专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，河南专用）九年级英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解，涵盖学习策略与科技文化主题，精选河南多校期中真题，通过团队合作、AI技术、中国传统节日等真实情境，提升语言理解与跨文化认知能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|每篇5题|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|结合大疆无人机、元宵节、可变形塑料等素材，兼具科技前沿与文化传承，问题设计从基础信息到深层含义梯度分布|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——学习策略 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·郑州四中·期中） Do you do team projects at school? I do a lot. I enjoy team projects because I like sharing ideas with other people. Of course, team activities aren’t always easy. You need to know how to work well together. Here are some suggestions to make teamwork easier. 1. Know the goals Make sure everyone understands the goal of the project. If you’re doing a class project, you need to check the teacher’s instructions carefully and ask questions whenever something isn’t clear. There’s a popular saying: If you don’t know where you’re going you probably won’t get there. 2. Assign (分配) roles Everyone should have a role in the team. For example, there should be a leader who helps everyone make decisions. There might be a note-taker who writes down the team’s ideas during meetings, and a time-keeper to control the time. There might also be a fact-checker or a group speaker. 3. Divide the work For large projects, the work can be divided into smaller tasks. Then you can choose tasks that you do well or enjoy. Of course, you shouldn’t always do the same task. It’s good to try new things, even if they’re difficult! 4. Make a plan After you divide the work, write down a plan on paper. You can use a calendar to help you. List all the tasks and think about when each one must be finished. It’s important for everyone to follow the plan. And if you can’t finish your part on time, tell the others as soon as possible. Try to be positive. Everything is easier when you’re enjoying yourself in the team. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By showing a saying. D．By sending a message. 2．Why does the writer use the underlined saying? A．To show that traveling needs a clear direction. B．To explain the importance of knowing the project goal. C．To suggest that asking questions can help find the way. D．To prove that class projects are harder than other tasks. 3．What is the leader’s main job in the team? A．Controlling the activity time. B．Writing down the team’s ideas. C．Making speeches for the team. D．Helping the others make decisions. 4．What should you do after dividing the work? A．Set a clear goal. B．Work out a plan. C．Decide everyone’s role. D．Check the teacher’s examples. 5．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Introduce the teacher’s instructions. B．Give information about smaller tasks. C．Explain the method to do team projects. D．Describe the importance of creative ideas. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了做好团队项目的几条实用建议，包括明确目标、分配角色、拆分任务、制定计划以及保持积极心态。 【详解】 1．文章开头第一句“Do you do team projects at school?”，是通过提出一个问题来开启全文。 2．这句话放在“Know the goals”板块，用来论证明白项目目标的重要性。意思是如果不知道前进方向，就很难达成目标。 3．在“Assign roles”部分提到“there should be a leader who helps everyone make decisions”，说明组长的主要工作是帮助团队成员做决定。 4．在“Make a plan”部分第一句“After you divide the work, write down a plan on paper.”，任务拆分完成之后就要制定计划，work out a plan制定计划。 5．通读全文，文章给出四条开展团队项目的建议，目的是讲解完成团队项目的方法。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·郑州市郑东新区玉溪初级中学·期中） Progress (进步) means the act of going forward. Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively working towards our goals (目标), we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think actively, it can be useful and helpful. Having confidence (信心) is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support (支持) us. These people can help push us towards progress. Slow progress is still progress. Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect. Even if progress is slow, try not to be worried. One important thing is that we keep taking steps towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The road to progress is not always smooth (顺利的). Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way. Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that. Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line. As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels (水平) in our learning. 1．What does progress make us do? A．Set lifelong goals. B．Go forward easily. C．Live healthily and happily. D．Think about new things. 2．What does Paragraph 3 tell us? A．We should support different people. B．Some people can push us to failure. C．Confidence helps us make progress. D．Different schools expect the same progress. 3．What does the writer say about slow progress? A．It often goes smoothly. B．It still means progress. C．It sometimes stops progress. D．It always gives us a clear mind. 4．Which word is close to the underlined word “setbacks”? A．Prizes. B．Secrets. C．Suggestions. D．Difficulties. 5．Whom is the passage written for? A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Artists. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了进步的含义、方法以及应对挑战的心态。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life.”可知，进步可以让我们在生活中健康和快乐。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Having confidence (信心) is helpful for us to make progress.”可知，自信心对我们取得进步是有帮助的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Slow progress is still progress.”可知，缓慢的进步仍然是进步。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。Prizes奖品；Secrets秘密；Suggestions建议；Difficulties困难。根据“The road to progress is not always smooth (顺利的).”可知，通往进步的道路并不总是平顺的，因此可以猜测“setbacks”意为“困难”。故选D。 5．推理判断题。students学生；teachers教师；parents父母；artists艺术家。根据“As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels (水平) in our learning.”可知，只要我们一直努力，我们会在学习上达到更高的水平。因此可以推断文章的受众主要是学生。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·郑州市枫杨外国语中学·期中） We recycle rubbish, so why not language? Recycling language means using vocabulary (词汇) that you have learned before again and again. However, unlike rubbish that piles up (堆积) in our environment, if we do not recycle language, we simply forget it. So how do you recycle language? There are basically three ways to do it. The first is through reading. Go back to your favorite articles and read them once more. Just reread them and do not worry about each vocabulary item. If there are some that you are not sure about, make a guess and you will probably guess right. The second way to recycle is through writing. Look at some of your favorite articles and write either a short paragraph or a few sentences in your own words. After you have done this a few times, go back and read through what you have written, checking vocabulary functions. Don’t worry if you have made mistakes. You should learn from your mistakes. The third way to recycle language is by having a chat with yourself about your favorite articles at home. You can pretend there is someone with you who speaks English and tell him what you are thinking about or how you feel. 1．According to the passage, recycling language means ________. A．using less vocabulary B．writing vocabulary over and over again C．learning more new vocabulary D．using vocabulary that we have learned very often 2．If we recycle language, it may ________. A．be kept in our mind B．be forgotten easily C．pile up in our environment D．disappear from our mind soon 3．When you were writing a short paragraph, if you made a mistake, you should ________. A．correct it at once B．learn from it C．be worried about it D．forget about it 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in recycling language? A．Reading. B．Listening. C．Writing. D．Speaking. 5．What’s the passage mainly talk about? A．How to recycle rubbish? B．The differences between recycling language and rubbish. C．Three ways to recycle language. D．Why should we recycle language? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了反复运用语言的三种方式——阅读、写作及和自己聊最喜欢的文章。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Recycling language means using vocabulary (词汇) that you have learned before again and again.”可知，重复使用语言意味着一遍又一遍地使用你以前学过的词汇。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“...if we do not recycle language, we simply forget it. So how do you recycle language? There are basically three ways to do it.”可知，如果我们不反复运用语言，我们就会忘记它。反之，如果我们反复运用语言，我们就能记住它。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Don’t worry if you have made mistakes. You should learn from your mistakes.”可知，如果你犯了错误，不要担心，你应该从你的错误中学习。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The first is through reading.”，“The second way to recycle is through writing.”和“The third way to recycle language is by having a chat with yourself about your favorite articles at home.”可知，提到了读、写和说，没提到听。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了反复运用语言的三种方式，故选C。 主题02 人与社会——科技文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·河南郑州四中·期中） Do you know there are sounds produced by plants? Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about? With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages. In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How-Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI and other technologies are helping us translate and understand animals’ and plants’ words. All around the animal world, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and decipher (破译). Elephants, for example, talk with each other using infra-sound (次声), which cannot be heard by human ears. Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to lead baby coral to safer areas to grow. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds and finds its way to the right place. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed machines into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear. After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’ (蝙蝠) 15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about such things: food, ways of sleeping, getting into personal space and unwanted courtship (求偶). Technologies can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. So a research team in Germany put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a set of dance moves to tell the bees where they can find their food. Researchers said the technology could someday help disabled people to communicate. It might also help scientists understand how animals see the world. 1．What can we learn from Karen Bakker’s new book? A．What role AI plays in protecting animals. B．What makes it hard for us to take care of plants. C．How animals and plants communicate with the help of AI. D．How technologies help us understand the voices of nature. 2．What do elephants and coral have in common? A．Their languages can be easily understood by the robots. B．They make special calls to discuss matters like ways of sleeping. C．Humans cannot pick up the sounds they make for communication. D．They can pick up infra-sound which is sent by the special machines. 3．Why is the example of bats mentioned? A．To tell readers that bats are clever animals. B．To list the kinds of arguments animals usually have. C．To describe the difference between animals and plants. D．To show what AI can do with the sounds scientists collected. 4．How did the German team communicate with bees? A．With a robot bee’s dance moves. B．By talking to bees. C．By playing music to bees. D．By giving bees food directly. 5．What is the researchers’ attitude (态度) towards the future of the AI technology? A．Unclear. B．Hopeless. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了AI及其他数字技术如何帮助人类翻译和理解动植物发出的声音，通过大象、珊瑚、蝙蝠和蜜蜂等具体案例展示了技术的应用现状，并展望了该技术未来的发展前景。 【详解】 1．第一段提到“In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book..she talks about how AI and other technologies are helping us translate and understand animals’and plants’ words.”，书中主要讲述了技术如何帮助人类理解动植物的声音。 2．第二段提到“Elephants...which cannot be heard by human ears.”以及“Scientists have placed machines into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.”，大象和珊瑚发出的用于交流的声音人类都无法直接听到。 3．第三段提到“After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’...”，作者列举蝙蝠的例子是为了展示 AI 如何处理科学家收集到的声音并研究其含义。 4．第四段提到“They asked the robot to create a set of dance moves to tell the bees where they can find their food.”，德国团队是通过机器人蜜蜂的舞蹈动作来告诉蜜蜂食物位置的。 5．最后一段提到“Researchers said the technology could someday help disabled people to communicate. It might also help scientists understand how animals see the world.”，研究人员认为该技术未来能提供帮助，对此持支持态度。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·河南安阳市第八中学·期中） Do you remember the useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake.” or “It serves you right.” in English learning? They carry more meanings than the words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar expressions, such as “drinking ink (墨水)” and “An inch (寸) of time is worth an inch of gold.” “Drinking ink” is a common expression to show how much education a person gets. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? It could be true in Chinese history. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those with bad performances in the exam would be punished by drinking one liter (升) of ink. Nowadays, people use this expression to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied abroad. “Drinking little ink” means getting little education. “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.” means that an inch of time has the same value as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time.” In ancient times, time was measured (测量) by inches because people used the sundial (日晷) as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat (平坦的) and round plate. As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the shadow (阴影) changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial tells time. Language cannot be parted from culture. Language learning can help us understand the cultures behind the countries and communicate more with the people from different countries. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the expression “drinking ink” mean in Chinese culture now? A．Drinking ink as a punishment. B．Getting education. C．Studying abroad. D．Writing with ink. 2．During the Northern Qi Dynasty, what happened to those with poor performances in the exam? A．They couldn’t use ink. B．They had to study abroad. C．They had to drink one liter of ink. D．They had to use a sundial to tell time. 3．How did people measure time in ancient times according to the text? A．By using a clock. B．By using a sundial. C．By using a watch. D．By using a flat stone. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about the sundial according to the text? A．It is a modern time-keeping tool with a square shape. B．It tells time through the changing length of the shadow. C．It was used to measure the value of gold in ancient times. D．It can only work when the sun is not shining. 5．What does the author mainly want to tell us? A．Some English useful sentences are similar to Chinese expressions. B．Ancient Chinese people had smart ways to educate people. C．“Drinking ink” and the sundial are important parts of Chinese history. D．Language and culture are closely connected and learning language helps understand culture. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍汉语俗语“喝墨水”与“一寸光阴一寸金”的由来、含义，讲述相关历史文化知识，最后点明语言与文化密不可分，学习语言能够帮助我们理解不同国家背后的文化。 【详解】 1．根据文章第二段“Nowadays, people use this expression to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education.”可知，现在“drinking ink”在中国文化里表示接受教育。 2．根据文章第二段“During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those with bad performances in the exam would be punished by drinking one liter of ink.”可推知，北齐时期考试表现差的人要被罚喝一升墨水。 3．根据文章第三段“In ancient times, time was measured by inches because people used the sundial as a time-keeping tool.”可知，古代人们使用日晷来测量时间。 4．根据文章第三段“As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the shadow changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial tells time.”可知，日晷通过影子长度的变化来告知时间。 5．根据文章最后一段“Language cannot be parted from culture. Language learning can help us understand the cultures behind the countries and communicate more with the people from different countries.”可知，作者主要想告诉我们语言与文化紧密相连，学习语言有助于理解文化。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·河南郑州市中原区19初集团·期中） The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar (阴历). This day is always the first full moon in the new year. Ancient people also called it the Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Watching the red lanterns is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along riverbanks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes. Another tradition is guessing lantern riddles. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character (汉字), a famous person’s name, or a place name. The most important thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes. In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while in southern part they’re named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or family members. In old times, the Lantern Festival was also popular. Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd, Suddenly I turned, and there she stood, in the dim (昏暗的) light. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When did celebrations and traditions of the Lantern Festival become popular? A．In the Han Dynasty. B．In the Tang Dynasty. C．In the Song Dynasty. D．In the Yuan Dynasty. 2．What were sky lanterns first used for by Zhuge Kongming in ancient times? A．Making wishes. B．Celebrating birthdays. C．Asking for help. D．Decorating the house. 3．The line from Xin Qiji in the text shows the Lantern Festival was ________ in old times. A．boring B．traditional C．romantic D．sad 4．Which activity is not mentioned in the text? A．Watching the red lanterns B．Guessing lantern riddles C．Eating sweet dumplings D．Watching the dragon dance 5．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Chinese Festivals. B．Unit 2 Western Festivals. C．Unit 3 Food and Drinks. D．Unit 4 Chinese History. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇传统文化科普说明文，介绍元宵节的时间、别称、起源发展，依次介绍赏花灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵 / 汤圆三大传统习俗，最后引用宋代词句说明古时元宵节充满浪漫的相遇氛围。 【详解】 1．根据第一段“Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty and became popular in the Tang Dynasty.”可知，元宵节传统变得流行是在唐朝。 2．根据第二段“It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble.”可知，孔明灯最初是用来求助的。 3．根据最后一段“Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other.”以及引用的辛弃疾词句（众里寻他千百度……）可知，这体现了古代元宵节浪漫的一面，年轻人借此机会相识相会。 4．通读全文可知，文中提到了“Watching the red lanterns”、“guessing lantern riddles”和“eat sweet dumplings”。文中并未提及“Watching the dragon dance”。 5．本文主要介绍了元宵节的时间、起源、习俗（看灯、猜谜、吃元宵）以及文化意义，属于中国传统节日的范畴。因此最可能出现在“中国节日”单元。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·河南洛阳市西工区·期中） Why are Da Jiang drones so successful? Da Jiang Innovations, known as DJI, is a world leader in drone technology. DJI was started by Wang Tao. During his college years, Wang began the early work of DJI’s projects. In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI. At first, DJI focused on developing flight (飞行) control systems. Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统). It made drones easier to keep balanced during flight. And this was a big step forward in drone technology and led to DJI’s first drone that anyone can buy in 2013: the Phantom 1. It was more user friendly than other drones at the time. The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made taking photos in the sky easy for everyone, not just experts. Users could take amazing sky-high videos and photos. Besides, DJI has also developed drones for different needs. For example, the Inspire series (系列) is widely used in filmmaking, while the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people. You might also notice that more and more people are using the Rackel series to take videos of their daily lives. As a pioneer in the field of drones, DJI has been improving drone technology. Today, DJI drones are known as a symbol of Chinese creativity, showing the country’s growing influence in high technology fields. DJI drones has given a new meaning to “Made in China” through its excellent tech products. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When did Wang Tao start DJI? A．In 2006. B．In 2013. C．Before his college years. D．After developing the Phantom 1. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．DJI. B．The Phantom 1. C．DJI’s first drone. D．The multi-rotor autopilot system. 3．Why was the Phantom 1 considered a “game-changer”? A．Because it was the cheapest drone. B．Because it was easy for beginners. C．Because it had the longest flight time among DJI drones. D．It was the first drone DJI developed after moving to Shenzhen. 4．Which man most probably use the Matrice series? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the writer think of DJI drones? A．The writer doubts DJI drones. B．The writer takes pride in DJI drones. C．The writer doesn’t care about DJI drones. D．The writer believes DJI drones will not succeed. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了大疆创新的发展历程、核心技术突破、不同系列无人机的应用场景，以及其作为中国创新代表在全球无人机领域取得的领先地位。 【详解】 1．第一段明确说明：“In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI”，直接表明汪滔在2006年创立了大疆。 2．第二段前文提到“Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统). It made drones easier to keep balanced during flight”，这里的It指代前一句提到的多旋翼自驾系统。 3．第三段指出“The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made taking photos in the sky easy for everyone, not just experts”，说明它对新手十分友好，让航拍不再是专业人士的专属。 4．文中提到Matrice系列可用于消防灭火、搜寻失联人员这类任务，因此最可能使用该系列的是消防员/应急救援人员。 5．最后一段提到大疆无人机是中国创造力的象征，重新定义了“中国制造”的内涵，能看出作者对大疆无人机怀有自豪的态度。 主题01 人与社会——科技文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·河南林州市·期中） You may think you cannot live through summer without air conditioners (空调). But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only help for people to drive the heat away. Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2,000 years ago. The fans came in different shapes, such as round and square. They were also made of all kinds of materials. Palm leaf fans were cheap and easy to make. Feather (羽毛) fans showed the owner’s high status (地位). Sandalwood (檀香) fans could send out a sweet smell. Later, hand fans became even more popular because they were seen as artworks. At that time, tuanshan (round fans) and zheshan (folded fans) were the most common. In the shape of a full moon, tuanshan was usually made of silk. They had beautiful embroidery (刺绣) of birds and flowers on them. Women. especially those in the palace (王宫), liked to use them, Poets in ancient China often compared a woman’s abandoned (被抛弃的) fate to tuanshan. Nalan Xingde wrote during the Qing Dynasty, “If only life were as beautiful as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted paintedfans?” However, men, especially the literati (文人) used zheshan. The literati liked them because zheshan were usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to show off their talents in literature, painting and calligraphy (书法). Almost anything can be painted on zheshan, but the most popular ones are usually landscapes (风景). Today, Chinese people still use these fans. They have already become a symbol of Chinese culture and also a part of our everyday life. So next time you use a fan, you may think of the stories behind it. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What was the main way for ancient Chinese people to drive away the heat in summer? A．Using air conditioners. B．Using hand fans. C．Drinking cold water. D．Staying indoors. 2．According to this passage, which of the following may be calligrapher Wang Xizhi’s favorite hand fan? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following is the Chinese translation of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4? A．人生若只如初见, 何事秋风悲画扇。 B．银烛秋光冷画屏, 轻罗小扇扑流萤 C．舞低杨柳楼心月, 歌尽桃花扇底风 D．奉帚平明金殿开, 暂将团扇共徘徊。 4．What do we know about hand fans? A．They can be made of different materials B．They become less popular in recent years. C．There were only 2 shapes of hand fans in ancient China. D．People mainly used fans with a sweet smell 2,000 years ago 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国古代手扇的发展历史、不同材质、两大主流扇型团扇与折扇的使用人群、文化寓意，展现扇子承载的中华传统文化内涵。 【详解】 1．文中第一段明确提到“But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only help for people to drive the heat away.”，直接说明古代中国人夏天驱暑的主要方式是使用手扇，对应选项B。 2．文中第五段提到“men, especially the literati (文人) used zheshan... they could paint and write poems on them”，王羲之是书法家，属于文人，文人常用折扇（zheshan/folded fans），对应图片D。 3．第四段划线句原文“If only life were as beautiful as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted painted fans?”，是纳兰性德经典词句，对应译文A“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇”。 4．文中第二段提到“They were also made of all kinds of materials.”，说明手扇可用多种材料制作，A表述正确。 5．文章结构分层：①总起，引出古代手扇；②③介绍手扇起源、多样材质外形以及引出两种主流扇子；④⑤介绍团扇和折扇；⑥总结扇子如今仍是中华文化符号，对应分层结构图A。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·河南许昌市第十二中学·期中） The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China. During the festival, Chinese people have many activities. They paste Spring Festival Couplets, greeting the New Year and saying goodbye to the old year. On the first day of the Spring Festival, people hang out, wearing new clothes. Nowadays, children get red packets from their parents and their relatives. It is a good time for people to visit relatives and friends. More importantly, the Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in other parts of the world. The Spring Festival has been celebrated in the UK since 1980. Every New Year, people also get together and have lots of activities. They sing songs and share with friends or watch movies in the cinema. Besides, the Spring Festival has become a key time for Chinese living in the US. They join in a large evening party to welcome the traditional New Year. The Chinese New Year will be welcomed with three weeks of celebration across Australia. They enjoy fireworks and lion dances. The family dinner on New Year’s Eve is an important tradition for Chinese, whether they were born in Singapore or moved there from China. They usually hold it at home because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition. 1．According to Paragraph One, children can get red packets from their ________ on the first day of the Spring Festival. A．friends B．parents and relatives C．teachers D．classmates 2．Which activity is NOT mentioned (提到) in Paragraph One? A．Hold a New Year’s party. B．Hang out, wearing new clothes. C．Visit relatives and friends. D．Paste Spring Festival Couplets. 3．Which of the following is TRUE in the passage? A．The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. B．The Spring Festival is celebrated only in China. C．The Spring Festival has been celebrated in the US since 1980. D．Chinese living in Singapore usually hold the family dinner on New Year’s Eve at home. 4．How many countries are mentioned except China in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Spring Festival is celebrated only in China with various activities. B．The Spring Festival is celebrated in China and other countries, but in different ways. C．The Spring Festival is the most important festival in the world. D．People in the UK and the US do not celebrate the Spring Festival seriously. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了春节期间，不仅在中国有贴春联、发红包等丰富的庆祝活动，在英国、美国、澳大利亚、新加坡等海外国家也有庆祝，各地形式虽不同，但都重视家庭团圆的传统。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Nowadays, children get red packets from their parents and their relatives.”可知，孩子们会从父母和亲戚那里得到红包。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“They paste Spring Festival Couplets… people hang out, wearing new clothes… It is a good time for people to visit relatives and friends.”可知，文中没有提到“举办新年派对”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The family dinner on New Year’s Eve is an important tradition for Chinese whether they were born in Singapore or moved there from China. They usually hold it at home…”可知，生活在新加坡的中国人通常会在家中举办年夜饭。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Spring Festival was celebrated in the UK… in the US… across Australia… in Singapore”可知，除中国外，文中提到了英国、美国、澳大利亚、新加坡4个国家。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“The Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in other parts of the world.”以及各国不同的庆祝方式可知，文章主旨是春节在中国和其他国家都有庆祝，但方式不同。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·河南开封市杞县三校·期中） What if you could turn the plastic spoon you used at lunch into a cup for water and then change it back into a spoon? That’s exactly what researchers at the University of Chicago had in mind when they created a material called “pluripotent (多能性的) plastic”. The magical material is made up of polymers (聚合物). The researchers heat the plastic to the temperatures of around 60°C and then cool it rapidly, allowing them to shape the material into different objects in no time. To test the plastic, they first made it into a spoon which is strong enough to pick up peanut butter. The spoon was then changed into a fork to pick up cheese. After that, the fork was changed into a small claw (爪形夹具) to pick up other objects. The team published their study in the journal Science on February 1, 2024. The plastic now also has some problems. Its ability to change shapes stops working after seven times. The plastic holds its shapes for at least a month. But the engineers aren’t sure how long it can be reused. However, they said that once ready, it would be extremely useful, both on the Earth and in space. Also, it provides different ways of plastic recycling. Now plastic items have to be carefully sorted before recycling. If the pluripotent plastic is widely used in the future, all these items could be processed together. This would make recycling a lot easier. More importantly, it could help reduce the amount of single-use plastics that end up in our landfills (垃圾填埋场) every day. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By using a saying. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking a question. 2．What is special about pluripotent plastic? A．It can change colors. B．It can change into different shapes. C．It can repair itself. D．It can take the place of wood easily. 3．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The plastic has some problems. B．The plastic is already perfect for daily use. C．Researchers don’t believe in this technology. D．The pluripotent plastic can change and last forever. 4．Why does the writer mention plastic recycling in the last paragraph? A．To compare different types of plastic. B．To point out the problems with today’s recycling ways. C．To show another advantage of pluripotent plastic. D．To explain why plastic is bad for the environment. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to recycle plastic in a better way. B．A new type of plastic that can change shapes. C．Why traditional plastic is bad for the environment. D．How researchers made a new kind of plastic. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种可以改变形状的新型塑料。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据“What if you could turn the plastic spoon you used at lunch into a cup for water and then change it back into a spoon?”可知，要是能把午餐用的塑料勺变成水杯，再变回勺子，会怎么样？文章是通过提问来开篇。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“To test the plastic, they first made it into a spoon which is strong enough to pick up peanut butter. The spoon was then changed into a fork to pick up cheese. After that, the fork was changed into a small claw to pick up other objects.”可知，这种材料可以制成勺子、叉子和小爪子，说明其可以改变成不同的形状。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The plastic now also has some problems.”可知，第四段的主要观点是“新塑料也有一些问题”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Also, it provides different ways of plastic recycling.”可知，它还提供了多种塑料回收方式，此处指提到塑料回收的目的是展示这种新型塑料的另一个优点。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“What if you could turn the plastic spoon you used at lunch into a cup for water and then change it back into a spoon? That’s exactly what researchers at the University of Chicago had in mind when they created a material called “pluripotent (多能性的) plastic”.”可知，要是能把午餐用的塑料勺变成水杯，再变回勺子，会怎么样？芝加哥大学的研究人员在研发名为‘多能性的塑料’的材料时，正是基于这一构想。这篇文章的主要思想是一种可改变形状的新型塑料。故选B。 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·河南洛阳市伊川县·期中） China has experienced big changes in its population policy over the years. These changes have helped the country to develop and improve people’s lives. In the 1970s, China carried out the one-child policy to control its rapidly growing population. This policy encouraged families to have only one child. It successfully slowed down population growth and cut down on the use of things such as food and water. However, it also caused problems, such as an aging (变老的) population and fewer young workers. To solve these problems, the government changed the one-child policy. In 2016, the two-child policy was carried out, allowing families to have two children. This helped balance (平衡) the population structure (结构) by increasing the number of young people. In 2021, the policy was further relaxed to the three-child policy, encouraging families to have more children if they wished. These changes have brought many advantages. First, they help support the old. With more young people working, they can provide better support for the elderly society. Second, a balanced population means more workers can help the economy (经济) grow. More children also mean a higher need for education, toys, and other services, which helps with the growth of the economy. Third, families now can choose the number of children they want, leading to happier family lives. In a word, China’s population policy has changed to meet new challenges (挑战). From the one-child policy to the three-child policy, these changes have improved the lives of many people. They ensure a healthier population structure and a stronger economy for the future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What was the effect of the population policy in the 1970s? A．A stronger economy. B．A younger population structure. C．An increase in the need for education. D．More older people and fewer young workers. 2．What was the main purpose of China’s second population policy? A．To control the rapid population growth. B．To improve poor people’s living conditions. C．To keep the population structure in balance. D．To help people live a much healthier life. 3．What may be the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the changes of China’s population policy? A．They are of no use at all. B．They are necessary and helpful. C．The writer isn’t interested in them at all. D．The writer worries they will cause new problems. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The three-child policy is the best in the world. B．China’s population policy may have both good and bad points. C．Most people in China would like to have three children now. D．China’s population policy will have no more changes in the future. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of the world’s population. B．The problems of an aging population. C．The changes in China’s population policy. D．The future of China’s population. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国人口政策从20世纪70年代的独生子女政策，到2016年的二孩政策，再到2021年的三孩政策的演变过程、原因及其带来的影响。 【详解】 1．根据第二段“it also caused problems, such as an aging population and fewer young workers”可知，20世纪70年代的人口政策导致了老年人口增多和年轻劳动力减少的问题。 2．根据第三段“In 2016, the two-child policy was carried out... This helped balance (平衡) the population structure (结构) by increasing the number of young people.”可知，二孩政策的主要目的是通过增加年轻人数量来平衡人口结构。选项C“保持人口结构平衡”符合文意。 3．通读全文，尤其是第一段“These changes have helped the country to develop and improve people’s lives.”和第四段“These changes have brought many advantages.”以及最后一段“these changes have improved the lives of many people.”可知，作者认为这些政策变化对国家发展和人民生活有益。选项B“它们是必要且有益的”符合作者的积极态度。 4．文章第二段提到独生子女政策带来了问题（如老龄化），而第四段提到政策调整带来了许多优势（如支持养老、促进经济）。由此可推断，中国的人口政策在不同阶段既有好的影响也带来过问题。选项B“中国的人口政策可能既有优点也有缺点”符合推断。 5．文章第一段开篇点题“China has experienced big changes in its population policy over the years.”，随后详细介绍了从独生子女政策到二孩、三孩政策的变化及其影响。因此，文章主要讲的是中国人口政策的变化。选项C“中国人口政策的变化”最能概括全文。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·河南郑州市惠济区·期中） Have you ever imagined yourself as the main role of a hero story? It might more than just excite your imagination. The hero’s journey, which was first made popular by Joseph Campbell in his 1949 book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, is a common theme (主题) in stories. Heroes like Mulan and Harry Potter, start life-changing journeys, face great dangers, and come back changed for the better. Research suggests that seeing life through the lens (滤镜) of a hero’s journey can help you cut down stress (压力) and feel more sure about yourself, which in turn lead to greater life satisfaction. Benjamin A．Rogers, one of the researchers, explains, “The way people tell their life stories shapes how meaningful their lives feel”. Rogers believes that thinking of your favorite hero’s story gives you a full view of what might be next for you, or what you should be paying attention to. It makes you believe that a new journey almost certainly awaits (降临于) you. How can you start imagining your life as a hero’s journey? First, reconsider who you are. Ask yourself, what makes you you? Who’s your favorite role in a movie or book? In what way can you relate to him/her? Writing down the answers can help you see yourself through a more heroic lens. Next, change the way you see difficulties. Going through a hard time? Think of them as chances for growth and learning. A difficulty is a chance to be the hero of your own story. Then, go on your own heroic trips. It’s about finding out something new to do, like walking a new way to school or borrowing a bike and riding it to school. Every hero starts with one step. What’s your next move? Start today and let your own story begins. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．According to Joseph Campbell, what is a hero’s journey? A．A trip that includes finding hidden treasures and magical objects. B．A journey where a hero wins fame and money by beating enemies. C．A story where a hero solves problems and grows to be a better self. D．A journey where a hero experiences difficulties but remains unchanged. 2．Which paragraph discusses the importance of a hero’s journey? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 3．Why does the writer use words from Benjamin Rogers in the text? A．To show that heroes always need a guide to succeed. B．To explain how heroes can solve every problem easily. C．To show that following a hero’s journey can help you avoid stress. D．To explain why seeing life as a hero’s journey can improve life satisfaction. 4．Which of the following can help you start your own hero’s journey? a. Ask your friend to help solve your problems in life. b. Write down how you can relate to your favorite hero. c. Follow the exact path of your favorite hero’s journey. d. See a difficulty as a chance of being the hero of your own story. e. Find out something new to do, like walking a new way to school. A．a, b, c B．b, d, e C．a, b, d D．b, c, e 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Steps to Solve Difficulties in Life B．Famous Heroes and Their Stories C．How to Become a Hero in Real Life D．The Hero’s Journey: Becoming the Hero of Your Own Story 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了英雄的旅程是什么以及如何开始自己的英雄旅程。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Heroes like Mulan and Harry Potter, start life-changing journeys, face great dangers, and come back changed for the better.”可知，根据Joseph Campbell的说法，像花木兰和哈利·波特这样的英雄，开始了改变人生的旅程，面对巨大的危险，回来后变得更好，因此C项“一个英雄解决问题并成长为更好的自己”与之符合。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The way people tell their life stories shapes how meaningful their lives feel.”可知，人们讲述生活故事的方式决定了他们生活的意义，因此第三段讨论了英雄旅程的重要性。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Rogers believes that thinking of your favorite hero’s story gives you a full view of what might be next for you, or what you should be paying attention to.”可知，罗杰斯认为，想想你最喜欢的英雄的故事，可以让你全面了解下一步可能会发生什么，或者你应该注意什么，因此应该是解释为什么把生活看作英雄的旅程可以提高生活满意度。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“ask yourself, what makes you you? … Writing down the answers can help you see yourself through a more heroic lens.”可知，写下你和你最喜欢的英雄之间的联系可以帮助你开始自己的英雄之旅；根据“Next, change the way you see difficulties. … A difficulty is a chance to be the hero of your own story.”可知，把困难看作是成为自己故事英雄的机会可以帮助你开始自己的英雄之旅；根据“It’s about finding out something new to do, like walking a new way to school or borrowing a bike and riding it to school.”可知，找一些新的事情做，比如走一条新的路去上学可以帮助你开始自己的英雄之旅。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了英雄的旅程是什么以及如何开始自己的英雄之旅。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·河南周口市郸城县两校联考·期中） The sun shines again after rain, and you see red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,and purple light in the sky—a rainbow. Refraction in Action Sunlight has all the colors of the rainbow, but some go faster when sunlight passes through water. From top to bottom are the faster ones to the slower. Red is the fastest and purple is the slowest. As light enters water, it refracts. Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so on. Different colors are separated in this way and that’s what you need to get a rainbow. How to See a Rainbow Stand with your back to the sun and search the sky, because a rainbow appears opposite the sun. If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear. Look at your shadow, the dark shape your body makes on the ground. If it’s taller than you, you have a good chance of seeing a rainbow. The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow. Guess the Weather If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be different. Here’s a saying: Rainbow in the morning, shepherd (牧羊人)’s warning. Rainbow at night, shepherd’s delight. See Two at Once Look for a second rainbow after you see one, but it’s hard to see. The main rainbow has red on top and purple on bottom, but the secondary has red on bottom and purple on top. Unseen Rainbow Parts Sunlight has infrared radiation (红外线), which we can’t see. Still, infrared radiation gets refracted by raindrops, and lies above the main rainbow’s red light. Ultraviolet radiation (紫外线) is also part of a rainbow. It’s just below purple. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which light is refracted most when going through the rain? A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple. 2．When can we probably see the biggest rainbow? A．When the sun shines. B．When the sun is low. C．When our shadow is the shortest. D．When we stand with our back to the sun. 3．What is probably “shepherd’s delight” according to the text? A．Fine weather. B．Free time at night. C．Seeing two rainbows. D．Beautiful rainbow colors. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Rainbows are hard to see. B．Parts of the rainbow are unseen to the eyes. C．Rainbows can be divided into different parts. D．Rainbows have all the colors of the sunshine. 5．How does the writer develop the whole text? A．By giving advice. B．By telling stories. C．By describing facts. D．By listing numbers. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彩虹的形成、观察方法及其他相关知识。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so on.”可知，红色折射率最低，橙色折射率高一些，以此类推，紫色折射率应是最高。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear.”和“The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow.”可推知，太阳太高，就不会出现彩虹；影子越长，彩虹越大；太阳低时，即太阳落山前后影子最长，能看到的彩虹最大。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be different.”可推知，彩虹出现在早上，不久以后可能会下雨，彩虹出现在下午与傍晚，表示雨水已经过去，预示着好天气。故选A。 4．段落大意题。根据“Unseen Rainbow Parts”可知，最后一段介绍了看不见的彩虹部分。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过描述一些与彩虹相关的事实来推进全文情节。故选C。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——学习策略 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·郑州四中·期中） Do you do team projects at school? I do a lot. I enjoy team projects because I like sharing ideas with other people. Of course, team activities aren’t always easy. You need to know how to work well together. Here are some suggestions to make teamwork easier. 1. Know the goals Make sure everyone understands the goal of the project. If you’re doing a class project, you need to check the teacher’s instructions carefully and ask questions whenever something isn’t clear. There’s a popular saying: If you don’t know where you’re going you probably won’t get there. 2. Assign (分配) roles Everyone should have a role in the team. For example, there should be a leader who helps everyone make decisions. There might be a note-taker who writes down the team’s ideas during meetings, and a time-keeper to control the time. There might also be a fact-checker or a group speaker. 3. Divide the work For large projects, the work can be divided into smaller tasks. Then you can choose tasks that you do well or enjoy. Of course, you shouldn’t always do the same task. It’s good to try new things, even if they’re difficult! 4. Make a plan After you divide the work, write down a plan on paper. You can use a calendar to help you. List all the tasks and think about when each one must be finished. It’s important for everyone to follow the plan. And if you can’t finish your part on time, tell the others as soon as possible. Try to be positive. Everything is easier when you’re enjoying yourself in the team. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By showing a saying. D．By sending a message. 2．Why does the writer use the underlined saying? A．To show that traveling needs a clear direction. B．To explain the importance of knowing the project goal. C．To suggest that asking questions can help find the way. D．To prove that class projects are harder than other tasks. 3．What is the leader’s main job in the team? A．Controlling the activity time. B．Writing down the team’s ideas. C．Making speeches for the team. D．Helping the others make decisions. 4．What should you do after dividing the work? A．Set a clear goal. B．Work out a plan. C．Decide everyone’s role. D．Check the teacher’s examples. 5．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Introduce the teacher’s instructions. B．Give information about smaller tasks. C．Explain the method to do team projects. D．Describe the importance of creative ideas. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·郑州市郑东新区玉溪初级中学·期中） Progress (进步) means the act of going forward. Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively working towards our goals (目标), we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think actively, it can be useful and helpful. Having confidence (信心) is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support (支持) us. These people can help push us towards progress. Slow progress is still progress. Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect. Even if progress is slow, try not to be worried. One important thing is that we keep taking steps towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The road to progress is not always smooth (顺利的). Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way. Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that. Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line. As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels (水平) in our learning. 1．What does progress make us do? A．Set lifelong goals. B．Go forward easily. C．Live healthily and happily. D．Think about new things. 2．What does Paragraph 3 tell us? A．We should support different people. B．Some people can push us to failure. C．Confidence helps us make progress. D．Different schools expect the same progress. 3．What does the writer say about slow progress? A．It often goes smoothly. B．It still means progress. C．It sometimes stops progress. D．It always gives us a clear mind. 4．Which word is close to the underlined word “setbacks”? A．Prizes. B．Secrets. C．Suggestions. D．Difficulties. 5．Whom is the passage written for? A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Artists. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·郑州市枫杨外国语中学·期中） We recycle rubbish, so why not language? Recycling language means using vocabulary (词汇) that you have learned before again and again. However, unlike rubbish that piles up (堆积) in our environment, if we do not recycle language, we simply forget it. So how do you recycle language? There are basically three ways to do it. The first is through reading. Go back to your favorite articles and read them once more. Just reread them and do not worry about each vocabulary item. If there are some that you are not sure about, make a guess and you will probably guess right. The second way to recycle is through writing. Look at some of your favorite articles and write either a short paragraph or a few sentences in your own words. After you have done this a few times, go back and read through what you have written, checking vocabulary functions. Don’t worry if you have made mistakes. You should learn from your mistakes. The third way to recycle language is by having a chat with yourself about your favorite articles at home. You can pretend there is someone with you who speaks English and tell him what you are thinking about or how you feel. 1．According to the passage, recycling language means ________. A．using less vocabulary B．writing vocabulary over and over again C．learning more new vocabulary D．using vocabulary that we have learned very often 2．If we recycle language, it may ________. A．be kept in our mind B．be forgotten easily C．pile up in our environment D．disappear from our mind soon 3．When you were writing a short paragraph, if you made a mistake, you should ________. A．correct it at once B．learn from it C．be worried about it D．forget about it 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in recycling language? A．Reading. B．Listening. C．Writing. D．Speaking. 5．What’s the passage mainly talk about? A．How to recycle rubbish? B．The differences between recycling language and rubbish. C．Three ways to recycle language. D．Why should we recycle language? 主题02 人与社会——科技文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·河南郑州四中·期中） Do you know there are sounds produced by plants? Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about? With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages. In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How-Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI and other technologies are helping us translate and understand animals’ and plants’ words. All around the animal world, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and decipher (破译). Elephants, for example, talk with each other using infra-sound (次声), which cannot be heard by human ears. Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to lead baby coral to safer areas to grow. Baby coral “listens” for the sounds and finds its way to the right place. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed machines into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear. After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’ (蝙蝠) 15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about such things: food, ways of sleeping, getting into personal space and unwanted courtship (求偶). Technologies can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. So a research team in Germany put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a set of dance moves to tell the bees where they can find their food. Researchers said the technology could someday help disabled people to communicate. It might also help scientists understand how animals see the world. 1．What can we learn from Karen Bakker’s new book? A．What role AI plays in protecting animals. B．What makes it hard for us to take care of plants. C．How animals and plants communicate with the help of AI. D．How technologies help us understand the voices of nature. 2．What do elephants and coral have in common? A．Their languages can be easily understood by the robots. B．They make special calls to discuss matters like ways of sleeping. C．Humans cannot pick up the sounds they make for communication. D．They can pick up infra-sound which is sent by the special machines. 3．Why is the example of bats mentioned? A．To tell readers that bats are clever animals. B．To list the kinds of arguments animals usually have. C．To describe the difference between animals and plants. D．To show what AI can do with the sounds scientists collected. 4．How did the German team communicate with bees? A．With a robot bee’s dance moves. B．By talking to bees. C．By playing music to bees. D．By giving bees food directly. 5．What is the researchers’ attitude (态度) towards the future of the AI technology? A．Unclear. B．Hopeless. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·河南安阳市第八中学·期中） Do you remember the useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake.” or “It serves you right.” in English learning? They carry more meanings than the words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar expressions, such as “drinking ink (墨水)” and “An inch (寸) of time is worth an inch of gold.” “Drinking ink” is a common expression to show how much education a person gets. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? It could be true in Chinese history. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those with bad performances in the exam would be punished by drinking one liter (升) of ink. Nowadays, people use this expression to describe people’s ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied abroad. “Drinking little ink” means getting little education. “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.” means that an inch of time has the same value as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time.” In ancient times, time was measured (测量) by inches because people used the sundial (日晷) as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat (平坦的) and round plate. As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the shadow (阴影) changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial tells time. Language cannot be parted from culture. Language learning can help us understand the cultures behind the countries and communicate more with the people from different countries. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the expression “drinking ink” mean in Chinese culture now? A．Drinking ink as a punishment. B．Getting education. C．Studying abroad. D．Writing with ink. 2．During the Northern Qi Dynasty, what happened to those with poor performances in the exam? A．They couldn’t use ink. B．They had to study abroad. C．They had to drink one liter of ink. D．They had to use a sundial to tell time. 3．How did people measure time in ancient times according to the text? A．By using a clock. B．By using a sundial. C．By using a watch. D．By using a flat stone. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about the sundial according to the text? A．It is a modern time-keeping tool with a square shape. B．It tells time through the changing length of the shadow. C．It was used to measure the value of gold in ancient times. D．It can only work when the sun is not shining. 5．What does the author mainly want to tell us? A．Some English useful sentences are similar to Chinese expressions. B．Ancient Chinese people had smart ways to educate people. C．“Drinking ink” and the sundial are important parts of Chinese history. D．Language and culture are closely connected and learning language helps understand culture. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·河南郑州市中原区19初集团·期中） The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar (阴历). This day is always the first full moon in the new year. Ancient people also called it the Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Watching the red lanterns is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along riverbanks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes. Another tradition is guessing lantern riddles. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character (汉字), a famous person’s name, or a place name. The most important thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes. In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while in southern part they’re named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or family members. In old times, the Lantern Festival was also popular. Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd, Suddenly I turned, and there she stood, in the dim (昏暗的) light. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When did celebrations and traditions of the Lantern Festival become popular? A．In the Han Dynasty. B．In the Tang Dynasty. C．In the Song Dynasty. D．In the Yuan Dynasty. 2．What were sky lanterns first used for by Zhuge Kongming in ancient times? A．Making wishes. B．Celebrating birthdays. C．Asking for help. D．Decorating the house. 3．The line from Xin Qiji in the text shows the Lantern Festival was ________ in old times. A．boring B．traditional C．romantic D．sad 4．Which activity is not mentioned in the text? A．Watching the red lanterns B．Guessing lantern riddles C．Eating sweet dumplings D．Watching the dragon dance 5．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Chinese Festivals. B．Unit 2 Western Festivals. C．Unit 3 Food and Drinks. D．Unit 4 Chinese History. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·河南洛阳市西工区·期中） Why are Da Jiang drones so successful? Da Jiang Innovations, known as DJI, is a world leader in drone technology. DJI was started by Wang Tao. During his college years, Wang began the early work of DJI’s projects. In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI. At first, DJI focused on developing flight (飞行) control systems. Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统). It made drones easier to keep balanced during flight. And this was a big step forward in drone technology and led to DJI’s first drone that anyone can buy in 2013: the Phantom 1. It was more user friendly than other drones at the time. The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made taking photos in the sky easy for everyone, not just experts. Users could take amazing sky-high videos and photos. Besides, DJI has also developed drones for different needs. For example, the Inspire series (系列) is widely used in filmmaking, while the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people. You might also notice that more and more people are using the Rackel series to take videos of their daily lives. As a pioneer in the field of drones, DJI has been improving drone technology. Today, DJI drones are known as a symbol of Chinese creativity, showing the country’s growing influence in high technology fields. DJI drones has given a new meaning to “Made in China” through its excellent tech products. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When did Wang Tao start DJI? A．In 2006. B．In 2013. C．Before his college years. D．After developing the Phantom 1. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．DJI. B．The Phantom 1. C．DJI’s first drone. D．The multi-rotor autopilot system. 3．Why was the Phantom 1 considered a “game-changer”? A．Because it was the cheapest drone. B．Because it was easy for beginners. C．Because it had the longest flight time among DJI drones. D．It was the first drone DJI developed after moving to Shenzhen. 4．Which man most probably use the Matrice series? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the writer think of DJI drones? A．The writer doubts DJI drones. B．The writer takes pride in DJI drones. C．The writer doesn’t care about DJI drones. D．The writer believes DJI drones will not succeed. 主题01 人与社会——科技文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·河南林州市·期中） You may think you cannot live through summer without air conditioners (空调). But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only help for people to drive the heat away. Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2,000 years ago. The fans came in different shapes, such as round and square. They were also made of all kinds of materials. Palm leaf fans were cheap and easy to make. Feather (羽毛) fans showed the owner’s high status (地位). Sandalwood (檀香) fans could send out a sweet smell. Later, hand fans became even more popular because they were seen as artworks. At that time, tuanshan (round fans) and zheshan (folded fans) were the most common. In the shape of a full moon, tuanshan was usually made of silk. They had beautiful embroidery (刺绣) of birds and flowers on them. Women. especially those in the palace (王宫), liked to use them, Poets in ancient China often compared a woman’s abandoned (被抛弃的) fate to tuanshan. Nalan Xingde wrote during the Qing Dynasty, “If only life were as beautiful as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted paintedfans?” However, men, especially the literati (文人) used zheshan. The literati liked them because zheshan were usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to show off their talents in literature, painting and calligraphy (书法). Almost anything can be painted on zheshan, but the most popular ones are usually landscapes (风景). Today, Chinese people still use these fans. They have already become a symbol of Chinese culture and also a part of our everyday life. So next time you use a fan, you may think of the stories behind it. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What was the main way for ancient Chinese people to drive away the heat in summer? A．Using air conditioners. B．Using hand fans. C．Drinking cold water. D．Staying indoors. 2．According to this passage, which of the following may be calligrapher Wang Xizhi’s favorite hand fan? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following is the Chinese translation of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4? A．人生若只如初见, 何事秋风悲画扇。 B．银烛秋光冷画屏, 轻罗小扇扑流萤 C．舞低杨柳楼心月, 歌尽桃花扇底风 D．奉帚平明金殿开, 暂将团扇共徘徊。 4．What do we know about hand fans? A．They can be made of different materials B．They become less popular in recent years. C．There were only 2 shapes of hand fans in ancient China. D．People mainly used fans with a sweet smell 2,000 years ago 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,...) A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·河南许昌市第十二中学·期中） The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China. During the festival, Chinese people have many activities. They paste Spring Festival Couplets, greeting the New Year and saying goodbye to the old year. On the first day of the Spring Festival, people hang out, wearing new clothes. Nowadays, children get red packets from their parents and their relatives. It is a good time for people to visit relatives and friends. More importantly, the Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in other parts of the world. The Spring Festival has been celebrated in the UK since 1980. Every New Year, people also get together and have lots of activities. They sing songs and share with friends or watch movies in the cinema. Besides, the Spring Festival has become a key time for Chinese living in the US. They join in a large evening party to welcome the traditional New Year. The Chinese New Year will be welcomed with three weeks of celebration across Australia. They enjoy fireworks and lion dances. The family dinner on New Year’s Eve is an important tradition for Chinese, whether they were born in Singapore or moved there from China. They usually hold it at home because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition. 1．According to Paragraph One, children can get red packets from their ________ on the first day of the Spring Festival. A．friends B．parents and relatives C．teachers D．classmates 2．Which activity is NOT mentioned (提到) in Paragraph One? A．Hold a New Year’s party. B．Hang out, wearing new clothes. C．Visit relatives and friends. D．Paste Spring Festival Couplets. 3．Which of the following is TRUE in the passage? A．The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. B．The Spring Festival is celebrated only in China. C．The Spring Festival has been celebrated in the US since 1980. D．Chinese living in Singapore usually hold the family dinner on New Year’s Eve at home. 4．How many countries are mentioned except China in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Spring Festival is celebrated only in China with various activities. B．The Spring Festival is celebrated in China and other countries, but in different ways. C．The Spring Festival is the most important festival in the world. D．People in the UK and the US do not celebrate the Spring Festival seriously. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·河南开封市杞县三校·期中） What if you could turn the plastic spoon you used at lunch into a cup for water and then change it back into a spoon? That’s exactly what researchers at the University of Chicago had in mind when they created a material called “pluripotent (多能性的) plastic”. The magical material is made up of polymers (聚合物). The researchers heat the plastic to the temperatures of around 60°C and then cool it rapidly, allowing them to shape the material into different objects in no time. To test the plastic, they first made it into a spoon which is strong enough to pick up peanut butter. The spoon was then changed into a fork to pick up cheese. After that, the fork was changed into a small claw (爪形夹具) to pick up other objects. The team published their study in the journal Science on February 1, 2024. The plastic now also has some problems. Its ability to change shapes stops working after seven times. The plastic holds its shapes for at least a month. But the engineers aren’t sure how long it can be reused. However, they said that once ready, it would be extremely useful, both on the Earth and in space. Also, it provides different ways of plastic recycling. Now plastic items have to be carefully sorted before recycling. If the pluripotent plastic is widely used in the future, all these items could be processed together. This would make recycling a lot easier. More importantly, it could help reduce the amount of single-use plastics that end up in our landfills (垃圾填埋场) every day. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By using a saying. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking a question. 2．What is special about pluripotent plastic? A．It can change colors. B．It can change into different shapes. C．It can repair itself. D．It can take the place of wood easily. 3．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The plastic has some problems. B．The plastic is already perfect for daily use. C．Researchers don’t believe in this technology. D．The pluripotent plastic can change and last forever. 4．Why does the writer mention plastic recycling in the last paragraph? A．To compare different types of plastic. B．To point out the problems with today’s recycling ways. C．To show another advantage of pluripotent plastic. D．To explain why plastic is bad for the environment. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to recycle plastic in a better way. B．A new type of plastic that can change shapes. C．Why traditional plastic is bad for the environment. D．How researchers made a new kind of plastic. Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·河南洛阳市伊川县·期中） China has experienced big changes in its population policy over the years. These changes have helped the country to develop and improve people’s lives. In the 1970s, China carried out the one-child policy to control its rapidly growing population. This policy encouraged families to have only one child. It successfully slowed down population growth and cut down on the use of things such as food and water. However, it also caused problems, such as an aging (变老的) population and fewer young workers. To solve these problems, the government changed the one-child policy. In 2016, the two-child policy was carried out, allowing families to have two children. This helped balance (平衡) the population structure (结构) by increasing the number of young people. In 2021, the policy was further relaxed to the three-child policy, encouraging families to have more children if they wished. These changes have brought many advantages. First, they help support the old. With more young people working, they can provide better support for the elderly society. Second, a balanced population means more workers can help the economy (经济) grow. More children also mean a higher need for education, toys, and other services, which helps with the growth of the economy. Third, families now can choose the number of children they want, leading to happier family lives. In a word, China’s population policy has changed to meet new challenges (挑战). From the one-child policy to the three-child policy, these changes have improved the lives of many people. They ensure a healthier population structure and a stronger economy for the future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What was the effect of the population policy in the 1970s? A．A stronger economy. B．A younger population structure. C．An increase in the need for education. D．More older people and fewer young workers. 2．What was the main purpose of China’s second population policy? A．To control the rapid population growth. B．To improve poor people’s living conditions. C．To keep the population structure in balance. D．To help people live a much healthier life. 3．What may be the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the changes of China’s population policy? A．They are of no use at all. B．They are necessary and helpful. C．The writer isn’t interested in them at all. D．The writer worries they will cause new problems. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The three-child policy is the best in the world. B．China’s population policy may have both good and bad points. C．Most people in China would like to have three children now. D．China’s population policy will have no more changes in the future. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of the world’s population. B．The problems of an aging population. C．The changes in China’s population policy. D．The future of China’s population. Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·河南郑州市惠济区·期中） Have you ever imagined yourself as the main role of a hero story? It might more than just excite your imagination. The hero’s journey, which was first made popular by Joseph Campbell in his 1949 book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, is a common theme (主题) in stories. Heroes like Mulan and Harry Potter, start life-changing journeys, face great dangers, and come back changed for the better. Research suggests that seeing life through the lens (滤镜) of a hero’s journey can help you cut down stress (压力) and feel more sure about yourself, which in turn lead to greater life satisfaction. Benjamin A．Rogers, one of the researchers, explains, “The way people tell their life stories shapes how meaningful their lives feel”. Rogers believes that thinking of your favorite hero’s story gives you a full view of what might be next for you, or what you should be paying attention to. It makes you believe that a new journey almost certainly awaits (降临于) you. How can you start imagining your life as a hero’s journey? First, reconsider who you are. Ask yourself, what makes you you? Who’s your favorite role in a movie or book? In what way can you relate to him/her? Writing down the answers can help you see yourself through a more heroic lens. Next, change the way you see difficulties. Going through a hard time? Think of them as chances for growth and learning. A difficulty is a chance to be the hero of your own story. Then, go on your own heroic trips. It’s about finding out something new to do, like walking a new way to school or borrowing a bike and riding it to school. Every hero starts with one step. What’s your next move? Start today and let your own story begins. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．According to Joseph Campbell, what is a hero’s journey? A．A trip that includes finding hidden treasures and magical objects. B．A journey where a hero wins fame and money by beating enemies. C．A story where a hero solves problems and grows to be a better self. D．A journey where a hero experiences difficulties but remains unchanged. 2．Which paragraph discusses the importance of a hero’s journey? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 3．Why does the writer use words from Benjamin Rogers in the text? A．To show that heroes always need a guide to succeed. B．To explain how heroes can solve every problem easily. C．To show that following a hero’s journey can help you avoid stress. D．To explain why seeing life as a hero’s journey can improve life satisfaction. 4．Which of the following can help you start your own hero’s journey? a. Ask your friend to help solve your problems in life. b. Write down how you can relate to your favorite hero. c. Follow the exact path of your favorite hero’s journey. d. See a difficulty as a chance of being the hero of your own story. e. Find out something new to do, like walking a new way to school. A．a, b, c B．b, d, e C．a, b, d D．b, c, e 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Steps to Solve Difficulties in Life B．Famous Heroes and Their Stories C．How to Become a Hero in Real Life D．The Hero’s Journey: Becoming the Hero of Your Own Story Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·河南周口市郸城县两校联考·期中） The sun shines again after rain, and you see red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,and purple light in the sky—a rainbow. Refraction in Action Sunlight has all the colors of the rainbow, but some go faster when sunlight passes through water. From top to bottom are the faster ones to the slower. Red is the fastest and purple is the slowest. As light enters water, it refracts. Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so on. Different colors are separated in this way and that’s what you need to get a rainbow. How to See a Rainbow Stand with your back to the sun and search the sky, because a rainbow appears opposite the sun. If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear. Look at your shadow, the dark shape your body makes on the ground. If it’s taller than you, you have a good chance of seeing a rainbow. The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow. Guess the Weather If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be different. Here’s a saying: Rainbow in the morning, shepherd (牧羊人)’s warning. Rainbow at night, shepherd’s delight. See Two at Once Look for a second rainbow after you see one, but it’s hard to see. The main rainbow has red on top and purple on bottom, but the secondary has red on bottom and purple on top. Unseen Rainbow Parts Sunlight has infrared radiation (红外线), which we can’t see. Still, infrared radiation gets refracted by raindrops, and lies above the main rainbow’s red light. Ultraviolet radiation (紫外线) is also part of a rainbow. It’s just below purple. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Which light is refracted most when going through the rain? A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple. 2．When can we probably see the biggest rainbow? A．When the sun shines. B．When the sun is low. C．When our shadow is the shortest. D．When we stand with our back to the sun. 3．What is probably “shepherd’s delight” according to the text? A．Fine weather. B．Free time at night. C．Seeing two rainbows. D．Beautiful rainbow colors. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Rainbows are hard to see. B．Parts of the rainbow are unseen to the eyes. C．Rainbows can be divided into different parts. D．Rainbows have all the colors of the sunshine. 5．How does the writer develop the whole text? A．By giving advice. B．By telling stories. C．By describing facts. D．By listing numbers. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 基础必练 主题01人与社会—学习策略 Passage 1:1.B 2.B 3.D 4.B5.C Passage 2:1.C 2.C 3.B4.D 5.A Passage 3:1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 主题02人与社会—科技文化 Passage 1:1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A5.D Passage 2:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D Passage 3:1.B 2.C3.C4.D 5.A Passage 4:1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 进阶提升 主题01人与社会—科技文化 Passage 1:1.B 2.D 3.A4.A5.A Passage 2:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 112 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 3:1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 拓展培优 Passage 1:1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C Passage 2:1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.D Passage 3:1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 212