Units1-6语法知识讲解与练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦外研版八年级上册Units 1—6核心语法，系统梳理现在完成时（基础结构、标志词及have been to/gone to区别，与for/since连用及瞬间动词转换）、动词不定式（作宾语、宾补、目的状语）、动名词作宾语、过去进行时（when/while时态搭配）等知识点，形成由浅入深的连贯学习支架。 资料以课文例句引入语法点，分模块讲解句型、重难点及易错点，配套单选、填空、翻译等多样化训练及解析。通过现在完成时标志词辨析、动词不定式用法对比等实例，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，培养分析推断的思维品质，助力掌握学习策略，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主巩固、查漏补缺。

外研版（2026）八年级上册 Units 1—6 语法知识讲解与练习 Unit 1 现在完成时（一） Unit 1 的课文里反复出现这样的句子： I haven't told Maddie the whole story yet. 我还没有把整个故事告诉马迪。 I have already learnt that I am what I am. 我已经明白了：我就是我。 这里的 have told、have learnt 就是现在完成时：由"have / has＋动词的过去分词"构成，表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有关——或者已经完成并对现在产生影响，或者持续到现在，或者到目前为止经历了多少次。课本提醒我们：大部分动词的过去分词是规则的，但下面这些不规则变化必须记牢。 be—was / were—been　　do—did—done　　go—went—gone　　see—saw—seen　　eat—ate—eaten　　find—found—found　　make—made—made　　put—put—put 一、三种句型 现在完成时的变化只发生在助动词 have / has 上，后面的动词永远是过去分词。第三人称单数用 has，其余人称一律用 have。 人称 肯定句 否定句 疑问句及回答 第一、二人称 I / We have seen the report. / You have been to England. I / We haven't seen the report. / You haven't been to England. —Have you seen the report? —Yes, I / we have. / No, I / we haven't. 第三人称 He / She has been to Los Angeles. He / She hasn't been to Los Angeles. —Has he / she been to Los Angeles? —Yes, he / she has. / No, he / she hasn't. 二、just / already / yet：三个高频标志词 just（刚刚）和 already（已经）用在肯定句中，放在 have / has 之后；yet（还、尚未）用在否定句和疑问句中，放在句末。 I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。 Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经登上过月球。 The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。 ever（曾经）常用于疑问句：Have you ever won a prize? 你得过奖吗？never（从未）本身表示否定，句中不能再加 not。 三、重难点突破 1．have been to、have gone to 与 have been in have been to 表示"去过"，人已回来；have gone to 表示"去了"，人还没回来；have been in 表示"一直待在某地"。用"人现在在哪儿"来判断： —Where is Lucy? —She has gone to the library.（人不在，去了还没回来） I have been to Beijing twice.（去过，人已回来） My uncle has been in Shanghai for ten years.（在上海待了十年，人还在那儿） 2．现在完成时与一般过去时 判断标准：句中有明确的过去时间状语（yesterday，last week，in 2020，two days ago），只能用一般过去时；没有过去时间、强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时。课本里的对话就是典型例子： —Where have you put my book? I can't find it. 你把我的书放哪儿了？我找不到了。（强调现在找不到，用完成时） —I put it on your desk. 我放在你桌上了。（只说明当时的位置，用一般过去时） 再比较：I have been to London. I went there last month. 我去过伦敦，是上个月去的。前一句谈"去过"这一经历，后一句说过去的具体时间。 ［易错警示］already 不能用于否定句，不能说 I haven't already seen it；否定句要改用 yet 并放在句末。never 已含否定意义，句中不再加 not。 ［考点聚焦］本单元考点集中在三处：① 标志词 just / already / yet / ever / never / so far 的选用；② have been to 与 have gone to 的区别；③ 现在完成时与一般过去时的判断。做题时先找时间标志，再判断"动作对现在有没有影响"。 语法训练 一、单项选择 1. I ______ just ______ my long hair. Now I feel much cooler. A. have; cut B. has; cut C. did; cut D. am; cutting 2. She ______ never ______ about her looks before. A. /; worried B. has; worried C. have; worried D. did; worry 3. —______ you ever ______ a prize at school? —Yes, once. A. Did; win B. Have; won C. Do; win D. Were; winning 4. —Has Tom finished his homework ______? —No, not ______. A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. already; already 5. My aunt ______ all over the world many times. A. travels B. travelled C. has travelled D. will travel 6. —Where is Chris? —He ______ to the art room. You can find him there. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. will go 7. —I have watched the film twice. —Really? When ______ you ______ it? A. do; watch B. did; watch C. have; watched D. will; watch 8. Hurry up! The film ______ already ______. A. has; begun B. have; begun C. did; begin D. was; beginning 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (see) the film, so I don't want to see it again. 2. ______ you ever ______ (win) any prizes? 3. She ______ just ______ (finish) her homework. 4. My parents ______ (not hear) from my uncle yet. 5. —Where is Tom? —He ______ (go) to the library. 6. I ______ just ______ (paint) a beautiful flower on my face. 7. I ______ (learn) that I am what I am over the years. 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子） 1. She has already finished the work. (改为否定句) 2. They have cleaned the classroom. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) 3. He has gone to the school library. (对 gone to the school library 提问) 4. I have just seen the film. (改为一般疑问句) 四、句子翻译 1. 我已经剪了长发。(cut my long hair) 2. 你以前戴过眼镜吗？(ever, wear glasses) 3. 杰西卡已经改变了对自己的看法。(change her opinion) 4. 科学家们还没有收到它发出的信息。(yet) 五、语篇填空（用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文） I 1______ (always, be) the tallest student in my class, and I always sit in the last row at school. I 2______ (never, want) to get in my classmates' way! People often look at me in surprise and say, "You must be good at basketball!" I 3______ (hear) that many, many times! In fact, I'm not very good at basketball, but I just laugh. Still, being tall is not bad. People can recognise me easily, and I can help others get things down. Over time, I 4______ (learn) to accept my height, and now I'm proud of myself. 语法训练答案 一、单项选择 1．A。主语 I 用 have，just 放在 have 之后，动词用过去分词 cut（原形与过去分词同形）。 2．B。never 是现在完成时的标志词，主语 she 用 has worried。 3．B。ever 表示"曾经"，用于现在完成时的疑问句：Have you ever won...? 4．C。疑问句和否定句用 yet 且放在句末；already 只用于肯定句。 5．C。many times 表示到目前为止多次，用现在完成时，主语 my aunt 是第三人称单数。 6．B。"人不在"说明去了还没回来，用 has gone to；has been to 表示"去过（已回来）"，与语境矛盾。 7．B。问的是过去看这部电影的具体时间，用一般过去时 did you watch；用现在完成时问"什么时候看过"是错的。 8．A。already 用于肯定句，主语 the film 是第三人称单数，begin 的过去分词是 begun。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．have seen（看过，所以"不想再看"，对现在有影响） 2．Have; won（ever 提示现在完成时疑问句） 3．has; finished（just 放在 has 之后） 4．haven't heard（yet 用于否定句） 5．has gone（人不在，去了图书馆） 6．have; painted（just 放在 have 之后） 7．have learnt（over the years 这些年来，持续到现在） 三、句型转换 1．She hasn't finished the work yet.（already 改为 yet 并后置） 2．Have they cleaned the classroom? Yes, they have. 3．Where has he gone? 4．Have you just seen the film? 四、句子翻译 1．I have cut my long hair. 或 I have just cut my long hair. 2．Have you ever worn glasses before? 3．Jessica has already changed her opinion on herself. 4．The scientists have not heard from it yet. 五、语篇填空 1．have always been　2．have never wanted　3．have heard　4．have learnt（美式英语可写 have learned） Unit 2 现在完成时（二） Unit 2 课文《自私的巨人》开头就有这样两句： The Giant has been away for a long time. 巨人已经离开很长时间了。 Since then, he hasn't seen a child there. 从那以后，他在那里再没见过一个孩子。 要表达某一行为或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，就用现在完成时，并且要与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。 一、for 与 since 的分工 for 后接一段时间：for three months，for a long time，for the past 17 years；since 后接过去的时间点：since Friday，since 2018，since his 70th birthday，也可以接一个一般过去时的从句：since they first met（自从他们第一次见面）。 判断方法：能回答 How long（多长时间）的用 for；能回答 Since when（从什么时候起）的用 since。对这段时间提问用 how long： How long have you had the dog? 这条狗你养了多久了？ How long have you been like this? 你这样子有多久了？ 二、重难点突破：瞬间动词要"变身" 现在完成时与 for / since 连用时，动词必须能延续。buy、die、leave、join、come 这类瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用，要换成相应的延续性说法。这是本单元最重要的考点： buy → have had　　die → have been dead　　leave → have been away　　join → have been in（或 have been a member of）　　come / arrive → have been here　　borrow → have kept 正误对比： （✗）The Giant has left for a long time. （✓）The Giant has been away for a long time. （✗）I have bought this bike for two years. （✓）I have had this bike for two years. 三、同一件事，三种时态 课本用"在酒店住一周"作对比：终止时间不同，时态就不同。 I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.（去年夏天的事，用一般过去时） I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.（持续到现在，用现在完成时） I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.（下个月的事，用一般将来时） 另外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的累积：I have learnt 20 English songs. 我已经学会了 20 首英文歌；I have collected 300 stamps. 我已经收集了 300 枚邮票。so far（到目前为止）是常见标志词。 ［易错警示］句中出现 last summer、yesterday、in 2018 等明确的过去时间状语时，即使带有 for 短语也只能用一般过去时：I stayed there for a week last summer. ［考点聚焦］① for 与 since 的选择；② how long 提问；③ 瞬间动词的延续性转换（buy→have had，die→been dead，join→been in，leave→been away）。第③点几乎每年都考，务必把转换表背熟。 语法训练 一、单项选择 1. We have been friends ______ Grade 3. A. for B. since C. at D. on 2. They have been together ______ three years. A. for B. since C. from D. in 3. —______ have you been like this? —Since last Friday. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 4. My uncle ______ in this factory for ten years. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work 5. —How long ______ you ______ this bike? —For about a year. A. did; have B. have; had C. do; have D. will; have 6. They ______ each other since they left school. A. don't see B. didn't see C. haven't seen D. won't see 7. I ______ 300 stamps so far. A. collected B. have collected C. collect D. will collect 8. —I have stayed in the hotel for a week now. —Really? I ______ there for a week last summer. A. stay B. stayed C. have stayed D. will stay 9. His grandfather has been ______ for five years. A. died B. dying C. dead D. die 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My parents ______ (know) each other for twenty years. 2. How long ______ you ______ (have) this computer? 3. He ______ (collect) 200 stamps since last year. 4. I ______ (stay) in the hotel for a week last summer. 5. They ______ (not see) each other since 2020. 6. My aunt ______ (buy) the car in 2020. She ______ (have) it for six years now. 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子） 1. He has had the dog for three months. (对 for three months 提问) 2. We have played football for a year. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) 3. I have been like this since Friday. (改为一般疑问句) 4. She has lived here since 2018. (用 how long 提问) 四、句子翻译 1. 巨人已经离开很长时间了。(be away) 2. 从那以后，他再没见过一个孩子。(since then) 3. 这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。(have the dog) 4. 我已经收集了 300 枚邮票。(collect) 五、语篇填空（用所给动词的适当形式或 for / since 完成短文） Most people hope to receive birthday gifts. But Jimmy, or "Uncle Jimmy", does things differently. The 74-year-old man has sold ice creams 1______ the past 17 years in Singapore. Every year, on 22 March — his birthday — he offers free ice creams. He has done this 2______ his 70th birthday. "People 3______ (be) quite stressed recently and I want to help," he said. "Sharing has made me feel happy 4______ the past four years." He enjoys talking with his customers. Many of them have become his friends 5______ they first met. Some students helped him set up social media pages. He has made many friends online 6______ then. 语法训练答案 一、单项选择 1．B。Grade 3 是过去的时间点，since 接时间点。 2．A。three years 是一段时间，for 接一段时间。 3．B。答语 Since last Friday 回答的是"持续多久"，用 how long 提问。 4．C。for ten years 表示持续至今，用现在完成时。 5．B。对现在完成时的谓语提问：How long have you had...?（have 的过去分词仍是 had） 6．C。since they left school 表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时的否定式。 7．B。so far 是现在完成时的标志词。 8．B。last summer 是明确的过去时间，即使有 for a week 也用一般过去时。 9．C。die 是瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用，"去世五年"用 have been dead。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．have known（for twenty years 持续到现在） 2．have; had 3．has collected（since last year） 4．stayed（last summer 是过去时间） 5．haven't seen（since 2020） 6．bought; has had（in 2020 用一般过去时；for six years now 要求延续性动词 have had） 三、句型转换 1．How long has he had the dog? 2．Have you played football for a year? No, we haven't. 3．Have you been like this since Friday? 4．How long has she lived here? 四、句子翻译 1．The Giant has been away for a long time. 2．Since then, he hasn't seen a child. 3．I have had the dog for three months now. 4．I have collected 300 stamps. 五、语篇填空 1．for　2．since　3．have been　4．for　5．since　6．since Unit 3 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 Unit 3 的课文讲述了莉莉为患病的爷爷发明"三只腿的杯子"的故事。课文中有这样两句： He always tried to improve his work. 他总是设法改进自己的作品。 He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. 他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。 try 后面接 to do，enjoy 后面接 doing——这正是本单元的语法：动词不定式和动名词都可以作宾语，但哪些动词接哪一种，需要专门记忆。 一、只接不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有 want，need，decide，plan，hope，offer，learn，agree 等，都表示"想要、打算、希望去做某事"。 Lily decided to design a new cup to help him. 莉莉决定设计一种新杯子来帮助他。 Blind students wished to have a smart machine to warn them. 盲人学生希望有一台智能机器提醒他们。 We only planned to watch for an hour. 我们原本只打算看一个小时。 二、只接动名词作宾语的动词 常见的有 enjoy，practise，finish，keep，mind，avoid 等。 She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world. 她喜欢了解世界各地不同的文化和传统。 He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day. 他每天练习两个小时吉他。 Grandpa enjoyed using it! 爷爷用得很开心！ 记忆口诀：完成 finish、练习 practise、享受 enjoy、保持 keep、介意 mind、避免 avoid——这六个词后面只跟 doing。 三、重难点突破：remember / forget / stop 的两种含义 这三个词后面接 to do 和 doing 意思不同，是本单元最重要的考点： remember to do 记得要去做（还没做）；remember doing 记得做过（已经做了）。 You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 出门前一定要记得锁门。（门还没锁） I remember seeing her somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过她。（已经见过） forget to do 忘记要去做（没做成）；forget doing 忘记做过（做了却忘了）。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止手头正在做的事。 He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来去休息。 They stopped talking when the teacher came in. 老师进来时他们停止了说话。 区分方法：to do 指向"还没发生的动作"，doing 指向"已经发生的动作"；stop 后接 to do 时，stop 的宾语其实是"另一件事"。 ［易错警示］介词后面一律用动名词：be good at swimming，thank you for helping me，instead of watching TV。like，love，start，begin，hate 后面接两种形式意思基本相同，但 start / begin 用于进行时时要接 to do：It's starting to rain. ［考点聚焦］① 根据前面的动词决定用 to do 还是 doing；② remember / forget / stop 的意义辨析（"做没做"是判断关键）；③ 介词后用 doing。 语法训练 一、单项选择 1. Lily decided ______ a new cup to help her grandpa. A. design B. designing C. to design D. designed 2. He enjoys ______ problems one after another. A. fix B. fixing C. to fix D. fixed 3. Please remember ______ the door when you leave. A. to lock B. locking C. lock D. locked 4. —Do you remember ______ her at the school gate? —Of course. She wore a red dress that day. A. to meet B. meeting C. meet D. met 5. The teacher came in, and we stopped ______. A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talked 6. My little brother kept ______ the same question. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 7. The students wished ______ a smart machine to warn them. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 8. Thank you for ______ me with the project. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Lily's grandfather had Parkinson's disease, and he kept ______ (knock) his drinks over. 2. Lily decided ______ (design) a new cup to help him. 3. Grandpa enjoyed ______ (use) it! 4. Shantanu decided ______ (do) something to help the blind. 5. He hoped ______ (apply) his invention to real life after finishing high school. 6. We should practise ______ (speak) English every day. 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子） 1. She enjoys learning about different cultures. (改为否定句) 2. He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day. (对 for two hours 提问) 3. I want to see the Beijing opera. (用 he 改写句子) 4. To learn English well is important. (改为同义句) 四、句子翻译 1. 我们原本只打算看一个小时。(plan to watch) 2. 我希望下次能懂得多一些。(hope to understand) 3. 出门前一定要记得锁门。(remember to lock) 4. 他每天练习弹两个小时吉他。(practise playing) 五、语篇填空（用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文） 17-year-old Shantanu Gangwar noticed a problem. Blind students at school had a hard time moving around. They wished 1______ (have) a smart machine to warn them about the objects in their way, so Shantanu decided 2______ (do) something to help. He invented a smart walking stick. It can sense objects nearby and shake to warn the user. Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention. However, he wanted 3______ (make) it even better. He also hoped 4______ (apply) it to real life after finishing high school. "We can produce a lot of these sticks and help improve blind people's living conditions," he said. Now he keeps 5______ (work) on new ideas and enjoys 6______ (share) them with his classmates. 语法训练答案 一、单项选择 1．C。decide 后接 to do sth。 2．B。enjoy 后接 doing sth。 3．A。"出门前记得锁门"是还没做的事，用 remember to do。 4．B。"那天她穿着红裙子"说明已经见过面，用 remember doing。 5．B。"老师进来，我们停止说话"，停止手头的事用 stop doing；stop to talk 则是"停下来开始说话"，不合语境。 6．C。keep 后接 doing sth，表示持续做某事。 7．B。wish 后接 to do sth。 8．C。for 是介词，后面用动名词 helping。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．knocking（keep doing sth 一直做某事） 2．to design（decide to do sth） 3．using（enjoy doing sth） 4．to do（decide to do sth） 5．to apply（hope to do sth） 6．speaking（practise doing sth） 三、句型转换 1．She doesn't enjoy learning about different cultures. 2．How long does he practise playing the guitar every day? 3．He wants to see the Beijing opera. 4．It is important to learn English well. 四、句子翻译 1．We only planned to watch for an hour. 2．I hope to understand more next time. 3．You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 4．He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day. 五、语篇填空 1．to have　2．to do　3．to make　4．to apply　5．working　6．sharing Unit 4 动词不定式作宾语补足语 Unit 4 课文《Digital shock》里有两句很典型的话： I asked the shopkeeper to show the QR code, but she didn't understand! 我请店主给我看二维码，可她没明白！ The technology there lets me live a more convenient life! 那里的科技让我过上更便利的生活！ 两句都是"动词＋宾语＋动词不定式"的结构：asked the shopkeeper to show...，lets me live...。不定式在这里补充说明宾语"做什么"，叫作宾语补足语。 一、带 to 的宾语补足语 常见动词有 want，tell，ask，invite，allow，choose，encourage，teach 等。 Mobile payment allows us to use our smartphones to pay for things easily. 移动支付让我们能轻松地用手机付款。 Online education helps us learn new things anytime, anywhere. 在线教育让我们随时随地学习新东西。 They taught me to paint bamboo step by step. 他们一步一步教我画竹子。 否定形式把 not 放在 to do 之前： Mr Han told us not to make too much noise. 韩先生告诉我们不要发出太大声音。 Jackie told me not to touch anything. 杰基告诉我什么都不要碰。 二、省略 to 的宾语补足语 make，let，have，see，hear，feel，watch 后面接不带 to 的不定式： Shared bikes have made us get around cities more conveniently. 共享单车让我们的城市出行更方便。 Social media let us connect with others and share our thoughts. 社交媒体让我们与他人联系、分享想法。 I'll have Tony show you around the school. 我会让托尼带你参观校园。 His words made everyone laugh. 他的话让大家哈哈大笑。 记忆口诀："看" see，watch；"听" hear；"感觉" feel；"使让" make，let，have——以上动词的宾补一律不带 to。 三、重难点突破 1．allow 与 make 不要混：allow sb to do 带.to，make sb do 不带 to。考试最爱在 to 上设空：Mobile payment allows us to use... / Shared bikes have made us get... 2．help 比较灵活：help sb (to) do sth，带不带 to 都可以。Digital technology has helped us (to) live a wonderful life. 3．分清"宾语补足语"与"目的状语"：宾补跟在宾语后，说明宾语做什么；目的状语说明主语为什么做这件事。I asked him to help me.（是 him 去 help，宾补）／ I came to help him.（是我来 help 的目的，目的状语）。后者的用法下一单元将专门学习。 ［易错警示］let 和 make 后面不能接 to do，也不能接 doing。tell / ask 类动词的否定式把 not 放在不定式前面：The teacher told us not to talk in the library.；而 let / make 的否定常借助助动词：Don't let him leave. Don't make him cry. ［考点聚焦］① allow / tell / ask / want sb to do 与 make / let sb do 的区别；② tell sb not to do 的否定形式；③ help sb (to) do sth 的灵活用法。 语法训练 一、单项选择 1. Mobile payment allows us ______ our smartphones to pay for things easily. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 2. Shared bikes have made us ______ around cities more conveniently. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 3. Social media let us ______ with others and share our thoughts. A. connecting B. connect C. to connect D. connected 4. Online education helps us ______ new things anytime, anywhere. A. learning B. learned C. learn D. to learning 5. The teacher told us ______ in the library. A. not talk B. don't talk C. not to talk D. to not talk 6. Mum asked me ______ the room before the guests arrived. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 7. His funny story made everyone ______. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 8. —What did the coach ask you ______? —To warm up first. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 Digital technology has helped us 1______ (live) a wonderful life! I love checking out cool pictures and posts on social media. They allow me 2______ (stay) in touch with my friends and share happy moments. I've also learnt a great deal via online learning apps! For example, I took some interesting courses on traditional Chinese painting on an app. They taught me 3______ (paint) bamboo step by step. The app even let me 4______ (check) my daily progress. Such apps also encourage me 5______ (explore) other fun activities. But you have to be careful not 6______ (use) them too much. After all, the offline world is also exciting, right? 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子） 1. The teacher allows us to talk in groups after class. (改为否定句) 2. His words made everyone laugh. (改为一般疑问句) 3. I asked the shopkeeper to show the QR code. (对 the shopkeeper 提问) 4. He wants me to help him with his maths. (改为一般过去时) 四、句子翻译 1. 我请店主给我看二维码。(ask sb to do) 2. 这里的科技让我过上更便利的生活。(let sb do) 3. 韩老师告诉我们不要发出太大声音。(tell sb not to do) 4. 我会让托尼带你参观校园。(have sb do) 五、语篇填空（用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文） Last month I visited my grandparents in a small town. I wanted 1______ (buy) them a gift, so I asked the shopkeeper 2______ (show) me some tea sets. To my surprise, she didn't understand mobile payment. She let me 3______ (pay) in cash and told me 4______ (come) again. On my way back, riding a shared bike made me 5______ (get) home quickly. Digital technology has changed our lives, but we should also help the old 6______ (learn) to use it. 语法训练答案 一、单项选择 1．B。allow sb to do sth 带有 to。 2．A。make sb do sth 不带 to。 3．B。let sb do sth 不带 to。 4．C。help sb (to) do sth，接原形 learn 正确。 5．C。宾补的否定式是 not to do，not 放在不定式之前。 6．B。ask sb to do sth。 7．A。make sb do sth 不带 to。 8．C。ask sb to do sth 的提问：What did the coach ask you to do? 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(to) live（help sb (to) do，两种都对） 2．to stay（allow sb to do） 3．to paint（teach sb to do） 4．check（let sb do） 5．to explore（encourage sb to do） 6．to use（be careful not to do，不定式的否定式） 三、句型转换 1．The teacher doesn't allow us to talk in groups after class. 2．Did his words make everyone laugh? 3．Who did you ask to show the QR code? 4．He wanted me to help him with his maths. 四、句子翻译 1．I asked the shopkeeper to show me the QR code. 2．The technology here lets me live a more convenient life. 3．Mr Han told us not to make too much noise. 4．I'll have Tony show you around the school. 五、语篇填空 1．to buy　2．to show　3．pay　4．to come　5．get　6．(to) learn Unit 5 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式（to do）作目的状语，用来说明谓语动作的意图，回答 "Why...?" 提出的问题，相当于汉语的"为了做某事"。使用时须注意：不定式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。 She got on the train early to find a quiet seat. 她早早上了火车，想找个安静的座位。 To follow the rules at school, we should hand in our homework on time. 为了遵守校规，我们应当按时交作业。 ［拓展］不定式短语放句末最常见；如需突出目的，也可提到句首，用逗号与主句隔开。除 to do sth. 外，还常用 in order to do sth. 和 so as to do sth. 表示目的，三者后都接动词原形。 表达方式 位置 否定形式 使用提示 to do sth. 句首、句末均可 常改用 in order not to do sth. 最常用，口语、书面语通用 in order to do sth. 句首、句末均可 in order not to do sth. 语气正式，目的更突出 so as to do sth. 只能放在句末 so as not to do sth. 不可放在句首 He is saving money in order to buy a new computer. 他在攒钱，想买一台新电脑。 Linda started work early so as to finish it by five. 琳达很早就开始工作，以便五点前完成。 ［注意］否定目的不能直接在 to 前加 not，要说 in order not to do sth. 或 so as not to do sth.。对比： 请把电视音量调小，以免吵醒妹妹。 （✗）Please turn down the TV not to wake up your little sister. （✓）Please turn down the TV in order not to wake up your little sister. ［拓展］目的还可用 so that / in order that 引导的从句表达，从句中常含 can / could / may / might 等情态动词；当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可改写为不定式，句子更简洁。 He wrote down the number so that he would not forget it. → He wrote down the number so as not to forget it. 他把号码写下来，以免忘记。 ［易错辨析］ 1．分清宾语与目的状语：decide、hope、plan 等动词后的 to do 作宾语；谓语动作完整、不定式补充"为什么"时才是目的状语。 He decided to join the basketball team.（to join 作宾语） He joined the basketball team to make more friends.（to make 作目的状语） 2．so as to 不可放在句首，句首只能用 to do 或 in order to do。 （✗）So as to catch the first bus, Tom ran to the stop. （✓）In order to catch the first bus, Tom ran to the stop. 3．不定式的逻辑主语必须是句子主语，否则句子意思不通。 （✗）To learn English well, a good dictionary is necessary. （✓）To learn English well, we need a good dictionary. 4．for 也可表目的，但后面接名词或动名词，不接动词原形：We stopped there for lunch. / We use pens for writing. 语法训练 一、单项选择 1. —Why are you getting up so early? —______ for the exam. A. Prepare B. Preparing C. Prepared D. To prepare 2. My sister is saving money ______ a birthday present for Mum. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 3. Please turn on the light ______ your homework in the evening. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 4. ______ the match more clearly, we chose the seats in the front row. A. To watch B. Watching C. Watch D. Watched 5. ______ the same mistake again, he checked his answers twice. A. Not to make B. In order not to make C. Not making D. Don't make 6. We left a message on the table ______ our parents worry about us. A. in order not to let B. in order to not let C. not to let D. don't let 7. The students are working hard ______ their dream come true. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 8. He spoke more slowly ______ everyone in the room could follow him. A. so as to B. in order to C. so that D. for 9. —Why did you borrow so many books? —______ more about the history of our city. A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learn 10. Mrs Green goes to the park every morning ______ with her dog. A. to walk B. walk C. walking D. walked 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Tom runs for half an hour every day ______ (keep) fit. 2. ______ (get) more information about the summer camp, she searched the Internet. 3. The school opened a reading room ______ (help) us read more books. 4. Please write down the time in your notebook ______ (not forget) it. 5. We should eat more vegetables ______ (stay) healthy. 6. ______ (learn) how to swim, Jack took swimming lessons last summer. 7. The little girl put away her toys ______ (let) her mother have a rest. 8. The workers built the road day and night ______ (finish) it before the rainy season. 三、句型转换（改写句子，使其意思不变） 1. He set his alarm for five o'clock so that he could catch the early train. He set his alarm for five o'clock ________ the early train. 2. Li Hua studies hard in order to enter a good high school.（改为 so that 引导的从句） Li Hua studies hard ________ he can enter a good high school. 3. They set up a website so that they could collect more ideas. They set up a website ________ more ideas. 4. He left home early so that he wouldn't miss the flight. He left home early ________ the flight. 5. The team practised every day. They wanted to win the match.（用动词不定式作目的状语合并为一句） ____________________________________________________________ 四、句子翻译 1. 为了参加学校的运动会，李明每天坚持跑步。(take part in the school sports meeting) 2. 我们最好早点出发，以免堵在路上。(get stuck in the traffic) 3. 妈妈把音乐关小，好让我能专心学习。(turn down the music) 4. 奶奶每天看新闻，是为了了解世界上发生的事情。(learn about) 5. 为了买到便宜的机票，她提前两个月订了票。(book the plane tickets) 五、语篇填空（用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文） David is a Grade 8 student. He loves basketball very much. Last month he decided to join the school basketball team. Now he gets up at half past five every morning __1__ (practise) on the playground. He also changed his eating habits __2__ (become) stronger. On rainy days his father drives him to the playground __3__ (not let) him miss the training. “I work hard every day __4__ (help) my team win the next match,” says David. Last week the team held a meeting __5__ (talk) about the coming match, and David raised his hand first __6__ (share) his ideas. He has __7__ (make) friends with many teammates since then. 语法训练答案 一、单项选择 1．D 解析：答语回答“为什么起这么早”，省略了主语和谓语，完整形式是 I get up so early to prepare for the exam.，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选 D。 2．B 解析：存钱是为了给妈妈买生日礼物，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选 B。 3．C 解析：晚上开灯是为了写作业，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选 C。 4．A 解析：不定式放在句首作目的状语，与主句用逗号隔开；Watching 多表示时间或伴随，与句意不符。故选 A。 5．B 解析：不定式作目的状语的否定形式用 in order not to do sth.，不能写成 not to do sth.，也不能写成 in order to not do sth.。故选 B。 6．A 解析：留纸条是为了不让父母担心，否定形式用 in order not to let...。故选 A。 7．C 解析：努力学习是为了让梦想成真，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选 C。 8．C 解析：设空处后面是一个完整的句子，so that 后接从句；so as to 和 in order to 后只能接动词原形，for 是介词，三者都不能接句子。故选 C。 9．D 解析：答语省略了主语和谓语，完整形式是 I borrowed so many books to learn more about the history of our city.。故选 D。 10．A 解析：去公园是主句动作，和狗散步是目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选 A。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．to keep（每天跑步是为了保持健康） 2．To get（不定式放在句首作目的状语，用逗号与主句隔开） 3．to help（开放阅览室是为了让我们读到更多的书） 4．in order not to forget（也可写 so as not to forget；不能写成 not to forget） 5．to stay（多吃蔬菜是为了保持健康） 6．To learn（放在句首，用逗号与主句隔开） 7．to let（把玩具收好是为了让妈妈休息一下） 8．to finish（日夜修路是为了在雨季前完工） 三、句型转换 1．in order to catch（也可写 so as to catch） 2．so that 3．in order to collect（也可写 so as to collect） 4．so as not to miss（也可写 in order not to miss） 5．The team practised every day to win the match.（也可写成 To win the match, the team practised every day.） 四、句子翻译 1．To take part in the school sports meeting, Li Ming keeps running every day. 或 Li Ming keeps running every day to take part in the school sports meeting. 2．We'd better start early in order not to get stuck in the traffic. 3．Mum turned down the music so that I could study with full attention. 4．Grandma watches the news every day in order to learn about what is happening in the world. 5．To buy cheap plane tickets, she booked them two months in advance. 五、语篇填空 1．to practise　2．to become　3．in order not to let（或 so as not to let）　4．to help　5．to talk　6．to share　7．made Unit 6 过去进行时 Unit 6 课文把我们带回公元 79 年的庞贝，那一夜是这样的： That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. 那天夜里，大地剧烈摇晃时，我正在睡觉。 We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood. 我们继续前行，此时烟云正像洪水一样在大地上蔓延。 表示"过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作"，要用过去进行时：was / were＋动词的现在分词。它与现在进行时结构相同，只是 am / is / are 换成了 was / were。常与它连用的时间状语有 then，at this / that time，at eight last night，yesterday 等。它还常出现在讲故事的语境中： Alice was sitting with her sister by the river. 爱丽丝正和姐姐坐在河边。 They were having a tea party in the garden. 他们正在花园里举行茶会。 一、句型变化 肯定 否定 一般疑问句及回答 特殊疑问句 I was reading a book at that time. I wasn't reading a book at that time. —Were you reading a book at that time? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. What were you doing at that time? We were having a party at nine last night. We weren't having a party at nine last night. —Were you having a party at nine last night? —Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. What were you doing at nine last night? 二、重难点突破：when 与 while 的时态搭配 这是本单元最重要的考点。when 引导的动作往往短暂，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时；while 引导的动作往往延续，从句用过去进行时。 People were sleeping when the volcano erupted. 火山爆发时，人们正在睡觉。（短暂动作用 when＋一般过去时） While they were walking along the river, a great storm broke out. 他们沿河行走时，暴风雨突然来袭。（延续动作用 while＋过去进行时） While the hurricane was blowing heavily, airlines could not fly in the area. 飓风猛烈肆虐时，航空公司无法在该地区飞行。 判断方法：强调"正在进行的背景"用过去进行时，强调"突然发生的动作"用一般过去时。两个延续动作也可以同时进行：While I was reading, my brother was playing games. 三、过去进行时与一般过去时 过去进行时强调过去某刻"正在做"，动作不一定完成；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，往往已经完成。 I was reading a book at that time.（当时正在读，读没读完不知道） I read a book last night.（昨晚读了，读完了） 注意：过去进行时的句子里，动作发生先后明确、连续发生时用一般过去时：The fire spread quickly and covered the building.（蔓延、吞没两个先后动作） ［易错警示］was / were 不要混用：I / he / she / it 用 was，you / we / they 用 were。现在分词注意特殊拼写：lie—lying，die—dying，run—running。 ［考点聚焦］① when / while 从句的时态搭配；② 过去进行时与一般过去时的选择；③ was / were 的选用与现在分词的拼写。语篇填空中要特别留意：一篇短文里"正在进行的背景"和"突然发生的动作"往往交替出现，逐句判断，不要全篇都填进行时。 语法训练 一、单项选择 1. People ______ when the volcano erupted. A. slept B. were sleeping C. sleep D. are sleeping 2. While they ______ along the river, a great storm broke out. A. walked B. were walking C. are walking D. walk 3. —I called you at eight last night, but you didn't answer. —Sorry. I ______ a shower. A. took B. take C. was taking D. am taking 4. What ______ you ______ at nine last night? A. did; do B. were; doing C. are; doing D. do; do 5. While the hurricane ______ heavily, airlines could not fly in the area. A. blew B. was blowing C. is blowing D. blows 6. My father ______ newspapers when I came home yesterday. A. reads B. read C. was reading D. is reading 7. —Were you having a party at nine last night? —______ A. Yes, we were. B. Yes, we weren't. C. Yes, we are. D. No, we were. 8. I ______ at the railway station when I heard the notice about the rainstorm. A. waited B. was waiting C. wait D. am waiting 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. People ______ (sleep) when the volcano erupted. 2. While they ______ (walk) along the river, a great storm broke out. 3. While the hurricane ______ (blow) heavily, airlines could not fly in the area. 4. The fire ______ (spread) quickly and ______ (cover) the building when I heard a voice. 5. One woman started to cry while she ______ (listen). 6. While others ______ (call) their families, I got more and more worried. 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子） 1. I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. (改为一般疑问句) 2. They were having a tea party in the garden. (改为否定句) 3. He was reading a book at that time. (对 reading a book 提问) 4. We were playing football at four yesterday afternoon. (对 at four yesterday afternoon 提问) 四、句子翻译 1. 昨晚八点劳拉在看小说。(at eight o'clock last night) 2. 我们吃饭的时候他们到了。(when) 3. 就在人们等待红绿灯的时候，一辆汽车突然从拐角处驶出。(while) 4. 那时他们正在花园里举行茶会。(at that time) 五、语篇填空（用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文） At first, it was just another normal weekday. I 1______ (wait) at the railway station when I 2______ (hear) a notice: there was a heavy rainstorm, so all train services were stopped. While others 3______ (call) their families or searching for news reports, I got more and more worried. I had a long journey to make. As time went by, people 4______ (become) louder and angrier. Just then, a lovely piece of music 5______ (start). The music of "Me and My Motherland" stopped all the noise. Many travellers 6______ (sing) along with the music. One woman started to cry while she 7______ (listen). That wonderful music was from a student orchestra. It lifted our spirits and gave us hope. 语法训练答案 一、单项选择 1．B。"火山爆发时人们正在睡觉"，正在进行的动作用过去进行时。 2．B。while 从句中的延续动作用过去进行时。 3．C。"你打电话时我正在洗澡"，用过去进行时。 4．B。last night 提示过去，问"当时正在做什么"用 were you doing。 5．B。while 引导的延续动作，用 was blowing。 6．C。"我到家时爸爸正在看报"，主句用过去进行时。 7．A。一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, we were. 8．B。"听到广播时正在等车"，用过去进行时。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．were sleeping（erupted 是短暂动作，主句用进行时） 2．were walking 3．was blowing 4．spread; covered（两个先后完成的动作，都用一般过去时） 5．was listening（while 引导的延续动作） 6．were calling 三、句型转换 1．Were you sleeping when the ground shook very hard? 2．They weren't having a tea party in the garden. 3．What was he doing at that time? 4．When were you playing football? 四、句子翻译 1．Laura was reading a novel at eight o'clock last night. 2．They arrived when we were having dinner. 3．While people were waiting for the traffic lights, a car suddenly appeared round the corner. 4．They were having a tea party in the garden at that time. 五、语篇填空 1．was waiting　2．heard　3．were calling　4．became　5．started　6．sang（或 were singing）　7．was listening 1 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $