专题03 阅读理解（记叙文）（期中真题汇编，广西专用）高二英语上学期

**基本信息** 高二上学期期中阅读理解（记叙文）专题汇编，精选广西多地区期中试题，涵盖人与社会、自我、自然三大主题语境，以真实生活故事和人文案例为载体，突出语言能力与思维品质培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（记叙文）|多篇（每篇4题）|细节理解（如骑行夫妇返程方式）、推理判断（如Payne性格推断）、词义猜测（如“embarking on”）、主旨大意（如最佳标题选择）|情境真实（如Rita用积木建坡道）、问题梯度（基础题到综合题）、贴近真题趋势（注重人文关怀与跨文化理解）|

专题03 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广西南宁“4+N”联盟学校·期中）A couple Peter and Chris in their 60s have travelled 12,000 miles across 16 countries from Britain to China — riding their bikes the entire way. They stepped on the long journey after deciding to “do something a bit different”. They traversed (横穿) cities, deserts, mountains and everything in between across Europe, the Middle East and the East Asia. The married couple of 37 years enjoyed themselves with delicious local food and spent most nights inside a tiny tent put up wherever they could find a shelter. Peter, 66, said the moment they finally had a look at the famous Great Wall after a year and a half of cycling 30 miles a day was “really exciting”. At the journey, the special pair didn’t fly home but instead chose to book a cabin (舱) inside a 400-meter-long container ship. The final part was a three-week voyage from Singapore across the Indian Ocean and into the Mediterranean Sea before arriving at Southampton. “You never know what the day is going to bring. All you know is that you are going to get on your bike and cycle. Every day is an adventure and every day is new. Overall, the experience is absolutely unbelievable,” Peter said. In the beginning Peter and Chris set out to cycle from Britain in January 2017 but were forced home. They had cycled all the way to Hungary when Peter slipped on tiles (瓷砖) and broke his leg. After seven months of recovery, the couple set out again in Britain. They finally arrived in China in November 2018. Both Peter and Chris agreed that the best part of the entire trip was coming across the kindness of strangers along the way, many of whom invited the couple for food and drink. Chris, 64, said, “It was a wonderful experience, especially wonderful because of the amazing people we met along the way.” 1.What’s the couple’s purpose of taking the long journey? A. To break the world record. B. To try something new. C. To go across 16 countries by bike. D. To celebrate their 37-year marriage. 2.How did the couple go back to their home after the trip to China? A. By plane. B. By train. C. By bike. D. By sea. 3.Why did the couple put off their trip in 2017? A. They used up the money. B. Peter had an accident. C. They met with a heavy snow. D. Peter fell ill suddenly in Hungary. 4.What’s the best part of the trip for the couple? A. The beautiful scenes. B. The delicious food and drink. C. The help from strangers. D. The kindness from their group. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市十二县中学·期中）Ibby Piracha, who was a deaf-mute (聋哑人) since he was young, adjusted his glasses as he approached the counter in a coffee shop. His fingers tapped lightly on the surface of the counter—his usual way to signal his presence. Then the waiter with the silver name tag (标牌), Krystal Payne, suddenly stepped back from the coffee machine and reached into a box. Payne pulled out a piece of receipt paper, wrote something, and then folded it into three parts, sliding it across the counter to Ibby. Ibby’s breath caught as he unfolded the paper, his fingertips touching the letters: I have been learning American Sign Language, so you can have the same experience as everyone else. Behind the counter, Payne had been quietly watching. She saw Ibby’s eyebrows lift in surprise as he swallowed (做吞咽动作) with effort. Then, a real, genuine smile spread across his face, one that reached all the way to his crinkled brown eyes, the same way his mother used to smile when she’d surprise him with his favorite comic book. He carefully smoothed out the paper, as if it was something very fragile and precious. Then she signed to ask him what he would like to order. The words she expressed with sign language were slightly messy at the end — you could tell she had been practicing—but each letter stood proudly on the note. Then, he slowly and carefully expressed himself and then slid his order card under it. Payne’s gesture was especially meaningful given the challenges faced by the deaf community. A recent study showed that 67% of deaf people experience negative treatment due to their condition, even often from those closest to them. But in this quiet coffee shop, with the sound of the coffee machine in the background, Payne had created a moment of true connection and bridged the widest gaps with the simplest acts. 1.Why did Ibby tap lightly on the counter? A. To convey his impatience. B. To practice his sign language. C. To draw the waiter’s attention. D. To check if the waiter was there. 2.How did Ibby feel when reading the note from Payne? A. Confused and curious. B. Amazed and touched. C. Amused and relaxed. D. Embarrassed and tense. 3.What can we learn about Payne? A. She was a close friend of Ibby’s family. B. She prepared the note in advance for Ibby. C. She had been trained in sign language for years. D. She tried to communicate with Ibby in his way. 4.Which of the following can best describe Payne? A. Caring and considerate. B. Independent and strict. C. Open-minded and calm. D. Strong-willed and honest. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西贵港市·期中）Living in Hanau, Germany, 67-year-old Rita Ebel, who uses a wheelchair for most of her mobility, discovered that many local businesses were not accessible after her accident. The common response from shop owners was that she could simply knock on the door for assistance. However, Rita knew that for someone like her, who values independence, this was not a practical solution. Taking initiative, Rita decided to create her own wheelchair ramps (坡道), but with a creative twist. Instead of traditional materials, she began constructing ramps using colorful toy bricks. However, as she started her project, she quickly realized that acquiring enough bricks was a challenge in itself. Many people hold onto their brick collections with fondness. Furthermore, she found that most available sets were not suited for her ram p designs. In a moment of helplessness, she reached out on social media for assistance. To her delight, the response was overwhelming. “My first donor asked how many pieces of bricks I would need to finish my very first ramp,” she shared. After estimating that she might need around 1,000 pieces, she was thrilled when he arrived with two large boxes of toy bricks. Since embarking on this heartwarming effort in 2019, Rita has built numerous ramps, earning her the lovely title of “Brick Oma”, or “Brick Grandma”. Her colorful creations have transformed shops across Hanau, including sweet shops and grocery stores, making them more accessible, one brick at a time. The colorful ramps also serve as a helpful visual cue for those with low vision, signaling an incline (倾斜) ahead. Building a ram p typically takes Rita just three to four hours, and as donations continue to pour in, she is grateful for the support. Her landlord even provided her with extra space to store the growing brick collection. Rita Ebel’s journey is a beautiful reminder of the power of community, creativity, and the firm spirit to uplift others. Through her colorful brick ramps, she is not only paving the way for greater accessibility but also spreading happiness and hope throughout her beloved Hanau. 1.What does Rita lay emphasis on? A. Comfort. B. Assistance. C. Independence. D. Adaptation. 2.What initially prevented Rita building her ramps? A. Lack of building materials. B. Trouble in technical knowledge. C. Time-consuming design process. D. High costs of traditional materials. 3.What does the underlined part “embarking on” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Getting around. B. Starting up. C. Sharing in. D. Going over. 4.Which of the following can best describe Rita’s ramps? A. Wasteful and expensive. B. Solid and durable. C. Creative and technological. D. Functional and eye-catching. 主题语境01 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市三校联考·期中）I’ve always had a keen sense of adventure. I worked as a photographer in Liverpool and in the summer of 2016, I embarked on a solo 1,000-mile (1,600 km) route through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and I did the majority of it on foot. Slow travel has allowed me to have amazing encounters with people from all walks of life. Plus, I’m not a natural at striking up conversations with strangers. So when mapping out my next trip, I landed on the idea that being accompanied by a pack animal would make me look appealing enough for people to start a chat. I found a donkey from a local farm. After seven months of training, we set off on the nearly 700-mile adventure from one lighthouse in Cape Wrath, at the top of the Highlands, to another in Dorset. However, I realized that walking a donkey around suburban streets does not in any way prepare you for walking across the West Highlands, an extremely challenging landscape: hilly, mostly moorland(荒原), with all kinds of biting insects. For the first six weeks, I felt extremely out of my depth, and constantly questioned whether or not I should be doing the walk and whether Martin was enjoying it. The walk was one of the hardest things I’ve done, but I don’t like quitting. We walked along trails, canals and roads from Glasgow, Lancaster, Leeds and Liverpool to Gloucester, Bristol and Dorchester. Everywhere we went, we put smiles on people’s faces. They were overjoyed to have encountered Martin. People would fall over themselves to help us — letting us camp on their farms, giving me hot food and coffee, cheering us on. Nobody ever turned me away. Having Martin around as my partner really opened up a lot of chances to meet people. I’ve figured out that people want to be friendly, but sometimes they just need an excuse. The walk helped to restore my faith in people and taught me that endlessly worrying — like about where we were going to camp each night — doesn’t solve anything. Not only did I walk the entire length of the UK, but I also made a lifelong friend with a 15-year-old donkey called Martin. 1.Why did the author have a donkey to travel with? A. To help him carry luggage. B. To make himself approachable. C. To use it for transportation. D. To improve his sense of direction. 2.What did the author try to show in paragraph 4? A. The highlights and regrets. B. The preparation for the walk. C. The difficulties and self-doubts. D. The danger of the West Highlands. 3.The underlined phrase “fall over themselves” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A. feel tired of helping others B. try very hard to do something C. walk carelessly and fall down D. refuse to offer help politely 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. A Solo Walk Across the UK B. Martin: My Loyal Donkey Partner C. The Challenges of Walking with a Donkey D. A Walk, a Donkey, and a Restored Faith in People 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西来宾市·期中）It was the summer before junior year. I was a waitress at a little restaurant. My duties were straightforward: Take orders, deliver food and clean tables. I got really good at managing multiple tasks, and having a lot of responsibilities made me more responsible. These values and skills are what numerous studies hold up as the important reasons why teenagers should work during the summer. They’re what teachers mention when they encourage us to get jobs. I developed those skills. But I don’t think that’s the main benefit high school students get from working. So much happened in the interstitial (空隙的) time and spaces between our roles of waitress, cook, and customer. This is where I think the value of a high school job lies: learning how to form community with people I never would have otherwise known. High school students spend about seven hours a day in classes, then often stay afterward for school-sponsored sports or activities. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to be wrapped up in school. But what I find is that a job can serve as a relief from the academic tasks of high school. I think high school students generally attach more importance to high school education to be admitted into colleges, thus becoming more tense and willing to consume more time to study. I also think that the lack of boredom comes into play. With phones and the Internet, teens never have to be bored again. Why get a sometimes-boring job to ease boredom? But the people I met at the restaurant taught me that you can become friends with those decades older than you and strangers who have none of the same interests or hobbies as you do. They taught me that you can wildly disagree with someone and still respect them, still learn from them, and still love them. 1.What does the author value most about high school students working? A. Connecting with various people. B. Fulfilling teachers’ expectations. C. Developing multitasking abilities. D. Building a sense of responsibility. 2.How did the author find her job compared to school life? A. It was equally stressful. B. It felt like a welcome break. C. It helped improve her grades. D. It was physically challenging. 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The academic performance of high school students. B. The ways high school students socialize at school. C. The common hobbies among high school students. D. The reasons for high school students not working. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To advise on how to relieve boredom. B. To stress the development of job skills. C. To highlight the benefits of student jobs. D. To discuss the pressure of academic tasks. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西柳州市联谊校·期中）When I suggested my 13-year-old try tennis, she quickly shot me down. “I’m not sporty; stop trying to get me to do sports,” Julianna said. I had suggested it because some of my happiest recent memories were of playing ping-pong with her. Tennis seemed like a natural progression from ping-pong and a great way to work out some of her growing teen frustrations on a larger playing field. But my suggestion was always met with resistance. Still, I was undeterred. I was pretty sure that releasing (释放) some physical energy would help Julianna manage her emotions. I’ve seen how sports help with stress. It worked for me when I was a teenage girl. Midway into summer, we stayed at home due to COVID-19, and Julianna and I grew really bored. “Do you want to play tennis?” I asked her at lunch one afternoon. “Sure,” she said. By then, we were both eager to spend as much time as possible out of the house. Arriving at the court, we set down our bags, picked up our rackets (球拍), and headed to our sides of the court. The net felt like the visual representation of a growing divide between us — I desiring connection and my teenage daughter longing for independence. I started by hitting a ball over the net, and Julianna took a big swing and missed. We repeated this several more times. I resisted the urge (冲动) to tell she was holding the racket too close to the neck or to step more into her forehand (正手). My daughter wanted the chance to figure these things out for herself. And I needed to practice letting her do it. We repeated the pattern of me hitting the ball and her missing it a few times before she finally got it back over the net. “This is fun,” she said with a mixture of surprise and delight and then she smiled widely. Now we always find time to play tennis. It’s nice to have a place where both of us can release our negative emotions and let them go. 1.Why did the author persuade her daughter to play tennis? A. They had a good time playing tennis together. B. She wanted her daughter to be a sporty person. C. It would help her daughter make more like-minded friends. D. It would be good for her daughter’s emotional management. 2.What does the underlined word “undeterred” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Not confused. B. Not determined. C. Not discouraged. D. Not surprised. 3.What did the author do when her daughter missed the ball? A. She stood close to the net. B. She repeated hitting the ball. C. She changed ends with her daughter. D. She instructed her daughter immediately. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. I Encourage My Daughter to Be Independent B. I Inspire My Daughter to Express Her Emotions C. Tennis Helps Me Understand My Teenage Daughter D. My Daughter and I Find Some Peace on the Tennis Court Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广西来宾高级中学·期中）With a thirst for a new challenge, I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier. Since starting to learn, I have made good progress. The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) is a test of Chinese language for non-native speakers. In July 2020, I passed my HSK3 exam with a score of 100. I am now almost ready to start HSK5. Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as insurmountable as I once thought. When I speak to native speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me. I also find it not too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters. I find studying the language relaxing and worthwhile, particularly writing the characters. The thing I find most challenging is listening since native speakers talk at such a speed. I can’t always understand what has been said, but my weekly online language exchanges help with this greatly. Despite my progress, it has still been the challenge I desire and has taken a lot of hard work. Furthermore, there is a long way to go before I reach my goal of fluency. The key to progress is to be patient and persistent (坚持不懈的). The satisfaction that comes from simple things like ordering food in Chinese, buying things on the Internet or communicating with a taxi driver makes all the hard work worth it. My biggest harvest from learning Chinese is that it’s not only doable but can also be enjoyable. Learning Chinese not only helps me in day-to-day life, but deepens my cultural understanding of such a colourful and beautiful country. Considering where I am now, compared to two years ago, as long as I keep studying hard, I can image a time when I’ll be able to read famous Chinese novels not in English but in the original text. So, to all my non-Chinese friends, I always say “Don’t give up. Embrace (拥抱) the challenge.” 1.What is the writer’s only regret about his language journey? A. He didn’t pass the HSK3 exam earlier. B. He didn’t start learning Chinese earlier. C. He can’t write over 400 Chinese characters yet. D. He hasn’t been ready for the HSK5 exam. 2.What does the underlined word “insurmountable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Interesting. B. Unbeatable. C. Boring. D. Easy. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer will give up learning Chinese soon. B. The writer can already read Chinese novels in the original text. C. Learning Chinese has helped the writer know more about Chinese culture. D. The writer thinks listening is the easiest part of learning Chinese. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The HSK exam is important for non-native Chinese learners. B. The writer shares his experience and feelings of learning Chinese. C. Listening is the most difficult part of learning Chinese. D. Chinese culture is colourful and beautiful. 主题语境03 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·广西玉林八校联考·期中）As a former great employee of NASA, Katherine Johnson, whose life was described in the movie Hidden Figures, died on February 24, 2020, aged 101. “NASA is deeply saddened by the loss of a leader from our pioneering days,” said NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine on the webpage of NASA. “Ms. Johnson helped our nation push the boundaries of space and she also played a vital role in opening doors for women and people of color to explore space. At NASA we will never forget her courage and leadership and the achievements we could not have reached without her.” Johnson was born in West Virginia in 1918. She graduated from West Virginia State University with a degree in mathematics and became a teacher at a public school. She was also one of the first three African-American students to attend graduate school at West Virginia University until she left school to focus on raising children. Her life changed in 1952 after a long career break. A relative told her about open positions at the all-black West Area Computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics’s Langley Laboratory, and she began to work in the aerospace (航天航空的) industry at Langley the next year. NASA depended on humans for complicated aerospace calculation as there were no high-functioning electronic computers. Female mathematicians usually took on the job as their salary was lower. Johnson was one of those African-American human computers. Johnson was initially in charge of aerospace analysis and then a space development mission when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she worked on the orbital mission of John Glenn in 1962. Johnson continued to sit for Apollo 11 mission of 1969. After she retired in 1986, her hidden achievements were finally publicized when Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 and her dramatic life was made into a movie the next year. 1.What did Bridenstine’s words in the second paragraph mainly want to tell us? A. To emphasize NASA’s achievements in space exploration. B. To describe the difficulties Johnson faced at NASA. C. To convey all Americans’ regret over Johnson’s death. D. To show Johnson’s contributions to space exploration. 2.Why did NASA depend on humans for complex aerospace calculation? A. It was cheaper to hire humans. B. NASA couldn’t afford electronic computers then. C. The computers at that time weren’t advanced enough. D. Humans were more accurate than computers in calculation. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. Johnson used to work in a private school. B. Johnson worked for the aerospace industry for at least thirty-three years. C. Johnson starred in the movie Hidden Figures. D. Johnson was the first woman to attend graduate school in the United States. 4.What does the underlined part “sit for” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Participate in. B. Turn in. C. Prepare for. D. Connect with. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广西壮族自治区兴业县高级中学·期中）National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek is walking from Africa to the tip of South America. He is following the path our human ancestors took out of Africa about 200,000 years ago. Salopek has named his journey the Out of Eden Walk. As he walks through different countries, landscapes, and cultures, Salopek is documenting what he sees and hears. And he isn't walking alone. During each part of his walk, Paul is joined by a local guide. Along the way, he meets people from small villages, cities, and country farms. Sometimes, they give him a place to stay for a night or two. Often, his hosts share a little bit about their lives with him. The Out of Eden Walk is well-named. Besides a few rides on boats or ships, Salopek is walking the entire way. No cars. He doesn’t even ride bikes, though he does use pack animals. An important part of Salopek’s mission is to tell the stories of ordinary people. Walking gives him more time to look around and to talk to the people he encounters. He has spoken to thousands of people since his walk began. As he puts it, “I am in a seven, eight, nine-year-long conversation with total strangers.” Following a story is not new for Paul Salopek. He is a journalist. He has written for The Atlantic, the Chicago Tribune, National Geographic, and other publications. His works have earned many awards, including two Pulitzer Prizes. As a journalist, Salopek would often fly into an area to cover a story and then quickly leave again. But he felt he was missing part of the story and wanted to dig deeper. The Out of Eden Walk was born from this desire. Salopek calls it slow journalism. The goal is to deeply explore some of the major news stories of our times by talking to ordinary people who are affected. As Salopek describes it, “It is about slowing down enough to actually inhabit the stories of the day and to get to know the people who are behind the headlines.” 1.What is the Out of Eden Walk? A. It is the latest penned work of Paul Salopek. B. It is a ship journey from Africa to the tip of South America. C. It is a toured long walk across the continents taken by Paul Salopek. D. It is a new fashionable way of travelling through different countries. 2.What does Salopek think of the conversation with strangers? A. Fruitful. B. Discouraging. C. Challenging. D. Time-wasted. 3.Why did Paul Salopek start the Out of Eden Walk? A. To finish his work for the Pulitzer Prizes. B. To explore the best headlines for the journalism. C. To unearth the deeper part of the major news stories. D. To interest the readers in the ancient ordinary people. 4.What do we know about slow journalism? A. Realistic and worthwhile. B. Influential but informal. C. Humorous and relaxing. D. Efficient and meaningful. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第三中学）My dad has watermelon-size muscles and enormous hands. He doesn’t seem like the kind of person who bakes great bread, but he does. Every Saturday he bakes silently by himself. The rest of the week, he’s a car mechanic whose job involves complex lifting, tightening, shaking and hitting. People tend to think of cars as metallic (金属的) members of the family, and Dad seldom lets them down. I kind of understand Dad’s baking routine. Though he’s into the work, customers’ expectation and heavy work weigh him down. When working on the dough (生面团), he returns to a life of ease. I had been feeling stressed out myself since I didn’t qualify for the swim team. I thought Dad had found that and he asked me to help and headed to the kitchen. Though I was surprised, I followed him. Dad took out his mixing bowl, telling me to mix ingredients while he added them. Then he showed me how to process the dough-repeatedly stretching, pounding and folding it. It took ten minutes and a surprising amount of energy to finish. But what came next was harder and more surprising — doing nothing. We put the dough back into the bowl. It took an hour to rise. Then we pressed and stretched it, put it into pans and waited another hour for it to double. “It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough,” Dad explained. When the dough rose at its own pace, time seemed to slow down. We could do nothing to speed that. As I accepted that, I stopped watching the clock and started enjoying the time. My father taught me how to bake, but I learned something more — appreciate the slow pace of time and let the bread rise. 1.What can we learn about the author’s father? A. He is very talkative. B. He takes no interest in baking. C. He is expert at his work. D. He doesn’t like fixing cars. 2.Why does the author’s father make bread every Saturday? A. To get relaxed. B. To kill the time. C. To pursue his hobby. D. To learn a new skill. 3.What is the most difficult part during baking bread according to the author? A. Measuring ingredients. B. Waiting for the dough to rise. C. Processing the dough. D. Controlling the temperature of the oven. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Secrets of Baking B. Influence of My Father C. A Bread Lesson D. A Surprising Leisure Time 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第二中学·期中）In the mid-19th century, a simple operation could often be a death sentence. Even if a patient survived the surgeon’s knife, they frequently fell victim to deadly infections (感染) afterwards. Hospitals were filled with the smell of decay (腐烂), and surgeons saw infection as an unavoidable part of surgery. Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, was deeply troubled by the high death rates from post-surgical infections. He refused to accept that they were inevitable. While studying wound inflammation, he learned about the work of Louis Pasteur, who proposed that germs (tiny, invisible organisms) caused decay and disease. This was a revolutionary idea at the time. Lister made a brilliant connection. He reasoned that if germs in the air were causing wounds to decay, then the solution was to kill these germs before they could enter the wound. He began experimenting with carbolic acid, a chemical used to treat waste water. He developed a system where he would spray a fine mist of carbolic acid in the air around the operating area, clean surgical tools with it, and soak wound dressings in it. The results were dramatic. The death rate from infection following his surgeries plummeted. Despite his success, Lister faced significant resistance from the medical community. Many senior surgeons believed that Lister was accusing them of being dirty. They were unwilling to change their old ways. However, Lister persisted, patiently publishing his findings and demonstrating his methods. Gradually, as other surgeons adopted his antiseptic techniques, the evidence became undeniable. Surgery was transformed. Lister’s principles of killing germs to prevent infection laid the foundation for modern antiseptic surgery. His work, built on Pasteur’s germ theory, saved countless lives and forever changed the course of medicine, turning surgery from a dreaded last resort into a safe, life-saving practice. 1.What was the common belief about infections in surgery before Lister’s time? A. They were caused by dirty surgical tools. B. They were an unavoidable part of surgery. C. They could be easily treated with chemicals. D. They only happened in unclean hospitals. 2.What was the key idea from Louis Pasteur that inspired Lister? A. The importance of washing hands. B. The use of carbolic acid for cleaning. C. The germ theory of disease. D. The method of spraying chemicals in the air. 3.The word “plummeted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. increased slightly B. remained stable C. rose dramatically D. fell sharply 4.The most appropriate title for the passage would be . A. The Discovery of Germ Theory B. The Life Story of a Great Surgeon C. The Use of Carbolic Acid in Medicine D. The Man Who Conquered Surgical Infection / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（记叙文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4C 主题语境02人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4D 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.B 主题语境03人与自然-宇宙探索 112 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.D 212 专题03 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广西南宁“4+N”联盟学校·期中）A couple Peter and Chris in their 60s have travelled 12,000 miles across 16 countries from Britain to China — riding their bikes the entire way. They stepped on the long journey after deciding to “do something a bit different”. They traversed (横穿) cities, deserts, mountains and everything in between across Europe, the Middle East and the East Asia. The married couple of 37 years enjoyed themselves with delicious local food and spent most nights inside a tiny tent put up wherever they could find a shelter. Peter, 66, said the moment they finally had a look at the famous Great Wall after a year and a half of cycling 30 miles a day was “really exciting”. At the journey, the special pair didn’t fly home but instead chose to book a cabin (舱) inside a 400-meter-long container ship. The final part was a three-week voyage from Singapore across the Indian Ocean and into the Mediterranean Sea before arriving at Southampton. “You never know what the day is going to bring. All you know is that you are going to get on your bike and cycle. Every day is an adventure and every day is new. Overall, the experience is absolutely unbelievable,” Peter said. In the beginning Peter and Chris set out to cycle from Britain in January 2017 but were forced home. They had cycled all the way to Hungary when Peter slipped on tiles (瓷砖) and broke his leg. After seven months of recovery, the couple set out again in Britain. They finally arrived in China in November 2018. Both Peter and Chris agreed that the best part of the entire trip was coming across the kindness of strangers along the way, many of whom invited the couple for food and drink. Chris, 64, said, “It was a wonderful experience, especially wonderful because of the amazing people we met along the way.” 1.What’s the couple’s purpose of taking the long journey? A. To break the world record. B. To try something new. C. To go across 16 countries by bike. D. To celebrate their 37-year marriage. 2.How did the couple go back to their home after the trip to China? A. By plane. B. By train. C. By bike. D. By sea. 3.Why did the couple put off their trip in 2017? A. They used up the money. B. Peter had an accident. C. They met with a heavy snow. D. Peter fell ill suddenly in Hungary. 4.What’s the best part of the trip for the couple? A. The beautiful scenes. B. The delicious food and drink. C. The help from strangers. D. The kindness from their group. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对六十多岁的夫妇彼得和克里斯从英国骑行12000英里穿越16个国家到达中国的冒险经历。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They stepped on the long journey after deciding to “do something a bit different”. (在决定“做点与众不同的事”之后，他们踏上了这段漫长的旅程)”可知，这对夫妇踏上这段漫长的旅程是为了尝试新事物。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the journey, the special pair didn’t fly home but instead chose to book a cabin (舱) inside a 400-meter-long container ship. (在这次旅行中，这对特别的夫妇没有乘飞机回家，而是选择在一艘400米长的集装箱船上预订了一个船舱)”可知，这对夫妇是乘船回家的。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the beginning Peter and Chris set out to cycle from Britain in January 2017 but were forced home. They had cycled all the way to Hungary when Peter slipped on tiles (瓷砖) and broke his leg. (2017年1月，彼得和克里斯最初计划从英国骑自行车出发，但被迫回家。他们一路骑自行车到匈牙利时，彼得在瓷砖上滑倒摔断了腿)”可知，这对夫妇推迟2017年的旅行是因为彼得出了事故。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Both Peter and Chris agreed that the best part of the entire trip was coming across the kindness of strangers along the way, many of whom invited the couple for food and drink. (彼得和克里斯都认为，整个旅行中最美好的部分是沿途遇到了陌生人的善意，他们中的许多人邀请这对夫妇一起吃饭和喝酒)”可知，对于这对夫妇来说，旅行中最美好的部分是陌生人的帮助。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市十二县中学·期中）Ibby Piracha, who was a deaf-mute (聋哑人) since he was young, adjusted his glasses as he approached the counter in a coffee shop. His fingers tapped lightly on the surface of the counter—his usual way to signal his presence. Then the waiter with the silver name tag (标牌), Krystal Payne, suddenly stepped back from the coffee machine and reached into a box. Payne pulled out a piece of receipt paper, wrote something, and then folded it into three parts, sliding it across the counter to Ibby. Ibby’s breath caught as he unfolded the paper, his fingertips touching the letters: I have been learning American Sign Language, so you can have the same experience as everyone else. Behind the counter, Payne had been quietly watching. She saw Ibby’s eyebrows lift in surprise as he swallowed (做吞咽动作) with effort. Then, a real, genuine smile spread across his face, one that reached all the way to his crinkled brown eyes, the same way his mother used to smile when she’d surprise him with his favorite comic book. He carefully smoothed out the paper, as if it was something very fragile and precious. Then she signed to ask him what he would like to order. The words she expressed with sign language were slightly messy at the end — you could tell she had been practicing—but each letter stood proudly on the note. Then, he slowly and carefully expressed himself and then slid his order card under it. Payne’s gesture was especially meaningful given the challenges faced by the deaf community. A recent study showed that 67% of deaf people experience negative treatment due to their condition, even often from those closest to them. But in this quiet coffee shop, with the sound of the coffee machine in the background, Payne had created a moment of true connection and bridged the widest gaps with the simplest acts. 1.Why did Ibby tap lightly on the counter? A. To convey his impatience. B. To practice his sign language. C. To draw the waiter’s attention. D. To check if the waiter was there. 2.How did Ibby feel when reading the note from Payne? A. Confused and curious. B. Amazed and touched. C. Amused and relaxed. D. Embarrassed and tense. 3.What can we learn about Payne? A. She was a close friend of Ibby’s family. B. She prepared the note in advance for Ibby. C. She had been trained in sign language for years. D. She tried to communicate with Ibby in his way. 4.Which of the following can best describe Payne? A. Caring and considerate. B. Independent and strict. C. Open-minded and calm. D. Strong-willed and honest. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了服务员用心与聋哑顾客沟通的暖心故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“His fingers tapped lightly on the surface of the counter — his usual way to signal his presence.(他的手指轻轻敲了敲柜台的表面——这是他通常用来示意自己存在的方式)”可知，Ibby轻敲柜台是为了示意服务员他的存在，也就是引起服务员的注意。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She saw Ibby’s eyebrows lift in surprise as he swallowed (做吞咽动作) with effort.Then, a real, genuine smile spread across his face, one that reached all the way to his crinkled brown eyes, the same way his mother used to smile when she’d surprise him with his favorite comic book. He carefully smoothed out the paper, as if it was something very fragile and precious.(她看到Ibby费力地咽了口唾沫，惊讶地挑了挑眉。然后，一个真实、真诚的微笑在他脸上绽放，一直延伸到他布满笑纹的棕色眼睛，就像他母亲用他最喜欢的漫画书给他惊喜时那样微笑。他小心翼翼地把纸抚平，好像那是一件非常脆弱和珍贵的东西)”可知，Ibby看到纸条上的内容后非常惊讶且被感动了。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I have been learning American Sign Language, so you can have the same experience as everyone else.(我一直在学习美国手语，这样你就能和其他人有一样的体验)”以及第四段中“Then she signed to ask him what he would like to order.(然后她用手语问他要点什么)”可知，Payne在学习手语，并尝试用Ibby的方式（手语）和他交流。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，尤其是第二段的“I have been learning American Sign Language, so you can have the same experience as everyone else.(我一直在学习美国手语，这样你就能和其他人有一样的体验)”可知，Payne 主动学习手语，用纸条告知 Ibby 并尝试用手语点单，为聋哑人创造了平等的消费体验，由此可推断她是一个体贴且关心他人的人。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西贵港市·期中）Living in Hanau, Germany, 67-year-old Rita Ebel, who uses a wheelchair for most of her mobility, discovered that many local businesses were not accessible after her accident. The common response from shop owners was that she could simply knock on the door for assistance. However, Rita knew that for someone like her, who values independence, this was not a practical solution. Taking initiative, Rita decided to create her own wheelchair ramps (坡道), but with a creative twist. Instead of traditional materials, she began constructing ramps using colorful toy bricks. However, as she started her project, she quickly realized that acquiring enough bricks was a challenge in itself. Many people hold onto their brick collections with fondness. Furthermore, she found that most available sets were not suited for her ram p designs. In a moment of helplessness, she reached out on social media for assistance. To her delight, the response was overwhelming. “My first donor asked how many pieces of bricks I would need to finish my very first ramp,” she shared. After estimating that she might need around 1,000 pieces, she was thrilled when he arrived with two large boxes of toy bricks. Since embarking on this heartwarming effort in 2019, Rita has built numerous ramps, earning her the lovely title of “Brick Oma”, or “Brick Grandma”. Her colorful creations have transformed shops across Hanau, including sweet shops and grocery stores, making them more accessible, one brick at a time. The colorful ramps also serve as a helpful visual cue for those with low vision, signaling an incline (倾斜) ahead. Building a ram p typically takes Rita just three to four hours, and as donations continue to pour in, she is grateful for the support. Her landlord even provided her with extra space to store the growing brick collection. Rita Ebel’s journey is a beautiful reminder of the power of community, creativity, and the firm spirit to uplift others. Through her colorful brick ramps, she is not only paving the way for greater accessibility but also spreading happiness and hope throughout her beloved Hanau. 1.What does Rita lay emphasis on? A. Comfort. B. Assistance. C. Independence. D. Adaptation. 2.What initially prevented Rita building her ramps? A. Lack of building materials. B. Trouble in technical knowledge. C. Time-consuming design process. D. High costs of traditional materials. 3.What does the underlined part “embarking on” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Getting around. B. Starting up. C. Sharing in. D. Going over. 4.Which of the following can best describe Rita’s ramps? A. Wasteful and expensive. B. Solid and durable. C. Creative and technological. D. Functional and eye-catching. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述德国老人Rita Ebel用彩色积木搭建坡道，助力残障人士出行，传递温暖与希望的故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, Rita knew that for someone like her, who values independence, this was not a practical solution.(然而，Rita知道，对于像她这样重视独立的人来说，这并不是一个切实可行的解决方案) ”可知，Rita注重独立。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, as she started her project, she quickly realized that acquiring enough bricks was a challenge in itself.(然而，当她开始这个项目时，她很快意识到获取足够的积木本身就是一个挑战)”可知，最初阻碍Rita搭建坡道的是缺乏积木。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Since embarking on this heartwarming effort in 2019, Rita has built numerous ramps, earning her the lovely title of “Brick Oma”, or “Brick Grandma”. (自2019年embarking on这项暖心的事业以来，Rita已经搭建了无数坡道，为她赢得了“积木奶奶”这一可爱的称号)”可知，embarking on意为“开始、着手”，即她2019年开始这样暖心的事业。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Her colorful creations have transformed shops across Hanau, including sweet shops and grocery stores, making them more accessible, one brick at a time.(她那些色彩斑斓的作品改变了哈瑙市的多家店铺，包括糖果店和杂货店，用一块块积木让这些地方变得更易进入)”和第五段中的“The colorful ramps also serve as a helpful visual cue for those with low vision”(这些色彩鲜艳的坡道对视力不佳的人来说也是一个有用的视觉提示)”可知，Rita的坡道既实用又引人注目。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·广西桂林市三校联考·期中）I’ve always had a keen sense of adventure. I worked as a photographer in Liverpool and in the summer of 2016, I embarked on a solo 1,000-mile (1,600 km) route through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and I did the majority of it on foot. Slow travel has allowed me to have amazing encounters with people from all walks of life. Plus, I’m not a natural at striking up conversations with strangers. So when mapping out my next trip, I landed on the idea that being accompanied by a pack animal would make me look appealing enough for people to start a chat. I found a donkey from a local farm. After seven months of training, we set off on the nearly 700-mile adventure from one lighthouse in Cape Wrath, at the top of the Highlands, to another in Dorset. However, I realized that walking a donkey around suburban streets does not in any way prepare you for walking across the West Highlands, an extremely challenging landscape: hilly, mostly moorland(荒原), with all kinds of biting insects. For the first six weeks, I felt extremely out of my depth, and constantly questioned whether or not I should be doing the walk and whether Martin was enjoying it. The walk was one of the hardest things I’ve done, but I don’t like quitting. We walked along trails, canals and roads from Glasgow, Lancaster, Leeds and Liverpool to Gloucester, Bristol and Dorchester. Everywhere we went, we put smiles on people’s faces. They were overjoyed to have encountered Martin. People would fall over themselves to help us — letting us camp on their farms, giving me hot food and coffee, cheering us on. Nobody ever turned me away. Having Martin around as my partner really opened up a lot of chances to meet people. I’ve figured out that people want to be friendly, but sometimes they just need an excuse. The walk helped to restore my faith in people and taught me that endlessly worrying — like about where we were going to camp each night — doesn’t solve anything. Not only did I walk the entire length of the UK, but I also made a lifelong friend with a 15-year-old donkey called Martin. 1.Why did the author have a donkey to travel with? A. To help him carry luggage. B. To make himself approachable. C. To use it for transportation. D. To improve his sense of direction. 2.What did the author try to show in paragraph 4? A. The highlights and regrets. B. The preparation for the walk. C. The difficulties and self-doubts. D. The danger of the West Highlands. 3.The underlined phrase “fall over themselves” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A. feel tired of helping others B. try very hard to do something C. walk carelessly and fall down D. refuse to offer help politely 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. A Solo Walk Across the UK B. Martin: My Loyal Donkey Partner C. The Challenges of Walking with a Donkey D. A Walk, a Donkey, and a Restored Faith in People 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者带着一头驴子徒步穿越英国的经历，这次旅行不仅让作者完成了徒步穿越英国的壮举，还让他重新相信了人与人之间的善意。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“So when mapping out my next trip, I landed on the idea that being accompanied by a pack animal would make me look appealing enough for people to start a chat.(所以当我规划下一次旅行时，我想到了这样一个主意：有一头驮畜陪伴会让我看起来足够有吸引力，让人们愿意和我聊天。)”可知，作者带着一头驴子一起旅行是为了使自己平易近人，从而让人们愿意和他聊天。故选B。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, I realized that walking a donkey around suburban streets does not in any way prepare you for walking across the West Highlands, an extremely challenging landscape: hilly, mostly moorland, with all kinds of biting insects. For the first six weeks, I felt extremely out of my depth, and constantly questioned whether or not I should be doing the walk and whether Martin was enjoying it.(然而，我意识到，在郊区街道上牵着驴子走并不能为穿越西高地做好准备，西高地是一个极具挑战性的地方：多山，大部分是荒原，还有各种各样的叮咬昆虫。在最初的六个星期里，我感到非常力不从心，不断地问自己是否应该继续走下去，以及马丁是否喜欢这次旅行。)”可知，作者在第四段试图展示的是这次旅行的困难和自我怀疑。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下文“letting us camp on their farms, giving me hot food and coffee, cheering us on(让我们在他们的农场露营，给我热的食物和咖啡，为我们加油)”可知，人们会竭尽全力帮助我们，由此可推测出，划线短语“fall over themselves”的意思是“竭尽全力地做某事”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The walk helped to restore my faith in people and taught me that endlessly worrying — like about where we were going to camp each night — doesn’t solve anything. Not only did I walk the entire length of the UK, but I also made a lifelong friend with a 15-year-old donkey called Martin.(这次徒步旅行帮助我恢复了对人们的信心，也让我明白，无休止的担心——比如我们每晚要在哪里露营——并不能解决任何问题。我不仅走遍了整个英国，还和一头15岁的名叫马丁的驴子结下了终生的友谊。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是作者带着一头驴子徒步穿越英国的经历，这次旅行不仅让作者完成了徒步穿越英国的壮举，还让他重新相信了人与人之间的善意，所以选项D“一次徒步旅行，一头驴子，以及我对人们重新燃起的信心”最适合作为本文的标题。故选D。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广西来宾市·期中）It was the summer before junior year. I was a waitress at a little restaurant. My duties were straightforward: Take orders, deliver food and clean tables. I got really good at managing multiple tasks, and having a lot of responsibilities made me more responsible. These values and skills are what numerous studies hold up as the important reasons why teenagers should work during the summer. They’re what teachers mention when they encourage us to get jobs. I developed those skills. But I don’t think that’s the main benefit high school students get from working. So much happened in the interstitial (空隙的) time and spaces between our roles of waitress, cook, and customer. This is where I think the value of a high school job lies: learning how to form community with people I never would have otherwise known. High school students spend about seven hours a day in classes, then often stay afterward for school-sponsored sports or activities. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to be wrapped up in school. But what I find is that a job can serve as a relief from the academic tasks of high school. I think high school students generally attach more importance to high school education to be admitted into colleges, thus becoming more tense and willing to consume more time to study. I also think that the lack of boredom comes into play. With phones and the Internet, teens never have to be bored again. Why get a sometimes-boring job to ease boredom? But the people I met at the restaurant taught me that you can become friends with those decades older than you and strangers who have none of the same interests or hobbies as you do. They taught me that you can wildly disagree with someone and still respect them, still learn from them, and still love them. 1.What does the author value most about high school students working? A. Connecting with various people. B. Fulfilling teachers’ expectations. C. Developing multitasking abilities. D. Building a sense of responsibility. 2.How did the author find her job compared to school life? A. It was equally stressful. B. It felt like a welcome break. C. It helped improve her grades. D. It was physically challenging. 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The academic performance of high school students. B. The ways high school students socialize at school. C. The common hobbies among high school students. D. The reasons for high school students not working. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To advise on how to relieve boredom. B. To stress the development of job skills. C. To highlight the benefits of student jobs. D. To discuss the pressure of academic tasks. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者通过高中暑期餐厅打工经历，分享高中生工作的核心价值，而非仅强调技能提升。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is where I think the value of a high school job lies: learning how to form community with people I never would have otherwise known. (我认为高中工作的价值就在于此：学会如何与那些我原本不可能认识的人建立联系。)”可知，作者认为高中生工作最有价值的地方是能与各种各样的人建立联系。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what I find is that a job can serve as a relief from the academic tasks of high school.(但我发现，工作可以缓解高中的学业压力。)”可知，作者认为这份工作相较于学校生活，是一个受欢迎的休息机会。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“I think high school students generally attach more importance to high school education to be admitted into colleges, thus becoming more tense and willing to consume more time to study. I also think that the lack of boredom comes into play. With phones and the Internet, teens never have to be bored again. Why get a sometimes-boring job to ease boredom? (我认为高中生为了考上大学，通常会更重视高中教育，因此变得更加紧张，也愿意花更多时间学习。我还认为，不再感到无聊也是一个原因。有了手机和互联网，青少年再也不用忍受无聊了。那何必找一份有时很无聊的工作来打发无聊呢？)”可知，该段主要讲述了高中生不工作的两个原因：重视学业和有手机、网络消遣无需应对无聊。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“These values and skills are what numerous studies hold up as the important reasons why teenagers should work during the summer. They’re what teachers mention when they encourage us to get jobs. I developed those skills. But I don’t think that’s the main benefit high school students get from working. (这些价值观与技能，正是众多研究认为青少年应在暑期工作的重要原因。它们也是老师鼓励我们找工作时会提到的点。我确实培养了这些技能，但我认为这并非高中生从工作中获得的主要益处。)”和第三段“So much happened in the interstitial (空隙的) time and spaces between our roles of waitress, cook, and customer. This is where I think the value of a high school job lies: learning how to form community with people I never would have otherwise known. (在服务员、厨师和顾客这些角色之间的空隙时间与空间里，发生了很多事。我认为高中阶段工作的价值就在于此：学会如何与那些原本根本不可能认识的人建立联系。)”可知，文章主要目的是强调学生工作的益处，不仅是技能提升，更有人际交往等方面的收获。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·广西柳州市联谊校·期中）When I suggested my 13-year-old try tennis, she quickly shot me down. “I’m not sporty; stop trying to get me to do sports,” Julianna said. I had suggested it because some of my happiest recent memories were of playing ping-pong with her. Tennis seemed like a natural progression from ping-pong and a great way to work out some of her growing teen frustrations on a larger playing field. But my suggestion was always met with resistance. Still, I was undeterred. I was pretty sure that releasing (释放) some physical energy would help Julianna manage her emotions. I’ve seen how sports help with stress. It worked for me when I was a teenage girl. Midway into summer, we stayed at home due to COVID-19, and Julianna and I grew really bored. “Do you want to play tennis?” I asked her at lunch one afternoon. “Sure,” she said. By then, we were both eager to spend as much time as possible out of the house. Arriving at the court, we set down our bags, picked up our rackets (球拍), and headed to our sides of the court. The net felt like the visual representation of a growing divide between us — I desiring connection and my teenage daughter longing for independence. I started by hitting a ball over the net, and Julianna took a big swing and missed. We repeated this several more times. I resisted the urge (冲动) to tell she was holding the racket too close to the neck or to step more into her forehand (正手). My daughter wanted the chance to figure these things out for herself. And I needed to practice letting her do it. We repeated the pattern of me hitting the ball and her missing it a few times before she finally got it back over the net. “This is fun,” she said with a mixture of surprise and delight and then she smiled widely. Now we always find time to play tennis. It’s nice to have a place where both of us can release our negative emotions and let them go. 1.Why did the author persuade her daughter to play tennis? A. They had a good time playing tennis together. B. She wanted her daughter to be a sporty person. C. It would help her daughter make more like-minded friends. D. It would be good for her daughter’s emotional management. 2.What does the underlined word “undeterred” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Not confused. B. Not determined. C. Not discouraged. D. Not surprised. 3.What did the author do when her daughter missed the ball? A. She stood close to the net. B. She repeated hitting the ball. C. She changed ends with her daughter. D. She instructed her daughter immediately. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. I Encourage My Daughter to Be Independent B. I Inspire My Daughter to Express Her Emotions C. Tennis Helps Me Understand My Teenage Daughter D. My Daughter and I Find Some Peace on the Tennis Court 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲坚持与抗拒运动的女儿打网球，最终让网球成为双方释放情绪、增进理解的纽带。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tennis seemed like a natural progression from ping-pong and a great way to work out some of her growing teen frustrations on a larger playing field. (网球似乎是乒乓球的自然发展，也是她在更大的运动场上解决一些日益增长的青少年挫折的好方法。)”和第二段中“I was pretty sure that releasing (释放) some physical energy would help Julianna manage her emotions. (我很确定释放一些体力能帮助Julianna控制情绪。)”可知，作者劝说女儿打网球，是因为觉得这对女儿的情绪管理有帮助。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“But my suggestion was always met with resistance. (但我的建议总是遭到抵制。)”和下文“I was pretty sure that releasing (释放) some physical energy would help Julianna manage her emotions. (我很确定释放一些体力能帮助Julianna控制情绪。)”可知，前后有转折，虽然女儿拒绝，但作者仍坚持建议，说明作者没有因为拒绝就被阻挠，画线词意为“未被阻挠的”，与C项Not discouraged“未被劝阻的”意思一致。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We repeated the pattern of me hitting the ball and her missing it a few times before she finally got it back over the net. (我们重复着这样的模式：我击球，她没打到，几次之后她终于把球打过了网。)”可知，当女儿没有接到球时，作者重复击球。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Now we always find time to play tennis. It’s nice to have a place where both of us can release our negative emotions and let them go. (现在我们总是找时间打网球。有个地方让我们都能释放自己的负面情绪，让它们消失，这很好。)”可知，文章围绕作者和女儿打网球的故事展开，最初女儿非常抗拒打网球的提议，但作者并未放弃，后来无聊促使女儿答应尝试网球，作者克制住指导的冲动，让女儿在摸索中体验到运动的乐趣，网球成为母女共同释放负面情绪的纽带。因此，D项“我的女儿和我在网球场上找到了一些平静”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广西来宾高级中学·期中）With a thirst for a new challenge, I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier. Since starting to learn, I have made good progress. The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) is a test of Chinese language for non-native speakers. In July 2020, I passed my HSK3 exam with a score of 100. I am now almost ready to start HSK5. Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as insurmountable as I once thought. When I speak to native speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me. I also find it not too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters. I find studying the language relaxing and worthwhile, particularly writing the characters. The thing I find most challenging is listening since native speakers talk at such a speed. I can’t always understand what has been said, but my weekly online language exchanges help with this greatly. Despite my progress, it has still been the challenge I desire and has taken a lot of hard work. Furthermore, there is a long way to go before I reach my goal of fluency. The key to progress is to be patient and persistent (坚持不懈的). The satisfaction that comes from simple things like ordering food in Chinese, buying things on the Internet or communicating with a taxi driver makes all the hard work worth it. My biggest harvest from learning Chinese is that it’s not only doable but can also be enjoyable. Learning Chinese not only helps me in day-to-day life, but deepens my cultural understanding of such a colourful and beautiful country. Considering where I am now, compared to two years ago, as long as I keep studying hard, I can image a time when I’ll be able to read famous Chinese novels not in English but in the original text. So, to all my non-Chinese friends, I always say “Don’t give up. Embrace (拥抱) the challenge.” 1.What is the writer’s only regret about his language journey? A. He didn’t pass the HSK3 exam earlier. B. He didn’t start learning Chinese earlier. C. He can’t write over 400 Chinese characters yet. D. He hasn’t been ready for the HSK5 exam. 2.What does the underlined word “insurmountable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Interesting. B. Unbeatable. C. Boring. D. Easy. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer will give up learning Chinese soon. B. The writer can already read Chinese novels in the original text. C. Learning Chinese has helped the writer know more about Chinese culture. D. The writer thinks listening is the easiest part of learning Chinese. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The HSK exam is important for non-native Chinese learners. B. The writer shares his experience and feelings of learning Chinese. C. Listening is the most difficult part of learning Chinese. D. Chinese culture is colourful and beautiful. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者学习中文的经历、取得的进步、遇到的挑战及收获，鼓励非中文学习者坚持学习。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“With a thirst for a new challenge, I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier.(怀着对新挑战的渴望，我决定开启我的语言之旅，我唯一的遗憾是没有早点开始)”可知，作者唯一的遗憾是没有更早开始学习中文。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“When I speak to native speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me. I also find it not too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters.(当我用中文和母语者交流时，他们几乎都能听懂我。我也发现记汉字并不太难，现在我甚至能写400多个汉字)”可知，学习中文并没有作者曾经想象的那么难，故 “insurmountable”意为“难以克服的、不可战胜的”。B选项“Unbeatable(不可战胜的)”符合题意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Learning Chinese not only helps me in day-to-day life, but deepens my cultural understanding of such a colourful and beautiful country.(学习中文不仅在日常生活中帮助了我，还加深了我对这个多姿多彩、美丽国度的文化理解)”可推断，学习中文帮助作者更多地了解了中国文化。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，作者围绕自己学习中文的经历展开，讲述了学习初衷、取得的进步、遇到的挑战（如听力）、收获（如文化理解）及对他人的鼓励。因此选项B. “The writer shares his experience and feelings of learning Chinese.(作者分享了他学习中文的经历和感受)”最能概括文章主旨。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高二上·广西玉林八校联考·期中）As a former great employee of NASA, Katherine Johnson, whose life was described in the movie Hidden Figures, died on February 24, 2020, aged 101. “NASA is deeply saddened by the loss of a leader from our pioneering days,” said NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine on the webpage of NASA. “Ms. Johnson helped our nation push the boundaries of space and she also played a vital role in opening doors for women and people of color to explore space. At NASA we will never forget her courage and leadership and the achievements we could not have reached without her.” Johnson was born in West Virginia in 1918. She graduated from West Virginia State University with a degree in mathematics and became a teacher at a public school. She was also one of the first three African-American students to attend graduate school at West Virginia University until she left school to focus on raising children. Her life changed in 1952 after a long career break. A relative told her about open positions at the all-black West Area Computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics’s Langley Laboratory, and she began to work in the aerospace (航天航空的) industry at Langley the next year. NASA depended on humans for complicated aerospace calculation as there were no high-functioning electronic computers. Female mathematicians usually took on the job as their salary was lower. Johnson was one of those African-American human computers. Johnson was initially in charge of aerospace analysis and then a space development mission when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she worked on the orbital mission of John Glenn in 1962. Johnson continued to sit for Apollo 11 mission of 1969. After she retired in 1986, her hidden achievements were finally publicized when Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 and her dramatic life was made into a movie the next year. 1.What did Bridenstine’s words in the second paragraph mainly want to tell us? A. To emphasize NASA’s achievements in space exploration. B. To describe the difficulties Johnson faced at NASA. C. To convey all Americans’ regret over Johnson’s death. D. To show Johnson’s contributions to space exploration. 2.Why did NASA depend on humans for complex aerospace calculation? A. It was cheaper to hire humans. B. NASA couldn’t afford electronic computers then. C. The computers at that time weren’t advanced enough. D. Humans were more accurate than computers in calculation. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. Johnson used to work in a private school. B. Johnson worked for the aerospace industry for at least thirty-three years. C. Johnson starred in the movie Hidden Figures. D. Johnson was the first woman to attend graduate school in the United States. 4.What does the underlined part “sit for” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Participate in. B. Turn in. C. Prepare for. D. Connect with. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。通过叙述Katherine Johnson在NASA的工作、打破种族与性别壁垒的贡献等，展现其人生故事与成就。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Ms. Johnson helped our nation push the boundaries of space and she also played a vital role in opening doors for women and people of color to explore space. At NASA we will never forget her courage and leadership and the achievements we could not have reached without her.(Johnson女士帮助我们的国家拓展了太空领域的边界，她还在为女性和有色人种打开探索太空的大门方面发挥了至关重要的作用。在NASA，我们永远不会忘记她的勇气和领导力，以及没有她我们无法取得的成就)”可知，Bridenstine的话主要是为了展示 Johnson对太空探索的贡献。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“NASA depended on humans for complicated aerospace calculation as there were no high-functioning electronic computers. (由于没有高性能的电子计算机，NASA依靠人类进行复杂的航天计算)”可知，当时的计算机不够先进，所以NASA依赖人类进行复杂的航天计算。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Her life changed in 1952 after a long career break. (在经历了漫长的事业中断后，她的生活在1952年发生了变化)”、“she began to work in the aerospace (航天航空的) industry at Langley the next year (第二年，她开始在兰利的航空航天行业工作)”以及第五段“Then she worked on the orbital mission of John Glenn in 1962. Johnson continued to sit for Apollo 11 mission of 1969. After she retired in 1986 (然后她在1962年参与了John Glenn的轨道任务。Johnson继续参与1969年的阿波罗11号任务。她于1986年退休)”可推知，Johnson在航天行业至少工作了24年(1962-1986)，加上之前的9年经历(1953-1962)，至少工作了33年。故选B。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Johnson was initially in charge of aerospace analysis and then a space development mission when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she worked on the orbital mission of John Glenn in 1962. Johnson continued to sit for Apollo 11 mission of 1969. (Johnson最初负责航空航天分析，然后在1958年美国宇航局成立时负责太空开发任务。1962年，她参与了约翰·格伦的轨道任务。约翰逊继续_____1969年的阿波罗11号任务)”可知，此处sit for跟前句里的in charge of和worked on意义接近，应是“参加”。故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·广西壮族自治区兴业县高级中学·期中）National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek is walking from Africa to the tip of South America. He is following the path our human ancestors took out of Africa about 200,000 years ago. Salopek has named his journey the Out of Eden Walk. As he walks through different countries, landscapes, and cultures, Salopek is documenting what he sees and hears. And he isn't walking alone. During each part of his walk, Paul is joined by a local guide. Along the way, he meets people from small villages, cities, and country farms. Sometimes, they give him a place to stay for a night or two. Often, his hosts share a little bit about their lives with him. The Out of Eden Walk is well-named. Besides a few rides on boats or ships, Salopek is walking the entire way. No cars. He doesn’t even ride bikes, though he does use pack animals. An important part of Salopek’s mission is to tell the stories of ordinary people. Walking gives him more time to look around and to talk to the people he encounters. He has spoken to thousands of people since his walk began. As he puts it, “I am in a seven, eight, nine-year-long conversation with total strangers.” Following a story is not new for Paul Salopek. He is a journalist. He has written for The Atlantic, the Chicago Tribune, National Geographic, and other publications. His works have earned many awards, including two Pulitzer Prizes. As a journalist, Salopek would often fly into an area to cover a story and then quickly leave again. But he felt he was missing part of the story and wanted to dig deeper. The Out of Eden Walk was born from this desire. Salopek calls it slow journalism. The goal is to deeply explore some of the major news stories of our times by talking to ordinary people who are affected. As Salopek describes it, “It is about slowing down enough to actually inhabit the stories of the day and to get to know the people who are behind the headlines.” 1.What is the Out of Eden Walk? A. It is the latest penned work of Paul Salopek. B. It is a ship journey from Africa to the tip of South America. C. It is a toured long walk across the continents taken by Paul Salopek. D. It is a new fashionable way of travelling through different countries. 2.What does Salopek think of the conversation with strangers? A. Fruitful. B. Discouraging. C. Challenging. D. Time-wasted. 3.Why did Paul Salopek start the Out of Eden Walk? A. To finish his work for the Pulitzer Prizes. B. To explore the best headlines for the journalism. C. To unearth the deeper part of the major news stories. D. To interest the readers in the ancient ordinary people. 4.What do we know about slow journalism? A. Realistic and worthwhile. B. Influential but informal. C. Humorous and relaxing. D. Efficient and meaningful. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了国家地理探险家Paul Salopek的徒步旅程，他从非洲出发，重走人类祖先迁徙至南美洲的路线，并沿途记录所见所闻，分享普通人的故事。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek is walking from Africa to the tip of South America.(国家地理探险家保罗·萨洛佩克正在从非洲步行到南美洲的顶端。)”和第二段“Salopek has named his journey the Out of Eden Walk. (萨洛佩克将他的旅程命名为“走出伊甸园之旅”。)”及“During each part of his walk, Paul is joined by a local guide. (在保罗行走的每一部分，都有一名当地导游陪同。)”可推知, “走出伊甸园之旅”是保罗·萨洛佩克(Paul Salopek)在各大洲进行的一次巡回徒步旅行。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“As he walks through different countries, landscapes, and cultures, Salopek is documenting what he sees and hears. (当他走过不同的国家、风景和文化时，萨洛佩克正在记录他所看到和听到的东西。)”和第三段“He has spoken to thousands of people since his walk began. As he puts it, ‘I am in a seven, eight, nine-year-long conversation with total strangers.’(自从他开始步行以来，他已经与数千人交谈过。正如他所说，‘我与完全陌生的人进行了长达七、八、九年的对话。’)”可知，萨洛佩克记录他自己一路的所见所闻, 故可推知其与陌生人的谈话是有收获的。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a journalist, Salopek would often fly into an area to cover a story and then quickly leave again. But he felt he was missing part of the story and wanted to dig deeper. The Out of Eden Walk was born from this desire. (作为一名记者，萨洛佩克经常飞到一个地区报道一个故事，然后很快又离开了。但他觉得自己错过了故事的一部分，想更深入地挖掘。走出伊甸园之旅就是从这个愿望中诞生的。)”可知, 保罗·萨洛佩克开始了“走出伊甸园之旅”，是为了挖掘重大新闻故事的更深层次内容。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The goal is to deeply explore some of the major news stories of our times by talking to ordinary people who are affected. As Salopek describes it, “It is about slowing down enough to actually inhabit the stories of the day and to get to know the people who are behind the headlines.”(目标是通过与受影响的普通人交谈，深入探索我们这个时代的一些重大新闻故事。正如萨洛佩克所描述的，“这是关于放慢速度，真正融入当天的故事，了解头条新闻背后的人。”)”可知, 慢速新闻报道耗时但却是值得的。故选 A项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第三中学）My dad has watermelon-size muscles and enormous hands. He doesn’t seem like the kind of person who bakes great bread, but he does. Every Saturday he bakes silently by himself. The rest of the week, he’s a car mechanic whose job involves complex lifting, tightening, shaking and hitting. People tend to think of cars as metallic (金属的) members of the family, and Dad seldom lets them down. I kind of understand Dad’s baking routine. Though he’s into the work, customers’ expectation and heavy work weigh him down. When working on the dough (生面团), he returns to a life of ease. I had been feeling stressed out myself since I didn’t qualify for the swim team. I thought Dad had found that and he asked me to help and headed to the kitchen. Though I was surprised, I followed him. Dad took out his mixing bowl, telling me to mix ingredients while he added them. Then he showed me how to process the dough-repeatedly stretching, pounding and folding it. It took ten minutes and a surprising amount of energy to finish. But what came next was harder and more surprising — doing nothing. We put the dough back into the bowl. It took an hour to rise. Then we pressed and stretched it, put it into pans and waited another hour for it to double. “It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough,” Dad explained. When the dough rose at its own pace, time seemed to slow down. We could do nothing to speed that. As I accepted that, I stopped watching the clock and started enjoying the time. My father taught me how to bake, but I learned something more — appreciate the slow pace of time and let the bread rise. 1.What can we learn about the author’s father? A. He is very talkative. B. He takes no interest in baking. C. He is expert at his work. D. He doesn’t like fixing cars. 2.Why does the author’s father make bread every Saturday? A. To get relaxed. B. To kill the time. C. To pursue his hobby. D. To learn a new skill. 3.What is the most difficult part during baking bread according to the author? A. Measuring ingredients. B. Waiting for the dough to rise. C. Processing the dough. D. Controlling the temperature of the oven. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Secrets of Baking B. Influence of My Father C. A Bread Lesson D. A Surprising Leisure Time 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章过描述作者与父亲一起烤面包的经历，不仅展示了烤面包的过程，还深刻反映了作者从这一过程中领悟到的人生哲理——学会欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，让事情自然而然地发展。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People tend to think of cars as metallic (金属的) members of the family, and Dad seldom lets them down.(人们往往把汽车当作家里的金属成员，而爸爸很少让他们失望)”可知，人们往往把汽车当作家里的金属成员，而爸爸很少让他们失望。这表明爸爸在汽车修理工作方面很专业，能够满足客户的需求，所以爸爸是他工作领域的专家。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Though he’s into the work, customers’ expectation and heavy work weigh him down. When working on the dough (生面团), he returns to a life of ease.(虽然他热爱自己的工作，但顾客的期望和繁重的工作还是让他感到压力很大。而在处理生面团的时候，他又回到了轻松惬意的生活状态)”可知，虽然父亲热爱他的汽车修理工作，但顾客的期望和繁重的工作让他感到压力很大。而当他处理生面团时，他又回到了轻松惬意的生活状态。由此可知，父亲每周六烤面包是为了让自己放松，缓解工作带来的压力。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But what came next was harder and more surprising — doing nothing. We put the dough back into the bowl. It took an hour to rise. Then we pressed and stretched it, put it into pans and waited another hour for it to double. “It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough,” Dad explained.(但接下来的事情更难，也更让人惊讶——什么都不做。我们把面团放回碗里，它需要一个小时才能发酵。然后我们按压、拉伸面团，把它放进烤盘里，再等上一个小时，让它膨胀到原来的两倍大。“很难忍住不把面团直接放进烤箱里，但如果你这么做了，面包就会很硬。”爸爸解释道)”可知，作者认为在烤面包过程中，最困难的部分是等待面团发酵。在等待的过程中什么都不能做，需要有足够的耐心，而人们往往很难忍住不把面团直接放进烤箱。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“My father taught me how to bake, but I learned something more — appreciate the slow pace of time and let the bread rise.(我爸爸教我如何烤面包，但我学到了更多的东西——要欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，让面包慢慢发酵)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者因为未入选游泳队而感到压力大，父亲邀请作者一起烤面包。在烤面包的过程中，父亲教作者如何混合食材、处理面团，更重要的是作者从等待面团发酵的过程中领悟到要欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，学会耐心等待。所以选项C“A Bread Lesson(一堂关于烤面包的课)”既包含了父亲教作者烤面包这一行为，又体现了作者从烤面包经历中所学到的人生道理，符合文章主旨。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·广西南宁第二中学·期中）In the mid-19th century, a simple operation could often be a death sentence. Even if a patient survived the surgeon’s knife, they frequently fell victim to deadly infections (感染) afterwards. Hospitals were filled with the smell of decay (腐烂), and surgeons saw infection as an unavoidable part of surgery. Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, was deeply troubled by the high death rates from post-surgical infections. He refused to accept that they were inevitable. While studying wound inflammation, he learned about the work of Louis Pasteur, who proposed that germs (tiny, invisible organisms) caused decay and disease. This was a revolutionary idea at the time. Lister made a brilliant connection. He reasoned that if germs in the air were causing wounds to decay, then the solution was to kill these germs before they could enter the wound. He began experimenting with carbolic acid, a chemical used to treat waste water. He developed a system where he would spray a fine mist of carbolic acid in the air around the operating area, clean surgical tools with it, and soak wound dressings in it. The results were dramatic. The death rate from infection following his surgeries plummeted. Despite his success, Lister faced significant resistance from the medical community. Many senior surgeons believed that Lister was accusing them of being dirty. They were unwilling to change their old ways. However, Lister persisted, patiently publishing his findings and demonstrating his methods. Gradually, as other surgeons adopted his antiseptic techniques, the evidence became undeniable. Surgery was transformed. Lister’s principles of killing germs to prevent infection laid the foundation for modern antiseptic surgery. His work, built on Pasteur’s germ theory, saved countless lives and forever changed the course of medicine, turning surgery from a dreaded last resort into a safe, life-saving practice. 1.What was the common belief about infections in surgery before Lister’s time? A. They were caused by dirty surgical tools. B. They were an unavoidable part of surgery. C. They could be easily treated with chemicals. D. They only happened in unclean hospitals. 2.What was the key idea from Louis Pasteur that inspired Lister? A. The importance of washing hands. B. The use of carbolic acid for cleaning. C. The germ theory of disease. D. The method of spraying chemicals in the air. 3.The word “plummeted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. increased slightly B. remained stable C. rose dramatically D. fell sharply 4.The most appropriate title for the passage would be . A. The Discovery of Germ Theory B. The Life Story of a Great Surgeon C. The Use of Carbolic Acid in Medicine D. The Man Who Conquered Surgical Infection 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了19世纪中期，手术后的感染常常导致死亡，而约瑟夫·李斯特经过研究，创造了一种杀菌方法，大大降低了感染致死率。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hospitals were filled with the smell of decay (腐烂), and surgeons saw infection as an unavoidable part of surgery.(医院里弥漫着腐烂的气味，外科医生认为感染是手术中不可避免的一部分)”可知，在约瑟夫·李斯特发明杀菌方法之前，外科医生认为感染是手术不可避免的一部分。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While studying wound inflammation, he learned about the work of Louis Pasteur, who proposed that germs (tiny, invisible organisms) caused decay and disease.(在研究伤口炎症时，他了解了路易斯·巴斯德的作品，巴斯德提出细菌（微小的、看不见的生物）会导致腐烂和疾病)”和第三段中的“Lister made a brilliant connection. He reasoned that if germs in the air were causing wounds to decay, then the solution was to kill these germs before they could enter the wound.(李斯特建立了一个绝妙的联系。他推断，如果空气中的细菌导致伤口腐烂，那么解决方案就是在这些细菌进入伤口之前杀死它们)”可知，巴斯德提出的细菌会导致腐烂和疾病这一理论给了李斯特启发。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“He developed a system where he would spray a fine mist of carbolic acid in the air around the operating area, clean surgical tools with it, and soak wound dressings in it. The results were dramatic.(他开发了一种系统，在手术区域周围的空气中喷洒石炭酸细雾，用它清洁手术工具，并将伤口敷料浸入其中。结果非常显著)”可知，使用了他的杀菌方法，结果非常显著，由此可推测，感染致死率应该是显著下降了，plummet意为“暴跌”，与D项“剧烈下降”意思一致。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, was deeply troubled by the high death rates from post-surgical infections. He refused to accept that they were inevitable.(英国外科医生约瑟夫·李斯特对术后感染的高死亡率深感不安。他拒绝承认这是不可避免的)”和最后一段中的“His work, built on Pasteur’s germ theory, saved countless lives and forever changed the course of medicine, turning surgery from a dreaded last resort into a safe, life-saving practice.(他的工作建立在巴斯德的细菌理论之上，挽救了无数人的生命，永远改变了医学的进程，将手术从可怕的最后手段转变为安全、挽救生命的做法)”可知，本文主要讲述了李斯特攻克手术感染的故事，他受巴斯德启发，创新消毒技术，克服阻力并最终改变医学。由此可知，D项“攻克手术感染的人”最适合作本文标题。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $