2027届高考英语定语从句专项练习

**基本信息** 以“核心口诀+解题两步法”为统领，构建“概念-分类-关系词-特殊规则”四层知识逻辑，通过三级分层训练实现定语从句系统性突破，提升语言理解与分析思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法精讲|核心口诀+解题两步法|“关系词看先行词，成分定词是关键”口诀；“找先行词-析从句成分”两步解题法；关系代词/副词分类用法；6类只用that、3类只用which规则|从定义（修饰功能）到构成（先行词+关系词+从句），再到分类（限制性/非限制性），最终聚焦关系词用法及特殊规则，形成“概念-应用-特例”递进链条| |专项填空|基础20题/提升15题/拔高10题/小测10题|介词+关系代词搭配（如depend on→on which）；the way三种表达；分隔式定语从句找先行词技巧|基础层练关系词选择，提升层练非限制性/介词搭配，拔高层练高考易错点（如reason作宾语不用why），实现从基础到高考的能力进阶|

定语从句语法精讲 一、基本概念 ⑴ 定义 定语从句又称关系从句，在句中作定语，用来修饰、限定主句中的名词或代词（偶尔修饰整个句子），相当于形容词的功能，是英语三大从句中使用最广泛、高考考查频率最高的从句。 ⑵ 核心构成 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句剩余成分 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、句子，一般出现在定语从句之前；分隔式定语从句中先行词与关系词会被其他成分隔开。 2. 关系词：连接先行词和从句的桥梁，兼具指代先行词和在从句中充当成分两大功能。 3. 从句：除去关系词后具备完整的主谓 / 主谓宾结构（关系词已充当从句某一成分）。 ⑶ 核心口诀 关系词看先行词，成分定词是关键； 指人指物分清楚，主宾定状各不同； 限定非限有逗号，特殊规则记心中。 解题两步法 ①找准先行词；②分析定语从句缺少的句子成分：缺主语/宾语/定语用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词。 二、定语从句两大分类 1.限制性定语从句 无逗号分隔，从句对先行词必不可少，用于限定范围；去掉后主句语义不完整、指代模糊。高考绝大多数考点集中于此；关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。 例句：The girl who won the prize is my deskmate.（获奖的那个女孩是我同桌，限定具体女孩） 2.非限制性定语从句 有逗号与主句分隔，从句仅做补充说明，去掉后主句语义依旧完整。 ❌三大禁忌：不能用 that、不可省略关系词、不能用 what。 特殊用法：可修饰整个主句整件事，翻译为“这、这件事”。 例句：My hometown is beautiful, which attracts many tourists every year. 译：我的家乡风景秀丽，这每年吸引大量游客前来。 三、关系词完整分类及用法 关系词分为关系代词（作主、宾、定语）和关系副词（只作状语） （一）关系代词（5个） 1. who 指代：人；从句成分：主语、宾语；特点：作宾语可以省略 例句：The teacher who teaches us English is very patient.（作主语，不可省略） 2. whom 指代：人；从句成分：仅宾语；书面正式，口语常用who替换；介词后只能用whom；作宾语可省略。 例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother.（作宾语，可省略） 3. which 指代：物、动物、整件主句；从句成分：主语、宾语；可引导非限制性定语从句；作宾语可省略。 例句：The book which I bought last week is useful.（作宾语，可省略） 4. that（万能核心词） 指代：人+物；从句成分：主语、宾语；只用于限制性定语从句；不能用于逗号后、介词后面；作宾语可省略。 5. whose 指代：人/物的，表所属；从句成分：仅作定语； 等价转换：whose + 名词 = of which / of whom + the + 名词 例句：We visited the house whose windows face the lake. （二）关系副词（3个） 本质：关系副词 = 介词 + which；从句只作状语，不作主语、宾语，永远不能省略。 1. when 先行词：时间名词（time, day, year, moment, age等）；从句成分：时间状语 等价：when = on / in / at + which 2. where 先行词：地点名词，也包含抽象地点名词（case, situation, stage, point）；从句成分：地点/处境状语 等价：where = in / on / at + which 3. why 先行词一般为reason；从句成分：原因状语 等价：why = for which 固定句式：The reason why…is that…（……的原因是……） 高频陷阱：先行词是reason，如果从句缺主语/宾语，不用why，用that/which。 四、特殊规则 ㈠只用 that，不用 which 的6种情况 1. 先行词被不定代词修饰（all, little, much, everything, nothing等）； 2. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰； 3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰； 4. 先行词既有人又有物； 5. 主句以Who/Which开头的疑问句； 6. 先行词为数词。 ㈡只用 which，不用 that 的3种情况 1. 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）； 2. 介词之后的关系代词； 3. 先行词为that/those，指代事物。 ㈢介词 + 关系代词 高频考点 1. 介词优先看从句内部动词/形容词固定搭配，不完全看先行词（核心易错）； 2. 结构：介词 + whom / which；绝对不能接that / who； 3. 例：depend on → on which；listen to → to which。 ㈣ as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句区别 1. as：位置灵活，句首、句中、句末均可；译为“正如、正像”； 固定搭配：as we all know, as is known to all, as was expected。 2. which：只能放在主句之后；指代整件事，表事实、结果，可以带消极含义。 ㈤分隔式定语从句 先行词和关系词被状语、插入语隔开，做题跳过中间修饰成分找真正先行词。 例句：A new store will be built near the park that we visited last month. 真正先行词为park，不是store。 ㈥先行词为 way 的特殊用法 the way that / in which / 不填 + 从句（三者全部正确，高考语法填空高频） 注意：how不能引导定语从句！ 第二部分 专项填空题 层级一：基础夯实篇,填入合适的关系词；不需要填词时填写符号“/”。 1. The young man ________ helped me carry my luggage is a volunteer. 2. The notebook ________ I used to take notes got lost last week. 3. This is the small village ________ my grandma spent her childhood. 4. The reason ________ he turned down the offer was lack of time. 5. All ________ we require is continuous effort and self‑confidence. 6. The girl ________ handwriting stands out in our class won the speech contest. 7. I still recall the day ________ I joined the school volunteer group. 8. The novel ________ cover is light green belongs to my deskmate. 9. This is the most touching story ________ I have ever read. 10. The neighbours ________ live opposite our house are warm‑hearted. 11. We toured the exhibition hall ________ was completed last spring. 12. The professor ________ we admire most often gives us useful advice. 13. There is nothing ________ can stop us from chasing our dreams. 14. The community park ________ we jog every evening is peaceful. 15. This is the only solution ________ works for the present problem. 16. The boy ________ I chatted with just now is my distant cousin. 17. I prefer films ________ deliver positive energy to teenagers. 18. The moment ________ we gather again will be unforgettable. 19. The flat ________ windows face east is bright and comfortable. 20. Anyone ________ breaks the community rules will receive a warning. 层级二：能力提升篇 1. He succeeded in the national competition, ________ made his whole family proud. 2. This is the senior student ________ we have learned many valuable qualities. 3. ________ is mentioned above, team work plays an important role in our daily life. 4. The research project ________ they have worked for three years finally came to an end. 5. We climbed up to the tower, ________ we could overlook the whole coastal city. 6. The young writer ________ works focus on teenagers’ growth gains wide popularity. 7. I will never forget those days ________ we cooperated and struggled side by side. 8. The topic ________ they argued for hours has been settled at last. 9. She bought an electric bicycle, ________ cost her almost one thousand yuan. 10. The chemical factory ________ my uncle works attaches great importance to safety. 11. The expert to ________ you turned for help will give a lecture next Monday. 12. ________ was expected, our class won first prize in the group competition. 13. The suggestion ________ they agreed at the meeting will be carried out soon. 14. There stand dozens of tall trees in the yard, ________ several are pear trees. 15. The reason ________ he explained to the manager sounded quite unreasonable. 层级三：高考拔高篇 1. The way ________ he deals with tough challenges deserves our respect. 2. Who is the young lady over there ________ is communicating with our headmaster? 3. All that can be done ________ (have) been done for the coming activity. 4. This is the very reference book ________ I have been searching for months. 5. The news spread quickly across the campus, ________ excited every one of us. 6. I still keep the hand‑written letter ________ he sent me four years ago. 7. The small town lies at the foot of a forest, ________ many rare animals live. 8. The traveller and his pet dog ________ we ran into on the path were really lovely. 9. The advice ________ he put forward at the conference was well‑received. 10. We are living in an age ________ digital information spreads at high speed. 综合小测 1. The elderly painter ________ works show local folk culture has won wide praise online. 2. ________ is often the case, travelling can broaden teenagers’ horizons. 3. This is the most touching travel journal ________ I have ever read. 4. The small mountain town ________ we spent our spring vacation is well‑known for its tea gardens. 5. The reason ________ he offered for cancelling the trip sounded unbelievable. 6. There are dozens of ancient buildings in this scenic spot, some ________ date back to the Ming Dynasty. 7. The way ________ teenagers plan their tours reflects their living attitudes. 8. We reached the top of the hill, ________ we could overlook the whole valley below. 9. All ________ is needed for a pleasant journey is careful preparation and a positive mind. 10. The guide and his pet dog ________ we met at the entrance of the scenic spot were really impressive. 参考答案与解析 层级一：基础夯实篇 1. who/that 解析：先行词man指人，从句缺少主语。 2. that/which / 解析：先行词notebook指物，从句缺宾语，关系词可省略。 3. where/in which 解析：village为地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。 4. why/for which 解析：reason作先行词，从句缺原因状语。 5. that 解析：不定代词all作先行词，定语从句只用that。 6. whose 解析：所属关系，the girl’s handwriting。 7. when/on which 解析：the day时间名词，从句完整，缺时间状语。 8. whose 解析：所属关系，the novel’s cover。 9. that 解析：先行词被最高级修饰，只用that。 10. who/that 解析：先行词neighbours指人，从句作主语。 11. which/that 解析：先行词hall指物，从句缺主语。 12. whom/who/that / 解析：先行词professor指人，从句缺宾语，可省略。 13. that 解析：不定代词nothing作先行词，只用that。 14. where/in which 解析：park地点，从句完整，缺地点状语。 15. that 解析：先行词被the only修饰，只用that。 16. whom/who/that / 解析：先行词boy，作介词with的宾语，可省略。 17. that/which 解析：先行词films，从句缺主语。 18. when/at which 解析：moment时间名词，从句完整，缺时间状语。 19. whose 解析：所属关系，the flat’s windows。 20. who 解析：先行词anyone指人，从句缺主语。 层级二：能力提升篇 1. which 解析：逗号隔开非限制性定语从句，指代整件事，不能用that。 2. from whom 解析：固定搭配learn from sb；介词后指人只能用whom。 3. As 解析：as引导非限制性定语从句置于句首，译为“正如”。 4. on which 解析：固定搭配work on the project，介词提前。 5. from which 解析：from the tower“从高塔上”，介词后用which。 6. whose 解析：所属关系，the writer’s works。 7. when/during which 解析：days表时间，从句主谓完整，缺时间状语。 8. about which 解析：argue about sth“争论某事”，介词提前。 9. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代bicycle。 10. where/in which 解析：factory地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。 11. whom 解析：介词to之后，指人只能用whom。 12. As 解析：as was expected，固定表达“正如预料”。 13. to which 解析：agree to the suggestion同意提议，介词提前。 14. of which 解析：整体与部分关系，several of the trees。 15. that/which / 解析：陷阱：reason作先行词，explain缺少宾语，不用why；关系词可省略。 层级三：高考拔高篇 1. that/in which / 解析：the way的特殊用法；how不可引导定语从句。 2. that 解析：主句以Who开头提问，为避免重复，只用that。 3. has 解析：all指代“所有事情”视为单数，谓语动词用has。 4. that 解析：先行词被the very修饰，必须用that。 5. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情。 6. that/which / 解析：letter在从句作sent的宾语，关系词可以省略。 7. in which/where 解析：live in the forest，从句缺地点状语。 8. that 解析：先行词同时包含人+动物，只能用that。 9. that/which / 解析：advice作put forward的宾语，可省略。 10. when/in which 解析：age表示“时代”，表时间，从句完整，缺时间状语。 综合小测 1. whose 解析：所属关系，the painter’s works；whose在从句作定语修饰works。 2. As 解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，放句首；As is often the case 情况常常如此，固定句式。 3. that 解析：先行词被最高级the most touching修饰，只能用that。 4. where/in which 解析：先行词town地点；从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。 5. that/which / 解析：陷阱题：reason在从句中作offered的宾语，不用why；关系词作宾语可省略。 6. of which 解析：整体‑部分结构：some of the ancient buildings；介词后指物用which。 7. that/in which / 解析：先行词the way，定语从句固定三种表达；how不能引导定语从句。 8. from which / where 解析：“从山顶可以俯瞰山谷”；from which = where，在从句作地点状语。 9. that 解析：先行词为不定代词all，定语从句只用that。 10. that 解析：先行词同时包含人（the guide）和事物（his pet dog），只能用that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $