专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，天津专用）高三英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦高三期中阅读理解，精选天津多校真题，涵盖人与社会（社会服务、历史文化）、人与自我（做人做事、生活学习）主题，通过议论文与新闻报道考查语言理解及思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|每篇5题|细节理解（如友谊类型）、推理判断（如跨物种交流研究意义）、主旨大意（如经典文学价值）|结合Aristotle友谊理论、AI图灵测试等跨学科素材，问题从基础信息到深层思辨梯度分布，贴近高考命题趋势|

专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高三上·天津第四十五中学·期中）When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss. Our age, what we might call the age of economics, is strongly influenced by two types of relationships that reflect the lives we are encouraged to lead. There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And there are entrepreneurial (商业的) relationships, those that we invest in, hoping they will bring us some return. Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “It is not for their character that men love ready-witted people, but because they find them pleasant.” About the usefulness friendships, he said, “Those who love each other for their utility (效用) do not love each other for themselves, but because of some good which they get from each other.” Although we benefit from our close friendships, these friendships are not a matter of calculable gain and loss. Consumer pleasures are lasting for only a limited time. They surround us for a short period and then they fade, like a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads to the victory of personal gain. It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的). Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. Shared experience, not just everyday amusement or advancement, is the true basis of friendship. 1.The author mentions his operation in the first paragraph to ______. A. recall one of his best friends B. advise people to visit sick friends C. introduce the topic of true friendship D. talk about the experience of surgery 2.Consumer relationships center on ______. A. the sharing of joy and sorrow B. mutual support in times of trouble C. personal gain or personal loss D. immediate pleasure 3.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument by ______. A. explaining three types of friendship B. discussing questions C. analyzing causes and effects D. providing examples and facts 4.The author seems to support the idea that ______. A. friendships are a matter of calculable gain or loss B. there are no specific reasons for friendship C. short-term pleasure is the center of friendship D. everyday amusement is the true basis of friendship 5.The best title for the text would be ______. A. Friendship in Modern Times B. Friendship in Economic Recession C. Friendship in the Age of Economics D. Friendship in a Fast Paced Life 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. C 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了经济时代的友谊。作者通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。 (1)题解析： 目的意图题。根据第一段When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.“当我17岁的时候，我因为一种疾病做了手术。手术后的第二天，我醒来发现我的一个朋友坐在我床对面的椅子上。关于他的来访我记得不太清楚了。但我不会忘记他那天来看我，在我注射吗啡的影响下，他在那里坐了不知道多久。我们从亲密的友谊中获益良多，但它不是一件可以计算得失的事情。”由此可知，作者在第一段提到了他的手术，是为了介绍真正友谊的话题。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters.“还有消费者关系，我们参与其中是因为他们给我们带来快乐。他们专注于现在。真正重要的是能立即带来快乐。”由此可知，消费者关系以即时愉悦为中心。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship.“亚里士多德认为有三种类型的友谊:愉悦的，有用的，和真正的友谊。”由此可知，作者试图通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。故选A。 (4)题解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. “友谊也许不是没有理由的，但他们肯定没有那个特殊的理由。”由此可知，作者似乎支持友谊没有具体原因的观点。故选B。 (5)题解析： 标题判断题。根据最后一段中It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的).“在一个我们每个人只能选择所有权、购物、竞争和发展的社会中，受到威胁的恰恰是非经济性质。当我们被引导去相信，没有显而易见的好处的友谊从经济意义上讲是非理性的时候，友谊就受到了威胁。”由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是《经济时代的友谊》。故选C。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·天津第四十五中学·期中）When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate? Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long term. They will also experience fear. Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they associate you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership. The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work days, or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation. Today’s work place is all about relationships. Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they are recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor in the work life of most people. The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence — knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills. 1.According to the passage, forcing others to do things might lead to ________. A. short-term cooperation and long-term trust B. immediate efficiency and lasting motivation C. temporary obedience and long-term negative feelings D. rapid task completion and improved relationships 2.An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when ________. A. he is forced to do things B. he cannot work at his best C. he feels his brain shut down D. he thinks of his work as too heavy 3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. People tend to associate leadership with fear. B. Working conditions affect people’s physical health. C. Good relationship is the key to business success. D. Smart people are more functional in the work place. 4.To positively influence employees a leader should first of all ________. A. provide better suggestions B. develop his own personality C. give his employees a pay raise D. hide his own emotion of fear 5.Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to ________. A. provide a variety of projects for employees B. help raise employee’s living standards C. give employees specific instructions D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章批判了以强迫和恐惧为基础的领导方式，强调真正的领导力源于情商、品格和对员工情绪的妥善处理，良好的人际关系是职场成功的关键。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long term. (如果你强迫某人做违背他们意愿的事，他们可能会因为觉得必须做而服从，但他们内心的愤怒会在长期造成更大的伤害。)”可知，强迫他人做事可能导致暂时的服从和长期的负面情绪。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long term. They will also experience fear. (如果你强迫某人做违背他们意愿的事，他们可能会因为觉得必须做而服从，但他们内心的愤怒会在长期造成更大的伤害。他们也会感到恐惧。)”可知，被强迫做事会让员工在职场中感到恐惧。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Today’s work place is all about relationships. Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they are recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. (如今的工作场所都是关于人际关系的。在一个积极的环境中，任何人都能更努力地工作，在这种环境中，他们不仅是一名工人，而且是一名被认可和重视的人。每个人都会为自己喜欢的人多付出一点。)”可知，良好的人际关系提升员工的工作表现，是商业成功的关键。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. (我们持久影响他人的方式是通过我们自己的品格，以及我们对情绪的理解和运用。)”可知，领导者的品格和情商是持久影响力的基础。由此推知，为积极影响员工，领导者首先应发展自身品格。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence — knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. (领导力的真正力量是一种内在的力量，它来自对情商的信心——了解自己的情绪，以及如何处理它们，以及其他人的情绪。)”可知，优秀的领导力主要体现在领导者能明智处理员工情绪。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高三上·天津第一〇二中学-11月·期中）Have you ever found that those so-called classical literature is actually boring and wordy? Have you ever been employed to read such works with total reluctance and unwillingness? However, these works, when published, suddenly became a hit all around the world, and won a large number of followers. Why here exists the huge distinction between their venerable fames and your natural judgement? The answer lies not in the works themselves, but in the mismatch between readers’ expectations and the historical context in which these texts were created. Classics reflect the language, values, and concerns of their own time, which can feel distant or irrelevant to modern readers. Long-winded descriptions, unfamiliar social customs, and archaic sentence structures can be barriers to engagement. However, labeling them as boring overlooks the lasting human truths they contain — truths that have resonated for generations. One key reason we struggle to connect with classical literature is that these works explore deep emotions and moral dilemmas — love, guilt, ambition, loss — that resonate most when we’ve lived through similar experiences ourselves. It is difficult to appreciate Shakespeare’s meditation on mortality in Hamlet until we have lost someone we love; it is hard to understand Jane Eyre’s moral independence without having struggled with our own identity. These books don’t lack meaning — we simply haven’t grown into them yet. Like a child who cannot fully grasp the complexities of adult life, an inexperienced reader may fail to see the emotional depth of classic literature. That’s why the same book can feel entirely different when read at different stages of life. A passage that once seemed dull may suddenly feel profound. A character’s decision that once seemed irrational may now appear deeply human. Classics don’t change — but we do. Our growth brings new insights into old texts. More importantly, literature helps us practice empathy. By stepping into the shoes of people from different times, cultures, and social classes, we broaden our emotional perspectives. We are exposed to ways of thinking and feeling that may be unfamiliar but are essential to understanding the human experience. So perhaps the problem is not with the books, but with how we approach them. Some books ask us to slow down, think harder, and feel deeper. That is not a flaw (缺点) — it is their strength. And as we gain more life experience, these works reveal their beauty, wisdom, and relevance. Through them, we don’t just understand literature — we come to understand others, and ultimately, ourselves. 1.What is the main reason the author suggests modern readers may struggle with classical literature? A. Classical literature uses outdated vocabulary B. Classical works reflect values and concerns from a different historical context C. Modern readers lack interest in older texts D. Classical works are too short to engage with deeply 2.According to the article, why might a young reader find Hamlet or Jane Eyre difficult to relate to? A. They carry many special designs of plots B. They have not yet experienced similar emotions C. They have little empathetic ability D. The characters are too unrealistic 3.What is the primary purpose of literature, as described in the article? A. To entertain readers with exciting plots B. To expose readers to different historical periods C. To help readers practice empathy and understand others D. To teach readers about the complexities of life 4.What is the central argument of the article? A. Classical literature is irrelevant to modern readers B. We should approach classical works with openness and patience C. Modern literature is superior to classical literature D. Some classical literature should be rewritten for modern readers 5.Which of the following best summarizes the article’s view on classical literature? A. Classical literature is outdated and should be replaced by modern works B. Modern readers should learn to read classical literature carefully C. Classical literature is useful for academic study and personal growth D. Classical works have their necessary values behind 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要针对现代读者觉得古典文学枯燥冗长的现象展开分析，指出问题根源并非作品本身，而是读者期待与作品创作的历史背景不匹配、读者缺乏相似生活体验等；同时强调古典文学蕴含永恒的人类真理，能帮助读者培养同理心、实现自我理解，最终提出应以开放和耐心的态度对待古典文学。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The answer lies not in the works themselves, but in the mismatch between readers’ expectations and the historical context in which these texts were created. Classics reflect the language, values, and concerns of their own time, which can feel distant or irrelevant to modern readers. (答案不在于作品本身，而在于读者的期望与这些文本创作时的历史背景之间的不匹配。经典作品反映了它们所处时代的语言、价值观和关注点，这对现代读者来说可能会显得遥远或无关紧要)”可知，作者认为现代读者难以理解古典文学的主要原因是古典文学反映了特定时代的价值观和关注点，与现代读者的认知存在历史背景差异。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One key reason we struggle to connect with classical literature is that these works explore deep emotions and moral dilemmas — love, guilt, ambition, loss — that resonate most when we’ve lived through similar experiences ourselves. It is difficult to appreciate Shakespeare’s meditation on mortality in Hamlet until we have lost someone we love; it is hard to understand Jane Eyre’s moral independence without having struggled with our own identity. (我们难以与古典文学产生共鸣的一个关键原因是，这些作品探讨了深刻的情感和道德困境 —— 爱、愧疚、野心、失落 —— 而只有当我们亲身经历过类似的事情时，才能最大程度地感受到这些情感和困境的共鸣。除非我们失去过挚爱的人，否则很难体会莎士比亚在《哈姆雷特》中对死亡的沉思；若没有为自我身份而挣扎过，也很难理解简·爱那种道德上的独立)”可知，年轻读者可能觉得《哈姆雷特》或《简·爱》难以理解是因为他们尚未经历作品中所探讨的相似情感。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“More importantly, literature helps us practice empathy. By stepping into the shoes of people from different times, cultures, and social classes, we broaden our emotional perspectives. (更重要的是，文学帮助我们培养共情能力。通过设身处地地站在来自不同时代、文化和社会阶层的人的角度，我们拓宽了自己的情感视野)”可知，文章认为文学的主要目的是帮助读者培养同理心，理解他人。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者先指出读者觉得古典文学枯燥的现象，再分析其原因，接着强调古典文学的价值，在最后一段中提出核心观点：“So perhaps the problem is not with the books, but with how we approach them. Some books ask us to slow down, think harder, and feel deeper. That is not a flaw— it is their strength. (所以，或许问题不在于书籍本身，而在于我们对待它们的方式。有些书要求我们放慢速度、深入思考、深刻感受。这并非缺点—— 而是它们的优势所在。)”，因此，文章的中心论点是我们应该以开放和耐心的态度对待经典作品。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, labeling them as boring overlooks the lasting human truths they contain — truths that have resonated for generations. (然而，将它们贴上“无聊”的标签，却忽视了其中蕴含的持久的人类真理 —— 这些真理已经引起了几代人的共鸣)”以及最后一段中的“And as we gain more life experience, these works reveal their beauty, wisdom, and relevance. (而且，随着我们积累更多的生活经验，这些作品会展现出它们的美、智慧和现实意义)”可知，文章认为古典文学并非枯燥无用，其背后蕴含着永恒的真理、美感与智慧，具有重要价值。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·天津第四十七中学·期中）Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to talk with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at resolving the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, waits for whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding (破译) the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became an attempt in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over humans. The ability to communicate with other species without words is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopods’ (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 1.What is the purpose of the Coller Dolittle Challenge described in the first paragraph? A. To inspire more fictional stories about interspecies communication like Doctor Dolittle. B. To fund research that records and identifies the distinct whistles of bottlenose dolphins. C. To promote the study of animal languages by offering an initial prize of $100,000 to a US team. D. To award a team that successfully decodes an animal’s language and receives a response from it. 2.Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A. To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. B. To show its difference from the Challenge. C. To stress its role and value in AI progress. D. To show its use in interspecies communication. 3.Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A. People communicating with their pets. B. Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. C. Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D. People directing sheepdogs during work. 4.What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A. Slow the process. B. Win the prize. C. Make a change. D. Continue the research. 5.What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A. Optimistic. B. Positive. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻评论。文章主要讲述了以Dolittle医生为灵感的跨物种交流科学奖项的设立、特点，以及其引发的道德思考与现实困境。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to talk with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at resolving the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, waits for whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding (破译) the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal.(著名虚构博物学家Dolittle医生以能与动物交谈、理解它们的语言而闻名，如今他启发了一项高额科学奖项，旨在攻克跨物种交流的难题。50万美元的大奖正等待着任何能取得实质性进展的研究团队——不仅要破译另一个物种的语言，还要能用该语言引发动物的回应。)”可知，Coller Dolittle挑战赛的目的是奖励能成功破译某种动物语言并引发其回应的研究团队。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became an attempt in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over humans. The ability to communicate with other species without words is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses.(这项“Coller Dolittle挑战赛”由素食主义者、动物爱好者Jeremy Coller资助，其设计直言不讳地借鉴了图灵测试。这项20世纪的测试推动了设计能模仿人类对话的机器的相关研究，成为人工智能发展史上的一项重要尝试，同时也引发了人们对机器欺骗甚至掌控人类的担忧。随着研究推进，无需语言即可与其他物种交流的能力，可能会引发类似的、令人不安的问题)”可知，文章提及图灵测试是为了说明该挑战赛借鉴了其模式，且图灵测试曾引发对机器的担忧，而跨物种交流研究也可能带来类似顾虑。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.”(哲学家Jonathan Birch同时也是Jeremy Coller中心的评委，他强调，这项挑战赛所关注的跨物种交流，超越了我们与宠物之间、或是农民与牧羊犬之间的沟通模式。伯奇解释说，那些关系涉及信号传递和行为反应，“但这并不能让我们了解动物之间是如何交流的……该奖项的核心是充分理解这种交流方式，从而让我们能够真正加入它们的对话。”)”可知，Jonathan Birch认为该奖项关注的不是人类与宠物、农民与牧羊犬之间的信号传递和行为反应，而是理解动物之间的交流方式并加入它们的对话。故选B。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在语境“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopods’ (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures.(尽管Coller希望他的慈善项目能重塑我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即使是具有开创性的研究，在很大程度上也未能……动物福利的现状。近期关于头足类动物智力的研究，并未阻止人类养殖这类生物的计划。)”可推测，上下文逻辑为Coller希望项目能改变人们对动物的态度，但事实是，即使是突破性研究也未能对动物福利产生实质影响——关于头足类动物智力的研究并未阻止养殖它们的计划。“move the dial”此处引申为“带来实质性变化”。选项C“Make a change.(产生改变)”符合语境，与下文未阻止养殖计划形成呼应。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopods’ (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen.(尽管Coller希望他的慈善项目能重塑我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即使是具有开创性的研究，在很大程度上也未能……动物福利的现状。近期关于头足类动物智力的研究，并未阻止人类养殖这类生物的计划。或许有一天，我们能够理解动物在“说” 什么——但我们是否会倾听，却无从保证。)”可知，作者既客观陈述了科勒的美好愿景，也明确指出突破性研究尚未改变动物福利现状的现实，最后以“我们可能理解动物的语言但未必会倾听”表达了对研究实际效果的审慎态度。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·天津咸水沽第一中学天津市第一百中学·期中）For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave out? As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can we achieve it? For much of human history, we have been presented with two possibilities: pursuing a life of happiness, or a life of meaning. Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their limits. Ask the Danes and Finns, who consistently rank among the happiest people in the world, what their secret is and they’ll tell you this: lower your expectations and be content with what you have. It sounds good, doesn’t it? But it leaves something out. It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort? Then there’s the meaningful life. We often imagine that meaning flows from trying to change the world like Steve Jobs. Once again, the research shows that lowering your sights and focusing on the little things can offer a more achievable sense of meaning. Often people find it in routines like taking care of family, or volunteering in the community. But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning: researchers have found that it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t. My research lab mapped out a third route to fulfillment: psychological richness. A psychologically rich life is one filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change your perspective; a life with twists and turns; a life that feels like a long, winding hike rather than many laps of the same racing circuit. Such experiences can make us tougher. Not only that, embracing the pursuit of psychological richness can make us less likely to regret: it matters less if the thing you did went wrong. Perhaps no one said it better than Eleanor Roosevelt: “The purpose of life, after all, is to live it, to taste experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear .”(363) 1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the author’s professional background and research focus B. To criticize traditional views on happiness C. To present statistical data on life satisfaction D. To compare Eastern and Western philosophies 2.What is revealed about pursuing happiness or meaning? A. Their benefits outweigh the limits. B. They are equally difficult to achieve. C. Both paths have limits despite their benefits. D. Most people prioritize happiness over meaning. 3.What does the example of “a college student” show in paragraph 3? A. Gratitude is essential for a happy life. B. We should live up to others’ expectations. C. Happiness requires academic achievement. D. Life means more than leisure and comfort. 4.What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the pursuit of meaning? A. Its negative effect might weaken social unity in the long run. B. It is more achievable through grand ambitions than small actions. C. Volunteering is the most effective way to gain a sense of meaning. D. People who pursue meaning often neglect their family responsibilities. 5.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To promote Roosevelt’s life philosophy. B. To introduce a new concept of life fulfillment. C. To criticize traditional psychological research. D. To compare different cultural views on happiness. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨“美好生活”的实现路径，在传统的幸福生活、有意义的生活之外，提出“心理富足的生活”这一全新理念并阐释其内涵。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can we achieve it?(作为一名社会心理学家，我将我的研究生涯致力于一个简单但普遍的问题：什么构成了美好的生活，我们如何才能实现它？)”可知，第一段主要介绍了作者的职业背景和研究重点，即探索美好生活的构成及实现方式。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their limits.(这两条道路中的每一条都有其好处，但数十年的心理学研究也揭示了它们的局限性。)”可知，追求幸福或意义的道路，尽管各有好处，但都存在局限性。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort?(这有点像一个大学生只选容易的课程来确保取得好成绩。生活难道不应该比简单的快乐和舒适的安逸更有意义吗？)”可知，作者用“大学生只选易课”的例子，是为了引出后文的反问，说明生活的意义不止于休闲和舒适。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning: researchers have found that it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t.(但追求意义也有其阴暗面：研究人员发现，它会鼓励人们在属于自己群体的人和不属于自己群体的人之间划清界限。)”可知，追求意义可能导致人们划分群体界限，长期来看可能削弱社会凝聚力。故选A项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“My research lab mapped out a third route to fulfillment: psychological richness.(我的研究实验室规划了实现满足感的第三条路径：心理富足。)”及全文围绕传统的两种生活路径展开论述，最终提出“心理富足的生活”这一全新理念可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种新的生活满足感理念。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·天津第五十五中学-11月·期中）So many of us hold on to small resentments from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine whose health isn’t very good recently told me that she hasn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. “Why not?” I asked. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to make contact, she resisted initially and said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” She was literally willing to die before talking to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, he wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn “small stuff” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our prides are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that as you reach out and let others be “right” they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don’t, that’s okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 1.In the sentence “Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us…”, the phrase “reach out” is closest in meaning to _________. A. offer help B. be in pursuit of C. offer an apology D. offer one’s hand 2.According to the passage, the author’s friend never spoke to her son for three years because _________. A. she had got an argument with her daughter-in-law B. she had disagreed about her son’s marriage C. she had got an argument about her daughter-in-law D. she had disliked her son’s wife for many years 3.By telling the story about her mother and son, the author wants us to learn that _________. A. it’s fine to be the first one to apologize B. his friend is very stubborn C. if taking the chance we’ll all win D. pride is more important than happiness 4.Which of the following is NOT the reason for people to be unwilling to apologize first? A. People believe that they are always right. B. People always wait for others to offer an apology first. C. People consider the position more important than happiness. D. People want to get an inner satisfaction. 5.The purpose of the passage is to __________. A. instruct the readers how to apologize B. teach the readers how to gain inner peace C. inform the readers of the importance of being forgiving D. tell the readers to reach out first when there is resentment 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. D　5. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文，我们中的很多人都持有一些怨恨，这些怨恨可能来自于一个争论，一个误解，或者一些其他的痛苦，这篇文章告诉读者，当有痛苦的事情发生时，要先伸出手来握手言和。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。第一段中“So many of us hold on to small resentments from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event.(我们中的许多人都对争吵、误解或其他痛苦事件心存怨恨)”描述人们在争吵或误解后心存怨恨，结合“believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship(相信这是我们能够原谅或重燃友谊或家庭关系的唯一途径)”可知，对别人心存怨恨后能够原谅别人的途径应是让别人道歉，reach out意为“道歉”，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first.(她说她和儿子对他妻子的看法有分歧，除非他先打电话，否则她不会再和他说话)”可知，朋友和她的儿子三年不说话是因为她和儿子因儿媳的事情争吵，故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own.(然而，经过一番温柔的鼓励，她决定第一个伸出手来。令她惊讶的是，她的儿子对她愿意打电话表示感谢，并向她道歉)”可知，朋友主动联系后，她和儿子得以和解，第三段首句“As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, he wins.(通常情况下，当有人抓住机会道歉时，他就赢了)”接着指出当有人先道歉时，他就赢了，因此作者通过朋友的故事想要我们明白做第一个道歉的人没关系，故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us(我们固执地等待着别人向我们道歉)”、第二段中“I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.(我不能这么做。他才是应该道歉的人)”和最后一段中“We start to believe that our prides are more important than our happiness.(我们开始相信我们的骄傲比我们的幸福更重要)”可知，人们不愿先道歉的原因有：固执地等待对方先行动、认为自己是对的以及认为自己的自尊比幸福更重要，故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, he wins.(通常情况下，当有人抓住机会道歉时，他就赢了)”、“The way to be happy is to let go and reach out. Let other people be right.(快乐的方式是放手并伸出手去。让别人是对的)”可知，文章开篇指出人们因小怨恨固执等待对方道歉的问题。通过朋友的故事说明主动“reach out”的积极效果。文章后半部分集中论述：固执于愤怒和“正确”的危害，主动放手和联系（reach out）的价值（带来平静、快乐、改善关系）。核心词“reach out”贯穿全文，因此本文目的是告诉读者当有怨恨的时候先道歉，故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高三上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）We humanists have been defending humanities (人文学科) for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly cutting funding for humanities departments. As a humanist, someone who reads, teaches and researches mainly philosophy and literature, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I don’t know whether the study of humanities promotes democracy (民主) or improves your moral character or enriches your leisure time or improves your critical thinking skills or increases your empathy. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not and cannot be conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it. It may be that humanists need to spend time joining political battles, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, an atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and pretending to know what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight racism or to promote democracy and everyone agrees that racism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy The function of the humanities is to raise the questions about why racism is bad and democracy is good. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. I may not know why it’s important to read Homer and Plato, but I do have a deep love for reading, teaching and pondering the texts. The love is what I want to share with others, as well as the surprise and delight of finding resonance (共鸣). The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 1.What’s the current trend facing humanities departments in universities? A. They are receiving increased funding due to their long history. B. They are experiencing a growth in student interest and political support. C. They are facing budget cuts owing to low enrollment and more scrutiny. D. They are successfully defending themselves against the ongoing crisis. 2.What’s the fundamental nature of the humanistic spirit? A. Its ability to defend itself against funding cuts in college. B. Its proven role in promoting democracy and moral character. C. Its practical value in enriching leisure time and increasing empathy. D. Its core characteristic of being inquisitive and driven by curiosity. 3.What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. contrary. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. identical. 4.How does the author feel about reading works by Homer and Plato? A. He has deep insights into the great significance of reading them. B. He gains immense pleasure in engaging with them. C. He prefers to keep the love for them to himself. D. He thinks they are not as essential as science books. 5.Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. Humanities may not need any defense. B. Science is more useful than humanities. C. The future of humanities remains cloudy. D. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大学人文学科面临的危机、人文学科精神的本质以及作者对人文学科的态度。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly cutting funding for humanities departments.(面对学生兴趣下降和政治审查日益增多的情况，大学越来越多地削减对人文学系的资助)”可知，人文学系正面临着由于入学人数少和审查增多而导致的预算削减。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one.(人文学科的精神本质上是一种求知欲强的精神)”可知，人文学科精神的核心特征是求知欲强，由好奇心驱动。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not and cannot be conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one.(相比之下，对人文学科的辩护不是也不能以一种求知的精神进行，因为防御精神与求知精神是inimical)”可知，防御精神与求知精神是相反的，所以“inimical”意为“相反的”，与“contrary”意思相近。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I may not know why it’s important to read Homer and Plato, but I do have a deep love for reading, teaching and pondering the texts. The love is what I want to share with others, as well as the surprise and delight of finding resonance (共鸣).(我可能不知道为什么读荷马和柏拉图很重要，但我确实热爱阅读、教学和思考这些文本。这种爱是我想与他人分享的，以及发现共鸣的惊喜和喜悦)”可知，作者在阅读荷马和柏拉图的作品时获得了极大的乐趣。故选B。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public - self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.(当我们做自己，当我们让人文精神不仅流入我们的教室，也流入我们的公众自我展示中时，我们发现我们不需要辩护或证明任何事情：我们是不可抗拒的)”可知，作者认为人文学科可能不需要任何辩护。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·天津和平区耀华中学·期中）After nearly a century’s wait, Chinese architect, preservationist and poet Lin Huiyin, who passed away in 1955, was awarded a posthumous Bachelor of Architecture degree by the University of Pennsylvania in May 2024. Lin was among the first Chinese students to study at Penn. She came in 1924 and chose to pursue a degree in fine arts because the university’s architecture program, which she was deeply passionate about, didn’t open its doors to female students until 1934. Back then, there were concerns about women’s ability to work late nights and conduct fieldwork. But Lin finished most of the coursework required for the architecture degree anyway. She completed her studies with outstanding grades and often performed better than her male classmates, but she was still deprived (剥夺) of the architecture diploma. After graduating from Penn, Lin returned to China and worked to preserve ancient architectural treasures. Along with her husband Liang Sicheng, she devoted herself to documenting old structures for many years. This led to her discovery of the main hall of the Foguang Temple in Shanxi in 1937. She also helped design China’s national emblem (国徽) and the Monument to the People’s Heroes. Her efforts continue to inspire generations of people in China and beyond. Awarding Lin a degree in architecture is a great step towards addressing historical injustice faced by women. Fritz Steiner, dean of Penn’s Weitzman School of Design, says that excluding Lin and other female students of her time from the architecture program “was not right.” “All the men from China received full scholarships and Lin got half of one. She was the only woman and the only student who wasn’t allowed to get an architecture degree,” says Steiner. “But she earned that degree.” In this move, the university is taking the right step in recognizing the achievements of its female alumni. Meanwhile, the diploma serves as a reminder that Lin was a distinguished architect. At present, she is better known for her poems and her romantic stories. There is the belief that Lin came to Penn because she wanted to accompany her future husband. Records, however, show that Lin was occupied with her own studies since she needed to graduate in three years. Social norms (准则) of the early 20th century restricted Lin’s professional pursuits and created biased (有偏见的) perception of her, but she responded by producing extraordinary achievements in school and beyond. Describing her as an architect shows our respect for her determination in this field and her contributions to society. Lin herself wanted to be remembered as an architect, as was carved on her grave: “Architect Lin Huiyin”. When looking at the lives of Lin and other female professionals, we must keep in mind the challenges they faced throughout their careers accepting their public characterizations, we need to learn and celebrate the ways in which they wished to be defined. 1.What can be inferred from the fact that Lin Huiyin studied at Penn? A. She did better than her classmates but didn’t get a degree. B. She studied more courses than she should have and performed well. C. The university had a strict policy for international students’ duration of study. D. Her primary goal was to return to China to assist her husband as soon as possible. 2.Lin’s contributions to the national emblem and the monument were mentioned primarily to ________. A. contrast her practical achievements with her poetic sensibility B. highlight the collaborative nature of her work with her husband C. provide concrete evidence of her architectural capabilities and impact D. demonstrate the superiority of her later work over her academic records 3.What can be inferred from Fritz Steiner’s comments about Lin Huiyin? A. Lin’s academic performance justified her qualification for her degree. B. The university has been slow to correct its past discriminatory practices. C. Lin received more financial support than other Chinese students at Penn. D. Female students at Penn now receive equal opportunities in architecture. 4.Regarding the historical bias against women, the author’s attitude towards the University of Pennsylvania’s recent action can best be described as ________. A. cautious comments on its symbolic value in correcting a past wrong B. strong criticism for its delay and the inadequacy of the gesture C. unbiased analysis of its procedural fairness and institutional motives D. wholehearted approval for finally establishing historical truth 5.What broader insight can be most probably developed from Lin Huiyin’s story? A. Defining a person often involves challenging social norms of one’s era. B. Personal relationships often overshadowed women’s professional achievements. C. Architectural education was exceptionally restrictive for women in the past. D. Symbolic gestures are the primary way to address historical academic injustices. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了在近乎一个世纪的等待后，宾夕法尼亚大学向林徽因颁发迟到的建筑学学士学位。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She came in 1924 and chose to pursue a degree in fine arts because the university’s architecture program, which she was deeply passionate about, didn’t open its doors to female students until 1934.(她于1924年来到宾夕法尼亚大学，选择攻读美术学位，因为她深爱的大学建筑专业直到1934年才向女生开放。)”和“But Lin finished most of the coursework required for the architecture degree anyway. She completed her studies with outstanding grades and often performed better than her male classmates, but she was still deprived (剥夺) of the architecture diploma.(但林还是完成了建筑学学位所需的大部分课程。她以优异的成绩完成了学业，成绩往往比男同学好，但她仍然未被授予建筑学文凭。)”可知，林徽因攻读的是美术学位，但她依然完成了建筑学学位所需的大部分课程，并且成绩优异，由此可推测出，她学习的课程超过了本专业范围，并且表现优异。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She also helped design China’s national emblem (国徽) and the Monument to the People’s Heroes. Her efforts continue to inspire generations of people in China and beyond.(她还帮助设计了中国国徽和人民英雄纪念碑。她的努力继续激励着中国和世界各地的几代人。)”可知，林徽因在建筑上的努力具有深远的影响，提及国徽和人民英雄纪念碑的设计贡献是为了提供她建筑能力的实证。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的““All the men from China received full scholarships and Lin got half of one. She was the only woman and the only student who wasn’t allowed to get an architecture degree,” says Steiner. “But she earned that degree.” (“所有来自中国的男性都获得了全额奖学金，而林获得了一半的奖学金。她是唯一一位不允许获得建筑学学位的女性和学生。”Steiner说。“但她获得了这个学位。”)”可知，林徽因获得了奖学金，说明她学习优秀，虽然她曾经未被授予建筑学学位，但现在她获得了这个学位，强调林徽因的实力得到承认，也就是说林徽因的学术表现证明了她有资格获得该学位。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Awarding Lin a degree in architecture is a great step towards addressing historical injustice faced by women.(授予林建筑学学位是解决女性面临的历史不公正问题的重要一步。)”和“In this move, the university is taking the right step in recognizing the achievements of its female alumni.(在这一举措中，该大学在承认女性校友的成就方面迈出了正确的一步。)”可知，作者在评价宾夕法尼亚大学授予林徽因建筑学学位这一事情时，使用了a great step和taking the right step这种正面、肯定的措辞，说明作者完全赞同这一纠正历史错误的行动。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Social norms (准则) of the early 20th century restricted Lin’s professional pursuits and created biased (有偏见的) perception of her, but she responded by producing extraordinary achievements in school and beyond. Describing her as an architect shows our respect for her determination in this field and her contributions to society. Lin herself wanted to be remembered as an architect, as was carved on her grave: “Architect Lin Huiyin”.(20世纪初的社会准则限制了林的职业追求，并对她产生了偏见，但她的回应是在学校内外取得非凡的成就。将她描述为建筑师，表明我们尊重她在这一领域的决心和对社会的贡献。林本人希望作为一名建筑师被人们铭记，正如她的坟墓上刻着的那样：“建筑师林徽因”。)”并结合全文内容可知，林徽因突破20世纪初性别规范，最终以建筑师身份被铭记，由此可推测出，定义一个人通常要挑战其所处时代的社会准则。故选A。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·天津和平区耀华中学·期中）In your pursuit of happiness, you might find yourself working hard for achievements — believing that reaching specific goals will bring you joy and fulfillment. However, there is a great difference between achievement and fulfillment. While achievements are external markers of success, fulfillment takes its origin from a sense of purpose and contentment within ourselves. How can you feel more fulfilled and happier? There was a famous stand-up comedian who achieved a lot on stage, with a hit TV show, several hit movies — as well as winning an Academy Award for Best Actor. He had a hugely successful career and achieved great things. Yet, beneath the surface, Robin Williams battled with depression and feelings of deep loneliness. He often spoke openly about his struggles. He likened his mind to a crowded circus, where the laughter of others drowned out his own cries for help. Despite all his achievements, Williams never seemed to be fulfilled. His inner struggles got the best of him as he ended up taking his own life. This tragic story reminds us that achievement alone does not lead to happiness. Achievement is the tangible outcome of your efforts when you reach a specific goal. It can be a promotion at work, winning a competition, or acquiring material possessions. These often come with recognition and praise from others. While achievements can bring short-term happiness, they’re not without limitations. External markers of success may lose their significance over time, leaving you longing for the next achievement. The constant pursuit of achievements can become an endless cycle, leading to burnout. Fulfillment, on the other hand, is an internal state of satisfaction. It arises from your actions corresponding to your values, passions, and sense of purpose. It is not dependent on external acceptance or achievements. It’s an ongoing process of finding meaning and joy in everyday experiences, relationships, and your personal growth. Achievement and fulfillment are not mutually exclusive, though. In fact, they can be best friends and complement each other. What you need to do is strike a balance between achievement and fulfillment. It’s essential to set meaningful goals that are in line with your values and contribute to your sense of purpose. However, you must also cultivate a mindset that: values the present moment and finds joy in the process, rather than focus on the end result. By embracing both achievement and fulfillment, you create a more fulfilling life. 1.The author mentioned the tragic story of Robin Williams to reveal that ________. A. great success can lead to loneliness B. achievements aren’t equivalent to happiness C. depression symptoms are hard for others to identify D. comedians always sacrifice their own happiness to bring their audience joy 2.Fulfillment primarily originates from ________. A. acquiring material possessions B. pursuing endless achievements C. following personal values and purpose D. winning external recognition and praise 3.What is the relationship between achievement and fulfillment? A. Either one is acquired at the cost of the other. B. Achievements are the original source of fulfillment. C. Achievements alone guarantee long-term happiness. D. The two support each other in creating a fulfilling life. 4.What is the author’s intended message in discussing the “limitations of achievements”? A. External success inevitably leads to the disappearance of personal joy. B. Sustainable happiness requires going beyond external recognition. C. Achievements should be abandoned to avoid lifelong dissatisfaction. D. Material possessions are meaningless without public acknowledgment. 5.Which of the following people might lead a fulfilling life? A. Jack, who often skips classes as he can’t follow what the teachers teach. B. Emma, who does what she loves and constantly finds beauty in her life. C. Lucy, who is dedicated to work and rarely consider what she truly enjoys. D. Jimmy, who got promoted recently but still feels something missing in his life. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了成就与满足感的区别和联系。只有外在的成就并不会幸福，当外在的成就和内在的满足感达到平衡时，你就能拥有更满足的生活。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。第三、四段讲述了罗宾·威廉姆斯的例子，尽管他取得了巨大成就，却因抑郁和孤独最终自杀。第五段进行评价“This tragic story reminds us that achievement alone does not lead to happiness.(这个悲剧故事提醒我们，仅仅取得成就并不能带来幸福。)”，由此可推测，作者举罗宾·威廉姆斯的例子是为了证明成就本身不等于幸福。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Fulfillment, on the other hand, is an internal state of satisfaction. It arises from your actions corresponding to your values, passions, and sense of purpose.(另一方面，满足感是一种内在的满足状态。它源于你与价值观、激情和目标感相对应的行为。)”可知，满足感是内在的状态，源于遵从个人价值观和目标。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, they can be best friends and complement each other. What you need to do is strike a balance between achievement and fulfillment.(事实上，它们可以成为最好的朋友，相辅相成。你需要做的是在成就和满足感之间取得平衡。)”和“By embracing both achievement and fulfillment, you create a more fulfilling life.(通过拥抱成就和满足，你创造一个更满足的生活。)”可知，成就和满足感相辅相成，当在二者之前取得平衡，就可以创造一个更满足的生活。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第七段“While achievements can bring short-term happiness, they’re not without limitations. External markers of success may lose their significance over time, leaving you longing for the next achievement. The constant pursuit of achievements can become an endless cycle, leading to burnout.(虽然成就可以带来短期的快乐，但它们并非没有局限性。随着时间的推移，成功的外部标志可能会失去意义，让你渴望下一个成就。对成就的不断追求可能会变成一个无休止的循环，导致倦怠。)”可知，成就具有局限性，它可以带来短暂的快乐，容易引发倦怠。下一段“Fulfillment, on the other hand, is an internal state of satisfaction. It arises from your actions corresponding to your values, passions, and sense of purpose. It is not dependent on external acceptance or achievements. It’s an ongoing process of finding meaning and joy in everyday experiences, relationships, and your personal growth.(另一方面，满足感是一种内在的满足状态。它源于你与价值观、激情和目标感相对应的行为。它不依赖于外部的认可或成就。这是一个在日常经历、人际关系和个人成长中寻找意义和快乐的持续过程。)”接着讲述了满足感是内在的满足状态，它不依赖于外部认可或成就，能够持续获得意义和快乐。由此可推测，作者指出成就的局限性，旨在强调持久幸福需超越外部认可，转向内在满足感。故选B。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It’s essential to set meaningful goals that are in line with your values and contribute to your sense of purpose. However, you must also cultivate a mindset that: values the present moment and finds joy in the process, rather than focus on the end result. By embracing both achievement and fulfillment, you create a more fulfilling life.(设定符合你的价值观并对你的目标感有益的有意义的目标是至关重要的。然而，你也必须培养一种心态：珍惜当下，在过程中找到快乐，而不是专注于最终结果。通过拥抱成就和满足，你创造一个更满足的生活。)”可知，要想创造一个满足的生活，需要拥抱成就和满足，设定符合自己价值观和目标感的目标，并且在实现过程中寻找快乐，由此可推测，艾玛做自己喜欢的事符合自己的价值观，在生活中不断发现美体现其寻找生活中的快乐。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高三上·天津第四十五中学·期中）When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss. Our age, what we might call the age of economics, is strongly influenced by two types of relationships that reflect the lives we are encouraged to lead. There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And there are entrepreneurial (商业的) relationships, those that we invest in, hoping they will bring us some return. Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “It is not for their character that men love ready-witted people, but because they find them pleasant.” About the usefulness friendships, he said, “Those who love each other for their utility (效用) do not love each other for themselves, but because of some good which they get from each other.” Although we benefit from our close friendships, these friendships are not a matter of calculable gain and loss. Consumer pleasures are lasting for only a limited time. They surround us for a short period and then they fade, like a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads to the victory of personal gain. It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的). Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. Shared experience, not just everyday amusement or advancement, is the true basis of friendship. 1.The author mentions his operation in the first paragraph to ______. A. recall one of his best friends B. advise people to visit sick friends C. introduce the topic of true friendship D. talk about the experience of surgery 2.Consumer relationships center on ______. A. the sharing of joy and sorrow B. mutual support in times of trouble C. personal gain or personal loss D. immediate pleasure 3.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument by ______. A. explaining three types of friendship B. discussing questions C. analyzing causes and effects D. providing examples and facts 4.The author seems to support the idea that ______. A. friendships are a matter of calculable gain or loss B. there are no specific reasons for friendship C. short-term pleasure is the center of friendship D. everyday amusement is the true basis of friendship 5.The best title for the text would be ______. A. Friendship in Modern Times B. Friendship in Economic Recession C. Friendship in the Age of Economics D. Friendship in a Fast Paced Life 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·天津第四十五中学·期中）When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate? Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long term. They will also experience fear. Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they associate you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership. The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work days, or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation. Today’s work place is all about relationships. Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they are recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor in the work life of most people. The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence — knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills. 1.According to the passage, forcing others to do things might lead to ________. A. short-term cooperation and long-term trust B. immediate efficiency and lasting motivation C. temporary obedience and long-term negative feelings D. rapid task completion and improved relationships 2.An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when ________. A. he is forced to do things B. he cannot work at his best C. he feels his brain shut down D. he thinks of his work as too heavy 3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. People tend to associate leadership with fear. B. Working conditions affect people’s physical health. C. Good relationship is the key to business success. D. Smart people are more functional in the work place. 4.To positively influence employees a leader should first of all ________. A. provide better suggestions B. develop his own personality C. give his employees a pay raise D. hide his own emotion of fear 5.Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to ________. A. provide a variety of projects for employees B. help raise employee’s living standards C. give employees specific instructions D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高三上·天津第一〇二中学-11月·期中）Have you ever found that those so-called classical literature is actually boring and wordy? Have you ever been employed to read such works with total reluctance and unwillingness? However, these works, when published, suddenly became a hit all around the world, and won a large number of followers. Why here exists the huge distinction between their venerable fames and your natural judgement? The answer lies not in the works themselves, but in the mismatch between readers’ expectations and the historical context in which these texts were created. Classics reflect the language, values, and concerns of their own time, which can feel distant or irrelevant to modern readers. Long-winded descriptions, unfamiliar social customs, and archaic sentence structures can be barriers to engagement. However, labeling them as boring overlooks the lasting human truths they contain — truths that have resonated for generations. One key reason we struggle to connect with classical literature is that these works explore deep emotions and moral dilemmas — love, guilt, ambition, loss — that resonate most when we’ve lived through similar experiences ourselves. It is difficult to appreciate Shakespeare’s meditation on mortality in Hamlet until we have lost someone we love; it is hard to understand Jane Eyre’s moral independence without having struggled with our own identity. These books don’t lack meaning — we simply haven’t grown into them yet. Like a child who cannot fully grasp the complexities of adult life, an inexperienced reader may fail to see the emotional depth of classic literature. That’s why the same book can feel entirely different when read at different stages of life. A passage that once seemed dull may suddenly feel profound. A character’s decision that once seemed irrational may now appear deeply human. Classics don’t change — but we do. Our growth brings new insights into old texts. More importantly, literature helps us practice empathy. By stepping into the shoes of people from different times, cultures, and social classes, we broaden our emotional perspectives. We are exposed to ways of thinking and feeling that may be unfamiliar but are essential to understanding the human experience. So perhaps the problem is not with the books, but with how we approach them. Some books ask us to slow down, think harder, and feel deeper. That is not a flaw (缺点) — it is their strength. And as we gain more life experience, these works reveal their beauty, wisdom, and relevance. Through them, we don’t just understand literature — we come to understand others, and ultimately, ourselves. 1.What is the main reason the author suggests modern readers may struggle with classical literature? A. Classical literature uses outdated vocabulary B. Classical works reflect values and concerns from a different historical context C. Modern readers lack interest in older texts D. Classical works are too short to engage with deeply 2.According to the article, why might a young reader find Hamlet or Jane Eyre difficult to relate to? A. They carry many special designs of plots B. They have not yet experienced similar emotions C. They have little empathetic ability D. The characters are too unrealistic 3.What is the primary purpose of literature, as described in the article? A. To entertain readers with exciting plots B. To expose readers to different historical periods C. To help readers practice empathy and understand others D. To teach readers about the complexities of life 4.What is the central argument of the article? A. Classical literature is irrelevant to modern readers B. We should approach classical works with openness and patience C. Modern literature is superior to classical literature D. Some classical literature should be rewritten for modern readers 5.Which of the following best summarizes the article’s view on classical literature? A. Classical literature is outdated and should be replaced by modern works B. Modern readers should learn to read classical literature carefully C. Classical literature is useful for academic study and personal growth D. Classical works have their necessary values behind 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·天津第四十七中学·期中）Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to talk with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at resolving the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, waits for whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding (破译) the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became an attempt in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over humans. The ability to communicate with other species without words is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopods’ (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 1.What is the purpose of the Coller Dolittle Challenge described in the first paragraph? A. To inspire more fictional stories about interspecies communication like Doctor Dolittle. B. To fund research that records and identifies the distinct whistles of bottlenose dolphins. C. To promote the study of animal languages by offering an initial prize of $100,000 to a US team. D. To award a team that successfully decodes an animal’s language and receives a response from it. 2.Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A. To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. B. To show its difference from the Challenge. C. To stress its role and value in AI progress. D. To show its use in interspecies communication. 3.Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A. People communicating with their pets. B. Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. C. Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D. People directing sheepdogs during work. 4.What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A. Slow the process. B. Win the prize. C. Make a change. D. Continue the research. 5.What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A. Optimistic. B. Positive. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·天津咸水沽第一中学天津市第一百中学·期中）For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave out? As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can we achieve it? For much of human history, we have been presented with two possibilities: pursuing a life of happiness, or a life of meaning. Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their limits. Ask the Danes and Finns, who consistently rank among the happiest people in the world, what their secret is and they’ll tell you this: lower your expectations and be content with what you have. It sounds good, doesn’t it? But it leaves something out. It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort? Then there’s the meaningful life. We often imagine that meaning flows from trying to change the world like Steve Jobs. Once again, the research shows that lowering your sights and focusing on the little things can offer a more achievable sense of meaning. Often people find it in routines like taking care of family, or volunteering in the community. But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning: researchers have found that it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t. My research lab mapped out a third route to fulfillment: psychological richness. A psychologically rich life is one filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change your perspective; a life with twists and turns; a life that feels like a long, winding hike rather than many laps of the same racing circuit. Such experiences can make us tougher. Not only that, embracing the pursuit of psychological richness can make us less likely to regret: it matters less if the thing you did went wrong. Perhaps no one said it better than Eleanor Roosevelt: “The purpose of life, after all, is to live it, to taste experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear .”(363) 1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the author’s professional background and research focus B. To criticize traditional views on happiness C. To present statistical data on life satisfaction D. To compare Eastern and Western philosophies 2.What is revealed about pursuing happiness or meaning? A. Their benefits outweigh the limits. B. They are equally difficult to achieve. C. Both paths have limits despite their benefits. D. Most people prioritize happiness over meaning. 3.What does the example of “a college student” show in paragraph 3? A. Gratitude is essential for a happy life. B. We should live up to others’ expectations. C. Happiness requires academic achievement. D. Life means more than leisure and comfort. 4.What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the pursuit of meaning? A. Its negative effect might weaken social unity in the long run. B. It is more achievable through grand ambitions than small actions. C. Volunteering is the most effective way to gain a sense of meaning. D. People who pursue meaning often neglect their family responsibilities. 5.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To promote Roosevelt’s life philosophy. B. To introduce a new concept of life fulfillment. C. To criticize traditional psychological research. D. To compare different cultural views on happiness. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·天津第五十五中学-11月·期中）So many of us hold on to small resentments from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine whose health isn’t very good recently told me that she hasn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. “Why not?” I asked. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to make contact, she resisted initially and said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” She was literally willing to die before talking to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, he wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn “small stuff” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our prides are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that as you reach out and let others be “right” they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don’t, that’s okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 1.In the sentence “Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us…”, the phrase “reach out” is closest in meaning to _________. A. offer help B. be in pursuit of C. offer an apology D. offer one’s hand 2.According to the passage, the author’s friend never spoke to her son for three years because _________. A. she had got an argument with her daughter-in-law B. she had disagreed about her son’s marriage C. she had got an argument about her daughter-in-law D. she had disliked her son’s wife for many years 3.By telling the story about her mother and son, the author wants us to learn that _________. A. it’s fine to be the first one to apologize B. his friend is very stubborn C. if taking the chance we’ll all win D. pride is more important than happiness 4.Which of the following is NOT the reason for people to be unwilling to apologize first? A. People believe that they are always right. B. People always wait for others to offer an apology first. C. People consider the position more important than happiness. D. People want to get an inner satisfaction. 5.The purpose of the passage is to __________. A. instruct the readers how to apologize B. teach the readers how to gain inner peace C. inform the readers of the importance of being forgiving D. tell the readers to reach out first when there is resentment 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高三上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）We humanists have been defending humanities (人文学科) for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly cutting funding for humanities departments. As a humanist, someone who reads, teaches and researches mainly philosophy and literature, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I don’t know whether the study of humanities promotes democracy (民主) or improves your moral character or enriches your leisure time or improves your critical thinking skills or increases your empathy. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not and cannot be conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it. It may be that humanists need to spend time joining political battles, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, an atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and pretending to know what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight racism or to promote democracy and everyone agrees that racism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy The function of the humanities is to raise the questions about why racism is bad and democracy is good. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. I may not know why it’s important to read Homer and Plato, but I do have a deep love for reading, teaching and pondering the texts. The love is what I want to share with others, as well as the surprise and delight of finding resonance (共鸣). The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 1.What’s the current trend facing humanities departments in universities? A. They are receiving increased funding due to their long history. B. They are experiencing a growth in student interest and political support. C. They are facing budget cuts owing to low enrollment and more scrutiny. D. They are successfully defending themselves against the ongoing crisis. 2.What’s the fundamental nature of the humanistic spirit? A. Its ability to defend itself against funding cuts in college. B. Its proven role in promoting democracy and moral character. C. Its practical value in enriching leisure time and increasing empathy. D. Its core characteristic of being inquisitive and driven by curiosity. 3.What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. contrary. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. identical. 4.How does the author feel about reading works by Homer and Plato? A. He has deep insights into the great significance of reading them. B. He gains immense pleasure in engaging with them. C. He prefers to keep the love for them to himself. D. He thinks they are not as essential as science books. 5.Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. Humanities may not need any defense. B. Science is more useful than humanities. C. The future of humanities remains cloudy. D. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·天津和平区耀华中学·期中）After nearly a century’s wait, Chinese architect, preservationist and poet Lin Huiyin, who passed away in 1955, was awarded a posthumous Bachelor of Architecture degree by the University of Pennsylvania in May 2024. Lin was among the first Chinese students to study at Penn. She came in 1924 and chose to pursue a degree in fine arts because the university’s architecture program, which she was deeply passionate about, didn’t open its doors to female students until 1934. Back then, there were concerns about women’s ability to work late nights and conduct fieldwork. But Lin finished most of the coursework required for the architecture degree anyway. She completed her studies with outstanding grades and often performed better than her male classmates, but she was still deprived (剥夺) of the architecture diploma. After graduating from Penn, Lin returned to China and worked to preserve ancient architectural treasures. Along with her husband Liang Sicheng, she devoted herself to documenting old structures for many years. This led to her discovery of the main hall of the Foguang Temple in Shanxi in 1937. She also helped design China’s national emblem (国徽) and the Monument to the People’s Heroes. Her efforts continue to inspire generations of people in China and beyond. Awarding Lin a degree in architecture is a great step towards addressing historical injustice faced by women. Fritz Steiner, dean of Penn’s Weitzman School of Design, says that excluding Lin and other female students of her time from the architecture program “was not right.” “All the men from China received full scholarships and Lin got half of one. She was the only woman and the only student who wasn’t allowed to get an architecture degree,” says Steiner. “But she earned that degree.” In this move, the university is taking the right step in recognizing the achievements of its female alumni. Meanwhile, the diploma serves as a reminder that Lin was a distinguished architect. At present, she is better known for her poems and her romantic stories. There is the belief that Lin came to Penn because she wanted to accompany her future husband. Records, however, show that Lin was occupied with her own studies since she needed to graduate in three years. Social norms (准则) of the early 20th century restricted Lin’s professional pursuits and created biased (有偏见的) perception of her, but she responded by producing extraordinary achievements in school and beyond. Describing her as an architect shows our respect for her determination in this field and her contributions to society. Lin herself wanted to be remembered as an architect, as was carved on her grave: “Architect Lin Huiyin”. When looking at the lives of Lin and other female professionals, we must keep in mind the challenges they faced throughout their careers accepting their public characterizations, we need to learn and celebrate the ways in which they wished to be defined. 1.What can be inferred from the fact that Lin Huiyin studied at Penn? A. She did better than her classmates but didn’t get a degree. B. She studied more courses than she should have and performed well. C. The university had a strict policy for international students’ duration of study. D. Her primary goal was to return to China to assist her husband as soon as possible. 2.Lin’s contributions to the national emblem and the monument were mentioned primarily to ________. A. contrast her practical achievements with her poetic sensibility B. highlight the collaborative nature of her work with her husband C. provide concrete evidence of her architectural capabilities and impact D. demonstrate the superiority of her later work over her academic records 3.What can be inferred from Fritz Steiner’s comments about Lin Huiyin? A. Lin’s academic performance justified her qualification for her degree. B. The university has been slow to correct its past discriminatory practices. C. Lin received more financial support than other Chinese students at Penn. D. Female students at Penn now receive equal opportunities in architecture. 4.Regarding the historical bias against women, the author’s attitude towards the University of Pennsylvania’s recent action can best be described as ________. A. cautious comments on its symbolic value in correcting a past wrong B. strong criticism for its delay and the inadequacy of the gesture C. unbiased analysis of its procedural fairness and institutional motives D. wholehearted approval for finally establishing historical truth 5.What broader insight can be most probably developed from Lin Huiyin’s story? A. Defining a person often involves challenging social norms of one’s era. B. Personal relationships often overshadowed women’s professional achievements. C. Architectural education was exceptionally restrictive for women in the past. D. Symbolic gestures are the primary way to address historical academic injustices. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高三上·天津和平区耀华中学·期中）In your pursuit of happiness, you might find yourself working hard for achievements — believing that reaching specific goals will bring you joy and fulfillment. However, there is a great difference between achievement and fulfillment. While achievements are external markers of success, fulfillment takes its origin from a sense of purpose and contentment within ourselves. How can you feel more fulfilled and happier? There was a famous stand-up comedian who achieved a lot on stage, with a hit TV show, several hit movies — as well as winning an Academy Award for Best Actor. He had a hugely successful career and achieved great things. Yet, beneath the surface, Robin Williams battled with depression and feelings of deep loneliness. He often spoke openly about his struggles. He likened his mind to a crowded circus, where the laughter of others drowned out his own cries for help. Despite all his achievements, Williams never seemed to be fulfilled. His inner struggles got the best of him as he ended up taking his own life. This tragic story reminds us that achievement alone does not lead to happiness. Achievement is the tangible outcome of your efforts when you reach a specific goal. It can be a promotion at work, winning a competition, or acquiring material possessions. These often come with recognition and praise from others. While achievements can bring short-term happiness, they’re not without limitations. External markers of success may lose their significance over time, leaving you longing for the next achievement. The constant pursuit of achievements can become an endless cycle, leading to burnout. Fulfillment, on the other hand, is an internal state of satisfaction. It arises from your actions corresponding to your values, passions, and sense of purpose. It is not dependent on external acceptance or achievements. It’s an ongoing process of finding meaning and joy in everyday experiences, relationships, and your personal growth. Achievement and fulfillment are not mutually exclusive, though. In fact, they can be best friends and complement each other. What you need to do is strike a balance between achievement and fulfillment. It’s essential to set meaningful goals that are in line with your values and contribute to your sense of purpose. However, you must also cultivate a mindset that: values the present moment and finds joy in the process, rather than focus on the end result. By embracing both achievement and fulfillment, you create a more fulfilling life. 1.The author mentioned the tragic story of Robin Williams to reveal that ________. A. great success can lead to loneliness B. achievements aren’t equivalent to happiness C. depression symptoms are hard for others to identify D. comedians always sacrifice their own happiness to bring their audience joy 2.Fulfillment primarily originates from ________. A. acquiring material possessions B. pursuing endless achievements C. following personal values and purpose D. winning external recognition and praise 3.What is the relationship between achievement and fulfillment? A. Either one is acquired at the cost of the other. B. Achievements are the original source of fulfillment. C. Achievements alone guarantee long-term happiness. D. The two support each other in creating a fulfilling life. 4.What is the author’s intended message in discussing the “limitations of achievements”? A. External success inevitably leads to the disappearance of personal joy. B. Sustainable happiness requires going beyond external recognition. C. Achievements should be abandoned to avoid lifelong dissatisfaction. D. Material possessions are meaningless without public acknowledgment. 5.Which of the following people might lead a fulfilling life? A. Jack, who often skips classes as he can’t follow what the teachers teach. B. Emma, who does what she loves and constantly finds beauty in her life. C. Lucy, who is dedicated to work and rarely consider what she truly enjoys. D. Jimmy, who got promoted recently but still feels something missing in his life. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学科网 www.zxxk.com 专题05阅读理解（议论文 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.C 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.B5.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C5.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D5.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A 1/2 让教与学更高效 +新闻报道) 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.B5.B 2/2