行间,我看到一位选择为国捐躯的温柔母亲。 学生常错|学生最常见的错是漏掉 who,把两个谓语硬连在一起:She was a kind person always thought of others first. 要提醒他们:定语从句里的 who 是「粘合剂」,它既是连接词、又是从句的主语,缺了它句子就散架。 二、who 作主语:从句里缺主语时用它 判断用不用 who,方法很实在:把先行词放回从句里,看从句缺什么成分。缺主语,就用 who。 She was a brave soldier who never gave in. 她是一名从不屈服的勇敢战士。(who = soldier,在从句里作主语) How could a woman who loved her young son leave him behind? 一位深爱幼子的女人怎么能把他丢下呢?(who = woman,作从句 loved 的主语;教材 p55 活动 5(b)) 还原一遍就明白了:把 soldier 放回从句 The soldier never gave in.,从句缺主语,所以用 who 顶上。这个「还原法」是本单元最实用的判断工具。 课堂这样讲|讲这一节,最有效的做法就是带着学生做「还原」:先把从句单独抄在一行,把先行词放回原位,读一遍,再看缺的是主语还是宾语。缺主语用 who,缺宾语用 whom——不用背规则,做三次还原就能自己总结出来。 三、whom 作宾语:从句里缺宾语时用它 从句里缺宾语,就用 whom(口语里也可以用 who 或直接省略)。 I took some photos for the volunteers whom I met during the event. 我为在活动中碰到的志愿者们拍了一些照片。(附录 p133) 还原试试:I met the volunteers during the event.——volunteers 是 met 的宾语,所以从句里缺宾语,用 whom。 从句缺什么 用哪个词 例句 主语 who She was a brave soldier who never gave in. 宾语 whom(口语可用 who 或省略) the volunteers whom I met during the event 中考考法 单选有三个判断点:① 先行词是人 who 或 whom(指物才用 which,这是最大失分点);② 从句缺主语 who,缺宾语 whom(口语里用 who 也可以);③ whose 表示「某人的」,后面必须跟名词(the boy whose father is a fireman)。做题顺序建议是:先看先行词是人还是物,再做还原看缺什么成分,两步定答案。 四、难点突破:who 还是 whom 难点突破|还原先行词,一步看清缺主还是缺宾 难点是什么|学生在 who 与 whom 之间凭感觉选,也常在从句里重复宾语:the volunteers whom I met them during the event;另一些学生忘了定语从句要紧跟先行词,中间插入别的成分。 学生为什么错|who 与 whom 的区别本质上是主格与宾格的区别,汉语里没有这个标记;学生也习惯了汉语的「我碰到的那些志愿者」这种语序,容易在从句里把宾语再说一遍。 怎么判断(可教给学生的话)| (1) 第一步:找出先行词(被修饰的人)。 (2) 第二步:把先行词放回从句里的原位,读一遍这个从句。 (3) 第三步:看从句缺什么。缺主语 who;缺宾语 whom(口语可用 who,或直接省略)。 (4) 第四步:检查是否重复。从句里不能再出现一个指代先行词的代词(whom I met them )。 教材例证|教材 p55 活动 5(b) 原句:How could a woman who loved her young son leave him behind? 先行词是 a woman,放回从句 A woman loved her young son.,从句缺主语,所以用 who。换成另一句 the volunteers whom I met,放回后 I met the volunteers.,volunteers 是宾语,所以用 whom。 当堂变式|① He's the boy won the photo competition last year!(缺主语 who)② Thanks to everyone entered the competition.(缺主语 who)③ 改错:the volunteers whom I met them during the event the volunteers whom I met during the event. 一句话纠偏|一句话:把先行词放回从句,缺主语用 who,缺宾语用 whom,从句里不再重复那个词。 五、课堂这样讲:用身边的人物做定语从句 课堂这样讲|这个单元最好用「猜人物」来上。老师描述班里的某位同学,不说名字,只说特征:She is a girl who always helps others with maths. 让学生猜是谁。猜出来后换学生来描述,要求每人说一句 who 从句。话题是熟人,句子又短,两三分钟就能全班轮一遍。 课堂这样讲|讲还原法时,可以设计成填空题:给出先行词与从句,中间空一格,让学生判断填 who 还是 whom。每做一题要求先做还原、再填词,把这个动作变成习惯。等他们熟练了,做题速度会比背规则的学生快一倍。 学生常错|写作里提醒一句:定语从句要紧跟先行词,中间不要插入其他成分。写成 She was a kind person and who always… 之类就错了。 六、综合训练(共 40 分) 练习一 用 who 或 whom 填空(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 1. He's the boy won the photo competition last year! 2. Thanks to everyone entered the competition. 3. I took some photos for the volunteers I met during the event. 4. She was a kind person always thought of others first. 5. How could a woman loved her young son leave him behind? 练习二 单项选择(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 1. Zhao Yiman was a hero will live forever in Chinese people's hearts. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 2. The nurse we met in the hospital is my aunt. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 3. Do you know the boy father is a fireman? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 4. The teacher praised the students helped clean the library. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 5. I still remember the doctor saved the little girl's life. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 练习三 合并句子(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 1. Lin Tao has an aunt. She wrote a book about Chinese heroes last year.(教材 p55 活动 6 原题) 2. We should remember the soldiers. They gave their lives for our country.(教材 p55 活动 6 原题) 3. I saw a gentle mother. She chose to give her life for her country. 4. The volunteer helped us a lot. We met him at the event. 5. She is a kind person. She always thinks of others first. 练习四 语篇填空(用 who 或 whom 填空,每空 2 分,共 10 分) Zhao Yiman was a heroine 1. will live forever in Chinese people's hearts. Between the lines of her story, I saw a gentle mother 2. chose to give her life for her country. The teacher 3. told us the story has visited her hometown. She said that the volunteers 4. we met in the museum also admired her greatly. Every year, many people 5. love their country visit her memorial. 参考答案与解析 练习一:1. who(先行词 the boy,从句缺主语,教材附录 p132 原句)。2. who(先行词 everyone,从句缺主语,教材附录 p133 原句)。3. whom(先行词 the volunteers,从句缺宾语,教材附录 p133 原句)。4. who(先行词 a kind person,从句缺主语,教材 p52 课文原句)。5. who(先行词 a woman,从句缺主语,教材 p55 活动 5(b) 原句)。 练习二:1. B(先行词是人,从句缺主语)。2. B(先行词 the nurse 是人,从句缺宾语,用 whom;口语里用 who 也接受,但按正式用法选 whom)。3. C(whose father 表示「他的父亲」,whose 后跟名词)。4. C(先行词 the students 是人,从句缺主语)。5. D(先行词 the doctor 是人,从句缺主语)。 练习三:1. Lin Tao has an aunt who wrote a book about Chinese heroes last year.2. We should remember the soldiers who gave their lives for our country.3. I saw a gentle mother who chose to give her life for her country.(教材 p53 课文原句结构)。4. The volunteer who / whom we met at the event helped us a lot.5. She is a kind person who always thinks of others first.(教材 p52 课文原句结构)。 练习四:1. who(从句缺主语)。2. who(从句缺主语)。3. who(从句缺主语,修饰 the teacher)。4. whom(从句缺宾语:we met the volunteers)。5. who(从句缺主语)。解析:五个空只需做一件事——把先行词放回从句,看缺主语还是宾语。缺主语一律 who,只有第 4 空是缺宾语,故选 whom。 速记口诀 先行词,指的是人,who 来连接随后跟;从句缺主 who 站岗,缺了宾语 whom 登场;还原先行词进从句,主宾分工自分明;指物的 which 别乱串,who 只跟人不跟物。 外研版九年级上册 Unit 4 语法讲义(Heroes) 第 页 / 共 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $