专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，天津专用）高二英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦高二上学期期中阅读理解，涵盖人与社会（文学艺术、科技等）、人与自我（做人做事、生活学习）、人与自然（环境）三大主题，精选天津一中、耀华中学等多校期中真题，素材兼具时代性与思想性，注重语言能力与思维品质培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|多篇（每篇3-6题）|说明文细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测|科技类（如漂浮太阳能板、Swot卫星）考查研究方法与逻辑分析，文化类（如非洲婚礼、无脸网红）渗透跨文化意识，心理类（如选择悖论、门徒效应）引导批判性思维|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）Rome is famous for its numerous museums. Here’re four of them. Capitoline Museum It was founded in 1471. The ticket price may vary, but generally, it’s around 15-20 euros. There’re also discounted tickets available for certain groups such as students and seniors. It’s usually open from 9:30 a. m. -7:30 p. m. However, it may close earlier on some holidays. It houses a vast and diverse collection. There’re a great number of ancient Roman sculptures, including the famous Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius. Baths of Diocletian Museum It was built around the ruins of the ancient baths in 1998. The ticket cost is around 7-10 euros. It’s open from 9 a. m. -7:30 p. m., Tuesday to Sunday. It shows the grandeur of ancient Roman architecture as it’s situated within the remains of the baths. It has a good number of artworks and archaeological finds related to the baths and daily life in ancient Rome. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme It was established in 1889. The entrance fee is approximately 10-12 euros. It also offers combined tickets with other nearby museums. It’s open from 9 a. m. -7:45 p. m. The last entry is usually 45 minutes before closing time. It’s famous for its Roman wall paintings, which are well-preserved and offer a vivid picture of ancient Roman life and art. Ara Pacis Museum It’s eight years younger than Baths of Diocletian Museum. The entrance fee is usually about 10-12 euros. It’s open from 9:30 a. m. -7:30 p. m. It’s devoted to the Altar of Augustan Peace. The museum provides a unique view of Roman imperial art and history through its exhibits. It has detailed reliefs (浮雕) on the altar that show religious ceremonies, mythological scenes, and the imperial family. These reliefs are important for understanding the ideology and aesthetics (美学) of the Augustan period. 1.What is special about Baths of Diocletian Museum? A. It’s closed on Saturdays. B. It offers discounted tickets. C. It’s set within the ruins. D. It’s aimed at young people. 2.Which is the second oldest of the four museums? A. Capitoline Museum. B. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme. C. Baths of Diocletian Museum. D. Ara Pacis Museum. 3.What do the four museums have in common? A. They open at the same time in the morning. B. They gradually tend to feature modern works. C. They demonstrate the history of ancient Rome. D. They integrate ancient Rome into modernity. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·天津耀华中学·期中）Solar panels (太阳能板) — also known as “photovoltaic” panels — are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”. The idea isn’t as unusual as it might seem. After all, any solar panel has to be waterproof, since it will be out in the rain. There are already several large floatovoltaic farms in Asia. On land, so panels are held up by special frames (框架). On the water, floatovoltaics are placed on a floating platform attached to the bottom of a lake or reservoir (水库). Floating solar panels cost about 25% more than those placed on land. The researchers behind the new study looked at 145,555 reservoirs worldwide. They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. The answer was surprisingly large — more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year and 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world. Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people would use in a year. There are several other reasons that make floatovoltaics a good idea. Photovoltaic panels work better when they’re not extremely hot. The water helps cool the panels so that they create more energy. Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect. Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could affect the plants and animals in the water. The scientists say it will be important to study how floating panels will affect water in each reservoir. Focusing first on man-made reservoirs will avoid some of those problems. 1.What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A. To list solar panels’ unusual functions. B. To show disadvantages of solar panels on land. C. To make a comparison between different solar panels. D. To introduce the workability of floating solar panels. 2.How did researchers carry out the new study? A. By making computer-aided estimates. B. By building floatovoltaic farms in the US. C. By looking at reservoirs worldwide. D. By processing data given by specialists. 3.What do we know about floating solar panels? A. They are perfect except for the high cost. B. They function well in extreme hot weather. C. They will eventually replace photovoltaic panels. D. They may cause potential harm to water ecosystem. 4.What is the suitable title for the text? A. Floating Solarpanels — Our Final Choice. B. Floating Solarpanels — Taking Us Back to Water. C. Floating Solarpanels — Making Energy, Saving Water. D. Floating Solarpanels — A New Way to Cool the Planet. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology, it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface. The major mission is to explore how oceans absorb atmospheric heal and CO2 in a natural process that adjusts climate change. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan (查看) the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist. By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible. “Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total game changer,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader. 1.What do the underlined words “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Technology. B. Climate. C. Oceans. D. Water. 2.What is the major mission of Swot satellite? A. To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2. B. To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being. C. To identify when global warming is worsened. D. To study how oceans influence climate change. 3.What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely? A. The high-definition computer. B. Advanced radar technology. C. The three-dimensional image. D. An accurate map of elevations. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. First Global Water Survey from Space B. Successful Launch of Swot Satellite C. A Breakthrough in Space Travel D. A Solution to Climate Change 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）Do you know the Paradox (悖论) of Choice? Let me explain it to you with a fruity example. If I was to generously offer you an apple from my glorious basket of fruit, and present you with two different choices, chances are that you’d quickly make a choice. You’d then likely walk away, feeling happy and content with your choice. So far so good. However, what might happen if I was to do the same, but get you to choose from a bigger basket of different varieties? Chances are that you might take longer to make a choice — struggling to weigh up the benefits of each. After thinking for a while, you might experience brain fog and frustration and decide you don’t want an apple after all. Or, you might choose one and walk off with it, only to wonder if you made the correct choice. And, if by chance you actually chose the very same apple as you did in our first example, the chances are that it wouldn’t taste quite as good. You can understand the reason for this when you read about the theory of loss aversion. Put simply, studies have found that a loss has more than twice the psychological impact of an equivalent gain. It’s more preferable to avoid losing £5 than to gain £5. Such is the pain of regret in losing out through making a “poor choice”. The Paradox of Choice is common in modern society. We live in a world of endless choice. Never have human beings been surrounded by such plentiful supply and convenience. Thus, we’ve been suffering a great deal. However, one idea that I’ve found helpful is to get into a habit of setting a time limit on making choices and feeling happy with that. To adopt this idea requires us to become happy with finding something that’s good enough, without necessarily being the best. We could recognize that our time is more important than the need to get an extra 10% on top of what is already good enough. 1.What probably happened when you chose an apple from the bigger basket? A. You made a quick choice. B. You made a wrong choice. C. You were happy with your choice. D. You were dissatisfied with your choice. 2.What does the underlined word “aversion” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Dislike. B. Regret. C. Indecision. D. Anxiety. 3.Which of the following best describes the Paradox of Choice? A. More is less. B. The more, the happier. C. Better safe than sorry. D. Don’t cry over spilt milk. 4.What does the author suggest readers do? A. Make informed choices. B. Stay positive and happy. C. Settle for good enough choices. D. Consider time as the most important. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·天津第四十七中学·期中）Over breakfast this morning, I enjoyed a short chat with Mia, my new Spanish study buddy. I explained what I had learned about the psychology of happiness from a Spanish-language podcast. By the end of the ten-minute conversation, I felt that I had mastered more of the language than if I’d done an hour of textbook exercises. Mia, however, does not exist in real life. It is an AI that I created to take advantage of a phenomenon called the “protege effect” (门徒效应). According to research, we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The effect has its roots in the principle of “learning by teaching,” pioneered in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher working in Germany. To improve his students’ language learning, he had them research and present different parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities, and it soon spread to many other schools in the country. Later, a group of Stanford scientists tested the idea. In a pioneering experiment, Catherine Chase asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to study how fever affects the body. Over two lessons, the students had to read a text and then create a flowchart. Half the teens did the exercise as a form of self-study, while the others were told that their diagram would help to teach a virtual character. At the end, those in the teaching role had learned considerably more of the material, with much stronger performance on tests. Chase named this the protege effect, and it has since been replicated (复制) many times. These later studies suggest that learning by teaching is more powerful than other memory techniques. The brain boost appears to arise as much from the expectation of teaching as the act itself. If we know that others are going to learn from us, we feel a sense of responsibility to provide the right information. As a result, we make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before passing our knowledge on to others. This process then helps to enhance what we have learned. To put the protege effect into practice, a face-to-face conversation with a human partner is ideal, but it can be hard to find one. Fortunately, there are other ways. You might choose to present your progress as a blog or video aimed at other learners. Or you might, like me, choose to chat with an AI. I prompt (instruct) ChatGPT to act as a curious Spanish student, Mia, who listens to what I’ve been learning and asks suitable questions and follow-ups. With voice features, I can practice speaking as well. Though it felt awkward to talk to my computer at first, I became more confident in real-life interactions after just a few weeks. 1.Jean-Pol Martin’s teaching method is mentioned in the text to ______. A. highlight the role of student competition in learning B. contrast Eastern and Western educational philosophies C. provide historical context for the concept’s development D. demonstrate the inefficiency of teacher-centered instruction 2.The author mentions Catherine Chase’s study to show that ______. A. flowcharts are useful tools to learn science B. self-study is more effective than group learning C. virtual characters cannot replace human teachers D. learning by teaching is supported by scientific evidence 3.What does Paragraph 4 imply about the protege effect? A. It encourages learners to avoid uncertain topics entirely. B. It motivates deeper learning by creating a sense of duty. C. It promotes systematic review of previously mastered material. D. It relies on external feedback to correct errors in comprehension. 4.With regard to applying the “protege effect,” the author would most agree that ______. A. teaching real people is best but not always possible B. chatting with AI is as effective as real-life interactions C. overcoming the initial discomfort of teaching is the key D. presenting learning progress publicly offers greater benefits 5.The author’s personal experience with Mia is introduced primarily to ______. A. criticize the limitations of traditional language learning methods B. illustrate the practical application of a psychological phenomenon C. emphasize the superiority of AI over human interaction in education D. showcase the technical complexities of creating virtual study partners 6.The author’s attitude to using AI for the protege effect can be described as ______. A. overly enthusiastic without practical support B. entirely unconcerned about non-human interactions C. cautiously optimistic despite initial discomfort D. strongly skeptical due to technological limitations 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·天津双菱中学·期中）Africa is a large and varied continent containing some of the oldest civilizations on earth. It is home to a wide diversity of religions and cultures, and this colorful diversity is reflected in its diverse and colorful weddings traditions. An African wedding is, more than anything, the bringing together of two people as a single family, or the combining of two families or even the mixture of two tribes into one family unit. The concept of family is one of the unifying ideas of the African continent. There are more than 1,000 cultural units in Africa and each culture, each tribe has its own wedding and marriage traditions, many of which can trace their origins back hundreds or even thousands of years. There are also many different religions represented in Africa. Many northern Africans, especially, have been influenced by Muslim traditions, while further south there are more Christian, Hindu, and even Jewish traditions with more ancient traditions. In many places in Africa young girls are trained to be good wives from an early age. They may even learn secret codes and secret languages that allow them to talk with other married women without their husbands understanding what is being said. Depending on which part of Africa you are in, wedding ceremonies can be extremely elaborate, some lasting many days. Often huge ceremonies are held during which many couples are united at the same time. In Sudan and in other areas along the Nile a man must pay his wife’s family in sheep or cattle for the loss of their daughter’s labor in support of the family. A wife may cost a man as many as 30 to 40 head of cattle. In Somalia a man is allowed to have as many as four wives if he can support them all, and it is not uncommon for a girl to be engaged before she is even born. Bright festive colors, song, dance, and music are vital elements of many African wedding ceremonies. Common to all wedding ceremonies is the concept of changing between childhood and adulthood. In many African cultures children are encouraged to marry as young as 13 to 15 years of age, as soon as they have reached physical adulthood. 1.When two young get married in Africa it means ________. A. they will explore a wide diversity of religions B. they will live together for the rest of their life C. they will contribute to the union of African tribes D. they will have a chance to enjoy their romance 2.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. All the tribes in Africa have the same belief. B. Africa witnesses varieties of marriage traditions. C. Most of Africans are believers in Islam. D. People in South Africa are all Christians. 3.Young girls learn secret languages ________. A. to have a good communication with their husbands B. to give their children a good education in the future C. to gain the ability to talk with other married women D. to master the skills about having communication 4.What does the underlined word “elaborate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Similar. B. Familiar. C. Difficult. D. Different. 5.It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. wedding ceremonies are full of happiness B. there are more men than women in Somalia C. the cattle are well worth a lot of money D. Africans prefer dancing to anything else 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·天津河西·期中）Progress is something that everyone looks forward to, whether in personal life or in society. It represents our ability to change and improve the way we live. Progress is often linked to better ways of doing things. However, this idea of progress holds true only if we embrace technology and continuously seek more efficient ways of doing things. Yet, for many people, especially those who long for the “good old days”, progress inevitably comes with sacrifices. With the rise of new technology, efficiency has greatly improved. Communication, for example, has become much more efficient. Today, people can connect with each other instantly, no matter where they are in the world. With just a click of a button, we can talk or even see each other without leaving our homes. Personal visits, where we spend time together in real life, have become less common. With mobile phones and tablets, people often no longer make the effort to visit friends and family in person, even though face-to-face interactions hold unique value in building closer relationships. Another area where progress brings both benefits and challenges is in mass production. Factories today are much more efficient, thanks to machines and automation. This has allowed goods to be produced in large quantities with greater accuracy than human hands could ever achieve. However, the downside is that this efficiency often comes at the cost of the “personal touch”. Many items that were once handcrafted are now produced in factories. While mass production allows supply to meet demand quickly, it often leads to a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, for example, are unique and full of character, but mass-produced versions lack individuality and the same level of craftsmanship. Despite these challenges, it is important not to view progress from a one-sided perspective. In fact, progress has also allowed tradition to survive. Modern technology can help preserve old products and techniques, ensuring that traditional crafts are not lost. Through new technology, many old products can be revived and brought back to their original state. Ultimately, it is people’s attitude towards progress that determines the influence technology has on society. Technology itself is flexible — it can be used in various ways depending on how we choose to apply it. The greatest challenges of progress come from those who are unwilling to adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use progress in a way that fits our needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past. 1.According to Paragraph 1, what is necessary for progress to occur? A. Rejecting new ideas. B. Holding on to traditional ways. C. Pursuing comfort over innovation. D. Accepting technology and advances steadily. 2.The examples in Paragraph 2 illustrate____________. A. efficiency improvements often come with a price B. technology presents few significant drawbacks C. the “good old days” offered greater efficiency D. face-to-face interactions are unnecessary 3.What does the author say about mass production? A. It has lacked great accuracy. B. It has increased product costs. C. It has reduced individuality in products. D. It has entirely replaced handcrafted items. 4.What is the author’s view on the relationship between progress and tradition? A. Progress often destroys tradition. B. Progress can help protect tradition. C. Progress weakens traditional values. D. Progress and tradition cannot exist together. 5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Technology must be applied in a fixed manner. B. Progress should be adapted to meet societal needs. C. People tend to look back on the past with deep regret. D. The impact of technology depends on people’s attitude. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·天津部分重点校联考·期中）Most of us don’t put much thought into the way we smile when we have our picture taken or meet someone new, but a recent study by scientists in the US found that certain types of smiles have a better impact on people than others. According to the study, having a “good” smile is an important way to present ourselves well to other people. “A lot of people don’t understand how important their smiles are and how important this aspect of communication we do with each other every day is,” said Stephen Guy, a co-author of the research. But what exactly is a good smile, and how did the scientists come to their conclusion? A group of 802 members of the public, aging from 18 to 82, were shown a 3D animated face. The face displayed different types of smiles, and the subjects were asked to rate them, from “creepy” to “pleasant”. After analyzing the results, the scientists discovered that the “best” smiles are the ones where the mouth is at an angle of between 13 and 17 degrees, and the mouth isn’t too broad or perfectly straight. In simple terms, don’t smile like a shark if you’re trying to make a good impression. It’s believed that the findings could be used in a number of ways, including making video game characters appear more realistic. The scientists also hope their work will help doctors who are trying to restore facial movement to patients who have suffered from strokes or other conditions. But Guy pointed out that nobody should feel bad if they don’t match up to his study’s definition of perfection. “It is important to be clear that there is not just one really, really good smile,” he said. “Just because your smile is different…doesn’t mean it is in any way bad.” 1.The scientists’ conclusion is supported by ________. A. professional research that was conducted B. questionnaires collected by researchers C. theories that have been proved D. experiments that were carried out in the past 2.What can we learn about a good smile according to the study? A. The broader your mouth is, the better your smile will be. B. There is no good smile at all. C. It has something to do with the angle of your mouth. D. The smile is bad if it doesn’t match up to the definition of perfection. 3.To which aspect can we apply the scientists’ findings? A. Bringing facial movement back. B. Curing severe strokes. C. Solving all kinds of problems. D. Playing video games. 4.What can be inferred from the passage about the study on smiles? A. It aims to establish a universal standard for smiling. B. It acknowledges the diversity of smiles while providing guidelines. C. It primarily focuses on the medical applications of smiling. D. It has been widely accepted by the public. 5.What could be the best title for the passage? A. What Are the Benefits of Smiling? B. Why Is Smiling Important? C. What Are the Different Ways of Smiling? D. What’s a Good Smile? Passage 3 （25-26高二上·天津河北·期中）For the first time in history, there are more people above the age of 65 than children below the age of five. As populations grow older, aging societies will begin to face major challenges — such as the provision (提供) of health care. Elderly people have a higher chance of suffering from illnesses. One common health problem that affects elderly people is Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病). Alzheimer’s affects a person’s memory, behavior, and thinking. Because of memory loss and behavioral changes, people with Alzheimer’s may slowly become unable to take care of themselves, eventually requiring constant care from family members or caregivers. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s at the moment — drugs can only treat its symptoms (症状). But technology can improve the lives of those living with the condition. For example, tracking devices placed in watches can show where a person is. Automated (自动化的) reminders can also be stored in motion sensors (运动传感器) and placed around the house. When a sensor detects movement, it can play a recorded voice message to remind the person to lock the door or turn off the light. Alzheimer’s disease is a huge challenge, but we may be getting close to finding a solution. In the future, it might be possible to treat Alzheimer’s without using drugs. A team of researchers in Australia has created a form of technology that can send sound waves into the brain. These sound waves help to clear waste in the brain that results in Alzheimer’s. The team has tested their technology and found that it helped to restore (恢复) memory in 75 percent of mice. Work on the technology isn’t complete, but, if successful, it could prevent memory loss in people with Alzheimer’s. “I think this really does fundamentally (根本地) change our understanding of how to treat this disease,” says Professor Jurgen Götz, a co-author of the study, “and I foresee a great future for this approach.” 1.Which paragraph talks about how Alzheimer’s affects elderly people? A. Paragraph 2. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. D. Paragraph 5. 2.What does the author want to show by mentioning the examples in Paragraph 3? A. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. B. People with Alzheimer’s need great care. C. Alzheimer’s can greatly affect people’s health. D. Technology can make the lives of people with Alzheimer’s better. 3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Aging societies don’t need to worry about healthcare. B. The new technology has been widely used in hospitals. C. People with severe Alzheimer’s can’t live independently. D. The solution to Alzheimer’s disease has been discovered. 4.What is Götz’s attitude to his study? A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Regretful. D. Grateful. 5.What is the primary focus of the passage? A. Historical changes in global population trends. B. Impacts of aging societies on healthcare systems. C. The causes and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. D. Technology development for Alzheimer’s disease-related challenges. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·天津耀华中学·期中）Imagine journeying down the highway when you notice your fuel tank running low. Your GPS indicates 10 gas stations. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. You pass the first handful and observe their prices before approaching one with a seemingly good deal. Do you stop, without knowing how sweet the bargains could get up the road? Or do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? How do you decide when to explore further and when to decide on a choice? As a fascinating recent Big Think article explains in detail, no matter what choice you’ re making, mathematicians claim the 37 percent rule applies. Spend the first 37 percent of your decision-making process gathering information and committing to nothing. After that, choose the next option that comes along that’s better than everything you’ve seen before. This rule gives you the highest probability of making the superior choice. Applying this precise rule will simplify messy reality. If you’ve given yourself a month to hunt for a most comfortable apartment, the 37 percent rule suggests you spend the first third or so of that surveying the market and making no decisions. If you’re hiring an assistant and plan to interview 10 candidates, let the first three go by. Then choose the next person who beats that first bunch. What if an absolutely brilliant candidate just happens to be the first one you come across? Following this rule might end up complaining and wondering, “What if?” It is true that matters of the heart aren’t logical, and this rule only maximizes probabilities. It doesn’t guarantee success. So if lightning strikes or the angels sing and you’ re absolutely sure you’ve found the perfect match for you, don’t let inflexible rules stand in the way. But even if it’s unwise to blindly follow the 37 percent rule in every instance, that doesn’t make it unhelpful. Spending roughly the first third of your decision-making process gathering information can help you resist fear of missing out. Knowing that you should secure the first candidate who beats the options you previously explored can help you gather the courage to make decisions. 1.What does the underlined phrase “the bird in hand” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. A sweeter bargain ahead. B. The first GPS recommendation. C. The previous cheaper gas station. D. A more suitable route on the journey. 2.Which of the following is an example of the 37 percent rule? A. Choosing the 1st from 100. B. Choosing the 36th from 100. C. Choosing the 37th from 100. D. Choosing the 38th from 100. 3.What is the writing purpose of paragraph 4? A. To offer a reminder. B. To give an example. C. To prove a conclusion. D. To make an assumption. 4.How does the 37 percent rule benefit us? A. It boosts our self-confidence. B. It enhances our ability to analyze data. C. It strengthens our links with the society. D. It improves our decision-making efficiency. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·天津双菱中学·期中）Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it, doesn’t mean it’s true. The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck! 1.You need to build a positive self-image when you ________. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 2.According to the passage, our self-images ________. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 3.How should you change your self-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 5.Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Teenagers. C. Educators. D. People in general. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·天津第二十中学-11月·期中）Giving blood regularly may not just be saving the lives of other people, it could also be improving your own blood’s health at a genetic level, according to a new study. A team of researchers compared samples from 217 men who had given blood more than 100 times in their lives, to samples from 212 men who had donated less than 10 times, to look for any variance in blood health. While the differences were subtle, the frequent donors’ blood was more likely to have beneficial mutations (突变) in a gene called DNMT3A. Other mutations in DNMT3A have been previously linked to blood cancer. “Our work is a fascinating example of how our genes interact with the environment as we age,” says stem cell biologist Dominique Bonnet, from The Francis Crick Institute in the UK. Specifically, the team looked at blood stem cells, which produce more blood cells on demand. As we get older, these mechanisms can start to break down, leading to problems with blood cancers such as leukemia (白血病). Blood loss triggers the production of the hormone erythropoietin (促红细胞生成素激素). In lab tests on blood stem cells treated with erythropoietin, the researchers found those with the DNMT3A mutation produced blood faster than those without the mutation. This suggests frequent blood loss leads to more production of the beneficial mutations (突变)blood cells. Research in mice shows the DNMT3A mutation results in healthier blood levels after the stress of blood loss. “Activities that put low levels of stress on blood cell production allow our blood stem cells to renew and we think this favors mutations that further promote stem cell growth rather than disease,” says Bonnet. However, there are limitations to consider. Blood donors are more likely to be healthier anyway (it’s a condition of giving blood), so figuring out any additional health benefit is tricky, because it might actually come from being in better shape to begin with. “Our sample size is quite modest, so we can’t say that blood donation definitely decreases the occurrence of pre-leukemic mutations,” says Bonnet. In the US, there’s such an urgent need for blood donors that someone needs blood or platelets (small fragments in blood) every two seconds. Having healthier blood is an added bonus. While waiting for more detailed studies to confirm these findings, the study tells us more about how blood cancers can get started in the first place. “We’re now aiming to work out how these different types of mutations play a role in developing leukemia or not, and whether they can be targeted therapeutics,” says stem cell biologist Hector Huerga Encabo, from the Francis Crick Institute. 1.What was the primary focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. The genetic differences between frequent and occasional blood donors. B. The role of erythropoietin in blood cell production. C. The relationship between blood donation and leukemia. D. The therapeutic applications of DNMT3A mutations 2.According to the research, blood loss affects blood stem cells in that ______. A. It triggers the production of cancerous cells in the DNMT3A gene B. It accelerates the growth of cells with beneficial DNMT3A mutations C. It benefits the overall health condition of the donors D. It weakens the regenerative capacity of blood stem cells 3.What limitation does the study acknowledge? A. Donors’ genetic backgrounds were not fully accounted for. B. Donors’ pre-existing health conditions might influence results. C. Erythropoietin levels were not measured in the experiment. D. Mouse models cannot accurately reflect human genetic mechanisms. 4.Based on the passage, the research team’s next goal is ______. A. to develop a new drug targeting DNMT3A mutations B. to conduct large-scale human trials of erythropoietin therapy C. to determine which DNMT3A mutations directly cause leukemia D. to analyze environmental factors influencing blood donation behavior Passage 2 （25-26高二上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 1.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 2.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 3.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 4.According to the text, which of the following is true about the students in Urban Sprouts? A. They all lived in areas with abundant green spaces before joining the program. B. Some of them began growing vegetables at home after getting interested in gardening. C. Most of them had the habit of eating fresh vegetables regularly before the program. D. They rarely communicated with their parents about their eating habits after the classes. 5.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·天津第五十五中学·期中）According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 1.What do solar developers often ignore? A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology. 2.What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development. C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·天津河东·期中）In the world of social media, the most successful influencers often live under the spotlight, constantly promoting themselves, with their faces appearing frequently across feeds(推送). However, in recent years, a new kind of content creator has appeared: the faceless influencer. These individuals create content without showing their faces. “I think a lot of content creators who show their faces feel pressure and judgment about their looks or identity,” Victoria, a faceless influencer, told The Hollywood Reporter. She regularly posts on TikTok, YouTube and Instagram, sharing daily life vlogs, such as hair care routines or baking. Many faceless influencers often highlight a certain lifestyle or promote brands and products without revealing who they are. As social media becomes filled with fast-paced, attention-grabbing videos, faceless content offers a refreshing change. “They usually just show hands moving, and the spaces they create content in are very clean and organized, which attracts you,” Caroline Moss, a podcast host, told The Hollywood Reporter. Protecting privacy is another reason for the rise of faceless content. It appeals to those who care more about their online image. “I don’t love being on camera — I think it’s very awkward being seen,” Lois Chartrand, another faceless creator, told The Hollywood Reporter. As a mother, she likes that filming faceless videos means she doesn’t have to do her hair and makeup. Since faceless content often centers on products, many creators have partnered with brands looking to reach new audiences. But they also face pressures. Some wonder if they are easier to replace with AI. There is also the risk of being copied by other influencers. “It can be challenging to stand out when there’s no physical identity, so it’s important for me to always add a personal touch,” faceless creator Victoria Ortega told The Economist. 1.What is one of the main characteristics of faceless influencers? A. They always show their faces in the content. B. They create content without revealing themselves. C. They only post on one social media platform. D. They never promote any brands or products. 2.According to Victoria, why do some content creators choose to remain faceless? A. To create a sense of mystery for viewers. B. To hide their lack of confidence. C. To avoid stress about their appearance. D. To focus more on the quality of their content. 3.What is one of the reasons for the rise of faceless content? A. Content creators who show their faces never feel pressure. B. People don’t like their online image. C. It helps content creators protect their privacy. D. Faceless content can help make more money. 4.Why does Lois Chartrand prefer creating faceless content? A. To save more time for her family. B. To draw viewers’ full attention to the product. C. To better work with different companies. D. To stay private and simplify the creation process. 5.What challenge do faceless influencers face, according to the text? A. They can’t reach new audiences easily. B. They risk being replaced by AI or copied by others. C. They struggle to make their content reliable. D. They sometimes face unreasonable demands. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·天津滨海紫云中学教育集团·期中）Lens fogging (镜片起雾) has been troubling glasses wearers for as long as glasses have existed; it happens more often to those needing to wear masks (口罩). Researchers from ETH Zurich in Switzerland may have finally come up with a lasting solution to the problem that works whether someone is wearing a mask, or they’ve just come inside from the cold. There’s no real mystery as to the foggy lenses. It happens when moisture (水分) in wet air, or from someone’s breath, hits a glasses lens that’s colder than said moisture, which then becomes obvious drops. It happens a lot in the winter, when people are coming in from the outside to warm places, or when people breathe out with masks, the warm, wet air goes upwards. It’s also a problem that plagues car windows, making it hard for a driver to see. The simple solution here is to heat the windows. But adding electric heaters to glasses, which are designed to be lightweight and comfortable to wear, isn’t really a choice. So ETH Zurich researchers came up with another way to heat glasses lenses. They rely on a new type of glass coating that effectively does the same thing. The coating is made from very thin gold in such small amounts that the added cost would be very small. The gold takes in a kind of light from the sun, causing glasses lenses to heat up to eight degrees. By doing this, it can prevent moisture in the air from forming on the glasses. The coating also cannot be seen by human eyes, not influencing people’s views. Because it’s so thin, the coating can even be applied to surfaces that are not flat. But this method isn’t perfect. As the gold draws the energy it needs to heat lenses from the sun, the coating won’t do much good in the winter months, when it starts to get dark by late afternoon. But the researchers believe that even a small amount of electricity, like from a battery hidden away in the arms of a pair of glasses, would be enough. And with gold being one of the most valuable metals on earth and still in high demand, the researchers are looking for other metals to replace it. 1.What has annoyed glasses wearers for long? A. The need to wear masks. B. Lenses being broken easily. C. Lenses often getting foggy. D. Discomfort of wearing glasses. 2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. How to keep your glasses clear. B. When moisture becomes drops. C. What weakness glasses have. D. Why glasses get foggy. 3.What does the underlined word “plagues” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Changes. B. Controls. C. Troubles. D. Measures. 4.The gold coating prevents fog’s formation by ________. A. making the glasses reflective B. using sunlight to heat the glasses C. smoothing the surface of the glasses D. taking in the moisture on the glasses 5.What’s a disadvantage of the coating? A. It’s limited by temperature. B. It’s used on few surfaces. C. It’s not thin enough. D. It’s energy-wasting. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·天津滨海紫云中学教育集团·期中）One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty wo have in accepting things as they are. When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something ingrained (根深蒂固的) in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that wo decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it. ” In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful (悲伤的) to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is. This can be applied to whatever you do; how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen!” Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing. Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept, and understand. It might lead to some interesting results. 1.The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________. A. it is our natural emotion in the life B. culture asks us to be different from others C. everyone has their own opinions on things D. we dislike something as they are 2.Some readers think the words in the author’s book is too ________. A. depressing B. frightening C. delighting D. idealistic 3.In Paragraph 4, the underlined word “it” refers to ________. A. acting well at work and in politics B. feeling depressed for the news media C. accepting and understanding what has happened D. saying something negative when bad things come 4.In the last paragraph, you are advised ________. A. to change things as much as possible B. to refuse what you have to do in the work C. to judge yourself and make a wish for you D. to try a new way when making the world better 5.What is the main theme of the passage? A. Expecting things to be different gives us hope. B. Accepting can make our life happier and better. C. Traditional culture becomes root of unhappiness. D. Judging good or bad is important for our world. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·天津河东·期中）For years, caffeine has been the “drug” of choice in many cultures. Caffeine has been considered socially acceptable because it is found in drinks like tea or coffee. People who consume (饮用) a lot of caffeine-based drinks may think they are addicted. But if they stop using such drinks, they will experience slightly uncomfortable for a few days. The real addiction may be emotional. Many people claim they cannot start their day unless they get their “fix” — a cup or two of coffee. Even young people who may not touch tea or coffee are still putting caffeine into their bodies when they have energy drinks, which have high amounts of caffeine. Caffeine is a bitter substance found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and some medicines. It has many effects on the body, including helping to activate the central nervous system. This can make you more awake and give you increased energy. American experts say drinking two to four cups of coffee a day is not harmful for most people. But it warns that too much caffeine can make you irritable and worried. It may also cause headaches, abnormal heartbeats and other problems. They also say pregnant women should limit their consumption of caffeine because caffeine may affect how the body reacts to some drugs and vitamins. Would you like a drink of coffee or tea? A mathematical study showed that few people have Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) in countries where people drink a lot of tea. Especially black tea — might be the best choice. It found black tea is better for your health than coffee. However, coffee is one of the world’s most popular drinks — perhaps the most popular. Results of a large American study may help to make it even more popular. The study showed that drinking coffee might help reduce the risk of oral or pharyngeal (咽部) cancer, a deadly form of cancer. 1.Which of the following is NOT a source of caffeine? A. Tea. B. Milk. C. Chocolate. D. Soft drinks. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Drinking coffee can help cure oral cancer. B. Caffeine can help the body absorb the vitamins. C. Drinking coffee all day has no effect to most people. D. Pregnant women had better not drink coffee. 3.The underlined word “irritable” in Paragraph 3 probably means A. energetic B. angry C. calm D. dull 4.What can be found from the mathematical study? A. Coffee is more popular than tea in the world. B. Drinking black tea may reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. C. Few people have Type 2 diabetes in countries where people prefer coffee. D. Coffee is better for health than black tea. 5.The author’s attitude towards tea or coffee is ________. A. approving B. objective C. negative D. doubtful / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）Rome is famous for its numerous museums. Here’re four of them. Capitoline Museum It was founded in 1471. The ticket price may vary, but generally, it’s around 15-20 euros. There’re also discounted tickets available for certain groups such as students and seniors. It’s usually open from 9:30 a. m. -7:30 p. m. However, it may close earlier on some holidays. It houses a vast and diverse collection. There’re a great number of ancient Roman sculptures, including the famous Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius. Baths of Diocletian Museum It was built around the ruins of the ancient baths in 1998. The ticket cost is around 7-10 euros. It’s open from 9 a. m. -7:30 p. m., Tuesday to Sunday. It shows the grandeur of ancient Roman architecture as it’s situated within the remains of the baths. It has a good number of artworks and archaeological finds related to the baths and daily life in ancient Rome. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme It was established in 1889. The entrance fee is approximately 10-12 euros. It also offers combined tickets with other nearby museums. It’s open from 9 a. m. -7:45 p. m. The last entry is usually 45 minutes before closing time. It’s famous for its Roman wall paintings, which are well-preserved and offer a vivid picture of ancient Roman life and art. Ara Pacis Museum It’s eight years younger than Baths of Diocletian Museum. The entrance fee is usually about 10-12 euros. It’s open from 9:30 a. m. -7:30 p. m. It’s devoted to the Altar of Augustan Peace. The museum provides a unique view of Roman imperial art and history through its exhibits. It has detailed reliefs (浮雕) on the altar that show religious ceremonies, mythological scenes, and the imperial family. These reliefs are important for understanding the ideology and aesthetics (美学) of the Augustan period. 1.What is special about Baths of Diocletian Museum? A. It’s closed on Saturdays. B. It offers discounted tickets. C. It’s set within the ruins. D. It’s aimed at young people. 2.Which is the second oldest of the four museums? A. Capitoline Museum. B. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme. C. Baths of Diocletian Museum. D. Ara Pacis Museum. 3.What do the four museums have in common? A. They open at the same time in the morning. B. They gradually tend to feature modern works. C. They demonstrate the history of ancient Rome. D. They integrate ancient Rome into modernity. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了罗马的四个著名博物馆，包括它们的建立时间、门票价格、开放时间以及各自的特色藏品等信息。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据关于Baths of Diocletian Museum的描述“It shows the grandeur of ancient Roman architecture as it’s situated within the remains of the baths(由于它位于浴场遗址内，它展现了古罗马建筑的宏伟)”可知，这个博物馆的特别之处在于它位于遗址内。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Capitoline Museum”部分“It was founded in 1471(它建于1471年)”可知Capitoline Museum建立于1471年；根据“Baths of Diocletian Museum”部分“It was built around the ruins of the ancient baths in 1998 (它于1998年围绕古浴场的废墟而建)”可知Baths of Diocletian Museum建立于1998年；根据“Palazzo Massimo alle Terme”部分“It was established in 1889 (它建于1889年)”可知Palazzo Massimo alle Terme建立于1889年；根据“Ara Pacis Museum”部分“It’s eight years younger than Baths of Diocletian Museum (它比Baths of Diocletian Museum晚8年建立)”可知Ara Pacis Museum比Baths of Diocletian Museum晚8年建立，即2006年建立。所以四个博物馆中第二古老的是Palazzo Massimo alle Terme。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Rome is famous for its numerous museums. Here’re four of them.( 罗马以其众多博物馆而闻名。以下是其中四个)”以及“Capitoline Museum”部分“There’re a great number of ancient Roman sculptures, including the famous Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius (那里有许多古罗马雕像，包括著名的马可·奥勒留骑马像)”、“Baths of Diocletian Museum”部分“It shows the grandeur of ancient Roman architecture as it’s situated within the remains of the baths. It has a good number of artworks and archaeological finds related to the baths and daily life in ancient Rome (它展示了古罗马建筑的宏伟，因为它坐落在浴场的遗迹之中。那里有许多与浴场以及古罗马日常生活相关的艺术作品和考古发现)”、“Palazzo Massimo alle Terme”部分“It’s famous for its Roman wall paintings, which are well-preserved and offer a vivid picture of ancient Roman life and art (它以其罗马壁画而闻名，这些壁画保存完好，生动地展现了古罗马的生活和艺术)”以及“Ara Pacis Museum”部分“The museum provides a unique view of Roman imperial art and history through its exhibits (该博物馆通过其展品提供了对罗马帝国艺术和历史的独特视角)”可知，本文对四个博物馆进行了介绍，Capitoline Museum有很多古罗马雕塑；Baths of Diocletian Museum有很多与浴场和古罗马日常生活相关的艺术品和考古发现；Palazzo Massimo alle Terme以其保存完好的罗马壁画而闻名，能让人了解古罗马生活和艺术；Ara Pacis Museum通过展品提供了罗马帝国艺术和历史的独特视角。可以推断出这四个博物馆的共同点是它们都展示了古罗马的历史。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·天津耀华中学·期中）Solar panels (太阳能板) — also known as “photovoltaic” panels — are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”. The idea isn’t as unusual as it might seem. After all, any solar panel has to be waterproof, since it will be out in the rain. There are already several large floatovoltaic farms in Asia. On land, so panels are held up by special frames (框架). On the water, floatovoltaics are placed on a floating platform attached to the bottom of a lake or reservoir (水库). Floating solar panels cost about 25% more than those placed on land. The researchers behind the new study looked at 145,555 reservoirs worldwide. They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. The answer was surprisingly large — more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year and 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world. Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people would use in a year. There are several other reasons that make floatovoltaics a good idea. Photovoltaic panels work better when they’re not extremely hot. The water helps cool the panels so that they create more energy. Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect. Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could affect the plants and animals in the water. The scientists say it will be important to study how floating panels will affect water in each reservoir. Focusing first on man-made reservoirs will avoid some of those problems. 1.What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A. To list solar panels’ unusual functions. B. To show disadvantages of solar panels on land. C. To make a comparison between different solar panels. D. To introduce the workability of floating solar panels. 2.How did researchers carry out the new study? A. By making computer-aided estimates. B. By building floatovoltaic farms in the US. C. By looking at reservoirs worldwide. D. By processing data given by specialists. 3.What do we know about floating solar panels? A. They are perfect except for the high cost. B. They function well in extreme hot weather. C. They will eventually replace photovoltaic panels. D. They may cause potential harm to water ecosystem. 4.What is the suitable title for the text? A. Floating Solarpanels — Our Final Choice. B. Floating Solarpanels — Taking Us Back to Water. C. Floating Solarpanels — Making Energy, Saving Water. D. Floating Solarpanels — A New Way to Cool the Planet. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了漂浮式太阳能板的特点、研究数据、优势，如发电量大且能节水，同时也提及了其可能对水体生态系统造成危害的缺点。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“The idea isn’t as unusual-as-it-might seem. After all, any solar panel has to be waterproof, since it will be out in the rain. There are already several large floatovoltaic farms in Asia. (这个想法并不像看起来那么不同寻常。毕竟，任何太阳能电池板都必须防水，因为它会在外面在雨中。亚洲已经有几个大型漂浮式太阳能农场了)”可知，该段旨在介绍漂浮式太阳能板的可行性。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers behind the new study looked at 145,555 reservoirs worldwide. They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. (这项新研究背后的研究人员调查了全球145555个水库。他们使用计算机程序计算出，通过用漂浮式太阳能电池板覆盖30%的水库，每年可以产生多少电力)”可知，研究人员通过计算机辅助估算开展新研究。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could affect the plants and animals in the water. (用面板覆盖水库过多区域可能会影响水中的动植物)”可知，漂浮式太阳能板可能对水体生态系统造成潜在危害。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”.(但最近人们开始探索将浮动太阳能电池板放在水面上。因为这些面板是浮动的，所以有些人称之为“漂浮式太阳能板”)”、第三段“They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. The answer was surprisingly large — more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year and 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world.(他们使用计算机程序计算出，通过用浮动太阳能电池板覆盖30%的水库，每年可以产生多少电力。答案出乎意料地大——是美国一年发电量的两倍多，是目前世界上所有太阳能发电量的10倍)”以及第四段“Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs.(漂浮式太阳能板还可以通过限制水库的蒸发来帮助节约用水)”可知，文章介绍了漂浮式太阳能板的发电潜力，也提到其能减少水库水分蒸发以节水，还提及了缺点，“漂浮式太阳能电池板——制造能源，节约用水”既涵盖其发电功能，也体现节水优势，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology, it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface. The major mission is to explore how oceans absorb atmospheric heal and CO2 in a natural process that adjusts climate change. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan (查看) the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist. By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible. “Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total game changer,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader. 1.What do the underlined words “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Technology. B. Climate. C. Oceans. D. Water. 2.What is the major mission of Swot satellite? A. To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2. B. To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being. C. To identify when global warming is worsened. D. To study how oceans influence climate change. 3.What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely? A. The high-definition computer. B. Advanced radar technology. C. The three-dimensional image. D. An accurate map of elevations. 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. First Global Water Survey from Space B. Successful Launch of Swot Satellite C. A Breakthrough in Space Travel D. A Solution to Climate Change 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Swot卫星将对地球表面几乎所有的水进行观测时它的主要任务和先进之处。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.(通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90% 以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这真的是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水)”和画线短语所在句子“Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource.(Swot卫星计划于周四上午发射，对地球的vital resource进行全面调查)”可知，Swot卫星通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据，然后对这些水资源进行调查，由此可推知，画线短语指的是下文提到的“water(水)”。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The major mission is to explore how oceans absorb atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process that adjusts climate change.(主要任务是探索海洋如何在调节气候变化的自然过程中吸收大气热量和二氧化碳)”可知，Swot卫星的主要任务是研究海洋在气候调节过程中的作用，换句话说就是要研究海洋是如何影响气候改变的。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.(多亏了雷达仪器，Swot可以在地球的大范围内扫描云层和黑暗。这使得科学家能够精确地绘制二维地图，无论天气如何，无论何时，覆盖大面积地理区域的速度比以前快得多)”可知，先进的雷达技术使得Swot能够精确测量，故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.(Swot卫星计划于周四上午发射，对地球的重要资源进行全面调查。通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90% 以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这真的是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水)”可知，文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。由此可推知A项“第一次对全球的水进行调查”适合做文章标题，故选A项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·天津第一中学-11月·期中）Do you know the Paradox (悖论) of Choice? Let me explain it to you with a fruity example. If I was to generously offer you an apple from my glorious basket of fruit, and present you with two different choices, chances are that you’d quickly make a choice. You’d then likely walk away, feeling happy and content with your choice. So far so good. However, what might happen if I was to do the same, but get you to choose from a bigger basket of different varieties? Chances are that you might take longer to make a choice — struggling to weigh up the benefits of each. After thinking for a while, you might experience brain fog and frustration and decide you don’t want an apple after all. Or, you might choose one and walk off with it, only to wonder if you made the correct choice. And, if by chance you actually chose the very same apple as you did in our first example, the chances are that it wouldn’t taste quite as good. You can understand the reason for this when you read about the theory of loss aversion. Put simply, studies have found that a loss has more than twice the psychological impact of an equivalent gain. It’s more preferable to avoid losing £5 than to gain £5. Such is the pain of regret in losing out through making a “poor choice”. The Paradox of Choice is common in modern society. We live in a world of endless choice. Never have human beings been surrounded by such plentiful supply and convenience. Thus, we’ve been suffering a great deal. However, one idea that I’ve found helpful is to get into a habit of setting a time limit on making choices and feeling happy with that. To adopt this idea requires us to become happy with finding something that’s good enough, without necessarily being the best. We could recognize that our time is more important than the need to get an extra 10% on top of what is already good enough. 1.What probably happened when you chose an apple from the bigger basket? A. You made a quick choice. B. You made a wrong choice. C. You were happy with your choice. D. You were dissatisfied with your choice. 2.What does the underlined word “aversion” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Dislike. B. Regret. C. Indecision. D. Anxiety. 3.Which of the following best describes the Paradox of Choice? A. More is less. B. The more, the happier. C. Better safe than sorry. D. Don’t cry over spilt milk. 4.What does the author suggest readers do? A. Make informed choices. B. Stay positive and happy. C. Settle for good enough choices. D. Consider time as the most important. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要解释了什么是选择悖论并讲述了应对方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, what might happen if I was to do the same, but get you to choose from a bigger basket of different varieties? Chances are that you might take longer to make a choice — struggling to weigh up the benefits of each. After thinking for a while, you might experience brain fog and frustration and decide you don’t want an apple after all. Or, you might choose one and walk off with it, only to wonder if you made the correct choice. And, if by chance you actually chose the very same apple as you did in our first example, the chances are that it wouldn’t taste quite as good.(然而，如果我采取同样的做法，但让你从一个更大的、包含更多不同种类的篮子里进行选择呢？很有可能你会花更长的时间来做出决定——费力地权衡每种水果的优点。思考了一会儿之后，你可能会出现思维混乱和沮丧的情绪，并最终决定其实并不想要那个苹果。或者，你可能会选中一个苹果然后拿着它离开，但之后又会怀疑自己是否做出了正确的选择。而且，如果碰巧你真的选中了和我们第一个例子中完全相同的那个苹果，那么它的味道很可能也不会像之前那样好)”可知，当从更大篮子中选择苹果时，你可能对自己的选择并不满意。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Put simply, studies have found that a loss has more than twice the psychological impact of an equivalent gain. It’s more preferable to avoid losing £5 than to gain £5. Such is the pain of regret in losing out through making a “poor choice”简单来说，研究发现，损失所带来的心理影响是同等收益的两倍多。避免损失5英镑要比获得5英镑更有意义。因为做出“错误选择”而遭受损失所带来的悔恨之痛是如此之深)”可知，损失的心理影响比同等收益更大，人们更倾向于避免损失，“糟糕的选择”会让人产生吃亏的感受，由此可推测出，这是损失厌恶。aversion意为“厌恶”，与dislike意思一致。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据前两段的苹果例子以及最后一段“Never have human beings been surrounded by such plentiful supply and convenience. Thus, we’ve been suffering a great deal.(人类从未被如此丰富的供应和便利所包围。因此，我们遭受了很多痛苦)”可知，当只有两个选择时，我们很快选择出一个苹果并感到开心，当篮子里的选择很多时，我们做出决策就会很困难，产生不满、后悔的情绪，文中指出，现代人们物质充盈、选择多样，为此人们遭受很多痛苦。由此可推测出，“更多反而更少”简洁地捕捉了这一悖论——更多选择降低了满意度。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, one idea that I’ve found helpful is to get into a habit of setting a time limit on making choices and feeling happy with that. To adopt this idea requires us to become happy with finding something that’s good enough, without necessarily being the best.(然而，我发现有一个方法很有帮助，那就是养成设定选择时间限制的习惯，并对自己在有限时间内做出的选择感到满意。要采纳这个方法，我们需要学会欣然接受找到足够好的东西即可，而无需追求做到最好)”可知，作者建议养成设置决策时间限制的习惯，并满足于“足够好”的选择。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·天津第四十七中学·期中）Over breakfast this morning, I enjoyed a short chat with Mia, my new Spanish study buddy. I explained what I had learned about the psychology of happiness from a Spanish-language podcast. By the end of the ten-minute conversation, I felt that I had mastered more of the language than if I’d done an hour of textbook exercises. Mia, however, does not exist in real life. It is an AI that I created to take advantage of a phenomenon called the “protege effect” (门徒效应). According to research, we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The effect has its roots in the principle of “learning by teaching,” pioneered in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher working in Germany. To improve his students’ language learning, he had them research and present different parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities, and it soon spread to many other schools in the country. Later, a group of Stanford scientists tested the idea. In a pioneering experiment, Catherine Chase asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to study how fever affects the body. Over two lessons, the students had to read a text and then create a flowchart. Half the teens did the exercise as a form of self-study, while the others were told that their diagram would help to teach a virtual character. At the end, those in the teaching role had learned considerably more of the material, with much stronger performance on tests. Chase named this the protege effect, and it has since been replicated (复制) many times. These later studies suggest that learning by teaching is more powerful than other memory techniques. The brain boost appears to arise as much from the expectation of teaching as the act itself. If we know that others are going to learn from us, we feel a sense of responsibility to provide the right information. As a result, we make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before passing our knowledge on to others. This process then helps to enhance what we have learned. To put the protege effect into practice, a face-to-face conversation with a human partner is ideal, but it can be hard to find one. Fortunately, there are other ways. You might choose to present your progress as a blog or video aimed at other learners. Or you might, like me, choose to chat with an AI. I prompt (instruct) ChatGPT to act as a curious Spanish student, Mia, who listens to what I’ve been learning and asks suitable questions and follow-ups. With voice features, I can practice speaking as well. Though it felt awkward to talk to my computer at first, I became more confident in real-life interactions after just a few weeks. 1.Jean-Pol Martin’s teaching method is mentioned in the text to ______. A. highlight the role of student competition in learning B. contrast Eastern and Western educational philosophies C. provide historical context for the concept’s development D. demonstrate the inefficiency of teacher-centered instruction 2.The author mentions Catherine Chase’s study to show that ______. A. flowcharts are useful tools to learn science B. self-study is more effective than group learning C. virtual characters cannot replace human teachers D. learning by teaching is supported by scientific evidence 3.What does Paragraph 4 imply about the protege effect? A. It encourages learners to avoid uncertain topics entirely. B. It motivates deeper learning by creating a sense of duty. C. It promotes systematic review of previously mastered material. D. It relies on external feedback to correct errors in comprehension. 4.With regard to applying the “protege effect,” the author would most agree that ______. A. teaching real people is best but not always possible B. chatting with AI is as effective as real-life interactions C. overcoming the initial discomfort of teaching is the key D. presenting learning progress publicly offers greater benefits 5.The author’s personal experience with Mia is introduced primarily to ______. A. criticize the limitations of traditional language learning methods B. illustrate the practical application of a psychological phenomenon C. emphasize the superiority of AI over human interaction in education D. showcase the technical complexities of creating virtual study partners 6.The author’s attitude to using AI for the protege effect can be described as ______. A. overly enthusiastic without practical support B. entirely unconcerned about non-human interactions C. cautiously optimistic despite initial discomfort D. strongly skeptical due to technological limitations 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A　5. B　6. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“门徒效应”这一心理学现象，阐述了其起源、相关科学研究，以及该效应在学习(如语言学习)中的实际应用方式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The effect has its roots in the principle of “learning by teaching,” pioneered in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher working in Germany. To improve his students’ language learning, he had them research and present different parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities, and it soon spread to many other schools in the country. (这种效应的根源在于“教中学习”的原则，该原则是由在德国工作的法语教师让-波尔·马丁在20世纪80年代初首创的。为了提高学生的语言学习，他让他们研究并向同学展示课程的不同部分。这种方法提高了他们的积极性、自信心和交际能力，并很快推广到该国的许多其他学校)”可知，文中提到让-波尔・马丁的教学方法是为了给“门徒效应”这一概念的发展提供历史背景。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“At the end, those in the teaching role had learned considerably more of the material, with much stronger performance on tests. (最后，那些扮演教学角色的学生对材料掌握得更多，在测试中的表现也更好)”可知，作者提到凯瑟琳・蔡斯的研究是为了表明“以教促学”有科学证据支持。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“If we know that others are going to learn from us, we feel a sense of responsibility to provide the right information. As a result, we make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before passing our knowledge on to others. (如果我们知道别人要向我们学习，我们就会有提供正确信息的责任感。因此，在把我们的知识传授给别人之前，我们会更加努力地填补我们理解上的空白，纠正任何错误的假设)”可推知，“门徒效应”通过产生一种责任感来促进更深入的学习。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段首句“To put the protege effect into practice, a face-to-face conversation with a human partner is ideal, but it can be hard to find one. (要将“门徒效应”付诸实践，与真人进行面对面的交流是最理想的，但很难找到这样的人)”可知，关于应用“门徒效应”，作者最认同的是教真人是最好的，但并不总是可行。故选A项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Over breakfast this morning, I enjoyed a short chat with Mia, my new Spanish study buddy. I explained what I had learned about the psychology of happiness from a Spanish-language podcast. By the end of the ten-minute conversation, I felt that I had mastered more of the language than if I’d done an hour of textbook exercises. (今天早上吃早餐的时候，我和我的新西班牙语学习伙伴米娅聊了一会儿。我解释了我从一个西班牙语播客中学到的关于幸福心理学的知识。在十分钟的对话结束时，我觉得我掌握的语言比做一个小时的课本练习还要多)”以及后文对“门徒效应”的阐述可知，作者介绍与米娅的个人经历主要是为了说明一种心理现象的实际应用。故选B项。 (6)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Though it felt awkward to talk to my computer at first, I became more confident in real-life interactions after just a few weeks. (虽然一开始和我的电脑说话感觉很尴尬，但仅仅几周后，我在现实生活中的交流就变得更加自信了)”可知，作者对使用人工智能来实现“门徒效应”的态度是尽管一开始不舒服，但持谨慎乐观的态度。故选C项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·天津双菱中学·期中）Africa is a large and varied continent containing some of the oldest civilizations on earth. It is home to a wide diversity of religions and cultures, and this colorful diversity is reflected in its diverse and colorful weddings traditions. An African wedding is, more than anything, the bringing together of two people as a single family, or the combining of two families or even the mixture of two tribes into one family unit. The concept of family is one of the unifying ideas of the African continent. There are more than 1,000 cultural units in Africa and each culture, each tribe has its own wedding and marriage traditions, many of which can trace their origins back hundreds or even thousands of years. There are also many different religions represented in Africa. Many northern Africans, especially, have been influenced by Muslim traditions, while further south there are more Christian, Hindu, and even Jewish traditions with more ancient traditions. In many places in Africa young girls are trained to be good wives from an early age. They may even learn secret codes and secret languages that allow them to talk with other married women without their husbands understanding what is being said. Depending on which part of Africa you are in, wedding ceremonies can be extremely elaborate, some lasting many days. Often huge ceremonies are held during which many couples are united at the same time. In Sudan and in other areas along the Nile a man must pay his wife’s family in sheep or cattle for the loss of their daughter’s labor in support of the family. A wife may cost a man as many as 30 to 40 head of cattle. In Somalia a man is allowed to have as many as four wives if he can support them all, and it is not uncommon for a girl to be engaged before she is even born. Bright festive colors, song, dance, and music are vital elements of many African wedding ceremonies. Common to all wedding ceremonies is the concept of changing between childhood and adulthood. In many African cultures children are encouraged to marry as young as 13 to 15 years of age, as soon as they have reached physical adulthood. 1.When two young get married in Africa it means ________. A. they will explore a wide diversity of religions B. they will live together for the rest of their life C. they will contribute to the union of African tribes D. they will have a chance to enjoy their romance 2.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. All the tribes in Africa have the same belief. B. Africa witnesses varieties of marriage traditions. C. Most of Africans are believers in Islam. D. People in South Africa are all Christians. 3.Young girls learn secret languages ________. A. to have a good communication with their husbands B. to give their children a good education in the future C. to gain the ability to talk with other married women D. to master the skills about having communication 4.What does the underlined word “elaborate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Similar. B. Familiar. C. Difficult. D. Different. 5.It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. wedding ceremonies are full of happiness B. there are more men than women in Somalia C. the cattle are well worth a lot of money D. Africans prefer dancing to anything else 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲婚礼的有关知识。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“An African wedding is, more than anything, the bringing together of two people as a single family, or the combining of two families or even the mixture of two tribes into one family unit. The concept of family is one of the unifying ideas of the African continent. (非洲婚礼最重要的是将两个人作为一个家庭结合在一起，或将两个家庭结合在一起，甚至是将两个部落混合成一个家庭单位。家庭的概念是非洲大陆的统一思想之一)”可知，在非洲两个年轻人结婚意味着他们的家庭、甚至部落将结合在一起，即他们将为非洲部落的联盟做出贡献。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“There are more than 1,000 cultural units in Africa and each culture, each tribe has its own wedding and marriage traditions, many of which can trace their origins back hundreds or even thousands of years. (非洲有1000多个文化，每个文化、每个部落都有自己的婚礼和婚姻传统，其中许多可以追溯到几百年甚至几千年前)”可知，非洲有很多婚礼传统。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“In many places in Africa young girls are trained to be good wives from an early age. They may even learn secret codes and secret languages that allow them to talk with other married women without their husbands understanding what is being said. (在非洲的许多地方，年轻女孩从小就被训练成贤妻良母。她们甚至可以学习密码和秘密语言，这样她们就可以在丈夫听不懂的情况下与其他已婚妇女交谈)”可知，年轻女孩学习秘密语言是为了掌握和其他已婚妇女交流的能力。故选C。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文“Depending on which part of Africa you are in (取决于你在非洲的哪个地区)”可知，在非洲不同的地区婚礼是非常不同。由此可知，elaborate意为“不同的”，与different同义。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Bright festive colors, song, dance, and music are vital elements of many African wedding ceremonies. (鲜艳的节日色彩、歌曲、舞蹈和音乐是许多非洲婚礼的重要元素)”推知，婚礼是充满快乐、幸福的。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·天津河西·期中）Progress is something that everyone looks forward to, whether in personal life or in society. It represents our ability to change and improve the way we live. Progress is often linked to better ways of doing things. However, this idea of progress holds true only if we embrace technology and continuously seek more efficient ways of doing things. Yet, for many people, especially those who long for the “good old days”, progress inevitably comes with sacrifices. With the rise of new technology, efficiency has greatly improved. Communication, for example, has become much more efficient. Today, people can connect with each other instantly, no matter where they are in the world. With just a click of a button, we can talk or even see each other without leaving our homes. Personal visits, where we spend time together in real life, have become less common. With mobile phones and tablets, people often no longer make the effort to visit friends and family in person, even though face-to-face interactions hold unique value in building closer relationships. Another area where progress brings both benefits and challenges is in mass production. Factories today are much more efficient, thanks to machines and automation. This has allowed goods to be produced in large quantities with greater accuracy than human hands could ever achieve. However, the downside is that this efficiency often comes at the cost of the “personal touch”. Many items that were once handcrafted are now produced in factories. While mass production allows supply to meet demand quickly, it often leads to a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, for example, are unique and full of character, but mass-produced versions lack individuality and the same level of craftsmanship. Despite these challenges, it is important not to view progress from a one-sided perspective. In fact, progress has also allowed tradition to survive. Modern technology can help preserve old products and techniques, ensuring that traditional crafts are not lost. Through new technology, many old products can be revived and brought back to their original state. Ultimately, it is people’s attitude towards progress that determines the influence technology has on society. Technology itself is flexible — it can be used in various ways depending on how we choose to apply it. The greatest challenges of progress come from those who are unwilling to adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use progress in a way that fits our needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past. 1.According to Paragraph 1, what is necessary for progress to occur? A. Rejecting new ideas. B. Holding on to traditional ways. C. Pursuing comfort over innovation. D. Accepting technology and advances steadily. 2.The examples in Paragraph 2 illustrate____________. A. efficiency improvements often come with a price B. technology presents few significant drawbacks C. the “good old days” offered greater efficiency D. face-to-face interactions are unnecessary 3.What does the author say about mass production? A. It has lacked great accuracy. B. It has increased product costs. C. It has reduced individuality in products. D. It has entirely replaced handcrafted items. 4.What is the author’s view on the relationship between progress and tradition? A. Progress often destroys tradition. B. Progress can help protect tradition. C. Progress weakens traditional values. D. Progress and tradition cannot exist together. 5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Technology must be applied in a fixed manner. B. Progress should be adapted to meet societal needs. C. People tend to look back on the past with deep regret. D. The impact of technology depends on people’s attitude. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为进步往往与更好的做事方式联系在一起，进步有好的方面也有缺点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Progress is often linked to better ways of doing things. However, this idea of progress holds true only if we embrace technology and continuously seek more efficient ways of doing things.(进步往往与更好的做事方式联系在一起。然而，只有当我们拥抱技术并不断寻求更有效的做事方式时，这种进步的想法才成立)”可知，接受技术以及稳步进步是进步发生的必要条件。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet, for many people, especially those who long for the “good old days”, progress inevitably comes with sacrifices. With the rise of new technology, efficiency has greatly improved. Communication, for example, has become much more efficient. Today, people can connect with each other instantly, no matter where they are in the world. With just a click of a button, we can talk or even see each other without leaving our homes. Personal visits, where we spend time together in real life, have become less common. With mobile phones and tablets, people often no longer make the effort to visit friends and family in person, even though face-to-face interactions hold unique value in building closer relationships.(然而，对许多人来说，尤其是那些渴望“过去的好时光”的人，进步不可避免地伴随着牺牲。随着新技术的兴起，效率大大提高了。例如，通信变得更加高效。今天，人们可以立即相互联系，无论他们在世界的哪个地方。只需点击一个按钮，我们就可以交谈，甚至不用离开家就能看到对方。我们在现实生活中共度时光的私人拜访已经变得不那么常见了。有了手机和平板电脑，人们通常不再亲自去拜访朋友和家人，尽管面对面的互动在建立更亲密的关系方面具有独特的价值)”可知，第二段中的例子说明了效率的提高往往是有代价的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“While mass production allows supply to meet demand quickly, it often leads to a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, for example, are unique and full of character, but mass-produced versions lack individuality and the same level of craftsmanship.(虽然大规模生产使供应能够迅速满足需求，但它往往导致质量下降。例如，手工制作的物品是独特的，充满个性，但批量生产的版本缺乏个性和相同的工艺水平)”可知，作者认为，大规模生产降低了产品的个性。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, progress has also allowed tradition to survive. Modern technology can help preserve old products and techniques, ensuring that traditional crafts are not lost. Through new technology, many old products can be revived and brought back to their original state.(事实上，进步也让传统得以延续。现代技术可以帮助保存旧产品和技术，确保传统工艺不会丢失。通过新技术，许多老产品可以起死回生，恢复到原来的状态)”可知，作者认为进步有助于保护传统。故选B。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, it is people’s attitude towards progress that determines the influence technology has on society. Technology itself is flexible — it can be used in various ways depending on how we choose to apply it. The greatest challenges of progress come from those who are unwilling to adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use progress in a way that fits our needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past.(最终，是人们对进步的态度决定了技术对社会的影响。技术本身是灵活的——它可以以各种方式使用，这取决于我们如何选择应用它。进步的最大挑战来自于那些不愿意调整自己的心态和接受新想法的人。当我们以符合我们需要的方式利用进步时，我们可以在尊重过去的同时创造新的未来)”可知，最后一段的主旨是技术的影响取决于人们的态度。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·天津部分重点校联考·期中）Most of us don’t put much thought into the way we smile when we have our picture taken or meet someone new, but a recent study by scientists in the US found that certain types of smiles have a better impact on people than others. According to the study, having a “good” smile is an important way to present ourselves well to other people. “A lot of people don’t understand how important their smiles are and how important this aspect of communication we do with each other every day is,” said Stephen Guy, a co-author of the research. But what exactly is a good smile, and how did the scientists come to their conclusion? A group of 802 members of the public, aging from 18 to 82, were shown a 3D animated face. The face displayed different types of smiles, and the subjects were asked to rate them, from “creepy” to “pleasant”. After analyzing the results, the scientists discovered that the “best” smiles are the ones where the mouth is at an angle of between 13 and 17 degrees, and the mouth isn’t too broad or perfectly straight. In simple terms, don’t smile like a shark if you’re trying to make a good impression. It’s believed that the findings could be used in a number of ways, including making video game characters appear more realistic. The scientists also hope their work will help doctors who are trying to restore facial movement to patients who have suffered from strokes or other conditions. But Guy pointed out that nobody should feel bad if they don’t match up to his study’s definition of perfection. “It is important to be clear that there is not just one really, really good smile,” he said. “Just because your smile is different…doesn’t mean it is in any way bad.” 1.The scientists’ conclusion is supported by ________. A. professional research that was conducted B. questionnaires collected by researchers C. theories that have been proved D. experiments that were carried out in the past 2.What can we learn about a good smile according to the study? A. The broader your mouth is, the better your smile will be. B. There is no good smile at all. C. It has something to do with the angle of your mouth. D. The smile is bad if it doesn’t match up to the definition of perfection. 3.To which aspect can we apply the scientists’ findings? A. Bringing facial movement back. B. Curing severe strokes. C. Solving all kinds of problems. D. Playing video games. 4.What can be inferred from the passage about the study on smiles? A. It aims to establish a universal standard for smiling. B. It acknowledges the diversity of smiles while providing guidelines. C. It primarily focuses on the medical applications of smiling. D. It has been widely accepted by the public. 5.What could be the best title for the passage? A. What Are the Benefits of Smiling? B. Why Is Smiling Important? C. What Are the Different Ways of Smiling? D. What’s a Good Smile? 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国近期一项研究发现特定类型的微笑影响更佳，通过实验得出好微笑的嘴巴角度标准，其成果可用于多个领域，且研究同时认可微笑的多样性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“But what exactly is a good smile, and how did the scientists come to their conclusion? A group of 802 members of the public, aging from 18 to 82, were shown a 3D animated face. The face displayed different types of smiles, and the subjects were asked to rate them, from “creepy” to “pleasant”. (但究竟什么是美好的微笑，科学家是如何得出结论的呢？802名年龄在18岁到82岁之间的公众观看了一张3D动画脸。这张脸展示了不同类型的微笑，研究人员要求受试者对这些微笑进行评分，从“令人毛骨悚然”到“令人愉快”。)”可知，科学家们的结论得到了专业研究的支持。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“After analyzing the results, the scientists discovered that the “best” smiles are the ones where the mouth is at an angle of between 13 and 17 degrees, and the mouth isn’t too broad or perfectly straight. (在分析结果后，科学家们发现，“最好”的微笑是嘴的角度在13到17度之间，嘴不是太宽也不是很直。)”可知，根据这项研究，我们可以了解到一个好的微笑和你嘴巴的角度有关。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The scientists also hope their work will help doctors who are trying to restore facial movement to patients who have suffered from strokes or other conditions. (科学家们还希望他们的工作能够帮助那些试图恢复中风或其他疾病患者面部运动的医生。)”可知，我们可以把科学家的发现应用到恢复面部运动发明。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“After analyzing the results, the scientists discovered that the “best” smiles are the ones where the mouth is at an angle of between 13 and 17 degrees, and the mouth isn’t too broad or perfectly straight. (在分析结果后，科学家们发现，“最好”的微笑是嘴的角度在13到17度之间，嘴不是太宽也不是很直。)”以及最后一段中““It is important to be clear that there is not just one really, really good smile,” he said. “Just because your smile is different…doesn’t mean it is in any way bad.” (他说：“重要的是要清楚，不是只有一种非常非常好的微笑。”“仅仅因为你的微笑与众不同……并不意味着它有任何不好的地方。”)”可推知，在提供指导的同时承认微笑的多样性，既给出角度建议，又认可微笑的差异性。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“什么是好的微笑”展开，先提出研究发现 “某些微笑影响更好”，再介绍实验过程、好微笑的标准、应用场景，最后强调微笑的多样性。D 项“什么是好的微笑”：精准概括全文核心话题，从研究背景、实验、标准到应用，均围绕该主题展开。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·天津河北·期中）For the first time in history, there are more people above the age of 65 than children below the age of five. As populations grow older, aging societies will begin to face major challenges — such as the provision (提供) of health care. Elderly people have a higher chance of suffering from illnesses. One common health problem that affects elderly people is Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病). Alzheimer’s affects a person’s memory, behavior, and thinking. Because of memory loss and behavioral changes, people with Alzheimer’s may slowly become unable to take care of themselves, eventually requiring constant care from family members or caregivers. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s at the moment — drugs can only treat its symptoms (症状). But technology can improve the lives of those living with the condition. For example, tracking devices placed in watches can show where a person is. Automated (自动化的) reminders can also be stored in motion sensors (运动传感器) and placed around the house. When a sensor detects movement, it can play a recorded voice message to remind the person to lock the door or turn off the light. Alzheimer’s disease is a huge challenge, but we may be getting close to finding a solution. In the future, it might be possible to treat Alzheimer’s without using drugs. A team of researchers in Australia has created a form of technology that can send sound waves into the brain. These sound waves help to clear waste in the brain that results in Alzheimer’s. The team has tested their technology and found that it helped to restore (恢复) memory in 75 percent of mice. Work on the technology isn’t complete, but, if successful, it could prevent memory loss in people with Alzheimer’s. “I think this really does fundamentally (根本地) change our understanding of how to treat this disease,” says Professor Jurgen Götz, a co-author of the study, “and I foresee a great future for this approach.” 1.Which paragraph talks about how Alzheimer’s affects elderly people? A. Paragraph 2. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. D. Paragraph 5. 2.What does the author want to show by mentioning the examples in Paragraph 3? A. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. B. People with Alzheimer’s need great care. C. Alzheimer’s can greatly affect people’s health. D. Technology can make the lives of people with Alzheimer’s better. 3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Aging societies don’t need to worry about healthcare. B. The new technology has been widely used in hospitals. C. People with severe Alzheimer’s can’t live independently. D. The solution to Alzheimer’s disease has been discovered. 4.What is Götz’s attitude to his study? A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Regretful. D. Grateful. 5.What is the primary focus of the passage? A. Historical changes in global population trends. B. Impacts of aging societies on healthcare systems. C. The causes and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. D. Technology development for Alzheimer’s disease-related challenges. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人口老龄化背景下阿尔茨海默病带来的挑战，以及当前药物治疗现状和相关科技解决方案的研发进展。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“One common health problem that affects elderly people is Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病). Alzheimer’s affects a person’s memory, behavior, and thinking. Because of memory loss and behavioral changes, people with Alzheimer’s may slowly become unable to take care of themselves, eventually requiring constant care from family members or caregivers.(影响老年人的一种常见健康问题是阿尔茨海默病。阿尔茨海默病会影响人的记忆、行为和思维。由于记忆丧失和行为改变，阿尔茨海默病患者可能会慢慢变得无法照顾自己，最终需要家人或护理人员的持续照顾)”可知，第二段讲述了阿尔茨海默病对老年人的影响。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But technology can improve the lives of those living with the condition. For example, tracking devices placed in watches can show where a person is. Automated (自动化的) reminders can also be stored in motion sensors (运动传感器) and placed around the house.(但科技可以改善患者的生活。例如，手表中的追踪设备可以显示某人的位置。自动化提醒也可以存储在运动传感器中，并放置在房子周围)”可推知，作者列举了追踪设备和自动化提醒的例子，是为了说明科技能让阿尔茨海默病患者的生活变得更好。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Because of memory loss and behavioral changes, people with Alzheimer’s may slowly become unable to take care of themselves, eventually requiring constant care from family members or caregivers.(由于记忆丧失和行为改变，阿尔茨海默病患者可能会慢慢变得无法照顾自己，最终需要家人或护理人员的持续照顾)”可知，重症阿尔茨海默病患者无法独立生活，C项表述正确。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think this really does fundamentally (根本地) change our understanding of how to treat this disease,” says Professor Jurgen Götz, a co-author of the study, “and I foresee a great future for this approach.”(该研究的合著者尤尔根·戈茨教授说：“我认为这确实从根本上改变了我们对如何治疗这种疾病的理解，而且我预见这种方法有着广阔的未来。”)”可推知，戈茨教授对他的研究持自信态度。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出人口老龄化及阿尔茨海默病带来的挑战，第二段介绍该病对患者的影响，第三段说明科技对患者生活的改善作用，第四、五段讲述新型治疗科技的研发及前景，核心围绕阿尔茨海默病相关挑战的科技应对展开。故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·天津耀华中学·期中）Imagine journeying down the highway when you notice your fuel tank running low. Your GPS indicates 10 gas stations. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. You pass the first handful and observe their prices before approaching one with a seemingly good deal. Do you stop, without knowing how sweet the bargains could get up the road? Or do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? How do you decide when to explore further and when to decide on a choice? As a fascinating recent Big Think article explains in detail, no matter what choice you’ re making, mathematicians claim the 37 percent rule applies. Spend the first 37 percent of your decision-making process gathering information and committing to nothing. After that, choose the next option that comes along that’s better than everything you’ve seen before. This rule gives you the highest probability of making the superior choice. Applying this precise rule will simplify messy reality. If you’ve given yourself a month to hunt for a most comfortable apartment, the 37 percent rule suggests you spend the first third or so of that surveying the market and making no decisions. If you’re hiring an assistant and plan to interview 10 candidates, let the first three go by. Then choose the next person who beats that first bunch. What if an absolutely brilliant candidate just happens to be the first one you come across? Following this rule might end up complaining and wondering, “What if?” It is true that matters of the heart aren’t logical, and this rule only maximizes probabilities. It doesn’t guarantee success. So if lightning strikes or the angels sing and you’ re absolutely sure you’ve found the perfect match for you, don’t let inflexible rules stand in the way. But even if it’s unwise to blindly follow the 37 percent rule in every instance, that doesn’t make it unhelpful. Spending roughly the first third of your decision-making process gathering information can help you resist fear of missing out. Knowing that you should secure the first candidate who beats the options you previously explored can help you gather the courage to make decisions. 1.What does the underlined phrase “the bird in hand” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. A sweeter bargain ahead. B. The first GPS recommendation. C. The previous cheaper gas station. D. A more suitable route on the journey. 2.Which of the following is an example of the 37 percent rule? A. Choosing the 1st from 100. B. Choosing the 36th from 100. C. Choosing the 37th from 100. D. Choosing the 38th from 100. 3.What is the writing purpose of paragraph 4? A. To offer a reminder. B. To give an example. C. To prove a conclusion. D. To make an assumption. 4.How does the 37 percent rule benefit us? A. It boosts our self-confidence. B. It enhances our ability to analyze data. C. It strengthens our links with the society. D. It improves our decision-making efficiency. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕数学家提出的“37%规则”在决策过程中的应用、局限及益处。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“You pass the first handful and observe their prices before approaching one with a seemingly good deal. Do you stop, without knowing how sweet the bargains could get up the road? Or do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? (你路过第一批商品，观察它们的价格，然后接近一个看似很划算的商品。你会在不知道前面可能会有更划算的交易的情况下停下来吗？还是你会继续探索，冒着因拒绝the bird in hand而后悔的风险呢？)”可知，这里指的就是已经路过且看起来价格还可以的那些加油站。由此可知，划线词组the bird in hand指的是之前遇到的相对较便宜的加油站。故填C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Spend the first 37 percent of your decision-making process gathering information and committing to nothing. After that, choose the next option that comes along that’s better than everything you’ve seen before. (将决策过程的前37%用于收集信息，什么都不做。之后，选择下一个出现的选项，它比你以前见过的一切都要好)”可知，如果总共有100个选项，37%就是37个，也就是先观察前37个选项不做选择，接下来遇到比前面37个都好的那个选项就是要选的，那就是第38个。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“What if an absolutely brilliant candidate just happens to be the first one you come across? Following this rule might end up complaining and wondering, “What if?” It is true that matters of the heart aren’t logical, and this rule only maximizes probabilities. It doesn’t guarantee success. So if lightning strikes or the angels sing and you’ re absolutely sure you’ve found the perfect match for you, don’t let inflexible rules stand in the way. (如果一个绝对聪明的候选人恰好是你遇到的第一个人怎么办？遵循这条规则可能最终会抱怨和想知道，“如果呢？”诚然，心事不合逻辑，这条规则只会使概率最大化。它并不能保证成功。因此，如果雷击或天使歌唱，并且你绝对确定自己已经找到了最适合你的人选，请不要让僵化的规则成为阻碍)”可知，37%规则虽然有用，但不是绝对的，所以读者在特殊情况下要根据实际情况灵活判断，不要盲目遵循规则。由此推知，第四段的目的是提供一个提醒。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Spending roughly the first third of your decision-making process gathering information can help you resist fear of missing out. Knowing that you should secure the first candidate who beats the options you previously explored can help you gather the courage to make decisions. (在决策过程的前三分之一左右时间收集信息可以帮助你抵制对错过的恐惧。知道你应该确保第一个击败你之前探索过的选项的候选人可以帮助你鼓起勇气做出决定)”可知，按照37%规则，花决策过程的前一部分时间收集信息能帮助我们抵抗错失良机的恐惧，知道何时根据规则做选择能帮助我们鼓起勇气做决策，总体上这些都有助于我们更有效地做出决策。由此推知，37%规则提高了我们的决策效率。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·天津双菱中学·期中）Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it, doesn’t mean it’s true. The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck! 1.You need to build a positive self-image when you ________. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 2.According to the passage, our self-images ________. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 3.How should you change your self-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 5.Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Teenagers. C. Educators. D. People in general. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了当缺乏自信时，要建立积极的自我形象，改变思考方式以促进积极自我形象的形成。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.(如果你发现相信自己是一个挑战，那么是时候建立一个积极的自我形象并学会爱自己了)”可知，当对自己不自信时，需要建立积极的自我形象。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be.(有趣的是，我们的自我形象往往与他人对我们的形象大不相同。不幸的是，这些形象大多比实际情况更消极)”可知，我们的自我形象可能是不真实的。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.(因此，改变你对自己的看法是改变你的自我形象和整个世界的关键)”可知，应该改变思考方式来改变自我形象。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.(如果你发现相信自己是一个挑战，那么是时候建立一个积极的自我形象并学会爱自己了)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了如何建立积极的自我形象。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics.(当然，我们都知道我们是父母的掌上明珠，我们的祖母认为我们是天才，我们的罗伯茨叔叔认为我们会参加奥运会)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要面向青少年群体，讲述如何建立积极的自我形象。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·天津第二十中学-11月·期中）Giving blood regularly may not just be saving the lives of other people, it could also be improving your own blood’s health at a genetic level, according to a new study. A team of researchers compared samples from 217 men who had given blood more than 100 times in their lives, to samples from 212 men who had donated less than 10 times, to look for any variance in blood health. While the differences were subtle, the frequent donors’ blood was more likely to have beneficial mutations (突变) in a gene called DNMT3A. Other mutations in DNMT3A have been previously linked to blood cancer. “Our work is a fascinating example of how our genes interact with the environment as we age,” says stem cell biologist Dominique Bonnet, from The Francis Crick Institute in the UK. Specifically, the team looked at blood stem cells, which produce more blood cells on demand. As we get older, these mechanisms can start to break down, leading to problems with blood cancers such as leukemia (白血病). Blood loss triggers the production of the hormone erythropoietin (促红细胞生成素激素). In lab tests on blood stem cells treated with erythropoietin, the researchers found those with the DNMT3A mutation produced blood faster than those without the mutation. This suggests frequent blood loss leads to more production of the beneficial mutations (突变)blood cells. Research in mice shows the DNMT3A mutation results in healthier blood levels after the stress of blood loss. “Activities that put low levels of stress on blood cell production allow our blood stem cells to renew and we think this favors mutations that further promote stem cell growth rather than disease,” says Bonnet. However, there are limitations to consider. Blood donors are more likely to be healthier anyway (it’s a condition of giving blood), so figuring out any additional health benefit is tricky, because it might actually come from being in better shape to begin with. “Our sample size is quite modest, so we can’t say that blood donation definitely decreases the occurrence of pre-leukemic mutations,” says Bonnet. In the US, there’s such an urgent need for blood donors that someone needs blood or platelets (small fragments in blood) every two seconds. Having healthier blood is an added bonus. While waiting for more detailed studies to confirm these findings, the study tells us more about how blood cancers can get started in the first place. “We’re now aiming to work out how these different types of mutations play a role in developing leukemia or not, and whether they can be targeted therapeutics,” says stem cell biologist Hector Huerga Encabo, from the Francis Crick Institute. 1.What was the primary focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. The genetic differences between frequent and occasional blood donors. B. The role of erythropoietin in blood cell production. C. The relationship between blood donation and leukemia. D. The therapeutic applications of DNMT3A mutations 2.According to the research, blood loss affects blood stem cells in that ______. A. It triggers the production of cancerous cells in the DNMT3A gene B. It accelerates the growth of cells with beneficial DNMT3A mutations C. It benefits the overall health condition of the donors D. It weakens the regenerative capacity of blood stem cells 3.What limitation does the study acknowledge? A. Donors’ genetic backgrounds were not fully accounted for. B. Donors’ pre-existing health conditions might influence results. C. Erythropoietin levels were not measured in the experiment. D. Mouse models cannot accurately reflect human genetic mechanisms. 4.Based on the passage, the research team’s next goal is ______. A. to develop a new drug targeting DNMT3A mutations B. to conduct large-scale human trials of erythropoietin therapy C. to determine which DNMT3A mutations directly cause leukemia D. to analyze environmental factors influencing blood donation behavior 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现定期献血可能改善自身血液基因健康，同时提及研究局限性及后续目标。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A team of researchers compared samples from 217 men who had given blood more than 100 times in their lives, to samples from 212 men who had donated less than 10 times, to look for any variance in blood health.(一组研究人员对比了217名终身献血超过100次的男性和212名献血不足10次的男性的样本，以寻找血液健康方面的差异)”和第二段中的“While the differences were subtle, the frequent donors’ blood was more likely to have beneficial mutations in a gene called DNMT3A . (虽然差异很微妙，但经常献血者的血液更有可能在一种名为DNMT3A的基因中有有益的突变)”可知，该研究的核心是对比频繁献血者和偶尔献血者在血液健康上的差异，而这种差异聚焦于基因层面。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This suggests frequent blood loss leads to more production of the beneficial mutations blood cells. Research in mice shows the DNMT3A mutation results in healthier blood levels after the stress of blood loss.(这表明频繁失血会促使产生更多带有有益突变的血细胞。对小鼠的研究显示，DNMT3A基因突变能让小鼠在失血压力后恢复更健康的血液水平)”可知，失血会促进带有有益 DNMT3A 基因突变的细胞生长。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Blood donors are more likely to be healthier anyway (it’s a condition of giving blood), so figuring out any additional health benefit is tricky, because it might actually come from being in better shape to begin with.(献血者本身往往更健康（这是献血的前提条件），因此很难确定额外的健康益处是否来自献血，因为这实际上可能源于他们原本就良好的身体状况)”可知，研究承认献血者自身的健康基础可能影响研究结果。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We’re now aiming to work out how these different types of mutations play a role in developing leukemia or not, and whether they can be targeted therapeutics.(我们现在的目标是弄清楚这些不同类型的突变在白血病的发病过程中是否起作用，以及它们是否可以成为靶向治疗的对象)”可知，研究团队下一步是确定哪些 DNMT3A突变会直接导致白血病。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 1.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 2.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 3.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 4.According to the text, which of the following is true about the students in Urban Sprouts? A. They all lived in areas with abundant green spaces before joining the program. B. Some of them began growing vegetables at home after getting interested in gardening. C. Most of them had the habit of eating fresh vegetables regularly before the program. D. They rarely communicated with their parents about their eating habits after the classes. 5.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Urban Sprouts学校园艺项目的发起人Abby Jaramillo如何通过该项目帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康生活方式，并详细描述了该项目对学生产生的积极影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(一开始确实如此，Abby Jaramillo说道，她与另一位老师在四所低收入学校共同发起了名为Urban Sprouts的学校园艺项目)”可知，她是该项目的发起人之一。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.(他们来到我们这里时认为蔬菜很糟糕，泥土很糟糕，昆虫也很糟糕)”可知，项目开始时部分学生对园艺工作有抵触情绪。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.(她补充说，该项目的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。)”可知，这个项目不仅为学生们提供了营养价值，还让更多的学生对园艺感兴趣，同时也帮助了那些有情绪控制问题的学生。由此可知，该项目的影响是深远的。 故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(有些学生对园艺产生了浓厚兴趣，他们带种子回家开始种植自己的菜园)”可知，部分学生在家开始种植蔬菜。故选B。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康生活方式)”，第四段“Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.(项目评估显示，由于这些课程，孩子们吃了更多蔬菜)”和最后一段“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(有些学生对园艺产生了浓厚兴趣，他们带种子回家开始种植自己的菜园)”可知，文章主要讲述这个园艺项目如何培养学生对蔬菜和健康生活的热爱。 C项“培养蔬菜爱好者”最适合做本文标题。 故选C。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·天津第五十五中学·期中）According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 1.What do solar developers often ignore? A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology. 2.What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development. C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。 【点睛】 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·天津河东·期中）In the world of social media, the most successful influencers often live under the spotlight, constantly promoting themselves, with their faces appearing frequently across feeds(推送). However, in recent years, a new kind of content creator has appeared: the faceless influencer. These individuals create content without showing their faces. “I think a lot of content creators who show their faces feel pressure and judgment about their looks or identity,” Victoria, a faceless influencer, told The Hollywood Reporter. She regularly posts on TikTok, YouTube and Instagram, sharing daily life vlogs, such as hair care routines or baking. Many faceless influencers often highlight a certain lifestyle or promote brands and products without revealing who they are. As social media becomes filled with fast-paced, attention-grabbing videos, faceless content offers a refreshing change. “They usually just show hands moving, and the spaces they create content in are very clean and organized, which attracts you,” Caroline Moss, a podcast host, told The Hollywood Reporter. Protecting privacy is another reason for the rise of faceless content. It appeals to those who care more about their online image. “I don’t love being on camera — I think it’s very awkward being seen,” Lois Chartrand, another faceless creator, told The Hollywood Reporter. As a mother, she likes that filming faceless videos means she doesn’t have to do her hair and makeup. Since faceless content often centers on products, many creators have partnered with brands looking to reach new audiences. But they also face pressures. Some wonder if they are easier to replace with AI. There is also the risk of being copied by other influencers. “It can be challenging to stand out when there’s no physical identity, so it’s important for me to always add a personal touch,” faceless creator Victoria Ortega told The Economist. 1.What is one of the main characteristics of faceless influencers? A. They always show their faces in the content. B. They create content without revealing themselves. C. They only post on one social media platform. D. They never promote any brands or products. 2.According to Victoria, why do some content creators choose to remain faceless? A. To create a sense of mystery for viewers. B. To hide their lack of confidence. C. To avoid stress about their appearance. D. To focus more on the quality of their content. 3.What is one of the reasons for the rise of faceless content? A. Content creators who show their faces never feel pressure. B. People don’t like their online image. C. It helps content creators protect their privacy. D. Faceless content can help make more money. 4.Why does Lois Chartrand prefer creating faceless content? A. To save more time for her family. B. To draw viewers’ full attention to the product. C. To better work with different companies. D. To stay private and simplify the creation process. 5.What challenge do faceless influencers face, according to the text? A. They can’t reach new audiences easily. B. They risk being replaced by AI or copied by others. C. They struggle to make their content reliable. D. They sometimes face unreasonable demands. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍社交媒体中“不露脸网红”的特点、兴起原因、优势以及面临的挑战。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“These individuals create content without showing their faces.(这些人创作内容时不会露出自己的脸。)”可知，不露脸网红的主要特征之一是创作内容时不暴露自身身份。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I think a lot of content creators who show their faces feel pressure and judgment about their looks or identity(我认为很多露脸的内容创作者会因自己的外貌或身份感到压力和评判)”可知，维多利亚认为部分创作者选择不露脸，是为了避免因外貌产生的压力。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Protecting privacy is another reason for the rise of faceless content.(保护隐私是无脸内容兴起的另一个原因。)”可知，保护隐私是无脸内容流行的原因之一。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Protecting privacy is another reason for the rise of faceless content. It appeals to those who care more about their online image. “I don’t love being on camera—I think it’s very awkward being seen,” Lois Chartrand, another faceless creator told The Hollywood Reporter. As a mother, she likes that filming faceless videos means she doesn’t have to do her hair and makeup.(保护隐私是无脸内容兴起的另一个原因。这类内容吸引着那些更在意自身线上形象的人。“我不喜欢上镜——被人看到会让我觉得很不自在，” 另一位不露脸创作者洛伊丝・查特兰在接受《好莱坞报道者》采访时表示。作为一名母亲，她很喜欢拍摄不露脸视频这一点——不用特意做头发、化妆容。)”可知，洛伊丝偏好无脸创作，是为了保护隐私且简化创作流程。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Some wonder if they are easier to replace with AI. There is also the risk of being copied by other influencers.(有人担心他们更容易被人工智能取代，也存在被其他网红抄袭的风险。)”可知，不露脸网红面临被AI替代或被他人抄袭的挑战。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·天津滨海紫云中学教育集团·期中）Lens fogging (镜片起雾) has been troubling glasses wearers for as long as glasses have existed; it happens more often to those needing to wear masks (口罩). Researchers from ETH Zurich in Switzerland may have finally come up with a lasting solution to the problem that works whether someone is wearing a mask, or they’ve just come inside from the cold. There’s no real mystery as to the foggy lenses. It happens when moisture (水分) in wet air, or from someone’s breath, hits a glasses lens that’s colder than said moisture, which then becomes obvious drops. It happens a lot in the winter, when people are coming in from the outside to warm places, or when people breathe out with masks, the warm, wet air goes upwards. It’s also a problem that plagues car windows, making it hard for a driver to see. The simple solution here is to heat the windows. But adding electric heaters to glasses, which are designed to be lightweight and comfortable to wear, isn’t really a choice. So ETH Zurich researchers came up with another way to heat glasses lenses. They rely on a new type of glass coating that effectively does the same thing. The coating is made from very thin gold in such small amounts that the added cost would be very small. The gold takes in a kind of light from the sun, causing glasses lenses to heat up to eight degrees. By doing this, it can prevent moisture in the air from forming on the glasses. The coating also cannot be seen by human eyes, not influencing people’s views. Because it’s so thin, the coating can even be applied to surfaces that are not flat. But this method isn’t perfect. As the gold draws the energy it needs to heat lenses from the sun, the coating won’t do much good in the winter months, when it starts to get dark by late afternoon. But the researchers believe that even a small amount of electricity, like from a battery hidden away in the arms of a pair of glasses, would be enough. And with gold being one of the most valuable metals on earth and still in high demand, the researchers are looking for other metals to replace it. 1.What has annoyed glasses wearers for long? A. The need to wear masks. B. Lenses being broken easily. C. Lenses often getting foggy. D. Discomfort of wearing glasses. 2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. How to keep your glasses clear. B. When moisture becomes drops. C. What weakness glasses have. D. Why glasses get foggy. 3.What does the underlined word “plagues” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Changes. B. Controls. C. Troubles. D. Measures. 4.The gold coating prevents fog’s formation by ________. A. making the glasses reflective B. using sunlight to heat the glasses C. smoothing the surface of the glasses D. taking in the moisture on the glasses 5.What’s a disadvantage of the coating? A. It’s limited by temperature. B. It’s used on few surfaces. C. It’s not thin enough. D. It’s energy-wasting. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员想出了依靠一种新型的玻璃涂层来加热眼镜镜片的方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Lens fogging (镜片起雾) has been troubling glasses wearers for as long as glasses have existed; it happens more often to those needing to wear masks (口罩).(自从眼镜存在以来，镜片起雾一直困扰着眼镜佩戴者；这种情况更多地发生在那些需要戴口罩的人身上。)”可知，镜片起雾一直困扰着眼镜佩戴者。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“There’s no real mystery as to the foggy lenses. It happens when moisture (水分) in wet air , or from someone’s breath, hits a glasses lens that’s colder than said moisture, which then becomes obvious drops.(雾蒙蒙的镜头并没有什么神秘之处。当潮湿空气中的水分或某人呼吸中的水分碰到比所述水分更冷的眼镜镜片时，就会发生这种情况，然后镜片就会变成明显的水滴)”可知，第二段主要讲的是为什么眼镜会起雾的原因。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词下文“It’s also a problem that plagues car windows, making it hard for a driver to see. (这也是一个 车窗的问题，使驾驶员很难看到。)”可知，车窗起雾让驾驶员很难看到外面，所以车窗起雾困扰着驾驶员，划线词plagues的意思是“困扰”，和troubles意思相近。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第四段“The gold takes in a kind of light from the sun, causing glasses lenses to heat up to eight degrees. By doing this, it can prevent moisture in the air from forming on the glasses. (黄金吸收了来自太阳的一种光线，使眼镜镜片的温度高达8度。通过这样做，它可以防止空气中的湿气在玻璃上形成。)”可知，金涂层通过利用阳光加热玻璃来防止雾的形成。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“As the gold draws the energy it needs to heat lenses from the sun, the coating won’t do much good in the winter months, when it starts to get dark by late afternoon. (由于黄金从太阳那里获得了加热镜片所需的能量，所以在冬天的几个月里，当下午晚些时候天色开始变暗时，这种涂层就没有多大用处了)”可知，这种涂层的缺点是受温度的限制。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·天津滨海紫云中学教育集团·期中）One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty wo have in accepting things as they are. When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something ingrained (根深蒂固的) in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that wo decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it. ” In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful (悲伤的) to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is. This can be applied to whatever you do; how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen!” Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing. Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept, and understand. It might lead to some interesting results. 1.The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________. A. it is our natural emotion in the life B. culture asks us to be different from others C. everyone has their own opinions on things D. we dislike something as they are 2.Some readers think the words in the author’s book is too ________. A. depressing B. frightening C. delighting D. idealistic 3.In Paragraph 4, the underlined word “it” refers to ________. A. acting well at work and in politics B. feeling depressed for the news media C. accepting and understanding what has happened D. saying something negative when bad things come 4.In the last paragraph, you are advised ________. A. to change things as much as possible B. to refuse what you have to do in the work C. to judge yourself and make a wish for you D. to try a new way when making the world better 5.What is the main theme of the passage? A. Expecting things to be different gives us hope. B. Accepting can make our life happier and better. C. Traditional culture becomes root of unhappiness. D. Judging good or bad is important for our world. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“接受能让我们的生活更快乐、更美好。” (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty wo have in accepting things as they are.(就我个人的经验而言，最大的不快来源之一就是我们难以接受事物的本来面目)”可知，作者认为，我们感到不快乐可能是因为我们难以接受事物的本来面目，也就是我们不喜欢某样事物。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some readers said it’s too sorrowful (悲伤的) to expect things to go wrong.(一些读者表示，期望事情会出错这种想法实在太过令人伤感了)”可知，一些读者认为作者书中的文字太过压抑。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way.(接受这些事实的本来面目，并试着去理解它们为何会是这样)”以及后文“will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen!””可知，“接受并理解发生了什么”会帮你省去很多悲伤，因为你不会再说“哦。我希望坏事不要发生!”，故it指的是“接受并理解发生了什么。”故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Can we make this world a better place?(我们能否让这个世界变得更美好呢？)”以及“Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept, and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.(因此，当你发现自己在评判并渴望差异时，不妨尝试一种不同的方法：接受并理解。这可能会带来一些有趣的结果)”可知，最后一段建议我们尝试一种新的方式，让世界变得更美好。故选D。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty wo have in accepting things as they are.(就我个人的经验而言，最大的不快来源之一就是我们难以接受事物的本来面目)”可知，本文讲述的是“接受能让我们的生活更快乐、更美好。”故选B。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·天津河东·期中）For years, caffeine has been the “drug” of choice in many cultures. Caffeine has been considered socially acceptable because it is found in drinks like tea or coffee. People who consume (饮用) a lot of caffeine-based drinks may think they are addicted. But if they stop using such drinks, they will experience slightly uncomfortable for a few days. The real addiction may be emotional. Many people claim they cannot start their day unless they get their “fix” — a cup or two of coffee. Even young people who may not touch tea or coffee are still putting caffeine into their bodies when they have energy drinks, which have high amounts of caffeine. Caffeine is a bitter substance found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and some medicines. It has many effects on the body, including helping to activate the central nervous system. This can make you more awake and give you increased energy. American experts say drinking two to four cups of coffee a day is not harmful for most people. But it warns that too much caffeine can make you irritable and worried. It may also cause headaches, abnormal heartbeats and other problems. They also say pregnant women should limit their consumption of caffeine because caffeine may affect how the body reacts to some drugs and vitamins. Would you like a drink of coffee or tea? A mathematical study showed that few people have Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) in countries where people drink a lot of tea. Especially black tea — might be the best choice. It found black tea is better for your health than coffee. However, coffee is one of the world’s most popular drinks — perhaps the most popular. Results of a large American study may help to make it even more popular. The study showed that drinking coffee might help reduce the risk of oral or pharyngeal (咽部) cancer, a deadly form of cancer. 1.Which of the following is NOT a source of caffeine? A. Tea. B. Milk. C. Chocolate. D. Soft drinks. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Drinking coffee can help cure oral cancer. B. Caffeine can help the body absorb the vitamins. C. Drinking coffee all day has no effect to most people. D. Pregnant women had better not drink coffee. 3.The underlined word “irritable” in Paragraph 3 probably means A. energetic B. angry C. calm D. dull 4.What can be found from the mathematical study? A. Coffee is more popular than tea in the world. B. Drinking black tea may reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. C. Few people have Type 2 diabetes in countries where people prefer coffee. D. Coffee is better for health than black tea. 5.The author’s attitude towards tea or coffee is ________. A. approving B. objective C. negative D. doubtful 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍咖啡因的来源、对人体的影响、适宜摄入量，以及茶和咖啡各自的健康益处与相关注意事项。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Caffeine is a bitter substance found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and some medicines (咖啡因是一种苦味物质，存在于咖啡、茶、软饮料、巧克力、可乐果和某些药物中)可知，牛奶并非咖啡因的来源。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They also say pregnant women should limit their consumption of caffeine (他们还表示，孕妇应限制咖啡因的摄入)”可知，孕妇最好不要喝咖啡（避免摄入咖啡因)”。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“too much caffeine can make you irritable and worried (过量咖啡因会让你变得irritable且焦虑)”可知，“irritable”与“worried”为并列关系，情绪倾向一致。结合选项，“angry”（生气的）最符合语境。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A mathematical study showed that few people have Type 2 diabetes in countries where people drink a lot of tea. Especially black tea — might be the best choice (一项数学研究表明，在人们常喝茶的国家，患2型糖尿病的人很少。尤其是红茶，可能是最佳选择)”可知，喝红茶可能降低患2型糖尿病的风险。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。原文既提及咖啡因的优势：根据第二段“It has many effects on the body, including helping to activate the central nervous system. This can make you more awake and give you increased energy.(它对人体有多种作用，包括有助于激活中枢神经系统。这能让你更清醒，精力更充沛)；也不回避其过量摄入的危害：根据第三段“But it warns that too much caffeine can make you irritable and worried. It may also cause headaches, abnormal heartbeats and other problems. (但该机构提醒，过量摄入咖啡因会使人烦躁不安，还可能引发头痛、心跳异常等问题)”，同时客观说明特殊人群需注意的事项：根据第三段“They also say pregnant women should limit their consumption of caffeine because caffeine may affect how the body reacts to some drugs and vitamins. (专家还指出，孕妇应控制咖啡因摄入量，因为咖啡因可能会影响人体对某些药物和维生素的反应)”可知，作者仅基于事实陈述，无主观褒贬。文章既介绍了咖啡因的益处（提神、增能），也提及过量摄入的危害；整体客观呈现茶和咖啡的相关信息。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.C2.B3.C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.A 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.A3.A4.C 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B6.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B5.D 113 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.B5.D Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B5.D Passage 4 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.D 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.C5.B 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B5.C 主题语境05人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.D5.B 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.B5.A 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.D5.B 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.B5.B 3/3