Unit 1 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版七年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦一般过去时核心语法点，构建从be动词过去式（was/were）到实义动词规则变化（四条-ed规则）、不规则动词（had/made/found），再到否定式（didn't+原形）、疑问式（Did+原形）及时间标志词的完整学习支架，层层递进梳理语法脉络。 资料以教材为依托，例句均源自课文及附录，如用《查理和巧克力工厂》书评开篇句引入语法点，结合易错点睛（如family单复数）和中考考法强化理解。通过速记口诀、当堂变式及40分综合训练提升语言运用能力，培养思维品质，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生查漏补缺。

Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 语法讲义 外研版(2022年版课程标准修订) 七年级下册 语法板块:一般过去时 Unit 1 的主题是「幸福的秘密」。课文是对《查理和巧克力工厂》的书评,开篇三句话就把本单元的语法项目全请了出来:The book was full of magic.(这本书充满魔力)The family never had enough food.(这家人总是吃不饱)To my surprise, the family were happy together.(令我惊讶的是,一家人其乐融融)——was、had、were,三个过去式讲完了魔法、贫穷与幸福。本讲义按教材附录 Guide to the language use p119–122 的顺序讲透一般过去时,例句全部取自课文、语法活动(教材 p7 活动 5/6/7)与附录原文,最后配一套 40 分综合训练。 一、从 be 动词说起:was 与 were 教材的说明是:要表达过去的事情,如自己的出生信息等,就要用到动词的过去式,be 的过去式为 was / were。教材用「出生」开篇—— I was born in a small village in Shanxi Province. 我出生在山西省的一个小村庄。 They were born in the same year. 他们是同一年出生的。 【教材出处】教材附录 p119 现在式 am is are 过去式 was was were 教材附录 p119 原表:be 的现在式与过去式对照。 问某人是否在某年、某地出生,把 was / were 提到句首:Were you born in 2008? 你是 2008 年出生的吗?Were you born in Beijing? 你是在北京出生的吗?(教材附录 p119) 教材紧接着拓展:不仅出生要用过去式,只要是表达过去的状态、特征、行为等,就需要用一般过去时。例如—— My primary school teacher was very strict. 我的小学老师很严格。 He was a doctor from 1797 to 1801. 他在 1797 年至 1801 年期间是一名医生。 【教材出处】教材附录 p119 回到课文。教材 p7 活动 5 要求从书评里找出这类句子并总结规则,标准答案就是开篇那三句中的两句—— The book was full of magic. 这本书充满了魔力。(主语 the book 是单数,用 was) To my surprise, the family were happy together. 令我惊讶的是,一家人其乐融融。(注意:the family 在这里指「全家人」,按复数对待,用 were) 【教材出处】教材 p7 活动 5(a)(c),原句出自课文 p4–5 易错点睛 ① family 的单复数看意思:指「全家的人」用复数动词(the family were happy),指「家庭」这个整体用单数(the family was poor);课文里两种用法都出现了,语境一变,动词就变。② I / he / she / it 用 was,you / we / they 及复数名词用 were——先看主语,再定过去式。 二、实义动词的规则变化:四条 -ed 规则 教材的说明是:当我们谈论过去的动作或状态时,常使用一般过去时,句中的谓语要用动词的过去式。教材用了「现在与过去对比」的两个句子—— He often goes to school by bike, but today he walked to school. 他经常骑自行车去学校,但是今天他是走路去的学校。 I live in Beijing now, but I lived in Shanghai three years ago. 我现在住在北京,但是三年前我住在上海。 【教材出处】教材附录 p120 walk walked,live lived:在动词后加 -ed / -d,这类变化称为动词的规则变化。四条规则见下表—— 变化规则 原形 过去式 一般在动词结尾加 -ed walk, listen, look, finish walked, listened, looked, finished 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词后加 -d live, notice, decide lived, noticed, decided 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,y 变为 i,再加 -ed hurry, marry hurried, married 重读闭音节且词尾为元音字母 + 辅音字母,先双写辅音字母,再加 -ed stop, step stopped, stepped 【教材出处】教材附录 p121 规则变化表(原表) 本单元语法活动里的动词正好把四条规则凑齐了:活动 7 的帖子里 We bathed her(bathe 直接加 d)、We tried to touch her(try 变 y 为 i 再加 ed)、and decided to let her join our family(decide 加 d);活动 6 第 3 题 Last weekend, our family trip to the park filled us with happiness.(fill 直接加 ed)。 中考考法 词形变化题最爱考第三、四条:try tried(不是 tryed)、stop stopped(双写 p)。判断口诀:词尾「辅音 + y」先变 i;「重读闭音节 + 元辅结构」先双写。常见送分词还有 plan planned、shop shopped、study studied。 三、不规则动词过去式:had、made、found 规则变化之外,还有一批高频动词的过去式完全「不按规则出牌」,教材例句里就藏着好几个—— The family never had enough food. 这家人总是吃不饱。(have had,课文原句,教材 p7 活动 5(b)) Emily made a cake for her grandpa last night for his 70th birthday. 埃米莉昨晚为爷爷 70 岁生日做了一个蛋糕。(make made,教材 p7 活动 6 第 2 题) We found her a year ago today. 我们是在一年前的今天发现她的。(find found,教材 p7 活动 7 原文) You took a walk this morning. 你今天早上散了步。(take took,教材附录 p122 原表) He / She went to the library yesterday. 他/她昨天去了图书馆。(go went,教材附录 p122 原表) 这些词需要逐个记忆,教材附录 Irregular verbs(不规则动词表)就是总账。建议按变化类型分组背:AAA 型(原形-过去式-过去分词同形)如 cut / put / read;ABB 型如 find–found、make–made、have–had、go–went、take–took、come–came、say–said;ABC 型如 begin–began–begun、write–wrote–written。七年级阶段先把 ABB 型的高频词记牢。 易错点睛 不规则动词最忌「规则化」:finded maked goed 全是高频错例。对策是背「变化对」而不是单个词——看到 have 立刻反应 had,看到 make 立刻反应 made,像背乘法口诀一样成对记。 四、否定式:didn't 后面动词还原 教材的说明是:要表示过去没有做某事或某事没有发生,要用一般过去时的否定形式,需要加助动词——不过不是加 do / does,而是加它们的过去式 did。请看例句—— She didn't like the food in that restaurant. 她不喜欢那家餐馆的食物。 They didn't notice the sign at first. 他们一开始没注意到那块指示牌。 Baby Bear didn't look in the bedroom. 熊宝宝没有往卧室里看。 【教材出处】教材附录 p121 两个要点:第一,didn't 没有人称和数的变化,谁用否定都是 didn't;第二,加了 didn't 之后,原来的谓语动词要变回原形。教材用「肯定 否定」成对比较来敲这一条—— 肯定句(过去式) 否定句(didn't + 原形) I walked to school today. 我今天步行去的学校。 I didn't walk to school today. 我今天没有步行上学。 Baby Bear noticed the little girl in his bed. 熊宝宝看到了躺在他床上的小女孩。 Baby Bear didn't notice the little girl in his bed. 熊宝宝没有看到躺在他床上的小女孩。 【教材出处】教材附录 p121(原文两组对照) 易错点睛 「双重过去」是最典型的失分点:She didn't liked the food. ——did 已经扛起过去时态,liked 的 -ed 是多余的,正解 She didn't like the food. 。写作文时写完否定句,回头扫一眼动词有没有还原。 五、疑问式:Did 开头 + 动词原形 教材的说明是:一般过去时的疑问形式同一般现在时的一样,也是通过在句首加助动词构成,所不同的是助动词用 did。疑问句中,谓语动词同样变成原形—— Did you listen to the news in the morning? 你早上听新闻了吗? Did you watch TV yesterday evening? 你昨天晚上看电视了吗? 【教材出处】教材附录 p121 回答用 did / didn't,不用 was / weren't。教材给的标准示范—— I telephoned my parents yesterday. Did you telephone your parents yesterday? —Yes, I did. 是的,我打了。—No, I didn't. 没有,我没打。 He visited his aunt last weekend. Did he visit his aunt last weekend? —Yes, he did. 是的,他去了。—No, he didn't. 没有,他没去。 【教材出处】教材附录 p122 实义动词一般过去时的四种句式,教材在附录 p122 用一张总表收尾(本表混排了规则动词与不规则动词)—— 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 I started school at three. I did not (didn't) start school at three. Did I start school at three? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. He / She went to the library yesterday. He / She did not (didn't) go to the library yesterday. Did he / she go to the library yesterday? Yes, he / she did. / No, he / she didn't. It rained heavily. It did not (didn't) rain heavily. Did it rain heavily? Yes, it did. / No, it didn't. They played basketball after school. They did not (didn't) play basketball after school. Did they play basketball after school? Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. 教材附录 p122 原表节选(略去 You / We 两行);注意 went、took 属不规则变化。 六、时间标志词:锁定「过去」的信号 教材明确指出:很多一般过去时的句子中包含表示过去的时间状语,例如 from 1797 to 1801(附录 p119)。把这些信号词从教材例句里集中起来,判断时态就有了抓手—— 信号词 教材例句 yesterday I telephoned my parents yesterday.(附录 p122);He / She went to the library yesterday.(附录 p122) last night / last weekend Emily made a cake for her grandpa last night.(p7 活动 6);He visited his aunt last weekend.(附录 p122) … ago I lived in Shanghai three years ago.(附录 p120);We found her a year ago today.(p7 活动 7) in + 过去年份 Were you born in 2008?(附录 p119);They were in the country in 1990.(附录 p120) from… to…(过去时段) He was a doctor from 1797 to 1801.(附录 p119) 没有时间状语时,靠上下文判断:课文《查理和巧克力工厂》书评通篇在讲故事里的过去,所以谓语一路用过去式;而活动 7 帖子的结尾 Look at her now! 之后笔锋转回现在,She likes sleeping… 用的是一般现在时——一篇文章里时态随语境切换,这正是语篇填空的考点。 中考考法 ① 单选题句中只要有 yesterday / last week / two days ago,四个选项基本就在「过去式正确形式」上做文章;② 语篇填空常设「现在过去对照坑」:一处 Look at her now! 或 every day 就要把时态拉回一般现在时,切勿一路过去式写到底。 七、难点突破:didn't / Did 后面的动词必须还原 难点突破|didn't liked 为什么错:did 扛时态,动词还原形 难点是什么|学生写出 She didn't liked the food. / Did you watched TV yesterday evening? 这类「双重过去」句子;句型转换「改为否定句」时也常忘记把 liked 还原成 like。 学生为什么错|汉语的「不喜欢」「没看」里,动词「喜欢」「看」本身不变形,学生直觉地认为英语也应保留过去式动词;另外没有意识到时态信息已经由 did 表达,动词上的 -ed 是重复记号。 怎么判断(可教给学生的话)| (1) 第一步:找时态信号。句中有 yesterday / last week / ago 等标志词或语境为过去 判定一般过去时。 (2) 第二步:见 didn't 或 Did,立即确认时态已经由 did 体现——时态「招牌」挂在助动词身上。 (3) 第三步:谓语动词去掉过去式标记,还原为原形(liked like;watched watch;went go)。 (4) 第四步:回读检查,确保全句只出现一个过去时标记(就是 did),动词原形收尾。 教材例证|Baby Bear didn't notice the little girl in his bed. 熊宝宝没有看到躺在他床上的小女孩。(肯定句是 Baby Bear noticed…,附录 p121 原文对照;noticed 加入 didn't 后还原为 notice) 当堂变式|改错:① She didn't liked the food in that restaurant.( didn't like,附录 p121 原句)② Did you watched TV yesterday evening?( Did you watch…,附录 p121 原句)③ Did he went to the library yesterday?( Did he go…,附录 p122 表内原句) 一句话纠偏|一句话:时态招牌挂在 did 上,动词只管还原原形。 八、综合训练(共 40 分) 练习一 单项选择(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 1. —Where you born? —I was born in a small village in Shanxi Province. A. are B. was C. were D. is 2. The book full of magic, and the family happy together at the end. A. was; were B. were; was C. is; are D. was; was 3. Emily a cake for her grandpa last night for his 70th birthday. A. makes B. made C. make D. is making 4. —Did you watch TV yesterday evening? — A. Yes, I do. B. Yes, I did. C. No, I don't. D. Yes, I was. 5. They notice the sign at first, so they took the wrong road. A. don't B. didn't C. weren't D. not 练习二 用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 1. Last weekend, our family trip to the park (fill) us with happiness. 2. We (find) her a year ago today, and we (make) that day her birthday. 3. She (be) dirty and ill when we found her. 4. In the old days, the family (not have) enough food. 5. you (telephone) your parents yesterday? 练习三 句型转换(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 1. I was born in Beijing.(改为一般疑问句) 2. He walked to school today.(改为否定句) 3. They played basketball after school.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) 4. She liked the food in that restaurant.(改为否定句) 5. He was a doctor from 1797 to 1801.(改为一般疑问句) 练习四 语篇填空(每空 1 分,共 10 分) 阅读下面的帖子,用所给动词的适当形式填空(改编自教材 p7 活动 7,保留原文语境)。 Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. It's also Duanwu's birthday! Last year, we 1. (find) her on the street. She 2. (be) dirty and ill. We 3. (take) her home and 4. (bathe) her. We 5. (try) to touch her, and 6. (decide) to let her join our family. And we 7. (make) that day her birthday! Look at her now! She 8. (like) sleeping in her own basket. She is a happy princess. Our love 9. (make) her happy, and it still 10. (work) every day! 参考答案与解析 练习一:1. C(问句主语 you 用 were,答语 I was 也印证出生语境;教材附录 p119 原句)。2. A(the book 单数用 was;the family 指全家用 were,课文原句,教材 p7 活动 5)。3. B(last night 是过去标志;make 过去式 made)。4. B(Did 开头的疑问句用 did 回答)。5. B(at first 提示过去;didn't 后接原形 notice)。 练习二:1. filled(last weekend 标志过去)。2. found; made(不规则变化)。3. was(主语 she)。4. didn't have(否定式:didn't + 原形,have 过去式 had)。5. Did; telephone(Did + 主语 + 原形)。 练习三:1. Were you born in Beijing?(教材附录 p119 原句)。2. He didn't walk to school today.(walked 还原,教材附录 p121 原句)。3. Did they play basketball after school? No, they didn't.(教材附录 p122 原表)。4. She didn't like the food in that restaurant.(教材附录 p121 原句)。5. Was he a doctor from 1797 to 1801?(was 提前)。 练习四:1. found 2. was 3. took 4. bathed 5. tried 6. decided 7. made 8. likes 9. makes 10. works。解析:1–7 讲「去年」收养的故事,用一般过去时,其中 found、took、made 为不规则变化,bathed、tried、decided 为规则变化;8–10 由 Look at her now! 与 every day 可知转回一般现在时,主语 she 与 our love 均按第三人称单数处理——语篇中时态切换处正是得分关键。 速记口诀 am、is 变 was,are 要变成 were;规则动词加 -ed,辅 y 变 i 闭音双写别忘记;have 变 had make 变 made,不规则成对记;否定疑问请 did,动词还原是铁律;yesterday、last、ago,见了它们用过去。 外研版七年级下册 Unit 1 语法讲义(The secrets of happiness) 第 页 / 共 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $