一般现在时（专项训练）-2026-2027学年译林版（三起）英语五年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦一般现在时核心要素，以“概念-规则-结构-应用”为逻辑主线，系统提炼三单变化规则、句式转换方法，通过分层训练提升语言运用能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |三单变化规则|8词形转换+6填空+5单选|规则分类表（一般/特殊变化）|从第三人称单数概念切入，推导动词形式变化规律| |肯定句结构|6填空+8单选|结构公式（主语+动词原形/三单+其他）|基于三单规则构建基本句式，区分主语单复数差异| |否定句结构|4填空+5单选+5句型转换|转换步骤（找主语→判单复数→加don't/doesn't→动词原形）|在肯定句基础上，通过助动词构建否定逻辑| |疑问句结构|5填空+5单选+4句型转换+5提问+5完成句子|疑问句公式（Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他）及回答规范|整合否定句助动词用法，拓展一般/特殊/选择疑问句类型|

一般现在时专项训练 (一) 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 一、第三人称单数概念 在英语中, 句子主语可以分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。 第三人称又分为第三人称复数 (they, the students, my parents 等) 和第三人称单数。 除了I, we, you以及第三人称复数之外, 其余的名词或代词都属于第三人称单数。具体包括： 1. 人称代词 (he, she, it) 2. 单个人名、地名或称呼 3. 单数可数名词或this/that/the＋单数可数名词 4. 不定代词 (someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等) 5. 指示代词 (this, that) 6. 不可数名词 7. 数字或字母 二、一般现在时中, 动词随主语的变化而变化 在一般现在时的肯定句中, 动词的形式取决于主语。 1. 主语为第一人称 (I, we) 、第二人称 (you) 或第三人称复数 (they, my parents, the students等) 时, 动词用原形。如： I get up at 6:30 every day. 我每天六点半起床。 2. 主语为第三人称单数时, 动词必须变成第三人称单数形式。如： She gets up at 6:30 every day. 她每天六点半起床。 三、一般现在时中, 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 规则 例词 一般情况下，直接在动词的词尾加- s write→writes help→helps give→gives 以s、x、o、sh、ch结尾的动词，一般在词尾加- es teach→teaches wash→washes do→does 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加- es cry→cries fly→flies carry→carries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接在词尾加- s play→plays say→says buy→buys 特殊情况 have→has 专项训练（一） 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 1. work 2. carry 3. say 4. cry 5. fix 6. play 7. do 8. run 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. She (write) a novel. 2. My father (buy) a bike for me. 3. Tom (give) a new book to Tina. 4. The cat (sleep) on the sofa. 5. He (study) very hard. 6. Mary (wash) her hands before dinner. 三、单项选择。 ( ) 1. He to school by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. going ( ) 2. My sister English very well. A. speak B. speaks C. speakes ( ) 3. The cat milk. A. like B. likes C. liking ( ) 4. Tom a new bicycle. A. have B. has C. haves ( ) 5. She TV every morning. A. watch B. watches C. watchs (二) 含实义动词的一般现在时的肯定句结构 一、定义 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、现在的状态或客观事实。 二、含实义动词的一般现在时的肯定句结构 1. 主语不是第三人称单数时：当主语是I, you, we, they或任何复数名词 (如my parents, the students, two dogs) 时, 谓语动词用原形。 结构：主语+动词原形+其他. 如：We go to school by bus every day. 我们每天坐公共汽车上学。 2. 主语是第三人称单数时：当主语是he, she, it或任何单数名词 (如my father, the cat, Tom) 时, 谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 结构：主语＋动词第三人称单数形式＋其他. 如：She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。 专项训练（二） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. My brother (play) basketball every Sunday. 2. I (get) up at 6:30 every morning. 3. She (watch) TV in the evening. 4. They (go) to the park on week- ends. 5. Tom (do) his homework at school. 6. The cat (sleep) on the desk. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. My sister to school by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. going ( ) 2. They football after school. A. play B. plays C. playing ( ) 3. He his teeth every morning. A. brush B. brushes C. brushs ( ) 4. I milk for breakfast. A. have B. has C. eat ( ) 5. My father a new car. A. have B. has C. get ( ) 6. The dog loudly at night. A. bark B. barks C. barkes ( ) 7. We our homework in the evening. A. do B. does C. doing ( ) 8. Tom and Jerry running every morning. A. go B. goes C. going (三) 含实义动词的一般现在时的否定句结构 一、概念 当我们想说某人不做某事或者不经常做某事时，就要用到一般现在时的否定句。在含实义动词的否定句中，不能直接在动词后面加not，而需要借助助动词do或does来帮助构成否定形式。 二、结构 主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形 (+其他) 1. 用don't的情况 主语是I/you/we/they或任何复数名词 (如my friends，the children，Tom and Jerry) 时。如： I don't feel good. 我感觉不好。 You don't give up. 你别放弃。 We don't understand. 我们不理解。 2. 用doesn't的情况 主语是he/she/it或任何单数人名、单数事物 (如Tom，my sister，the dog) 时。如： He doesn't feel happy. 他感觉不开心。 She doesn't study hard. 她学习不努力。 My brother doesn't like vegetables. 我的弟弟不喜欢蔬菜。 注意 doesn't是does not的缩略形式，don't是do not的缩略形式。 三、肯定句变成否定句的步骤 1. 找出原句中的主语。 2. 判断主语是不是第三人称单数 (he/she/it／单数人名／单数事物) 。 3. 如果是，在主语后加doesn't。 4. 如果不是，在主语后加don't。 5. 将原句中的动词改为原形。 6. 其余部分 (宾语、状语等) 保持不变。 专项训练（三） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. We (not play) football on rainy days. 2. Lily (not run) fast in the race. 3. He (not feel) happy today. 4. My mother (not do) housework on Monday. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. I feel good today. A. don't B. doesn't C. not ( ) 2. She give up. She tries again. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't ( ) 3. They understand the new word. A. don't B. doesn't C. aren't ( ) 4. He feel worried about the match. A. don't B. doesn't C. not ( ) 5. My brother like playing football. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't 三、将下列句子改为否定句。 1. I feel happy today. 2. She tries hard at the high jump. 3. They play football in the park. 4. Tom does his homework in the evening. 5. The dog barks at strangers. （四）含实义动词的一般现在时的疑问句结构 一般现在时的疑问句用来询问是否经常发生某个动作，或询问与动作相关的信息。当句子中含有实义动词时，需要借助助动词do或does来构成疑问句。 一、一般疑问句 1. 结构： Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ 主语 助动词 动词形式 例句 I/you/we/they/复数名词 Do 动词原形 Do you like swimming? he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词 Does 动词原形 Does she like swimming? 2. 回答： Yes，主语＋do/does. No，主语＋don't/doesn't. 3. 例句： Do you like apples？→Yes, I do. /No, I don't. Does your brother play football? →Yes, he does. /No, he doesn't. 注意 回答中的主语必须用人称代词主格 (如you→I, Tom→he, Mary and Lucy→they)。 二、特殊疑问句 1. 结构：特殊疑问词＋do/does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ 2. 回答：主语＋动词原形／动词第三人称单数形式＋其他. 3. 例句：What do you usually have for breakfast? 你早餐通常吃什么？ Where does your mother work? 你妈妈在哪里工作？ 注意 疑问词作主语时，句子用陈述语序，不加do/does。如： What makes you happy? 什么让你快乐？ Who reads English well? 谁读英语读得好？ 三、选择疑问句 选择疑问句用来问对方在两个选项中选择哪一个，不能用Yes或No回答。 1. 结构：Do/Does ＋主语＋动词原形＋选项A＋or＋选项B？ 2. 回答：直接说出选择的选项 (或完整句子) 。如： - Do you want apple juice or orange juice? 你想要苹果汁还是橙汁？ - Apple juice. 苹果汁。 - Does your brother play football or basketball? 你弟弟踢足球还是打篮球？ - He plays football. 他踢足球。 注意1. 选项A和选项B必须是同类结构 (都是名词、动词短语等) 。 2. 主语是三单时用Does，动词必须用原形。 3. 不能用and连接两个选项。 专项训练（四） 一、用Do或Does填空。 1. your brother like football? 2. they have English class on Monday? 3. the dog eat meat every day? 4. you and your friend go to the park together? 5. she do her homework at school? 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. - your mother like watching TV? - Yes, she . A. Do; do B. Does; do C. Does; does ( ) 2. - What time your father up every day? - At 6:30. A. do; get B. does; get C. does; gets ( ) 3. - you and your brother often go swimming? - No, we A. Do; don't B. Does; doesn't C. Do; do ( ) 4. - Does she her homework at school? - No, she it at home. A. do; do B. does; does C. do; does ( ) 5. - Why your sister like pandas? - Because they are cute. A. do B. does C. is 三、将下列肯定句改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。 1. She reads English every morning. - she English every morning? - Yes, . /No, . 2. We have lunch at twelve o'clock. - you lunch at twelve o'clock? - Yes, . /No, . 3. The shop sells fresh fruit. - the shop fresh fruit? - Yes, . /No, . 4. My friends play basketball on Fridays. - your friends basketball on Fridays? - Yes, . /No, . 四、对画线部分提问。 1. I get up at 6:30. you up? 2. He washes his car on Sundays. he on Sundays? 3. They live in Beijing. they ? 4. She goes to school by bus. she to school? 5. My father works in a hospital. your father ? 五、根据中文意思完成句子。 1. 你哥哥喜欢踢足球吗？ your brother playing football? 2. 你妈妈在哪里工作？ your mother ? 3. 莉莉每天吃肉吗？ Lily meat every day? 4. 你早餐喝牛奶还是果汁？ you milk juice for breakfast? 5. 他们通常几点起床？ they usually up? 参考答案 专项训练（一） 一、1. works 2. carries 3. says 4. cries 5. fixes 6. plays 7. does 8. runs 二、1. writes 2. buys 3. gives 4. sleeps 5. studies 6. washes 三、1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.B 专项训练（二） 一、1. plays 2. get 3. watches 4. go 5. does 6. sleeps 二、1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5.B 6.B 7. A 8. A 专项训练（三） 一、1.don't play 2.doesn't run 3.doesn't feel 4. doesn't do 二、1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 三、1. I don't feel happy today. 2. She doesn't try hard at the high jump. 3. They don't play football in the park. 4. Tom doesn't do his homework in the evening. 5. The dog doesn't bark at strangers. 专项训练（四） 一、1. Does 2. Do 3. Does 4. Do 5. Does 二、1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 解析Does后面用动词原形，do her homework中的do是实义动词原形。 5.B 三、1. Does; read; she does; she doesn't 2. Do; have; we do; we don't 3. Does; sell; it does; it doesn't 4. Do; play; they do; they don't 四、1. What time do; get 2. What does; do 3. Where do; live 4. How does; go 5. Where does; work 五、1. Does; like 2. Where does; work 3. Does; eat 4. Do; drink; or 5. What time do; get 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $