内容正文:
Unit 4 Changing and Growing(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕 Changing and Growing(变化与成长)主题,复习个人成长经历、遇到的困难、自身变化、感悟与未来期许的表达。
2、重点掌握描述性格、情绪、能力、习惯变化、困难挑战、建议类相关词汇和短语。
3、掌握过去进行时、非谓语动词(to do /doing)、used to 句型,熟练运用单元核心固定句型。
4、能围绕 “过去与现在的对比、成长中的经历、遇到问题、寻求建议、成长感悟” 开展口头和书面表达,学会描述自身变化、抒发成长感受。
复习重难点
重点:used to 句型;to do /doing 固定搭配;单元高频动词短语;描述成长变化、表达感受的句型。
难点:to do 和 doing 的用法辨析;过去进行时与一般过去时区分;写作中对比过去和现在,有条理叙述成长经历并表达感悟。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:1.How do you deal with changes?(你如何应对变化?)
(1) How
疑问词
含义
用法
例句
how
怎样;如何;(问方式 / 状况)
1. 询问做事方式2. 询问身体 / 情况3. 用于问候
① How do you go to school?你怎么去上学?② How is your mother?你妈妈身体怎么样?
how old
多大年纪
询问年龄,后接名词 / 代词
How old is he?他几岁?
how many
多少
询问可数名词数量,后 + 可数名词复数
How many books do you have?你有多少本书?
how much
多少;多少钱
1. 问不可数名词数量2. 问价格
① How much water do you want?你想要多少水?② How much is the pen?这支钢笔多少钱?
how long
多长;多久
1. 问物体长度2. 问时间段长短(回答 for + 一段时间)
① How long is the river?这条河多长?
② How long have you lived here?你在这里住多久了?
how far
多远
询问距离
How far is it from your home to school?从你家到学校有多远?
how often
多久一次
询问动作发生频率
How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次?
how soon
多久以后
询问将来还要多久,回答 in + 一段时间
How soon will he come back?他还要多久回来?
how tall
多高
询问人 / 物体高度
How tall is that boy?那个男孩有多高?
how heavy
多重
询问重量
How heavy is the box?这个箱子多重?
(2)deal with
deal v. 处理;应对;打交道
【知识点拓展】词形变换:过去式dealt;过去分词dealt;现在分词dealing
短语
含义
搭配特点
例句
deal with
处理;应对;打交道
与疑问词 how 连用
I don’t know how to deal with the trouble. 我不知道该怎样处理这个麻烦。
do with
处理;对付
与疑问词 what 连用
I don’t know what to do with the trouble. 我不知道该怎样处理这个麻烦。
必考固定搭配:
① deal with sth. 处理某事;应对某事
② deal with sb. 和某人打交道
中考典型例句:We should learn how to deal with our problems. 我们应该学会如何处理我们的问题。
【即时小练】
1. —Could you tell me ______ to deal with this problem?
—Of course. You can ask your teacher for help.
A. what B. how C. where D. when
2. —______ is it from your home to the bus station?
—It’s about two kilometers.
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon
3. —Could you tell me how to ______ the rubbish?
—Sure. You can put it into different bins.
A. deal with B. do with C. play with D. talk with
知识点2:When I feel tired, I often wash my face with cold water.(当我感到累时,我经常用冷水洗脸。)
when adv. & conj. 什么时候;当…… 时候
【知识点拓展】
词性:
① 疑问副词(什么时候,引导特殊疑问句)
② 连词(当…… 时,引导时间状语从句)
单词
含义
用法
例句
when
什么时候;当…… 时候
1. 可指时间点,也可指时间段2. 从句动词可短暂性动词,也可延续性动词3. 可用于主句和从句动作先后发生
When I got home, my mother was cooking.当我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。
while
当…… 时候
1. 只能指时间段2. 从句动词必须是延续性动词3. 强调两个动作同时进行
While my mother was cooking, I was reading.妈妈做饭的时候,我在看书。
必考固定搭配:
① when to do sth. 什么时候做某事
② since when 从什么时候起
中考典型例句:When you meet difficulties, you should keep calm.当你遇到困难时,你应该保持冷静。
【即时小练】
1.—______ will you go to visit your grandparents?
—Next Sunday.
A.When B.Where C.What D.Why
2.______ I was walking along the street, I saw a car accident.
A.When B.While C.If D.Because
3.I didn’t know ______ to hand in my homework.
A.when B.who C.which D.whose
知识点3:I failed the English exam.(我英语考试没及格。)
fail v. 失败;未能(做到);不及格;未能成功
【知识拓展】词形变换:failed(过去式 / 过去分词);failing(现在分词);failure n. 失败
必考固定搭配:
① fail (in) the exam 考试不及格(in 可省略)
② fail to do sth. 未能做某事
③ fail in sth. 在某事上失败
中考典型例句:Don’t be afraid if you fail to try again. 如果你失败了,不要害怕再试一次。
单词
含义
用法
例句
fail
失败;未能做;不及格
动词;强调没有成功做成某事,考试不及格
He failed the math exam. 他数学考试不及格。
fail to dosth.
未能做某事
fail 后面接不定式,不能接 doing
He failed to pass the exam. 他没能通过考试。
lose
输掉;丢失
动词;宾语常是比赛、物品;不能接 to do
He lost the game. 他输掉了比赛。
【即时小练】
1.He failed ______ the English test because he didn’t study hard.
A.pass B.to pass C.passing D.passed
2.She failed ______ the exam and felt very sad.
A.in B.for C.at D.with
3.They ______ to finish the work on time yesterday.
A.lost B.failed C.missed D.cut
知识点4:Don’t worry. You can do better next time.(别担心,下次你可以做得更好。)
worry v. 担心;担忧 n. 担心;烦恼
【知识点拓展】词形变换:worried(过去式 / 过去分词;形容词,担心的);worrying(现在分词;形容词,令人担忧的)
重点辨析
单词
含义
用法
例句
worried
adj. 感到担心的
修饰人;常用搭配 be worried about
She is worried about her son. 她担心她的儿子。
worrying
adj. 令人担忧的
修饰事物
The news is worrying. 这个消息令人担忧。
必考固定搭配:
① worry about sb./sth. 担心某人 / 某物(动词短语)
② be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人 / 某物(形容词短语)
中考典型例句:Don’t worry about me. I can look after myself.别担心我,我能照顾好自己。
【即时小练】
1.My parents are worried ______ my study all the time.
A.for B.about C.with D.at
2.The bad news made him ______.
A.worry B.worried C.worrying D.worries
知识点5:You can keep in touch with them and make new friends here.(你可以和他们保持联系,在这里交新朋友。)
keep in touch with 短语,和…… 保持联系
【知识点拓展】词形变换:keep-kept-kept;keeping(现在分词)
短语
含义
用法
例句
keep in touch with
与…… 保持联系
强调持续有联系
I keep in touch with my old friends. 我和老朋友保持联系。
get in touch with
与…… 取得联系
强调动作,原本没有联系,现在联系上
I got in touch with him last week. 上周我联系上了他。
lose touch with
与…… 失去联系
联系中断
I lost touch with my cousin. 我和表哥失去联系了。
必考固定搭配:
① keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系
② stay in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(同义短语)
中考典型例句:We should keep in touch with each other after graduation.
毕业后我们应该互相保持联系。
【即时小练】
1.It’s important to keep in touch ______ your friends.
A.with B.for C.to D.at
2.I tried to ______ in touch with my sister, but I couldn’t find her phone number.
A.keep B.get C.stay D.lose
知识点6:Time and tide wait for no man.(时不我待。)
wait for 短语,等待;等候
【知识点拓展】词形变换:wait — waited(过去式 / 过去分词);waiting(现在分词)
短语
含义
用法
例句
wait for
等待……
后接名词 / 代词,不能直接接人或物,必须加 for;强调等候某人 / 某物
I wait for the bus every morning. 我每天早上等公交车。
wait to do sth.
等着去做某事
wait 后面接不定式 to do
She waits to see the doctor. 她等着看医生。
wait and see
等着瞧
固定习语
Just wait and see. 咱们等着瞧。
必考固定搭配:
① wait for sb./sth. 等待某人 / 某物
② wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
中考典型例句:Please wait for me at the school gate.请在校门口等我。
【即时小练】
1.Many students are waiting ______ the school bus at the stop.
A.to B.for C.at D.with
2.We waited ______ the rain to stop.
A.for B.to C.in D.on
知识点7:In the beginning, she was always lonely because she didn’t have any friends.(起初,她因为没有朋友总是感到孤独。)
(1)lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的;荒凉的
【知识点拓展】词形变换:loneliness n. 孤独;寂寞
单词
含义
用法
例句
lonely
孤独的;荒凉的
形容词,内心情感上感到孤单;也可修饰地点,表示荒凉偏僻
He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.他独自居住,但并不觉得孤单。
alone
独自的(地)
形容词 / 副词,客观上独自一人,没有感情色彩,只表状态
She is alone at home.她独自一人在家。
必考固定搭配:
① feel lonely 感到孤独寂寞
② a lonely village 一座荒凉的村庄
中考典型例句:The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.这位老人独自居住,但他从不感到孤单。
(2) because conj. 因为
单词
含义
用法
例句
because
因为
连词,直接回答 why 提问,语气最强;原因是最主要、直接的;不能和 so 连用
He stayed at home because he was ill.因为生病了,他待在家里。
because of
因为
介词短语,后面接名词 / 代词 /doing,不能接句子
He stayed at home because of his illness.因为生病,他待在家里。
since
既然;由于
连词,侧重已知、显而易见的原因,语气弱
Since everyone is here, let’s start.既然大家都到了,我们开始吧。
必考固定搭配:
① because + 句子(主语 + 谓语)
② because of + 名词 / 代词 /v-ing
⚠️ 注意:because 和 so 不能同时出现在同一个句子里
中考典型例句:He didn’t go to the party because he had too much homework.他没有去聚会,因为他有太多作业。
【即时小练】
1.He failed the exam ______ he didn’t work hard.
A.because B.because of C.so D.but
2.Though he is ______ at home, he doesn’t feel ______.
A.alone; lonely B.lonely; alone C.alone; alone D.lonely; lonely
知识点8:Miss Wang, our English teacher, then introduced her to Lingling. They soon became very close friends.(我们的英语老师王老师后来把她介绍给了玲玲,她们很快成了亲密的朋友。)
introduce v. 介绍;引见;引进
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:introduced(过去式 / 过去分词);introducing(现在分词);introduction n. 介绍;引言
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
introduce sb.
介绍某人
不能说 introduce sb. sb.,要用介词 to
Let me introduce my friend to you. 让我把我的朋友介绍给你。
introduce oneself
自我介绍
反身代词作宾语
He introduced himself at the meeting. 他在会上做了自我介绍。
recommend
推荐
recommend sb. sth. /recommend sth. to sb. 推荐某物给某人
He recommended a good book to me. 他向我推荐一本好书。
必考固定搭配:
① introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
② introduce oneself 自我介绍
③ introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍某物
中考典型例句:She introduced her new classmate to us.她把她的新同学介绍给我们。
【即时小练】
1.Let me introduce my sister ______ you.
A.for B.to C.with D.at
2.The boy stood up and ______ himself to the whole class.
A.introduced B.invented C.invited D.interviewed
知识点9:Lastly, don’t compare yourself with others. Everyone shines in their own ways.(最后,不要和别人比较。每个人都有自己的闪光点。)
(1)compare v. 比较;对比
词形变换:compared(过去式 / 过去分词);comparing(现在分词);comparison n. 比较;对比
短语
含义
用法
例句
compare A with B
把 A 和 B 对比
强调比较两者之间的异同
We compare this car with that one. 我们把这辆车和那辆车对比。
compare A to B
把 A 比作 B
侧重比喻,将一物比作另一物
People compare children to flowers. 人们把孩子比作花朵。
必考固定搭配:
① compare A with B 把 A 与 B 作比较
② compare A to B 把 A 比作 B
③ be compared with 与…… 相比(被动)
④ be compared to 被比作……(被动)
中考典型例句:We often compare our life today with the life in the past.我们经常把现在的生活和过去的生活作比较。
【即时小练】
1.People often compare books ______ friends.
A.with B.to C.for D.at
2.If you compare this picture ______ that one, you will find many differences.
A.to B.for C.with D.of
(2)own adj. 自己的;v. 拥有
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:owned(过去式 / 过去分词);owning(现在分词);owner n. 主人;所有者
单词
含义
用法
例句
own
adj. 自己的;v. 拥有
adj. 常放在形容词性物主代词后(my/your/his own);v. 强调合法拥有某物
This is my own room. 这是我自己的房间。He owns a small house. 他拥有一间小房子。
have
有;拥有
通用动词,可表拥有物品、疾病、抽象事物,不强调合法持有
I have a new pen. 我有一支新钢笔。
必考固定搭配:
① one’s own 某人自己的
② of one’s own 属于某人自己的
③ on one’s own = by oneself 独自;单独
中考典型例句:She wants to have a room of her own.她想拥有一间属于自己的房间。
【即时小练】
1.I hope I can have a computer ______ my own.
A.of B.on C.for D.with
2.He finished the difficult work on his ______.
A.owner B.own C.owns D.owning
知识点10:Last October, I signed up for a music club. I felt so lucky to make some good friends there.(去年十月,我报名参加了音乐俱乐部。能在那里交到好朋友,我感到很幸运。)
sign up for 报名参加
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:sign — signed(过去式 / 过去分词);signing(现在分词);sign n. 标志;记号;指示牌
短语
含义
用法
例句
sign up for
报名参加(课程、活动、比赛)
强调报名注册,后面接活动、课程名称
I want to sign up for the English club. 我想报名参加英语俱乐部。
join
加入
加入团体、组织、人群,成为其中一员
He joined the army last year. 他去年参军了。
take part in
参加
参加群众性活动、会议、比赛,侧重参与活动
She took part in the sports meeting. 她参加了运动会。
必考固定搭配:
① sign up for sth. 报名参加某事
② sign up 签约;报名(不及物,后面不加宾语)
中考典型例句:Many students sign up for the summer camp every year.每年很多学生报名参加夏令营。
【即时小练】
1.Would you like to sign up ______ the speech competition?
A.for B.to C.with D.at
2.My brother decided to ______ for the swimming class.
A.join B.take part C.sign up D.play
知识点11:My parents didn’t allow me to learn singing. They said, “It is a waste of time.”(我父母不允许我学唱歌,他们说 “这是浪费时间”。)
(1)allow v. 允许;准许
【知识点拓展】词形变换:allowed(过去式 / 过去分词);allowing(现在分词)
重点辨析
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
allow sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事
allow 后接人,再接不定式
My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends.我的父母允许我周末看电视。
allow doing sth.
允许做某事
后面直接接动名词,不接人
We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
be allowed to do sth.
被允许做某事
被动结构
We are allowed to use dictionaries in the exam.考试中我们被允许使用词典。
必考固定搭配:
① allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
② allow doing sth. 允许做某事
③ be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
④ be not allowed to do sth. 不被允许做某事
中考典型例句:We are not allowed to eat in class.我们不被允许在课堂上吃东西。
【即时小练】
1.My mother doesn’t allow me ______ computer games on school days.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
2.We don’t allow ______ in the library.
A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked
(2)waste v. 浪费;滥用 n. 浪费;废弃物
【知识点拓展】词形变换:wasted(过去式 / 过去分词);wasting(现在分词);wasteful adj. 浪费的
必考固定搭配:
① waste sth. (in) doing sth. 浪费某物做某事
② waste sth. on sth. 在某事 / 某物上浪费……
③ a waste of … …… 的浪费
中考典型例句:It’s a waste of time to argue with him.和他争论是浪费时间。
【即时小练】
1.Don’t waste your time ______ computer games.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
2.It’s a waste ______ water to leave the tap running.
A.of B.for C.with D.to
知识点12:When Mrs. Zhang learnt about this, she advised me to have an open and honest talk with my parents.(当张老师知道这件事后,建议我和父母进行一次坦诚的交流。)
advise v. 建议;劝告
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:advised(过去式 / 过去分词);advising(现在分词);advice n. 建议(不可数名词)
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
advise sb. to do sth.
建议某人做某事
advise 后接人,再接不定式 to do
My teacher advises me to read more books.老师建议我多读书。
advise doing sth.
建议做某事
advise 后面直接接动名词,不加人
He advises going there by bus.他建议坐公交车去那里。
suggest
建议
suggest doing sth.;不能说 suggest sb. to do sth.
She suggests having a rest.她建议休息一下。
必考固定搭配:
① advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
② advise doing sth. 建议做某事
③ advise sb. against doing sth. 劝告某人不要做某事
中考典型例句:I advise you to give up smoking.我建议你戒烟。
【即时小练】
1.The doctor advised me ______ more exercise.
A.take B.to take C.taking D.took
2.He advised ______ to the park this weekend.
A.go B.to go C.going D.goes
知识点13:The doctor feels helpless to save the patient’s life. He wishes he could be more helpful.(医生对挽救病人的生命感到无能为力,他希望自己能更有帮助。)
(1)helpless adj. 无助的;无能力的;不能自立的
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:help v./n. 帮助;helpful adj. 有帮助的;helplessly adv. 无助地;helplessness n. 无助
单词
含义
用法
例句
helpless
adj. 无助的,无能为力的
描述人处于困境,没办法自救;否定含义
The little girl felt helpless in the dark.小女孩在黑暗中感到无助。
helpful
adj. 有帮助的,有益的
用来形容人或事物,能提供帮助
The book is helpful for your study.这本书对你的学习有帮助。
必考固定搭配:
① feel helpless 感到无助
② helpless children 无助的孩子
中考典型例句:When he lost his way, he felt helpless.当他迷路的时候,他感到很无助。
【即时小练】
1.The poor boy felt ______ when he couldn’t find his mother.
A.helpful B.helpless C.careful D.hopeful
2.The advice is very ______ and it helps me a lot.
A.helpless B.helpful C.useless D.boring
(2)wish v. 希望;祝愿;n. 愿望,祝福
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:wished(过去式 / 过去分词);wishing(现在分词);wishes(第三人称单数 / 名词复数)
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
wish to do sth.
希望做某事
wish 后接不定式,难以实现或可能性较小的愿望
I wish to visit the moon one day.我希望有一天能去月球。
wish sb. sth.
祝愿某人……
接双宾语,用来表达祝福
I wish you good luck.祝你好运。
hope to do sth.
希望做某事
侧重有可能实现的愿望,不能说 hope sb. to do
I hope to go to Beijing.我希望去北京。
必考固定搭配:
① wish to do sth. 希望做某事
② wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人……
③ wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
④ best wishes 最美好的祝愿(常用贺卡结尾)
中考典型例句:I wish you a happy new year.祝你新年快乐。
【即时小练】
1.I wish ______ to the Great Wall with my parents.
A.go B.to go C.going D.went
2.We wish you ______.
A.happy B.happily C.happiness D.to happy
知识点14:The symbols are very useful to pay online, but they are useless without a cellphone.(这些符号对在线支付很有用,但没有手机就毫无用处。)
useful adj. 有用的;有益的
词形变换:use v./n. 使用;useless adj. 无用的;usefully adv. 有用地;usefulness n. 用处
单词
含义
用法
例句
useful
adj. 有用的,有益的
修饰人或事物,常用 be useful to/for
The dictionary is useful to me. 这本词典对我有用。
useless
adj. 无用的,无效的
否定含义,less 后缀表 “无…… 的”
It’s useless to argue with him. 和他争论没有用。
必考固定搭配:
① be useful to sb. 对某人有用
② be useful for doing sth. 对于做某事有用
③ It’s useful to do sth. 做某事是有用的
中考典型例句:Reading is useful for improving your English.阅读对于提高你的英语是有用的。
【即时小练】
1.This notebook is useful ______ my English study.
A.to B.for C.with D.at
2.It’s ______ to learn some life skills. They can help us a lot.
A.useless B.useful C.careless D.hopeless
知识点15:What were you doing at this time yesterday? I was watching a movie with my parents.(昨天这个时候你在做什么?我在和父母一起看电影。)
过去进行时,表示过去某个时刻 / 某段时间正在进行的动作
【知识点拓展】结构:was /were + doing(现在分词)
时态
含义
用法
例句
过去进行时
过去某一时间正在做
强调过去动作正在进行;常和 when/while 连用
I was reading at 8:00 last night.昨晚八点我正在看书。
一般过去时
过去做了(动作已结束)
强调动作完成,只陈述过去发生事实
I read a book yesterday.昨天我读了一本书。
必考固定搭配 / 时间标志词:
① at that time 在那时
② at + 具体时刻 + last night/yesterday
③ from 7 to 9 yesterday 昨天 7 点到 9 点
④ when + 一般过去时(短暂动作);while + 过去进行时(延续动作)
中考典型例句:My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。
【即时小练】
1.I ______ my homework at 8 o’clock last night.
A.do B.did C.was doing D.am doing
2.While my sister ______, my father was watching TV.
A.sings B.sang C.was singing D.is singing
知识点16:During my 8th grade, I went through many changes. As I was growing taller, I was gaining weight quickly.(八年级时,我经历了很多变化。在我长高的同时,体重也增长得很快。)
(1)go through 短语,经历;经受;浏览;检查;穿过
【知识点拓展】词形变换:go — went(过去式)— gone(过去分词);going(现在分词)
短语
含义
用法
例句
go through
经历;经受;浏览;检查
侧重经历困难、痛苦;快速翻阅资料;仔细检查
He went through a hard time last year.去年他经历了一段艰难的时期。
look through
浏览;快速查看
多指快速翻阅书籍、试卷,不强调苦难
Please look through your paper carefully.请仔细浏览你的试卷。
pass through
穿过;经过
侧重从空间穿过某地
We passed through a small village.我们穿过一个小村庄。
必考固定搭配:
① go through difficulties/troubles 经历困难
② go through the papers 浏览 / 检查文件
③ go through a hard time 经历艰难时期
中考典型例句:You should go through your notes before the exam.考试前你应该浏览你的笔记。
【即时小练】
1.He went ______ a lot of difficulties when he was young.
A.through B.across C.over D.for
2.Please ______ through the article quickly and find the key sentence.
A.go B.look C.get D.walk
(2)weight n. 重量;体重;重担
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:weigh v. 称重;重达;weighty adj. 沉重的;重大的
单词
含义
用法
例句
weight
n. 重量;体重
不可数名词,用来表示事物的重量,常用在名词短语中
What’s the weight of the elephant?这头大象的体重是多少?
weigh
v. 称重;重达
实义动词,作句子谓语,后面可直接接重量数值
The elephant weighs two tons.这头大象重达两吨。
必考固定搭配:
① lose weight 减肥
② put on weight 长胖,增加体重
③ What’s the weight of …? …… 的重量是多少?
中考典型例句:He exercises every day to lose weight.他每天锻炼来减肥。
【即时小练】
1.What’s the ______ of this big stone?
A.weigh B.weight C.weighs D.weighty
2.The little dog ______ 3 kilos.
A.weight B.weighs C.weigh D.weights
知识点17:Luckily, my elder sister, Zhenzhen, noticed how I was feeling. She was always there to listen.(幸运的是,我姐姐珍珍注意到了我的情绪,她总是在我身边倾听。)
luckily adv. 幸运地;幸好
【知识点拓展】
luck n. 运气;lucky adj. 幸运的;luckily adv. 幸运地;unlucky adj. 不幸的;unluckily adv. 不幸地
单词
含义
用法
例句
luckily
adv. 幸运地,幸好
副词,通常放句首,修饰整个句子,后面加逗号
Luckily, I passed the exam.幸运的是,我通过了考试。
lucky
adj. 幸运的
形容词,修饰名词或放在 be 动词后作表语
I am lucky to meet you.我很幸运遇见你。
必考固定搭配:
① lucky to do sth. 幸运地做某事
② Good luck! 祝你好运!
③ Luckily, … 幸运的是……(放句首)
中考典型例句:Luckily, no one was hurt in the accident.幸运的是,事故中没有人受伤。
【即时小练】
1.______, he caught the last bus home.
A.Lucky B.Luckily C.Unlucky D.Unluckily
2.You are ______ to get the nice prize.
A.luck B.luckily C.lucky D.luckies
知识点18:Meimei failed her math exam again. Her mom was very angry with her.(梅梅数学考试又没及格,她妈妈很生气。)
be angry with 对某人生气
【知识点拓展】词形变换:angry adj. 生气的;angrily adv. 生气地;anger n. 怒火,愤怒
短语
含义
用法
例句
be angry with sb.
对某人生气
对象是人
My teacher was angry with me because I was late.老师因为我迟到而生我的气。
be angry at/about sth.
因某事生气
对象是事情 / 事物
He is angry about the bad news.他因为这个坏消息而生气。
必考固定搭配:
① be angry with sb. 对某人生气
② be angry at/about sth. 因某事生气
③ be angry to do sth. 做某事感到生气
中考典型例句:Don’t be angry with him. It’s not his fault.别生他的气,这不是他的错。
【即时小练】
1.My mother was angry ______ me because I broke the cup.
A.with B.about C.at D.for
2.He is angry ______ what you said just now.
A.with B.about C.to D.of
单元语法:后缀 -less & -ful和过去进行时
(1) 后缀 -less & -ful
概念:
在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法或词缀法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。
本节课主要探讨英语中常见的形容词后缀 -less和-ful的用法。
【考点01】形容词后缀 -less和-ful的用法:
一、后缀 -ful 的用法
(1)含义:表示 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 性质的”“有…… 倾向的”,带有肯定或积极的语义(部分为中性)。
(2)用法:通常加在名词后,构成形容词,强调 “具备该名词所指事物的特征” 或 “充满该事物”。
(3)常用单词转换示例及例句:
①care(n.小心)→ careful(adj.小心的)
如:Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。
②help(n.帮助)→ helpful(adj.有帮助的)
如:The teacher gave us some helpful advice.老师给了我们一些有用的建议。
③use(n.用途)→ useful(adj.有用的)
如:This dictionary is very useful for learning English.这本词典对学英语很有用。
④hope(n.希望)→ hopeful(adj.有希望的)
如:We are hopeful about the future.我们对未来充满希望。
⑤wonder(n.奇迹)→ wonderful(adj.极好的)
如:It was a wonderful trip to the mountains.那次登山之旅太棒了。
⑥pain(n.疼痛)→ painful(adj.痛苦的)
如:The injury caused a painful feeling.伤口带来了痛苦的感觉。
二、后缀 -less 的用法
(1)含义:表示 “无…… 的”“缺乏…… 的”“不…… 的”,带有否定或消极的语义(部分为中性)。
(2)用法:通常加在名词后,构成形容词,强调 “缺乏该名词所指事物的特征” 或 “没有该事物”。
(3)常用单词转换示例及例句:
①care(n.小心)→ careless(adj.粗心的)
如:His careless mistake led to the failure.他的粗心错误导致了失败。
②hope(n.希望)→ hopeless(adj.无望的)
如:The situation seemed hopeless at that time.那时情况似乎毫无希望。
③home(n.家)→ homeless(adj.无家可归的)
如:Many volunteers help homeless people in winter.冬天许多志愿者帮助无家可归的人。
④end(n.尽头)→ endless(adj.无尽的)
如:We walked through the endless forest.我们穿过了无边无际的森林。
⑤fear(n.恐惧)→ fearless(adj.无畏的)
如:The fearless firefighter rushed into the burning house.无畏的消防员冲进了着火的房子。
⑥harm(n.伤害)→ harmless(adj.无害的)
如:This kind of insect is harmless to humans.这种昆虫对人类无害。
【考点02】形容词后缀 -less和-ful的区别:
对比维度
-ful
-less
核心含义
肯定:
“充满…… 的”“有…… 的”
否定:
“无…… 的”“缺乏…… 的”
语义倾向
多为积极,如 helpful 有帮助的、wonderful 极好的
部分中性,如 painful 痛苦的
多为消极,如 careless 粗心的、hopeless 无望的
部分中性,如 harmless 无害的
与名词的关系
强调 “具备名词的特征” 或 “充满名词所指事物”
强调 “缺乏名词的特征” 或 “没有名词所指事物”
常见搭配
多与表示积极或中性意义的名词搭配(如 care、hope、use)
多与表示必要或重要事物的名词搭配(如 care、home、hope)
总结:-ful 和 -less 是一对语义相反的后缀,-ful 从肯定角度描述 “有 / 充满”,-less 从否定角度描述 “无 / 缺乏”。
如:The doctor feels helpless to save the patient's life.He wishes he could be more helpful .
医生对挽救病人的生命感到无助。他希望自己能更有帮助。
(2) 过去进行时
概念:
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
过去进行时由“助动词be(was/were)+现在分词(动词-ing形式)”构成。
当主语是第一人称和第三人称单数时,要用was,其他则用were。
如:①Linda was drawing pictures at five yesterday afternoon.昨天下午五点琳达正在画画。
②The children were doing their homework from 6:00 to 8:00 yesterday evening.昨晚六点到八点孩子们正在做作业。
【考点01】过去进行时的用法:
1. 表示临时性:在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。
如:It happened while I was living in Beijing last year.这件事发生在我去年住在北京的时候。
2. 表示计划:为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
如:He said that his sister was getting married next December.他说他妹妹明年 12 月要结婚了。
用arrive,come,go,1eave等动词的过去进行时描写行程安排,也通常有含有将来意。
如:He said he was leaving for home in a day or two.他说他一两天后就要回家了。
3. 表示委婉语气:动词hope,wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
如:I was hoping you would give me some advice.我当时希望你能给我一些建议。
4. 表示重复:过去进行时有时可以与 always,constantly,forever 等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复。
如:She was always thinking of others.她总是想着别人。
【考点02】过去进行时的应用:
1. 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语:
如:(1)表示过去具体时间点:
①at+具体时刻+过去时间(at five last Saturday 上周六五点)
②at this time+过去时间(at this time yesterday 昨天这个时候 )
③at that time/moment在那个时刻
④then在那时
(2)表示过去时间段:
①from..to...yesterday 昨天从…… 到……
from nine to ten last evening (昨晚九点到十点)
②all the time yesterday 昨天一整天
2. 叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用while。
如:I was studying at home while my brother was playing football on the playground.我在家学习的时候,我弟弟正在操场上踢足球。
3. 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
如:I was studying English during last summer holiday.去年暑假期间我一直在学英语。
【考点03】过去进行时的句型结构:
句式
句式结构
例句
肯定句
主语+was/were +现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
This time yesterday Jack was watching TV.
昨天这个时候,杰克在看电视。
否定句
主语+was/were+not +现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV.He was repairing his bike.昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
一般疑问句
was/were +主语+现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
肯定回答: Yes,主语+was / were.否定回答:No,主语+wasn't / weren't.
Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon?昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
肯定回答:Yes,we were.是的,我们在打。
否定回答:No,we weren’t.不,我们没打。
特殊疑问句
疑问词+was / were+主语+现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
①What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在做什么?
②What was he doing all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在做什么?
时间标志词
then (那时),at that time(当时),at ten yesterday(昨天十点),at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候),this morning(今天早上),the whole morning(整个上午),all day(一整天),from nine to ten last evening(昨晚九点到十点),when(当…… 时),while(当…… 时,强调动作同时发生)等.
【考点04】过去进行时的现在分词(V-ing)的变形规律:
结尾字母
变形规律
例词
一般情况
直接加-ing
play →playing read→ reading
以不发音e结尾
去e加-ing
dance→ dancing write→writing
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写辅音字母加-ing
run→running
swim→swimming
以ie 结尾
变ie为y加-ing
die →dying lie →lying
【考点05】与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时着重表示过去某个时候发生了某件事情,强调所做的动作已完成;
②过去进行时表示某个动作在过去某个时候正在发生或进行,强调动作正在进行。
如:①I did my homework yesterday evening.我昨晚做了作业。
(表示did这个动作在昨晚发生过,did这一动作已经完成)
②I was doing my homework at eight o’clock yesterday evening.昨晚八点我在做作业。
(表示昨晚八点在做作业,动作在过去这个时间正在进行中)
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1.Last month, when we visited a wildlife park (野生动物园) in Yunnan, we saw that two young elephants ________ for a basket of fresh bananas. (fight)
2.Meimei ________ (fail) her math exam again.
3.His ________ (grow) experience taught him to be independent.
4.Reading more books is a good way to make ________ (improve) in our writing.
5.We should adapt to the ________ (change) environment quickly.
6.My little brother has put on five kilos in ________ (weigh) this year.
7.We should learn to solve ________ (difficult) on our own instead of asking for help immediately.
8.After that, my parents started ________ (understand) my love for music.
9.I can ________ (recommend) her to you.
10.Rick didn’t know that his grandma ________ (save) cookies for him all the time.
11.Mother Fox realized that danger ________ (wait) for her on the grape mountain.
12.The boy ________ (fix) his bike when I saw him yesterday.
13.My mother __________ (water) flowers when I came back.
14.People ________ (run) in all directions while bricks were raining down.
15.He __________ (introduce) an old painting to a few foreign visitors when I arrived.
16.I moved here a month ago. I ________ (miss) my friends in my hometown.
17.Don’t worry. You can do ________ (good) next time.
18.He learned a lot after visiting many ________ (wonder) places.
19.You were doing very well yesterday. Be ________ (hope) and you’ll succeed.
20.As I was growing taller, I was ________ (gain) weight quickly.
二、单项选择
21.The old man lives ________ in a small house, but he never feels ________.
A.alone; alone B.lonely; lonely C.alone; lonely D.lonely; alone
22.She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the funny story.
A.laugh B.laughed C.laughing D.to laugh
23.Mr. Zhu gave us much ________ on how to learn English.
A.advice B.advise C.suggestion D.suggest
24.She ________ she might miss the important meeting.
A.worries about B.worried that C.worries with D.worried for
25.Learning how to ________ difficulties is an important skill for everyone.
A.deal with B.compare with C.shine with D.discover with
26.We have kept in touch ________ each other since we graduated from college.
A.with B.to C.for D.by
27.Let me ________ my best friend to you—this is Lily, who is very kind.
A.introduce B.introduction C.introducing D.introduced
28.Everyone expresses their ideas ________, so we should respect different opinions.
A.in their own ways B.in one’s own ways
C.with their own ways D.by one’s own ways
29.She was late for school ________ she missed the early bus.
A.so B.but C.because D.and
30.Playing computer games all day is ________ ________ time.
A.a waste; of B.waste; of C.a waste; for D.waste; for
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A 、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
Two men, both seriously ill, stayed in the same hospital room. One man could sit up in his bed for an hour each morning. His bed was next to the room’s only window. 31 man couldn’t move and had to lie on the back all the time. And the two men would 32 for hours to kill the time.
They spoke of their wives, homes, and jobs. Every morning the man by the window would sit up and 33 all the things he could see outside the window to his roommate (室友). The man lying in bed would 34 silently and during this moment he would feel his world was 35 by all the activities and colors of the world outside.
Days and weeks passed. One morning, the nurse found the man by the window was 36 in his sleep. She was very sad and called the working people to take the body away.
The other man was asked to move 37 the window. Slowly and painfully, he also 38 to take his first look at the world outside. However, what he saw was just a 39 .
The man asked the nurse why. The nurse replied that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to 40 you.”
31.A.The first B.The other C.The next D.The last
32.A.eat B.sing C.talk D.sleep
33.A.draw B.invent C.buy D.describe
34.A.write B.watch C.listen D.cry
35.A.blackened B.brightened C.burned D.polluted
36.A.dead B.healthy C.asleep D.awake
37.A.far from B.close to C.out of D.on top of
38.A.stood up B.sat up C.grew up D.stayed up
39.A.sky B.house C.street D.wall
40.A.believe B.challenge C.encourage D.introduce
四、语法选择
My dad was a fisherman. He had 41 boat, but it was difficult to make a living on the sea. It was dangerous, too. He worked very hard and stayed out all day and night 42 enough (足够的) fish for the family.
When the weather was bad, my father didn’t work. He drove 43 to school. We talked a lot on the way. Before he 44 , he would give me a big kiss on the face. It was so embarrassing (尴尬的) for me.
I still remember the day. When I 45 12 years old, I thought I was too old for a goodbye kiss. We got to school and came to a stop. He had his usual big smile and started to kiss me, 46 I put my hand up and said, “No, Dad.” It was the 47 time that I had talked to him in that way.
I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss.” My dad looked at me sadly for a long time. I never saw him 48 before. But he really cried that time. I sat there and didn’t know 49 to say. Then he said, “You are right. You are a big boy...a man. I won’t kiss you anymore.”
One day, my dad went to the sea and never returned. I felt so 50 . I wanted one more kiss from my father. But I couldn’t get any anymore.
41.A.a B.the C./ D.an
42.A.catch B.catching C.to catch D.caught
43.A.my B.me C.our D.us
44.A.leave B.leaves C.will leave D.left
45.A.am B.are C.was D.were
46.A.and B.so C.because D.but
47.A.one B.first C.two D.second
48.A.cry B.shout C.smile D.talk
49.A.how B.what C.where D.when
50.A.sad B.sadly C.happy D.happily
四、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并在相应的横线上填入其正确形式,使文章完整连贯。注意每词限用一次。
阅读短文,从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
angry if easy problem stay agree way lesson play how
People all have problems. We may have problems with our parents, our teachers, our relatives (亲戚), our neighbors, some strangers or even our best friends. But we should learn to deal with (处理) 51 . If we don’t deal with these problems, we can 52 become unhappy. Worrying about our problems can affect (影响) 53 we do things at school. It can also affect what we do with our families. So how do we deal with our problems? There are many 54 and here is one of them.
Most of us have probably been 55 with our friends, parents or teachers. Perhaps they said something you didn’t like, or you felt they were unfair (不公平的), or their misunderstanding of you. Sometimes people can 56 angry for years about a small problem. 57 we can’t solve the problem, good friendship may be lost. Perhaps we see young children 58 together. Sometimes they don’t 59 with each other, and decide not to talk to each other. However, this usually does not last (持续) for long. This is an important 60 for us to learn.
五、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Almost every week, Yu Qiang, a policeman from Nanjing, visits his friend’s mom to help with chores.
Yu Qiang and Hou Jianlin 61 (meet) in 1992 and became friends soon. But Hou died in a car accident at 62 age of 30. “Hou was the only child. His 63 (die) made his parents really sad. So when I heard the bad news, I asked 64 (I) who his parents could depend on next. I 65 (think) about it for a long time and finally I made a decision.” Yu said.
Yu visited Hou’s parents and promised to look after them. He kept his word 66 he was really busy. He often provided daily supplies (日常用品) 67 them.
After Hou’s father died, Yu started to visit more often. He helped her do things like 68 (repair) broken chairs and working. He also bought her a mobile phone to make it 69 (easy) to stay in touch (保持联系) than before. “Hou’s mom often says that I give her the hope. Every time I visit, she talks with me 70 (happy).” Yu said.
6
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Unit 4 Changing and Growing(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕 Changing and Growing(变化与成长)主题,复习个人成长经历、遇到的困难、自身变化、感悟与未来期许的表达。
2、重点掌握描述性格、情绪、能力、习惯变化、困难挑战、建议类相关词汇和短语。
3、掌握过去进行时、非谓语动词(to do /doing)、used to 句型,熟练运用单元核心固定句型。
4、能围绕 “过去与现在的对比、成长中的经历、遇到问题、寻求建议、成长感悟” 开展口头和书面表达,学会描述自身变化、抒发成长感受。
复习重难点
重点:used to 句型;to do /doing 固定搭配;单元高频动词短语;描述成长变化、表达感受的句型。
难点:to do 和 doing 的用法辨析;过去进行时与一般过去时区分;写作中对比过去和现在,有条理叙述成长经历并表达感悟。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:1.How do you deal with changes?(你如何应对变化?)
(1) How
疑问词
含义
用法
例句
how
怎样;如何;(问方式 / 状况)
1. 询问做事方式2. 询问身体 / 情况3. 用于问候
① How do you go to school?你怎么去上学?② How is your mother?你妈妈身体怎么样?
how old
多大年纪
询问年龄,后接名词 / 代词
How old is he?他几岁?
how many
多少
询问可数名词数量,后 + 可数名词复数
How many books do you have?你有多少本书?
how much
多少;多少钱
1. 问不可数名词数量2. 问价格
① How much water do you want?你想要多少水?② How much is the pen?这支钢笔多少钱?
how long
多长;多久
1. 问物体长度2. 问时间段长短(回答 for + 一段时间)
① How long is the river?这条河多长?
② How long have you lived here?你在这里住多久了?
how far
多远
询问距离
How far is it from your home to school?从你家到学校有多远?
how often
多久一次
询问动作发生频率
How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次?
how soon
多久以后
询问将来还要多久,回答 in + 一段时间
How soon will he come back?他还要多久回来?
how tall
多高
询问人 / 物体高度
How tall is that boy?那个男孩有多高?
how heavy
多重
询问重量
How heavy is the box?这个箱子多重?
(2)deal with
deal v. 处理;应对;打交道
【知识点拓展】词形变换:过去式dealt;过去分词dealt;现在分词dealing
短语
含义
搭配特点
例句
deal with
处理;应对;打交道
与疑问词 how 连用
I don’t know how to deal with the trouble. 我不知道该怎样处理这个麻烦。
do with
处理;对付
与疑问词 what 连用
I don’t know what to do with the trouble. 我不知道该怎样处理这个麻烦。
必考固定搭配:
① deal with sth. 处理某事;应对某事
② deal with sb. 和某人打交道
中考典型例句:We should learn how to deal with our problems. 我们应该学会如何处理我们的问题。
【即时小练】
1. —Could you tell me ______ to deal with this problem?
—Of course. You can ask your teacher for help.
A. what B. how C. where D. when
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 你能告诉我如何处理这个问题吗?—— 当然。你可以向老师求助。deal with 要与 how 搭配;do with 和 what 搭配。how to deal with 如何处理,故选 B。
2. —______ is it from your home to the bus station?
—It’s about two kilometers.
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 从你家到汽车站有多远?—— 大约两千米。how far 询问距离;how long 问长度 / 时间段;how often 问频率;how soon 问多久以后。答句是距离,故选 B。
3. —Could you tell me how to ______ the rubbish?
—Sure. You can put it into different bins.
A. deal with B. do with C. play with D. talk with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—— 你能告诉我如何处理垃圾吗?—— 当然。你可以把它放进不同的垃圾桶。deal with 处理(与 how 搭配);do with 处理(与 what 搭配);play with 和…… 玩耍;talk with 和…… 交谈。句中有 how,故选 A。
知识点2:When I feel tired, I often wash my face with cold water.(当我感到累时,我经常用冷水洗脸。)
when adv. & conj. 什么时候;当…… 时候
【知识点拓展】
词性:
① 疑问副词(什么时候,引导特殊疑问句)
② 连词(当…… 时,引导时间状语从句)
单词
含义
用法
例句
when
什么时候;当…… 时候
1. 可指时间点,也可指时间段2. 从句动词可短暂性动词,也可延续性动词3. 可用于主句和从句动作先后发生
When I got home, my mother was cooking.当我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。
while
当…… 时候
1. 只能指时间段2. 从句动词必须是延续性动词3. 强调两个动作同时进行
While my mother was cooking, I was reading.妈妈做饭的时候,我在看书。
必考固定搭配:
① when to do sth. 什么时候做某事
② since when 从什么时候起
中考典型例句:When you meet difficulties, you should keep calm.当你遇到困难时,你应该保持冷静。
【即时小练】
1.—______ will you go to visit your grandparents?
—Next Sunday.
A.When B.Where C.What D.Why
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—— 你什么时候去看望你的祖父母?—— 下周日。when 什么时候;where 在哪里;what 什么;why 为什么。答语是时间,用 when 提问,故选 A。
2.______ I was walking along the street, I saw a car accident.
A.When B.While C.If D.Because
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我沿着街道散步的时候,我看见了一场车祸。while 引导时间状语从句,从句动词为延续性动词,强调动作同时发生;when 既可接短暂性动词也可接延续性动词。walk 是延续性动词,此处强调同步进行,故选 B。
3.I didn’t know ______ to hand in my homework.
A.when B.who C.which D.whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我不知道什么时候上交我的作业。when to do sth. 什么时候做某事;who 谁;which 哪一个;whose 谁的。结合句意,故选 A。
知识点3:I failed the English exam.(我英语考试没及格。)
fail v. 失败;未能(做到);不及格;未能成功
【知识拓展】词形变换:failed(过去式 / 过去分词);failing(现在分词);failure n. 失败
必考固定搭配:
① fail (in) the exam 考试不及格(in 可省略)
② fail to do sth. 未能做某事
③ fail in sth. 在某事上失败
中考典型例句:Don’t be afraid if you fail to try again. 如果你失败了,不要害怕再试一次。
单词
含义
用法
例句
fail
失败;未能做;不及格
动词;强调没有成功做成某事,考试不及格
He failed the math exam. 他数学考试不及格。
fail to dosth.
未能做某事
fail 后面接不定式,不能接 doing
He failed to pass the exam. 他没能通过考试。
lose
输掉;丢失
动词;宾语常是比赛、物品;不能接 to do
He lost the game. 他输掉了比赛。
【即时小练】
1.He failed ______ the English test because he didn’t study hard.
A.pass B.to pass C.passing D.passed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他没能通过英语考试,因为他学习不努力。考查固定搭配 fail to do sth. 未能做某事,fail 后要用不定式,故选 B。
2.She failed ______ the exam and felt very sad.
A.in B.for C.at D.with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她考试不及格,感到很难过。固定搭配 fail in the exam 考试不及格,in 可以省略,故选 A。
3.They ______ to finish the work on time yesterday.
A.lost B.failed C.missed D.cut
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天他们没能按时完成这项工作。lose 输掉、丢失;fail to do 未能做;miss 错过;cut 切割。根据 to finish,选 B。
知识点4:Don’t worry. You can do better next time.(别担心,下次你可以做得更好。)
worry v. 担心;担忧 n. 担心;烦恼
【知识点拓展】词形变换:worried(过去式 / 过去分词;形容词,担心的);worrying(现在分词;形容词,令人担忧的)
重点辨析
单词
含义
用法
例句
worried
adj. 感到担心的
修饰人;常用搭配 be worried about
She is worried about her son. 她担心她的儿子。
worrying
adj. 令人担忧的
修饰事物
The news is worrying. 这个消息令人担忧。
必考固定搭配:
① worry about sb./sth. 担心某人 / 某物(动词短语)
② be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人 / 某物(形容词短语)
中考典型例句:Don’t worry about me. I can look after myself.别担心我,我能照顾好自己。
【即时小练】
1.My parents are worried ______ my study all the time.
A.for B.about C.with D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的父母一直担心我的学习。固定搭配 be worried about… 担心……,故选 B。
2.The bad news made him ______.
A.worry B.worried C.worrying D.worries
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个坏消息使他感到担忧。worried 形容词,感到担心的,修饰人;make sb. + adj. 使某人……,故选 B。
知识点5:You can keep in touch with them and make new friends here.(你可以和他们保持联系,在这里交新朋友。)
keep in touch with 短语,和…… 保持联系
【知识点拓展】词形变换:keep-kept-kept;keeping(现在分词)
短语
含义
用法
例句
keep in touch with
与…… 保持联系
强调持续有联系
I keep in touch with my old friends. 我和老朋友保持联系。
get in touch with
与…… 取得联系
强调动作,原本没有联系,现在联系上
I got in touch with him last week. 上周我联系上了他。
lose touch with
与…… 失去联系
联系中断
I lost touch with my cousin. 我和表哥失去联系了。
必考固定搭配:
① keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系
② stay in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(同义短语)
中考典型例句:We should keep in touch with each other after graduation.
毕业后我们应该互相保持联系。
【即时小练】
1.It’s important to keep in touch ______ your friends.
A.with B.for C.to D.at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:和你的朋友们保持联系很重要。固定搭配 keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系,故选 A。
2.I tried to ______ in touch with my sister, but I couldn’t find her phone number.
A.keep B.get C.stay D.lose
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我尽力联系上我的姐姐,但是我找不到她的电话号码。get in touch with 取得联系,侧重联系上这个动作;keep in touch with 侧重一直保持联系,故选 B。
知识点6:Time and tide wait for no man.(时不我待。)
wait for 短语,等待;等候
【知识点拓展】词形变换:wait — waited(过去式 / 过去分词);waiting(现在分词)
短语
含义
用法
例句
wait for
等待……
后接名词 / 代词,不能直接接人或物,必须加 for;强调等候某人 / 某物
I wait for the bus every morning. 我每天早上等公交车。
wait to do sth.
等着去做某事
wait 后面接不定式 to do
She waits to see the doctor. 她等着看医生。
wait and see
等着瞧
固定习语
Just wait and see. 咱们等着瞧。
必考固定搭配:
① wait for sb./sth. 等待某人 / 某物
② wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
中考典型例句:Please wait for me at the school gate.请在校门口等我。
【即时小练】
1.Many students are waiting ______ the school bus at the stop.
A.to B.for C.at D.with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:许多学生正在站台等校车。固定搭配 wait for… 等待……,故选 B。
2.We waited ______ the rain to stop.
A.for B.to C.in D.on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们等着雨停下来。wait for sb./sth. to do sth. 等待某人 / 某物做某事,故选 A。
知识点7:In the beginning, she was always lonely because she didn’t have any friends.(起初,她因为没有朋友总是感到孤独。)
(1)lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的;荒凉的
【知识点拓展】词形变换:loneliness n. 孤独;寂寞
单词
含义
用法
例句
lonely
孤独的;荒凉的
形容词,内心情感上感到孤单;也可修饰地点,表示荒凉偏僻
He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.他独自居住,但并不觉得孤单。
alone
独自的(地)
形容词 / 副词,客观上独自一人,没有感情色彩,只表状态
She is alone at home.她独自一人在家。
必考固定搭配:
① feel lonely 感到孤独寂寞
② a lonely village 一座荒凉的村庄
中考典型例句:The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.这位老人独自居住,但他从不感到孤单。
(2) because conj. 因为
单词
含义
用法
例句
because
因为
连词,直接回答 why 提问,语气最强;原因是最主要、直接的;不能和 so 连用
He stayed at home because he was ill.因为生病了,他待在家里。
because of
因为
介词短语,后面接名词 / 代词 /doing,不能接句子
He stayed at home because of his illness.因为生病,他待在家里。
since
既然;由于
连词,侧重已知、显而易见的原因,语气弱
Since everyone is here, let’s start.既然大家都到了,我们开始吧。
必考固定搭配:
① because + 句子(主语 + 谓语)
② because of + 名词 / 代词 /v-ing
⚠️ 注意:because 和 so 不能同时出现在同一个句子里
中考典型例句:He didn’t go to the party because he had too much homework.他没有去聚会,因为他有太多作业。
【即时小练】
1.He failed the exam ______ he didn’t work hard.
A.because B.because of C.so D.but
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他考试不及格,因为他学习不努力。空格后是完整句子,用 because;because of 后接名词 / 动名词;because 和 so 不能连用,故选 A。
2.Though he is ______ at home, he doesn’t feel ______.
A.alone; lonely B.lonely; alone C.alone; alone D.lonely; lonely
【答案】A
【详解】句意:虽然他独自一人在家,但他并不感到孤单。alone 强调客观独自一人;lonely 侧重内心孤独的情感。故选 A。
知识点8:Miss Wang, our English teacher, then introduced her to Lingling. They soon became very close friends.(我们的英语老师王老师后来把她介绍给了玲玲,她们很快成了亲密的朋友。)
introduce v. 介绍;引见;引进
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:introduced(过去式 / 过去分词);introducing(现在分词);introduction n. 介绍;引言
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
introduce sb.
介绍某人
不能说 introduce sb. sb.,要用介词 to
Let me introduce my friend to you. 让我把我的朋友介绍给你。
introduce oneself
自我介绍
反身代词作宾语
He introduced himself at the meeting. 他在会上做了自我介绍。
recommend
推荐
recommend sb. sth. /recommend sth. to sb. 推荐某物给某人
He recommended a good book to me. 他向我推荐一本好书。
必考固定搭配:
① introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
② introduce oneself 自我介绍
③ introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍某物
中考典型例句:She introduced her new classmate to us.她把她的新同学介绍给我们。
【即时小练】
1.Let me introduce my sister ______ you.
A.for B.to C.with D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:让我把我的妹妹介绍给你。固定搭配 introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人,故选 B。
2.The boy stood up and ______ himself to the whole class.
A.introduced B.invented C.invited D.interviewed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个男孩站起来,向全班同学做了自我介绍。introduce 介绍;invent 发明;invite 邀请;interview 采访。introduce oneself 自我介绍,故选 A。
知识点9:Lastly, don’t compare yourself with others. Everyone shines in their own ways.(最后,不要和别人比较。每个人都有自己的闪光点。)
(1)compare v. 比较;对比
词形变换:compared(过去式 / 过去分词);comparing(现在分词);comparison n. 比较;对比
短语
含义
用法
例句
compare A with B
把 A 和 B 对比
强调比较两者之间的异同
We compare this car with that one. 我们把这辆车和那辆车对比。
compare A to B
把 A 比作 B
侧重比喻,将一物比作另一物
People compare children to flowers. 人们把孩子比作花朵。
必考固定搭配:
① compare A with B 把 A 与 B 作比较
② compare A to B 把 A 比作 B
③ be compared with 与…… 相比(被动)
④ be compared to 被比作……(被动)
中考典型例句:We often compare our life today with the life in the past.我们经常把现在的生活和过去的生活作比较。
【即时小练】
1.People often compare books ______ friends.
A.with B.to C.for D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:人们常常把书比作朋友。compare A to B 把 A 比作 B,是比喻含义,故选 B。
2.If you compare this picture ______ that one, you will find many differences.
A.to B.for C.with D.of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果你把这张图片和那张图片对比,你会发现很多不同之处。compare A with B 把 A 和 B 对比,比较异同,故选 C。
(2)own adj. 自己的;v. 拥有
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:owned(过去式 / 过去分词);owning(现在分词);owner n. 主人;所有者
单词
含义
用法
例句
own
adj. 自己的;v. 拥有
adj. 常放在形容词性物主代词后(my/your/his own);v. 强调合法拥有某物
This is my own room. 这是我自己的房间。He owns a small house. 他拥有一间小房子。
have
有;拥有
通用动词,可表拥有物品、疾病、抽象事物,不强调合法持有
I have a new pen. 我有一支新钢笔。
必考固定搭配:
① one’s own 某人自己的
② of one’s own 属于某人自己的
③ on one’s own = by oneself 独自;单独
中考典型例句:She wants to have a room of her own.她想拥有一间属于自己的房间。
【即时小练】
1.I hope I can have a computer ______ my own.
A.of B.on C.for D.with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我希望我能拥有一台属于我自己的电脑。固定搭配 of one’s own 属于某人自己的,故选 A。
2.He finished the difficult work on his ______.
A.owner B.own C.owns D.owning
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他独自完成了这项困难的工作。on one’s own 独自;owner 名词 “主人”,故选 B。
知识点10:Last October, I signed up for a music club. I felt so lucky to make some good friends there.(去年十月,我报名参加了音乐俱乐部。能在那里交到好朋友,我感到很幸运。)
sign up for 报名参加
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:sign — signed(过去式 / 过去分词);signing(现在分词);sign n. 标志;记号;指示牌
短语
含义
用法
例句
sign up for
报名参加(课程、活动、比赛)
强调报名注册,后面接活动、课程名称
I want to sign up for the English club. 我想报名参加英语俱乐部。
join
加入
加入团体、组织、人群,成为其中一员
He joined the army last year. 他去年参军了。
take part in
参加
参加群众性活动、会议、比赛,侧重参与活动
She took part in the sports meeting. 她参加了运动会。
必考固定搭配:
① sign up for sth. 报名参加某事
② sign up 签约;报名(不及物,后面不加宾语)
中考典型例句:Many students sign up for the summer camp every year.每年很多学生报名参加夏令营。
【即时小练】
1.Would you like to sign up ______ the speech competition?
A.for B.to C.with D.at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你想要报名参加演讲比赛吗?固定搭配 sign up for… 报名参加……,故选 A。
2.My brother decided to ______ for the swimming class.
A.join B.take part C.sign up D.play
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的弟弟决定报名参加游泳课。sign up for 报名;join 后直接加团体;take part in 才可以接活动,题干后面已有 for,故选 C。
知识点11:My parents didn’t allow me to learn singing. They said, “It is a waste of time.”(我父母不允许我学唱歌,他们说 “这是浪费时间”。)
(1)allow v. 允许;准许
【知识点拓展】词形变换:allowed(过去式 / 过去分词);allowing(现在分词)
重点辨析
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
allow sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事
allow 后接人,再接不定式
My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends.我的父母允许我周末看电视。
allow doing sth.
允许做某事
后面直接接动名词,不接人
We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
be allowed to do sth.
被允许做某事
被动结构
We are allowed to use dictionaries in the exam.考试中我们被允许使用词典。
必考固定搭配:
① allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
② allow doing sth. 允许做某事
③ be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
④ be not allowed to do sth. 不被允许做某事
中考典型例句:We are not allowed to eat in class.我们不被允许在课堂上吃东西。
【即时小练】
1.My mother doesn’t allow me ______ computer games on school days.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我妈妈不允许我在上学日玩电脑游戏。固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,故选 B。
2.We don’t allow ______ in the library.
A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked
【答案】C
【详解】句意:图书馆内不允许交谈。allow doing sth. 允许做某事,后面接动名词,故选 C。
(2)waste v. 浪费;滥用 n. 浪费;废弃物
【知识点拓展】词形变换:wasted(过去式 / 过去分词);wasting(现在分词);wasteful adj. 浪费的
必考固定搭配:
① waste sth. (in) doing sth. 浪费某物做某事
② waste sth. on sth. 在某事 / 某物上浪费……
③ a waste of … …… 的浪费
中考典型例句:It’s a waste of time to argue with him.和他争论是浪费时间。
【即时小练】
1.Don’t waste your time ______ computer games.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要浪费你的时间玩电脑游戏。固定搭配 waste time (in) doing sth. 浪费时间做某事,in 可省略,后面用动名词,故选 C。
2.It’s a waste ______ water to leave the tap running.
A.of B.for C.with D.to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:让水龙头一直开着是浪费水。固定搭配 a waste of … …… 的浪费,故选 A。
知识点12:When Mrs. Zhang learnt about this, she advised me to have an open and honest talk with my parents.(当张老师知道这件事后,建议我和父母进行一次坦诚的交流。)
advise v. 建议;劝告
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:advised(过去式 / 过去分词);advising(现在分词);advice n. 建议(不可数名词)
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
advise sb. to do sth.
建议某人做某事
advise 后接人,再接不定式 to do
My teacher advises me to read more books.老师建议我多读书。
advise doing sth.
建议做某事
advise 后面直接接动名词,不加人
He advises going there by bus.他建议坐公交车去那里。
suggest
建议
suggest doing sth.;不能说 suggest sb. to do sth.
She suggests having a rest.她建议休息一下。
必考固定搭配:
① advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
② advise doing sth. 建议做某事
③ advise sb. against doing sth. 劝告某人不要做某事
中考典型例句:I advise you to give up smoking.我建议你戒烟。
【即时小练】
1.The doctor advised me ______ more exercise.
A.take B.to take C.taking D.took
【答案】B
【详解】句意:医生建议我多锻炼。固定搭配 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事,故选 B。
2.He advised ______ to the park this weekend.
A.go B.to go C.going D.goes
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他建议这周末去公园。advise doing sth. 建议做某事,advise 后直接接动名词,故选 C。
知识点13:The doctor feels helpless to save the patient’s life. He wishes he could be more helpful.(医生对挽救病人的生命感到无能为力,他希望自己能更有帮助。)
(1)helpless adj. 无助的;无能力的;不能自立的
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:help v./n. 帮助;helpful adj. 有帮助的;helplessly adv. 无助地;helplessness n. 无助
单词
含义
用法
例句
helpless
adj. 无助的,无能为力的
描述人处于困境,没办法自救;否定含义
The little girl felt helpless in the dark.小女孩在黑暗中感到无助。
helpful
adj. 有帮助的,有益的
用来形容人或事物,能提供帮助
The book is helpful for your study.这本书对你的学习有帮助。
必考固定搭配:
① feel helpless 感到无助
② helpless children 无助的孩子
中考典型例句:When he lost his way, he felt helpless.当他迷路的时候,他感到很无助。
【即时小练】
1.The poor boy felt ______ when he couldn’t find his mother.
A.helpful B.helpless C.careful D.hopeful
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个可怜的男孩找不到妈妈时感到无助。helpless 无助的;helpful 有帮助的;careful 仔细的;hopeful 充满希望的。根据找不到妈妈的语境,选 B。
2.The advice is very ______ and it helps me a lot.
A.helpless B.helpful C.useless D.boring
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这条建议非常有用,帮了我很多。helpful 有帮助的;helpless 无助的;useless 无用的;boring 无聊的,故选 B。
(2)wish v. 希望;祝愿;n. 愿望,祝福
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:wished(过去式 / 过去分词);wishing(现在分词);wishes(第三人称单数 / 名词复数)
单词 / 短语
含义
用法
例句
wish to do sth.
希望做某事
wish 后接不定式,难以实现或可能性较小的愿望
I wish to visit the moon one day.我希望有一天能去月球。
wish sb. sth.
祝愿某人……
接双宾语,用来表达祝福
I wish you good luck.祝你好运。
hope to do sth.
希望做某事
侧重有可能实现的愿望,不能说 hope sb. to do
I hope to go to Beijing.我希望去北京。
必考固定搭配:
① wish to do sth. 希望做某事
② wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人……
③ wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
④ best wishes 最美好的祝愿(常用贺卡结尾)
中考典型例句:I wish you a happy new year.祝你新年快乐。
【即时小练】
1.I wish ______ to the Great Wall with my parents.
A.go B.to go C.going D.went
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我希望和父母一起去长城。固定搭配 wish to do sth. 希望做某事,wish 后接不定式,故选 B。
2.We wish you ______.
A.happy B.happily C.happiness D.to happy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们祝你幸福。固定搭配 wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人……,此处需要名词作宾语,happiness 名词 “幸福”,故选 C。
知识点14:The symbols are very useful to pay online, but they are useless without a cellphone.(这些符号对在线支付很有用,但没有手机就毫无用处。)
useful adj. 有用的;有益的
词形变换:use v./n. 使用;useless adj. 无用的;usefully adv. 有用地;usefulness n. 用处
单词
含义
用法
例句
useful
adj. 有用的,有益的
修饰人或事物,常用 be useful to/for
The dictionary is useful to me. 这本词典对我有用。
useless
adj. 无用的,无效的
否定含义,less 后缀表 “无…… 的”
It’s useless to argue with him. 和他争论没有用。
必考固定搭配:
① be useful to sb. 对某人有用
② be useful for doing sth. 对于做某事有用
③ It’s useful to do sth. 做某事是有用的
中考典型例句:Reading is useful for improving your English.阅读对于提高你的英语是有用的。
【即时小练】
1.This notebook is useful ______ my English study.
A.to B.for C.with D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这本笔记本对我的英语学习有用。be useful for sth. 对某事有用,故选 B。
2.It’s ______ to learn some life skills. They can help us a lot.
A.useless B.useful C.careless D.hopeless
【答案】B
【详解】句意:学习一些生活技能是有用的。它们能帮我们很多。useful 有用的;useless 无用的;careless 粗心的;hopeless 无望的。根据后一句 help us a lot,选 B。
知识点15:What were you doing at this time yesterday? I was watching a movie with my parents.(昨天这个时候你在做什么?我在和父母一起看电影。)
过去进行时,表示过去某个时刻 / 某段时间正在进行的动作
【知识点拓展】结构:was /were + doing(现在分词)
时态
含义
用法
例句
过去进行时
过去某一时间正在做
强调过去动作正在进行;常和 when/while 连用
I was reading at 8:00 last night.昨晚八点我正在看书。
一般过去时
过去做了(动作已结束)
强调动作完成,只陈述过去发生事实
I read a book yesterday.昨天我读了一本书。
必考固定搭配 / 时间标志词:
① at that time 在那时
② at + 具体时刻 + last night/yesterday
③ from 7 to 9 yesterday 昨天 7 点到 9 点
④ when + 一般过去时(短暂动作);while + 过去进行时(延续动作)
中考典型例句:My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。
【即时小练】
1.I ______ my homework at 8 o’clock last night.
A.do B.did C.was doing D.am doing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨晚八点我正在写作业。at 8 o’clock last night 是过去具体时刻,要用过去进行时 was/were doing,主语 I 用 was,故选 C。
2.While my sister ______, my father was watching TV.
A.sings B.sang C.was singing D.is singing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我妹妹正在唱歌的时候,爸爸在看电视。while 引导时间状语从句,主从句都常用过去进行时,强调两个动作同时进行,故选 C。
知识点16:During my 8th grade, I went through many changes. As I was growing taller, I was gaining weight quickly.(八年级时,我经历了很多变化。在我长高的同时,体重也增长得很快。)
(1)go through 短语,经历;经受;浏览;检查;穿过
【知识点拓展】词形变换:go — went(过去式)— gone(过去分词);going(现在分词)
短语
含义
用法
例句
go through
经历;经受;浏览;检查
侧重经历困难、痛苦;快速翻阅资料;仔细检查
He went through a hard time last year.去年他经历了一段艰难的时期。
look through
浏览;快速查看
多指快速翻阅书籍、试卷,不强调苦难
Please look through your paper carefully.请仔细浏览你的试卷。
pass through
穿过;经过
侧重从空间穿过某地
We passed through a small village.我们穿过一个小村庄。
必考固定搭配:
① go through difficulties/troubles 经历困难
② go through the papers 浏览 / 检查文件
③ go through a hard time 经历艰难时期
中考典型例句:You should go through your notes before the exam.考试前你应该浏览你的笔记。
【即时小练】
1.He went ______ a lot of difficulties when he was young.
A.through B.across C.over D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他年轻时经历了很多困难。go through 经历(磨难、困难);go across 横穿;go over 复习,故选 A。
2.Please ______ through the article quickly and find the key sentence.
A.go B.look C.get D.walk
【答案】B
【详解】句意:请快速浏览这篇文章,找出中心句。look through 浏览;go through 侧重经历或仔细检查,此处快速阅读文章用 look through,故选 B。
(2)weight n. 重量;体重;重担
【知识点拓展】
词形变换:weigh v. 称重;重达;weighty adj. 沉重的;重大的
单词
含义
用法
例句
weight
n. 重量;体重
不可数名词,用来表示事物的重量,常用在名词短语中
What’s the weight of the elephant?这头大象的体重是多少?
weigh
v. 称重;重达
实义动词,作句子谓语,后面可直接接重量数值
The elephant weighs two tons.这头大象重达两吨。
必考固定搭配:
① lose weight 减肥
② put on weight 长胖,增加体重
③ What’s the weight of …? …… 的重量是多少?
中考典型例句:He exercises every day to lose weight.他每天锻炼来减肥。
【即时小练】
1.What’s the ______ of this big stone?
A.weigh B.weight C.weighs D.weighty
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这块大石头的重量是多少?the + 名词 + of,此处需要名词 weight 重量;weigh 是动词,故选 B。
2.The little dog ______ 3 kilos.
A.weight B.weighs C.weigh D.weights
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这只小狗重 3 千克。本句缺少谓语动词,主语 the little dog 是第三人称单数,动词 weigh 用 weighs,故选 B。
知识点17:Luckily, my elder sister, Zhenzhen, noticed how I was feeling. She was always there to listen.(幸运的是,我姐姐珍珍注意到了我的情绪,她总是在我身边倾听。)
luckily adv. 幸运地;幸好
【知识点拓展】
luck n. 运气;lucky adj. 幸运的;luckily adv. 幸运地;unlucky adj. 不幸的;unluckily adv. 不幸地
单词
含义
用法
例句
luckily
adv. 幸运地,幸好
副词,通常放句首,修饰整个句子,后面加逗号
Luckily, I passed the exam.幸运的是,我通过了考试。
lucky
adj. 幸运的
形容词,修饰名词或放在 be 动词后作表语
I am lucky to meet you.我很幸运遇见你。
必考固定搭配:
① lucky to do sth. 幸运地做某事
② Good luck! 祝你好运!
③ Luckily, … 幸运的是……(放句首)
中考典型例句:Luckily, no one was hurt in the accident.幸运的是,事故中没有人受伤。
【即时小练】
1.______, he caught the last bus home.
A.Lucky B.Luckily C.Unlucky D.Unluckily
【答案】B
【详解】句意:幸运的是,他赶上了回家的末班车。放在句首修饰整个句子,要用副词 luckily;lucky 是形容词,故选 B。
2.You are ______ to get the nice prize.
A.luck B.luckily C.lucky D.luckies
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你很幸运拿到这个漂亮的奖品。be + adj.,be lucky to do sth. 幸运做某事,lucky 形容词,故选 C。
知识点18:Meimei failed her math exam again. Her mom was very angry with her.(梅梅数学考试又没及格,她妈妈很生气。)
be angry with 对某人生气
【知识点拓展】词形变换:angry adj. 生气的;angrily adv. 生气地;anger n. 怒火,愤怒
短语
含义
用法
例句
be angry with sb.
对某人生气
对象是人
My teacher was angry with me because I was late.老师因为我迟到而生我的气。
be angry at/about sth.
因某事生气
对象是事情 / 事物
He is angry about the bad news.他因为这个坏消息而生气。
必考固定搭配:
① be angry with sb. 对某人生气
② be angry at/about sth. 因某事生气
③ be angry to do sth. 做某事感到生气
中考典型例句:Don’t be angry with him. It’s not his fault.别生他的气,这不是他的错。
【即时小练】
1.My mother was angry ______ me because I broke the cup.
A.with B.about C.at D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:妈妈生我的气,因为我打碎了杯子。be angry with sb. 对某人生气,故选 A。
2.He is angry ______ what you said just now.
A.with B.about C.to D.of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他为你刚才所说的话感到生气。后面是事情,用 be angry about sth.,故选 B。
单元语法:后缀 -less & -ful和过去进行时
(1) 后缀 -less & -ful
概念:
在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法或词缀法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。
本节课主要探讨英语中常见的形容词后缀 -less和-ful的用法。
【考点01】形容词后缀 -less和-ful的用法:
一、后缀 -ful 的用法
(1)含义:表示 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 性质的”“有…… 倾向的”,带有肯定或积极的语义(部分为中性)。
(2)用法:通常加在名词后,构成形容词,强调 “具备该名词所指事物的特征” 或 “充满该事物”。
(3)常用单词转换示例及例句:
①care(n.小心)→ careful(adj.小心的)
如:Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。
②help(n.帮助)→ helpful(adj.有帮助的)
如:The teacher gave us some helpful advice.老师给了我们一些有用的建议。
③use(n.用途)→ useful(adj.有用的)
如:This dictionary is very useful for learning English.这本词典对学英语很有用。
④hope(n.希望)→ hopeful(adj.有希望的)
如:We are hopeful about the future.我们对未来充满希望。
⑤wonder(n.奇迹)→ wonderful(adj.极好的)
如:It was a wonderful trip to the mountains.那次登山之旅太棒了。
⑥pain(n.疼痛)→ painful(adj.痛苦的)
如:The injury caused a painful feeling.伤口带来了痛苦的感觉。
二、后缀 -less 的用法
(1)含义:表示 “无…… 的”“缺乏…… 的”“不…… 的”,带有否定或消极的语义(部分为中性)。
(2)用法:通常加在名词后,构成形容词,强调 “缺乏该名词所指事物的特征” 或 “没有该事物”。
(3)常用单词转换示例及例句:
①care(n.小心)→ careless(adj.粗心的)
如:His careless mistake led to the failure.他的粗心错误导致了失败。
②hope(n.希望)→ hopeless(adj.无望的)
如:The situation seemed hopeless at that time.那时情况似乎毫无希望。
③home(n.家)→ homeless(adj.无家可归的)
如:Many volunteers help homeless people in winter.冬天许多志愿者帮助无家可归的人。
④end(n.尽头)→ endless(adj.无尽的)
如:We walked through the endless forest.我们穿过了无边无际的森林。
⑤fear(n.恐惧)→ fearless(adj.无畏的)
如:The fearless firefighter rushed into the burning house.无畏的消防员冲进了着火的房子。
⑥harm(n.伤害)→ harmless(adj.无害的)
如:This kind of insect is harmless to humans.这种昆虫对人类无害。
【考点02】形容词后缀 -less和-ful的区别:
对比维度
-ful
-less
核心含义
肯定:
“充满…… 的”“有…… 的”
否定:
“无…… 的”“缺乏…… 的”
语义倾向
多为积极,如 helpful 有帮助的、wonderful 极好的
部分中性,如 painful 痛苦的
多为消极,如 careless 粗心的、hopeless 无望的
部分中性,如 harmless 无害的
与名词的关系
强调 “具备名词的特征” 或 “充满名词所指事物”
强调 “缺乏名词的特征” 或 “没有名词所指事物”
常见搭配
多与表示积极或中性意义的名词搭配(如 care、hope、use)
多与表示必要或重要事物的名词搭配(如 care、home、hope)
总结:-ful 和 -less 是一对语义相反的后缀,-ful 从肯定角度描述 “有 / 充满”,-less 从否定角度描述 “无 / 缺乏”。
如:The doctor feels helpless to save the patient's life.He wishes he could be more helpful .
医生对挽救病人的生命感到无助。他希望自己能更有帮助。
(2) 过去进行时
概念:
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
过去进行时由“助动词be(was/were)+现在分词(动词-ing形式)”构成。
当主语是第一人称和第三人称单数时,要用was,其他则用were。
如:①Linda was drawing pictures at five yesterday afternoon.昨天下午五点琳达正在画画。
②The children were doing their homework from 6:00 to 8:00 yesterday evening.昨晚六点到八点孩子们正在做作业。
【考点01】过去进行时的用法:
1. 表示临时性:在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。
如:It happened while I was living in Beijing last year.这件事发生在我去年住在北京的时候。
2. 表示计划:为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
如:He said that his sister was getting married next December.他说他妹妹明年 12 月要结婚了。
用arrive,come,go,1eave等动词的过去进行时描写行程安排,也通常有含有将来意。
如:He said he was leaving for home in a day or two.他说他一两天后就要回家了。
3. 表示委婉语气:动词hope,wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
如:I was hoping you would give me some advice.我当时希望你能给我一些建议。
4. 表示重复:过去进行时有时可以与 always,constantly,forever 等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复。
如:She was always thinking of others.她总是想着别人。
【考点02】过去进行时的应用:
1. 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语:
如:(1)表示过去具体时间点:
①at+具体时刻+过去时间(at five last Saturday 上周六五点)
②at this time+过去时间(at this time yesterday 昨天这个时候 )
③at that time/moment在那个时刻
④then在那时
(2)表示过去时间段:
①from..to...yesterday 昨天从…… 到……
from nine to ten last evening (昨晚九点到十点)
②all the time yesterday 昨天一整天
2. 叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用while。
如:I was studying at home while my brother was playing football on the playground.我在家学习的时候,我弟弟正在操场上踢足球。
3. 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
如:I was studying English during last summer holiday.去年暑假期间我一直在学英语。
【考点03】过去进行时的句型结构:
句式
句式结构
例句
肯定句
主语+was/were +现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
This time yesterday Jack was watching TV.
昨天这个时候,杰克在看电视。
否定句
主语+was/were+not +现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV.He was repairing his bike.昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
一般疑问句
was/were +主语+现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
肯定回答: Yes,主语+was / were.否定回答:No,主语+wasn't / weren't.
Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon?昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
肯定回答:Yes,we were.是的,我们在打。
否定回答:No,we weren’t.不,我们没打。
特殊疑问句
疑问词+was / were+主语+现在分词(动词-ing形式)+其他
①What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在做什么?
②What was he doing all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在做什么?
时间标志词
then (那时),at that time(当时),at ten yesterday(昨天十点),at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候),this morning(今天早上),the whole morning(整个上午),all day(一整天),from nine to ten last evening(昨晚九点到十点),when(当…… 时),while(当…… 时,强调动作同时发生)等.
【考点04】过去进行时的现在分词(V-ing)的变形规律:
结尾字母
变形规律
例词
一般情况
直接加-ing
play →playing read→ reading
以不发音e结尾
去e加-ing
dance→ dancing write→writing
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写辅音字母加-ing
run→running
swim→swimming
以ie 结尾
变ie为y加-ing
die →dying lie →lying
【考点05】与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时着重表示过去某个时候发生了某件事情,强调所做的动作已完成;
②过去进行时表示某个动作在过去某个时候正在发生或进行,强调动作正在进行。
如:①I did my homework yesterday evening.我昨晚做了作业。
(表示did这个动作在昨晚发生过,did这一动作已经完成)
②I was doing my homework at eight o’clock yesterday evening.昨晚八点我在做作业。
(表示昨晚八点在做作业,动作在过去这个时间正在进行中)
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1.Last month, when we visited a wildlife park (野生动物园) in Yunnan, we saw that two young elephants ________ for a basket of fresh bananas. (fight)
【答案】were fighting
【详解】句意:上个月,当我们参观云南的一个野生动物园时,我们看到两头小象正在为一篮新鲜香蕉争斗。主句动词“saw”是see的过去式,that引导宾语从句,从句要用对应的过去时态。此处表达在参观的时候,小象正在争斗,使用过去进行时。主语“two young elephants”是复数,be动词用were,fight的现在分词是fighting,故填were fighting。
2.Meimei ________ (fail) her math exam again.
【答案】failed
【详解】句意:梅梅数学考试又不及格了。结合句意,考试结束,知道结果,“考试不及格”这件事已经发生,用一般过去时,fail的过去式是failed。
3.His ________ (grow) experience taught him to be independent.
【答案】growth
【详解】句意:他的成长经历教会了他要独立。空格后为名词experience,此处需要定语修饰名词。grow对应的名词形式growth可作定语,growth experience表示“成长经历”。
4.Reading more books is a good way to make ________ (improve) in our writing.
【答案】improvement
【详解】句意:多读书是让我们的写作取得进步的好方法。固定搭配make improvement表示“取得进步”,make后需要接名词作宾语;括号内improve为动词,其名词形式是improvement,因此应填improvement。
5.We should adapt to the ________ (change) environment quickly.
【答案】changeable
【详解】句意:我们应该快速适应多变的环境。句中“environment”为名词,前面需要形容词作定语。change是动词,形容词changeable意为“多变的、易变的”,符合句意,故填changeable。
6.My little brother has put on five kilos in ________ (weigh) this year.
【答案】weight
【详解】句意:我的弟弟今年体重增加了五公斤。句中in为介词,介词后面需要接名词作宾语,weigh是动词,意为“称重”,它的名词形式为weight,表示“体重”。固定短语in weight表示“在体重方面”。
7.We should learn to solve ________ (difficult) on our own instead of asking for help immediately.
【答案】difficulties
【详解】句意:我们应该学会自己解决困难,而不是立刻寻求帮助。句中“solve”为及物动词,后面需要接名词作宾语,difficult的名词形式为difficulty,此处表示各类困难,要用复数形式difficulties。
8.After that, my parents started ________ (understand) my love for music.
【答案】to understand
【详解】句意:在那之后,我的父母开始理解我对音乐的热爱。固定搭配start to do sth.表示“开始做某事”,故填to understand。
9.I can ________ (recommend) her to you.
【答案】recommend
【详解】句意:我可以把她推荐给你。情态动词can后接动词原形;recommend sb. to sb.意为“把某人推荐给某人”。
10.Rick didn’t know that his grandma ________ (save) cookies for him all the time.
【答案】was saving
【详解】句意:Rick不知道他的奶奶一直在给他留饼干。主句是一般过去时,遵循主过从必过,all the time表示持续的动作,从句用过去进行时was saving,故填was saving。
11.Mother Fox realized that danger ________ (wait) for her on the grape mountain.
【答案】was waiting
【详解】句意:狐狸妈妈意识到危险正在葡萄山上等着她。主句谓语realized为一般过去时,宾语从句描述当时正在发生的动作,要用过去进行时,结构为was/were+现在分词;主语danger是不可数名词,be动词用was,wait的现在分词为waiting。
12.The boy ________ (fix) his bike when I saw him yesterday.
【答案】was fixing
【详解】句意:昨天我看见那个男孩时,他正在修他的自行车。所给动词为fix“修理”,时间状语“when I saw him yesterday”表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时“was/were+doing”;主语The boy为第三人称单数,助动词用was,fix的现在分词为fixing。故填was fixing。
13.My mother __________ (water) flowers when I came back.
【答案】was watering
【详解】句意:当我回来时,我妈妈正在浇花。根据时间状语从句when I came back(一般过去时)可知,主句动作发生在过去的某一时刻正在进行,应用过去进行时,结构为“was/were + doing”。主语My mother是第三人称单数,be动词用was;“water”的现在分词为watering。故填was watering。
14.People ________ (run) in all directions while bricks were raining down.
【答案】were running
【详解】句意:砖块如雨般落下时,人们四处奔逃。while引导时间状语从句,强调主句动作在从句动作进行的过程中同步发生,需用过去进行时;主语People为复数,be动词用were,run的现在分词为running,因此填were running。
15.He __________ (introduce) an old painting to a few foreign visitors when I arrived.
【答案】was introducing
【详解】句意:我到达时,他正在向几位外国游客介绍一幅古画。根据“when I arrived”可知从句是一般过去时,表示过去某个时间点。而主句表示在这个时间点,他正在给外国游客介绍古画,要用过去进行时,即“was/were+doing” ,主语He是单数,所以用was,应填was introducing。
16.I moved here a month ago. I ________ (miss) my friends in my hometown.
【答案】miss
【详解】句意:我一个月之前搬到了这里。我很想念老家的朋友们。第二句陈述说话人当前的感受和状态,应用一般现在时表达,主语I为第一人称,动词miss用原形。
17.Don’t worry. You can do ________ (good) next time.
【答案】better
【详解】句意:别担心,你下次能做得更好。句中next time(下次)暗含和这次对比,需要用副词比较级修饰动词do,good的比较级为better“更好地”。故填better。
18.He learned a lot after visiting many ________ (wonder) places.
【答案】wonderful
【详解】句意:在游览了许多奇妙的地方之后,他学到了很多东西。wonder“奇迹/奇观”,句中“places”为名词,前面需要用形容词修饰,wonder的形容词形式是wonderful,意为“绝妙的;奇妙的”,用来修饰places,符合句子语义逻辑。
19.You were doing very well yesterday. Be ________ (hope) and you’ll succeed.
【答案】hopeful
【详解】句意:你昨天表现得非常好。满怀希望,你就会成功。hope“希望”,句中Be动词后面需要接形容词作表语,hope的形容词形式是hopeful,意为“充满希望的;抱有希望的”,构成常用祈使结构“Be hopeful”,符合语境逻辑。
20.As I was growing taller, I was ________ (gain) weight quickly.
【答案】gaining
【详解】句意:随着我越长越高,我的体重也在快速增长。句中“As I was growing taller”为过去进行时的时间状语,提示主句动作同步发生,应用过去进行时,结构为was/were+现在分词,gain的现在分词为gaining。
二、单项选择
21.The old man lives ________ in a small house, but he never feels ________.
A.alone; alone B.lonely; lonely C.alone; lonely D.lonely; alone
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个老人独自一人住在一个小房子里,但是他从来不感到寂寞。
alone单独地; lonely孤独的。副词修饰动词lives,第一空应用alone;系动词feels后接形容词,第二空应用lonely。
22.She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the funny story.
A.laugh B.laughed C.laughing D.to laugh
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当她听到那个有趣的故事时,她忍不住笑了。根据题干“couldn’t help ________”可知,can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.是动词短语,意为“忍不住做某事”,应填laughing。
23.Mr. Zhu gave us much ________ on how to learn English.
A.advice B.advise C.suggestion D.suggest
【答案】A
【详解】句意:朱老师给了我们很多关于如何学英语的建议。 advice建议,不可数名词;advise建议,动词;suggestion建议,可数名词;suggest建议,动词。much修饰不可数名词,应填advice。
24.She ________ she might miss the important meeting.
A.worries about B.worried that C.worries with D.worried for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她担心她可能会错过重要的会议。worries about担心(后接名词或动名词,不接从句);worried that担心(后接宾语从句,表示“担心……”);worries with错误搭配;worried for错误搭配。根据题干“she might miss...”是宾语从句,应用that引导,应填worried that。
25.Learning how to ________ difficulties is an important skill for everyone.
A.deal with B.compare with C.shine with D.discover with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学会如何应对困难是每个人的一项重要技能。
deal with应对/处理;compare with与……比较;shine with闪耀着;discover with无此常用搭配。根据空格后“difficulties”可知,此处是指应对困难,应填deal with。
26.We have kept in touch ________ each other since we graduated from college.
A.with B.to C.for D.by
【答案】A
【详解】句意:自从大学毕业以来,我们一直彼此保持联系。
with和;to到;for为了;by通过。“keep in touch with sb.” 是固定短语,意为 “与某人保持联系”。
27.Let me ________ my best friend to you—this is Lily, who is very kind.
A.introduce B.introduction C.introducing D.introduced
【答案】A
【详解】句意:让我向你介绍一下我最好的朋友——这是莉莉,她非常善良。
introduce介绍(动词原形);introduction介绍(名词);introducing介绍(动词的现在分词);introduced介绍(动词的过去式/过去分词)。根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处位于使役动词“let”之后,固定搭配let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,因此此处需要使用动词原形作宾语补足语,故填introduce。
28.Everyone expresses their ideas ________, so we should respect different opinions.
A.in their own ways B.in one’s own ways
C.with their own ways D.by one’s own ways
【答案】A
【详解】句意:每个人都用自己的方式表达想法,所以我们应当尊重不同的观点。 in one’s own ways“用某人自己的方式”是固定短语,主语Everyone对应物主代词their;介词固定用in,不用with/by。故填in their own ways。
29.She was late for school ________ she missed the early bus.
A.so B.but C.because D.and
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她上学迟到了,因为她错过了早班车。 so因此,表结果;but但是,表转折;because因为,表原因;and并且,表顺承。后句是迟到的原因,用because,故选because。
30.Playing computer games all day is ________ ________ time.
A.a waste; of B.waste; of C.a waste; for D.waste; for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:整天玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。a waste of是固定短语,意为 “浪费……”,B选项缺少不定冠词a;C和D选项中介词for使用错误。应填a waste; of。
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A 、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
Two men, both seriously ill, stayed in the same hospital room. One man could sit up in his bed for an hour each morning. His bed was next to the room’s only window. 31 man couldn’t move and had to lie on the back all the time. And the two men would 32 for hours to kill the time.
They spoke of their wives, homes, and jobs. Every morning the man by the window would sit up and 33 all the things he could see outside the window to his roommate (室友). The man lying in bed would 34 silently and during this moment he would feel his world was 35 by all the activities and colors of the world outside.
Days and weeks passed. One morning, the nurse found the man by the window was 36 in his sleep. She was very sad and called the working people to take the body away.
The other man was asked to move 37 the window. Slowly and painfully, he also 38 to take his first look at the world outside. However, what he saw was just a 39 .
The man asked the nurse why. The nurse replied that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to 40 you.”
31.A.The first B.The other C.The next D.The last
32.A.eat B.sing C.talk D.sleep
33.A.draw B.invent C.buy D.describe
34.A.write B.watch C.listen D.cry
35.A.blackened B.brightened C.burned D.polluted
36.A.dead B.healthy C.asleep D.awake
37.A.far from B.close to C.out of D.on top of
38.A.stood up B.sat up C.grew up D.stayed up
39.A.sky B.house C.street D.wall
40.A.believe B.challenge C.encourage D.introduce
【答案】
31.B 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.B 36.A 37.B 38.B 39.D 40.C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述病房里两位重病病人的故事,靠窗病人向室友描述窗外景象,在他离世后,另一位病人才得知靠窗的病友双目失明,他只是为了鼓励对方。
【详解】31.句意:另一个男人不能活动,必须一直仰面躺着。
前文提到病房里有两个病人,The other意为“两者之中另一个”,符合两人的语境;The first“第一个”、The next“下一个”、The last“最后一个”均不能表达两者里剩下的那一个。
32.句意:这两个男人会交谈数小时来打发时间。
后文“They spoke of their wives, homes, and jobs”体现二人聊天,talk意为“交谈”,符合病房闲聊消磨时间的语境;eat“吃饭”、sing“唱歌”、sleep“睡觉”均不符合后文两人谈论生活琐事的场景。
33.句意:每天早上,靠窗的男人会坐起来,向室友描述他能看到的窗外所有事物。
后文室友听着景象感受外面世界,describe意为“描述”,符合口头讲述画面的语境;draw“绘画”、invent“发明”、buy“购买”均不符合对着室友讲述窗外景色的场景。
34.句意:躺在床上的男人会安静聆听,在这一刻,他觉得自己的世界被外面多姿多彩的生活点亮。
上文靠窗男人在描述景色,listen意为“聆听”,符合他安静听故事的语境;write“书写”、watch“观看”、cry“哭泣”均不符合他不能起身,只能听对方讲述的状态。
35.句意:躺在床上的男人会安静聆听,在这一刻,他觉得自己的世界被外面多姿多彩的生活点亮。
窗外丰富的活动与色彩让他内心充满希望,brightened意为“点亮、使明亮”,贴合语境;blackened“使变黑”、burned“燃烧”、polluted “污染”语义与原文积极氛围相反。
36.句意:一天早上,护士发现靠窗的男人在睡梦中去世了。
后文“called the working people to take the body away”说明人已经离世,dead意为“死亡的”,符合后文搬走遗体的语境;healthy“健康的”、asleep“睡着的”、awake“醒着的”均和搬运遗体的情节矛盾。
37.句意:另一个男人被挪到靠近窗户的位置。
后文他想看一看外面的世界,close to意为“靠近”,符合搬到窗边床位的语境;far from“远离”、out of“从……出去”、on top of“在……之上”不符合想要看窗外的逻辑。
38.句意:他艰难缓慢地坐起身,第一次看一看外面的世界。
前文提到他一直只能躺着,sat up意为“坐起来”,符合起身看窗外的动作;stood up“站立”、grew up“长大”、stayed up“熬夜”都不符合重病卧床病人的状态。
39.句意:然而,他看见的仅仅是一面墙。
后文护士说这个男人甚至看不见墙,wall意为“墙”,符合原文;sky“天空”、house“房子”、street“街道”都和后文护士的解释冲突。
40.句意:她说,“也许他只是想要鼓励你。”
靠窗病人编造美景,是为了给病友力量,encourage意为“鼓励”,贴合语境;believe“相信”、challenge“挑战”、introduce“介绍”均不符合故事里善意的初衷。
四、语法选择
My dad was a fisherman. He had 41 boat, but it was difficult to make a living on the sea. It was dangerous, too. He worked very hard and stayed out all day and night 42 enough (足够的) fish for the family.
When the weather was bad, my father didn’t work. He drove 43 to school. We talked a lot on the way. Before he 44 , he would give me a big kiss on the face. It was so embarrassing (尴尬的) for me.
I still remember the day. When I 45 12 years old, I thought I was too old for a goodbye kiss. We got to school and came to a stop. He had his usual big smile and started to kiss me, 46 I put my hand up and said, “No, Dad.” It was the 47 time that I had talked to him in that way.
I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss.” My dad looked at me sadly for a long time. I never saw him 48 before. But he really cried that time. I sat there and didn’t know 49 to say. Then he said, “You are right. You are a big boy...a man. I won’t kiss you anymore.”
One day, my dad went to the sea and never returned. I felt so 50 . I wanted one more kiss from my father. But I couldn’t get any anymore.
41.A.a B.the C./ D.an
42.A.catch B.catching C.to catch D.caught
43.A.my B.me C.our D.us
44.A.leave B.leaves C.will leave D.left
45.A.am B.are C.was D.were
46.A.and B.so C.because D.but
47.A.one B.first C.two D.second
48.A.cry B.shout C.smile D.talk
49.A.how B.what C.where D.when
50.A.sad B.sadly C.happy D.happily
【答案】
41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.A
【导语】本文讲述了作者的父亲靠打渔艰难谋生,天气不好时会开车送作者上学且离别前会亲吻作者,12岁时作者拒绝了父亲的吻让他难过落泪,后来父亲出海未归,作者无比难过,渴望再得到父亲的吻却已不可能。
41.句意:他有一艘船,但在海上谋生十分艰难。
a不定冠词,表泛指,后跟辅音音素开头的词;the定冠词,表特指;/是零冠词;an不定冠词,表泛指,后跟元音音素开头的词。此处表示“他有一艘船”,boat以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a表泛指。故选A。
42.句意:他拼命工作,整日整夜待在外面,为家里捕获足够的鱼。
catch抓住,是动词原形;catching是动名词/现在分词;to catch是动词不定式;caught是过去式/过去分词。“他整日整夜待在外面”的目的是“抓到足够的鱼”,要用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。
43.句意:他开车送我去学校。
my我的,形容词性物主代词;me我,宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;us我们,宾格。根据“We talked a lot on the way.”可知,他开车送我去学校,动词drove后跟宾格。故选B。
44.句意:在他离开前,总会在我的脸上重重地亲一下。
leave离开,是动词原形;leaves是三单形式;will leave是一般将来时;left是过去式/过去分词。根据“would give”可知,该句时态是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选D。
45.句意:我12岁的时候,觉得自己已经长大了,不适合再接受离别之吻。
am用于主语是第一人称单数I的情况;are用于主语是第二人称you、复数名词或复数代词等情况;was是am/is的过去式,用于一般过去时;were是are的过去式,用于一般过去时。根据“When I ... 12 years old”可知,该句描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,主语是I,be动词用was。故选C。
46.句意:他像往常一样满脸笑容,然后准备亲我,可我举起手说道:“不,爸爸。”
and而且;so所以;because因为;but但是。根据“He had his usual big smile and started to kiss me, ... I put my hand up and said, ‘No, Dad.’ ”可知,前后句存在转折关系,父亲像往常一样准备亲我,但我拒绝了他。故选D。
47.句意:这是我第一次用那样的方式跟他说话。
one一;first第一;two二;second第二。根据“It was the ... time that I had talked to him in that way.”可知,这是我第一次那样跟父亲说话,用序数词first。故选B。
48.句意:我以前从未见过他哭泣。
cry哭;shout喊;smile微笑;talk交谈。根据“But he really cried that time.”可知,他真的哭了。故选A。
49.句意:我坐在那里,不知道该说些什么。
how怎么样;what什么;where哪里;when什么时候。根据“I sat there and didn’t know ... to say.”可知,此处表示我不知道要说什么。故选B。
50.句意:我感到无比难过。
sad伤心的,形容词;sadly伤心地,副词;happy高兴的,形容词;happily高兴地,副词。根据“One day, my dad went to the sea and never returned.”可知,父亲出海后再也没有回来,可以推断我很伤心,felt是feel的过去式,是系动词,后接形容词作表语。故选A。
四、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并在相应的横线上填入其正确形式,使文章完整连贯。注意每词限用一次。
阅读短文,从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
angry if easy problem stay agree way lesson play how
People all have problems. We may have problems with our parents, our teachers, our relatives (亲戚), our neighbors, some strangers or even our best friends. But we should learn to deal with (处理) 51 . If we don’t deal with these problems, we can 52 become unhappy. Worrying about our problems can affect (影响) 53 we do things at school. It can also affect what we do with our families. So how do we deal with our problems? There are many 54 and here is one of them.
Most of us have probably been 55 with our friends, parents or teachers. Perhaps they said something you didn’t like, or you felt they were unfair (不公平的), or their misunderstanding of you. Sometimes people can 56 angry for years about a small problem. 57 we can’t solve the problem, good friendship may be lost. Perhaps we see young children 58 together. Sometimes they don’t 59 with each other, and decide not to talk to each other. However, this usually does not last (持续) for long. This is an important 60 for us to learn.
【答案】
51.problems 52.easily 53.how 54.ways 55.angry 56.stay 57.If 58.playing 59.agree 60.lesson
【导语】本文讲述人人都会遇到难题,告诉我们要学会妥善处理人际矛盾,不要长久因小事生气。
【详解】51.句意:但是我们应当学会处理难题。根据前文“People all have problems”可知,我们要学会处理“问题”。此处泛指各种问题,且deal with后接名词,故用problem的复数形式problems。
52.句意:如果不去解决这些问题,我们很容易变得不开心。此处需要一个副词,在句中修饰动词become。句子表达很“容易”变得不开心,形容词easy要变为副词形式,所以填easily。
53.句意:为烦心事忧虑会影响我们在校做事的方式。此处需要一个连接词,引导宾语从句。语境表示担忧难题会影响我们在校做事的方式,表达“如何”,所以选择how。
54.句意:解决问题有很多方法,下面介绍其中一种。根据后文“here is one of them”(这是其中之一)可知,前面指的是有很多“方法”。many修饰可数名词复数,故填ways。
55.句意:我们大多数人可能都曾经和朋友、父母或老师生过气。根据后文“perhaps they said something you didn’t like”(也许他们说了你不喜欢的话)可知,此处指对朋友、父母等感到“生气”。be angry with是固定搭配,故填angry。
56.句意:有时候人们会因为一件小事持续愤怒好几年。此处需要一个动词原形,放在情态动词can后面。stay angry表示“持续愤怒”,契合语境,所以选择stay。
57.句意:如果我们不能解决这个问题,良好的友谊可能会失去。此处需要一个连词,引导条件状语从句。句意表示如果不能解决问题,友谊可能会失去,句首首字母大写,所以选择If。
58.句意:也许我们看到小孩子在一起玩耍。此处需要动名词,用于see sb. doing结构。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”,语境描绘看见孩子们正在玩耍的画面,选择play变为playing。
59.句意:有时他们彼此不同意,决定不说话。此处需要动词原形,放在don’t之后。固定搭配agree with sb.表示“赞同某人”,所以选择agree。
60.句意:这是值得我们学习的重要启示。此处需要一个名词,被an important修饰。an important lesson指“重要的启示、教训”,贴合文意,所以选择lesson。
五、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Almost every week, Yu Qiang, a policeman from Nanjing, visits his friend’s mom to help with chores.
Yu Qiang and Hou Jianlin 61 (meet) in 1992 and became friends soon. But Hou died in a car accident at 62 age of 30. “Hou was the only child. His 63 (die) made his parents really sad. So when I heard the bad news, I asked 64 (I) who his parents could depend on next. I 65 (think) about it for a long time and finally I made a decision.” Yu said.
Yu visited Hou’s parents and promised to look after them. He kept his word 66 he was really busy. He often provided daily supplies (日常用品) 67 them.
After Hou’s father died, Yu started to visit more often. He helped her do things like 68 (repair) broken chairs and working. He also bought her a mobile phone to make it 69 (easy) to stay in touch (保持联系) than before. “Hou’s mom often says that I give her the hope. Every time I visit, she talks with me 70 (happy).” Yu said.
【答案】
61.met 62.the 63.death 64.myself 65.was thinking 66.though/although 67.for 68.repairing 69.easier 70.happily
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个关于南京警察于强照顾因车祸过世的朋友的父母的故事。
【详解】61.句意:于强与侯建林于1992年相识并很快成为朋友。根据“Yu Qiang and Hou Jianlin…in 1992 and became friends soon.”可知,此处为一般过去时,动词用一般过去式。故填met。
62.句意:但侯建林在30岁时因车祸去世。at the age of…表示“在……岁的时候”。故填the。
63.句意:他的死让他的父母非常伤心。根据His可知,主语为形容性物主代词,后接名词。故填death。
64.句意:我问自己,他的父母接下来可以依靠谁。I人称代词主格,此处应用反身代词myself表示“我自己”。故填myself。
65.句意:我想了很久,终于做出了决定。根据“I…about it for a long time”可知,此处表示过去一阶段一直在发生的事,时态为过去进行时,空处应用be动词的过去式+动词ing形式,主语为I,be动词应用was。故填was thinking。
66.句意:尽管他真的很忙,但他还是信守了诺言。根据“He kept his word…he was really busy.”可知,前后两句为让步关系,因此用though/although引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。
67.句意:他经常为他们提供日常生活用品。provide for表示“提供”,故填for。
68.句意:他帮助她做一些事情,比如修理坏掉的椅子和工作。根据“He helped her do things like…broken chairs and working.”可知,此处的like为介词,后接动名词。故填repairing。
69.句意:他还给她买了一部手机,这使得和她保持联系更容易。easy“容易的”,根据“than before”可知,此处用形容词的比较级easier,表示“更容易”。故填easier。
70.句意:每次我去看她,她都会开心地和我聊天。happy“快乐的”,形容词,此处修饰talk应用副词happily。故填happily。
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