Unit 3 The Art of Painting 语法填空6篇（中国元素）含详解与翻译-2026-2027学年译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以中国元素主题语篇为载体，系统整合非谓语动词、定语从句等核心语法点，通过考点标注与详解构建“语境-语法-文化”三维训练体系，提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |中国文化主题语篇|6篇（每篇10空）|非谓语动词（主被动关系判断）、定语从句（关系词选择规则）、冠词（泛指特指区分）等语法点解题技巧|以单元词汇为线索，将语法规则融入文化语篇，形成“词汇-语法-语篇理解”递进逻辑，强化思维品质与学习能力|

高二英语选择性必修一 Unit 3 语法填空专项训练 （中国元素主题 6 篇；黑体标出的词为本单元词汇） 1. Along the River During the Qingming Festival is a world-famous scroll ＿＿1＿＿ (paint) by Zhang Zeduan, a court artist of the Northern Song Dynasty. Nearly 1,000 years later, it remains ＿＿2＿＿ national treasure of China. The painting, ＿＿3＿＿ measures more than five meters in length, unfolds like a film: boats ＿＿4＿＿ (sail) down the river, civilian vendors shouting their wares, __5____figures from all walks of life meeting in teahouses and workshops. Every bridge, every tree and every structure appears ＿＿6＿＿ exactly the right place. The overall composition, ＿＿7＿＿ the river winding through the busy city, carries the viewer's eye naturally from the quiet countryside to the downtown crowd. ___8_____ impresses people most is the precise perspective: distant hills are covered in pale ink, while the countryside lies bathed in spring sunshine. As a unique record of daily life long ago, the work speaks volumes about the economy and culture of the Song Dynasty. The original scroll is ＿＿9＿＿ (rare) exhibited, because light and air may harm the silk, ___10____ millions have admired its digital version at exhibitions at home and abroad. 2. In 1974, farmers ＿＿1＿＿ (dig) a well near Xi'an came across one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century — the Terracotta Army. Buried for over 2,000 years, thousands of life-sized soldiers have guarded the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor ＿2＿unified China. The underground army was built on an enormous scale: ＿＿3＿＿ total, more than 8,000 figures have been unearthed, along with rare bronze weapons. Each soldier has a different face, ___4___ suggests that the workers modelled them on real people. The architecture of the pits, with strong walls and wooden roofs, reflects the political power of a dynasty that ＿＿5＿＿ (overthrow) soon after the first emperor's death. Today the site ＿＿6＿＿ the army was discovered has become one of the most visited museums in the world. A careful _____7___(inspect) is carried out on every figure, and experts have built a comprehensive digital archive so that these historic treasures ＿＿8＿＿ (preserve) for future generations. Standing before the silent ranks, many visitors hold their breath ＿＿9＿＿ amazement, which makes them feel as if they had stepped back into ancient times. The figures look so vivid ＿＿10＿＿ they might wake up at any moment. 3. Qi Baishi, one of the most outstanding artists of the 20th century, started life as ＿＿1＿＿ poor carpenter. At 27, he took up painting, and from then on he ＿＿2＿＿ (employ) every spare minute to practise. Instead of copying realistic details on canvas, he tried to capture the essence ＿＿3＿＿ lies within the subject. His shrimps, ＿＿4＿＿ (paint) with a few strokes of ink, look as if they were about ___5______( swim) off the paper at any moment. He loved to paint the landscape of his home village — a quiet pond, willows in deep shade — as well as the portraits of ordinary villagers. His bold brushwork brought a sense of liberation to Chinese painting and soon dominated the art scene. In his nineties, his style became even ＿＿6＿＿ (simple) and bolder. Today his works appear in every major exhibition of Chinese art, and every critic praises the vision behind them; he is honored ＿＿7＿＿ a master in his own right. Qi's story ___8_____(prove) that a great calling may begin in an ordinary life. A painting of shrimps seems small, yet it is worthy ＿＿9＿＿ the highest praise — just like a life mostly devoted to ＿＿10＿＿ one truly loves. 4. The Mogao Caves at Dunhuang, ___1____ historic site on the ancient Silk Road, hold some of the finest Buddhist art in the world. For centuries, however, the rare wall paintings had been slowly damaged: colors fade when they ＿＿2＿＿ (expose) to strong light, and sand-laden winds batter the cliffs. In 1963, a 25-year-old graduate named Fan Jinshi arrived at the caves. ____3______life there was hard, she found her true calling and began to go about her work with quiet passion. Over the following five decades, she joined every major inspection of the caves 4_____documented the crisis facing the site — cracks, leaks and the gradual decline of the paintings. Some of her bold protection plans ＿＿5＿＿ (oppose) at first, but she never gave up. Thanks to her efforts, "Digital Dunhuang", a comprehensive online project, was launched, ＿＿6＿＿ (allow) anyone to view the caves in high resolution without entering them. " What matters is not how famous the caves become, ____7___ how long they last," she once said. Her career proves that protecting cultural treasures may look like an ordinary job, yet it is one that demands extraordinary love. Near the caves stand quiet temples; inside, the murals speak volumes about the devotion of those who have guarded them. If you visit Dunhuang today, you will see murals ＿＿8＿＿ colors have hardly faded — thanks to protectors ＿＿9＿＿ Fan — and you will understand ＿＿10＿＿ people call her "the Daughter of Dunhuang". 5. Three years ago, Lin Xiaoyu gave up her city job and returned to the quiet mountain neighbourhood ＿＿1＿＿ she grew up. Mostly, she films early in the morning, ____2___ the whole landscape is still wrapped in mist. Her camera follows her as she wanders along the path that winds up the hill, picks raw vegetables, _____3___ feeds a muddy piglet by the pond. In each video, she arranges simple country dishes on ＿＿4＿＿ old wooden table — garlic, fresh mushrooms and other crops picked that very morning, with sweet potatoes___5_____ (toast) over the fire. Everything that she uses is grown or made locally, and the setting — an old kitchen with smoke rising — feels like home. As opposed to the busy city, life here is slow; yet her videos have ＿＿6＿＿ (attract) millions of fans at home and abroad, many of ＿＿7＿＿ say watching them calms their minds. She even films the local butcher at work, showing how villagers go about ____8___ (make) smoked bacon. Now several villagers ＿＿9＿＿ (pay) a good wage to help her. Her unexpected career shows that rural life, ______10_____ (present) with love, can touch the whole world. 6. On a weekend morning in Xi'an, groups of young people in flowing clothing gather near the ancient city wall for photos. They are wearing hanfu, the traditional dress of the Han people, ＿＿1＿＿ history goes back thousands of years. A decade ago, it was rare to see hanfu in public; today it is ＿＿2＿＿ (common) seen in parks, museums and even classrooms. The change is down____3___ young people's growing confidence in their own culture — and, of course, to the internet, where fans have waged an online campaign for traditional dress. Museums have held exhibitions where historical garments are displayed; ___4______(ambition) designers are creating new pieces ＿＿5＿＿ mix tradition with modern fashion; and striking videos of hanfu dances keep appearing online. The horse-face skirt, ＿＿6＿＿ (call) mamianqun, has become especially popular among young women. ＿＿7＿＿ you walk in a park or a museum, you are likely to meet someone in hanfu. The apparent revival is not just about clothes: it offers an insight into how tradition can live again. Overall, the new generation is proving that the best way to protect culture is neither to lock it away nor to hide it — but to wear it, use it ___8___ love it. As one young fan put ＿＿9＿＿, "Culture is not only in museums; it can be worn every day." That, perhaps, is ＿＿10＿＿ makes hanfu so worth celebrating. 答案与详解 1. 1. painted　考点：非谓语动词。the scroll 与 paint 之间为被动关系（长卷"被绘制"），用过去分词作后置定语。 2. a　考点：冠词。national treasure 是单数可数名词，此处表泛指"一件国宝"，用不定冠词 a。 3. which　考点：定语从句。先行词 the painting 指物，从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开，为非限制性定语从句，只能用 which。 4. sailing　考点：非谓语动词（独立主格）。boats 与 sail 为主动关系，且与后文 vendors shouting、figures meeting 并列，共同描绘画卷场景，用现在分词。 5. and 考点：连词，三者之间是并列关系。 6. in　考点：介词（固定搭配）。appears ＿＿ exactly the right place，in...place 表"在……的位置"，即"出现在恰好的位置"。 7. with　考点：with 复合结构。with + 名词 + 现在分词，"伴有河流蜿蜒穿城"，补充说明构图。 8. What　考点：名词性从句。主语从句中缺主语，所以在这里只能填what。 9. rarely　考点：词性转换。修饰动词 exhibited 需用副词 rarely（罕见的→很少地）。 10. but　考点：并列连词。根据句意前后为转折关系。 【参考译文】 《清明上河图》是北宋宫廷画家张择端绘制的举世闻名的长卷。近千年后的今天，它依然是中国的国宝。这幅长逾五米的画卷如电影般徐徐展开：小船顺流而下，平民小贩高声叫卖，三教九流在茶馆作坊间相聚。每一座桥、每一棵树、每一处建筑都出现在恰好的位置。整体构图伴着蜿蜒穿城的河流，把观者的目光从静谧乡村自然引向热闹街市。最令人称绝的是精准的透视：远山以淡墨晕染，村庄沐浴在春光里。作为古代日常生活的独特记录，这幅作品充分展现了宋代的经济与文化。真迹极少展出，因为光线和空气会损伤绢本，但数百万人已在国内外展览上欣赏过它的数字版本。 2 1. digging　考点：非谓语动词。farmers 与 dig 为主动关系，现在分词短语作后置定语，"正在打井的农民"。 2. that　考点：定语从句。先行词 the first emperor 指人且被序数词 first 修饰，从句中缺主语，关系词只用 that。 3. In　考点：固定搭配。in total 意为"总计，总共"。 4. which　考点：非限制性定语从句。指代前面整个主句内容（每个兵俑面孔各异），从句前有逗号，用 which。 5. was overthrown　考点：时态语态。a dynasty 与 overthrow 为被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。 6. where　考点：定语从句。先行词 the site 表地点，从句中缺地点状语，用 where。 7. inspection 考点：词形变化，根据前面 a careful... ,这里应该填名词做主语，所以应该将inspect 变为inspection。 8. will be preserved　考点：时态语态。根据for future generations 用一般将来时，treasures 与 preserve 为被动关系，所以填will be preserved，"将被保存"。 9. in　考点：介词固定搭配。in amazement 意为"惊叹地，惊愕地"。 10. that　考点：结果状语从句。so...that...固定结构，"如此……以至于……"。 【参考译文】 1974 年，西安附近的农民在打井时，偶然发现了 20 世纪最伟大的考古发现之一——兵马俑。在地下沉睡两千多年后，数千个真人大小的士兵俑一直守卫着统一中国的第一位皇帝——秦始皇的陵墓。这支地下军团规模惊人：总共出土兵俑八千余件，还有珍贵的青铜兵器。每个兵俑都有不同的面孔，这表明工匠是以真人为原型塑造的。俑坑的建筑——坚固的墙体和木质棚顶——折射出这个在始皇帝去世后不久便被推翻的王朝的政治权力。如今，军队发现地已建成世界上参观人数最多的博物馆之一。每尊俑都要经过细致检查，专家们还建立了全面的数字档案，让这些历史珍宝得以保存给后代。站在静默的军阵前，许多参观者屏住呼吸、惊叹不已，这让他们感觉仿佛回到了古代。俑像如此惟妙惟肖，好像随时都会醒过来。 3 1. a　考点：冠词。carpenter 为单数可数名词，表泛指"一名穷木匠"，用 a。 2. employed　考点：时态。由 from then on 及全文过去叙事可知用一般过去时；employ 此处意为"利用（时间）"。 3. that/which　考点：定语从句。先行词 the essence 指物，从句中缺主语，用 that 或 which。 4 painted　考点：非谓语动词。shrimps 与 paint 为被动关系（虾"被画"），用过去分词作非限制性定语。 5. to swim考点：固定结构be about to do... 6. simpler　考点：比较级。even 修饰比较级；与前文相比风格"更简练"，且与 bolder 并列。 7. as　考点：介词。be honored as..."被尊为……"。 8. proves　考点：时态。最后一段都是在讲客观事实，主语是单数，所以填proves ,做题要注意瞻前顾后。 9. of　考点：固定搭配。be worthy of 意为"配得上，当得起"。 10. what　考点：宾语从句。介词 to 后的从句中 love 缺宾语，指"所热爱的事物"，用 what。 【参考译文】 齐白石，20 世纪最杰出的画家之一，出身于贫苦的木匠。27 岁那年他才开始学画，从那以后，他把每一分空闲时间都用来练习。他不在画布上临摹逼真的细节，而是力求捕捉事物内在的神韵。他画的虾，仅寥寥几笔墨痕，却生动得仿佛随时会游出纸面。他热爱画家乡的风景——静谧的池塘、浓荫下的柳树——也爱画普通村民的肖像。他大胆的笔法为中国画带来了一种解放的气息，很快便引领画坛。九十多岁时，他的风格愈发简练、雄放。今天，他的作品出现在每一场重要的中国画展上，每位评论家都赞叹画中的眼光与胸襟；他被尊为独当一面的一代大师。齐白石的故事证明：伟大的使命可能始于平凡的生活。一幅虾图看似微小，却当得起最高的赞誉——正如一段倾注于所爱之事的人生。 4 1. a 考点： 冠词。 a historic site 做前面主语的同位语，起到解释说明的作用。 2. are exposed　考点：时态语态。客观事实，用一般现在时，they（colors）与 expose 为被动关系，be exposed to..."暴露于……"。 3. Although/ Though/ While 考点：考查让步状语从句。根据句意是：尽管生活艰苦，她却在这里找到了真正的事业，开始怀着静静的热忱投入工作。 4. and 考点： 考查连词连接两个谓语动词。 5. were opposed　考点：时态语态。根据后面but she never gave up ，确定用一般过去时，plans 与 oppose 为被动关系，were opposed"遭到反对"。 6. allowing　考点：非谓语动词。前面整个句子与 allow 为主动关系（项目"使得"人们可以……），用现在分词作结果状语。 7. but　考点：not...but 结构。 8. whose　考点：定语从句。先行词 murals 与 colors 为所属关系，用 whose 引导。 9. like　考点：介词。protectors like Fan 意为"像樊锦诗这样的守护者"。 10. why　考点：宾语从句。understand 后的从句表示原因，"明白人们为什么称她……"，用 why。 【参考译文】 敦煌莫高窟坐落于古丝绸之路上的历史名胜之地，珍藏着世界上最精美的佛教艺术。然而几个世纪以来，珍贵的壁画一直在慢慢受损：一旦暴露在强光下，颜色就会褪去，挟沙的风还不停侵蚀崖壁。1963 年，一位名叫樊锦诗的 25 岁毕业生来到莫高窟。尽管生活艰苦，她却在这里找到了真正的事业，开始怀着静静的热忱投入工作。此后五十年间，她参与了石窟历次重要的勘察，记录下石窟面临的危机——裂缝、渗水以及壁画的日渐衰败。她的一些大胆的保护计划起初遭到反对，但她从未放弃。在她的努力推动下，"数字敦煌"这一全面的线上项目终于启动，让人们无需走进洞窟便能高清欣赏壁画。"重要的不是石窟变得多有名，而是它们能存在多久，"她曾说。她的事业证明：守护文化瑰宝看似平凡的工作，却需要非凡的热爱。石窟附近古寺静立；窟内壁画诉说着守护者们的赤诚。如果你今天去敦煌，你会看到颜色几乎未曾褪去的壁画——这要感谢像樊锦诗这样的守护者——你也会明白，人们为什么称她为"敦煌的女儿"。 5 1. where　考点：定语从句。先行词 the neighbourhood 表地点，从句中缺地点状语，用 where。 2. when 考点：定语从句。先行词 early in the morning 表时间；从句不缺主宾，缺时间状语，用 when。 3. and　考点：并列连词连接三个谓语动词。 4. an　考点：冠词。old 以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 an。 5. toasting 考点：非谓语，with 复合结构。sweet potatoes 和 toast 是主动关系，现在分词作宾补。 6. have attracted　考点：时态。have attracted 现在完成时，表示动作对现在造成的影响（粉丝数百万）。 7. whom　考点：非限制性定语从句。先行词 fans 指人，介词 of 后只能用 whom。 8. making 考点：固定搭配。go about doing sth. 着手 / 从事做某事。 9. are paid　考点：时态语态。主语 villagers（村民）和 pay 是被动关系；陈述当前常态，一般现在时被动：are paid。 10. presented 考点：非谓语作后置定语。rural life 和 present “呈现” 是被动关系，用过去分词 presented。 【参考译文】 三年前，林晓雨辞去城里的工作，回到了自己长大的安静山村。她大多在清晨拍摄，那时整个山野还笼罩在薄雾之中。镜头跟着她沿那条盘山小径漫步：采摘鲜嫩的蔬菜，给塘边一身泥的小猪喂食。每段视频里，她把简单的乡村饭菜摆上一张旧木桌——大蒜、新鲜的蘑菇，还有当天清晨刚摘的庄稼，火堆上还煨着红薯。她用的每一样东西都是本地种植制作的，而那间炊烟袅袅的老厨房，让人感觉就像家。与忙碌的城市正相反，这里的生活很慢；但她的视频已经在国内外吸引了数百万粉丝，其中许多人说，看她的视频能让心静下来。她甚至拍摄当地肉铺师傅干活的样子，展示村民们如何熏制腊肉。如今，几位帮她拍摄的村民拿到了不错的工资。这段意外的事业证明：饱含热爱的乡村生活，足以打动全世界。 6. 1. whose　考点：定语从句。先行词 the traditional dress 与 history 为所属关系（"它的历史"），用 whose。 2. commonly　考点：词性转换。修饰动词 seen 用副词 commonly"常见地"。 3. to 考点：固定短语 be down to... 可归因与.... 4. ambitious 考点：词形变化，形容词修饰名词designers。 5. that/which　考点：定语从句。先行词 pieces 指物，从句中缺主语，用 that 或 which。 6. called　考点：非谓语动词。the horse-face skirt 与 call 为被动关系，"被称为马面裙"，用过去分词。 7. Whether　考点：让步状语从句。whether...or...固定结构，"无论……还是……"。 8. and 考点：并列连词，三者是并列关系。 9. it考点：固定搭配。put it 意为"表达，措辞"，as one young fan put it "正如一位粉丝所说"。 10. what考点：表语从句。is 后的从句中 makes 缺主语成分,指"让汉服值得庆祝的东西"，用 what。 【参考译文】 周末清晨的西安，一群群身着飘逸服饰的年轻人聚在古城墙附近拍照。他们穿着汉服——汉族的传统服装，其历史可以追溯到数千年前。十年前，在公共场合见到汉服还很稀罕；如今，在公园、博物馆甚至教室里，汉服已随处可见。这一变化源于年轻人对自身文化日益增长的自信——当然，也离不开互联网：粉丝们在网上为传统服饰发起了一场声势不小的运动。博物馆举办了历史服饰展览，有抱负的设计师正在创作传统与现代相融合的新款，曼妙的汉服舞蹈视频也不断出现在网上。被称为"马面裙"的款式尤其受年轻女性的青睐。无论你走进公园还是博物馆，都很可能遇见身穿汉服的人。这场显而易见的复兴不只是关于衣服：它让我们看到，传统也可以重新活在当下。总的来说，新一代正在证明：保护文化的最好方式，既不是把它锁进柜子，也不是把它束之高阁——而是穿上它、使用它、热爱它。正如一位年轻粉丝所说："文化不只在博物馆里，它也可以天天穿在身上。"或许，这正是汉服如此值得庆祝的原因。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $