专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，广西专用）高一英语上学期

**基本信息** 高中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选广西多所高中期中试题，覆盖人与社会、自我、自然三大主题语境，注重语言能力与思维品质培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|多篇passage，每篇4题|涵盖历史文化（Homecoming）、科学技术（AI、自动驾驶列车）、自然生态（森林网络、海马保护）等|情境贴近时代（如AI、社交媒体影响），问题层次分明（细节理解、推理判断、主旨概括），素材真实且关联核心素养|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·广西师范大学附属中学·期中）In the USA, many high schools and some colleges and universities have a special celebration once a year called Homecoming. Former students and teachers come back to the school to enjoy the memories of their time there and the many Homecoming activities. Homecoming might last for only one day or for several days, even one week. High schools usually choose one boy and one girl from the senior class to be the “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”: The students usually choose a boy and a girl who have done a lot for the school. Most schools have a Homecoming parade. The school band will often lead the way, followed by many different cars and trucks. Most schools also have a football game for Homecoming — and, of course, tailgate parties. A tailgate party is a group of people drinking and eating around the back of someone’s pick-up truck. There are many other activities that might be a part of the Homecoming celebration. There might be a school-wide picnic one day; another day, there may be plays, concerts, competitions or games, all depending on a school’s traditions. Homecoming celebrations nearly always end with a dance and/or a great dinner. The school is decorated beautifully, and a band is paid to come and play. Students dress up: guys in suits and girls in beautiful dresses. 1.What is the main purpose of holding Homecoming in the USA? A. To select outstanding senior students as “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”. B. To let former students and teachers gather and recall school memories. C. To promote the school’s football team and related sports culture. D. To show off the school’s beautiful decorations and excellent band performances. 2.“King and Queen of Homecoming” are chosen according to ________. A. their contributions to the school B. their healthy physical conditions C. their excellent grades in study D. their good-looking faces 3.What does the word “tailgate” in the passage most probably mean? A. A kind of party held near the back of a vehicle. B. A special type of pick-up truck used for parties. C. A traditional food served at football games. D. A group of people who love outdoor eating and drinking. 4.All the activities might be found at the Homecoming except ________. A. a parade B. a football game C. a picnic D. a school lecture 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区来宾高中学·期中）If you are planning on travelling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey. First of all, always check and double-check departure (出发) time. It is surprising how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane would leave at 10:50. Surprisingly, the person at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting. The second rule is to remember that even in this age of e- payment, it is still important to have some local money in cash (现金). Once I arrived at a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi but because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen I only take real money!” the driver said angrily. You can imagine how terrible I felt at that moment. The third and the last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travelled in heavy suits and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day. 1.What happened to the writer because of not checking the departure time carefully? A. He couldn’t find his secretary at the airport. B. He missed his flight and an important meeting. C. His secretary booked a wrong flight for him. D. The airport closed earlier than usual. 2.Why did the taxi driver refuse the writer’s payment? A. The driver didn’t like pounds at all. B. The writer didn’t have enough money to pay. C. The writer used a kind of money the driver didn’t accept. D. The driver wanted to get e- payment instead of cash. 3.What can we know about the writer’s workmates? A. They went to London for a trip in May. B. They took heavy clothes to a warm place. C. They forgot to check the weather before the trip. D. They felt cool in Athens during the day. 4.What does the passage mainly want to tell us? A. Three useful rules for a better trip. B. How to book a flight and take a taxi. C. Terrible experiences of the writer. D. Different weather in different places. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西玉林五校联考·期中）Many people wonder when the best time to exercise is. Experts have different opinions about morning, evening and afternoon workouts. To explore these differences further, let’s look at the benefits of exercising at different times of the day. Dr. Jagim from Mayo Clinic Health System says, “Morning workouts make you feel like you do something good and start the day on a happy note.” After a morning workout, people feel good because of endorphins (内啡肽). Also, mornings are usually free from other things to do, allowing people to enjoy their afternoons and evenings without worrying about exercise. For morning workouts, Dr. Jagim says, “Eating a different breakfast with carbohydrates (碳水化合物), protein, and healthy fats is important. This gives energy for the workout.” “However, for some people, waking up early to exercise is the last thing they feel like doing, and therefore, the case for evening workouts is more attractive. Your body works best in the early evening,” says Jake Erickson, a sports medicine expert. “This is a good time to exercise. During this time, your body has time to wake up a bit by moving around throughout the day. Also, your body uses oxygen better in the evening. This helps you use your energy more effectively when you exercise.” A study with over 90,000 people found that exercising in the afternoon is better for your heart and helps you live longer than exercising in the morning or evening. This is especially true for older people. Dr. Gende, emergency physician at Mayo Clinic Health System, says that morning workouts might not be good for people who work late shifts or stay up late. For them, it’s better to sleep more in the morning and then do a workout in the middle of the day or early afternoon before their next shift. While science gives ideas, experts agree the best time matches personal plans and energy. Consistency (一致性) is more important than timing. 1.What does Dr. Jagim recommend for morning workouts? A. Taking in more fats. B. Having a healthy breakfast. C. Drinking enough water. D. Avoiding staying up late the night before. 2.What might Jake Erickson be in favor of? A. Early evening workouts suit late risers. B. The later night exercisers wake up, the better. C. All people’s bodies work best in the late evening. D. Morning workouts set a positive tone for night workers. 3.Which group benefits most by afternoon workouts? A. Small kids. B. Active teenagers. C. Elderly people. D. Young women. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Why Is Evening Exercise Good for Everyone? B. What Role Does Food Play During Workouts? C. What Is Important for a Healthy Body? D. When Is the Best Time to Exercise? Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西师范大学附属中学·期中）Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Asking for someone’s help can make you feel like you are broadcasting your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about how children think about reputation (名誉): Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom really wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are worried about reputation. If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly hold back learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others. 1.What were the children asked to predict about the two characters? A. Their bad behaviors. B. Their learning progress. C. Their likeliness to get help. D. Their possibility of seeking help. 2.Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds? A. Tom. B. Jack. C. Both. D. Neither. 3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Children never seek help when in trouble. B. Reputation worry doesn’t affect kids’ learning. C. Those caring about others’ views may progress harder. D. Challenging tasks aren’t needed for improvement. 4.What is the author’s suggestion for kids? A. Be ready to help others. B. Be brave to ask for help. C. Care more about reputation. D. Make efforts to be smarter. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广西来宾市·期中）More than ever, kids today have given up reading for activities like watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Internet, but recently a new trend (趋势) has been catching on that will hopefully change that. In fact, book clubs are becoming more popular among American kids. 11-year-old Kenya Debarros read about singer Lena Horne. “It was just amazing to see a black woman as the star and not just a mammy or a maid,” she says. But did all these kids come enthusiastically (热情地)? No, not exactly. “I like book club, uh, I don’t know, but I am just trying it out. My mom didn’t make me, but I just tried it out,” says 16-year-old Antonio Nash. And if they’ll try it, the experts say, there are ways to get them to come back. Make it fun, serve pizza, serve chocolate cakes and have door prizes (门票对号奖). It also helps to connect books to the real world. They talk about things that are happening in the community, so they can relate whatever they’ve read in the book to what’s happening now. Here they have long talks about the books they have selected, which most kids don’t get to do when they’re in school, and these kids say, in book clubs they’re learning to love books and love reading. “I feel like I’m actually in the book and doing what the actual main character is doing,” says 13-year-old Justin Woodard. 16-year-old Antonia McManus says reading gives her a nice break from the day, “Sitting down and reading a book gives me some time to get away from the world, and get my mind straight.” 1.What does the underlined phrase “catching on” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Happening. B. Realizing. C. Becoming popular. D. Bringing in. 2.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Book clubs develop very fast in America. B. Book clubs are popular among American kids. C. American kids’ habits are changing towards reading. D. A new trend helps change children in America. 3.It can be known from the passage that ______. A. book clubs are designed to improve kids’ study B. book clubs are mainly to help kids forget the reality C. kids like to go there for the silent surroundings D. kids may get unexpected rewards in book clubs 4.Why does Antonia McManus like going to the book club? A. She finds reading restful. B. She could get some sound sleep. C. She likes the noisy conditions there. D. She can deal with her problems there. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·广西来宾市·期中）The English language is different from any other language. Yet English words do not stay the same. Our language is always changing. We need new words for new inventions and new ideas. Different words come into use,or older words are used in a new way. English can change by borrowing words from other languages. “Tomato” was borrowed from Mexico and “pajamas (睡衣)” from India. The word “coffee” came from Turkey, and “tea” came from China. Now new space and science words are being borrowed from other countries, too. New words are also made by adding two words together. “Strawberry”, “postman”, and “grandfather” are words made up of two parts. Sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words. The word “photo” was made from “photograph” by cutting off the end of the longer word. “Plane” was made by cutting off the front part of “airplane”. “Smog” was made by using only the first two and last two letters from the words “smoke” and “fog”. The names of people and products can become new words. Our sandwich was named after a man named “Sandwich”. Scotch tape, band-aid, and jello (果冻) were names made up by the companies that first made the products. 1.Which word of following is a combination by adding two words together? A. Pajamas B. Postman C. Photo D. Jello 2.Why is the English language always changing? A. People get tired of using the same words. B. People use words for movies and TV plays. C. There are too many books and magazines. D. People need words for new inventions and ideas. 3.What can we know from the passage? A. All new words are borrowed. B. Words never come from company names. C. Languages don't stay the same. D. Old words don't change their meanings. 4.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A. A changing language B. English — a beautiful language C. Names can become words D. Different languages 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·广西第二中学·期中）Ecotourism has got great attention in recent years as a form of travel that focuses on the protection of natural environments and the health and happiness of local communities. It is a responsible way of exploring natural areas and helpful to both the environment and the economy. It’s like going on a trip that’s good for both the plants and animals and the local economy. Let’s think about African elephants. People used to take their ivory (象牙) for money, but it’s much better to keep them alive. Elephants can make a lot more money if people come to see them in their natural home. One elephant can be worth about $ 1.3 million during its life. Ecotourism is a better way to develop economy and do less harm to nature. Places like nature reserves (保护区) and national parks stop people from cutting down trees and making pollution. They also keep the homes of animals safe. The money from ecotourism can take the place of money made by mining (采矿) or destroying forests. It also makes sure the area has a positive development for a long time. Guides teach us why clean nature is important and how to protect it, making us better travelers. When ecotourism is done right, it can help local people make money in new ways. In countries with lots of wildlife, like Rwanda, people who used to hunt animals can now work as guides. This uses their knowledge of the animals and their homes. When local people are part of managing tourism, they get more money to improve community projects in education, transportation, and health care. Ecotourism also lets local people stay on their land, keep it clean, and keep their traditions. Being an ecotourist means you care about the places you visit. But it also gives you amazing experiences, helping you connect with nature, animals, and the people you meet on your trip. Once you’ve had this kind of travel you might not want to travel in the old way again. 1.Why does the writer mention African elephants? A. To give an example of ecotourism. B. To show where to experience ecotourism C. To compare their value with other animals. D. To draw readers’ attention to natural beauty. 2.What do nature reserves and national parks do for ecotourism? A. They attract more tourists. B. They change the role of guides. C. They allow the locals to visit for free. D. They stop bad behaviors and protect animals. 3.How does ecotourism help former hunters in Rwanda? A. By keeping their hunting tradition. B. By educating them about ecotourism. C. By providing them with jobs in ecotourism. D. By improving their survival skills in the wild. 4.What would be the best title for the passage? A. A Powerful Way of Animal Protection. B. The History of Ecotourism Development. C. Ecotourism: A Help for Local Communities. D. Ecotourism: A Win-Win for Nature and Economy. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·广西玉林五校联考·期中）It is no secret that the more time we spend on social media, the less satisfied we may feel with ourselves. We often compare ourselves to influencers and celebrities (名人), which can easily harm our confidence. But how often do you compare your life to your friends’ lives? New research has found that seeing social media posts from our friends can be more harmful than seeing content from celebrities. The study, which looked at how social media affects how we see our own bodies, found that using social media was linked to lower satisfaction with one’s appearance. More importantly, it found that seeing posts from people the participants knew was more than twice as damaging as seeing posts from strangers, including famous people. Professor Viren Swami, a social psychology expert, believes this is partly because we know it’s hard to live the life of a celebrity. However, when we compare ourselves to our friends, it feels like we should — or could — live the way they do. “One possible explanation is that people are more likely to believe a post is achievable if it comes from someone they know. This creates expectation or pressure,” he said “At the same time, people may look more critically at posts by models or celebrities, and see the images they share as less realistic.” This effect is not just limited to body image. We all have areas in our lives that make us feel insecure. Maybe you’ve been looking for a new job for months, and then you see a former classmate on social media who has just landed their dream job. The point is obvious: we only see a small part of others’ lives. If social media makes you feel down, you are probably comparing your real self to others’ perfect appearances. Everyone has their own difficulties, and no one’s life is perfect. So, put down your phone, be thankful for what you have, and focus on living your own life. 1.What is the main finding of the new study? A. Social media leads to negative comments. B. People care more about body image than social life. C. Celebrities have a bad influence on teenagers. D. Friends’ posts affect us more than celebrities’ posts. 2.Why do we compare ourselves more with friends according to Professor Swami? A. Because they are our role models. B. Because we are familiar with their lives. C. Because their success seems easier to achieve. D. Because we are more curious about their lives. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards using social media? A. Supportive. B. Uninterested. C. Negative. D. Uncertain. 4.What does the author suggest people do at the end of the passage? A. Find a dream and work hard for it. B. Stop complaining and start working C. Be thankful and try to be perfect. D. Stop comparing and be yourself. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西南宁“4+N”联盟学校·期中）As we live longer and technology continues its rapid development, we can imagine a future where machines will enlarge our human abilities and help us make better life choices, from health to wealth. Through our dialogue and digital pieces, artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) will understand our life goals and wishes, our duties and limitations. It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life’s moments. The ability for AI to understand the complexities and slight differences of human conversation is, however, one hurdle (障碍). There are several thousand known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulties are the varied ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels of education and styles of the speakers. Google Duplex, the technology supporting Google Assistant, which places phone calls using a natural-sounding human voice instead of a robotic one, is an early attempt to address such challenges in human communications. But these are just initial whispers in voice of AI’s long journey. Beyond making reservations and conducting simple dialogues, virtual assistants will need to become far more useful and further fit into the parts of our everyday lives. Not only will they need to foresee what we need before we ask, they also need to understand the context of our conversations and react accordingly. Imagine a snow day when school is canceled for the kids. Knowing that you must now stay at home with your children, your phone would remind you, asking if you’d like your meetings moved to the following day. Alternatively, imagine how much more pleasant your journey home from a business trip would be if your phone could automatically arrange for a ride waiting to pick you up at the airport, based on your travel plan, location, and habits. The possibilities are endless. 1.What do we know about AI? A. It narrows our abilities. B. It limits our better choice. C. It helps us enjoy life better. D. It doesn’t know our limitations. 2.What makes it hard for AI to understand what humans say? A. Low level of speakers. B. Varieties of languages and cultures. C. Imperfection of AI. D. Similarities between languages. 3.Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI? A. Supportive. B. Uncaring. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 4.Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. AI Will Replace Humans B. AI Will Set Goals for Us C. AI Will Meet Challenges D. AI Will Be Part of Our Daily Lives Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西玉林八校·期中）A driverless train took its first trip around Hamburg, Germany in 2021 and may greatly improve transportation in the city. Acknowledged as the world’s first, the train created by Siemens Mobility and Deutsche Bahn (DB) officially went into service in December. This is part of a large modernization project for the city’s S-Bahn urban rail. There were no changes to the tracks, as the autonomous (自动的) trains run on the same network as the current trains that have drivers operating them. “The railroad has arrived in the digital future and Digital Rail Germany may become a reality. With automated rail operations, we can offer our passengers a significantly expanded and improved service,” said Dr. Richard Lutz, CEO of DB. “The new trains can transport up to 30 percent more passengers and operate on time, and they will be more energy-efficient. They are also encouraged for environmental protection reasons.” The trains receive signals via radios. There will be drivers present when there are passengers on board but they will only supervise (监督) the run and the passengers. There are now plans to digitize Hamburg’s S-Bahn system entirely by the end of the decade and the government has already decided to put money into new trains and infrastructure improvements. Autonomous transportation technology is being used in taxis by Waymo, which started as the Google self-driving project in 2009. Other companies that are working on driverless cars include Tesla,GM, Nissan, and Zoox. These cars have to find their ways on roads with the help of GPS technology but driving on a track is much simpler and safer. “The new technology has already been officially approved and, since it features open interfaces (接口), it can immediately be used by operators worldwide for all types of trains,” said Dr. Roland Busch, CEO of Siemens. Maybe it’s time for the new autonomous revolution. 1.What’s special about the new trains created by Siemens Mobility and DB? A. They share tracks with traditional ones. B. They use new driverless track systems. C. They make long-distance trips much safer. D. They still require human drivers’ operation. 2.What does Dr. Richard Lutz mainly want to express in Paragraph 3? A. The new trains greatly change the German lifestyle. B. The digital railroad is spoken highly of by passengers. C. The new trains benefit both people and the environment. D. The digital railroad has promoted the development of tourism. 3.What’s the government’s attitude to the development of the new digital technology? A. Worried. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving. 4.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Operators have responsibility for ensuring fully autonomous driving. B. Germany’s design of trains needs to be further improved. C. American companies see an increasing demand for self-driving taxis. D. The digital technology has a big potential market. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广西第二中学-11月·期中）Smart driving, which has been a buzzword in China for quite some time, is gaining further attention, as the government and car companies have called for cautious use of the vague (模糊的) term. Vehicle automation (车辆自动化) is divided into six levels, from Level 0 to 5, according to the Society of Automotive Engineers. Functions available in passenger vehicles in China are Level 2, usually known as driving-assist functions, but many carmakers refer to them as smart driving in marketing campaigns, which sound more advanced than they actually are. A great number of car buyers tend to buy into the hype (炒作) as well, believing that their cars are capable of autonomous driving, which in fact belongs to Level 4 or 5. At a technology meeting on Wednesday, Voyah CEO Lu Fang said carmakers should let car buyers know the capabilities of the specific models they choose. “Safety is the baseline. They must know what their vehicles can do. Also, you shall never confuse them with those vague ideas,” said Lu. “The very purpose of tools of transport is to move things and people from point A to point B safely. So safety is a topic you can never escape from,” he said. In a previous interview, Lu said he sometimes got angry at the videos that blew up online, where some bragged about how smart their vehicles were. “Safety is the best policy,” said Yu Chengdong, a Huawei executive, when he introduced new models on Wednesday. On the same day, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized a meeting and told automakers that they must thoroughly test advanced driver assistance systems, clearly define system boundaries and safety response measures, and avoid misleading marketing. They must also fulfill their duty to inform users, and take full responsibility for product quality and safety. 1.Why do carmakers call Level 2 functions smart driving in marketing? A. To confirm Level 2 is equal to smart driving. B. To make their products seem more advanced. C. To accurately describe their vehicles’ functions. D. To follow the industry standards of smart driving. 2.Which level should a car at least reach to have the ability to drive autonomously? A. Level 0. B. Level 3. C. Level 4. D. Level 5. 3.Which can replace the underlined phrase “bragged about” in paragraph 3? A. Showed off. B. Complained about. C. Reflected on. D. Commented on. 4.What can be learned from the passage? A. More car buyers will be misled by smart driving carmakers. B. The government’s measures will stop the hype of smart driving. C. The development of smart-driving technologies will slow down. D. Carmakers continuing misleading consumers might be punished. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区来宾高中学·期中）Everyone has “down days”. Maybe it’s because of the bad weather, or the poor grade on a difficult test, and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms (症状) often pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet friends, preventing themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment. But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious. As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries (边界), complain (抱怨) about rules and look for more free rights from their parents. According to the online Health Guide on adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted. Parents need to provide rules, while also remaining flexible (灵活的) and respectful of the growing teens’ need for freedom. For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their parents to take them to school. The US Department of Education says that parents should respect and support their teens’ choices as long as those choices won’t have long-term harmful effects. For example, even if a parent doesn’t prefer the music his or her teen listens to, it’s unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college, or lead to health problems. However, if that teen is lying, parents must get through strict punishments to teach him or her that there are bad results of poor choices that come with increased freedom. 1.What may show a teenager’s sadness is serious? A. It is caused by a poor test grade. B. It lasts more than two weeks. C. It makes them uninterested in school. D. It goes away after meeting friends. 2.The underlined word “lasting” in the second paragraph probably means __________. A. Temporary (暂时的) B. strict C. hidden (隐藏的) D. stable (稳定的) 3.Why do teenagers often feel frustrated? A. They have to take too many difficult tests at school. B. Their parents don’t allow them to listen to music. C. They want freedom but still need parents’ help or agreement. D. They can’t get into their dream colleges easily. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Causes of Teens’ Sadness. B. How to Be with Growing Teens. C. The Importance of Making Friends with Teens. D. Teens’ Worries About Strict Rules. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西桂林逸仙中学·期中）The Silk Road is the name of different roads that connected Europe, Africa and Asia long ago. People reached these different places along these roads. Scientists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3000 years ago. At that time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world. The Silk Road covered almost 6500 kilometers. It went from Rome to China, which is from the West to the Far East. Merchants travelled along the Silk Road to carry silk, of course. They also carried and traded other things like spices (香料), cloth, jewels and gold. Along and around these ancient paths have come many fascinating and mysterious stories. It is said that Roman soldiers who lost a war travelled through central Asia. They decided to live somewhere near the ancient Chinese villages. Some of these Romans married local Chinese women and the legend of the blond-haired, blue-eyed tribes of China was started. Some historians believe that the people of Kashmir were taken away from their country Israel. They were prisoners (俘虏) of war almost 2800 years ago. People say that these people travelled along the Silk Road. They kept their Jewish way of life for a long time. During its busiest period, the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix. The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable things and new ideas. It included people and trading goods from different areas. All these peoples travelled the Silk Road. And they shared goods, stories, languages, and cultures. In modern times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses. There is even a silk route museum in Jiuquan in China. It has over 35,000 objects from all along the Silk Road. In this way, China protects the history of many countries and peoples. 1.The underlined word “Merchants” in the passage probably means ________. A. foreigners B. businessmen C. soldiers D. prisoners 2.According to the passage, ________. A. the Silk Road began with the wars. B. the Silk Road covered almost 6500 kilometers in China. C. people began to travel the Silk Road about 3000 years ago. D. people from Israel were not included among people on the Silk Road. 3.The old Silk Road routes are still used because________. A. there are many old stories about them. B. the historians and scientists think highly of them. C. China will make good use of the Silk Road again. D. people can keep on traveling and trading along them. 4.The best title for the passage can be________. A. Stories along the Silk Road B. Silk Route Museum C. Trade for Silk D. The West and the Far East Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西南宁第三十六中学·期中）Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web”. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi. These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections”. When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂). Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid, hack the network to steal nutrients from nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists. Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the Internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) to climate change. As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. 1.What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding? A. Producing defensive resins in bark. B. Transmitting electrical signals through roots. C. Releasing a warning gas into the air. D. Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks. 2.What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Using chemicals to kill insects. B. Releasing poisons to contain competitors. C. Fighting for sunlight through height. D. Stealing nutrients via underground roots. 3.Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists? A. They attract diverse wildlife species. B. They offer young trees nutrients. C. They battle against climate change. D. They maintain ecosystem stability. 4.What’s the main idea of the text? A. The defensive strategies of trees. B. The cooperative interaction between trees. C. The important role of mother trees. D. The hidden communication among trees. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广西南宁第三十六中学·期中）In a world-record effort to help save a valuable sea creature, Australian scientists have released hundreds of baby seahorses into the wild. The tiny seahorses are endangered, and the scientists hope the new seahorses will help their numbers grow. Seahorses get their name because they look a bit like horses. They aren’t great swimmers, even though they’re fish. They often use their tails to hold onto something in the water. They mostly live in warm, shallow waters around the world. They are often found in coral reefs, in beds of seagrass, and areas where rivers empty into the sea. Seahorses form an important part of the ocean’s food chain. They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals. Many kinds of seahorses are often threatened by the human actions. Sometimes they’re caught and sold as pets. They are also caught by accident when people are trying to catch other fish. To begin the project, scientists collected three pregnant seahorses in January. Those seahorses were brought back to the aquarium (水族馆) in Sydney. After the babies were born, the scientists kept them there for five months, feeding the baby seahorses shrimps (小虾) to help them grow strong. Scientist Mitchell Brennan says, “They don’t have a stomach, so they have to eat constantly.” About a month before the young seahorses were released, the scientists created eight underwater “hotels” for them. The hotels look like cages, providing a safe place for the seahorses to develop. Putting the hotels into the sea early allowed the cages to be covered with small sea life that can help provide food for the seahorses. This is the fifth time the scientists have released seahorses into the area, and this time was a record. Around 380 seahorses were released. The researchers put tiny tags (标记) under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future. 1.What can be learned about seahorses from paragraph 2? A. They look exactly like horses. B. They have a gift for swimming. C. They mostly live in the deep sea. D. They feed on small sea creatures. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The types of the seahorses. B. Living conditions the seahorses need. C. Areas the seahorses live in. D. Dangers the seahorses face. 3.Why are the eight “hotels” put into the sea early? A. To differ the project from the former ones. B. To avoid danger the seahorses may face. C. To offer food to the seahorses. D. To help track the seahorses in the future. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. A New Study on Endangered Seahorses B. Underwater “Hotels” for Baby Seahorses C. A Record Number of Baby Seahorses Were Released D. New Methods of Finding Endangered Seahorses Passage 4 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区联考·期中）On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet? Foraging can create a deep connection to nature. Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land, and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging. Foraging is the oldest way of getting food and is becoming very popular again. It is common among people who care about the environment and want to avoid pesticides and industrial food systems. However, its popularity has led to rules in some US national parks to limit how much people can gather. The effect of foraging on the environment is complicated. Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much. Sustainable foraging means taking only small amounts for yourself. But Dan Scott admits that if thousands of people foraged on the beach, it would not be sustainable. Health risks are another important thing to think about. Sivarajah warns that plants in cities can absorb harmful metals from car pollution. Seaweed has high levels of substances like arsenic and lead. The biggest danger, however, comes from picking the wrong thing. For example, he is very clear that looking for mushrooms needs learning from an expert, not just books, because deadly poisonous types exist. His advice is joining a group and learning from experienced people. 1.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By answering some questions. C. Through a brief comparison. D. Through a personal experience. 2.What is Dan Scott’s attitude towards Janani Sivarajah’s opinion? A. Unclear. B. Supportive. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 3.Why are people prevented from foraging in some parks in Canada? A. Foraging can have bad effects on local wildlife. B. Foraging causes local farmers to make less money. C. Foraging often leads to people picking up some poisonous plants. D. Foraging influences the development of Canada’s food systems. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why is foraging a valuable practice? B. The benefits and challenges of foraging C. Methods of foraging for seaweed safely D. Why is foraging becoming popular again? 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西来宾市·期中）DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in Britain. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV programmes show people how to DIY. English people like DIY. There is a saying in Britain, “An Englishman’s home is his castle”. A large number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”. If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experience with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn (经济衰退) at present, many people cannot afford a big house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to get together themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions (操作指南). Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions (意图), many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in Britain, including 41,000 who fell off ladders. Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼). Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. 1.What is the meaning of DIY? A. Do some shopping. B. Play a game. C. Play a joke. D. Do it yourself. 2.How do many English people spend their holidays according to the passage? A. Making their homes beautiful. B. Visiting their friends. C. Travelling all over the world. D. Making a lot of money. 3.Why do English people like DIY? A. Many stores sell DIY things. B. DIY can bring them fun. C. TV programmes teach them to DIY. D. All DIY projects are easy. 4.In the passage, “we bite off more than we can chew” probably means . A. We can eat everything we like. B. We should do something difficult. C. We do something that is too difficult. D. We eat too much food that is not safe. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西玉林八校·期中）“You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics (特点，特质) or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time. Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as “person responses”. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using “process responses”. For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement. The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give “process responses” focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive (有建设性的) give more “person responses”. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure — are more likely to avoid harder math problems, show higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests. Because “person responses” predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation. 1.Which of the following is an example of process response? A. You are a lucky dog. B. Running is in your blood. C. What works well for your study? D. Why are you such a math genius? 2.What can be inferred from the study results? A. Parents prefer to give more process responses. B. Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety. C. Process responses help with children’s math achievement. D. Person responses can discourage children from learning math. 3.What do researchers advise parents to do? A. Limit person responses. B. Defend their own beliefs. C. Stress children’s performance. D. Ignore children’s math problems. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps. B. The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math is important. C. Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math. D. Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区联考·期中）Researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) and brain scanning (扫描) technology to study the brain activity of students with math learning disabilities. This research aims to better understand the neurological (神经系统的) reasons behind these challenges, which affect one in five students in the United States. The study built on years of research into how learning disabilities affect children’s brains. By using new AI tools, the team was able to explore these problems in greater detail. The study created “digital twins” — AI models that copy the brain activity of real students as they solve math problems. The researchers tested 45 students, aged 7 to 9, including 21 with math learning disabilities. While the students solved basic addition and subtraction (减法) problems, their brain activity was tracked by a brain scanning machine. The AI models, or “digital twins”, were then trained to copy the students’ answers and brain activity. The results were surprising. It turned out that the problem wasn’t too little brain activity, as many had thought, but too much. The students with learning disabilities showed signs of too much excitement in brain areas connected to math. The digital twins showed the same patterns, which means that too much neural activity could cause confusion in solving math problems. The study suggests that students with learning disabilities may need more training to better their performance. The researchers hope that their “digital twins” can be used to create personalized learning plans for students, helping to design more effective educational programs. However, a researcher said that we cannot overread the results. The model needs refinement. There is more work to do, but it does point in some promising new directions for further research. “The study makes us have a system to test targeted strategies before trying them in real classrooms,” Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford, said. “That can speed up the ability to design effective educational programs and make real progress for kids with math learning disabilities.” 1.What is the purpose of the Stanford University study? A. To change the existing education system. B. To teach students better math learning methods. C. To raise solutions to challenges facing teachers. D. To find out the neurological causes of math learning disabilities. 2.What were the students asked to do during the experiment? A. Design an AI model. B. Join a math club together. C. Take notes about math. D. Work out math problems. 3.What does the underlined word “refinement” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Comments. B. Invention. C. Improvement. D. Responsibilities. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study? A. Its wide use. B. Its positive effects. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its difficulties. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西南宁第三中学·期中）As race season approaches, many runners have the same goal: go faster. But in a study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers show that speeding up might require us to resist our natural biology. By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over. The research group have been studying the mechanics of running in labs for 15 years but hadn’t gotten a chance to study running in the wild before. “We joined the two datasets to gain new insights and combine the more messy wearable data with the gold standard lab experiments to learn about how people run out,” says co-author Jennifer Hicks. What surprised the team was the consistency they found across the combined datasets. “We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger. But this wasn’t the case. Most of the runners analyzed stuck with the same speed, whether they were going for a short run or a long one over ten kilometers. From an evolutionary (进化) standpoint, it makes sense that people would run at the speed that uses the least amount of energy. This caloric conservation is something that has been observed across the animal kingdom. But humans’ reasons for running have changed, and if the goal is speed, there are some tricks runners can use. Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost. Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks. 1.What do the racers have to overcome during the race? A. Energy consumption. B. Muscle loss. C. Weakness of humanity. D. Lack of nutrients. 2.What was the team’s initial idea concerning running? A. People would run in the wild rather than in labs. B. People adjust their speeds to different distances. C. People run at a constant speed regardless of distance. D. People possess enormous potential for running faster. 3.Why are “listening to music” and “picking partners” mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To offer tips on speed increase. B. To evaluate the advantages of running. C. To explain the importance of fast running. D. To reveal the change in human running goals. 4.What’s Hicks’ attitude to the information obtained from wearables? A. Unclear. B. Critical. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4D 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D 主题语境02人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.D2.C3.C4D 1/3 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.A3.B4C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.D 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·广西师范大学附属中学·期中）In the USA, many high schools and some colleges and universities have a special celebration once a year called Homecoming. Former students and teachers come back to the school to enjoy the memories of their time there and the many Homecoming activities. Homecoming might last for only one day or for several days, even one week. High schools usually choose one boy and one girl from the senior class to be the “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”: The students usually choose a boy and a girl who have done a lot for the school. Most schools have a Homecoming parade. The school band will often lead the way, followed by many different cars and trucks. Most schools also have a football game for Homecoming — and, of course, tailgate parties. A tailgate party is a group of people drinking and eating around the back of someone’s pick-up truck. There are many other activities that might be a part of the Homecoming celebration. There might be a school-wide picnic one day; another day, there may be plays, concerts, competitions or games, all depending on a school’s traditions. Homecoming celebrations nearly always end with a dance and/or a great dinner. The school is decorated beautifully, and a band is paid to come and play. Students dress up: guys in suits and girls in beautiful dresses. 1.What is the main purpose of holding Homecoming in the USA? A. To select outstanding senior students as “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”. B. To let former students and teachers gather and recall school memories. C. To promote the school’s football team and related sports culture. D. To show off the school’s beautiful decorations and excellent band performances. 2.“King and Queen of Homecoming” are chosen according to ________. A. their contributions to the school B. their healthy physical conditions C. their excellent grades in study D. their good-looking faces 3.What does the word “tailgate” in the passage most probably mean? A. A kind of party held near the back of a vehicle. B. A special type of pick-up truck used for parties. C. A traditional food served at football games. D. A group of people who love outdoor eating and drinking. 4.All the activities might be found at the Homecoming except ________. A. a parade B. a football game C. a picnic D. a school lecture 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国高中和部分大学一年一度的返校节活动及其相关内容。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the USA, many high schools and some colleges and universities have a special celebration once a year called Homecoming. Former students and teachers come back to the school to enjoy the memories of their time there and the many Homecoming activities.(在美国，许多高中以及部分学院和大学每年都会举办一场特别的庆祝活动，名为“返校节”。往届学生和教师会重返校园，追忆往昔时光，并参与诸多返校节活动。)”可知，举办返校节的主要目的是让以前的学生和老师聚在一起，回忆学校的时光。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“High schools usually choose one boy and one girl from the senior class to be the “Homecoming King” and “Homecoming Queen”: The students usually choose a boy and a girl who have done a lot for the school.(高中通常会从毕业班中选出一名男生和一名女生，分别担任“返校节国王”和“返校节皇后”。学生们一般会推选那些为学校做出诸多贡献的男生和女生。)”可知，“返校节国王和王后”是根据他们对学校的贡献来选择的。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“A tailgate party is a group of people drinking and eating around the back of someone’s pick-up truck.(一个tailgate聚会是一群人在某人的皮卡车后面喝酒和吃饭。)”可知，tailgate指的是在车辆后部附近举行的一种聚会。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most schools have a Homecoming parade.(大多数学校都有返校节游行。)”、第四段中“Most schools also have a football game for Homecoming — and, of course, tailgate parties.(大多数学校还会为返校节举办一场足球比赛，当然，还会有车尾派对。)”以及第五段中“There might be a school-wide picnic one day; another day, there may be plays, concerts, competitions or games, all depending on a school’s traditions.(某一天可能会举办全校范围的野餐；另一天则可能有戏剧表演、音乐会、比赛或游戏等，具体取决于学校的传统。)”可知，在返校节上可能会看到游行、足球赛和野餐，但文章没有提到学校讲座。故选D。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区来宾高中学·期中）If you are planning on travelling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey. First of all, always check and double-check departure (出发) time. It is surprising how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane would leave at 10:50. Surprisingly, the person at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting. The second rule is to remember that even in this age of e- payment, it is still important to have some local money in cash (现金). Once I arrived at a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi but because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen I only take real money!” the driver said angrily. You can imagine how terrible I felt at that moment. The third and the last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travelled in heavy suits and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day. 1.What happened to the writer because of not checking the departure time carefully? A. He couldn’t find his secretary at the airport. B. He missed his flight and an important meeting. C. His secretary booked a wrong flight for him. D. The airport closed earlier than usual. 2.Why did the taxi driver refuse the writer’s payment? A. The driver didn’t like pounds at all. B. The writer didn’t have enough money to pay. C. The writer used a kind of money the driver didn’t accept. D. The driver wanted to get e- payment instead of cash. 3.What can we know about the writer’s workmates? A. They went to London for a trip in May. B. They took heavy clothes to a warm place. C. They forgot to check the weather before the trip. D. They felt cool in Athens during the day. 4.What does the passage mainly want to tell us? A. Three useful rules for a better trip. B. How to book a flight and take a taxi. C. Terrible experiences of the writer. D. Different weather in different places. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者通过自身经历分享了旅行前后的三条实用规则，帮助读者让旅行更轻松。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane would leave at 10:50. Surprisingly, the person at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.(有一次，我十点过几分钟到达机场。我的秘书帮我买了票，我以为她说飞机10:50起飞。令人惊讶的是，值机柜台的工作人员告诉我，我的航班已经关闭了。因此，我不得不等了三个小时才等到下一班，还错过了一个重要的会议。)”可知，由于没有仔细核对出发时间，作者错过了航班和重要会议。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi but because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen I only take real money!” the driver said angrily.(去酒店的唯一方法是乘出租车，但因为我没有美元，所以我提出用英镑支付。“听着，我只收真钱！”司机生气地说。)”可知，司机拒绝作者的支付是因为作者使用了司机不接受的货币。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travelled in heavy suits and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.(我为我的一些同事感到遗憾，他们在五月穿着厚重的西装和雨衣去旅行，伦敦或曼彻斯特的天气仍然相当凉爽，而雅典、罗马或马德里等地的白天已经开始变得相当暖和了。)”可知，作者的同事们带着厚重的衣服去了温暖的地方。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“If you are planning on travelling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.(如果你打算去旅行，有一些简单的规则可以让你的旅行前后生活更轻松。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者通过自身经历分享了旅行前后的三条实用规则，帮助读者让旅行更轻松。可知，这篇文章主要想告诉我们三条让旅行更轻松的实用规则。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西玉林五校联考·期中）Many people wonder when the best time to exercise is. Experts have different opinions about morning, evening and afternoon workouts. To explore these differences further, let’s look at the benefits of exercising at different times of the day. Dr. Jagim from Mayo Clinic Health System says, “Morning workouts make you feel like you do something good and start the day on a happy note.” After a morning workout, people feel good because of endorphins (内啡肽). Also, mornings are usually free from other things to do, allowing people to enjoy their afternoons and evenings without worrying about exercise. For morning workouts, Dr. Jagim says, “Eating a different breakfast with carbohydrates (碳水化合物), protein, and healthy fats is important. This gives energy for the workout.” “However, for some people, waking up early to exercise is the last thing they feel like doing, and therefore, the case for evening workouts is more attractive. Your body works best in the early evening,” says Jake Erickson, a sports medicine expert. “This is a good time to exercise. During this time, your body has time to wake up a bit by moving around throughout the day. Also, your body uses oxygen better in the evening. This helps you use your energy more effectively when you exercise.” A study with over 90,000 people found that exercising in the afternoon is better for your heart and helps you live longer than exercising in the morning or evening. This is especially true for older people. Dr. Gende, emergency physician at Mayo Clinic Health System, says that morning workouts might not be good for people who work late shifts or stay up late. For them, it’s better to sleep more in the morning and then do a workout in the middle of the day or early afternoon before their next shift. While science gives ideas, experts agree the best time matches personal plans and energy. Consistency (一致性) is more important than timing. 1.What does Dr. Jagim recommend for morning workouts? A. Taking in more fats. B. Having a healthy breakfast. C. Drinking enough water. D. Avoiding staying up late the night before. 2.What might Jake Erickson be in favor of? A. Early evening workouts suit late risers. B. The later night exercisers wake up, the better. C. All people’s bodies work best in the late evening. D. Morning workouts set a positive tone for night workers. 3.Which group benefits most by afternoon workouts? A. Small kids. B. Active teenagers. C. Elderly people. D. Young women. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Why Is Evening Exercise Good for Everyone? B. What Role Does Food Play During Workouts? C. What Is Important for a Healthy Body? D. When Is the Best Time to Exercise? 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了专家对一天中不同时间段锻炼的看法，指出最佳锻炼时间应根据个人计划和精力来定，而锻炼的持续性比选择具体的时间段更重要。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“For morning workouts, Dr. Jagim says, “Eating a different breakfast with carbohydrates (碳水化合物), protein, and healthy fats is important. This gives energy for the workout.”(贾吉姆博士表示，对于早晨的锻炼而言，“吃一顿包含碳水化合物、蛋白质和健康脂肪的别样的早餐非常重要。这样能为锻炼提供能量。”)” 可知，贾吉姆博士建议晨练者要吃健康的早餐。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段““However, for some people, waking up early to exercise is the last thing they feel like doing, and therefore, the case for evening workouts is more attractive. Your body works best in the early evening,” says Jake Erickson, a sports medicine expert.(“然而，对于某些人来说，早起锻炼并非他们愿意去做的事情，因此晚上锻炼的理由就更具吸引力了。你的身体在傍晚时分运转得最为良好。”运动医学专家杰克·埃里克森如是说)”可知，埃里克森认为傍晚锻炼适合不想早起的人，即晚起者。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“A study with over 90,000 people found that exercising in the afternoon is better for your heart and helps you live longer than exercising in the morning or evening. This is especially true for older people.(一项涉及超过9万人的研究发现，下午锻炼对心脏更有益，能帮助人们活得更久，而且比早上或晚上锻炼效果更好。对于老年人来说尤其如此)”可知，下午锻炼对老年人益处最大。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many people wonder when the best time to exercise is. Experts have different opinions about morning, evening and afternoon workouts. To explore these differences further, let’s look at the benefits of exercising at different times of the day.(许多人想知道进行锻炼的最佳时间是什么时候。专家们对于早晨、傍晚和下午的锻炼时间各有不同看法。为了进一步探究这些差异，让我们来看看在一天中的不同时间进行锻炼所具有的好处)”以及文章围绕早、午、晚锻炼的益处展开，结尾总结最佳时间匹配个人计划与精力可推知，故D项“进行锻炼的最佳时间是什么时候？”最适合作文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西师范大学附属中·期中）Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Asking for someone’s help can make you feel like you are broadcasting your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about how children think about reputation (名誉): Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom really wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are worried about reputation. If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly hold back learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others. 1.What were the children asked to predict about the two characters? A. Their bad behaviors. B. Their learning progress. C. Their likeliness to get help. D. Their possibility of seeking help. 2.Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds? A. Tom. B. Jack. C. Both. D. Neither. 3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Children never seek help when in trouble. B. Reputation worry doesn’t affect kids’ learning. C. Those caring about others’ views may progress harder. D. Challenging tasks aren’t needed for improvement. 4.What is the author’s suggestion for kids? A. Be ready to help others. B. Be brave to ask for help. C. Care more about reputation. D. Make efforts to be smarter. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究表明儿童因担心名誉受损而不愿在学校寻求帮助的现象及相关分析。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.(在一项研究中，他们告诉孩子们这两个角色在考试中都表现不佳，并问他们谁更有可能在全班同学面前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”可知，孩子们被要求预测两个角色寻求帮助的可能性。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.(他们仍然可以想象杰克会寻求帮助的情况：当可以私下寻求帮助时（在电脑上而不是当面），孩子们认为两个角色寻求帮助的可能性是一样的。)”可知，八岁的孩子认为两个角色都可能会私下寻求帮助。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly hold back learning progress.(如果是这样的话，当别人在场时不愿意寻求帮助显然会阻碍学习进度。)”以及“However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others.(然而，当一个人担心自己给他人留下的印象时，情况就会变得困难。)”可推知，那些在意别人看法的人可能更难取得进步。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are worried about reputation.(鉴于这些发现，很有可能当孩子们自己遇到困难时，如果他们担心自己的名誉，他们也可能会避免寻求帮助。)”以及“If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly hold back learning progress.(如果是这样的话，当别人在场时不愿意寻求帮助显然会阻碍学习进度。)”可推知，作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广西来宾市·期中）More than ever, kids today have given up reading for activities like watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Internet, but recently a new trend (趋势) has been catching on that will hopefully change that. In fact, book clubs are becoming more popular among American kids. 11-year-old Kenya Debarros read about singer Lena Horne. “It was just amazing to see a black woman as the star and not just a mammy or a maid,” she says. But did all these kids come enthusiastically (热情地)? No, not exactly. “I like book club, uh, I don’t know, but I am just trying it out. My mom didn’t make me, but I just tried it out,” says 16-year-old Antonio Nash. And if they’ll try it, the experts say, there are ways to get them to come back. Make it fun, serve pizza, serve chocolate cakes and have door prizes (门票对号奖). It also helps to connect books to the real world. They talk about things that are happening in the community, so they can relate whatever they’ve read in the book to what’s happening now. Here they have long talks about the books they have selected, which most kids don’t get to do when they’re in school, and these kids say, in book clubs they’re learning to love books and love reading. “I feel like I’m actually in the book and doing what the actual main character is doing,” says 13-year-old Justin Woodard. 16-year-old Antonia McManus says reading gives her a nice break from the day, “Sitting down and reading a book gives me some time to get away from the world, and get my mind straight.” 1.What does the underlined phrase “catching on” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Happening. B. Realizing. C. Becoming popular. D. Bringing in. 2.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Book clubs develop very fast in America. B. Book clubs are popular among American kids. C. American kids’ habits are changing towards reading. D. A new trend helps change children in America. 3.It can be known from the passage that ______. A. book clubs are designed to improve kids’ study B. book clubs are mainly to help kids forget the reality C. kids like to go there for the silent surroundings D. kids may get unexpected rewards in book clubs 4.Why does Antonia McManus like going to the book club? A. She finds reading restful. B. She could get some sound sleep. C. She likes the noisy conditions there. D. She can deal with her problems there. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍读书俱乐部在美国孩子中越来越受欢迎。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“More than ever, kids today have given up reading for activities like watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Internet, but recently a new trend (趋势) has been catching on that will hopefully change that. (现在的孩子们比以往任何时候都更喜欢看电视、玩电子游戏和上网等活动而放弃阅读，但最近一种新的趋势正在catching on，有望改变这种情况。)”和第二段“In fact, book clubs are becoming more popular among American kids.(事实上，读书俱乐部在美国孩子中越来越受欢迎。)”可知，读书俱乐部这种新的事物是要流行起来了，有望改变孩子们更喜欢看电视、玩电子游戏和上网等活动而放弃阅读这种情况，所以catching on的意思应该是“流行，受欢迎”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“More than ever, kids today have given up reading for activities like watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Internet, but recently a new trend (趋势) has been catching on that will hopefully change that. (现在的孩子们比以往任何时候都更喜欢看电视、玩电子游戏和上网等活动而放弃阅读，但最近一种新的趋势正在流行，有望改变这种情况。)”和第二段“In fact, book clubs are becoming more popular among American kids.(事实上，读书俱乐部在美国孩子中越来越受欢迎。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍读书俱乐部在美国孩子中越来越受欢迎。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“And if they’ll try it, the experts say, there are ways to get them to come back. Make it fun, serve pizza, serve chocolate cakes and have door prizes (门票对号奖). (专家们说，如果他们愿意尝试，有办法让他们回来。让它变得有趣，提供披萨，提供巧克力蛋糕，并有门票对号奖。)”可知，在读书俱乐部，孩子们会得到意外的奖励。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“16-year-old Antonia McManus says reading gives her a nice break from the day, “Sitting down and reading a book gives me some time to get away from the world, and get my mind straight.”(16岁的安东尼娅·麦克马纳斯（Antonia McManus）说，阅读让她从一天中得到了很好的休息，“坐下来看书让我有时间离开这个世界，理清思绪。”)”可知，安东尼娅·麦克马纳斯喜欢待在读书俱乐部是因为在那里她可以得到很好的休息。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·广西来宾市·期中）The English language is different from any other language. Yet English words do not stay the same. Our language is always changing. We need new words for new inventions and new ideas. Different words come into use,or older words are used in a new way. English can change by borrowing words from other languages. “Tomato” was borrowed from Mexico and “pajamas (睡衣)” from India. The word “coffee” came from Turkey, and “tea” came from China. Now new space and science words are being borrowed from other countries, too. New words are also made by adding two words together. “Strawberry”, “postman”, and “grandfather” are words made up of two parts. Sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words. The word “photo” was made from “photograph” by cutting off the end of the longer word. “Plane” was made by cutting off the front part of “airplane”. “Smog” was made by using only the first two and last two letters from the words “smoke” and “fog”. The names of people and products can become new words. Our sandwich was named after a man named “Sandwich”. Scotch tape, band-aid, and jello (果冻) were names made up by the companies that first made the products. 1.Which word of following is a combination by adding two words together? A. Pajamas B. Postman C. Photo D. Jello 2.Why is the English language always changing? A. People get tired of using the same words. B. People use words for movies and TV plays. C. There are too many books and magazines. D. People need words for new inventions and ideas. 3.What can we know from the passage? A. All new words are borrowed. B. Words never come from company names. C. Languages don't stay the same. D. Old words don't change their meanings. 4.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A. A changing language B. English — a beautiful language C. Names can become words D. Different languages 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语的发展变化以及新单词的形成方式。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“New words are also made by adding two words together. ‘Strawberry’, ‘postman’, and ‘grandfather’ are words made up of two parts(新单词也可以由两个单词组合起来，‘草莓’，‘邮递员’，‘祖父’都是有两个单词组成而得的) ”可知，postman是由两个单词组合起来的合成词。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Our language is always changing. We need new words for new inventions and new ideas.(我们的语言一直在变化。我们需要新词来形容新发明和新想法)”可知，英语总是在变化，因为人们需要词汇来表达新的发明和想法。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Our language is always changing. (我们的语言一直在变化)”可知，语言不是一成不变的。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段中“The English language is different from any other language. Yet English words do not stay the same. Our language is always changing. ( 英语不同于任何其他语言。然而英语单词并不是一成不变的。我们的语言总是在变化。)”可知，文章主要介绍英语一门是不断变化的语言。故选A项。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·广西第二中学·期中）Ecotourism has got great attention in recent years as a form of travel that focuses on the protection of natural environments and the health and happiness of local communities. It is a responsible way of exploring natural areas and helpful to both the environment and the economy. It’s like going on a trip that’s good for both the plants and animals and the local economy. Let’s think about African elephants. People used to take their ivory (象牙) for money, but it’s much better to keep them alive. Elephants can make a lot more money if people come to see them in their natural home. One elephant can be worth about $ 1.3 million during its life. Ecotourism is a better way to develop economy and do less harm to nature. Places like nature reserves (保护区) and national parks stop people from cutting down trees and making pollution. They also keep the homes of animals safe. The money from ecotourism can take the place of money made by mining (采矿) or destroying forests. It also makes sure the area has a positive development for a long time. Guides teach us why clean nature is important and how to protect it, making us better travelers. When ecotourism is done right, it can help local people make money in new ways. In countries with lots of wildlife, like Rwanda, people who used to hunt animals can now work as guides. This uses their knowledge of the animals and their homes. When local people are part of managing tourism, they get more money to improve community projects in education, transportation, and health care. Ecotourism also lets local people stay on their land, keep it clean, and keep their traditions. Being an ecotourist means you care about the places you visit. But it also gives you amazing experiences, helping you connect with nature, animals, and the people you meet on your trip. Once you’ve had this kind of travel you might not want to travel in the old way again. 1.Why does the writer mention African elephants? A. To give an example of ecotourism. B. To show where to experience ecotourism C. To compare their value with other animals. D. To draw readers’ attention to natural beauty. 2.What do nature reserves and national parks do for ecotourism? A. They attract more tourists. B. They change the role of guides. C. They allow the locals to visit for free. D. They stop bad behaviors and protect animals. 3.How does ecotourism help former hunters in Rwanda? A. By keeping their hunting tradition. B. By educating them about ecotourism. C. By providing them with jobs in ecotourism. D. By improving their survival skills in the wild. 4.What would be the best title for the passage? A. A Powerful Way of Animal Protection. B. The History of Ecotourism Development. C. Ecotourism: A Help for Local Communities. D. Ecotourism: A Win-Win for Nature and Economy. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生态旅游的定义以及它的益处：保护环境，促进当地发展，提供替代生计，增进旅行者与自然的联系等。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。第一段中“It is a responsible way of exploring natural areas and helpful to both the environment and the economy. It’s like going on a trip that’s good for both the plants and animals and the local economy.(这是一种负责任的探索自然区域的方式，对环境和经济都有帮助。这就像一场对动植物和当地经济都有好处的旅行)”提到生态旅游是一种负责任的探索自然区域的方式，这种方式对环境、经济都有帮助，第二段“Let’s think about African elephants. People used to take their ivory (象牙) for money, but it’s much better to keep them alive. Elephants can make a lot more money if people come to see them in their natural home. One elephant can be worth about $ 1.3 million during its life. Ecotourism is a better way to develop economy and do less harm to nature.(让我们想想非洲象。过去人们把象牙拿去换钱，但让它们活下去更好。如果人们到它们的自然家园去看大象，它们可以赚更多的钱。一头大象一生的价值约为130万美元。生态旅游是一种更好的发展经济和减少对自然危害的方式)”可知，作者提到非洲大象目的是举一个生态旅游的例子。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Places like nature reserves (保护区) and national parks stop people from cutting down trees and making pollution. They also keep the homes of animals safe.(像自然保护区和国家公园这样的地方阻止人们砍伐树木和制造污染。他们还保护动物家园的安全)”可推知，自然保护区和国家公园在生态旅游中的作用是防止有害行为和保护动物家园。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In countries with lots of wildlife, like Rwanda, people who used to hunt animals can now work as guides.(在像卢旺达这样有很多野生动物的国家，过去打猎的人现在可以做向导了)”可知，生态旅游通过为先前的捕猎者提供工作来使他们受益。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Ecotourism has got great attention in recent years as a form of travel that focuses on the protection of natural environments and the health and happiness of local communities. It is a responsible way of exploring natural areas and helpful to both the environment and the economy.(近年来，生态旅游作为一种聚焦自然环境保护与当地社区健康福祉的旅行形式，受到了广泛关注。这是一种负责任的探索自然区域的方式，对环境和经济都有帮助)”可知，文章主要讲述了生态旅游如何对自然和当地社区产生积极影响，它是一种更好的旅游方式。D选项“生态旅游：自然与经济的双赢之道”为最佳标题。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·广西玉林五校联考·期中）It is no secret that the more time we spend on social media, the less satisfied we may feel with ourselves. We often compare ourselves to influencers and celebrities (名人), which can easily harm our confidence. But how often do you compare your life to your friends’ lives? New research has found that seeing social media posts from our friends can be more harmful than seeing content from celebrities. The study, which looked at how social media affects how we see our own bodies, found that using social media was linked to lower satisfaction with one’s appearance. More importantly, it found that seeing posts from people the participants knew was more than twice as damaging as seeing posts from strangers, including famous people. Professor Viren Swami, a social psychology expert, believes this is partly because we know it’s hard to live the life of a celebrity. However, when we compare ourselves to our friends, it feels like we should — or could — live the way they do. “One possible explanation is that people are more likely to believe a post is achievable if it comes from someone they know. This creates expectation or pressure,” he said “At the same time, people may look more critically at posts by models or celebrities, and see the images they share as less realistic.” This effect is not just limited to body image. We all have areas in our lives that make us feel insecure. Maybe you’ve been looking for a new job for months, and then you see a former classmate on social media who has just landed their dream job. The point is obvious: we only see a small part of others’ lives. If social media makes you feel down, you are probably comparing your real self to others’ perfect appearances. Everyone has their own difficulties, and no one’s life is perfect. So, put down your phone, be thankful for what you have, and focus on living your own life. 1.What is the main finding of the new study? A. Social media leads to negative comments. B. People care more about body image than social life. C. Celebrities have a bad influence on teenagers. D. Friends’ posts affect us more than celebrities’ posts. 2.Why do we compare ourselves more with friends according to Professor Swami? A. Because they are our role models. B. Because we are familiar with their lives. C. Because their success seems easier to achieve. D. Because we are more curious about their lives. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards using social media? A. Supportive. B. Uninterested. C. Negative. D. Uncertain. 4.What does the author suggest people do at the end of the passage? A. Find a dream and work hard for it. B. Stop complaining and start working C. Be thankful and try to be perfect. D. Stop comparing and be yourself. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍新研究发现朋友的社交媒体帖子比名人的帖子对人影响更具伤害性及相关原因。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“New research has found that seeing social media posts from our friends can be more harmful than seeing content from celebrities. (新研究发现，看朋友的社交媒体帖子可能比看名人发布的内容更有害)”可知，这项新研究的主要发现是朋友的帖子比名人的帖子对我们影响更大。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One possible explanation is that people are more likely to believe a post is achievable if it comes from someone they know. (一种可能的解释是，如果帖子来自自己认识的人，人们更有可能认为这种生活是可以实现的)”可知，斯瓦米教授认为我们更爱和朋友比较的原因是朋友的成功看起来更容易实现。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is no secret that the more time we spend on social media, the less satisfied we may feel with ourselves. (众所周知，我们花在社交媒体上的时间越多，对自己的满意度可能就越低)”以及最后一段中的“If social media makes you feel down, you are probably comparing your real self to others’ perfect appearances. (如果社交媒体让你感到沮丧，你可能是在拿真实的自己和别人完美的表象作比较)”可知，作者认为社交媒体会降低人对自己的满意度，还会让人产生沮丧情绪，由此推知作者对使用社交媒体持否定态度。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So, put down your phone, be thankful for what you have, and focus on living your own life. (所以，放下手机，珍惜你所拥有的，专注于过好自己的生活)”可知，作者建议人们停止和他人比较，做自己。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西南宁“4+N”联盟学校·期中）As we live longer and technology continues its rapid development, we can imagine a future where machines will enlarge our human abilities and help us make better life choices, from health to wealth. Through our dialogue and digital pieces, artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) will understand our life goals and wishes, our duties and limitations. It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life’s moments. The ability for AI to understand the complexities and slight differences of human conversation is, however, one hurdle (障碍). There are several thousand known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulties are the varied ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels of education and styles of the speakers. Google Duplex, the technology supporting Google Assistant, which places phone calls using a natural-sounding human voice instead of a robotic one, is an early attempt to address such challenges in human communications. But these are just initial whispers in voice of AI’s long journey. Beyond making reservations and conducting simple dialogues, virtual assistants will need to become far more useful and further fit into the parts of our everyday lives. Not only will they need to foresee what we need before we ask, they also need to understand the context of our conversations and react accordingly. Imagine a snow day when school is canceled for the kids. Knowing that you must now stay at home with your children, your phone would remind you, asking if you’d like your meetings moved to the following day. Alternatively, imagine how much more pleasant your journey home from a business trip would be if your phone could automatically arrange for a ride waiting to pick you up at the airport, based on your travel plan, location, and habits. The possibilities are endless. 1.What do we know about AI? A. It narrows our abilities. B. It limits our better choice. C. It helps us enjoy life better. D. It doesn’t know our limitations. 2.What makes it hard for AI to understand what humans say? A. Low level of speakers. B. Varieties of languages and cultures. C. Imperfection of AI. D. Similarities between languages. 3.Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI? A. Supportive. B. Uncaring. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 4.Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. AI Will Replace Humans B. AI Will Set Goals for Us C. AI Will Meet Challenges D. AI Will Be Part of Our Daily Lives 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了未来人工智能会给我们生活带来很多便利，成为我们日常生活的一部分。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life’s moments.(它将帮助我们计划不同的生活事件，所以我们可以花更多的时间享受生活时刻)”可知，人工智能帮助我们更好地享受生活。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The ability for AI to understand the complexities and slight differences of human conversation is, however, one hurdle (障碍). There are several thousand known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulties are the varied ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels of education and styles of the speakers.(然而，人工智能理解人类对话的复杂性和细微差异的能力是一个障碍。世界上现存几千种语言。更加困难的是，不同文化之间共享和使用单词的方式各不相同，包括语法、教育水平和说话者的风格)”可知，语言和文化的多样性让人工智能很难理解人类说的话。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life’s moments.(它将帮助我们计划不同的生活事件，所以我们可以花更多的时间享受生活时刻)”以及最后一段中“The possibilities are endless.(可能性是无限的)”可知，作者一直在强调人工智能的优点，且对人工智能的未来充满期待。由此推知，作者是支持人工智能的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“As we live longer and technology continues its rapid development, we can imagine a future where machines will enlarge our human abilities and help us make better life choices, from health to wealth. Through our dialogue and digital pieces, AI (artificial intelligence) will understand our life goals and wishes, our duties and limitations.(随着我们寿命的延长和技术的持续快速发展，我们可以想象一个未来，机器将扩大我们人类的能力，帮助我们从健康到财富等方面，做出更好的生活选择。通过我们的对话和数字作品，人工智能将了解我们的生活目标和愿望，我们的责任和限制)”可知，文章主要讲述了未来人工智能会给我们生活带来很多便利，成为我们日常生活的一部分。由此可知，D选项“人工智能将成为日常生活的一部分”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西玉林八校·期中）A driverless train took its first trip around Hamburg, Germany in 2021 and may greatly improve transportation in the city. Acknowledged as the world’s first, the train created by Siemens Mobility and Deutsche Bahn (DB) officially went into service in December. This is part of a large modernization project for the city’s S-Bahn urban rail. There were no changes to the tracks, as the autonomous (自动的) trains run on the same network as the current trains that have drivers operating them. “The railroad has arrived in the digital future and Digital Rail Germany may become a reality. With automated rail operations, we can offer our passengers a significantly expanded and improved service,” said Dr. Richard Lutz, CEO of DB. “The new trains can transport up to 30 percent more passengers and operate on time, and they will be more energy-efficient. They are also encouraged for environmental protection reasons.” The trains receive signals via radios. There will be drivers present when there are passengers on board but they will only supervise (监督) the run and the passengers. There are now plans to digitize Hamburg’s S-Bahn system entirely by the end of the decade and the government has already decided to put money into new trains and infrastructure improvements. Autonomous transportation technology is being used in taxis by Waymo, which started as the Google self-driving project in 2009. Other companies that are working on driverless cars include Tesla,GM, Nissan, and Zoox. These cars have to find their ways on roads with the help of GPS technology but driving on a track is much simpler and safer. “The new technology has already been officially approved and, since it features open interfaces (接口), it can immediately be used by operators worldwide for all types of trains,” said Dr. Roland Busch, CEO of Siemens. Maybe it’s time for the new autonomous revolution. 1.What’s special about the new trains created by Siemens Mobility and DB? A. They share tracks with traditional ones. B. They use new driverless track systems. C. They make long-distance trips much safer. D. They still require human drivers’ operation. 2.What does Dr. Richard Lutz mainly want to express in Paragraph 3? A. The new trains greatly change the German lifestyle. B. The digital railroad is spoken highly of by passengers. C. The new trains benefit both people and the environment. D. The digital railroad has promoted the development of tourism. 3.What’s the government’s attitude to the development of the new digital technology? A. Worried. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving. 4.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Operators have responsibility for ensuring fully autonomous driving. B. Germany’s design of trains needs to be further improved. C. American companies see an increasing demand for self-driving taxis. D. The digital technology has a big potential market. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了数字技术的发展促进了德国无人驾驶火车投入运营。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There were no changes to the tracks, as the autonomous(自动的) trains run on the same network as the current trains that have drivers operating them. (轨道没有变化，因为自动驾驶列车与现有的有司机操作的列车在同一个网络上运行。)”可知，这种新型火车与传统的列车共用轨道。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The new trains can transport up to 30 percent more passengers and operate on time, and they will be more energy-efficient. They are also encouraged for environmental protection reasons. (新列车可以多运送30%的乘客，并准时运行，而且它们将更加节能。出于环保的原因，他们也受到推广。)”可知，这种新型的火车对人们和环境都是有益的。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“There are now plans to digitize Hamburg’s S-Bahn system entirely by the end of the decade and the government has already decided to put money into new trains and infrastructure improvements.(现在有计划在本世纪末将Hamburg’s S-Bahn系统完全数字化，政府已经决定投入资金用于新列车和基础设施的改善。)”可知，政府决定对新火车和基础设施的改进投钱，因此对这种新技术的发展持肯定的态度。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Autonomous transportation technology is being used in taxis by Waymo, which started as the Google self-driving project in 2009. Other companies that are working on driverless cars include Tesla, GM, Nissan, and Zoox. (自动驾驶技术正在被Waymo用于出租车，该公司于2009年启动了谷歌自动驾驶项目。其他正在研发无人驾驶汽车的公司包括特斯拉、通用汽车、日产和Zoox。)”以及“The new technology has already been officially approved and, since it features open interfaces (接口), it can immediately be used by operators worldwide for all types of trains (这项新技术已经获得官方批准，由于它具有开放接口，它可以立即被世界各地的运营商用于所有类型的列车，)”以及“Maybe it’s time for the new autonomous revolution. (也许是时候进行新的自主革命了。)”可知，最后一段主要围绕着这项新技术在世界各地的运营商中的广泛使用展开，所以D项“The digital technology has a big potential market.(数字技术有着很大的市场。)”最能概括本段的主要内容。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广西第二中学·期中）Smart driving, which has been a buzzword in China for quite some time, is gaining further attention, as the government and car companies have called for cautious use of the vague (模糊的) term. Vehicle automation (车辆自动化) is divided into six levels, from Level 0 to 5, according to the Society of Automotive Engineers. Functions available in passenger vehicles in China are Level 2, usually known as driving-assist functions, but many carmakers refer to them as smart driving in marketing campaigns, which sound more advanced than they actually are. A great number of car buyers tend to buy into the hype (炒作) as well, believing that their cars are capable of autonomous driving, which in fact belongs to Level 4 or 5. At a technology meeting on Wednesday, Voyah CEO Lu Fang said carmakers should let car buyers know the capabilities of the specific models they choose. “Safety is the baseline. They must know what their vehicles can do. Also, you shall never confuse them with those vague ideas,” said Lu. “The very purpose of tools of transport is to move things and people from point A to point B safely. So safety is a topic you can never escape from,” he said. In a previous interview, Lu said he sometimes got angry at the videos that blew up online, where some bragged about how smart their vehicles were. “Safety is the best policy,” said Yu Chengdong, a Huawei executive, when he introduced new models on Wednesday. On the same day, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized a meeting and told automakers that they must thoroughly test advanced driver assistance systems, clearly define system boundaries and safety response measures, and avoid misleading marketing. They must also fulfill their duty to inform users, and take full responsibility for product quality and safety. 1.Why do carmakers call Level 2 functions smart driving in marketing? A. To confirm Level 2 is equal to smart driving. B. To make their products seem more advanced. C. To accurately describe their vehicles’ functions. D. To follow the industry standards of smart driving. 2.Which level should a car at least reach to have the ability to drive autonomously? A. Level 0. B. Level 3. C. Level 4. D. Level 5. 3.Which can replace the underlined phrase “bragged about” in paragraph 3? A. Showed off. B. Complained about. C. Reflected on. D. Commented on. 4.What can be learned from the passage? A. More car buyers will be misled by smart driving carmakers. B. The government’s measures will stop the hype of smart driving. C. The development of smart-driving technologies will slow down. D. Carmakers continuing misleading consumers might be punished. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能驾驶术语被炒作的现象，以及政府车企的应对措施。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Functions available in passenger vehicles in China are Level 2, usually known as driving-assist functions, but many carmakers refer to them as smart driving in marketing campaigns, which sound more advanced than they actually are. (在中国，乘用车提供的功能属于2级，通常被称为驾驶辅助功能，但许多车企在营销中称其为“智能驾驶”，使其听起来比实际更先进。)”可知，车企将2级功能称为“智能驾驶”是为了让产品显得更先进。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“A great number of car buyers tend to buy into the hype (炒作) as well, believing that their cars are capable of autonomous driving, which in fact belongs to Level 4 or 5. (许多购车者也容易被炒作裹挟，误以为自己的车辆具备自动驾驶功能——而实际上，真正的自动驾驶属于 4 级或 5 级（高阶自动驾驶）)”可知，车辆至少需达到4级才具备自动驾驶能力。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Safety is the baseline. They must know what their vehicles can do. Also, you shall never confuse them with those vague ideas (安全是底线。他们必须知道他们的车辆能做什么。此外，你永远不要把它们与那些模糊的想法混淆起来)”可知，卢放强调车主需要了解车辆的实际功能，反对车企混淆视听，进行误导性宣传。由此可知，让他感到愤怒的是那种吹嘘他们的车有多智能的视频，画线短语意为“吹嘘，夸耀”，与showed off“炫耀”意思接近。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the same day, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized a meeting and told automakers that they must thoroughly test advanced driver assistance systems, clearly define system boundaries and safety response measures, and avoid misleading marketing. They must also fulfill their duty to inform users, and take full responsibility for product quality and safety. (同一天，工信部召开会议，要求汽车制造商必须彻底测试先进的驾驶辅助系统，明确界定系统边界和安全响应措施，避免误导性营销。他们还必须履行告知用户的义务，对产品质量和安全负全责。)”可知，工信部要求车企必须避免误导性营销，并对产品质量和安全负全责。由此推知，继续误导消费者的车企可能面临处罚。故选D项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区来宾高中学·期中）Everyone has “down days”. Maybe it’s because of the bad weather, or the poor grade on a difficult test, and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms (症状) often pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet friends, preventing themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment. But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious. As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries (边界), complain (抱怨) about rules and look for more free rights from their parents. According to the online Health Guide on adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted. Parents need to provide rules, while also remaining flexible (灵活的) and respectful of the growing teens’ need for freedom. For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their parents to take them to school. The US Department of Education says that parents should respect and support their teens’ choices as long as those choices won’t have long-term harmful effects. For example, even if a parent doesn’t prefer the music his or her teen listens to, it’s unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college, or lead to health problems. However, if that teen is lying, parents must get through strict punishments to teach him or her that there are bad results of poor choices that come with increased freedom. 1.What may show a teenager’s sadness is serious? A. It is caused by a poor test grade. B. It lasts more than two weeks. C. It makes them uninterested in school. D. It goes away after meeting friends. 2.The underlined word “lasting” in the second paragraph probably means __________. A. Temporary (暂时的) B. strict C. hidden (隐藏的) D. stable (稳定的) 3.Why do teenagers often feel frustrated? A. They have to take too many difficult tests at school. B. Their parents don’t allow them to listen to music. C. They want freedom but still need parents’ help or agreement. D. They can’t get into their dream colleges easily. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Causes of Teens’ Sadness. B. How to Be with Growing Teens. C. The Importance of Making Friends with Teens. D. Teens’ Worries About Strict Rules. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了父母与成长中的青少年应如何相处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious.(但如果一个青少年持续两周以上表现出悲伤的情绪，这可能就表明存在严重的问题了)”可知，青少年悲伤持续超过两周可能是严重问题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries (边界), complain (抱怨) about rules and look for more free rights from their parents.(随着青少年的成长，他们会不断突破新的界限，抱怨各种规定，并向父母索要更多的自由权利)”以及后文“providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow(为青少年提供安全的成长空间)”可知，前文提到青少年成长中会“突破边界、抱怨规则”，后文强调父母需“提供安全的成长边界”，可见“lasting figures”是父母在青少年生活中需扮演的、能应对其变化的角色，核心逻辑是“父母的角色需稳定，以支撑青少年成长”。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend’s house, or need their parents to take them to school.(例如，青少年常常会感到沮丧、尴尬，甚至愤怒，因为他们虽然渴望自由，但却仍需要征得父母的同意才能去朋友家，或者需要父母送他们去上学)”可知，他们渴望自由，但仍需父母的同意或帮助，因此经常感到沮丧。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to the online Health Guide on adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures (人物) in their teenagers’ life, providing safe boundaries (边界) for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted.(根据青少年发展方面的在线健康指南，父母必须成为孩子生活中的稳定存在，为孩子提供安全的界限以助其成长，即便孩子可能会觉得这些界限是不必要的)”以及本文主要讲了父母应如何与成长中的青少年相处，因此B项“如何与成长中的青少年相处”最适合用作本文的标题。故选B。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西桂林逸仙中学·期中）The Silk Road is the name of different roads that connected Europe, Africa and Asia long ago. People reached these different places along these roads. Scientists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3000 years ago. At that time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world. The Silk Road covered almost 6500 kilometers. It went from Rome to China, which is from the West to the Far East. Merchants travelled along the Silk Road to carry silk, of course. They also carried and traded other things like spices (香料), cloth, jewels and gold. Along and around these ancient paths have come many fascinating and mysterious stories. It is said that Roman soldiers who lost a war travelled through central Asia. They decided to live somewhere near the ancient Chinese villages. Some of these Romans married local Chinese women and the legend of the blond-haired, blue-eyed tribes of China was started. Some historians believe that the people of Kashmir were taken away from their country Israel. They were prisoners (俘虏) of war almost 2800 years ago. People say that these people travelled along the Silk Road. They kept their Jewish way of life for a long time. During its busiest period, the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix. The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable things and new ideas. It included people and trading goods from different areas. All these peoples travelled the Silk Road. And they shared goods, stories, languages, and cultures. In modern times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses. There is even a silk route museum in Jiuquan in China. It has over 35,000 objects from all along the Silk Road. In this way, China protects the history of many countries and peoples. 1.The underlined word “Merchants” in the passage probably means ________. A. foreigners B. businessmen C. soldiers D. prisoners 2.According to the passage, ________. A. the Silk Road began with the wars. B. the Silk Road covered almost 6500 kilometers in China. C. people began to travel the Silk Road about 3000 years ago. D. people from Israel were not included among people on the Silk Road. 3.The old Silk Road routes are still used because________. A. there are many old stories about them. B. the historians and scientists think highly of them. C. China will make good use of the Silk Road again. D. people can keep on traveling and trading along them. 4.The best title for the passage can be________. A. Stories along the Silk Road B. Silk Route Museum C. Trade for Silk D. The West and the Far East 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路及发生在丝绸之路上的迷人而神秘的故事。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线单词下句“They also carried and traded other things like spices (香料), cloth, jewels and gold.”（他们还携带和交易其他物品，如香料、布料、珠宝和黄金。）可知，句中的“They”代指画线单词“Merchants”，携带和交易物品的人应该是商人，由此可知，画线单词所在句指的是商人沿着丝绸之路行进以运送丝绸，“businessmen”意为“商人”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Scientists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3000 years ago.”（科学家认为，大约3000年前，人们就开始走丝绸之路了。）可知，科学家认为，人们在大约3000年前就开始走丝绸之路了，由此可知，根据文章内容，大约3000年前，人们就开始走丝绸之路了。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable things and new ideas. It included people and trading goods from different areas. All these peoples travelled the Silk Road. And they shared goods, stories, languages, and cultures. In modem times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses.”（丝绸之路允许分享有价值的东西和新思想。它包括来自不同地区的人员和商品交易。所有这些人都走了丝绸之路。他们分享商品、故事、语言和文化。在现代，古老的丝绸之路仍在使用，但现在它们由火车而不是骆驼和马穿过。）可知，丝绸之路的用途是供来自不同地区的人们沿途旅行，分享新思想和进行商品交易，由此可知，古老的丝绸之路仍在使用，是因为人们可以继续沿着它们旅行和交易。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“The Silk Road is the name of different roads that connected Europe, Africa and Asia long ago.”（丝绸之路是很久以前连接欧洲、非洲和亚洲的不同道路的名称。）和第二段关键句“Along and around these ancient paths have come many fascinating and mysterious stories.”（沿着这些古老的道路，有着许多迷人而神秘的故事。）可知，文章主要介绍了丝绸之路及发生在丝绸之路上的迷人而神秘的故事，例如文中介绍的中国金发碧眼部落的来历等故事，“Stories along the Silk Road”意为“沿着丝绸之路的故事”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西南宁第三十六中学·期中）Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web”. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi. These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections”. When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂). Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid, hack the network to steal nutrients from nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists. Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the Internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) to climate change. As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. 1.What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding? A. Producing defensive resins in bark. B. Transmitting electrical signals through roots. C. Releasing a warning gas into the air. D. Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks. 2.What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Using chemicals to kill insects. B. Releasing poisons to contain competitors. C. Fighting for sunlight through height. D. Stealing nutrients via underground roots. 3.Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists? A. They attract diverse wildlife species. B. They offer young trees nutrients. C. They battle against climate change. D. They maintain ecosystem stability. 4.What’s the main idea of the text? A. The defensive strategies of trees. B. The cooperative interaction between trees. C. The important role of mother trees. D. The hidden communication among trees. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了森林中被科学家称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络系统。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. (2023年《自然•生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差。)”可知，金合欢树是通过向空气中释放乙烯这种警告气体来提醒附近树木有长颈鹿在进食。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid, hack the network to steal nutrients from nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors (并非所有的互动都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽灵兰花，会利用网络从附近的树木中窃取养分，却不给予任何回报。其他物种，如黑胡桃树，则会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手)”可推理出，biological warfare指的是释放毒素来抑制竞争对手。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the Internet. (砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样。)”可知，科学家认为应该保护母树是因为它们能维持生态系统的稳定。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the ‘Wood Wide Web’. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). (在安静的森林表面下，隐藏着一个繁忙的网络，科学家称之为“森林万维网”。树木不是孤立的个体，而是通过真菌的地下系统交流、共享资源，甚至发出警告。)”和最后一段中的“This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. (我们脚下的这种无声对话提醒我们，自然界最深刻的交流往往无需一言半语。)”可知，文章开篇就提到森林中存在被称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络，树木通过它进行无声交流、共享资源。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是树木之间隐藏的交流。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广西南宁第三十六中学·期中）In a world-record effort to help save a valuable sea creature, Australian scientists have released hundreds of baby seahorses into the wild. The tiny seahorses are endangered, and the scientists hope the new seahorses will help their numbers grow. Seahorses get their name because they look a bit like horses. They aren’t great swimmers, even though they’re fish. They often use their tails to hold onto something in the water. They mostly live in warm, shallow waters around the world. They are often found in coral reefs, in beds of seagrass, and areas where rivers empty into the sea. Seahorses form an important part of the ocean’s food chain. They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals. Many kinds of seahorses are often threatened by the human actions. Sometimes they’re caught and sold as pets. They are also caught by accident when people are trying to catch other fish. To begin the project, scientists collected three pregnant seahorses in January. Those seahorses were brought back to the aquarium (水族馆) in Sydney. After the babies were born, the scientists kept them there for five months, feeding the baby seahorses shrimps (小虾) to help them grow strong. Scientist Mitchell Brennan says, “They don’t have a stomach, so they have to eat constantly.” About a month before the young seahorses were released, the scientists created eight underwater “hotels” for them. The hotels look like cages, providing a safe place for the seahorses to develop. Putting the hotels into the sea early allowed the cages to be covered with small sea life that can help provide food for the seahorses. This is the fifth time the scientists have released seahorses into the area, and this time was a record. Around 380 seahorses were released. The researchers put tiny tags (标记) under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future. 1.What can be learned about seahorses from paragraph 2? A. They look exactly like horses. B. They have a gift for swimming. C. They mostly live in the deep sea. D. They feed on small sea creatures. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The types of the seahorses. B. Living conditions the seahorses need. C. Areas the seahorses live in. D. Dangers the seahorses face. 3.Why are the eight “hotels” put into the sea early? A. To differ the project from the former ones. B. To avoid danger the seahorses may face. C. To offer food to the seahorses. D. To help track the seahorses in the future. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. A New Study on Endangered Seahorses B. Underwater “Hotels” for Baby Seahorses C. A Record Number of Baby Seahorses Were Released D. New Methods of Finding Endangered Seahorses 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了澳大利亚科学家数百只海马宝宝释放到野外，拯救了海洋生物的同时创造了世界纪录。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals.”（它们吃微小的海洋生物，也被较大的海洋动物吃掉。）可知，从第二段中我们可以了解到海马它们以小型海洋生物为食。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Many kinds of seahorses are often threatened by the human actions. Sometimes they’re caught and sold as pets. They are also caught by accident when people are trying to catch other fish.”（许多种类的海马经常受到人类活动的威胁。有时它们会被抓来当宠物卖。当人们试图捕捉其他鱼时，它们也会被意外捕获。）可知，第三段主要讲述了海马面临的危险。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Putting the hotels into the sea early allowed the cages to be covered with small sea life that can help provide food for the seahorses.”（把“旅馆”提前放到海里，可以让笼子里覆盖上小海洋生物，这些小海洋生物可以为海马提供食物。）可知，提前将笼子投入大海，是为了给海马提供食物。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“In a world-record effort to help save a valuable sea creature, Australian scientists have released hundreds of baby seahorses into the wild.”（为了拯救一种珍贵的海洋生物，澳大利亚科学家创造了一项世界纪录，他们将数百只海马宝宝放归野外。）可知，文章主要讲的是澳大利亚科学家数百只海马宝宝释放到野外，拯救了海洋生物的同时创造了世界纪录。故文章最好的标题是“创纪录数量的小海马被放生”。故选C项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区联考·期中）On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet? Foraging can create a deep connection to nature. Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land, and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging. Foraging is the oldest way of getting food and is becoming very popular again. It is common among people who care about the environment and want to avoid pesticides and industrial food systems. However, its popularity has led to rules in some US national parks to limit how much people can gather. The effect of foraging on the environment is complicated. Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much. Sustainable foraging means taking only small amounts for yourself. But Dan Scott admits that if thousands of people foraged on the beach, it would not be sustainable. Health risks are another important thing to think about. Sivarajah warns that plants in cities can absorb harmful metals from car pollution. Seaweed has high levels of substances like arsenic and lead. The biggest danger, however, comes from picking the wrong thing. For example, he is very clear that looking for mushrooms needs learning from an expert, not just books, because deadly poisonous types exist. His advice is joining a group and learning from experienced people. 1.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By answering some questions. C. Through a brief comparison. D. Through a personal experience. 2.What is Dan Scott’s attitude towards Janani Sivarajah’s opinion? A. Unclear. B. Supportive. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 3.Why are people prevented from foraging in some parks in Canada? A. Foraging can have bad effects on local wildlife. B. Foraging causes local farmers to make less money. C. Foraging often leads to people picking up some poisonous plants. D. Foraging influences the development of Canada’s food systems. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why is foraging a valuable practice? B. The benefits and challenges of foraging C. Methods of foraging for seaweed safely D. Why is foraging becoming popular again? 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“觅食”这一行为展开，先是通过作者参加海藻搜寻课程的个人经历引出话题，随后介绍了其能让人们与自然建立深厚联系、作为古老觅食方式重新流行等益处，同时也阐述了其可能耗尽野生动物资源、存在健康风险等挑战。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet?(在英格兰侏罗纪海岸一个温暖的四月夜晚，我参加了一门海藻搜寻课程。我们的向导丹・斯科特教我们认识了海藻的不同部分，如何通过切割而不伤害植株的方式可持续地采摘，以及哪些种类的海藻可以安全食用。这次经历让我思考：觅食能帮助我们与自然重新建立联系，对地球有益吗？)”可推知，作者通过自身参加海藻搜寻课程的个人经历引出了主题。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging.(城市觅食研究者贾纳尼·西瓦拉贾说，这能让人们团结在一起，让人们与土地建立联系，让人们回归本源。丹·斯科特对此表示赞同，他认为教人们认识可食用植物，会让他们在觅食时更有可能保护自然)”可推知，丹·斯科特对贾纳尼·西瓦拉贾的观点持支持态度。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much.(觅食会耗尽野生动物所需的当地资源，尤其是当这种行为是为了赚钱时。法律体现了这些担忧，因此加拿大的一些公园禁止觅食，英国国民信托基金警告不要采食太多)”可知，加拿大一些公园禁止觅食是因为这种行为会对当地野生动物产生不良影响。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据各段核心内容：第一段引出觅食的话题；第二段介绍觅食能让人与自然建立深厚联系的好处；第三段提到其作为古老获取食物的方式重新流行；第四段说明其对环境的复杂影响及相关限制；第五段指出其存在的健康风险及建议。由此可知，文章围绕觅食的益处和面临的挑战展开。The benefits and challenges of foraging(觅食的好处和挑战)适合作本文标题。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西来宾市·期中）DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in Britain. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV programmes show people how to DIY. English people like DIY. There is a saying in Britain, “An Englishman’s home is his castle”. A large number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”. If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experience with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn (经济衰退) at present, many people cannot afford a big house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to get together themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions (操作指南). Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions (意图), many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in Britain, including 41,000 who fell off ladders. Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼). Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. 1.What is the meaning of DIY? A. Do some shopping. B. Play a game. C. Play a joke. D. Do it yourself. 2.How do many English people spend their holidays according to the passage? A. Making their homes beautiful. B. Visiting their friends. C. Travelling all over the world. D. Making a lot of money. 3.Why do English people like DIY? A. Many stores sell DIY things. B. DIY can bring them fun. C. TV programmes teach them to DIY. D. All DIY projects are easy. 4.In the passage, “we bite off more than we can chew” probably means . A. We can eat everything we like. B. We should do something difficult. C. We do something that is too difficult. D. We eat too much food that is not safe. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DIY在英国的流行情况，包括其含义、人们喜欢DIY的原因、DIY的难度和危险性，并给出了相应的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in Britain.(DIY，意思是自己动手，在英国很流行)”可知，DIY的意思是“自己动手做”。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A large number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”.(许多人在假期里把他们的家建造成美丽的“城堡”)”可知，许多英国人利用假期把自己的家变成美丽的“城堡”，也就是装饰美化自己的家。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY.(越来越多的人发现了DIY的乐趣)”可知，英国人喜欢DIY的原因之一是它能给人们带来乐趣。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“DIY can be difficult.(DIY可能很难)”可知，DIY并不总是像人们想象的那么容易。结合最后一段“Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼). Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY.(因此，自己动手做能给我们带来乐趣，还能帮我们省钱，但如果we bite off (咬掉) more than we can chew (咀嚼)，它也并非总是像人们想象的那么容易。也许工厂应该制造更容易和更安全的产品，让我们自己动手)”可知，虽然DIY能带来乐趣和省钱，但如果我们做太难的事情，也没有那么容易。所以划线部分“we bite off more than we can chew”的意思是“我们做太难的事情”。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西玉林八校·期中）“You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics (特点，特质) or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time. Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as “person responses”. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using “process responses”. For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement. The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give “process responses” focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive (有建设性的) give more “person responses”. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure — are more likely to avoid harder math problems, show higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests. Because “person responses” predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation. 1.Which of the following is an example of process response? A. You are a lucky dog. B. Running is in your blood. C. What works well for your study? D. Why are you such a math genius? 2.What can be inferred from the study results? A. Parents prefer to give more process responses. B. Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety. C. Process responses help with children’s math achievement. D. Person responses can discourage children from learning math. 3.What do researchers advise parents to do? A. Limit person responses. B. Defend their own beliefs. C. Stress children’s performance. D. Ignore children’s math problems. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps. B. The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math is important. C. Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math. D. Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了佐治亚大学开展的一项新研究发现，父母对孩子数学表现的回应方式会影响孩子的数学动机和成绩，“个人回应”可能削弱孩子学习数学的积极性，研究者建议父母限制此类回应。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using “process responses”.(相比之下，将孩子的行为（如努力或策略使用）与他们的表现联系起来的父母使用的是“过程回应”。)”可知，“过程回应”关注的是孩子的努力或策略等行为，C选项“What works well for your study?(什么对你的学习有效？)”属于关注孩子学习策略方面的回应，是“过程回应”的例子。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics (特点，特质) or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.(最近，佐治亚大学开展的一项新研究发现，用与孩子个人特质或天赋相关的回应来鼓励孩子，可能会随着时间的推移削弱他们的数学动机和成绩。)”以及第四段中“While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure — are more likely to avoid harder math problems, show higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.(虽然强调策略和努力的回应与任何成绩结果无关，但收到更多关于个人特质（尤其是与失败相关）回应的孩子更有可能回避更难的数学问题，表现出更高水平的数学焦虑，在数学成绩测试中得分更低。)”可知，“个人回应”会削弱孩子学习数学的积极性，使孩子回避难题、产生焦虑且成绩降低，即“个人回应”会阻碍孩子学习数学。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because “person responses” predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.(由于“个人回应”预示着随着时间的推移孩子数学适应能力会变差，研究人员建议父母在家中限制这种类型的回应。)”可知，研究人员建议父母限制“个人回应”。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段““You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics (特点，特质) or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.(“你真聪明！”这种针对孩子数学表现的鼓励性回应十分常见。最近，佐治亚大学开展的一项新研究发现，用与孩子个人特质或天赋相关的回应来鼓励孩子，可能会随着时间的推移削弱他们在数学方面的学习动力和成绩。)”可知，文章开篇通过引用佐治亚大学的一项新研究引出话题，指出用与孩子个人特质或天赋相关的回应鼓励孩子可能削弱其数学动机和成绩，接着介绍了研究的具体内容，包括“个人回应”和“过程回应”的定义、研究结果以及研究人员的建议等，整体围绕父母与孩子谈论数学的方式展开，强调了这种谈话方式对孩子数学学习的重要性。B选项“The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math is important(父母与孩子谈论数学的方式很重要)”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广西壮族自治区联考·期中）Researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) and brain scanning (扫描) technology to study the brain activity of students with math learning disabilities. This research aims to better understand the neurological (神经系统的) reasons behind these challenges, which affect one in five students in the United States. The study built on years of research into how learning disabilities affect children’s brains. By using new AI tools, the team was able to explore these problems in greater detail. The study created “digital twins” — AI models that copy the brain activity of real students as they solve math problems. The researchers tested 45 students, aged 7 to 9, including 21 with math learning disabilities. While the students solved basic addition and subtraction (减法) problems, their brain activity was tracked by a brain scanning machine. The AI models, or “digital twins”, were then trained to copy the students’ answers and brain activity. The results were surprising. It turned out that the problem wasn’t too little brain activity, as many had thought, but too much. The students with learning disabilities showed signs of too much excitement in brain areas connected to math. The digital twins showed the same patterns, which means that too much neural activity could cause confusion in solving math problems. The study suggests that students with learning disabilities may need more training to better their performance. The researchers hope that their “digital twins” can be used to create personalized learning plans for students, helping to design more effective educational programs. However, a researcher said that we cannot overread the results. The model needs refinement. There is more work to do, but it does point in some promising new directions for further research. “The study makes us have a system to test targeted strategies before trying them in real classrooms,” Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford, said. “That can speed up the ability to design effective educational programs and make real progress for kids with math learning disabilities.” 1.What is the purpose of the Stanford University study? A. To change the existing education system. B. To teach students better math learning methods. C. To raise solutions to challenges facing teachers. D. To find out the neurological causes of math learning disabilities. 2.What were the students asked to do during the experiment? A. Design an AI model. B. Join a math club together. C. Take notes about math. D. Work out math problems. 3.What does the underlined word “refinement” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Comments. B. Invention. C. Improvement. D. Responsibilities. 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study? A. Its wide use. B. Its positive effects. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its difficulties. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的研究人员利用人工智能和脑部扫描技术，研究有数学学习障碍学生的大脑活动。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at Stanford University have used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) and brain scanning (扫描) technology to study the brain activity of students with math learning disabilities. This research aims to better understand the neurological reasons behind these challenges, which affect one in five students in the United States. (斯坦福大学的研究人员使用人工智能和脑部扫描技术来研究有数学学习障碍的学生的大脑活动。这项研究旨在更好地理解这些挑战背后的神经学原因，这些挑战影响了美国五分之一的学生)”可知，斯坦福大学这项研究的目的是找出数学学习障碍的神经学成因。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers tested 45 students, aged 7 to 9, including 21 with math learning disabilities. While the students solved basic addition and subtraction (减法) problems, their brain activity was tracked by a brain scanning machine. (研究人员测试了45名7到9岁的学生，其中21名有数学学习障碍。当学生们解决基本的加减法问题时，他们的大脑活动被脑部扫描机器追踪)”可知，实验期间学生被要求解决数学题。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“However, a researcher said that we cannot overread the results. The model needs refinement. There is more work to do, but it does point in some promising new directions for further research. (然而，一位研究人员表示，我们不能过度解读这一结果。这个模型需要____。还有更多工作要做，但它确实为进一步研究指明了一些有希望的新方向)”可知，还有更多工作要做说明这个模型还需要改进、完善，所以refinement意为“改进”。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“That can speed up the ability to design effective educational programs and make real progress for kids with math learning disabilities. (这可以加快设计有效教育项目的能力，并为有数学学习障碍的孩子取得真正的进步)”可知，最后一段主要谈论了这项研究的积极影响。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广西南宁第三中学·期中）As race season approaches, many runners have the same goal: go faster. But in a study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers show that speeding up might require us to resist our natural biology. By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over. The research group have been studying the mechanics of running in labs for 15 years but hadn’t gotten a chance to study running in the wild before. “We joined the two datasets to gain new insights and combine the more messy wearable data with the gold standard lab experiments to learn about how people run out,” says co-author Jennifer Hicks. What surprised the team was the consistency they found across the combined datasets. “We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger. But this wasn’t the case. Most of the runners analyzed stuck with the same speed, whether they were going for a short run or a long one over ten kilometers. From an evolutionary (进化) standpoint, it makes sense that people would run at the speed that uses the least amount of energy. This caloric conservation is something that has been observed across the animal kingdom. But humans’ reasons for running have changed, and if the goal is speed, there are some tricks runners can use. Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost. Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks. 1.What do the racers have to overcome during the race? A. Energy consumption. B. Muscle loss. C. Weakness of humanity. D. Lack of nutrients. 2.What was the team’s initial idea concerning running? A. People would run in the wild rather than in labs. B. People adjust their speeds to different distances. C. People run at a constant speed regardless of distance. D. People possess enormous potential for running faster. 3.Why are “listening to music” and “picking partners” mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To offer tips on speed increase. B. To evaluate the advantages of running. C. To explain the importance of fast running. D. To reveal the change in human running goals. 4.What’s Hicks’ attitude to the information obtained from wearables? A. Unclear. B. Critical. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现人类要想提高跑步速度，关键是克服能量消耗问题，并给出了一些提高跑步速度的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over.”（通过将实验室监测的跑步者数据与可穿戴健身跟踪器记录的37000次跑步数据相结合，科学家发现，人类的自然倾向是以节省热量损失的速度跑步，而寻求缩短完成里程所需时间的参赛者必须克服这一点。）可知，人类的自然倾向是以节省热量损失的速度跑步，要想以更快的速度跑步，就要克服能量消耗的问题，由此可知，参赛者在比赛中必须克服的是能量消耗问题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句““We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger.”（主要作者杰西卡·塞林格说：“我们之前假设人们在短距离内跑得更快，然后在长距离内放慢步伐。”）可知，研究人员最初认为人们跑步时会根据不同的距离调整速度，在短距离内跑得更快，然后在长距离内放慢步伐，由此可知，团队最初对跑步的想法是人们会根据不同的距离调整速度。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost.”（听节奏更快的音乐有助于加快步频，从而提高跑步速度。此外，选择跑得更快的伙伴一起跑步可以给你带来动力。）可知，“听节奏更快的音乐”和“选择跑得更快的伙伴一起跑步”都是提高跑步速度的方法，由此可知，第五段提到“听音乐”和“挑选伙伴”是为了提供关于提高跑步速度的建议。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks.”（希克斯希望，拥有大量来自可穿戴设备的健康数据将有助于研究人员了解人口状况。希克斯说：“你可以看看与建筑环境和休闲资源的联系，并开始对所有这些数据进行分层，以真正了解如何更广泛地改善体育活动和健康。”）可知，希克斯认为来自可穿戴设备的健康数据将有助于研究人员了解人口状况，通过分析数据，真正了解如何更广泛地改善体育活动和健康，由此可推断出，希克斯对从可穿戴设备上获得的信息的态度是赞许的。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $