专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，贵州专用）高二英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦高二说明文阅读，精选贵州多所学校期中试题，涵盖科技前沿（如垂直农场、人形机器人）、文化传承（如罗马尼亚熊舞）、生态保护（如亚马逊雨林）等主题，适配期中检测需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|16篇（每篇4题）|细节理解（如吴明珠工作经历时间）、主旨大意（如语言保护工程目的）、推理判断（如垂直农场优势）、词义猜测（如“imperiled”含义）|以“人与社会”“人与自然”等主题为纲，素材兼具时代性（AI与电影产业）与人文性（幽默风格与心理健康），问题设计梯度分明，既考查信息定位能力，又注重逻辑推理与文化理解。|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市水城区·期中）Wu Mingzhu, a female melon breeding expert and founder of Xinjiang melon quality improvement, was born on January 3, 1930, in Wuhan, Hubei. As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding. After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College’s Horticulture Department in 1953, Wu worked at Chongqing’s Southwest Agricultural and Forestry Bureau. She then served in the Southwest Office of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1954 to 1955. Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward, holding roles like secretary of the Rural Work Department, agricultural technology station director, and agricultural school vice principal. From 1975 to 1985, she took leading positions including Turpan Prefecture Science and Technology Commission director and CPC Turpan Prefectural Committee member. In 1985, she resigned from leadership to focus on research at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Horticultural Crops Institute. Her efforts earned her election as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999. In 2005, she became Honorary Director of Shanghai Jiading’s Hami Melon Research Department. Wu pioneered the collection of Xinjiang’s local melon resources, saving endangered varieties. She also established an innovative technical system for melon breeding and soilless culture. 1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The history of Xinjiang’s melon industry. B. The development of Hami Melon Research Center. C. The job of the Chinese Academy of Engineering members. D. The basic information of melon expert Wu Mingzhu. 2.When did Wu Mingzhu volunteer to work in Turpan? A. 1956. B. 1954. C. 1953. D. 1975. 3.What did Wu become after resigning in 1985? A. Deputy director of a Science Commission. B. Researcher at Xinjiang’s Horticultural Institute. C. Vice principal of Turpan Agricultural School. D. Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. 4.Which of the following words best describes Wu Mingzhu? A. Patient. B. Curious. C. Devoted. D. Humorous. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市纽绅中学·期中）Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago. Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi” who blow whistles to a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chosen for his leadership skills, the head tamer is the one who decides when each of the acts is played and gives the signs. The “bears” dance to the beat set by the flutes and the drums. Wearing the special costumes (戏服) requires strength and confidence, with the heaviest of costumes weighing up to 50 kilos. When the person wearing the costume is standing up straight, the “bear” looks up. During the dance, the wearer must move forward and shake his or her body to the left and to the right while taking small steps either to the front or to the side. The Bear Dance symbolizes the death and rebirth of time. Performed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient celebration brings together the whole community, who gather to watch the performance. The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year. By tradition, the group of the Bear Dance, which includes 6 to 24 “bears” would visit every family of the village, accompanied by up to three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing women’s clothes and drummers. While this tradition is still observed in many villages, in cities and towns it usually takes the form of a parade that ends with a major performance. 1.What do we know about the Bear Dance? A. It is specially performed by bears. B. It is better celebrated in cities. C. It is a tradition with a long history. D. It is a daily sport in Romania. 2.How does the Bear Dance begin? A. Several characters beat drums. B. The bear tamer dances to a rhythm. C. Some performers played the flutes. D. A group of members blow whistles. 3.Why do the locals hold the Bear Dance every year? A. To welcome the arrival of the new year. B. To celebrate the positive part of life. C. To call on people to protect wild animals. D. To provide themselves with a way to have fun. 4.Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A. Nature. B. Culture. C. Business. D. Environment. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·贵州毕节市威宁六校联考·期中）What Could the School of 2050 Look Like? Thanks to technology-driven advances in education, the school of 2050 may look different in many ways. For example, on entering the classroom, biometric scanning (生物识别扫描) will allow students to check in. Teachers will be able to gather attendance data automatically. For the school of the future, there will be no need to deal with heavy curtains or dust-covered blinds; we’ll have smart glass. Windows can automatically adjust their colors, protecting both our eyes and screens. By 2050, 3D printers will have become a standard appliance, both in the home and at school. As a learning aid, they’ll have become crucial, allowing teachers more flexibility to explain difficult concepts. Adaptive learning systems driven by artificial intelligence (AI) will have become integrated into the school environment by 2050. Personalized learning experiences will take into account learning styles and create adaptive assessments that adjust in real time based on performance. AI may also be used to analyze pupils’ work, even so far as predicting future performance, helping teachers understand which students need more guidance on a particular concept before they fall behind. Students will be able to get immediate feedback (反馈), with suggested areas for improvement and more personalized tutoring (辅导) based on their strengths and weaknesses. And homework assignments will mostly be online. From downloading the assignment at the end of the lesson to submitting it remotely, students will be able to view their coursework, see the percentage completed, and track general assessments. Gone will be the days of carrying heavy textbooks, and hurriedly putting them into lockers after lessons. Students of the future can look forward to having recommended reading materials right at their fingertips via e-readers and tablet devices which can be operated through virtual reality. As a result, dependence on paper products will be reduced. Though paper won’t disappear completely, it’ll be eco-friendly, either recycled or made from fast-growing plants like bamboo. 1.How will students in 2050 check in? A. By biometric scanning. B. With check-in sheets. C. With a teacher’s headcount. D. By messaging the teacher. 2.What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about? A. AI’s impact on reducing school operational costs. B. The role of AI in personalizing student learning paths. C. The use of virtual reality in enhancing physical education. D. The benefits of adaptive learning systems for student safety. 3.What can we learn about the future textbooks? A. They only use bamboo paper. B. They will remain paper-based. C. Digital ones may replace them. D. All the students in the class only need one. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To criticize traditional teaching methods. B. To tell readers what future schools will be like. C. To promote the use of technology in education. D. To highlight the challenges faced by students. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·贵州贵阳市南湖实验中学·期中）Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin (普通话), some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago. This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos. Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local cultures. Language faithfully shows the history, the beliefs and the biases (偏见) of an area, he said. Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialects, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said. So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers. The project is now entering into its second part. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects. 1.What is the purpose of the project? A. To teach people Mandarin. B. To protect dialects. C. To develop people’s speaking skills. D. To show ways of talking. 2.How many audio clips are collected in this project? A. 103. B. 1,712. C. 5 million. D. Over 5.6 million. 3.What is the situation of Wu dialect according to Zhang Hongming? A. It is in danger of disappearance. B. It is widely spoken in Suzhou. C. It has more than 6,000 dialect speakers. D. It is taught in more than 350 universities. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. China online language resource library. B. Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. C. The Chinese Language Resources Protection Project. D. Zhang Hongming, a scholar of Chinese dialect protection. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵阳市观山湖区第一高级中学·期中）Modern lives often make people overeat. This usually happens during holidays, or when they’re stressed, like while preparing for exams. A study by Dr. Stephanic Kullmann’s team at the University of Tübingen, Germany, shows that even five days of overeating can cause big and lasting changes in brains of healthy young men. The experiment had 29 male volunteers aged 19-27 with normal body weight. Volunteers were divided into two groups. The experimental group added 1,500 extra calories every day like chocolate bars and potato chips for five days, while the control group kept their normal diet. Researchers used whole-brain MRI to examine the brain insulin (胰岛素) activity. They also did blood tests and measured liver fat to check metabolic (代谢的) changes. The results showed after only five days of over eating, volunteers developed more liver fat and showed changed insulin sensitivity in brain regions related to reward processing. In psychological tests, they became less sensitive to reward and more sensitive to punishment. Surprisingly, these changes happened without any big weight gain. This means that the brain reacts to what we eat before we see any physical changes. Dr. Kullmann said, “The speed of these neurological (神经系统的) changes surprised us — they are detectable before any visible weight changes.” Perhaps the more worrying was the long-term effects. One week after volunteers returned to their normal diets, memory-related areas of the brain showed lower insulin sensitivity. The brain’s white matter, which helps the nerves talk to each other well, also showed changes. It appeared like those in fat people; raising important questions about how short-term overeating could lead to long-term health problems. The study’s findings go against what we usually think about occasional overeating. It brought no big changes in weight but in brain, which might make it harder for people to eat healthily in the future. The reward system might create a vicious cycle where unhealthy foods become more attractive while healthy choices seem less rewarding. As Dr. Kullmann concludes, “Our brains are more sensitive to dietary changes than we realized— what we eat today may influence how we think and choose tomorrow.” 1.What did the researchers do in the experiment? A. Grouping the volunteers by the body weight. B. Increasing the participants’ daily caloric intake. C. Examining the participants’ physical changes. D. Recording the frequency of the brain activity. 2.What happened to the volunteers after five days of overeating? A. They had an increase in fat. B. They were more interested in reward. C. They gained significant weight. D. They showed changed reward processing. 3.What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The brain’s white matter controls neural communication. B. Short-term overeating has harmful long-term health effects. C. Memory-related areas of the brain is less sensitive. D. Fat people have similar brain changes. 4.What does the study suggest about occasional overeating? A. It determines our future eating habits. B. It may cause a bad cycle of food choice. C. It is harmless as there is no weight gain. D. It affects the brain temporarily. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·贵阳市观山湖区第一高级中学·期中）Scientists from the University of Florida (UF) have recently reported on the world’s largest nesting site for freshwater turtles (海龟). Giant South American River Turtles are large turtles that live in rivers in South America. They get their name from the size of the adults, which can weigh over 135 pounds. These turtles are imperiled since they have to face people engaged in unlawful hunting of them for the sale of their meat and eggs, and the loss of their habitats. In July and August each year, female turtles gather in large numbers to nest in the sandbanks of the Guaporé River. Scientists use drones (无人机) to count turtles by taking pictures from above, which are combined into a large, detailed image called orthomosaic. Counting the animals shown in an orthomosaic disturbs the animals less than having researchers walk through the area. However, the turtles often move around, so some may be counted more than once. Scientists marked 1,187 gathering turtles, did 4 daily full-coverage drone surveys (1,500 images each) for 12 days. Studying the marked turtles revealed 20% of walking turtles repeated in images. Then they built a mathematical model based on the new orthomosaic analysis to accurately estimate the sandbank’s turtle population. Ground observers counted roughly 16,000 turtles. Orthomosaic reviewers (not accounting for animal movement or markings) counted about 79,000. With the new statistical models applied, the site’s turtle population was estimated at around 41,000. “These numbers vary greatly — a problem for conservationists,” UF researcher Ismael Brack said. “If scientists are unable to establish a precise count of individuals of a species, how will they know if the population is in decline or the protection works?” The team plans to spend more to perfect their monitoring methods by conducting more drone flights. They detail ways to adapt and apply this technique to conservation efforts with other species that are monitored and surveyed using drone-obtained orthomosaics. “By combining information from multiple surveys, we can detect population trends, and we’ll know where to invest in conservation actions,” Brack said. 1.What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Threatened. B. Appreciated. C. Blamed. D. Identified. 2.What is the disadvantage of the previous orthomosaic? A. It produced unclear images. B. It caused a double count. C. It required too much time. D. It disturbed the turtles greatly. 3.What does Brack emphasize in paragraph 4? A. The importance of accurate figures. B. The problem caused by varied data. C. The failure of protection efforts. D. The equipment needed for observers. 4.What do the scientists think of their mathematical model? A. It’s quite trendy. B. It’s easy to operate. C. It’s too expensive. D. It’s worth promoting. 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Construction robots are not new. They have been doing difficult jobs on building sites for some time. Now, there is a new robot named Charlotte. It is said that this robot can build a 2,150-square-foot house all by itself in just one day. It works as fast as about 100 human workers. Charlotte was created by two Australian companies. One company developed a special, environmentally friendly building material. This material is made from sand, waste glass, and broken bricks found locally. The other company built the robot. Traditional building needs a lot of steps, like fixing steel bars (钢筋) and setting up wooden frames (框架). But Charlotte is different. It uses a special system to 3D print the building material, layer (层) by layer. It can even move and lift itself up using its “spider legs”. All this is done by one machine in a single, continuous process. The robot is still being developed. It will probably take a few years before it builds its first real house. A smaller early model was shown at a recent exhibition. The companies have big dreams for Charlotte. They hope it will not only build houses on Earth in the future but also help build bases for research on the Moon. They say its design, which copies ideas from nature, and its ability to work alone make it perfect for the Moon. While Charlotte seems best for simple building styles right now, its main goal is to help with two big problems: not enough workers and slow building progress. These problems make it hard to solve the housing shortage in many countries. The houses it builds can keep out floods and resist fire. The building process is much faster and cheaper than traditional methods. If the materials are taken from nearby places, it can also be better for the environment by reducing carbon emissions. Of course, this robot builder won’t be the right solution for every place, climate, or what every person likes, But for the millions of people who need a home, it sounds like a very hopeful way to help solve part of the problem. 1.Which aspect of Charlotte is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Its amazing work efficiency. B. Its widespread application. C. Its environmental quality. D. Its convenient operation. 2.How is Charlotte’s building process different from traditional methods? A. It needs more time. B. It requires more workers. C. It focuses on wooden structures. D. It uses a single continuous process. 3.What future application do the companies expect of Charlotte? A. Repairing historical buildings. B. Developing new building materials. C. Building research bases on the Moon. D. Creating artistic statues for famous people. 4.What is the author’s attitude to the robot builder? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful D. Uncaring. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市水城区·期中）The world’s population will reach 9.5 billion by 2050, and we need more land to grow food. However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels. What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming. A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities. These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown. Some tested technologies make vertical farms possible. Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients (no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors. Cities have good spaces for vertical farms, such as empty land, old buildings or rooftops. These farms can reuse city wastewater to water crops and burn plant waste to make electricity. Experts say no new technologies are needed to build good vertical farms. Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them? 1.What is a big problem for farming today? A. Enough land for farming. B. Little fresh water in farming. C. No population growth. D. No new usable farmland. 2.What can we infer about vertical farms? A. Vertical farms make more food go bad easily. B. Vertical farms need more fossil fuels to run. C. Vertical farms can cut down on farming pollution. D. Vertical farms take up more land than traditional farms. 3.What is the best title for the text? A. Vertical Farms:A Smart Solution for Future Farming. B. Population Growth:A Big Problem for Food Supply. C. Traditional Farming:Its High Costs and Wastes. D. New Irrigation Methods:Saving Water for Crops. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards vertical farms? A. Negative. B. Uncaring. C. Positive. D. Doubtful. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市水城区·期中）XPeng Motors, a Chinese new energy vehicle brand, held its seventh XPeng Technology Day event on November 5th, where it displayed its latest version of the IRON humanoid (人形机器人) robot. One of the highlights of the event was the robot walking onto the stage with smooth, almost cat-like movements that surprised those present. Videos taken during the live show later became popular on social media, making most viewers amazed by the robot’s lifelike walking style. Some even guessed that there was a real person walking inside the robot’s net-like outer cover. As the guesswork became increasingly widespread, He Xiaopeng, Chairman and CEO of XPeng Motors, posted a video of his team cutting open the robot’s arm to prove no one was hiding inside. “There are always people who don’t believe the world is changing so fast,” He said. “This morning, they made me film a continuous, uncut video to answer this question. I hope everyone can tell right from wrong and help us make things clear. ”In the video, XPeng Motors staff use scissors to cut open the white “skin” covering the robot’s left lower leg and the inner “muscle” fibers (纤维), showing the metal structure inside. The robot then walks off the stage to the loud cheers and applause of the crowd. “We hope this is the last time we have to prove that the IRON robot is truly itself. We hope that after tonight, more people will believe that a robot capable of walking like a cat was made by a Chinese company. ”He Xiaopeng wrote on his Weibo account. XPeng is not the first company to surprise people with its robot’s smooth movements. Earlier this year, Engine AI, a new Chinese robotics company, also showed a humanoid robot with surprisingly smooth movements. These changes not only show the fast development of China’s robotics industry but also reflect the country’s growing strength in key technologies like AI and accurate machines. As technological innovation speeds up, such “unbelievable” achievements are sure to become more common, expanding the limits of what humans and machines can achieve together. 1.What made the IRON humanoid robot a highlight of XPeng Technology Day? A. Its special outer net design. B. The video shared by He Xiaopeng. C. The secret of the “person” inside it. D. Its smooth cat-like walking style. 2.What is Xiaopeng’s purpose of posting the uncut video? A. To promote the new IRON robot to the public. B. To show nobody was hiding inside the robot. C. To show the robot’s advanced limb structure. D. To thank the team for working hard on the robot. 3.What can we infer from He Xiaopeng’s words on Weibo? A. The IRON robot still needs further improvement. B. He is tired of explaining the robot’s technology C. He is proud of the Chinese-made IRON robot. D. Chinese firms lead the global robotics industry. 4.What does the author want to convey through the last paragraph? A. China’s robotics industry has a promising future. B. Engine AI is a strong competitor of Xpeng Motors. C. Xpeng’s achievement in robotics is not unique. D. Technological innovation should be encouraged. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·贵州贵阳市南湖实验中学·期中）In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, an alarming phenomenon is taking place. Deforestation, primarily driven by logging, agriculture, and urban expansion, is occurring at an astonishing rate. Every minute, approximately 200 football fields’ worth of rainforest is being cleared. To put this into perspective, the scale of deforestation each day is equivalent to the size of a small city. The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate. It absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. The destruction of this natural carbon sink means more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming. For instance, over the past decade, due to deforestation, the Amazon region has seen a significant increase in average temperatures, leading to more frequent and severe droughts. Moreover, the rainforest is home to an incredibly diverse range of plant and animal species. Many of these species are endemic, meaning they exist nowhere else on Earth. Deforestation not only destroys their habitats but also pushes countless species towards extinction. This loss of biodiversity has far-reaching ecological consequences, disrupting food chains and delicate ecosystems. Some insects that rely on specific plants for survival are disappearing, which in turn affects the birds and small mammals that feed on them. Thankfully, there are initiatives in place to combat deforestation. Some local communities are working with environmental organizations to promote sustainable forestry practices. They are actively monitoring logging activities to prevent illegal cutting. They’ve established checkpoints on forest access roads to ensure that only authorized logging operations take place. Additionally, schools in the region are incorporating environmental education into their curricula, raising awareness among the younger generation. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to limit deforestation and encourage countries to protect their forests. Large-scale reforestation projects have also been launched, with the goal of restoring vast areas of the damaged rainforest. Scientists are closely studying the unique plant species in the Amazon to develop more effective reforestation techniques. In conclusion, while the situation in the Amazon rainforest remains critical, these concerted efforts give hope for the future. The fight against deforestation requires the continuous cooperation of governments, communities, environmental groups, and individuals worldwide. 1.What is the main cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest? A. Logging, agriculture, and urban expansion. B. The need for more farmland to feed a growing population. C. The search for rare minerals in the rainforest. D. The construction of new roads for transportation. 2.What does the phrase “lungs of the Earth” imply about the Amazon rainforest? A. It is a place where people can go to breathe fresh air. B. It helps to purify the air by absorbing carbon dioxide. C. It is a large, natural space that resembles the shape of lungs. D. It is a vital part of the Earth’s respiratory system in a literal sense. 3.Which of the following is NOT a consequence of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest? A. An increase in the number of endemic species. B. Disruption of food chains and ecosystems. C. Acceleration of global warming. D. Destruction of habitats for many species. 4.Which of the following initiatives is mentioned to combat deforestation? A. Scientists developing new technologies to stop deforestation. B. Governments imposing high taxes on logging companies. C. Local communities monitoring logging activities. D. Tourists volunteering to plant trees in the rainforest. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·贵州遵义市凤冈县·期中）The world has been changing very quickly since the introduction of generative (生成的) artificial intelligence (AI). Generative AI now helps write stories, create art and answer questions, and it can even copy people’s voices. It’s being used in schools, offices, music and movies. Even the Oscars (奥斯卡奖) are changing because of AI. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has updated (更新) its rules, saying films that use AI are now allowed to win awards. So even if a movie uses AI to help with writing, editing or voices, it can still win Hollywood’s biggest prize. The Academy explained that using AI will not help or hurt a film’s chances of getting nominated (被提名), although human creativity and input are still the things that matter most. “AI is just a tool,” said Academy president David Rubin. “What truly makes a film great is the human story behind it.” The use of AI in film became a talking point after this year’s Oscars, when Adrien Brody won Best Actor for his work in The Brutalist. In the film, both Brody and his co-star Felicity Jones had to speak Hungarian, a very difficult language to pronounce. According to the film’s editor David Jancso, AI was used to perfect their speech. “They did a wonderful job, but we also wanted to perfect it so that even locals will not notice any difference.” Another Oscar-winning film, the musical Emilia Perez, used AI to improve the singing of the actors. The use of AI is becoming more common in the film and music industries. But not everyone is happy about it. During the 2023 Hollywood strikes, many actors and writers spoke out about AI, saying they were worried it could take away their jobs. Some worried that studios might use it to write scripts instead of hiring real writers, and others feared their voices or faces could be copied by AI without their permission (许可). Industry experts suggest that while AI can assist in production, it cannot replace human creativity and emotional depth that audiences connect with. 1.What does the Academy say about AI in films? A. AI films are unable to win Oscars. B. All films will use AI in the near future. C. AI doesn’t change a film’s chance to win. D. AI is becoming more important than humans. 2.How does the author show the influence of AI on the film industry? A. By giving examples of AI in films. B. By presenting the history of AI. C. By focusing on technical details. D. By comparing AI with traditional tools. 3.Why were some Hollywood workers unhappy about AI? A. It made their voices sound strange. B. It completely changed Oscar rules. C. It might make them lose their jobs. D. It made movies win too many awards. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. AI in the Oscars: Rules & Influence B. AI in Film-Making: Future & Possibilities C. AI in the Film Industry: Creativity & Success D. AI in Hollywood: Anxieties and Worries. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·贵州黔西南州金成实验学校·期中）In general, sharks are considered swimming rubbish containers that dine on whatever they can fit in their mouths. But in French Polynesia, black-tip reef sharks that often visit places where tourists throw them low-quality leftovers are suffering harm to their metabolic (新陈代谢的) and reproductive health. Johann Mourier, an animal behavioral expert, studied the movements, behavior and reproduction of sharks around Mo’ orea, a small island near Tahiti. Since the blacktip reef sharks there tend to be homebodies — sometimes spending a decade or more within one area — Mourier and his teammates wondered how sharks living at sites visited by generous tourists might be influenced by all the attention. In an earlier study on the sharks’ movements, the researchers found that female sharks from active feeding sites moved around more than those at sites less touched by humans. Female sharks also left the warm, shallow waters the species prefers. The team wondered about the reasons behind the sharks’ behavioral changes. From May 2008 to May 2011, Mourier and his teammates caught 49 female and 68 male black-tip reef sharks at different locations around the island. Five locations were feeding sites, while 12 were non-feeding. The researchers drew blood from the sharks and found the unit of blood made up of red blood cells — an overall measure of health condition — was lower for both male and female sharks at the feeding sites. “The glucose (葡萄糖) in the blood of the female sharks during the pairing season decreased, which means that food quality was worse at feeding sites,” says Mourier. The leftovers offered by humans are like junk food and don’t appear to have the same nutritional (营养的) quality as the sharks’ normal diet. The researchers suggest that monitoring and managing the kinds of foods given to sharks in places with widespread feeding activities may be necessary for protecting the health of the sharks. “Shark tourism is very beneficial for the sharks’ protection,” Mourier says. “But you also need to better manage the activity.” 1.Why did Mourier study black-tip reef sharks around Mo’ orea? A. They are friendly by nature. B. They live in shallow waters. C. They are key to the environment. D. They stay longer at the feeding sites. 2.What did the researchers focus on for their new study? A. Key nutrients of sharks’ diets. B. Sharks’ varied swimming activity. C. Movement patterns of male sharks. D. Health markers related to sharks’ behavior. 3.What is Mourier’s suggestion for protecting the health of sharks? A. Increasing feeding sites. B. Reducing the number of tourists. C. Controlling food types for feeding. D. Stopping shark feeding activities. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The impact of tourism feeding on sharks. B. The effect of tourism on sharks’ natural home. C. The sharks’ behavioral adaptation to humans. D. The connection between sharks’ diet and health. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·贵州遵义市凤冈县·期中）It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism (机制), capable of turning anxiety into pleasure. There are four humor styles. Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny, which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. If you’ve ever shared a funny picture with a coworker, you’ve used affiliative humor. Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humor is laughing at the expense of others, which often involves sarcasm (讽刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers, which is possibly used by someone who’s targeted by bullies. Each style of humor actually carries a different influence, when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles can hint at trouble. “We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humor style may not experience loneliness as much, however, since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of their peers,” says Schermer. Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles, there’s no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people can develop a positive, self-enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote, “Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.” 1.Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To show the importance of mental health. B. To stress the role of humor. C. To persuade people to stay positive. D. To introduce ancient jokes to us. 2.According to the text, which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure? A. Affiliative humor. B. Self-enhancing humor. C. Aggressive humor. D. Self-defeating humor. 3.What does the underlined phrase “hint at” probably mean in the third paragraph? A. Signal. B. Explain. C. Prevent. D. Solve. 4.Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with? A. Humor is difficult to control. B. Crying is a good way of relief. C. Humor is a double-edged sword. D. Laughter is the best cure for stress. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity. While that may seem a little far-fetched (牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree. Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a week-long experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools. The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period. All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand. The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades. They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom. American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand-up desks. Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results. In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire, became Europe’s first test one, with a seven-week trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifth-grade classrooms. While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging. The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience. 1.The students may be unhappy because _____. A. they have to exchange desks with each other B. the officials show no sympathy to them at all C. there are no seats for them to sit in class D. they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats 2.Older students may not like stand-up desks because _____. A. they are cleverer than younger students B. they are easily tired of standing long C. they have formed the habit of sitting D. they do badly in class while standing 3.What is most likely to be the result of the seven-week trial? A. The standing desks can’t be used at all. B. It is good for students to use stand-up desks. C. More tests should be done in other schools. D. The students are different in personality. 4.Why do the teachers like the standing desks? A. Because the educators can draw the students’ attention. B. Because the teachers can keep the students healthy. C. Because the students can have a walk in the classroom. D. Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校联考·期中）While technological advancements have improved the convenience of urban commuting in recent years, environmental studies show a worrying reduction in urban green spaces, especially in densely populated districts. Many residents complain that there’s lack of accessible nature-filled areas for relaxation and exercise, so they end up spending more time indoors, relying on virtual entertainment. Urban planners Lila Chen and Ryan Moore are deeply troubled by such issues. In their newly released book Green Living: Reclaim Our Cities’ Natural Spaces, they call for a fundamental rethinking of urban design and the role greenery should play in our daily lives. The landscape of urban living began to shift decades ago. Vast areas of natural vegetation were cleared to make room for sprawling concrete structures and commercial centers, forcing residents to seek nature in distant suburbs. Some grassroots groups fought back. Most notably, a community organizer from Seattle, who relocated to the city in the early 2000s, launched a movement to save a local wetlands area from being converted into a shopping mall. Emily Clark appealed to the city council to “Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life coexist harmoniously, not just a place of concrete and commerce.” Similar initiatives took place in other major cities across the country in the 2010s. Although these initiatives gained public attention, the harsh reality is that the majority of modern cities remain focusing on urban development at the expense of green spaces. The coverage of natural areas in cities has been shrinking steadily. In California, for instance, the ratio of urban green spaces to total city area has dropped to a record low, even as the state promotes environmental protection campaigns. We invest substantial resources in building urban infrastructure that prioritizes speed and efficiency, yet we neglect to consider the true value of green spaces. Do we fully comprehend the social and psychological costs when citizens lack easy access to natural environments for mental rejuvenation? The authors of Green Living are spot-on: it’s high time we re-evaluate the urban landscapes right outside our homes. 1.What can we know from the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Urban commuting has become overly dependent on technology. B. Residents in densely populated areas have limited access to jobs. C. The decline of urban green spaces results in lifestyle changes. D. Virtual entertainment is replacing outdoor activities completely. 2.Why did the Seattle community organizer launch the campaign? A. Relocate residents to distant suburbs with more greenery. B. Expand commercial development and concrete structures. C. Promote the construction of more shopping malls in wetlands. D. Protect city natural spaces for a balanced lifestyle. 3.What can be inferred about the protection campaigns in California? A. They were actually ineffective in protecting urban green spaces. B. They resulted in the closure of all commercial construction projects. C. They have successfully increased the ratio of urban green spaces. D. They finally led to a surge in environmental protection donations. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Tech Advance: A Double-edged Sword? B. Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature? C. Green Spaces: A luxury or Necessity? D. Community Activism: A Lost Cause? 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The last known eggs of the Great Bustard (鸨) were taken in 1832, and the bird was nearly extinct by the end of the 19th century, a victim of hunters. In 2004, the endangered species was reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining population here. The Great Bustard Group (GBG), the charity behind the release, was set up in 1997 and it has now been 16 years since the initial 10-year trial began. Long-term volunteers Fred and Rona Andrews have been involved from the start and, working as part of a team, have helped raise over 200 chicks from eggs sourced abroad. “For the first week the chick needs to have food placed in its bill, so we use a feeding puppet to imitate the behavior of the parent,” explains Fred. “It is quite hard when the bustards are young because they need feeding every hour and it takes a long time to feed one.” Great Bustards reach maturity at about five years old. “Seeing the first wild bred chick out on Salisbury Plain in 2009, shortly after it hatched, was a proud moment for me,” says Rona. On average, 12 chicks are released each year on to Salisbury Plain and in 2018 the survival rate was 100 percent. “The aim has been to reach a population of 100 birds,” says GBG executive officer David Waters. “Now we have that number, and we are hoping the population will continue to grow by natural reproduction.” “Being involved with the world’s heaviest bird alive today that can fly has given us both a greater knowledge of birds, conservation and farming,” states Rona. “We are contributing to an important conservation project that also benefits other species.” 1.Why did the GBG reintroduce Great Bustards to Salisbury Plain? A. To test their chance of survival. B. To increase species diversity there. C. To help save the threatened species. D. To help the local bustards raise chicks. 2.What does Fred say about feeding the young bustards? A. It is dangerous. B. It is demanding. C. It is interesting. D. It is fairly costly. 3.What does David Water expect of Great Bustards? A. They will survive on their own. B. They will reach a population of 100. C. They will hatch 12 chicks each year. D. They will live in peace with other species. 4.What is Rona’s attitudes towards the project? A. Critical. B. Conservative. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）It is well known that learning a musical instrument benefits the brain, enhancing fine motor skills and memory. But can this training also change how musicians experience pain? Pain triggers vital reactions in our bodies and brains, like pulling a hand from a hot pan. However, prolonged pain can be detrimental. If an injury causes the brain to send persistent “don't move” signals, it can disorganize the brain's “body map” — the area that controls movement — leading to increased long-term suffering and reduced mobility. Yet, individuals experience pain differently. Some people can better handle pain. To understand why, a study investigated whether musical training, with its intense practice of fine motor skills, could influence pain response. The study compared young, healthy musicians and non-musicians. To safely copy temporary muscle pain, researchers injected (注射) a harmless substance into a hand muscle, causing aching for several days, especially during movement. They mapped each participant’s brain representation of the hand before the injection, then again two and eight days later, to observe any changes caused by pain. The results revealed a clear distinction. Even before the pain, the musicians’ brain hand maps were more detailed and refined than those of non-musicians. After the pain was induced (引起) , the musicians reported feeling less overall discomfort. Crucially, while the non-musicians’ brain maps shrank (萎缩) significantly after two days of pain, the musicians’ maps remained stable and unchanged. Furthermore, a direct connection was found: the more hours a musician had spent practising, the less pain they felt. Although this was a small study of 40 people, it clearly showed that musicians’ brains respond differently to pain. Their long-term training appears to provide a buffer (缓冲) against pain’s typical negative effects, both in their subjective experience and in their brain’s motor control areas. This does not suggest music is a cure for chronic pain. However, it demonstrates that long-term, skilled training can fundamentally shape our insight of pain. These findings help explain why pain resilience varies between individuals and could inform new strategies for pain management. 1.What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Helpful. B. Harmful. C. Bearable. D. Curable. 2.How did the researchers conduct the experiment? A. By recording musicians’ daily practice intensity. B. By testing musicians’ pain tolerance in training. C. By collecting daily pain data from participants. D. By comparing participants’ brain responses to pain. 3.What was concluded about musicians’ brain hand maps after the experiment? A. They shrank to a large extent. B. They showed insignificant changes. C. They weren’t linked to musical training. D. They matched non-musicians’ post-pain. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the result of the study? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校联考·期中）In recent years, a new type of energy-storing device called the “supercapacitor” has been attracting more and more attention. Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries. For example, a traditional battery may take several hours to fully charge, while a supercapacitor can be charged in a matter of seconds or minutes. Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan. They can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation in performance. This makes them very suitable for applications where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking. This energy can then be reused to power the vehicle, improving the vehicle’s energy efficiency. In renewable energy systems like wind and solar power, supercapacitors can store the excess energy generated during peak production times and release it when the energy production is low. However, supercapacitors also have some limitations. Their energy density is currently lower than that of traditional batteries, which means they can’t store as much energy per unit volume. But scientists are constantly researching and developing new materials and technologies to improve the energy density of supercapacitors. 1.How is a supercapacitor different from a traditional battery? A. It is more expensive. B. It can charge and discharge faster. C. It is heavier. D. It has a lower power output. 2.The underlined word “degradation” in the second paragraph probably means “______”. A. improvement B. change C. increase D. decline 3.In which field can supercapacitors be used to store braking-generated energy? A. In the field of home appliances. B. In the field of communication. C. In the field of electric vehicles. D. In the field of aerospace. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitors. B. The comparison between supercapacitors and traditional batteries. C. The applications of supercapacitors in electric vehicles. D. The research and development of supercapacitors. 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Planting trees is good for the environment. It’s a popular way to remove carbon (碳) from the air. But a new study shows that this method alone cannot offset all the planet-warming pollution, known as the emission (排放) of greenhouse gas, created by the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies. To do that, we would need to plant so many trees that they would cover all of North and Central America. The researchers found that trees cannot absorb carbon as fast as these 200 large oil, gas, and coal companies produce it. There simply isn’t enough land on Earth for all the trees we would need. Also, if these companies had to pay for planting all those trees, it would cost $ 10.8 trillion. That’s more money than all these big companies are actually worth combined. “People might think planting trees is a magic solution, but it’s not,” said Nina Friggens, one of the researchers. Many companies, including fossil fuel businesses, pay for tree-planting programs to cancel out their pollution. Trees are a cheap way to do this because they naturally absorb carbon. For the study, the researchers looked at the 200 companies that own the most fossil fuels underground (like oil and coal they plan to use in the future). They calculated how much CO2 would be released if all these fuels were burned. Another scientist, Jonathan Foley, explained the results simply. He said, “Planting trees is like using a sponge (海绵) to clean up a big water spill. But if we keep spilling more and more water, the sponge won’t be able to keep up. First, we need to turn off the tap.” 1.What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Pick. B. Balance. C. Set. D. Switch. 2.Why does the author mention North and Central America? A. To suggest more trees should be planted in this region. B. To compare forest coverage in different continents. C. To explain where the fossil fuel companies are located. D. To show planting trees to cancel out carbon emissions is impossible. 3.What is the main reason why trees are used in cancelling out carbon? A. They are a low-cost natural solution. B. They are required by government policies. C. They are the only known method available. D. They can completely solve pollution problems. 4.What do Foley’s words mean? A. The tap should be fixed first. B. Water spills are difficult to clean down C. The source of pollution should be cut off. D. Better sponges are needed to absorb water spills. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）For a species mainly dependent on plants for food, we give plants curiously little respect. Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings. Curiosity drives Schlanger’s narrative, who believes plant biology is a “case study” of a scientific revolution in progress. Do plants sense a wound? We feel her excitement and hesitation as she uses a tool to press a cress leaf. The plant has been genetically modified (修改) so that its cells shine gently when electrical charges pass through them. Pressed, the leaf immediately lights up. A wave of electrical activity moves until the entire plant is filled with information about the damaged leaf within seconds. Through Schlanger’s vivid description, I now understand these plants as living beings that respond to danger instantly. I am, as Schlanger writes of her own changed perspective, “regaining connection with the natural world.” Schlanger’s visits to field sites and labs leave no doubt that, conscious or not, plants sense their surroundings and make well- informed decisions. Leaves pick up the sounds of chewing caterpillars and take appropriate chemical defenses. Flowers sweeten their nectar when they sense pollinators like bees flying by. Plants seem to use memory to adjust their growth and even minute-by-minute presentation of pollen. Reading about her pursuit of plant wonder, I felt an ever-increasing sense of admiration and affection for plants. Understanding plants' intelligence reframes our everyday experience of eating plants or seeing them growing out of a crack. In an age when we often feel distant from a living world in crisis, it is good to be reminded that other species have initiatives (主动性), flexible to handle tricky situations. Having thrived on Earth for half a billion years, plants have not only intelligence but wisdom about how to flourish in the face of change. 1.What is a feature of The Light Eaters according to the text? A. It focuses on threats to plants. B. It is targeted at plant biologists. C. It is packed with scientific terms. D. It helps us relate to the natural world. 2.How does the genetically modified cress leaf react in the experiment? A. It sends out special chemicals immediately. B. The composition of its cells changes slightly. C. The shape of the leaf is damaged completely. D. The cells of the leaf give out faint light instantly. 3.What can we learn from the examples given in paragraph 3? A. Plants act accordingly on the environment. B. Leaves defend against enemies passively. C. Flowers release chemicals for self-protection. D. Plants keep a steady growth rate for survival. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To share an experience. B. To recommend a book. C. To present an experiment. D. To prove an assumption. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 2 113 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A Passage 4 【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.C Passage 5 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A Passage 6 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.A 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.D 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C 拓展培优) 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境03人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.B 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市水城区·期中）Wu Mingzhu, a female melon breeding expert and founder of Xinjiang melon quality improvement, was born on January 3, 1930, in Wuhan, Hubei. As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding. After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College’s Horticulture Department in 1953, Wu worked at Chongqing’s Southwest Agricultural and Forestry Bureau. She then served in the Southwest Office of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1954 to 1955. Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward, holding roles like secretary of the Rural Work Department, agricultural technology station director, and agricultural school vice principal. From 1975 to 1985, she took leading positions including Turpan Prefecture Science and Technology Commission director and CPC Turpan Prefectural Committee member. In 1985, she resigned from leadership to focus on research at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Horticultural Crops Institute. Her efforts earned her election as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999. In 2005, she became Honorary Director of Shanghai Jiading’s Hami Melon Research Department. Wu pioneered the collection of Xinjiang’s local melon resources, saving endangered varieties. She also established an innovative technical system for melon breeding and soilless culture. 1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The history of Xinjiang’s melon industry. B. The development of Hami Melon Research Center. C. The job of the Chinese Academy of Engineering members. D. The basic information of melon expert Wu Mingzhu. 2.When did Wu Mingzhu volunteer to work in Turpan? A. 1956. B. 1954. C. 1953. D. 1975. 3.What did Wu become after resigning in 1985? A. Deputy director of a Science Commission. B. Researcher at Xinjiang’s Horticultural Institute. C. Vice principal of Turpan Agricultural School. D. Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. 4.Which of the following words best describes Wu Mingzhu? A. Patient. B. Curious. C. Devoted. D. Humorous. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了甜瓜育种专家吴明珠的生平履历、工作经历及在甜瓜研究领域的贡献。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Wu Mingzhu, a female melon breeding expert and founder of Xinjiang melon quality improvement, was born on January 3, 1930, in Wuhan, Hubei. As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding.(吴明珠，女，甜瓜育种专家，新疆甜瓜品质改良创始人，1930年1月3日生于湖北武汉。作为一名敬业的科学家，她是中国工程院院士、新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心研究员，毕生致力于甜瓜育种工作)”可知，第一段主要介绍了甜瓜专家吴明珠的基本信息，包括身份、出生日期、任职单位及毕生事业。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She then served in the Southwest Office of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1954 to 1955. Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward,(1954年至1955年，她在中共中央农村工作部西南办事处任职。之后，为推动偏远地区农业发展，她主动请缨到新疆吐鲁番地区工作)”可知，吴明珠1954-1955年在中共中央农村工作部西南办事处任职，之后的1956年主动请缨去吐鲁番工作。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1985, she resigned from leadership to focus on research at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Horticultural Crops Institute.(1985年，她辞去领导职务，专注于新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所的研究工作)”可知，吴明珠1985年辞职后，成为新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所的研究员。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding.(作为一名敬业的科学家，她是中国工程院院士、新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心研究员，毕生致力于甜瓜育种工作)”、第二段中的“Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward,(之后，为推动偏远地区农业发展，她主动请缨到新疆吐鲁番地区工作)”以及第四段中的“Wu pioneered the collection of Xinjiang’s local melon resources, saving endangered varieties. She also established an innovative technical system for melon breeding and soilless culture.(吴明珠率先开展新疆地方甜瓜资源收集工作，挽救了濒危品种。她还建立了甜瓜育种与无土栽培创新技术体系)”可知，吴明珠毕生奉献于甜瓜育种事业，主动到偏远地区工作，为行业作出巨大贡献，“Devoted”（敬业的、忠诚的）最能形容她。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市纽绅中学·期中）Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago. Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi” who blow whistles to a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chosen for his leadership skills, the head tamer is the one who decides when each of the acts is played and gives the signs. The “bears” dance to the beat set by the flutes and the drums. Wearing the special costumes (戏服) requires strength and confidence, with the heaviest of costumes weighing up to 50 kilos. When the person wearing the costume is standing up straight, the “bear” looks up. During the dance, the wearer must move forward and shake his or her body to the left and to the right while taking small steps either to the front or to the side. The Bear Dance symbolizes the death and rebirth of time. Performed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient celebration brings together the whole community, who gather to watch the performance. The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year. By tradition, the group of the Bear Dance, which includes 6 to 24 “bears” would visit every family of the village, accompanied by up to three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing women’s clothes and drummers. While this tradition is still observed in many villages, in cities and towns it usually takes the form of a parade that ends with a major performance. 1.What do we know about the Bear Dance? A. It is specially performed by bears. B. It is better celebrated in cities. C. It is a tradition with a long history. D. It is a daily sport in Romania. 2.How does the Bear Dance begin? A. Several characters beat drums. B. The bear tamer dances to a rhythm. C. Some performers played the flutes. D. A group of members blow whistles. 3.Why do the locals hold the Bear Dance every year? A. To welcome the arrival of the new year. B. To celebrate the positive part of life. C. To call on people to protect wild animals. D. To provide themselves with a way to have fun. 4.Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A. Nature. B. Culture. C. Business. D. Environment. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，熊舞是一个有着悠久历史的传统。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi” who blow whistles to a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师).(传统上，“熊”的到来是由一小群“伊罗齐人”宣布的，他们会根据驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨。)”可推知，熊舞是以一群人按照驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨开始。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据五段中“The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year.(参加“熊舞”的有各个年龄层的男人，也有越来越多的女人，他们穿着真正的熊皮，随着笛子和鼓的节奏跳舞，以驱除邪恶的灵魂，迎接新的一年。)”可知，当地人每年都要举行熊舞，迎接新的一年。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。由此可推知，文本可能取自杂志的文化部分。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·贵州毕节市威宁六校联考·期中）What Could the School of 2050 Look Like? Thanks to technology-driven advances in education, the school of 2050 may look different in many ways. For example, on entering the classroom, biometric scanning (生物识别扫描) will allow students to check in. Teachers will be able to gather attendance data automatically. For the school of the future, there will be no need to deal with heavy curtains or dust-covered blinds; we’ll have smart glass. Windows can automatically adjust their colors, protecting both our eyes and screens. By 2050, 3D printers will have become a standard appliance, both in the home and at school. As a learning aid, they’ll have become crucial, allowing teachers more flexibility to explain difficult concepts. Adaptive learning systems driven by artificial intelligence (AI) will have become integrated into the school environment by 2050. Personalized learning experiences will take into account learning styles and create adaptive assessments that adjust in real time based on performance. AI may also be used to analyze pupils’ work, even so far as predicting future performance, helping teachers understand which students need more guidance on a particular concept before they fall behind. Students will be able to get immediate feedback (反馈), with suggested areas for improvement and more personalized tutoring (辅导) based on their strengths and weaknesses. And homework assignments will mostly be online. From downloading the assignment at the end of the lesson to submitting it remotely, students will be able to view their coursework, see the percentage completed, and track general assessments. Gone will be the days of carrying heavy textbooks, and hurriedly putting them into lockers after lessons. Students of the future can look forward to having recommended reading materials right at their fingertips via e-readers and tablet devices which can be operated through virtual reality. As a result, dependence on paper products will be reduced. Though paper won’t disappear completely, it’ll be eco-friendly, either recycled or made from fast-growing plants like bamboo. 1.How will students in 2050 check in? A. By biometric scanning. B. With check-in sheets. C. With a teacher’s headcount. D. By messaging the teacher. 2.What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about? A. AI’s impact on reducing school operational costs. B. The role of AI in personalizing student learning paths. C. The use of virtual reality in enhancing physical education. D. The benefits of adaptive learning systems for student safety. 3.What can we learn about the future textbooks? A. They only use bamboo paper. B. They will remain paper-based. C. Digital ones may replace them. D. All the students in the class only need one. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To criticize traditional teaching methods. B. To tell readers what future schools will be like. C. To promote the use of technology in education. D. To highlight the challenges faced by students. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章展望2050年的学校，涉及生物识别签到、3D打印、AI自适应学习系统及电子教材等技术应用，描绘未来学校模样。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“For example, on entering the classroom, biometric scanning (生物识别扫描) will allow students to check in.(例如，进入教室时，生物识别扫描将允许学生签到)”可知，学生将通过生物识别扫描签到。故选A。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Adaptive learning systems driven by artificial intelligence (AI) will have become integrated into the school environment by 2050. Personalized learning experiences will take into account learning styles and create adaptive assessments that adjust in real time based on performance. AI may also be used to analyze pupils’ work, even so far as predicting future performance, helping teachers understand which students need more guidance on a particular concept before they fall behind.(到2050年，由人工智能驱动的自适应学习系统将已完全融入学校环境之中。个性化的学习体验会考虑到学习风格，并创建能够实时根据表现进行调整的自适应评估。人工智能还可能用于分析学生的作业，甚至能够预测未来的表现，帮助教师了解哪些学生在特定概念上需要更多的指导，从而避免他们落后)”以及第四段“Students will be able to get immediate feedback (反馈), with suggested areas for improvement and more personalized tutoring (辅导) based on their strengths and weaknesses. And homework assignments will mostly be online. From downloading the assignment at the end of the lesson to submitting it remotely, students will be able to view their coursework, see the percentage completed, and track general assessments.(学生们将能够立即获得反馈，包括针对需要改进之处的建议以及基于其优势和劣势提供更个性化的辅导。而且作业大多会在线完成。从课后下载作业到远程提交，学生们能够查看自己的课程内容、查看已完成的百分比以及跟踪总体评估情况)”可知，两段均围绕AI在个性化学习路径中的作用展开。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“Gone will be the days of carrying heavy textbooks, and hurriedly putting them into lockers after lessons. Students of the future can look forward to having recommended reading materials right at their fingertips via e-readers and tablet devices which can be operated through virtual reality.(那些背着沉重课本、课后匆忙将其放入储物柜的日子将一去不复返了。未来的学生们可以期待通过电子阅读器和平板设备轻松获取推荐阅读材料，这些设备可以通过虚拟现实技术进行操作)”可推知，在未来，数字设备可能取代纸质教科书。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据标题“What Could the School of 2050 Look Like?(2050年的学校会是什么样子？)”以及第一段“Thanks to technology-driven advances in education, the school of 2050 may look different in many ways.(由于科技在教育领域的推动性发展，2050年的学校在许多方面可能会与现在大不相同)”可知，文章展望2050年的学校，涉及生物识别签到、3D打印、AI自适应学习系统及电子教材等技术应用，描绘未来学校模样，由此可知，作者的目的是“告知读者未来学校的样子”。故选B。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·贵州贵阳市南湖实验中学·期中）Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin (普通话), some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago. This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos. Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local cultures. Language faithfully shows the history, the beliefs and the biases (偏见) of an area, he said. Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialects, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said. So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers. The project is now entering into its second part. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects. 1.What is the purpose of the project? A. To teach people Mandarin. B. To protect dialects. C. To develop people’s speaking skills. D. To show ways of talking. 2.How many audio clips are collected in this project? A. 103. B. 1,712. C. 5 million. D. Over 5.6 million. 3.What is the situation of Wu dialect according to Zhang Hongming? A. It is in danger of disappearance. B. It is widely spoken in Suzhou. C. It has more than 6,000 dialect speakers. D. It is taught in more than 350 universities. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. China online language resource library. B. Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. C. The Chinese Language Resources Protection Project. D. Zhang Hongming, a scholar of Chinese dialect protection. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府发起了中国语言言资源保护工程，旨在拯救濒临消失的方言。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“While many Chinese people speak Mandarin (普通话), some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago.(虽然许多中国人说普通话，但一些地方方言正面临消失的危险。为了拯救它们，中国政府在几年前启动了汉语资源保护工程)”可知，这项工程的目的是保护方言。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos.( 有一个在线图书馆，人们可以从560多万音频片段和500多万视频中学习方言)”可知，这个项目收集了560多万音频片段，故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialects, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said.(学者张洪明谈到了他对方言消失的担忧，“大约十多年来，在上海和苏州等吴方言地区，6至15岁的孩子能听懂但几乎不会说这种方言。同时，15岁以上的年轻人有时会说它，但说的不是很好。如果这种情况持续下去，这种方言可能会消失，”他说)”可推断，吴认为吴方言处于消失的危险中。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago.(为了拯救它们，中国政府在几年前启动了汉语资源保护工程)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了中国政府发起的目的是拯救濒临消失的方言的中国语言言资源保护工程。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵阳市观山湖区第一高级中学·期中）Modern lives often make people overeat. This usually happens during holidays, or when they’re stressed, like while preparing for exams. A study by Dr. Stephanic Kullmann’s team at the University of Tübingen, Germany, shows that even five days of overeating can cause big and lasting changes in brains of healthy young men. The experiment had 29 male volunteers aged 19-27 with normal body weight. Volunteers were divided into two groups. The experimental group added 1,500 extra calories every day like chocolate bars and potato chips for five days, while the control group kept their normal diet. Researchers used whole-brain MRI to examine the brain insulin (胰岛素) activity. They also did blood tests and measured liver fat to check metabolic (代谢的) changes. The results showed after only five days of over eating, volunteers developed more liver fat and showed changed insulin sensitivity in brain regions related to reward processing. In psychological tests, they became less sensitive to reward and more sensitive to punishment. Surprisingly, these changes happened without any big weight gain. This means that the brain reacts to what we eat before we see any physical changes. Dr. Kullmann said, “The speed of these neurological (神经系统的) changes surprised us — they are detectable before any visible weight changes.” Perhaps the more worrying was the long-term effects. One week after volunteers returned to their normal diets, memory-related areas of the brain showed lower insulin sensitivity. The brain’s white matter, which helps the nerves talk to each other well, also showed changes. It appeared like those in fat people; raising important questions about how short-term overeating could lead to long-term health problems. The study’s findings go against what we usually think about occasional overeating. It brought no big changes in weight but in brain, which might make it harder for people to eat healthily in the future. The reward system might create a vicious cycle where unhealthy foods become more attractive while healthy choices seem less rewarding. As Dr. Kullmann concludes, “Our brains are more sensitive to dietary changes than we realized— what we eat today may influence how we think and choose tomorrow.” 1.What did the researchers do in the experiment? A. Grouping the volunteers by the body weight. B. Increasing the participants’ daily caloric intake. C. Examining the participants’ physical changes. D. Recording the frequency of the brain activity. 2.What happened to the volunteers after five days of overeating? A. They had an increase in fat. B. They were more interested in reward. C. They gained significant weight. D. They showed changed reward processing. 3.What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The brain’s white matter controls neural communication. B. Short-term overeating has harmful long-term health effects. C. Memory-related areas of the brain is less sensitive. D. Fat people have similar brain changes. 4.What does the study suggest about occasional overeating? A. It determines our future eating habits. B. It may cause a bad cycle of food choice. C. It is harmless as there is no weight gain. D. It affects the brain temporarily. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。德国一项研究显示，健康年轻男性即便五天暴饮暴食（无明显增重），大脑也会出现持久变化，还可能引发长期健康问题，且会影响未来饮食选择。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The experiment had 29 male volunteers aged 19-27 with normal body weight. Volunteers were divided into two groups. The experimental group added 1,500 extra calories every day like chocolate bars and potato chips for five days, while the control group kept their normal diet. Researchers used whole-brain MRI to examine the brain insulin (胰岛素) activity. They also did blood tests and measured liver fat to check metabolic (代谢的) changes.(该实验共有29名年龄在19至27岁之间、体重正常的男性志愿者参与。这些志愿者被分为两组。实验组每天额外摄入1500卡路里，比如巧克力棒和薯片，持续五天；而对照组则保持正常饮食。研究人员使用全脑磁共振成像来检测大脑中的胰岛素活动。他们还进行了血液检测，并测量肝脏脂肪含量以检查代谢变化)”可知，研究人员在实验中观察参与者的身体变化。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The results showed after only five days of over eating, volunteers developed more liver fat and showed changed insulin sensitivity in brain regions related to reward processing. In psychological tests, they became less sensitive to reward and more sensitive to punishment.(研究结果表明，仅仅在五天的暴饮暴食之后，志愿者们的肝脏脂肪含量就增加了，并且在与奖赏处理相关的脑区中，其胰岛素敏感性发生了变化。在心理测试中，他们对奖赏的敏感度降低了，而对惩罚的敏感度则提高了)”可知，在连续五天的大吃大喝之后，这些志愿者的奖赏处理机制发生了变化。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Perhaps the more worrying was the long-term effects. One week after volunteers returned to their normal diets, memory-related areas of the brain showed lower insulin sensitivity. The brain’s white matter, which helps the nerves talk to each other well, also showed changes. It appeared like those in fat people; raising important questions about how short-term overeating could lead to long-term health problems.(或许更令人担忧的是其长期影响。在志愿者恢复正常饮食一周后，大脑中与记忆相关的区域显示出胰岛素敏感度降低的现象。大脑的白质（有助于神经元之间良好交流的物质）也出现了变化。其状况看起来与肥胖者相似；这引发了关于短期过度进食如何导致长期健康问题的重要疑问)”可知，第 4 段的主要观点是短期内暴饮暴食会对长期健康产生不良影响。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The study’s findings go against what we usually think about occasional overeating. It brought no big changes in weight but in brain, which might make it harder for people to eat healthily in the future. The reward system might create a vicious cycle where unhealthy foods become more attractive while healthy choices seem less rewarding.(该研究的结果与我们通常对偶尔暴饮暴食的看法相悖。它并未显著改变体重，却改变了大脑的状况，这可能会使人们在未来更难保持健康饮食。奖励机制可能会形成一种恶性循环：不健康的食物会变得更具吸引力，而健康的选择则显得吸引力不足)”可知，偶尔的暴饮暴食可能会导致不良的饮食选择循环。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·贵阳市观山湖区第一高级中学·期中）Scientists from the University of Florida (UF) have recently reported on the world’s largest nesting site for freshwater turtles (海龟). Giant South American River Turtles are large turtles that live in rivers in South America. They get their name from the size of the adults, which can weigh over 135 pounds. These turtles are imperiled since they have to face people engaged in unlawful hunting of them for the sale of their meat and eggs, and the loss of their habitats. In July and August each year, female turtles gather in large numbers to nest in the sandbanks of the Guaporé River. Scientists use drones (无人机) to count turtles by taking pictures from above, which are combined into a large, detailed image called orthomosaic. Counting the animals shown in an orthomosaic disturbs the animals less than having researchers walk through the area. However, the turtles often move around, so some may be counted more than once. Scientists marked 1,187 gathering turtles, did 4 daily full-coverage drone surveys (1,500 images each) for 12 days. Studying the marked turtles revealed 20% of walking turtles repeated in images. Then they built a mathematical model based on the new orthomosaic analysis to accurately estimate the sandbank’s turtle population. Ground observers counted roughly 16,000 turtles. Orthomosaic reviewers (not accounting for animal movement or markings) counted about 79,000. With the new statistical models applied, the site’s turtle population was estimated at around 41,000. “These numbers vary greatly — a problem for conservationists,” UF researcher Ismael Brack said. “If scientists are unable to establish a precise count of individuals of a species, how will they know if the population is in decline or the protection works?” The team plans to spend more to perfect their monitoring methods by conducting more drone flights. They detail ways to adapt and apply this technique to conservation efforts with other species that are monitored and surveyed using drone-obtained orthomosaics. “By combining information from multiple surveys, we can detect population trends, and we’ll know where to invest in conservation actions,” Brack said. 1.What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Threatened. B. Appreciated. C. Blamed. D. Identified. 2.What is the disadvantage of the previous orthomosaic? A. It produced unclear images. B. It caused a double count. C. It required too much time. D. It disturbed the turtles greatly. 3.What does Brack emphasize in paragraph 4? A. The importance of accurate figures. B. The problem caused by varied data. C. The failure of protection efforts. D. The equipment needed for observers. 4.What do the scientists think of their mathematical model? A. It’s quite trendy. B. It’s easy to operate. C. It’s too expensive. D. It’s worth promoting. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。佛罗里达大学的科学家最近报告了世界上最大的淡水龟筑巢地。科学家使用无人机拍摄照片，并合成详细的正射影像来计数。然而，这种方法存在重复计数的问题。通过改进方法，建立数学模型，现在科学家能够准确地估计龟种群的数量。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“since they have to face people engaged in unlawful hunting of them for the sale of their meat and eggs, and the loss of their habitats(因为它们不得不面对那些非法捕猎它们（以获取其肉和蛋）的人，以及它们栖息地的丧失)”可知，这些龟面临非法捕猎和栖息地丧失的问题，因此，它们受威胁。故画线词意思是“受到威胁的”。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, the turtles often move around, so some may be counted more than once.(然而，这些龟经常四处游动，所以有些可能会被多次计数到)”以及第四段“Orthomosaic reviewers (not accounting for animal movement or markings) counted about 79,000. With the new statistical models applied, the site’s turtle population was estimated at around 41,000.(正射影像审查人员（未考虑动物的移动或标记情况）统计的数量约为79000只。而采用新的统计模型后，该区域的龟数量估计约为41000只)”可知，之前的正射影像存在重复计数的缺点。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“If scientists are unable to establish a precise count of individuals of a species, how will they know if the population is in decline or the protection works?(如果科学家无法准确统计出某一物种的具体数量，那他们又如何能判断该物种的种群数量是否在减少，或者保护措施是否有效呢？)”可知，Brack强调了准确数字的重要性，因为只有准确的数字才能帮助科学家了解种群是否在减少或保护措施是否有效。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“They detail ways to adapt and apply this technique to conservation efforts with other species that are monitored and surveyed using drone-obtained orthomosaics.(他们详细介绍了如何运用这一技术，并将其应用于针对其他受监测和调查的物种的保护工作中，这些工作的数据来源是通过无人机获取的正射影像图)”可推知，科学家们认为他们的数学模型值得推广，因为它可以应用于其他物种的保护工作。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Construction robots are not new. They have been doing difficult jobs on building sites for some time. Now, there is a new robot named Charlotte. It is said that this robot can build a 2,150-square-foot house all by itself in just one day. It works as fast as about 100 human workers. Charlotte was created by two Australian companies. One company developed a special, environmentally friendly building material. This material is made from sand, waste glass, and broken bricks found locally. The other company built the robot. Traditional building needs a lot of steps, like fixing steel bars (钢筋) and setting up wooden frames (框架). But Charlotte is different. It uses a special system to 3D print the building material, layer (层) by layer. It can even move and lift itself up using its “spider legs”. All this is done by one machine in a single, continuous process. The robot is still being developed. It will probably take a few years before it builds its first real house. A smaller early model was shown at a recent exhibition. The companies have big dreams for Charlotte. They hope it will not only build houses on Earth in the future but also help build bases for research on the Moon. They say its design, which copies ideas from nature, and its ability to work alone make it perfect for the Moon. While Charlotte seems best for simple building styles right now, its main goal is to help with two big problems: not enough workers and slow building progress. These problems make it hard to solve the housing shortage in many countries. The houses it builds can keep out floods and resist fire. The building process is much faster and cheaper than traditional methods. If the materials are taken from nearby places, it can also be better for the environment by reducing carbon emissions. Of course, this robot builder won’t be the right solution for every place, climate, or what every person likes, But for the millions of people who need a home, it sounds like a very hopeful way to help solve part of the problem. 1.Which aspect of Charlotte is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Its amazing work efficiency. B. Its widespread application. C. Its environmental quality. D. Its convenient operation. 2.How is Charlotte’s building process different from traditional methods? A. It needs more time. B. It requires more workers. C. It focuses on wooden structures. D. It uses a single continuous process. 3.What future application do the companies expect of Charlotte? A. Repairing historical buildings. B. Developing new building materials. C. Building research bases on the Moon. D. Creating artistic statues for famous people. 4.What is the author’s attitude to the robot builder? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful D. Uncaring. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍新型建筑机器人Charlotte，其高效的建筑能力，研发背景、独特的建筑流程，还提及目前的研发进展与未来应用愿景，最后分析其在解决劳动力不足、建筑进度慢等问题上的优势及局限性。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is said that this robot can build a 2,150-square-foot house all by itself in just one day. It works as fast as about 100 human workers.(据说这个机器人仅用一天时间就能独自建造一座2150平方英尺的房子。它的工作速度相当于大约100名人类工人。)”可知，第一段重点提及了Charlotte惊人的工作效率。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Traditional building needs a lot of steps, like fixing steel bars (钢筋) and setting up wooden frames (框架). But Charlotte is different. It uses a special system to 3D print the building material, layer (层) by layer. It can even move and lift itself up using its “spider legs”. All this is done by one machine in a single, continuous process.(传统建筑需要很多步骤，比如固定钢筋和搭建木框架。但Charlotte不同。它使用一种特殊系统将建筑材料逐层3D打印出来。它甚至可以用“蜘蛛腿”移动和提升自己。所有这些都由一台机器在一个单一的、连续的过程中完成。)”可知，Charlotte的建筑流程与传统方法的不同之处在于它采用单一的连续流程。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“They hope it will not only build houses on Earth in the future but also help build bases for research on the Moon.(他们希望未来它不仅能在地球上建造房屋，还能帮助在月球上建造研究基地。)”可知，研发公司期望Charlotte未来能在月球上建造研究基地。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段对Charlotte优势的阐述，如解决劳动力不足和建筑进度慢的问题、建造的房屋能防洪防火、建筑过程更快更便宜且更环保，以及最后一段“ But for the millions of people who need a home, it sounds like a very hopeful way to help solve part of the problem.(但对于数百万需要住房的人来说，这似乎是帮助解决部分问题的一种非常有希望的方式。)”可知，作者对这款建筑机器人持积极态度。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市水城区·期中）The world’s population will reach 9.5 billion by 2050, and we need more land to grow food. However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels. What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming. A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities. These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown. Some tested technologies make vertical farms possible. Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients (no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors. Cities have good spaces for vertical farms, such as empty land, old buildings or rooftops. These farms can reuse city wastewater to water crops and burn plant waste to make electricity. Experts say no new technologies are needed to build good vertical farms. Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them? 1.What is a big problem for farming today? A. Enough land for farming. B. Little fresh water in farming. C. No population growth. D. No new usable farmland. 2.What can we infer about vertical farms? A. Vertical farms make more food go bad easily. B. Vertical farms need more fossil fuels to run. C. Vertical farms can cut down on farming pollution. D. Vertical farms take up more land than traditional farms. 3.What is the best title for the text? A. Vertical Farms:A Smart Solution for Future Farming. B. Population Growth:A Big Problem for Food Supply. C. Traditional Farming:Its High Costs and Wastes. D. New Irrigation Methods:Saving Water for Crops. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards vertical farms? A. Negative. B. Uncaring. C. Positive. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕全球人口增长带来的粮食需求压力及传统农业的弊端，提出“垂直农场”这一解决方案，并从优势、支撑技术、适用空间及生态价值等方面展开说明，核心旨在凸显垂直农场对未来农业的重要意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming.(更糟的是，已经没有新的可耕种的土地剩余了。)”可知，当今农业面临的重大问题是“没有可利用的新农田”。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels.(然而，如今的农业消耗了全球70%的淡水，用化学物质污染水源，并且需要大量的化石燃料。)”以及第五段“Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced.(垂直农场能让城市更具可持续性：使用资源而不浪费它们，并且保持自然平衡。)”可知，垂直农场用环保技术且回收城市废水灌溉，避免了化学污染，能减少农业污染。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities.(一个好的解决方案是垂直农场——在城市的高层建筑内室内种植作物。)”可知，文章核心是介绍垂直农场为未来农业提供解决方案，选项A“Vertical Farms:A Smart Solution for Future Farming.(垂直农场：未来农业的明智选择。)”符合题意。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet.(垂直农场能让城市更具可持续性：使用资源而不浪费它们，并且保持自然平衡。它们创造新的就业机会，提供新鲜的食物，并且对地球造成更少的危害。)”可知，作者是肯定与支持的积极态度。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水市水城区·期中）XPeng Motors, a Chinese new energy vehicle brand, held its seventh XPeng Technology Day event on November 5th, where it displayed its latest version of the IRON humanoid (人形机器人) robot. One of the highlights of the event was the robot walking onto the stage with smooth, almost cat-like movements that surprised those present. Videos taken during the live show later became popular on social media, making most viewers amazed by the robot’s lifelike walking style. Some even guessed that there was a real person walking inside the robot’s net-like outer cover. As the guesswork became increasingly widespread, He Xiaopeng, Chairman and CEO of XPeng Motors, posted a video of his team cutting open the robot’s arm to prove no one was hiding inside. “There are always people who don’t believe the world is changing so fast,” He said. “This morning, they made me film a continuous, uncut video to answer this question. I hope everyone can tell right from wrong and help us make things clear. ”In the video, XPeng Motors staff use scissors to cut open the white “skin” covering the robot’s left lower leg and the inner “muscle” fibers (纤维), showing the metal structure inside. The robot then walks off the stage to the loud cheers and applause of the crowd. “We hope this is the last time we have to prove that the IRON robot is truly itself. We hope that after tonight, more people will believe that a robot capable of walking like a cat was made by a Chinese company. ”He Xiaopeng wrote on his Weibo account. XPeng is not the first company to surprise people with its robot’s smooth movements. Earlier this year, Engine AI, a new Chinese robotics company, also showed a humanoid robot with surprisingly smooth movements. These changes not only show the fast development of China’s robotics industry but also reflect the country’s growing strength in key technologies like AI and accurate machines. As technological innovation speeds up, such “unbelievable” achievements are sure to become more common, expanding the limits of what humans and machines can achieve together. 1.What made the IRON humanoid robot a highlight of XPeng Technology Day? A. Its special outer net design. B. The video shared by He Xiaopeng. C. The secret of the “person” inside it. D. Its smooth cat-like walking style. 2.What is Xiaopeng’s purpose of posting the uncut video? A. To promote the new IRON robot to the public. B. To show nobody was hiding inside the robot. C. To show the robot’s advanced limb structure. D. To thank the team for working hard on the robot. 3.What can we infer from He Xiaopeng’s words on Weibo? A. The IRON robot still needs further improvement. B. He is tired of explaining the robot’s technology C. He is proud of the Chinese-made IRON robot. D. Chinese firms lead the global robotics industry. 4.What does the author want to convey through the last paragraph? A. China’s robotics industry has a promising future. B. Engine AI is a strong competitor of Xpeng Motors. C. Xpeng’s achievement in robotics is not unique. D. Technological innovation should be encouraged. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小鹏汽车在科技日上展示的IRON人形机器人凭借流畅步态引发关注，为回应外界对其真实性的质疑，董事长何小鹏发布视频证明机器人内部无人操作，体现了中国在机器人技术领域的快速发展。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the highlights of the event was the robot walking onto the stage with smooth, almost cat-like movements that surprised those present. (活动的一大亮点是该机器人以流畅、近乎猫一样的动作走上舞台，这让在场的众人感到惊讶。)”可知，IRON形机器人成为小鹏科技日的一大亮点，是因为它流畅的猫步式行走方式。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“As the guesswork became increasingly widespread, He Xiaopeng, Chairman and CEO of XPeng Motors, posted a video of his team cutting open the robot’s arm to prove no one was hiding inside. (随着这种猜测越来越普遍，小鹏汽车董事长兼首席执行官何小鹏发布了一段他的团队打开机器人手臂的视频，以证明里面没有人藏身。)”可知，小鹏发布未剪辑视频的目的是证明无人藏在机器人外壳内，终止无根据的猜测。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“We hope that after tonight, more people will believe that a robot capable of walking like a cat was made by a Chinese company. (我们希望在今晚之后，会有更多的人相信能够像猫一样行走的机器人是由一家中国公司制造的。)”可推断，何小鹏为这款中国制造的IRON机器人感到自豪。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These changes not only show the fast development of China’s robotics industry but also reflect the country’s growing strength in key technologies like AI and accurate machines. As technological innovation speeds up, such “unbelievable” achievements are sure to become more common, expanding the limits of what humans and machines can achieve together. (这些变化不仅展示了中国机器人产业的快速发展，也反映了中国在人工智能和精密机械等关键技术方面不断增强的实力。随着技术创新的加速，这样的“不可思议”的成就肯定会变得更加常见，从而拓展人类与机器共同能够实现的极限。)”可推断，作者认为中国的机器人产业前景光明。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·贵州贵阳市南湖实验中学·期中）In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, an alarming phenomenon is taking place. Deforestation, primarily driven by logging, agriculture, and urban expansion, is occurring at an astonishing rate. Every minute, approximately 200 football fields’ worth of rainforest is being cleared. To put this into perspective, the scale of deforestation each day is equivalent to the size of a small city. The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate. It absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. The destruction of this natural carbon sink means more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming. For instance, over the past decade, due to deforestation, the Amazon region has seen a significant increase in average temperatures, leading to more frequent and severe droughts. Moreover, the rainforest is home to an incredibly diverse range of plant and animal species. Many of these species are endemic, meaning they exist nowhere else on Earth. Deforestation not only destroys their habitats but also pushes countless species towards extinction. This loss of biodiversity has far-reaching ecological consequences, disrupting food chains and delicate ecosystems. Some insects that rely on specific plants for survival are disappearing, which in turn affects the birds and small mammals that feed on them. Thankfully, there are initiatives in place to combat deforestation. Some local communities are working with environmental organizations to promote sustainable forestry practices. They are actively monitoring logging activities to prevent illegal cutting. They’ve established checkpoints on forest access roads to ensure that only authorized logging operations take place. Additionally, schools in the region are incorporating environmental education into their curricula, raising awareness among the younger generation. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to limit deforestation and encourage countries to protect their forests. Large-scale reforestation projects have also been launched, with the goal of restoring vast areas of the damaged rainforest. Scientists are closely studying the unique plant species in the Amazon to develop more effective reforestation techniques. In conclusion, while the situation in the Amazon rainforest remains critical, these concerted efforts give hope for the future. The fight against deforestation requires the continuous cooperation of governments, communities, environmental groups, and individuals worldwide. 1.What is the main cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest? A. Logging, agriculture, and urban expansion. B. The need for more farmland to feed a growing population. C. The search for rare minerals in the rainforest. D. The construction of new roads for transportation. 2.What does the phrase “lungs of the Earth” imply about the Amazon rainforest? A. It is a place where people can go to breathe fresh air. B. It helps to purify the air by absorbing carbon dioxide. C. It is a large, natural space that resembles the shape of lungs. D. It is a vital part of the Earth’s respiratory system in a literal sense. 3.Which of the following is NOT a consequence of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest? A. An increase in the number of endemic species. B. Disruption of food chains and ecosystems. C. Acceleration of global warming. D. Destruction of habitats for many species. 4.Which of the following initiatives is mentioned to combat deforestation? A. Scientists developing new technologies to stop deforestation. B. Governments imposing high taxes on logging companies. C. Local communities monitoring logging activities. D. Tourists volunteering to plant trees in the rainforest. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了亚马逊雨林面临的严重砍伐问题，包括砍伐的原因、对环境和生物多样性的影响，以及当前为应对这一问题所采取的举措。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Deforestation, primarily driven by logging, agriculture, and urban expansion, is occurring at an astonishing rate.(森林砍伐主要由伐木、农业和城市扩张驱动，正以惊人的速度发生。)”可知，亚马逊雨林森林砍伐的主要原因是伐木、农业和城市扩张。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate. It absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change.(亚马逊雨林常被称为“地球之肺”，在调节全球气候方面起着至关重要的作用。它吸收了大量的二氧化碳，二氧化碳是一种导致气候变化的温室气体。)”可知，“地球之肺”这个短语对亚马逊雨林意味着它通过吸收二氧化碳来帮助净化空气。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The destruction of this natural carbon sink means more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming.(这一天然碳汇的破坏意味着更多的二氧化碳被释放到大气中，加速了全球变暖。)”可知，森林砍伐加速了全球变暖，故选项C是亚马逊雨林森林砍伐的后果；根据第三段“Many of these species are endemic, meaning they exist nowhere else on Earth. Deforestation not only destroys their habitats but also pushes countless species towards extinction. This loss of biodiversity has far-reaching ecological consequences, disrupting food chains and delicate ecosystems.(这些物种中有许多是特有物种，这意味着它们在地球上其他地方都不存在。森林砍伐不仅破坏了它们的栖息地，还使无数物种濒临灭绝。这种生物多样性的丧失具有深远的生态后果，破坏了食物链和脆弱的生态系统。)”可知，森林砍伐破坏了许多物种的栖息地，还破坏了食物链和生态系统，故选项B和选项D是亚马逊雨林森林砍伐的后果。同时，根据这句话可知，森林砍伐使得特有物种濒临灭绝，而不是使得特有物种数量增加，故选项A“特有物种数量的增加”不是亚马逊雨林森林砍伐的后果。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Some local communities are working with environmental organizations to promote sustainable forestry practices. They are actively monitoring logging activities to prevent illegal cutting.(一些当地社区正在与环境组织合作，推广可持续的林业实践。他们正在积极监测伐木活动，以防止非法砍伐。)”可知，文中提到了当地社区监督伐木活动这一应对森林砍伐的举措。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·贵州遵义市凤冈县·期中）The world has been changing very quickly since the introduction of generative (生成的) artificial intelligence (AI). Generative AI now helps write stories, create art and answer questions, and it can even copy people’s voices. It’s being used in schools, offices, music and movies. Even the Oscars (奥斯卡奖) are changing because of AI. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has updated (更新) its rules, saying films that use AI are now allowed to win awards. So even if a movie uses AI to help with writing, editing or voices, it can still win Hollywood’s biggest prize. The Academy explained that using AI will not help or hurt a film’s chances of getting nominated (被提名), although human creativity and input are still the things that matter most. “AI is just a tool,” said Academy president David Rubin. “What truly makes a film great is the human story behind it.” The use of AI in film became a talking point after this year’s Oscars, when Adrien Brody won Best Actor for his work in The Brutalist. In the film, both Brody and his co-star Felicity Jones had to speak Hungarian, a very difficult language to pronounce. According to the film’s editor David Jancso, AI was used to perfect their speech. “They did a wonderful job, but we also wanted to perfect it so that even locals will not notice any difference.” Another Oscar-winning film, the musical Emilia Perez, used AI to improve the singing of the actors. The use of AI is becoming more common in the film and music industries. But not everyone is happy about it. During the 2023 Hollywood strikes, many actors and writers spoke out about AI, saying they were worried it could take away their jobs. Some worried that studios might use it to write scripts instead of hiring real writers, and others feared their voices or faces could be copied by AI without their permission (许可). Industry experts suggest that while AI can assist in production, it cannot replace human creativity and emotional depth that audiences connect with. 1.What does the Academy say about AI in films? A. AI films are unable to win Oscars. B. All films will use AI in the near future. C. AI doesn’t change a film’s chance to win. D. AI is becoming more important than humans. 2.How does the author show the influence of AI on the film industry? A. By giving examples of AI in films. B. By presenting the history of AI. C. By focusing on technical details. D. By comparing AI with traditional tools. 3.Why were some Hollywood workers unhappy about AI? A. It made their voices sound strange. B. It completely changed Oscar rules. C. It might make them lose their jobs. D. It made movies win too many awards. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. AI in the Oscars: Rules & Influence B. AI in Film-Making: Future & Possibilities C. AI in the Film Industry: Creativity & Success D. AI in Hollywood: Anxieties and Worries. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这篇文章主要介绍了生成式人工智能在影视行业的应用、奥斯卡对此出台的相关规则，以及好莱坞从业者对AI的担忧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Academy explained that using AI will not help or hurt a film’s chances of getting nominated (被提名), although human creativity and input are still the things that matter most. (该学院表示，使用人工智能既不会增加、也不会降低影片获得提名的概率，不过人类的创造力与投入依旧是最重要的因素。)”可知，美国电影艺术与科学学院认为使用AI不会改变一部电影被提名或获奖的机会，人类创造力才是最重要的。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The use of AI in film became a talking point after this year’s Oscars, when Adrien Brody won Best Actor for his work in The Brutalist. In the film, both Brody and his co-star Felicity Jones had to speak Hungarian, a very difficult language to pronounce. According to the film’s editor David Jancso, AI was used to perfect their speech. “They did a wonderful job, but we also wanted to perfect it so that even locals will not notice any difference.” Another Oscar-winning film, the musical Emilia Perez, used AI to improve the singing of the actors. (在今年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼上阿德里安・布罗迪凭借《粗野派》斩获最佳男主角奖，在此之后，人工智能在电影中的应用成为热议话题。在这部影片中，布罗迪与其联合主演菲丽西缇・琼斯都需要说匈牙利语，这是一门发音难度极高的语言。据该片剪辑师大卫・扬乔介绍，剧组使用人工智能优化了二人的台词发音。“他们的表现已经十分出色，但我们仍想做到尽善尽美，让当地观众也听不出任何口音瑕疵。”另一部奥斯卡获奖歌舞片《艾米莉亚・佩雷斯》，则运用人工智能提升了演员的演唱水平。)”可知，作者通过列举《粗野派》使用AI优化演员的匈牙利语发音、以及《艾米莉亚・佩雷斯》使用AI提升演员演唱水平这两个具体例子，来说明AI对电影行业的影响。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“During the 2023 Hollywood strikes, many actors and writers spoke out about AI, saying they were worried it could take away their jobs. Some worried that studios might use it to write scripts instead of hiring real writers, and others feared their voices or faces could be copied by AI without their permission (许可). (在2023年好莱坞罢工运动中，众多演员和编剧公开反对人工智能，担心其会抢走自己的工作。有人担忧影视公司会用人工智能撰写剧本，而非聘请专业编剧；还有人害怕自己的声音或容貌会在未经许可的情况下被人工智能复制。)”可知，一些好莱坞从业者担心AI会导致他们失业。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Generative AI now helps write stories, create art and answer questions, and it can even copy people’s voices. It’s being used in schools, offices, music and movies. Even the Oscars (奥斯卡奖) are changing because of AI. (生成式人工智能现在可以帮助编写故事，创造艺术和回答问题，甚至可以复制人的声音。它被用在学校、办公室、音乐和电影中。就连奥斯卡奖也因为人工智能而发生了变化。)”以及第二段中“The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has updated its rules, saying films that use AI are now allowed to win awards. (美国电影艺术与科学学院更新了规则，称使用人工智能的电影现在可以获奖。)”可知，文章首先介绍了生成式人工智能在影视制作中的应用，以及它所带来的奥斯卡奖评奖规则的变化。接着举例说明AI在电影中的实际应用，最后提到好莱坞工作者对AI的担忧（可能取代工作、滥用声音或形象等）。全文围绕AI在好莱坞（奥斯卡及电影制作）带来的规则变化、实际应用和利弊争议展开，因此A项“AI in the Oscars: Rules & Influence (奥斯卡中的AI：规则与影响)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·贵州黔西南州金成实验学校·期中）In general, sharks are considered swimming rubbish containers that dine on whatever they can fit in their mouths. But in French Polynesia, black-tip reef sharks that often visit places where tourists throw them low-quality leftovers are suffering harm to their metabolic (新陈代谢的) and reproductive health. Johann Mourier, an animal behavioral expert, studied the movements, behavior and reproduction of sharks around Mo’ orea, a small island near Tahiti. Since the blacktip reef sharks there tend to be homebodies — sometimes spending a decade or more within one area — Mourier and his teammates wondered how sharks living at sites visited by generous tourists might be influenced by all the attention. In an earlier study on the sharks’ movements, the researchers found that female sharks from active feeding sites moved around more than those at sites less touched by humans. Female sharks also left the warm, shallow waters the species prefers. The team wondered about the reasons behind the sharks’ behavioral changes. From May 2008 to May 2011, Mourier and his teammates caught 49 female and 68 male black-tip reef sharks at different locations around the island. Five locations were feeding sites, while 12 were non-feeding. The researchers drew blood from the sharks and found the unit of blood made up of red blood cells — an overall measure of health condition — was lower for both male and female sharks at the feeding sites. “The glucose (葡萄糖) in the blood of the female sharks during the pairing season decreased, which means that food quality was worse at feeding sites,” says Mourier. The leftovers offered by humans are like junk food and don’t appear to have the same nutritional (营养的) quality as the sharks’ normal diet. The researchers suggest that monitoring and managing the kinds of foods given to sharks in places with widespread feeding activities may be necessary for protecting the health of the sharks. “Shark tourism is very beneficial for the sharks’ protection,” Mourier says. “But you also need to better manage the activity.” 1.Why did Mourier study black-tip reef sharks around Mo’ orea? A. They are friendly by nature. B. They live in shallow waters. C. They are key to the environment. D. They stay longer at the feeding sites. 2.What did the researchers focus on for their new study? A. Key nutrients of sharks’ diets. B. Sharks’ varied swimming activity. C. Movement patterns of male sharks. D. Health markers related to sharks’ behavior. 3.What is Mourier’s suggestion for protecting the health of sharks? A. Increasing feeding sites. B. Reducing the number of tourists. C. Controlling food types for feeding. D. Stopping shark feeding activities. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The impact of tourism feeding on sharks. B. The effect of tourism on sharks’ natural home. C. The sharks’ behavioral adaptation to humans. D. The connection between sharks’ diet and health. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。动物行为专家穆里耶研究法属波利尼西亚黑鳍礁鲨，发现游客投喂低质剩食损害其健康，建议管控投喂食物种类以保护鲨鱼。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since the black-tip reef sharks there tend to be homebodies — sometimes spending a decade or more within one area — Mourier and his teammates wondered how sharks living at sites visited by generous tourists might be influenced by all the attention. (由于那里的黑鳍礁鲨往往是“宅居型”—— 有时会在一个区域待十年甚至更久 —— 穆里耶和他的团队想知道，生活在游客频繁投喂区域的鲨鱼会如何受到这些关注的影响。)”可知，穆里耶研究该区域鲨鱼是因为它们在投喂点停留时间更长，便于观察游客投喂的影响。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The team wondered about the reasons behind the sharks’ behavioral changes. (团队想知道鲨鱼行为变化背后的原因。)”及第四段“The researchers drew blood from the sharks and found the unit of blood made up of red blood cells — an overall measure of health condition — was lower for both male and female sharks at the feeding sites. (研究人员从鲨鱼身上抽血，发现投喂点的雄性和雌性鲨鱼的红细胞数量 —— 衡量整体健康状况的指标 —— 都更低。)”可知，新研究聚焦“与鲨鱼行为相关的健康指标”，以探寻行为变化的原因。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers suggest that monitoring and managing the kinds of foods given to sharks in places with widespread feeding activities may be necessary for protecting the health of the sharks. (研究人员建议，在投喂活动普遍的地方，监测和管理投喂给鲨鱼的食物种类，可能对保护鲨鱼健康有必要。)”可知，穆里耶建议通过控制投喂的食物类型来保护鲨鱼健康。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But in French Polynesia, black-tip reef sharks that often visit places where tourists throw them low-quality leftovers are suffering harm to their metabolic (新陈代谢的) and reproductive health. (但在法属波利尼西亚，经常去游客投喂低质量剩食区域的黑鳍礁鲨，其新陈代谢和生殖健康正受到损害。)”及下文可知，全文围绕“游客投喂对鲨鱼健康的影响”的研究展开。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·贵州遵义市凤冈县·期中）It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism (机制), capable of turning anxiety into pleasure. There are four humor styles. Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny, which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. If you’ve ever shared a funny picture with a coworker, you’ve used affiliative humor. Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humor is laughing at the expense of others, which often involves sarcasm (讽刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers, which is possibly used by someone who’s targeted by bullies. Each style of humor actually carries a different influence, when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles can hint at trouble. “We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humor style may not experience loneliness as much, however, since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of their peers,” says Schermer. Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles, there’s no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people can develop a positive, self-enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote, “Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.” 1.Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To show the importance of mental health. B. To stress the role of humor. C. To persuade people to stay positive. D. To introduce ancient jokes to us. 2.According to the text, which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure? A. Affiliative humor. B. Self-enhancing humor. C. Aggressive humor. D. Self-defeating humor. 3.What does the underlined phrase “hint at” probably mean in the third paragraph? A. Signal. B. Explain. C. Prevent. D. Solve. 4.Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with? A. Humor is difficult to control. B. Crying is a good way of relief. C. Humor is a double-edged sword. D. Laughter is the best cure for stress. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书——Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious，介绍了四种不同的幽默类型。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism (机制), capable of turning anxiety into pleasure.(众所周知，幽默对我们的身心都有好处。笑是最好的良药这一观点自古以来就存在。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在他1905年出版的《笑话及其与无意识的关系》一书中认为，幽默是心灵的最高防御机制，能够将焦虑转化为快乐)”可知，第一段提到这本书是为了强调幽默的作用。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result.(自我提升的幽默包括能够自嘲，通常是你处理压力或困难的一种方式，结果感觉更好)”可知，用于缓解压力的是自我提升式幽默，故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others.(西安大略大学的心理学研究员Julie Aitken Schermer说，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不佳的迹象)”以及“By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击性和自我挫败的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦，故划线词意思是“暗示”。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.(笑和哭都是对担心和焦虑的反应。我更喜欢笑，因为笑完之后要做的清理工作少了)”可知，Kurt Vonnegut更喜欢笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治疗压力的最好方法”这一观点。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity. While that may seem a little far-fetched (牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree. Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a week-long experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools. The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period. All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand. The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades. They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom. American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand-up desks. Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results. In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire, became Europe’s first test one, with a seven-week trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifth-grade classrooms. While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging. The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience. 1.The students may be unhappy because _____. A. they have to exchange desks with each other B. the officials show no sympathy to them at all C. there are no seats for them to sit in class D. they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats 2.Older students may not like stand-up desks because _____. A. they are cleverer than younger students B. they are easily tired of standing long C. they have formed the habit of sitting D. they do badly in class while standing 3.What is most likely to be the result of the seven-week trial? A. The standing desks can’t be used at all. B. It is good for students to use stand-up desks. C. More tests should be done in other schools. D. The students are different in personality. 4.Why do the teachers like the standing desks? A. Because the educators can draw the students’ attention. B. Because the teachers can keep the students healthy. C. Because the students can have a walk in the classroom. D. Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了教育家在学校进行了一项让学生站着上课的研究，站着上课有助学生的身体健康，而且学生上课更专心，注意力更集中。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons!(如果你听到世界各地的学校正在认真考虑把传统课桌换成没有座位的课桌，你一定会不高兴的——是的，这意味着你将被鼓励站着读完那些已经太长时间的数学和科学课！)可知，学生们可能会不高兴，因为课堂上没有座位让他们坐着。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom.(他们认为，这可能与多年来被要求“坐着不动”的事实有关，年龄稍大的孩子很难适应这种意想不到的自由)可知，年龄大一些的学生可能不喜欢站立式课桌，因为他们已经养成了坐着的习惯。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.( 这些研究和之前的其他研究结果似乎都表明，允许孩子在教室里走动对学生和老师来说是双赢的——它有助于孩子们变得更健康，也为教育者提供了更有参与性的观众)可推知，七周的试验最有可能的结果是学生使用站立式课桌是有益的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand.(参与这项研究的25名教师都表示，允许学生站着上课，他们看起来更机敏，注意力更集中)和最后一段中的all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.(所有这些似乎都意味着，允许孩子们在教室里走动对学生和老师来说是双赢的——它有助于孩子们变得更健康，并为教育者提供了更有参与性的观众)可推知，老师们喜欢立式课桌，因为立式课桌能让学生们上课更专心，注意力更集中。故选D。 【名师点睛】事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。第1小题，根据第一段中的Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons!(如果你听到世界各地的学校正在认真考虑把传统课桌换成没有座位的课桌，你一定会不高兴的——是的，这意味着你将被鼓励站着读完那些已经太长时间的数学和科学课！)可知，学生们可能会不高兴，因为课堂上没有座位让他们坐着。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校联考·期中）While technological advancements have improved the convenience of urban commuting in recent years, environmental studies show a worrying reduction in urban green spaces, especially in densely populated districts. Many residents complain that there’s lack of accessible nature-filled areas for relaxation and exercise, so they end up spending more time indoors, relying on virtual entertainment. Urban planners Lila Chen and Ryan Moore are deeply troubled by such issues. In their newly released book Green Living: Reclaim Our Cities’ Natural Spaces, they call for a fundamental rethinking of urban design and the role greenery should play in our daily lives. The landscape of urban living began to shift decades ago. Vast areas of natural vegetation were cleared to make room for sprawling concrete structures and commercial centers, forcing residents to seek nature in distant suburbs. Some grassroots groups fought back. Most notably, a community organizer from Seattle, who relocated to the city in the early 2000s, launched a movement to save a local wetlands area from being converted into a shopping mall. Emily Clark appealed to the city council to “Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life coexist harmoniously, not just a place of concrete and commerce.” Similar initiatives took place in other major cities across the country in the 2010s. Although these initiatives gained public attention, the harsh reality is that the majority of modern cities remain focusing on urban development at the expense of green spaces. The coverage of natural areas in cities has been shrinking steadily. In California, for instance, the ratio of urban green spaces to total city area has dropped to a record low, even as the state promotes environmental protection campaigns. We invest substantial resources in building urban infrastructure that prioritizes speed and efficiency, yet we neglect to consider the true value of green spaces. Do we fully comprehend the social and psychological costs when citizens lack easy access to natural environments for mental rejuvenation? The authors of Green Living are spot-on: it’s high time we re-evaluate the urban landscapes right outside our homes. 1.What can we know from the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Urban commuting has become overly dependent on technology. B. Residents in densely populated areas have limited access to jobs. C. The decline of urban green spaces results in lifestyle changes. D. Virtual entertainment is replacing outdoor activities completely. 2.Why did the Seattle community organizer launch the campaign? A. Relocate residents to distant suburbs with more greenery. B. Expand commercial development and concrete structures. C. Promote the construction of more shopping malls in wetlands. D. Protect city natural spaces for a balanced lifestyle. 3.What can be inferred about the protection campaigns in California? A. They were actually ineffective in protecting urban green spaces. B. They resulted in the closure of all commercial construction projects. C. They have successfully increased the ratio of urban green spaces. D. They finally led to a surge in environmental protection donations. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Tech Advance: A Double-edged Sword? B. Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature? C. Green Spaces: A luxury or Necessity? D. Community Activism: A Lost Cause? 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着城市发展，城市绿地的减少给居民生活方式带来的改变，以及一些保护城市绿地的行动和目前保护绿地面临的困境，呼吁人们重新审视城市景观。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“While technological advancements have improved the convenience of urban commuting in recent years, environmental studies show a worrying reduction in urban green spaces, especially in densely populated districts. Many residents complain that there’s lack of accessible nature-filled areas for relaxation and exercise, so they end up spending more time indoors, relying on virtual entertainment. (虽然近年来科技进步提高了城市通勤的便利性，环境研究显示，城市绿地的面积令人担忧地减少，尤其是在人口密集的地区。许多居民抱怨说，缺乏可供放松和锻炼的自然区域，所以他们最终花更多的时间在室内，依赖虚拟娱乐。)”可知，城市绿地的减少导致居民生活方式发生改变，更多地待在室内，依赖虚拟娱乐。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Emily Clark appealed to the city council to ‘Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life coexist harmoniously, not just a place of concrete and commerce.’ (Emily Clark呼吁市议会‘保留西雅图作为一个自然与城市生活和谐共存的城市，而不仅仅是一个混凝土和商业的地方。’)”可知，西雅图的社区组织者发起这场运动是为了保护城市自然空间，实现自然与城市生活的和谐共存，即为了平衡的生活方式。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In California, for instance, the ratio of urban green spaces to total city area has dropped to a record low, even as the state promotes environmental protection campaigns. (例如，在加利福尼亚州，尽管该州开展了环境保护运动，但城市绿地与城市总面积的比例已降至历史最低水平。)”可知，加利福尼亚州开展的保护运动并没有有效保护城市绿地，城市绿地与城市总面积的比例反而降至历史最低水平，说明这些保护运动实际上在保护城市绿地方面是无效的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先指出城市绿地减少导致居民生活方式改变，接着提到一些保护城市绿地的行动，然后说明尽管有这些行动，但大多数现代城市仍然以牺牲绿地为代价进行城市发展，最后呼吁人们重新审视城市景观。所以文章主要围绕城市发展是否应该牺牲自然绿地展开，B项“Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature? (城市热潮：牺牲自然？)”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B项。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The last known eggs of the Great Bustard (鸨) were taken in 1832, and the bird was nearly extinct by the end of the 19th century, a victim of hunters. In 2004, the endangered species was reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining population here. The Great Bustard Group (GBG), the charity behind the release, was set up in 1997 and it has now been 16 years since the initial 10-year trial began. Long-term volunteers Fred and Rona Andrews have been involved from the start and, working as part of a team, have helped raise over 200 chicks from eggs sourced abroad. “For the first week the chick needs to have food placed in its bill, so we use a feeding puppet to imitate the behavior of the parent,” explains Fred. “It is quite hard when the bustards are young because they need feeding every hour and it takes a long time to feed one.” Great Bustards reach maturity at about five years old. “Seeing the first wild bred chick out on Salisbury Plain in 2009, shortly after it hatched, was a proud moment for me,” says Rona. On average, 12 chicks are released each year on to Salisbury Plain and in 2018 the survival rate was 100 percent. “The aim has been to reach a population of 100 birds,” says GBG executive officer David Waters. “Now we have that number, and we are hoping the population will continue to grow by natural reproduction.” “Being involved with the world’s heaviest bird alive today that can fly has given us both a greater knowledge of birds, conservation and farming,” states Rona. “We are contributing to an important conservation project that also benefits other species.” 1.Why did the GBG reintroduce Great Bustards to Salisbury Plain? A. To test their chance of survival. B. To increase species diversity there. C. To help save the threatened species. D. To help the local bustards raise chicks. 2.What does Fred say about feeding the young bustards? A. It is dangerous. B. It is demanding. C. It is interesting. D. It is fairly costly. 3.What does David Water expect of Great Bustards? A. They will survive on their own. B. They will reach a population of 100. C. They will hatch 12 chicks each year. D. They will live in peace with other species. 4.What is Rona’s attitudes towards the project? A. Critical. B. Conservative. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家名为GBG的慈善机构为了保护濒危物种所作出的努力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 2004, the endangered species was reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining population here.(2004年，这种濒危物种被重新引入索尔兹伯里平原，目的是在这里建立一个自我维持的种群)”可知，GBG将鸨重新引入Salibury平原是为了帮助拯救濒危物种。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It is quite hard when the bustards are young because they need feeding every hour and it takes a long time to feed one. (这对雏鸨来说是相当困难的，因为他们每小时都需要喂食，而喂养一只雏鸨需要很长时间)”可知，Fred认为喂养雏鸨十分费力。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“we are hoping the population will continue to grow by natural reproduction.(我们希望通过自然繁殖，鸟类数量将继续增长)”可知，David Waters希望鸨可以靠自己生存。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We are contributing to an important conservation project that also benefits other species.(我们正在为一个重要的保护项目做出贡献，这也有利于其他物种)”可知，Rosa认为现在所做的对其他物种有导向性，因此她对这个项目是支持的。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）It is well known that learning a musical instrument benefits the brain, enhancing fine motor skills and memory. But can this training also change how musicians experience pain? Pain triggers vital reactions in our bodies and brains, like pulling a hand from a hot pan. However, prolonged pain can be detrimental. If an injury causes the brain to send persistent “don't move” signals, it can disorganize the brain's “body map” — the area that controls movement — leading to increased long-term suffering and reduced mobility. Yet, individuals experience pain differently. Some people can better handle pain. To understand why, a study investigated whether musical training, with its intense practice of fine motor skills, could influence pain response. The study compared young, healthy musicians and non-musicians. To safely copy temporary muscle pain, researchers injected (注射) a harmless substance into a hand muscle, causing aching for several days, especially during movement. They mapped each participant’s brain representation of the hand before the injection, then again two and eight days later, to observe any changes caused by pain. The results revealed a clear distinction. Even before the pain, the musicians’ brain hand maps were more detailed and refined than those of non-musicians. After the pain was induced (引起) , the musicians reported feeling less overall discomfort. Crucially, while the non-musicians’ brain maps shrank (萎缩) significantly after two days of pain, the musicians’ maps remained stable and unchanged. Furthermore, a direct connection was found: the more hours a musician had spent practising, the less pain they felt. Although this was a small study of 40 people, it clearly showed that musicians’ brains respond differently to pain. Their long-term training appears to provide a buffer (缓冲) against pain’s typical negative effects, both in their subjective experience and in their brain’s motor control areas. This does not suggest music is a cure for chronic pain. However, it demonstrates that long-term, skilled training can fundamentally shape our insight of pain. These findings help explain why pain resilience varies between individuals and could inform new strategies for pain management. 1.What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Helpful. B. Harmful. C. Bearable. D. Curable. 2.How did the researchers conduct the experiment? A. By recording musicians’ daily practice intensity. B. By testing musicians’ pain tolerance in training. C. By collecting daily pain data from participants. D. By comparing participants’ brain responses to pain. 3.What was concluded about musicians’ brain hand maps after the experiment? A. They shrank to a large extent. B. They showed insignificant changes. C. They weren’t linked to musical training. D. They matched non-musicians’ post-pain. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the result of the study? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于音乐训练如何影响疼痛体验的研究。研究发现，音乐家的大脑对手部区域的映射更精细，且在经历疼痛时，其大脑映射保持稳定，主观疼痛感也较弱。这表明长期的音乐训练可能对疼痛起到缓冲作用。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词detrimental后文的内容“If an injury causes the brain to send persistent “don’t move” signals, it can disorganize the brain’s “body map”—the area that controls movement—leading to increased long-term suffering and reduced mobility.(如果受伤导致大脑持续发出“不要动”的信号，可能会扰乱大脑的“身体地图”——控制运动的区域——导致长期痛苦加剧和活动能力下降)”可知，划线词后文进行了解释，如果受伤导致大脑持续发出“不要动”的信号，那么就会扰乱大脑的“身体地图”，从而导致长期痛苦加剧和活动能力下降，故可推知划线词detrimental与B项“Harmful(有害的)”意思相近，即长期的疼痛是有害的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The study compared young, healthy musicians and non-musicians. To safely copy temporary muscle pain, researchers injected (注射) a harmless substance into a hand muscle, causing aching for several days, especially during movement. They mapped each participant’s brain representation of the hand before the injection, then again two and eight days later, to observe any changes caused by pain.(该研究比较了年轻健康的音乐家和非音乐家。为了安全地模拟暂时性肌肉疼痛，研究人员向手部肌肉注射了一种无害物质，引起数天疼痛（尤其在活动时）。他们在注射前、注射后两天和八天分别绘制了每位参与者大脑中手部区域的地图，以观察疼痛引起的变化)”可知，研究人员通过向手部肌肉注射无害物质引起暂时疼痛，并在注射前、注射后两天和八天分别绘制参与者大脑中手部区域的地图，比较音乐家和非音乐家对疼痛的大脑反应差异。因此，实验方法是对比参与者对疼痛的大脑反应。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Crucially, while the non-musicians’ brain maps shrank (萎缩) significantly after two days of pain, the musicians' maps remained stable and unchanged.(关键的是，尽管非音乐家的大脑地图在疼痛两天后显著萎缩，而音乐家的大脑地图却保持稳定不变)”可知，音乐家的大脑映射在疼痛后保持稳定，没有显著变化。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although this was a small study of 40 people, it clearly showed that musicians' brains respond differently to pain.(尽管这是一项仅40人的小型研究，但它清楚地表明音乐家的大脑对疼痛的反应不同。)”以及“These findings help explain why pain resilience varies between individuals and could inform new strategies for pain management.(这些发现有助于解释为何个体疼痛耐受性存在差异，并可能为疼痛管理提供新策略)”可知，作者对于这项研究结果的态度是支持的。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校联考·期中）In recent years, a new type of energy-storing device called the “supercapacitor” has been attracting more and more attention. Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries. For example, a traditional battery may take several hours to fully charge, while a supercapacitor can be charged in a matter of seconds or minutes. Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan. They can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation in performance. This makes them very suitable for applications where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking. This energy can then be reused to power the vehicle, improving the vehicle’s energy efficiency. In renewable energy systems like wind and solar power, supercapacitors can store the excess energy generated during peak production times and release it when the energy production is low. However, supercapacitors also have some limitations. Their energy density is currently lower than that of traditional batteries, which means they can’t store as much energy per unit volume. But scientists are constantly researching and developing new materials and technologies to improve the energy density of supercapacitors. 1.How is a supercapacitor different from a traditional battery? A. It is more expensive. B. It can charge and discharge faster. C. It is heavier. D. It has a lower power output. 2.The underlined word “degradation” in the second paragraph probably means “______”. A. improvement B. change C. increase D. decline 3.In which field can supercapacitors be used to store braking-generated energy? A. In the field of home appliances. B. In the field of communication. C. In the field of electric vehicles. D. In the field of aerospace. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitors. B. The comparison between supercapacitors and traditional batteries. C. The applications of supercapacitors in electric vehicles. D. The research and development of supercapacitors. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超级电容器这种新型储能装置，包括其与传统电池的差异、优缺点以及应用领域。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries.(超级电容器在许多方面不同于传统电池。它们比电池充电和放电的速度快得多)”可知，超级电容器与传统电池的不同之处在于它充电和放电的速度更快。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan. They can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation in performance. This makes them very suitable for applications where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.(超级电容器的寿命也更长。它们可以经受大量的充放电循环，而性能不会有明显的degradation。这使得它们非常适合需要频繁充电和放电的应用，例如电动汽车和可再生能源系统)”可知，超级电容器可以经受大量的充放电循环，且非常适合需要频繁充电和放电的应用，由此可推测其性能也不会因为频繁充电和放电出现明显的下降。故划线词degradation意为“下降，衰退”，与D项“decline”意思相近。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking.(在电动汽车中，超级电容器可以用来储存制动过程中产生的能量)”可知，超级电容器可以用来储存制动产生的能量的领域是电动汽车领域。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“In recent years, a new type of energy-storing device called the “supercapacitor” has been attracting more and more attention. Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries.(近年来，一种名为“超级电容器”的新型储能装置吸引了越来越多的关注。超级电容器在许多方面不同于传统电池。它们的充放电速度比电池快得多)”、第二段中“Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan.(超级电容器的寿命也更长)”、第三段中“In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking.(在电动汽车中，超级电容器可用于储存制动过程中产生的能量)”和第四段中“However, supercapacitors also have some limitations. Their energy density is currently lower than that of traditional batteries, which means they can’t store as much energy per unit volume.(然而，超级电容器也有一些局限性。它们的能量密度目前低于传统电池，这意味着它们不能在单位体积上储存那么多能量)”可知，文章通过与传统电池相对比，全面地介绍了超级电容器的优势(如充电放电速度快、寿命长、可储存制动过程中产生的能量)和劣势(如能量密度较低)。故选B项。 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Planting trees is good for the environment. It’s a popular way to remove carbon (碳) from the air. But a new study shows that this method alone cannot offset all the planet-warming pollution, known as the emission (排放) of greenhouse gas, created by the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies. To do that, we would need to plant so many trees that they would cover all of North and Central America. The researchers found that trees cannot absorb carbon as fast as these 200 large oil, gas, and coal companies produce it. There simply isn’t enough land on Earth for all the trees we would need. Also, if these companies had to pay for planting all those trees, it would cost $ 10.8 trillion. That’s more money than all these big companies are actually worth combined. “People might think planting trees is a magic solution, but it’s not,” said Nina Friggens, one of the researchers. Many companies, including fossil fuel businesses, pay for tree-planting programs to cancel out their pollution. Trees are a cheap way to do this because they naturally absorb carbon. For the study, the researchers looked at the 200 companies that own the most fossil fuels underground (like oil and coal they plan to use in the future). They calculated how much CO2 would be released if all these fuels were burned. Another scientist, Jonathan Foley, explained the results simply. He said, “Planting trees is like using a sponge (海绵) to clean up a big water spill. But if we keep spilling more and more water, the sponge won’t be able to keep up. First, we need to turn off the tap.” 1.What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Pick. B. Balance. C. Set. D. Switch. 2.Why does the author mention North and Central America? A. To suggest more trees should be planted in this region. B. To compare forest coverage in different continents. C. To explain where the fossil fuel companies are located. D. To show planting trees to cancel out carbon emissions is impossible. 3.What is the main reason why trees are used in cancelling out carbon? A. They are a low-cost natural solution. B. They are required by government policies. C. They are the only known method available. D. They can completely solve pollution problems. 4.What do Foley’s words mean? A. The tap should be fixed first. B. Water spills are difficult to clean down C. The source of pollution should be cut off. D. Better sponges are needed to absorb water spills. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，围绕“植树对环境的作用”展开，先指出植树是吸收空气中碳的常见方式，随后通过一项新研究说明仅靠植树无法抵消全球大型化石燃料公司产生的温室气体排放，从所需植树面积、成本等方面分析原因，最后引用科学家的话强调应从源头减少污染。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Planting trees is good for the environment. It’s a popular way to remove carbon (碳) from the air. But a new study shows that this method alone cannot offset all the planet-warming pollution, known as the emission (排放) of greenhouse gas, created by the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies.( 植树对环境有益，是吸收空气中碳的常用方法。但一项新研究表明，仅靠这种方法无法……全球最大化石燃料公司产生的致暖污染，即温室气体排放。)”可知，前文提到植树能吸收碳，后文用“but”转折，说明这种方法不足以抵消化石燃料公司的排放，因此“offset”意为“抵消”。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“To do that, we would need to plant so many trees that they would cover all of North and Central America. The researchers found that trees cannot absorb carbon as fast as these 200 large oil, gas, and coal companies produce it. There simply isn’t enough land on Earth for all the trees we would need.(要做到这一点，我们需要种植如此多的树，以至于它们会覆盖整个北美和中美洲。研究人员发现，树木吸收碳的速度赶不上这200家大型石油、天然气和煤炭公司产生碳的速度。地球上根本没有足够的土地来种植我们需要的所有树木。)”可知，作者提及北美和中美洲是为了说明种植树木来抵消碳排放是不可能的，因为所需树木数量对应的土地面积过大。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Many companies, including fossil fuel businesses, pay for tree-planting programs to cancel out their pollution. Trees are a cheap way to do this because they naturally absorb carbon.(包括化石燃料企业在内的许多公司都会资助植树项目来抵消其污染。树木是一种廉价的方式，因为它们能自然吸收碳。)”可知，树木被用于抵消碳排放的主要原因是它们是一种低成本的自然解决方案。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段Foley的话“Planting trees is like using a sponge (海绵) to clean up a big water spill. But if we keep spilling more and more water, the sponge won’t be able to keep up. First, we need to turn off the tap.(植树就像用海绵清理大量溢水。但如果我们不断溢出更多的水，海绵就跟不上了。首先，我们需要关掉水龙头。)”可知，这里的“溢水”比喻温室气体排放，“水龙头”比喻排放源头，他的话意思是应先切断污染源头。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）For a species mainly dependent on plants for food, we give plants curiously little respect. Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings. Curiosity drives Schlanger’s narrative, who believes plant biology is a “case study” of a scientific revolution in progress. Do plants sense a wound? We feel her excitement and hesitation as she uses a tool to press a cress leaf. The plant has been genetically modified (修改) so that its cells shine gently when electrical charges pass through them. Pressed, the leaf immediately lights up. A wave of electrical activity moves until the entire plant is filled with information about the damaged leaf within seconds. Through Schlanger’s vivid description, I now understand these plants as living beings that respond to danger instantly. I am, as Schlanger writes of her own changed perspective, “regaining connection with the natural world.” Schlanger’s visits to field sites and labs leave no doubt that, conscious or not, plants sense their surroundings and make well- informed decisions. Leaves pick up the sounds of chewing caterpillars and take appropriate chemical defenses. Flowers sweeten their nectar when they sense pollinators like bees flying by. Plants seem to use memory to adjust their growth and even minute-by-minute presentation of pollen. Reading about her pursuit of plant wonder, I felt an ever-increasing sense of admiration and affection for plants. Understanding plants' intelligence reframes our everyday experience of eating plants or seeing them growing out of a crack. In an age when we often feel distant from a living world in crisis, it is good to be reminded that other species have initiatives (主动性), flexible to handle tricky situations. Having thrived on Earth for half a billion years, plants have not only intelligence but wisdom about how to flourish in the face of change. 1.What is a feature of The Light Eaters according to the text? A. It focuses on threats to plants. B. It is targeted at plant biologists. C. It is packed with scientific terms. D. It helps us relate to the natural world. 2.How does the genetically modified cress leaf react in the experiment? A. It sends out special chemicals immediately. B. The composition of its cells changes slightly. C. The shape of the leaf is damaged completely. D. The cells of the leaf give out faint light instantly. 3.What can we learn from the examples given in paragraph 3? A. Plants act accordingly on the environment. B. Leaves defend against enemies passively. C. Flowers release chemicals for self-protection. D. Plants keep a steady growth rate for survival. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To share an experience. B. To recommend a book. C. To present an experiment. D. To prove an assumption. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了记者Zo Schlanger的新书The Light Eaters，该书通过最新的植物生物学发现，改变了我们对植物乃至所有生命本质的认知。书中通过生动的实验和观察，展示了植物如何感知环境、做出决策，甚至拥有记忆能力。作者通过阅读这本书，增强了对植物的欣赏和理解，重新建立了与自然世界的联系。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings.(值得庆幸的是，记者Zo Schlanger撰写的The Light Eaters引人入胜，讲述了植物生物学的最新发现。这本书不仅改变了我们对植物的看法，还改变了我们对所有生命本质的看法，增强了我们对这些迷人生物的欣赏)”和第二段中“I am, as Schlanger writes of her own changed perspective, “regaining connection with the natural world.”(正如Schlanger所写的那样，我正在“重新与自然世界建立联系”)”可知，这本书帮助我们与自然世界建立联系，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The plant has been genetically modified (修改) so that its cells shine gently when electrical charges pass through them. Pressed, the leaf immediately lights up.(这种植物经过了基因修改，因此当电荷通过时，它的细胞会发出柔和的光。按压一下，叶子立刻亮了起来)”可知，被修改过基因的水芹叶子的细胞会立即发出微弱的光，故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Schlanger’s visits to field sites and labs leave no doubt that, conscious or not, plants sense their surroundings and make well-informed decisions.(Schlanger对野外和实验室的考察毫无疑问地表明，无论有意识与否，植物都能感知周围环境，并做出明智的决定)”提到植物能感知周围环境，并做出反应，接着下文“Leaves pick up the sounds of chewing caterpillars and take appropriate chemical defenses. Flowers sweeten their nectar when they sense pollinators like bees flying by.(树叶捕捉到咀嚼毛虫的声音，并采取适当的化学防御措施。当花朵感觉到蜜蜂等传粉者飞过时，它们会使花蜜变甜)”以树叶和花朵为例加以说明，由此推知植物根据环境作出反应，故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings.(值得庆幸的是，记者Zo Schlanger撰写的The Light Eaters引人入胜，讲述了植物生物学的最新发现。这本书不仅改变了我们对植物的看法，还改变了我们对所有生命本质的看法，增强了我们对这些迷人生物的欣赏)”可知，文章主要全文围绕The Light Eaters一书展开，介绍书的内容（植物感知能力、实验发现）和阅读感受（增强对植物的欣赏），最后一段中“Reading about her pursuit of plant wonder, I felt an ever-increasing sense of admiration and affection for plants.(读到她对植物奇迹的追求，我对植物的钦佩和喜爱与日俱增)”提到阅读后对植物产生钦佩和喜爱，隐含推荐意图，故作者的目的是推荐这本书，故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $