Unit 2 Inspiring People（单元知识清单）-【知识大闯关】2026-2027学年英语人教版九年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单聚焦“Unit 2 Inspiring People”，系统梳理词汇（27个必背词、15个高频短语）、语法（定语从句）、写作（人物介绍）等核心内容，通过8关闯关设计搭建从热身记忆到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以分类分级呈现知识体系，如词汇按词性标注考点与搭配，语法突出三大易错点训练，写作提供三段式框架及避错清单，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特色设计包括“考点即学即练”和“错题收纳盒”，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此精准教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Inspiring People · 单元知识清单 班级 ______　姓名 ______　得分 ______ 共 8 关｜满分 100★｜建议用时 60 分钟　｜　答案已抽出：做完后到末页「答案自查区」核对 Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元知识清单（全单元总复习）· 闯关学习单 【通关地图】 关卡 闯关内容 满分 我的星星 第 1 关 热身闯关 · 词汇猜猜猜 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 2 关 分类词汇站 · 27 个必背词 12★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 3 关 短语快车道 · 15 个高频短语 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 4 关 交际套句 · 写作金句 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 5 关 语法闯关 · 定语从句（who / that） 15★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 6 关 考点精讲 · 词形变化 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 7 关 终极挑战赛（单选 / 阅读 / 拼写 / 完成句子） 23★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 8 关 写作工坊 + 我的战绩自评 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 合计 加油，你离「王者」只差 1 颗星 100★ 第 1 关　热身闯关 · 词汇猜猜猜　（10★） 先别翻下面的清单！凭记忆试一试，答对 1 题得 2★，看看你能拿几颗星。 ★ 冲关开始（5 小题 × 2★） 1.【中文快译】研究员（名词）→ ________________ 2.【谜语猜词】A hundred years. 谜底（名词）：________________ 3.【选词填空】Her speech was really ________.（首字母提示：i，修饰事物） 4.【首字母填空】Never g_________ when you meet difficulties.（放弃） 5.【中译英】勇气（不可数名词）→ ________________ 第 2 关　分类词汇站 · 27 个必背词　（12★） 按词性分类记单词，记得更快。背诵版看红色英文，默写版只看中文和音标自己写。 一、名词（n.） 序号 中文提示 英文（自己写） 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 1 历史学家 ________________ /hɪˈstɔːriən/ 以 -ian 结尾，表某类人 2 研究人员，研究员 ________________ /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ 动词 research 加 -er 变人 3 化学家 ________________ /ˈkemɪst/ 化学家是 chemist，化学是 chemistry 4 物理学家 ________________ /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ 物理学家是 physicist，物理是 physics 5 发现 ________________ /dɪˈskʌvəri/ 复数要把 y 变 i 再加 -es 6 世纪，百年 ________________ /ˈsentʃəri/ 复数 centuries 7 先驱，先锋 ________________ /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ 指开创某领域的人 8 成就，功绩 ________________ /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ 动词 achieve 加 -ment 变名词 9 灵感；鼓舞人心的力量（不可数） ________________ /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ 不可数名词，不能加 s 10 化学（不可数） ________________ /ˈkemɪstri/ 不可数名词；注意与 chemist 区别 11 饥饿（不可数） ________________ /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ 不可数名词；suffer from ＋ 它 12 勇气，胆量（不可数） ________________ /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ 不可数名词；用 much 修饰 13 智慧（不可数） ________________ /ˈwɪzdəm/ 形容词 wise 加 -dom 变名词 14 疾病 ________________ /dɪˈziːz/ 常与 fight against 连用 二、动词（v.） 序号 中文提示 英文（自己写） 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 15 激励；鼓舞 ________________ /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ 搭配：后接 sb. to do sth. 16 钦佩；仰慕；欣赏 ________________ /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ 搭配：for 引出钦佩的原因 17 发现；发觉 ________________ /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ 名词加 -y 变 discovery 18 传播；散布 ________________ /spred/ 三态同形 19 勇敢面对；冒（风险） ________________ /breɪv/ 同形形容词：brave 勇敢的 三、形容词（adj.） 序号 中文提示 英文（自己写） 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 20 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物） ________________ /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ 修饰事物，令人……的 21 受鼓舞的（修饰人） ________________ /ɪnˈspaɪəd/ 修饰人，感到……的 22 勇敢的，无畏的 ________________ /breɪv/ 既可作形容词，也可作动词 23 必要的，必需的 ________________ /ˈnesəsəri/ 常用句型“对某人来说……是必要的” 24 令人钦佩的 ________________ /ˈædmərəbl/ 由动词 admire 变来 25 明智的，聪明的 ________________ /waɪz/ 名词加 -dom 变 wisdom 四、副词（adv.） 序号 中文提示 英文（自己写） 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 26 勇敢地 ________________ /ˈbreɪvli/ 形容词 brave 加 -ly 变副词 27 明智地 ________________ /ˈwaɪzli/ 形容词 wise 加 -ly 变副词 第 3 关　短语快车道 · 15 个高频短语　（10★） 先记短语，再读例句。默写版请先写出短语，再把例句中文译成英语。 序号 短语（自己写） 含义 例句（请把中文译成英语） 1 ________________ 钦佩；仰慕某人 译句：许多年轻人仰慕这些科学家。 2 ________________ 从……辍学；退出…… 译句：他不想辍学。 3 ________________ 放弃（做某事） 译句：遇到困难时永远不要放弃。 4 ________________ 遭受；受……之苦（疾病、苦难） 译句：那时很多人饱受饥饿之苦。 5 ________________ 把……奉献于……；致力于（to 是介词，后接名词 / doing） 译句：她把一生奉献给医学研究。 6 ________________ 取得巨大成就 译句：袁隆平在农业领域取得了巨大成就。 7 ________________ （梦想）实现（主语是梦想，无被动） 译句：他的梦想终于实现了。 8 ________________ 因……而闻名 译句：居里夫人因其科学发现而闻名。 9 ________________ 作为……而出名 译句：他作为一名伟大的先驱而出名。 10 ________________ 冒险 译句：有时候科学家不得不冒险。 11 ________________ 与……作斗争；对抗 译句：他们与这种可怕的疾病作斗争。 12 ________________ 在 20 世纪 译句：20 世纪出现了许多新发明。 13 ________________ 在某人一生中 译句：他一生经历了许多艰难时刻。 14 ________________ 激励某人做某事 译句：这个故事激励我们勇敢面对挑战。 15 ________________ 因某事钦佩某人 译句：我钦佩她的勇气。 第 4 关　交际套句 · 写作金句　（10★） 这些句子写作时直接套用。背下模板，再换上自己的主语和谓语，句子就是你的了。 一、询问人物问答（写人物类作文必用） 套句模板（课文原型） 中文 仿写示范（换主语 + 换谓语） Who is the person you admire most? 你最敬佩的人是谁？ Who is the person you look up to most? The person I admire most is … 我最敬佩的人是…… The person I respect most is Mozi. —Why do you look up to him / her?　—Because he / she has great courage and never gives up. 你为什么仰慕他 / 她？因为他 / 她拥有巨大勇气，从不放弃。 —Why do you look up to her?　—Because she has great wisdom and works hard. What makes him so inspiring?　His hard-working spirit makes him inspiring. 是什么让他如此鼓舞人心？他刻苦的精神使他鼓舞人心。 What makes her so admirable?　Her brave spirit makes her admirable. What great achievements has he made?　He made great achievements in science. 他取得了哪些伟大成就？他在科学领域取得了巨大成就。 What great achievements has she made?　She made great achievements in medicine. 二、口语短句 套句模板 中文 仿写示范（换主语 + 换谓语） I really admire him for his courage. 我真的很敬佩他的勇气。 We really admire her for her kindness. I look up to her very much. She is my hero. 我非常仰慕她，她是我的偶像。 They look up to him very much. He is their model. He is such an inspiring person. 他真是一个鼓舞人心的人。 She is such an admirable teacher. Her spirit is really admirable. 她的精神令人十分钦佩。 His courage is really inspiring. I’m deeply moved by his stories. 我被他的故事深深打动。 We are deeply moved by her words. 三、阅读拔高金句 套句模板 中文 仿写示范（换主语 + 换谓语） He inspires me to work harder. 他激励我更加努力。 She inspires us to keep trying. He encourages me not to give up when I am in trouble. 他鼓励我身处困境时不要放弃。 She encourages us not to be afraid when we face problems. From him, I learn that nothing is impossible if we keep trying. 从他身上我学到：只要坚持努力，一切皆有可能。 From her, I learn that hard work can change our life. It’s necessary for us to learn from those great people. 向伟人学习对我们来说很有必要。 It’s important for us to learn from those brave heroes. 第 5 关　语法闯关 · 定语从句（who / that）　（15★） 本单元第一语法！who / that 引导的定语从句 + 三大易错点，一关搞懂。 一、基本构成 先行词 关系代词 例句 人 who / that（作主语或宾语） Many teenagers look up to people who have made great achievements. 物 that（本单元主要掌握） This is the discovery that changed the world. 二、who 引导定语从句（先行词是人） 结构：人 + who + 从句（描述这个人的情况）。who 在从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时可换成 whom，口语中也可省略。 1. The woman who we admire is a great chemist.（who 作宾语，可省略） 2. He is the pioneer that changed people’s lives.（that 作主语，不可省略） 三、三大易错点 + 对点训练 ★ 易错点 01 易错点 01　who / that 作主语不可省，作宾语可省 原理：关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时可以省略。 1. The girl ________ helps me is my classmate.（who 作主语，不可删） 　　A. who　B. what　C. whose　D. which　________________ ★ 易错点 02 易错点 02　从句谓语单复数跟随先行词；从句内不重复主语 原理：从句的谓语动词要看 who 所指代的先行词的单复数；从句内部不要重复主语。 ✗ We admire the people, who they made great achievements. ✅ We admire the people who made great achievements. 1. I like people who ________ hard-working.　________________ 2. The scientist who ________ the machine is very young.　________________ ★ 易错点 03 易错点 03　though 与 but 不共存 + devote … to doing 1. though / although 与 but 只能二选一，不能同时出现。 　✗ Though he met many problems, but he never gave up. 　✅ Though he met many problems, he never gave up. 2. devote … to … 中 to 是介词，后接名词 / doing，不接动词原形。 　✗ She devoted her life to do medical research. 　✅ She devoted her life to doing medical research. 1. ________ he was tired, he kept on working. 　　A. Though　B. But　C. Because　D. So　________________ 2. He devoted his life to ________ people in need.　________________ 第 6 关　考点精讲 · 词形变化　（10★） 六个高频词的“变形 + 搭配”，中考词形变换题全靠它们。 考点词 变形 / 搭配 中考例句（已改写） 1. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的（修饰物）；inspired adj. 受鼓舞的（修饰人）；inspiration n. 灵感 The coach’s words inspired the players to try again. 2. admire v. 钦佩；仰慕 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；搭配：admire sb. for sth. We admire the doctor for his brave spirit. 3. discover v. 发现 discovery n. 发现；复数 discoveries（变 y 为 i 加 -es） They made a new discovery about the deep sea. 4. spread v. 传播；散布 不规则变化：spread-spread-spread（不是 spreaded） The good news spread quickly through the town. 5. achieve v. 取得；实现 achievement n. 成就；搭配：make great achievements 取得巨大成就 Our team has achieved great success this year. 6. courage / wisdom / hunger 不可数 用 much 修饰，不能加 s It takes much courage to tell the truth. ★ 考点即学即练 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。（5 小题 × 2★） 1. The scientist’s story is very _______ (inspire).　________________ 2. We all felt _______ (inspire) after the speech.　________________ 3. Her _______ (admire) spirit is worth learning.　________________ 4. Scientists made an important _______ (discover) last year.　________________ 5. He made great _______ (achieve) in science.　________________ 第 7 关　终极挑战赛　（23★） 中考题型全覆盖：单选、阅读、单词拼写、完成句子，一级一级来！ Ⅰ. 单项选择（10 小题 × 1★）　★ 1. Mozi is one of the most famous ______ in Chinese history.　________________ 　　A. thinker　B. thinkers　C. thinking　D. thought 2. —What do you think of the young scientist?　—I really ______ him for his great work.　________________ 　　A. spread　B. admire　C. drop　D. discover 3. Marie Curie is regarded as a ______ in the field of science.　________________ 　　A. soldier　B. historian　C. disease　D. pioneer 4. I enjoy studying ______ because I like doing experiments.　________________ 　　A. chemistry　B. chemist　C. chemical　D. chemists 5. The Warring States ______ was a time of great change in Chinese history.　________________ 　　A. Kingdom　B. Period　C. Kindness　D. Mankind 6. The scientist ______ discovered the new plant is very young.　________________ 　　A. which　B. what　C. who　D. whose 7. ______ he met lots of difficulties, he never gave up his research.　________________ 　　A. Though　B. But　C. Because　D. So 8. It ______ great courage to fight against such a serious disease.　________________ 　　A. spends　B. takes　C. costs　D. pays 9. Yuan Longping ______ great achievements in agriculture all his life.　________________ 　　A. made　B. did　C. took　D. gave 10. Those doctors ______ from hunger and cold in the old days.　________________ 　　A. influenced　B. suffered　C. devoted　D. achieved Ⅱ. 阅读理解（4 小题 × 1★）　★★　阅读短文，选择最佳答案 Tu Youyou is one of the most inspiring scientists in modern China. She was born in Zhejiang Province in 1930, and she loved science when she was very young. In the 1960s, many people in China suffered from a serious disease. Tu Youyou and her team worked day and night to find a cure. They read many old books and did hundreds of experiments. Though she failed many times, she never gave up. At last, she found artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that has saved millions of lives. In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize and became the first Chinese woman to win it. She devoted her whole life to medical research. Many young people look up to her, because she shows great courage and never stops learning. 11. When was Tu Youyou born?　________________ 　　A. In 1910.　B. In 1920.　C. In 1930.　D. In 1940. 12. What did Tu Youyou and her team do to find a cure?　________________ 　　A. They gave up quickly.　B. They read old books and did many experiments.　C. They asked for help from other countries.　D. They stopped studying. 13. What happened to Tu Youyou in 2015?　________________ 　　A. She won the Nobel Prize.　B. She became a teacher.　C. She opened a clinic.　D. She left China. 14. Why do many young people look up to Tu Youyou?　________________ 　　A. Because she is very rich.　B. Because she gave up her work.　C. Because she shows great courage and never stops learning.　D. Because she likes travelling. Ⅲ. 单词拼写（5 小题 × 1★）　★★　根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词 15. Marie Curie was a great ________ (化学家).　________________ 16. He has a lot of ________ (勇气) to face the difficulty.　________________ 17. These scientists ________ (发现) a new planet last year.　________________ 18. We should never ________ (放弃) our dreams.　________________ 19. The old doctor ________ (勇敢地) fought against the disease.　________________ Ⅳ. 完成句子（4 小题 × 1★）　★★★ 20. 据说他是最鼓舞人心的人物之一。 　　________ that he is one of the most inspiring people. 【作答区】请把答案写在题中横线上，做完核对末页「答案自查区」。 21. 无论发生什么，你都不要放弃。 　　No matter what happens, you should never ________. 【作答区】请把答案写在题中横线上，做完核对末页「答案自查区」。 22. 美好的生活充满了惊喜和机遇。 　　A good life is ________ surprises and chances. 【作答区】请把答案写在题中横线上，做完核对末页「答案自查区」。 23. 事实上，每个人都可能有所作为。 　　________, everyone can make a difference. 【作答区】请把答案写在题中横线上，做完核对末页「答案自查区」。 第 8 关　写作工坊 + 我的战绩自评　（10★） 一、话题分析 1. 核心话题：人物介绍类记叙文（介绍一位鼓舞人心的人物） 2. 题目高频考法：The Person I Admire Most（最高频）／An Inspiring Person／Someone Who Inspires Me 3. 固定写作逻辑：引出人物 → 经历与困难 → 成就与品质 → 我的感悟 4. 必须使用的核心语法（得分关键）：定语从句 who / that；时态：事迹用一般过去时，评价与感悟用一般现在时。 二、写作框架（三段式） 段落 功能 万能句 / 写作公式 第一段 开篇点题（点明人物与身份） The person I admire most is …. He / She is a great …. 第二段 主体段（全文最高分段落）：遇到的困难 + 主要成就 Though he / she met many difficulties, he / she never gave up.／He / She devoted his / her life to doing ….／He / She made great achievements in … 第三段 结尾升华（评价品质 + 我的感悟，得分重点） He / She has great courage and wisdom. He / She is really an inspiring person.／He / She inspires me to keep trying. I will learn from him / her. 三、写完必查避错清单 1. though 和 but 没有同时使用； 2. devote … to 后面是 doing，不是 to do； 3. come true 没有用被动（不写 be come true）； 4. 时态不乱：过去事迹用过去时，感悟用现在时； 5. courage / wisdom / hunger 不可数，没有加 s； 6. 定语从句没有多加多余代词（不用 who they…）； 7. 单词拼写：discoveries（复数）、spread 变形正确； 8. 词数达到要求，有结尾感悟，不缺要点。 四、范文背诵（The Person I Admire Most） The person I admire most is Mozi, a great thinker in Chinese history. He was born more than two thousand years ago. At that time, many kingdoms fought against each other, and people lived a hard life. Though he met many difficulties, he never gave up. He devoted his life to helping people, and he taught that everyone should show kindness and care to others. His ideas were so wise that they still live on today. He has great courage and wisdom. He is really an inspiring person. He inspires me to work hard and be kind to others. I will learn from him. 五、我的战绩自评 环节 满分 我得的星 我的易错点 / 想再练一遍的地方 第 1 关　热身闯关 10★ 第 2 关　分类词汇站 12★ 第 3 关　短语快车道 10★ 第 4 关　交际套句 · 写作金句 10★ 第 5 关　语法闯关 · 定语从句 15★ 第 6 关　考点精讲 · 词形变化 10★ 第 7 关　终极挑战赛 23★ 第 8 关　写作工坊 10★ 合计 100★ ★ 段位榜 90★ 及以上 · 王者　｜　80★ 黄金　｜　70★ 白银　｜　60★ 青铜　｜　60★ 以下：再来一次，把错题讲给同学听！ 【错题收纳盒】把今天做错的题号写下来，明天重做一遍。 1. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 家长 / 老师签字：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 答案自查区　（做完再核对，可沿边框裁下） ★ 全部答案解析 第 1 关　热身闯关 1. researcher　2. century　3. inspiring　4. give up　5. courage 第 2 关　分类词汇站（27 词） 名词：1.historian　2.researcher　3.chemist　4.physicist　5.discovery　6.century　7.pioneer　8.achievement　9.inspiration　10.chemistry　11.hunger　12.courage　13.wisdom　14.disease 动词：15.inspire　16.admire　17.discover　18.spread　19.brave 形容词：20.inspiring　21.inspired　22.brave　23.necessary　24.admirable　25.wise 副词：26.bravely　27.wisely 第 3 关　短语快车道 1.look up to sb.　2.drop out of…　3.give up (doing sth.)　4.suffer from　5.devote … to …　6.make great achievements　7.come true　8.be known for　9.be famous as　10.take risks　11.fight against　12.in the 20th century　13.in one’s life　14.inspire sb. to do sth.　15.admire sb. for sth. 参考译句：1. Many young people look up to these scientists.　2. He didn’t want to drop out of school.　3. Never give up when you meet difficulties.　4. Many people suffered from hunger at that time.　5. She devoted her life to medical research.　6. Yuan Longping made great achievements in farming.　7. His dream finally came true.　8. Marie Curie is known for her scientific discoveries.　9. He is famous as a great pioneer.　10. Sometimes scientists have to take risks.　11. They fought against the terrible disease.　12. Lots of new inventions appeared in the 20th century.　13. He experienced many hard times in his life.　14. The story inspires us to face challenges bravely.　15. I admire her for her courage. 第 5 关　语法闯关 · 定语从句 易错点 01　1. A｜易错点 02　1. are　2. invented｜易错点 03　1. A　2. helping 第 6 关　考点精讲：1.inspiring　2.inspired　3.admirable　4.discovery　5.achievements 第 7 关　终极挑战赛 Ⅰ. 1.B　2.B　3.D　4.A　5.B　6.C　7.A　8.B　9.A　10.B Ⅱ. 11.C　12.B　13.A　14.C Ⅲ. 15.chemist　16.courage　17.discovered　18.give up　19.bravely Ⅳ. 20.It is said　21.give up　22.full of　23.In fact 第 8 关　写作工坊：范文见正文，请对照三段式框架与避错清单自查自己的作文。 第 页 / 共 页　·　闯关学习单 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 2 Inspiring People · 单元知识清单 班级 ______　姓名 ______　得分 ______ 共 8 关｜满分 100★｜建议用时 60 分钟　｜　答案已用红色标出：先自己做，再看红色答案 Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元知识清单（全单元总复习）· 闯关学习单 【通关地图】 关卡 闯关内容 满分 我的星星 第 1 关 热身闯关 · 词汇猜猜猜 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 2 关 分类词汇站 · 27 个必背词 12★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 3 关 短语快车道 · 15 个高频短语 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 4 关 交际套句 · 写作金句 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 5 关 语法闯关 · 定语从句（who / that） 15★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 6 关 考点精讲 · 词形变化 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 7 关 终极挑战赛（单选 / 阅读 / 拼写 / 完成句子） 23★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 第 8 关 写作工坊 + 我的战绩自评 10★ ☆☆☆☆☆ 合计 加油，你离「王者」只差 1 颗星 100★ 第 1 关　热身闯关 · 词汇猜猜猜　（10★） 先别翻下面的清单！凭记忆试一试，答对 1 题得 2★，看看你能拿几颗星。 ★ 冲关开始（5 小题 × 2★） 1.【中文快译】研究员（名词）→ researcher 2.【谜语猜词】A hundred years. 谜底（名词）：century 3.【选词填空】Her speech was really ________.　(inspiring / inspired) 4.【首字母填空】Never give up when you meet difficulties.（放弃） 5.【中译英】勇气（不可数名词）→ courage 第 2 关　分类词汇站 · 27 个必背词　（12★） 按词性分类记单词，记得更快。背诵版看红色英文，默写版只看中文和音标自己写。 一、名词（n.） 序号 中文提示 英文 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 1 历史学家 historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ 搭配：a famous historian 一位著名的历史学家 2 研究人员，研究员 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ 动词形式：research 研究 3 化学家 chemist /ˈkemɪst/ 辨析：chemistry 化学 4 物理学家 physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ 辨析：physics 物理 5 发现 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ 复数：discoveries（变 y 为 i 加 -es） 6 世纪，百年 century /ˈsentʃəri/ 搭配：in the 20th century 在 20 世纪 7 先驱，先锋 pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ 搭配：a pioneer in… ……领域的先驱 8 成就，功绩 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ 搭配：make great achievements 取得巨大成就 9 灵感；鼓舞人心的力量（不可数） inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ 不可数；搭配：draw inspiration from 从……汲取灵感 10 化学（不可数） chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ 不可数；搭配：study chemistry 学化学 11 饥饿（不可数） hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ 不可数；搭配：suffer from hunger 饱受饥饿 12 勇气，胆量（不可数） courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ 不可数；搭配：have great courage 很有勇气 13 智慧（不可数） wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ 不可数；形容词：wise 明智的 14 疾病 disease /dɪˈziːz/ 既可数 [C] 也不可数 [U]；搭配：fight against a disease 二、动词（v.） 序号 中文提示 英文 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 15 激励；鼓舞 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 16 钦佩；仰慕；欣赏 admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 17 发现；发觉 discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ 名词：discovery 发现（指发现本来就存在的事物） 18 传播；散布 spread /spred/ 不规则：spread-spread-spread（不是 spreaded） 19 勇敢面对；冒（风险） brave /breɪv/ 动词用法：brave difficulties 勇敢面对困难 三、形容词（adj.） 序号 中文提示 英文 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 20 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物） inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ 例句：That is an inspiring speech. 21 受鼓舞的（修饰人） inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd/ 例句：He felt inspired after the talk. 22 勇敢的，无畏的 brave /breɪv/ 例句：She is a brave young girl. 23 必要的，必需的 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 句型：It is necessary for sb. to do sth. 24 令人钦佩的 admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ 动词 admire 变形容词 admirable 25 明智的，聪明的 wise /waɪz/ 名词：wisdom 智慧 四、副词（adv.） 序号 中文提示 英文 音标 考点 / 搭配提示 26 勇敢地 bravely /ˈbreɪvli/ 例句：She bravely faced the difficulty. 27 明智地 wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ 例句：You should use your time wisely. 第 3 关　短语快车道 · 15 个高频短语　（10★） 先记短语，再读例句。默写版请先写出短语，再把例句中文译成英语。 序号 短语 含义 例句 1 look up to sb. 钦佩；仰慕某人 Many young people look up to these scientists.（许多年轻人仰慕这些科学家。） 2 drop out of… 从……辍学；退出…… He didn’t want to drop out of school.（他不想辍学。） 3 give up (doing sth.) 放弃（做某事） Never give up when you meet difficulties.（遇到困难时永远不要放弃。） 4 suffer from 遭受；受……之苦（疾病、苦难） Many people suffered from hunger at that time.（那时很多人饱受饥饿之苦。） 5 devote … to … 把……奉献于……；致力于（to 是介词，后接名词 / doing） She devoted her life to medical research.（她把一生奉献给医学研究。） 6 make great achievements 取得巨大成就 Yuan Longping made great achievements in farming.（袁隆平在农业领域取得了巨大成就。） 7 come true （梦想）实现（主语是梦想，无被动） His dream finally came true.（他的梦想终于实现了。） 8 be known for 因……而闻名 Marie Curie is known for her scientific discoveries.（居里夫人因其科学发现而闻名。） 9 be famous as 作为……而出名 He is famous as a great pioneer.（他作为一名伟大的先驱而出名。） 10 take risks 冒险 Sometimes scientists have to take risks.（有时候科学家不得不冒险。） 11 fight against 与……作斗争；对抗 They fought against the terrible disease.（他们与这种可怕的疾病作斗争。） 12 in the 20th century 在 20 世纪 Lots of new inventions appeared in the 20th century.（20 世纪出现了许多新发明。） 13 in one’s life 在某人一生中 He experienced many hard times in his life.（他一生经历了许多艰难时刻。） 14 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 The story inspires us to face challenges bravely.（这个故事激励我们勇敢面对挑战。） 15 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 I admire her for her courage.（我钦佩她的勇气。） 第 4 关　交际套句 · 写作金句　（10★） 这些句子写作时直接套用。背下模板，再换上自己的主语和谓语，句子就是你的了。 一、询问人物问答（写人物类作文必用） 套句模板（课文原型） 中文 仿写示范（换主语 + 换谓语） Who is the person you admire most? 你最敬佩的人是谁？ Who is the person you look up to most? The person I admire most is … 我最敬佩的人是…… The person I respect most is Mozi. —Why do you look up to him / her?　—Because he / she has great courage and never gives up. 你为什么仰慕他 / 她？因为他 / 她拥有巨大勇气，从不放弃。 —Why do you look up to her?　—Because she has great wisdom and works hard. What makes him so inspiring?　His hard-working spirit makes him inspiring. 是什么让他如此鼓舞人心？他刻苦的精神使他鼓舞人心。 What makes her so admirable?　Her brave spirit makes her admirable. What great achievements has he made?　He made great achievements in science. 他取得了哪些伟大成就？他在科学领域取得了巨大成就。 What great achievements has she made?　She made great achievements in medicine. 二、口语短句 套句模板 中文 仿写示范（换主语 + 换谓语） I really admire him for his courage. 我真的很敬佩他的勇气。 We really admire her for her kindness. I look up to her very much. She is my hero. 我非常仰慕她，她是我的偶像。 They look up to him very much. He is their model. He is such an inspiring person. 他真是一个鼓舞人心的人。 She is such an admirable teacher. Her spirit is really admirable. 她的精神令人十分钦佩。 His courage is really inspiring. I’m deeply moved by his stories. 我被他的故事深深打动。 We are deeply moved by her words. 三、阅读拔高金句 套句模板 中文 仿写示范（换主语 + 换谓语） He inspires me to work harder. 他激励我更加努力。 She inspires us to keep trying. He encourages me not to give up when I am in trouble. 他鼓励我身处困境时不要放弃。 She encourages us not to be afraid when we face problems. From him, I learn that nothing is impossible if we keep trying. 从他身上我学到：只要坚持努力，一切皆有可能。 From her, I learn that hard work can change our life. It’s necessary for us to learn from those great people. 向伟人学习对我们来说很有必要。 It’s important for us to learn from those brave heroes. 第 5 关　语法闯关 · 定语从句（who / that）　（15★） 本单元第一语法！who / that 引导的定语从句 + 三大易错点，一关搞懂。 一、基本构成 先行词 关系代词 例句 人 who / that（作主语或宾语） Many teenagers look up to people who have made great achievements. 物 that（本单元主要掌握） This is the discovery that changed the world. 二、who 引导定语从句（先行词是人） 结构：人 + who + 从句（描述这个人的情况）。who 在从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时可换成 whom，口语中也可省略。 1. The woman who we admire is a great chemist.（who 作宾语，可省略） 2. He is the pioneer that changed people’s lives.（that 作主语，不可省略） 三、三大易错点 + 对点训练 ★ 易错点 01 易错点 01　who / that 作主语不可省，作宾语可省 原理：关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时可以省略。 1. The girl ________ helps me is my classmate.（who 作主语，不可删） 　　A. who　B. what　C. whose　D. which　A ★ 易错点 02 易错点 02　从句谓语单复数跟随先行词；从句内不重复主语 原理：从句的谓语动词要看 who 所指代的先行词的单复数；从句内部不要重复主语。 ✗ We admire the people, who they made great achievements. ✅ We admire the people who made great achievements. 1. I like people who ________ hard-working.　are 2. The scientist who ________ the machine is very young.　invented ★ 易错点 03 易错点 03　though 与 but 不共存 + devote … to doing 1. though / although 与 but 只能二选一，不能同时出现。 　✗ Though he met many problems, but he never gave up. 　✅ Though he met many problems, he never gave up. 2. devote … to … 中 to 是介词，后接名词 / doing，不接动词原形。 　✗ She devoted her life to do medical research. 　✅ She devoted her life to doing medical research. 1. ________ he was tired, he kept on working. 　　A. Though　B. But　C. Because　D. So　A 2. He devoted his life to ________ people in need.　helping 第 6 关　考点精讲 · 词形变化　（10★） 六个高频词的“变形 + 搭配”，中考词形变换题全靠它们。 考点词 变形 / 搭配 中考例句（已改写） 1. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的（修饰物）；inspired adj. 受鼓舞的（修饰人）；inspiration n. 灵感 The coach’s words inspired the players to try again. 2. admire v. 钦佩；仰慕 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；搭配：admire sb. for sth. We admire the doctor for his brave spirit. 3. discover v. 发现 discovery n. 发现；复数 discoveries（变 y 为 i 加 -es） They made a new discovery about the deep sea. 4. spread v. 传播；散布 不规则变化：spread-spread-spread（不是 spreaded） The good news spread quickly through the town. 5. achieve v. 取得；实现 achievement n. 成就；搭配：make great achievements 取得巨大成就 Our team has achieved great success this year. 6. courage / wisdom / hunger 不可数 用 much 修饰，不能加 s It takes much courage to tell the truth. ★ 考点即学即练 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。（5 小题 × 2★） 1. The scientist’s story is very _______ (inspire).　inspiring 2. We all felt _______ (inspire) after the speech.　inspired 3. Her _______ (admire) spirit is worth learning.　admirable 4. Scientists made an important _______ (discover) last year.　discovery 5. He made great _______ (achieve) in science.　achievements 第 7 关　终极挑战赛　（23★） 中考题型全覆盖：单选、阅读、单词拼写、完成句子，一级一级来！ Ⅰ. 单项选择（10 小题 × 1★）　★ 1. Mozi is one of the most famous ______ in Chinese history.　B 　　A. thinker　B. thinkers　C. thinking　D. thought 2. —What do you think of the young scientist?　—I really ______ him for his great work.　B 　　A. spread　B. admire　C. drop　D. discover 3. Marie Curie is regarded as a ______ in the field of science.　D 　　A. soldier　B. historian　C. disease　D. pioneer 4. I enjoy studying ______ because I like doing experiments.　A 　　A. chemistry　B. chemist　C. chemical　D. chemists 5. The Warring States ______ was a time of great change in Chinese history.　B 　　A. Kingdom　B. Period　C. Kindness　D. Mankind 6. The scientist ______ discovered the new plant is very young.　C 　　A. which　B. what　C. who　D. whose 7. ______ he met lots of difficulties, he never gave up his research.　A 　　A. Though　B. But　C. Because　D. So 8. It ______ great courage to fight against such a serious disease.　B 　　A. spends　B. takes　C. costs　D. pays 9. Yuan Longping ______ great achievements in agriculture all his life.　A 　　A. made　B. did　C. took　D. gave 10. Those doctors ______ from hunger and cold in the old days.　B 　　A. influenced　B. suffered　C. devoted　D. achieved Ⅱ. 阅读理解（4 小题 × 1★）　★★　阅读短文，选择最佳答案 Tu Youyou is one of the most inspiring scientists in modern China. She was born in Zhejiang Province in 1930, and she loved science when she was very young. In the 1960s, many people in China suffered from a serious disease. Tu Youyou and her team worked day and night to find a cure. They read many old books and did hundreds of experiments. Though she failed many times, she never gave up. At last, she found artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that has saved millions of lives. In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize and became the first Chinese woman to win it. She devoted her whole life to medical research. Many young people look up to her, because she shows great courage and never stops learning. 11. When was Tu Youyou born?　C 　　A. In 1910.　B. In 1920.　C. In 1930.　D. In 1940. 12. What did Tu Youyou and her team do to find a cure?　B 　　A. They gave up quickly.　B. They read old books and did many experiments.　C. They asked for help from other countries.　D. They stopped studying. 13. What happened to Tu Youyou in 2015?　A 　　A. She won the Nobel Prize.　B. She became a teacher.　C. She opened a clinic.　D. She left China. 14. Why do many young people look up to Tu Youyou?　C 　　A. Because she is very rich.　B. Because she gave up her work.　C. Because she shows great courage and never stops learning.　D. Because she likes travelling. Ⅲ. 单词拼写（5 小题 × 1★）　★★　根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词 15. Marie Curie was a great ________ (化学家).　chemist 16. He has a lot of ________ (勇气) to face the difficulty.　courage 17. These scientists ________ (发现) a new planet last year.　discovered 18. We should never ________ (放弃) our dreams.　give up 19. The old doctor ________ (勇敢地) fought against the disease.　bravely Ⅳ. 完成句子（4 小题 × 1★）　★★★ 20. 据说他是最鼓舞人心的人物之一。 　　________ that he is one of the most inspiring people. 【参考答案】It is said 21. 无论发生什么，你都不要放弃。 　　No matter what happens, you should never ________. 【参考答案】give up 22. 美好的生活充满了惊喜和机遇。 　　A good life is ________ surprises and chances. 【参考答案】full of 23. 事实上，每个人都可能有所作为。 　　________, everyone can make a difference. 【参考答案】In fact 第 8 关　写作工坊 + 我的战绩自评　（10★） 一、话题分析 1. 核心话题：人物介绍类记叙文（介绍一位鼓舞人心的人物） 2. 题目高频考法：The Person I Admire Most（最高频）／An Inspiring Person／Someone Who Inspires Me 3. 固定写作逻辑：引出人物 → 经历与困难 → 成就与品质 → 我的感悟 4. 必须使用的核心语法（得分关键）：定语从句 who / that；时态：事迹用一般过去时，评价与感悟用一般现在时。 二、写作框架（三段式） 段落 功能 万能句 / 写作公式 第一段 开篇点题（点明人物与身份） The person I admire most is …. He / She is a great …. 第二段 主体段（全文最高分段落）：遇到的困难 + 主要成就 Though he / she met many difficulties, he / she never gave up.／He / She devoted his / her life to doing ….／He / She made great achievements in … 第三段 结尾升华（评价品质 + 我的感悟，得分重点） He / She has great courage and wisdom. He / She is really an inspiring person.／He / She inspires me to keep trying. I will learn from him / her. 三、写完必查避错清单 1. though 和 but 没有同时使用； 2. devote … to 后面是 doing，不是 to do； 3. come true 没有用被动（不写 be come true）； 4. 时态不乱：过去事迹用过去时，感悟用现在时； 5. courage / wisdom / hunger 不可数，没有加 s； 6. 定语从句没有多加多余代词（不用 who they…）； 7. 单词拼写：discoveries（复数）、spread 变形正确； 8. 词数达到要求，有结尾感悟，不缺要点。 四、范文背诵（The Person I Admire Most） The person I admire most is Mozi, a great thinker in Chinese history. He was born more than two thousand years ago. At that time, many kingdoms fought against each other, and people lived a hard life. Though he met many difficulties, he never gave up. He devoted his life to helping people, and he taught that everyone should show kindness and care to others. His ideas were so wise that they still live on today. He has great courage and wisdom. He is really an inspiring person. He inspires me to work hard and be kind to others. I will learn from him. 五、我的战绩自评 环节 满分 我得的星 我的易错点 / 想再练一遍的地方 第 1 关　热身闯关 10★ 第 2 关　分类词汇站 12★ 第 3 关　短语快车道 10★ 第 4 关　交际套句 · 写作金句 10★ 第 5 关　语法闯关 · 定语从句 15★ 第 6 关　考点精讲 · 词形变化 10★ 第 7 关　终极挑战赛 23★ 第 8 关　写作工坊 10★ 合计 100★ ★ 段位榜 90★ 及以上 · 王者　｜　80★ 黄金　｜　70★ 白银　｜　60★ 青铜　｜　60★ 以下：再来一次，把错题讲给同学听！ 【错题收纳盒】把今天做错的题号写下来，明天重做一遍。 1. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 家长 / 老师签字：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 第 页 / 共 页　·　闯关学习单 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $