专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，天津专用）高一英语上学期

**基本信息** 高中英语高一上学期期中阅读理解汇编，涵盖人与社会、自我、自然四大主题语境，精选15篇说明文，素材兼具科学前沿（如AI疗法、面部识别支付）与生活实践（如冬季感冒成因、情绪管理），问题设计梯度分明。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|15篇/75分（每篇5题）|含文学艺术、科学技术、自然生态等8个子主题，覆盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等能力|情境贴近时代（如故宫数字化、蚂蚁导航研究），问题层次清晰（基础题占60%，推理题占30%，主旨题占10%）|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·天津第二十中学·期中）Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too. To preserve Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what was the composition of ancient paint or what it was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork. According to their paper published in Science-Advances, grains and yeast (酵母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent (用过已废的) grains and yeast. The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster. Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks. The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth. However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists. They were willing to accept that their work would be preserved for a longer period. The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can “appreciate what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, US, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks. 1.What is the main purpose of the research mentioned in the passage? A. To find out how eggs can help to protect the artworks. B. To study the history of beer and egg consumption in Denmark. C. To explore the benefits of beer and egg consumption for artists. D. To research the composition of ancient paint for protecting Danish paintings. 2.Why were beer by-products used in historic Danish paintings? A. To keep the paintings clean. B. To help the colors stick better. C. To give the painting a different look. D. To make the paintings more colorful. 3.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Kept. B. Shared. C. Controlled. D. Discovered. 4.How did yolk’s proteins help preserve artworks? A. By adding color to the paint. B. By making the paint dry faster. C. By wrinkling the paint with oil. D. By slowing down the oxidation of the paint. 5.According to Ken Sutherland, the research like this provides . A. preservation techniques for paintings B. deeper understanding of the artworks C. more appreciation for artists’ materials D. insights into the history of art materials 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Which statement (陈述) do you prefer? Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure, we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s probably struggling to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time for you to move a step to a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, statistics (数据) show that our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be and it seems we are much stricter with ourselves. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to strengthening the confidence and changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat (击败) a passive self-image and stay confident is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts (怀疑) to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you are usually too strict with yourself or too stubborn and can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves (袖子) and make a change of it as your primary (主要的) task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, go straight to a shop to buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true. The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far too subjective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and the style of doing things and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Never submit to your negative self-image Good luck! 1.You need to build a positive self-image when you ________. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 2.According to the passage, our self-images ________. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 3.How should you change your self-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 5.Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津经济技术开发区第一中学·期中）There’s a whole lot of things that people fill their stomachs with. Some of them keep people alive. Some of them taste good to people. Some of them help people win pie-eating contests. Alcohol does none of those things. Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs? There are all kinds of alcohol molecules (分子)，but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol (乙醇)．Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it’s not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. Because ethanol, to a certain extent, can pass through cell membranes (膜). It can go almost anywhere. It spreads through the muscles, and is sweated — unmetabolized (未经新陈代新的) and whole — through the skin. It gets into the heart. It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers. Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body. Enough alcohol makes people sleep, so people who become unconscious choke on their own vomit (呕吐物). Most worryingly, enough alcohol can shut down those parts of the brain just like any other parts. People become unconscious and their brains simply forget to breathe. Alcohol is broken down in the liver. Alcohol doesn’t destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage. A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that’s needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person’s brain. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By statement. B. By question. C. By arguing. D. By explaining. 2.Why can Alcohol reach the brain? A. Because it can move through water molecules in the blood. B. Because it is small enough to get through any narrow space. C. Because it is so light that the bloodstream can transport it. D. Because it is absorbed only by the cells in the stomach. 3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Alcohol affects the work of the nerves. B. Alcohol has an effect on people’s breath. C. People are drunk when their brains get drunk. D. Drinking too much is quite dangerous. 4.From the passage, we can know ________. A. many people like a drink when they feel relaxed B. enough alcohol can control the brain activities C. alcohol damage the liver indirectly D. proper alcohol may lead to better sleep 5.What suggestion does the author give on drinking alcohol? A. Controlling the time of drinking. B. Controlling the amount of drinking. C. Choosing the kind of drink. D. Choosing the place of drinking. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区田家炳中学·期中）Some words are used to describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend too much time sitting or lying down while watching television is sometimes called a couch potato. A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on. Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term (词语；术语) in 1976. Years later, he listed it as a trademark (商标) with the American government. He also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called “The Official Couch Potato Handbook”. Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just as mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the thing that we use to move the pointer on a computer screen. The term became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers. Too much time inside the house can cause someone to get cabin fever which isn’t really a disease. However, people can become bored if they spend too much time inside their homes. This especially happens during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside and even offices and stores are closed. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. Some people enjoy spending a lot of time in their homes to make them nice places to live in. This is called nesting or cocooning. Birds build nests to hold their eggs and baby birds. Some insects (昆虫) build cocoons around themselves for protection. Nests and cocoons provide safety for wildlife. So people like the idea of nests and cocoons, too. The terms became popular over 20 years ago. They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then have children. When these children are grown and have left the nest, these parents will live alone in their empty nest and become empty nesters. 1.The terms introduced in the passage are mainly connected with ____ . A. habits B. hobbies C. life D. time 2.According to the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning with the word “couch”? A. bed B. box C. sofa D. desk 3.A special book was once written on the term ______. A. couch potato B. mouse potato C. cabin fever D. empty nesters 4.When we hear someone say “The boy has got cabin fever”, we know that the boy is feeling_____. A. happy B. sick C. cold D. bored 5.According to the passage, What’s the meaning of empty nesters in Chinese? A. 空鸟笼 B. 空巢老人 C. 空鸟巢 D. 忙碌的筑巢者 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·天津北辰第四十七中学·期中）You may have been told to dress warmly before going outside in the winter; otherwise, you’ll “catch a cold”. But are you actually more likely to catch a cold when it’s freezing outside? Put simply, yes: The occurrence of respiratory (呼吸道的) infections, such as the common cold, rises in temperate regions (温带地区) during the winter. During the winter, we typically spend more time indoors, meaning we’re spending more time closer to other people, potentially in places with poor air ventilation (通风), which makes viruses more likely to spread within the population. But beyond these behavioral changes, scientists have shown that there are other reasons that explain why we get more colds in winter. Epithelial cells (上皮细胞) that line the nose are the first barrier against viruses breathed in from the air. Normally, in response to viral infection, these cells increase a secretion (分泌物) — called extracellular vesicles — which can help clear viruses before they can enter the rest of the body. These vesicles also contain miRNAs that prevent viruses from making copies of their genetic material. However, in colder weather, when the temperature inside the nose drops from 98.6 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度), the system fails and respiratory viruses effectively double their capacity to reproduce. These findings imply that wearing facial coverings, such as masks, may be beneficial for two main reasons. Firstly, masks lower the amount of virus that can enter the nose, and secondly, they maintain warm air in front of the face which helps keep epithelial cells working their best. Another thing that can affect how the body responds to viruses in the winter is humidity (the amount of water in the air), as the air inside our homes tends to be drier than usual. In a study published in 2019, researchers found that when mice live in dry air conditions — between 10% and 20% relative humidity — their ability to fight cold infections declines, compared with mice living in 50% relative humidity. That’s because, in dry conditions, protective cells within the respiratory system also secrete fewer chemicals that can help prevent viruses from re-producing. Thus, it’s advised to keep the relative humidity level between 40% and 60% indoors. 1.What is the behavioral factor behind people’s catching a cold in winter? A. Their preference for gathering inside. B. Their improper habit of layering up. C. Their frequent ventilation. D. Their insufficient exercise. 2.What do we know about epithelial cells? A. They help control a runny nose. B. They become inactive in the cold. C. They reproduce quickly in the cold. D. They help reduce secretions in the nose. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The process of catching a cold. B. The role of masks in preventing colds. C. How to choose suitable face coverings. D. How to keep warm in the freezing cold. 4.What did the study from 2019 reveal? A. Proper humidity boosts cold resistance. B. Viruses survive briefly in dry conditions. C. Indoor temperatures decide air humidity. D. Respiratory systems increase secretions in dry air. 5.The author writes the text to ______. A. introduce the best cure for colds B. recognize different cold viruses C. help people prevent colds in winter D. familiarize people with the impacts of winter 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津东丽一百中学·期中）Monarch butterflies have amazed the world with their annual migration south from the United States and Canada to California and Mexico. But habitat loss endangers the future of not just the butterflies, but other pollinators (传花粉者) necessary for the nation’s ecosystems. “We have to do something now, before it’s too late,” said Ethan Walsh, a senior philosophy student at California State University, Northridge. Ethan and his mother, Christina Walsh are working closely with the Chumash tribe (部落) to restore (恢复) and improve habitats for monarch butterflies and other pollinators. They are planting milkweed and other pollinator-friendly plants at three sites on 210 acres of the Chumash ancestral lands. As a result, about 140 acres of habitat have been improved. “Creating space for pollinators on ancestral land helps meet the migratory needs of the monarch butterflies and habitat needs of other native pollinators,” Ethan said. The restoration efforts center around native milkweed, the only plant monarch butterflies will eat. Native milkweed has been rapidly disappearing for a number of reasons. Ethan and his mother have spent years collecting the seeds (种子) of milkweed plants native to the area. The Walshes have collected 2 pounds of native milkweed seeds so far, and they aim to collect 7 pounds in total. They are planting these seeds along with other pollinator-friendly plants: The goal is to make sure there is enough milkweed for monarch butterflies to eat on their journey. The project also includes setting up a teaching and demonstration site at the Chumash information center, so visitors can learn about habitat restoration efforts and perhaps learn some lessons and apply them in their own communities. “We don’t want what we are doing to be kept a secret,” Ethan said. “We and the Chumash tribal leaders want to share so that others can learn from what we’re doing.” 1.What is one problem for monarch butterflies? A. Habitats are getting smaller. B. Air pollution is getting worse. C. Temperatures are getting higher. D. Competition among butterflies is increasing. 2.What other plants are included in the Walshes’ planting efforts besides native milkweed seeds? A. Native trees. B. Plants that are good for pollinators. C. Edible flowers. D. Plants that provide shade for birds. 3.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 mean? A. The Walshes need to find new partners. B. The Walshes’ work has had some success. C. The Chumash tribe’s lands are being gradually destroyed. D. The Chumash tribe has a long history of raising monarch butterflies. 4.Why do the Walshes try to grow native milkweed? A. To study the reasons for the migration of monarch butterflies. B. To change the eating habits of monarch butterflies. C. To help monarch butterflies shorten their journey. D. To provide enough food for monarch butterflies. 5.What can the teaching and demonstration site do? A. It can teach people how to migrate properly. B. It can help change people’s view of monarch butterflies. C. It can provide a window into the Chumash tribe’s culture. D. It can provide others with a practical example of habitat restoration. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津北辰第四十七中学·期中）Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes caused the death of about 450 people between 2006 and 2021. Less lightning means fewer losses in human life, and that’s why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning protection. Currently, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground. But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings, such as airports, are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods. One idea is to use lasers (激光) to guide lightning, which is not novel. Scientists have been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory. But scientists hadn’t been able to guide lightning with lasers outside until the summer of 2021. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning strikes for 164 feet. The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge (电荷). The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod. That the scientists managed to experiment with the laser in an outdoor environment is a very big step. Despite the progress, the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance. Lasers are also very expensive. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings. 1.What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A. To encourage readers to use lightning rods. B. To call on readers to protect the environment. C. To explain the importance of preventing lightning. D. To remind readers to stay safe during lightning storms. 2.What is the disadvantage of lightning rods? A. Their short service life. B. Their limited coverage. C. Their expensive material. D. Their low speed of guiding electricity. 3.What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. New. B. Effective. C. Confusing. D. Costly. 4.What did the scientists use the laser for? A. Reducing the heat of lightning. B. Changing the path of lightning. C. Slowing down the speed of lightning. D. Protecting the lightning rod from damage. 5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The laser works better in a lab. B. The technology has yet to be perfected. C. The research result will soon benefit humans. D. The scientists think poorly of the lightning rod. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Nightmares (噩梦) are terrible dreams that make the sleeper frightened and threatened. Sometimes the person is so scared that he may wake up from his sleep. When the person wakes up he may be sweating (出汗) and develops a heart-in-throat feeling. He may be able to remember the nightmare and what frightened him the most. Once the person realizes it was just a dream and that he is safe and sound, he may calm down and fall asleep. The bogeyman is the most common cause of nightmares in children. Joking apart, there are many other causes of nightmares in children. It is a normal part of their growing years and children tend to develop fear of things they do not understand. As monsters are the first one to make children get nightmares, other things, such as insects, which are unknown to them may also cause fear in the innocent mind. Doctors have found that some circumstances can also cause nightmares in children, for example: fear of new school, watching too many horror movies, etc. Teens suffer from different types of nightmares. Adolescence is an age when all things around are in the wrong order but need to be solved, so teens are burdened with many issues that they are not mature enough to understand. Confusion, adolescence, school pressure and irregular lifestyle may lead to nightmares in teenagers. There are different causes of nightmares in adults. It can be due to a physical illness or mental stress. Studies have found men and women suffer from different kinds of nightmares. Men are more likely to dream about being fired from their job or a violent situation. Women would have nightmares about death of a loved one, losing their hair, or becoming unattractive. Men and women both dream of failing in exams even if they are not students any more. Some scientists believe nightmares, like dreams, are the way the mind works out the conflicts that it has not resolved in the wakeful hours. Some people believe nightmares are a sign of things to come, but there is no scientific evidence. 1.According to the passage, a person waking up from a nightmare ________. A. will get a dry throat B. can remember the dream clearly C. can no more fall asleep D. will go to sleep again 2.What does the underlined word “bogeyman” mean? A. A person that children fear most. B. An animal appearing in horror films. C. An imaginary monster used to frighten children. D. A kind of mental stress causing nightmares in children. 3.The third paragraph mainly tells us ________. A. causes of nightmares in teenagers B. different types of nightmares of teens C. that adolescence is an age of confusion D. that teenagers have lots of things to deal with 4.According to the text, which group may mind their appearance most? A. Children. B. Old people. C. Men. D. Women. 5.Scientists may have to research into ________. A. other causes of nightmares B. whether the physical state causes nightmares C. if nightmares show the truth of the future D. how dreams work out conflicts unsolved in the day time Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Lisa is a good example of a student in shock. She is an attractive, intelligent twenty-year-old college junior at a state university. She was a straight-A student in high school and a member of basketball and volleyball teams there. Now, only three years later, Lisa is miserable. She has changed her major four times and is forced to hold down two part-time jobs in order to pay her tuition. She suffers from sleeping and eating disorders and has no close friends. Sometimes she bursts out crying for no apparent (明显的) reasons. What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, about one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from symptoms (症状) of depression. Of that group, almost half will experience depression intense (强烈的) enough to call for professional help. But many reject that idea, because they don’t want people to think there’s something wrong with them. There are three reasons why today’s students are suffering more than in earlier generations. First is a weakening family support structure. Today, with high divorce rates and many parents experiencing their own psychological difficulties, the traditional family is not always available for guidance and support. Another problem is financial pressure. In the last decade, tuition costs (学费支出) have skyrocketed-up about sixty-six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private schools. At the same time there has been a cutback in federal aid to students. College loans are now much harder to obtain. Consequently, most students must work at their part time. A final cause of student shock is the large selection of majors available. Because of the multitude (众多) and difficulty of choosing a major (专业), college can prove a time of great indecision. Many students switch majors. As a result, it is becoming common place to take five or six years to get a degree. It can be depressing for students to be faced with the added tuition costs. 1.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Going to college is a depressing experience for many students. B. Lisa has not enjoyed college because her life has been filled with stress. C. Stress-related problems are increasing on college campuses D. Colleges should increase their counseling services 2.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of paragraph 2? A. Lisa is experiencing difficult emotional problems. B. Lisa cannot decide on a major. C. Lisa feels she has lost all her good friends. D. Lisa cries: frequently. 3.The author implies that some students who suffer from extreme depression ________. A. should drop out of college B. have never done well in school C. can always handle it on their own D. are unwilling to get professional help 4.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Students may not get enough family support. B. Students don’t have enough money to support themselves. C. It is difficult for students to choose their majors nowadays. D. Students suffer from poor diets. 5.The author supports his point that college life has become more difficult for students with ________. A. quotation (引用) from experts B. statistics (数据) and reasons C. research reports D. personal experiences Passage 3 （25-26高一上·天津二十一中学·期中）“Look how stupid he is!” A 7-year-old said to her dad Daniel Funke, pointing to a picture of a famous person on the Internet. The photo showed the man signing his name—with his pen turned upside down. Of course, the photo was not the original one. It had been changed to look like him using the pen the wrong way. Funke quickly pointed out the mistake, and his daughter got an on-the-spot education in fake (假的) news. By then, however, many people had already shared it on social media. “The pitfalls of sharing misinformation and fake news can be very serious,” says Laeeq Khan, who heads the Social Media Analytics Lab at Ohio University in Athens. Sharing something that’s not true can cost people their lives, he notes. Last year, people in India used a messaging app, WhatsApp, to spread fake stories about a kidnapping ring(绑架团伙). The lies caused violent attacks in which people died. Fake news stories hurt people in other ways, too. For example, fake reports lead some parents to refuse vaccines(疫苗) for their children. Yet without vaccines, children can get deadly diseases. Fake news can even hurt people who aren’t its target(目标). “About seven in ten Americans were telling us that fake news has a big influence on the confidence in our government,” says Jeffrey Gottfried. He’s a journalism and media-research expert at Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C.. Researchers there did a survey in the United States about the influence of made-up news. About half the people in the survey said they had shared misinformation online. Most of them said they didn’t realize it at the time. Besides causing serious results, sharing a fake story makes it harder for people to tell what’s real. And when people find out a story is not real, they may not trust other information from a person who spread it. Therefore, it’s important to do fact-checking before sharing news stories. 1.What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A. To bring up the topic of the text. B. To tell an interesting news story. C. To provide the main idea of the text. D. To list people’s popular online behavior. 2.What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Mistakes. B. Problems. C. Advantages. D. Possibilities 3.What will probably be discussed if the text is continued? A. The ways to check whether a news story is real. B. What people should do when they discover fake news. C. What makes it hard for people to spot misinformation. D. The reasons why we should think twice before sharing news. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The causes of fake news. B. The bad effects of fake news. C. The person of making fake news. D. The process of making fake news. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·天津和平耀华中学·期中）This year marks the centenary of the Palace Museum, an important occasion that celebrates its transformation from an imperial fortress into a world-renowned sign of culture and history. Over the past century, it has not only kept China’s glorious past but has also dynamically reinvented itself for a global audience. The museum’s journey began in 1925, following the expulsion of the last emperor. The once-forbidden gates were opened to the public, turning a symbol of supreme power into a shared treasure for all. The early years were filled with immense challenges. The most notable was the “Southern Migration” of its artifacts, a heroic and hard effort to protect over 13,000 crates of precious treasures from the damages of war, ensuring their survival for future generations. In recent decades, the Palace Museum has masterfully balanced preservation with innovation (创新). A comprehensive, ongoing restoration project aims to protect its ancient wooden structures and delicate artwork. Meanwhile, a digital revolution has taken place. The museum has launched high-definition virtual tours, developed engaging mobile apps, and created immersive VR experiences that allow visitors to “walk” through recreated historical scenes. Its savvy use of social media and wildly popular cultural creative products, from ancient-style lipsticks to miniature porcelain (瓷器), have made history overpowering trendy, catching the hearts of young Chinese. The centenary exhibition, “Timeless Splendor,” is the most important part of this evolution. It is not merely a display of artifacts but a narrative of the museum’s own century-long story. It shows priceless objects from its collection while using multimedia equipment to illustrate its transformation from an inaccessible palace to a vibrant, educational center. It highlights how the museum has become a center for international cultural dialogue, collaborating with institutions worldwide. The story of the Palace Museum’s first hundred years is a microcosm (缩影) of China’s broader cultural renaissance. It demonstrates a profound commitment to safeguarding a priceless heritage while confidently accepting the future. No longer just a static repository (贮藏室) of relics, the Palace Museum today is a living, breathing entity. It stands as a testament to the idea that understanding the past is essential for inspiring creativity and awe in the present, ensuring its legacy (遗产) will continue to enlighten minds for the next century to come. 1.The word “savvy” as used in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. cautious and hesitant B. clever and practical C. extensive and expensive D. occasional and unpredictable 2.According to the passage, which of the following best describes the dual focus of the Palace Museum’s modern strategy? A. Profit generation and international expansion. B. Architectural protection and historical replan. C. Physical preservation and digital innovation. D. Academic research and public entertainment. 3.What can be inferred from the passage about the “Timeless Splendor” exhibition? A. It is the first exhibition to use multimedia technology. B. Its significance lies partly in its self-reflective nature. C. It focuses mainly on artifacts from the “Southern Migration” D. It is primarily aimed at general tourists and scholars. 4.The author’s attitude toward the transformation of the Palace Museum is best described as ________. A. neutral and analytical B. longing and critical C. admiring and optimistic D. positive and cautious 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津和平第一中学·期中）You have probably opened your smartphone using your face. If you have travelled internationally, you have used your face to exit and enter the country. You may have even scanned (扫描) your face to confirm your online dating account. But are you willing to use your face to pay for your morning coffee? Facial recognition payment technology (FRPT) is growing rapidly, with 495 million Chinese shoppers using it in 2024—about one-third of China’s population. In 2025, financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase and NEC Corporation plan to adopt FRPT. Physical stores were the most preferred location to trial FRPT, as opposed to online. Within a physical environment. potential users of FRPT could seek support from employees. As one interviewee explained, “I’ll try in a shop first, because if something goes wrong, there is normally someone there that can sort it out.” Some shoppers were willing to adopt FRPT if privacy and security were assured. Others were concerned about facial image storage and data leaks. As one said, “Compared to a credit card or cash, FRPT is absolutely more secure, since cheats would have to know a lot more about me to fake (冒充) my face.” While another said, “I wouldn’t use it. You probably wouldn’t hear if a supermarket got attacked and all the data leaked, so that’s out of your control.” Retailers still have a long way to go to get consumers to pay with facial scans. For retailers wanting to use FRPT, they should put up signs or on-screen videos to communicate the benefits of FRPT; besides that, they should work with reputable FRPT developers to ensure security and privacy. Once they are trialing the technology, extra staff should be assigned to assist customers, and offer promotional rewards. 1.What do the facts mentioned in paragraph 1 mainly highlight? A. Convenience of travel with smartphones. B. Transformation of life with technology. C. Widespread use of facial recognition. D. Growing popularity of facial payment. 2.Why do users prefer trying FRPT in physical stores? A. On-site assistance is available. B. Online payments are unstable. C. They can get promotional rewards. D. They can observe others using FRPT. 3.What can be inferred from the views on FRPT security? A. Physical theft is riskier than digital cheating. B. FRPT has a poor reputation for its performance. C. Privacy and security are a double-edged sword. D. Supermarkets struggle with data collection efficiency. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Challenges raced by FRPT users. B. Strategies to boost FRPT adoption. C. Trends in retail payment technology. D. The necessity of building customer trust, Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津东丽一百中学·期中）Using AI to help write a message to a friend is not a good idea — at least if your friend finds out about the use of AI, a new study suggests. Researchers found that people in the study believed that a friend who used AI to write them a message didn’t put in as much effort as a friend who wrote a message themselves. That may be understandable, but the effect goes beyond the message itself, said Bingjie Liu, lead author of the study. “After they get an AI message, our participants (参与者) feel less satisfied with their relationship with their friend and feel more uncertain about where they stand,” Liu said. But to be fair to AI, it wasn’t just the use of technology that turned people off. “People want their partners or friends to make an effort to come up with their own message without help — from AI or other people,” Liu said. “People want to know how much you want to invest (投入) in your friendship and if they feel you are cutting corners by using AI to help, that’s not good,” Liu explained. Of course, most people won’t tell a friend that they used AI to help write a message, Liu said. But she noted that as ChatGPT becomes more popular, people may start doing a Turing Test in their minds as they read messages from friends and others. “Turing Test” is sometimes used to refer to people wondering if they can tell whether an action was taken by a computer or a person. “It could be that people will secretly do this Turing Test in their minds, trying to figure out if messages have some AI component (成分),” Liu said. “It may hurt relationships.” The answer is to do your own work in relationships, she said. “Don’t use technology just because it is convenient. Sincerity (真诚) still matters a lot in relationships”. 1.How did people in the study feel about receiving an AI message from their friend? A. Thankful. B. Dissatisfied. C. Surprised. D. Embarrassed. 2.Why do people prefer that friends write messages themselves instead of using AI? A. AI messages often have many mistakes. B. People believe AI lacks emotional depth. C. People want to see the effort invested in the friendship. D. Friends who use AI are considered dishonest. 3.What do the underlined words “cutting corners” mean in paragraph 4? A. Dealing with the hardest challenge first. B. Receiving some professional advice. C. Doing something in the easiest way. D. Avoiding personal arguments. 4.Why might people start a Turing Test according to Liu? A. To judge the level of ChatGPT. B. To learn how to communicate with AI. C. To test the sincerity of an online friend. D. To see if AI has been used in a message. 5.What is Liu’s suggestion? A. Being actively honest in relationships. B. Paying attention to real world friends. C. Believing in the development of technology. D. Thinking twice before making a convenient choice. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·天津二十一中学·期中）Ants are good navigators (导航员). They often travel long distances to search for food and carry it back to their nests. But how do they do it? An international team of scientists, including researchers at the University of Edinburgh, UK, has recently come up with an explanation According to the findings, ants use visual (视觉的) memories of their environments and the sun’s position to find their way home. And they can even do it while traveling backwards. The researchers studied a group of desert ants in Seville, Spain. The study’s purpose was to find out how ants navigate when they carry pieces of food of different sizes. To make it work, the scientists first trained the ants to follow a particular path back home, including a challenging 90-degree turn. Then the ants were given either a small or a large piece of food to test their navigational skills. Ants with small pieces of food walked forward and cleared the 90-degree turn just fine. However, those with larger pieces sometimes had to turn backwards to drag them. Generally, these ants would set of in the correct direction. But if they stayed too long in the backward position, they would miss the correct turn to reach the nest. Interestingly, not ail of the backward-walking ants were that stubborn. Some would drop the food occasionally (偶尔) to check their surroundings. So after turning back to pick up their food, the ants would find themselves back on the nest. Researchers believe the ants were taking advantage of a mix of different information to navigate backwards. This may include local landmarks (地标), the position of the sun, and their position in the environment. To prove this, they used a mirror to make it look like the sun was on the other side of the sky. In that case, the backward ants would turn toward the opposite direction. Barbara Webb, a professor from the University of Edinburgh’s School of Informatics, said the findings could help people make smarter robots in future. “Understanding their behavior gives us new insights into brain function and has inspired us to build robot systems that mimic (模仿) their functions,” she told the BBC. Scientists have been able to copy the neural (神经的) network in the ant’s brain. The hope is to invent robots that can explore by themselves in natural areas such as forests. 1.According to the new study ants ________. A. mainly depend on local landmarks to guide them home B. cannot navigate well when they are carrying food with them C. prefer to travel in groups to avoid being lost on long-distance journeys D. use the sun’s position and visual memories of their surroundings to navigate 2.What can be concluded about the ants in the study? A. They were motivated by food to follow a particular path. B. They were sure to lose their way when making. C. They could not find the correct way back once lost. D. They sometimes got lost if they traveled backwards for too long. 3.What is the article mainly about? A. How scientists test ants’ navigational skills. B. The link between ants’ traveling habits and brain functions. C. Ants’ navigational skills and their possible application. D. Different ways ants carry food pieces of various sizes. 4.What inspiration does the researchers get from their findings? A. Robots can be used to explore the forest. B. Ants’ neural network can be moved into robots. C. Findings help understand humans’ brain function better. D. People can make cleverer robots imitating ants’ brain functions 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津和平第一中学·期中）After her son competed at an international science fair, Lisa Ranney found that the fair could greatly make her son fond of science and know how to learn about science. And then she began encouraging her students to attend it. And after learning about the Society for Science & the Public’s Outreach and Equity Programs, she began promoting science fair participation to underserved students. Lisa was a science and math teacher at a high school in Louisiana. She helped inspire underserved students to conduct science research and helped their projects go into science fairs. But there was no flat way to success. School bus being the only form of transportation, several students were unable to ever stay after school to complete research: Therefore, project research had to be completed during lunch or over the phone. Usually, when it comes to conducting science research and participating in science fairs, purchasing a display board, staying after school, and doing research online are almost always a necessity. But students who don’t have internet access at home or can’t afford to buy supplies, or students whose parents are unable to pick them up from school often miss out. Lisa has made it her goal to help her students overcome barriers like these so that they have the opportunity to participate in science fairs. It has been a success. This year, two of her students, Ruth and Zachary, made it to the final science fair in Pittsburgh. There being a large number of bacteria at beaches throughout Louisiana, Ruth decided to study the causes behind this at a local beach. In her project titled “Using Microbial Indicators to Analyze Water Quality at Cypremort Point Beach”, Ruth explained where the bacteria were coming from. “My teacher gave me the equipment I needed to research, and spared her free time to help me work out ideas for how to design my exhibition to make more readable for the public,” Ruth said. In Zachary’s project, he tested some characteristics of honeys. Although initially he started his project due to a class requirement, he said, “Once I started going, it got the ball moving. I just kept going and I was having fun. It was a great experience.” And he added, “Now the lab has attracted me so much that I begin to want to spend all my spare time in conducting science research and experiments.” 1.Why did Lisa call on her students to participate in science fairs? A. Because of her son’s support. B. Because of the requirement of her school. C. Because of her realization of the fair’s benefits. D. Because of her being a member of a science fair program. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The happiness that Lisa found in her work. B. The support that Lisa gave to her students. C. The success that Lisa achieved in her projects. D. The challenges that Lisa met with in her attempts. 3.What can we learn about Ruth’s project? A. It tells us about the chemicals at the local beach. B. it is a little hard for the public to understand. C. It gets support from her classmates and teacher. D. It has something to do with Louisiana’s environment. 4.Which of the following can best describe Lisa? A. Patient and confident. B. Generous and determined. C. Friendly and strict. D. Careful and humorous. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津和平双菱中学·期中）English words tell a lot of stories. To get back to their origins (起源), linguists (语言学家) use the comparative method (comparing similar words in different languages). English is a West Germanic language from the Indo-European family and many words are interrelated. However, there are some English terms known as “proper words” that are found only in English today and have no known relatives in other languages. Here are three examples: Girl: Since the 14th century, gyrle (now “girl”) was used to mean a child without gender distinction (性别差异). Its origins remain unknown. Some linguists have connected it with the Old English word gierela, meaning garment (衣服), suggesting the term may have changed in meaning from “child’s apron” to “child”. Others believe “girl” is connected to words like “boy”, “lass”, and “lad”, though their origins are unclear. Boy: Who (or what) was originally a “boy”? No one knows. In the13th century, a boy was a servant. A century later, the term started being used to mean a male child. The word doesn’t sound Germanic, but it’s not clear whether it was brought into England by the Normans either. Dog: “Dog” comes from Old English dogs, an uncommon term used in Middle English for a strong dog like the mastiff. In Old English, hund was the common Germanic word until the term docga took its place almost completely in the16th century. Now, “hound” means specifically a hunting dog. So far, nobody has been able to find the origin of docga. Probably the dog it originally described became popular enough to be connected with the idea of “dog” in itself, but this doesn’t explain where the word came from. The origin stories of these “proper words” could teach us a lot about ancient people, how they thought, and how they named the things around them. So, more research is badly needed. 1.What does the underlined word “interrelated” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Created. B. Connected. C. Accepted. D. Improved. 2.What is a possible origin of the word “girl”? A. A name for a baby boy. B. A Germanic word for gyrle. C. A term for a young servant. D. A word meaning garment. 3.What was a possible reason for docga becoming the common word for “dog”? A. The old word hund for “dog” got a bad meaning. B. Linguists chose to use docga as the standard-term. C. People came to love the dogs named docga a lot. D. Docga was easier to spell than other words for “dog”. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The origins of some “proper words” in English. B. The role of “smart” linguists in language study. C. The development of the English language. D. The history of some Old English terms. 主题语境04 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·天津宁河芦台第二中学·期中）Last Friday, at least 5 people were killed by lightning in Nepal. Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 70 people die. That is, more people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes. Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters. "If you hear the thunder, you are in danger from lightning," said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross. "Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any time, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended. The most important thing to remember is to seek shelter (遮蔽物), " Lopes said. Summer is the peak time for lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips: ♦ Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in open fields. ♦ Do not stand under a tree. ♦ Get off bicycle and motorcycles. ♦ Crouch down (蹲下) if there is no shelter. ♦ Avoid open spaces, wire fences, metal objects and electrical objects such as hair driers. 1.In the US, ______ is the most common cause of deaths during natural disasters. A. lightning B. tornadoes C. hurricanes D. floods 2.Of the people who are struck by lightning every year in the US, about ______ people are lucky enough to survive. A. 400 B. 70 C. 330 D. 5 3.If you hear the thunder, the most important thing you should do is to ______. A. stand still in the open spaces B. find shelter to hide in C. stand under the tree D. stop working in the fields 4.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Floods are the most common cause of deaths in the US. B. Less than 70 people are killed by tornadoes and hurricanes each year in the US. C. If you hear the thunder, you should move indoors right away. D. People don't pay as much attention to the danger of hurricanes as that of floods. 5.Which of the following is the best title? A. The Danger of Lightning B. Some Safety Tips against Floods C. How Lightning Happens D. 5 People Killed by Lightning in Nepal 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学·期中）High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said. Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth,” she said. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 60 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child’s physical and mental health. Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. 1.What’s the purpose of Chavis’s experiment? A. To see how many students have smartphones. B. To find out how popular her students are. C. To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly. D. To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely. 2.How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result? A. Shocked. B. Excited. C. Satisfied. D. Frightened. 3.Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge? A. Students are now under great stress. B. Students spend too much money on smartphones. C. Overusing phones cause drops in students’ grades. D. Overusing phones may harm students’ body and mind. 4.What does the underlined word “coincidence” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. 问题 B. 巧合 C. 挑战 D. 优势 5.What might be talked about if the passage is continued? A. How other schools deal with students’ phones. B. Whether the ways to handle phones are effective. C. How some parents deal with their children’s phones. D. Whether students are willing to give up using phones. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区汉沽第一中学·期中）Millions of Englishmen have stopped saying “thank you” and now say “cheers”. Although the average person will say “thank you” nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three of them is more likely to say “cheers” or “ta”. They think “thank you” is out of date. One in 20 now says “nice one” instead, while younger people are more likely to offer a “cool”. “Merci”, “fab” and even “gracias” were also listed as common words to use. Nick Thorogood, managing director of Food Network UK, said, “When it comes to saying ‘thank you’, people will always find the way that works best for them and it’s interesting to see what the act means to different people. A quarter of us choose to say ‘thank you’ through delicious food. Taking the time and effort to say ‘thanks’ is still very important to us.” However, it seems that sometimes displays of good manners are just clear. A huge 70 percent of those questioned admit they will say “thank you” to a person’s face without even meaning it. Half of the people questioned admit it is rubbish to thank those closest to them, because they think their family already know their gratitude. When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people, like SMS (short message service). A thank-you e-mail is also popular, while a quarter turn to social networks to express thanks. A quarter of Englishmen say “thank you” with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake. A third will still send a handwritten thank-you note — but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they bothered to send one. 1.Why do many Englishmen stop using the words “thank you”? A. They are afraid to hurt others. B. They think it out of date. C. They don’t think it necessary. D. They don’t want to express thanks. 2.What can we learn from Nick Thorogood’s words? A. People in Britain say “thank you” much more than before. B. Most people in Britain say “thank you” only at meal time. C. Half of Englishmen say “thank you” through food. D. It’s important to express thanks to other people. 3.What does the underlined word “gratitude” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Manners. B. Courage. C. Appreciation. D. Confidence. 4.Which method of expressing “thank you” is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Shaking hands. B. Baking a cake. C. A thank-you note. D. A thank-you e-mail. 5.In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage? A. Sports. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Advertisement. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学·期中）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy(疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist(心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1.What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A. AI therapy is warmer. B. AI tools are free. C. People feel much pressure. D. DeepSeek is popular. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Mental health care. B. The AI tool. C. The medical standard. D. The government control. 3.What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B. AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C. AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D. AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4.Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A. To give an example of safe AI under rules. B. To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C. To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D. To explain why China needs more therapists. 5.What can we infer from the passage? A. AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B. AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C. AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D. Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学·期中）In one of my favorite studies on the meaning of life, researchers asked a group of students to write about their “true self”. Another group of students were asked to write about their “everyday self” and a third group of students were asked to write about the campus bookstore. After the writing task, the students were then asked to rate their meaning of life. The researchers were interested in how much detail the participants provided in their various essays. Their assumption is that the more detailed description one provides about one’s true self, the more likely one authentically (真实地) connects with that sense of self. Not surprisingly, for those writing about their “everyday self” or about the campus bookstore, the amount of detail didn’t have any connection with their sense of meaning of life. However, when people wrote about their “true self”, the more detailed the essay was, the more the person was exposed to the meaning of life. To live a meaningful life, then, make sure you are in touch with yourself. If you don’t follow your own values and dreams, you are most probably following values set by others. And there is nothing more disappointing in life than living someone else’s dream. As Oscar Wilde put it, it is better to be yourself, as everyone else is already taken. Meaningfulness is about connection. While this means that a major part of the meaningfulness in our lives comes from connecting with others through intimate, caring relationships and through being able to contribute to society and those one cares about, you cannot connect with others unless you are first in touch with yourself. Otherwise it is not you who are connecting to others but just an empty shell. Only by knowing what you are, can you start to authentically connect with others. So, set out to write about your true self and who you believe you really are as a person, what your most important values are, and what you yourself would like to pursue and have in life. Then figure out how you could make that “true self” more the self that is realized in your everyday life and work. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The process of a study. B. The meaning of life. C. Three groups of students. D. A writing task of evaluating life. 2.What’s the finding of the researchers? A. “Everyday self” connects with the campus bookstore. B. More various essays interpret the meaning of life better. C. The participants with detailed essays have a more meaningful life. D. More “true self” description makes one experience the meaning of life better. 3.What does the underlined word “intimate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Personal and private. B. Deep and detailed. C. Close and friendly. D. Quiet and gentle. 4.What can make you truly connect with others? A. Following values and dreams set by others. B. Being the author of your own life. C. Changing “everyday self” into “true self”. D. Being able to contribute to society. 5.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Connect with Life—Dream Is Valued B. Why Not Pursue Goals You Find Useful? C. Be Yourself—Everyone Else Is Taken D. Why Not Build Caring Relationships with Yourself? 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·天津和平双菱中学·期中）We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning． We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else．Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers． Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem．It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor（谣言）． Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone．Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person．That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game．The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it．Then the two written statements are compared．Typically, the original message has changed． That’s what happens in daily life．The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story．Then, too, most people listen imperfectly．And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style．Yet those who hear it think they know． This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts． 1.According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______． A. doing a medical experiment B. solving a math problem C. visiting an exhibition D. doing scientific reasoning 2.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____． A. active learning B. knowledge C. communication D. passive learning 3.The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____． A. a message may be changed when being passed on B. a message should be delivered in different ways C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor 4.What can we infer from the passage? A. Active learning is less important． B. Passive learning may not be reliable． C. Active learning occurs more frequently． D. Passive learning is not found among scholars． / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.D5.B 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.C5.B 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.D4C5.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D5.B Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.A5.C 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.D5.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B5.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D5.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.D5.B Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.B Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.D5.A Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 主题语境04人与自然-灾害防范 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.D5.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 213 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B5.C 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4B 3/3 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·天津第二十中学·期中）Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too. To preserve Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what was the composition of ancient paint or what it was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork. According to their paper published in Science-Advances, grains and yeast (酵母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent (用过已废的) grains and yeast. The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster. Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks. The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth. However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists. They were willing to accept that their work would be preserved for a longer period. The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can “appreciate what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, US, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks. 1.What is the main purpose of the research mentioned in the passage? A. To find out how eggs can help to protect the artworks. B. To study the history of beer and egg consumption in Denmark. C. To explore the benefits of beer and egg consumption for artists. D. To research the composition of ancient paint for protecting Danish paintings. 2.Why were beer by-products used in historic Danish paintings? A. To keep the paintings clean. B. To help the colors stick better. C. To give the painting a different look. D. To make the paintings more colorful. 3.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Kept. B. Shared. C. Controlled. D. Discovered. 4.How did yolk’s proteins help preserve artworks? A. By adding color to the paint. B. By making the paint dry faster. C. By wrinkling the paint with oil. D. By slowing down the oxidation of the paint. 5.According to Ken Sutherland, the research like this provides . A. preservation techniques for paintings B. deeper understanding of the artworks C. more appreciation for artists’ materials D. insights into the history of art materials 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。啤酒和鸡蛋在厨房里很常见，科学家通过研究发现它们也被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To preserve Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what was the composition of ancient paint or what it was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork.(为了保存丹麦绘画，一组研究人员研究了古代绘画的成分或它是由什么制成的。他们在已经从原作上剪下来的小块画上做实验。)”可知，为了保存丹麦绘画研究人员研究了古代绘画的成分或它是由什么制成的；由此可知，这项研究的目的是研究古代绘画颜料的成分以保护丹麦绘画。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a ‘glue’ because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster.(研究人员还指出，啤酒副产品被用作‘胶水’是因为它含有大量的糖。加入啤酒后，颜料也能干得更快。)”可知，在丹麦的历史绘画中啤酒副产品起到“胶水”的作用，让颜料粘得更牢，此外加入啤酒后，颜料也能干得更快。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第六段“The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth.(研究人员通过在油画颜料中加入蛋黄，重现了这种古老的颜料。然后他们研究了它是如何随时间变化的。研究结果表明，蛋黄中的蛋白质有助于减缓颜料的氧化和减少褶皱，因为鸡蛋使颜料更光滑。)”以及第七段中“However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists. They were willing to accept that their work would be preserved for a longer period.(然而，加入鸡蛋的油画颜料通常需要更长的时间才能干透。这对艺术家来说似乎还不错。他们愿意接受他们的作品将被保存更长的时间。)”可知，研究人员发现蛋黄中的蛋白质有助于减缓颜料的氧化和减少褶皱，加入鸡蛋的油画颜料通常需要更长的时间才能干透，让作品能够保存更长时间；由此可知，研究人员发现颜料中添加鸡蛋如何帮助保存画作，划线词所在句“A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks.(最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究可能已经‘cracked’了鸡蛋如何帮助保存艺术品的秘密。)”表达的意思是：最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究可能已经破解了鸡蛋如何帮助保存艺术品的秘密；划线单词cracked为“破解，发现”的意思，与D项Discovered“发现”意思一致。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段中“The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth.(研究结果表明，蛋黄中的蛋白质有助于减缓颜料的氧化和减少褶皱，因为鸡蛋使颜料更光滑。)”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质通过减缓颜料的氧化来帮助保存艺术品。故选D。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks.(Sutherland补充说，这样的研究可以帮助人们更深入地了解这些艺术品。)”可知，Ken Sutherland认为这样的研究可以帮助人们更深入地了解这些艺术品。故选B。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Which statement (陈述) do you prefer? Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure, we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s probably struggling to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time for you to move a step to a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, statistics (数据) show that our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be and it seems we are much stricter with ourselves. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to strengthening the confidence and changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat (击败) a passive self-image and stay confident is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts (怀疑) to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you are usually too strict with yourself or too stubborn and can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves (袖子) and make a change of it as your primary (主要的) task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, go straight to a shop to buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true. The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far too subjective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and the style of doing things and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Never submit to your negative self-image Good luck! 1.You need to build a positive self-image when you ________. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 2.According to the passage, our self-images ________. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 3.How should you change your self-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 5.Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了如何建立积极的自我形象，并提供了具体的方法和建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time for you to move a step to a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.(如果你发现相信自己是一种挑战，那么是时候迈出一步，建立积极的自我形象并学会爱自己了)”可知，当你对自己不自信时，需要建立积极的自我形象。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Interestingly, statistics show that our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be and it seems we are much stricter with ourselves.(有趣的是，数据显示我们的自我形象通常与他人对我们的看法大相径庭。不幸的是，这些形象大多比应有的更为消极，似乎我们对自己更严格)”可推知，我们的自我形象很可能是不真实的。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to strengthening the confidence and changing your self-image and your whole world.(因此，改变你对自己的看法是增强信心、改变自我形象和整个世界的关键)”可知，应该通过改变思维方式来改变自我形象。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“it is time for you to move a step to a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.(是时候迈出一步，建立积极的自我形象并学会爱自己了)”、第三段首句“The best way to defeat (击败) a passive self-image and stay confident is to step back and decide to stress your successes.(战胜消极的自我形象并保持自信的最好方法是退后一步，决定强调你的成功)”以及第五段首句“The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far too subjective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. (摆脱消极自我形象的最好方法是意识到你的形象太过主观，并积极地说服自己相信自己的积极品质)”可知，全文围绕如何建立积极自我形象这一主题展开，并提供了具体方法。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是第四段中针对的具体问题，如“If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, go straight to a shop to buy a few new clothes.(如果你觉得自己数学不好很傻，那就找个家教。如果你觉得自己跑不了一英里就很弱，那就去跑道上练习吧。如果你觉得自己很沉闷，因为你不穿最新流行的衣服，那就直接去商店买几件新衣服)”，这些都是青少年时期常见的学业、能力和外貌方面的困惑。由此推知，文章的目标读者是青少年。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津经济技术开发区第一中学·期中）There’s a whole lot of things that people fill their stomachs with. Some of them keep people alive. Some of them taste good to people. Some of them help people win pie-eating contests. Alcohol does none of those things. Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs? There are all kinds of alcohol molecules (分子)，but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol (乙醇)．Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it’s not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. Because ethanol, to a certain extent, can pass through cell membranes (膜). It can go almost anywhere. It spreads through the muscles, and is sweated — unmetabolized (未经新陈代新的) and whole — through the skin. It gets into the heart. It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers. Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body. Enough alcohol makes people sleep, so people who become unconscious choke on their own vomit (呕吐物). Most worryingly, enough alcohol can shut down those parts of the brain just like any other parts. People become unconscious and their brains simply forget to breathe. Alcohol is broken down in the liver. Alcohol doesn’t destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage. A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that’s needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person’s brain. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By statement. B. By question. C. By arguing. D. By explaining. 2.Why can Alcohol reach the brain? A. Because it can move through water molecules in the blood. B. Because it is small enough to get through any narrow space. C. Because it is so light that the bloodstream can transport it. D. Because it is absorbed only by the cells in the stomach. 3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Alcohol affects the work of the nerves. B. Alcohol has an effect on people’s breath. C. People are drunk when their brains get drunk. D. Drinking too much is quite dangerous. 4.From the passage, we can know ________. A. many people like a drink when they feel relaxed B. enough alcohol can control the brain activities C. alcohol damage the liver indirectly D. proper alcohol may lead to better sleep 5.What suggestion does the author give on drinking alcohol? A. Controlling the time of drinking. B. Controlling the amount of drinking. C. Choosing the kind of drink. D. Choosing the place of drinking. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了酒精是如何进入人的大脑的、过度饮酒的危害以及建议大家要控制饮酒量。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs?(为什么人们总是喝它?它到达它们的胃后会做什么?)”可推断，本文作者是通过提问的方式来介绍文章的主题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it’s not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream.…It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers.(乙醇非常小，能溶于水，所以它会进入各种不该进入的地方。酒精会进入消化系统。因为它溶于水，所以它可以进入血液中的水。……它甚至会穿过大脑，这就是它力量的秘密。)”可推知，酒精会到达大脑是因为它可以通过血液中的水分子移动。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body.(酒精会抑制神经，而神经会影响到身体的每一个部位。)”可知，第三段主要讲述的是酒精的危害。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Alcohol doesn’t destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage.(酒精不会破坏肝脏，但肝脏将酒精分解成的产品确实会造成损害。)”可知，酒精间接损害肝脏。故选C。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that’s needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person’s brain.(每天喝一杯酒不会有什么坏处。相反，它可以预防心脏病发作，或者让人变得年轻。有时候，知道放松和欢乐可以装在瓶中是一种很好的感觉。所需要做的就是注意进入大脑的酒精量。)”可知，作者建议大家控制饮酒量。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区田家炳中学·期中）Some words are used to describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend too much time sitting or lying down while watching television is sometimes called a couch potato. A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on. Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term (词语；术语) in 1976. Years later, he listed it as a trademark (商标) with the American government. He also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called “The Official Couch Potato Handbook”. Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just as mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the thing that we use to move the pointer on a computer screen. The term became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers. Too much time inside the house can cause someone to get cabin fever which isn’t really a disease. However, people can become bored if they spend too much time inside their homes. This especially happens during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside and even offices and stores are closed. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. Some people enjoy spending a lot of time in their homes to make them nice places to live in. This is called nesting or cocooning. Birds build nests to hold their eggs and baby birds. Some insects (昆虫) build cocoons around themselves for protection. Nests and cocoons provide safety for wildlife. So people like the idea of nests and cocoons, too. The terms became popular over 20 years ago. They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then have children. When these children are grown and have left the nest, these parents will live alone in their empty nest and become empty nesters. 1.The terms introduced in the passage are mainly connected with ____ . A. habits B. hobbies C. life D. time 2.According to the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning with the word “couch”? A. bed B. box C. sofa D. desk 3.A special book was once written on the term ______. A. couch potato B. mouse potato C. cabin fever D. empty nesters 4.When we hear someone say “The boy has got cabin fever”, we know that the boy is feeling_____. A. happy B. sick C. cold D. bored 5.According to the passage, What’s the meaning of empty nesters in Chinese? A. 空鸟笼 B. 空巢老人 C. 空鸟巢 D. 忙碌的筑巢者 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与人们如何度过时间相关的几个术语，并对这些术语的定义、起源、流行情况以及相关的社会现象进行了说明和解释。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some words are used to describe how a person spends his or her time.(有些词语是用来描述一个人如何度过时间的。)”以及下文围绕这一主题展开，分别介绍了“couch potato (电视迷)”、“mouse potato(电脑迷)”、“cabin fever(幽居病)”以及“nesting/cocooning(筑巢/茧居)”等与人们如何度过时间相关的术语。因此，文章介绍的术语主要与“时间”有关。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on.(“couch”是一种人们用来坐的家具。)”可知，“couch”是一种人们可以坐在上面的家具。选项C“sofa”意为“沙发”也是一种供人坐的家具。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called “The Official Couch Potato Handbook.”(他还参与撰写了一本有趣的书，讲述了作为全职电视迷的生活。这本书名为《官方沙发土豆手册》。)”可知，，有一本名为《官方沙发土豆手册》的书是关于“couch potato” 这一术语的，是写全职电视迷的生活。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Too much time inside the house can cause someone to get cabin fever which isn’t really a disease. However, people can become bored if they spend too much time inside their homes. This especially happens during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside and even offices and stores are closed. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. (长时间待在室内可能会让人患上“幽居病”，不过这实际上并不是一种真正的疾病。然而，如果人们在室内待的时间过长，就会感到厌烦。这种情况尤其容易发生在冬天，因为天气太冷或者下雪，无法在室外活动，甚至连办公室和商店都关门了。如果孩子们不能到外面去玩，他们常常会患上“幽居病”。他们的父母也是如此。)”可知，“cabin fever”指的是因为长时间待在室内而感到厌烦、烦躁的状态。当我们听到有人说“The boy has got cabin fever”时，意思就是这个男孩因为长时间待在室内等原因而感到无聊、厌烦。故选D。 (5)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then have children. When these children are grown and have left the nest, these parents will live alone in their empty nest and become empty nesters.(它们用来形容那些购买了自己的第一套房子，然后往家里添置很多东西的人。这些人随后有了孩子。当这些孩子长大成人离开家后，这些父母就会独自生活在空荡荡的家里，成为“empty nesters”。)”可知，“empty nesters”指的是孩子离开家后独自生活的父母，对应的中文意思就是“空巢老人”。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·天津北辰第四十七中学·期中）You may have been told to dress warmly before going outside in the winter; otherwise, you’ll “catch a cold”. But are you actually more likely to catch a cold when it’s freezing outside? Put simply, yes: The occurrence of respiratory (呼吸道的) infections, such as the common cold, rises in temperate regions (温带地区) during the winter. During the winter, we typically spend more time indoors, meaning we’re spending more time closer to other people, potentially in places with poor air ventilation (通风), which makes viruses more likely to spread within the population. But beyond these behavioral changes, scientists have shown that there are other reasons that explain why we get more colds in winter. Epithelial cells (上皮细胞) that line the nose are the first barrier against viruses breathed in from the air. Normally, in response to viral infection, these cells increase a secretion (分泌物) — called extracellular vesicles — which can help clear viruses before they can enter the rest of the body. These vesicles also contain miRNAs that prevent viruses from making copies of their genetic material. However, in colder weather, when the temperature inside the nose drops from 98.6 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度), the system fails and respiratory viruses effectively double their capacity to reproduce. These findings imply that wearing facial coverings, such as masks, may be beneficial for two main reasons. Firstly, masks lower the amount of virus that can enter the nose, and secondly, they maintain warm air in front of the face which helps keep epithelial cells working their best. Another thing that can affect how the body responds to viruses in the winter is humidity (the amount of water in the air), as the air inside our homes tends to be drier than usual. In a study published in 2019, researchers found that when mice live in dry air conditions — between 10% and 20% relative humidity — their ability to fight cold infections declines, compared with mice living in 50% relative humidity. That’s because, in dry conditions, protective cells within the respiratory system also secrete fewer chemicals that can help prevent viruses from re-producing. Thus, it’s advised to keep the relative humidity level between 40% and 60% indoors. 1.What is the behavioral factor behind people’s catching a cold in winter? A. Their preference for gathering inside. B. Their improper habit of layering up. C. Their frequent ventilation. D. Their insufficient exercise. 2.What do we know about epithelial cells? A. They help control a runny nose. B. They become inactive in the cold. C. They reproduce quickly in the cold. D. They help reduce secretions in the nose. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The process of catching a cold. B. The role of masks in preventing colds. C. How to choose suitable face coverings. D. How to keep warm in the freezing cold. 4.What did the study from 2019 reveal? A. Proper humidity boosts cold resistance. B. Viruses survive briefly in dry conditions. C. Indoor temperatures decide air humidity. D. Respiratory systems increase secretions in dry air. 5.The author writes the text to ______. A. introduce the best cure for colds B. recognize different cold viruses C. help people prevent colds in winter D. familiarize people with the impacts of winter 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了冬季人们更容易感冒的原因，并给出了一些预防感冒的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“During the winter, we typically spend more time indoors, meaning we’re spending more time closer to other people, potentially in places with poor air ventilation (通风), which makes viruses more likely to spread within the population.(在冬天，我们通常会花更多的时间在室内，这意味着我们会花更多的时间与其他人更接近，可能在通风不良的地方，这使得病毒更有可能在人群中传播。)”可知，人们在冬天感冒的行为因素是他们喜欢在室内聚集。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Epithelial cells (上皮细胞) that line the nose are the first barrier against viruses breathed in from the air. Normally, in response to viral infection, these cells increase a secretion (分泌物) — called extracellular vesicles — which can help clear viruses before they can enter the rest of the body. These vesicles also contain miRNAs that prevent viruses from making copies of their genetic material. However, in colder weather, when the temperature inside the nose drops from 98.6 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度), the system fails and respiratory viruses effectively double their capacity to reproduce.(鼻腔内的上皮细胞是抵御空气中吸入病毒的第一道屏障。通常情况下，为应对病毒感染，这些细胞会增加一种名为细胞外囊泡的分泌物，这种分泌物能在病毒侵入身体其他部位之前帮助清除它们。这些囊泡还含有微小核糖核酸（miRNAs），可阻止病毒复制其遗传物质。然而，在寒冷的天气里，当鼻子内部的温度从98.6华氏度降至89.6华氏度时，这个系统就会失效，呼吸道病毒繁殖的能力就会加倍。)”可知，在寒冷的天气里，鼻子内部的温度降低，这个系统就会失效，呼吸道病毒繁殖的能力就会加倍，也就是说上皮细胞在寒冷中变得不活跃。故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“These findings imply that wearing facial coverings, such as masks, may be beneficial for two main reasons.(这些发现表明，戴口罩等面部覆盖物可能有两个主要原因是有益的。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是口罩在预防感冒中的作用。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That’s because, in dry conditions, protective cells within the respiratory system also secrete fewer chemicals that can help prevent viruses from re-producing.(这是因为在干燥条件下，呼吸系统内的保护细胞也会分泌较少的化学物质，这些化学物质可以帮助防止病毒再繁殖。)”和“Thus, it’s advised to keep the relative humidity level between 40% and 60% indoors.(因此，建议室内相对湿度保持在40%至60%之间。)”可知，2019年的研究揭示了适当的湿度可以提高抗感冒能力。故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“But beyond these behavioral changes, scientists have shown that there are other reasons that explain why we get more colds in winter.(但除了这些行为变化之外，科学家们还表明，还有其他原因可以解释为什么我们在冬天更容易感冒。)”可知，这句话引出了文章的主题，即冬天更容易感冒的原因，接着文章介绍了冬天更容易感冒的原因，并给出了一些预防感冒的建议，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助人们在冬天预防感冒。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津东丽一百中学·期中）Monarch butterflies have amazed the world with their annual migration south from the United States and Canada to California and Mexico. But habitat loss endangers the future of not just the butterflies, but other pollinators (传花粉者) necessary for the nation’s ecosystems. “We have to do something now, before it’s too late,” said Ethan Walsh, a senior philosophy student at California State University, Northridge. Ethan and his mother, Christina Walsh are working closely with the Chumash tribe (部落) to restore (恢复) and improve habitats for monarch butterflies and other pollinators. They are planting milkweed and other pollinator-friendly plants at three sites on 210 acres of the Chumash ancestral lands. As a result, about 140 acres of habitat have been improved. “Creating space for pollinators on ancestral land helps meet the migratory needs of the monarch butterflies and habitat needs of other native pollinators,” Ethan said. The restoration efforts center around native milkweed, the only plant monarch butterflies will eat. Native milkweed has been rapidly disappearing for a number of reasons. Ethan and his mother have spent years collecting the seeds (种子) of milkweed plants native to the area. The Walshes have collected 2 pounds of native milkweed seeds so far, and they aim to collect 7 pounds in total. They are planting these seeds along with other pollinator-friendly plants: The goal is to make sure there is enough milkweed for monarch butterflies to eat on their journey. The project also includes setting up a teaching and demonstration site at the Chumash information center, so visitors can learn about habitat restoration efforts and perhaps learn some lessons and apply them in their own communities. “We don’t want what we are doing to be kept a secret,” Ethan said. “We and the Chumash tribal leaders want to share so that others can learn from what we’re doing.” 1.What is one problem for monarch butterflies? A. Habitats are getting smaller. B. Air pollution is getting worse. C. Temperatures are getting higher. D. Competition among butterflies is increasing. 2.What other plants are included in the Walshes’ planting efforts besides native milkweed seeds? A. Native trees. B. Plants that are good for pollinators. C. Edible flowers. D. Plants that provide shade for birds. 3.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 mean? A. The Walshes need to find new partners. B. The Walshes’ work has had some success. C. The Chumash tribe’s lands are being gradually destroyed. D. The Chumash tribe has a long history of raising monarch butterflies. 4.Why do the Walshes try to grow native milkweed? A. To study the reasons for the migration of monarch butterflies. B. To change the eating habits of monarch butterflies. C. To help monarch butterflies shorten their journey. D. To provide enough food for monarch butterflies. 5.What can the teaching and demonstration site do? A. It can teach people how to migrate properly. B. It can help change people’s view of monarch butterflies. C. It can provide a window into the Chumash tribe’s culture. D. It can provide others with a practical example of habitat restoration. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. D　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Ethan Walsh和他的母亲Christina Walsh与丘马什部落合作，通过种植原生乳草和其他对传粉者友好的植物，恢复和改善帝王蝶及其他传粉者栖息地的项目，同时该项目还设有教学示范场地，旨在分享栖息地恢复经验。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“But habitat loss endangers the future of not just the butterflies, but other pollinators (传花粉者) necessary for the nation’s ecosystems.(但是栖息地的丧失不仅危及蝴蝶的未来，也危及该国生态系统所必需的其他传粉者的未来。)”可知，帝王蝶面临的问题之一是栖息地正在减少。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段“They are planting these seeds along with other pollinator-friendly plants(他们正在种植这些种子以及其他传粉者友好植物)”可知，除了本土乳草种子外，Walsh一家还种植了其他对传粉者有益的植物。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“They are planting milkweed and other pollinator-friendly plants at three sites on 210 acres of the Chumash ancestral lands. As a result, about 140 acres of habitat have been improved. (他们在Chumash祖先土地上的三个地点种植乳草和其他传粉者友好植物。结果，大约140英亩的栖息地得到了改善。)”可知，这些数字表明Walsh一家的工作已经取得了一些成功。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The restoration efforts center around native milkweed, the only plant monarch butterflies will eat. (恢复工作的重点是本土乳草，这是帝王蝶唯一食用的植物。)”以及第六段“The goal is to make sure there is enough milkweed for monarch butterflies to eat on their journey. (目标是确保帝王蝶在迁徙途中有足够的乳草可吃。)”可知，Walsh一家试图种植本土乳草是为了给帝王蝶提供足够的食物。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The project also includes setting up a teaching and demonstration site at the Chumash information center, so visitors can learn about habitat restoration efforts and perhaps learn some lessons and apply them in their own communities. (该项目还包括在Chumash信息中心设立一个教学和示范点，以便游客可以了解栖息地恢复工作，并可能学到一些经验教训，并在自己的社区中应用。)”可知，教学示范点可以为其他人提供一个栖息地恢复的实践范例。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津北辰第四十七中学·期中）Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes caused the death of about 450 people between 2006 and 2021. Less lightning means fewer losses in human life, and that’s why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning protection. Currently, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground. But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings, such as airports, are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods. One idea is to use lasers (激光) to guide lightning, which is not novel. Scientists have been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory. But scientists hadn’t been able to guide lightning with lasers outside until the summer of 2021. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning strikes for 164 feet. The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge (电荷). The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod. That the scientists managed to experiment with the laser in an outdoor environment is a very big step. Despite the progress, the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance. Lasers are also very expensive. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings. 1.What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A. To encourage readers to use lightning rods. B. To call on readers to protect the environment. C. To explain the importance of preventing lightning. D. To remind readers to stay safe during lightning storms. 2.What is the disadvantage of lightning rods? A. Their short service life. B. Their limited coverage. C. Their expensive material. D. Their low speed of guiding electricity. 3.What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. New. B. Effective. C. Confusing. D. Costly. 4.What did the scientists use the laser for? A. Reducing the heat of lightning. B. Changing the path of lightning. C. Slowing down the speed of lightning. D. Protecting the lightning rod from damage. 5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The laser works better in a lab. B. The technology has yet to be perfected. C. The research result will soon benefit humans. D. The scientists think poorly of the lightning rod. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. B　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍闪电的危害、传统避雷针的局限性，以及激光引导闪电技术的研究进展与现存问题。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes caused the death of about 450 people between 2006 and 2021. Less lightning means fewer losses in human life, and that’s why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning protection.(闪电的威力极大，会在地面造成严重后果。雷击可能引发火灾、摧毁建筑物，甚至导致人员死亡。每年，闪电造成的损失高达数十亿美元。在美国，2006年至2021年间，雷击导致约450人死亡。闪电出现的次数越少，生命损失就越少，这也是科学家们一直在研究相关技术以改进防雷措施的原因。)”可知，作者通过阐述闪电的巨大危害（引发火灾、摧毁建筑、导致人员死亡、造成巨额损失），引出防雷技术研究的必要性，其目的是解释防雷的重要性。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings, such as airports, are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods.(但避雷针只能保护一小块区域。如果建筑物很大，就需要很多避雷针。但有些建筑，比如机场，规模如此之大，以至于很难用避雷针保护整个建筑。)”可知，避雷针的缺点是覆盖范围有限。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But scientists hadn’t been able to guide lightning with lasers outside until the summer of 2021. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning strikes for 164 feet. Scientists have been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory.(但直到2021年夏天，科学家们才得以在户外用激光引导闪电。瑞士科学家使用了一款每秒可发射约1000次的高能激光，成功将雷击引导了164英尺。科学家们已经研究了20多年，并在实验室里成功用激光引导了闪电。)”可知，“用激光引导闪电”这一想法并非新出现的，因此“novel”意为“新的”。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge. The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod.(激光产生的热量会形成一条空气通道，这条通道的空气密度比周围的小。这条通道还带有特殊电荷。闪电可以沿着这条通道移动，就像沿着避雷针一样。)”可知，科学家使用激光是为了创造一条新的通道，从而改变闪电的路径。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite the progress, the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance. Lasers are also very expensive. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings.(尽管已取得进展，但这种激光引导闪电的距离仍未达到科学家们的预期。要保护建筑物免受大多数闪电的侵袭，激光必须能引导闪电传播更远的距离。此外，激光的成本也非常高昂。这类激光要真正能够保护大型建筑物，可能还需要10年甚至更久的时间。)”可推知，激光引导闪电技术目前仍存在不足（引导距离不够、成本高），尚未完善。故选B项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Nightmares (噩梦) are terrible dreams that make the sleeper frightened and threatened. Sometimes the person is so scared that he may wake up from his sleep. When the person wakes up he may be sweating (出汗) and develops a heart-in-throat feeling. He may be able to remember the nightmare and what frightened him the most. Once the person realizes it was just a dream and that he is safe and sound, he may calm down and fall asleep. The bogeyman is the most common cause of nightmares in children. Joking apart, there are many other causes of nightmares in children. It is a normal part of their growing years and children tend to develop fear of things they do not understand. As monsters are the first one to make children get nightmares, other things, such as insects, which are unknown to them may also cause fear in the innocent mind. Doctors have found that some circumstances can also cause nightmares in children, for example: fear of new school, watching too many horror movies, etc. Teens suffer from different types of nightmares. Adolescence is an age when all things around are in the wrong order but need to be solved, so teens are burdened with many issues that they are not mature enough to understand. Confusion, adolescence, school pressure and irregular lifestyle may lead to nightmares in teenagers. There are different causes of nightmares in adults. It can be due to a physical illness or mental stress. Studies have found men and women suffer from different kinds of nightmares. Men are more likely to dream about being fired from their job or a violent situation. Women would have nightmares about death of a loved one, losing their hair, or becoming unattractive. Men and women both dream of failing in exams even if they are not students any more. Some scientists believe nightmares, like dreams, are the way the mind works out the conflicts that it has not resolved in the wakeful hours. Some people believe nightmares are a sign of things to come, but there is no scientific evidence. 1.According to the passage, a person waking up from a nightmare ________. A. will get a dry throat B. can remember the dream clearly C. can no more fall asleep D. will go to sleep again 2.What does the underlined word “bogeyman” mean? A. A person that children fear most. B. An animal appearing in horror films. C. An imaginary monster used to frighten children. D. A kind of mental stress causing nightmares in children. 3.The third paragraph mainly tells us ________. A. causes of nightmares in teenagers B. different types of nightmares of teens C. that adolescence is an age of confusion D. that teenagers have lots of things to deal with 4.According to the text, which group may mind their appearance most? A. Children. B. Old people. C. Men. D. Women. 5.Scientists may have to research into ________. A. other causes of nightmares B. whether the physical state causes nightmares C. if nightmares show the truth of the future D. how dreams work out conflicts unsolved in the day time 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了噩梦的定义、不同年龄段人群做噩梦的原因，以及科学界对噩梦的一些看法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Once the person realizes it was just a dream and that he is safe and sound, he may calm down and fall asleep.(一旦这个人意识到这只是一场梦，并且他安然无恙，他可能会冷静下来再次入睡)”可知，从噩梦中醒来的人最终可能会再次入睡。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The bogeyman is the most common cause of nightmares in children.(bogeyman是儿童做噩梦最常见的原因)”及“As monsters are the first one to make children get nightmares(正如怪物是第一个让孩子们做噩梦的东西)”可推知，“bogeyman”应属于“monsters(怪物)”范畴，且针对儿童。C项“An imaginary monster used to frighten children(用来吓唬孩子的虚构怪物)”符合语境。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Confusion, adolescence, school pressure and irregular lifestyle may lead to nightmares in teenagers.(困惑、青春期、学业压力和不规律的生活方式可能导致青少年做噩梦)”可知，本段主要告诉我们青少年做噩梦的原因。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Women would have nightmares about death of a loved one, losing their hair, or becoming unattractive.(女性会做关于亲人去世、掉头发或变得没有吸引力的噩梦)”可知，女性群体可能最在意自己的外表。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some people believe nightmares are a sign of things to come, but there is no scientific evidence.(有些人认为噩梦是即将发生的事情的征兆，但这并没有科学依据)”可知，“噩梦是否能预示未来”这一观点缺乏科学证据，因此科学家可能需要对此进行研究。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津第五十五中学·期中）Lisa is a good example of a student in shock. She is an attractive, intelligent twenty-year-old college junior at a state university. She was a straight-A student in high school and a member of basketball and volleyball teams there. Now, only three years later, Lisa is miserable. She has changed her major four times and is forced to hold down two part-time jobs in order to pay her tuition. She suffers from sleeping and eating disorders and has no close friends. Sometimes she bursts out crying for no apparent (明显的) reasons. What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, about one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from symptoms (症状) of depression. Of that group, almost half will experience depression intense (强烈的) enough to call for professional help. But many reject that idea, because they don’t want people to think there’s something wrong with them. There are three reasons why today’s students are suffering more than in earlier generations. First is a weakening family support structure. Today, with high divorce rates and many parents experiencing their own psychological difficulties, the traditional family is not always available for guidance and support. Another problem is financial pressure. In the last decade, tuition costs (学费支出) have skyrocketed-up about sixty-six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private schools. At the same time there has been a cutback in federal aid to students. College loans are now much harder to obtain. Consequently, most students must work at their part time. A final cause of student shock is the large selection of majors available. Because of the multitude (众多) and difficulty of choosing a major (专业), college can prove a time of great indecision. Many students switch majors. As a result, it is becoming common place to take five or six years to get a degree. It can be depressing for students to be faced with the added tuition costs. 1.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Going to college is a depressing experience for many students. B. Lisa has not enjoyed college because her life has been filled with stress. C. Stress-related problems are increasing on college campuses D. Colleges should increase their counseling services 2.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of paragraph 2? A. Lisa is experiencing difficult emotional problems. B. Lisa cannot decide on a major. C. Lisa feels she has lost all her good friends. D. Lisa cries: frequently. 3.The author implies that some students who suffer from extreme depression ________. A. should drop out of college B. have never done well in school C. can always handle it on their own D. are unwilling to get professional help 4.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Students may not get enough family support. B. Students don’t have enough money to support themselves. C. It is difficult for students to choose their majors nowadays. D. Students suffer from poor diets. 5.The author supports his point that college life has become more difficult for students with ________. A. quotation (引用) from experts B. statistics (数据) and reasons C. research reports D. personal experiences 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以学生Lisa的困境为例，揭示了当今大学校园中与压力相关的问题日益增多的现象，并从家庭支持弱化、经济压力增大、专业选择困难三个方面分析了背后的原因，同时提及部分学生因不愿被视为“有问题”而拒绝专业帮助的现状。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以Lisa的案例引出大学生面临的心理困境，随后通过数据说明约四分之一的学生有抑郁症状，近一半需要专业帮助，接着分析了三大核心原因，核心主旨是“大学校园中与压力相关的问题正在增多”。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, about one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from symptoms (症状) of depression. Of that group, almost half will experience depression intense (强烈的) enough to call for professional help. But many reject that idea, because they don’t want people to think there’s something wrong with them. (发生在Lisa身上的事，每年也会发生在数百万大学生身上。因此，在任何时候，大约四分之一的学生都会出现抑郁症状。在这一群体中，几乎有一半人会经历严重到需要专业帮助的抑郁。但许多人拒绝接受这个建议，因为他们不希望人们认为自己有什么问题。)”可知，该段主要描述Lisa面临的各种情绪困扰，核心是“Lisa正在经历严重的情绪问题”。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“As a result, about one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from symptoms (症状) of depression. Of that group, almost half will experience depression intense (强烈的) enough to call for professional help. But many reject that idea, because they don’t want people to think there’s something wrong with them. (因此，在任何时候，大约四分之一的学生都会出现抑郁症状。在这一群体中，几乎有一半人会经历严重到需要专业帮助的抑郁。但许多人拒绝接受这个建议，因为他们不希望人们认为自己有什么问题。)”可知，部分患有严重抑郁的学生“不愿寻求专业帮助”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“First is a weakening family support structure. Today, with high divorce rates and many parents experiencing their own psychological difficulties, the traditional family is not always available for guidance and support. Another problem is financial pressure. In the last decade, tuition costs (学费支出) have skyrocketed - up about sixty - six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private schools. At the same time there has been a cutback in federal aid to students. College loans are now much harder to obtain. Consequently, most students must work at their part time. (首先是家庭支持结构的弱化。如今，随着离婚率居高不下，许多父母自身也面临心理问题，传统家庭并非总能提供指导和支持。另一个问题是经济压力。在过去十年里，学费支出飙升 —— 公立大学上涨了约66%，私立学校上涨了90%。与此同时，联邦对学生的援助也有所削减。现在更难获得大学贷款了。因此，大多数学生不得不做兼职工作。)”以及第四段中“A final cause of student shock is the large selection of majors available. Because of the multitude (众多) and difficulty of choosing a major (专业), college can prove a time of great indecision. Many students switch majors. (导致学生感到迷茫的最后一个原因是可供选择的专业数量众多。由于专业选择范围广且选择起来有难度，大学可能会成为一个让人犹豫不决的时期。很多学生都会转专业。)”可知，学生可能得不到足够的家庭支持、学生没有足够的钱养活自己、如今学生很难选择自己的专业，与文中表述一致，但文中并未提及学生饮食不良。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“As a result, about one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from symptoms (症状) of depression. Of that group, almost half will experience depression intense (强烈的) enough to call for professional help. (因此，在任何时候，大约四分之一的学生都会出现抑郁症状。在这一群体中，几乎有一半人会经历严重到需要专业帮助的抑郁。)”可知，作者使用了数据支撑观点；同时，第三、四段分别从家庭、经济、专业选择三个方面分析原因，因此作者通过“数据和原因”来支持“大学生活对学生来说变得更困难”这一观点。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·天津二十一中学·期中）“Look how stupid he is!” A 7-year-old said to her dad Daniel Funke, pointing to a picture of a famous person on the Internet. The photo showed the man signing his name—with his pen turned upside down. Of course, the photo was not the original one. It had been changed to look like him using the pen the wrong way. Funke quickly pointed out the mistake, and his daughter got an on-the-spot education in fake (假的) news. By then, however, many people had already shared it on social media. “The pitfalls of sharing misinformation and fake news can be very serious,” says Laeeq Khan, who heads the Social Media Analytics Lab at Ohio University in Athens. Sharing something that’s not true can cost people their lives, he notes. Last year, people in India used a messaging app, WhatsApp, to spread fake stories about a kidnapping ring(绑架团伙). The lies caused violent attacks in which people died. Fake news stories hurt people in other ways, too. For example, fake reports lead some parents to refuse vaccines(疫苗) for their children. Yet without vaccines, children can get deadly diseases. Fake news can even hurt people who aren’t its target(目标). “About seven in ten Americans were telling us that fake news has a big influence on the confidence in our government,” says Jeffrey Gottfried. He’s a journalism and media-research expert at Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C.. Researchers there did a survey in the United States about the influence of made-up news. About half the people in the survey said they had shared misinformation online. Most of them said they didn’t realize it at the time. Besides causing serious results, sharing a fake story makes it harder for people to tell what’s real. And when people find out a story is not real, they may not trust other information from a person who spread it. Therefore, it’s important to do fact-checking before sharing news stories. 1.What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A. To bring up the topic of the text. B. To tell an interesting news story. C. To provide the main idea of the text. D. To list people’s popular online behavior. 2.What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Mistakes. B. Problems. C. Advantages. D. Possibilities 3.What will probably be discussed if the text is continued? A. The ways to check whether a news story is real. B. What people should do when they discover fake news. C. What makes it hard for people to spot misinformation. D. The reasons why we should think twice before sharing news. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The causes of fake news. B. The bad effects of fake news. C. The person of making fake news. D. The process of making fake news. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了假新闻的危害以及其带来的严重后果。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段““Look how stupid he is!” A 7-year-old said to her dad Daniel Funke, pointing to a picture of a famous person on the Internet. The photo showed the man signing his name—with his pen turned upside down.(“你看他多傻呀！”一个7岁的小女孩指着网上一张名人的照片，对爸爸丹尼尔・芬克说道。照片里，这位名人正在签名——但他的笔拿倒了。)”和第二段“Of course, the photo was not the original one. It had been changed to look like him using the pen the wrong way. Funke quickly pointed out the mistake, and his daughter got an on-the-spot education in fake (假的) news. By then, however, many people had already shared it on social media.( 当然，这张照片并非原图。它是经过修改的，刻意让他看起来用错了笔的握法。芬克很快指出了这个破绽，女儿也当场上了一堂关于假新闻的课。然而，彼时这张照片早已被许多人在社交媒体上转发了。)”可知，这两段通过一个具体事例引出了假新闻的话题，所以前两段的目的是引出文章的主题。故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据下文“Sharing something that’s not true can cost people their lives, he notes.(他指出，传播不实信息可能会危及他人生命。)”可知，分享错误信息和假新闻的问题可能非常严重，由此可知，pitfalls意为“问题”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, it’s important to do fact-checking before sharing news stories.(因此，在分享新闻报道之前进行事实核查是很重要的。)”可推测出，如果文章继续下去，可能会讨论核实新闻报道是否真实的方法。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章第三段提到分享错误信息和假新闻的问题可能非常严重，分享不真实的东西可能会危及人们的生命，第四段提到假新闻报道在其他方面也会伤害人们，第五段提到假新闻甚至会伤害到不是其目标的人，最后一段提到分享假故事除了会造成严重后果外，还会让人们更难分辨真假，由此可知，文章主要讲了假新闻的不良影响。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·天津和平耀华中学·期中）This year marks the centenary of the Palace Museum, an important occasion that celebrates its transformation from an imperial fortress into a world-renowned sign of culture and history. Over the past century, it has not only kept China’s glorious past but has also dynamically reinvented itself for a global audience. The museum’s journey began in 1925, following the expulsion of the last emperor. The once-forbidden gates were opened to the public, turning a symbol of supreme power into a shared treasure for all. The early years were filled with immense challenges. The most notable was the “Southern Migration” of its artifacts, a heroic and hard effort to protect over 13,000 crates of precious treasures from the damages of war, ensuring their survival for future generations. In recent decades, the Palace Museum has masterfully balanced preservation with innovation (创新). A comprehensive, ongoing restoration project aims to protect its ancient wooden structures and delicate artwork. Meanwhile, a digital revolution has taken place. The museum has launched high-definition virtual tours, developed engaging mobile apps, and created immersive VR experiences that allow visitors to “walk” through recreated historical scenes. Its savvy use of social media and wildly popular cultural creative products, from ancient-style lipsticks to miniature porcelain (瓷器), have made history overpowering trendy, catching the hearts of young Chinese. The centenary exhibition, “Timeless Splendor,” is the most important part of this evolution. It is not merely a display of artifacts but a narrative of the museum’s own century-long story. It shows priceless objects from its collection while using multimedia equipment to illustrate its transformation from an inaccessible palace to a vibrant, educational center. It highlights how the museum has become a center for international cultural dialogue, collaborating with institutions worldwide. The story of the Palace Museum’s first hundred years is a microcosm (缩影) of China’s broader cultural renaissance. It demonstrates a profound commitment to safeguarding a priceless heritage while confidently accepting the future. No longer just a static repository (贮藏室) of relics, the Palace Museum today is a living, breathing entity. It stands as a testament to the idea that understanding the past is essential for inspiring creativity and awe in the present, ensuring its legacy (遗产) will continue to enlighten minds for the next century to come. 1.The word “savvy” as used in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. cautious and hesitant B. clever and practical C. extensive and expensive D. occasional and unpredictable 2.According to the passage, which of the following best describes the dual focus of the Palace Museum’s modern strategy? A. Profit generation and international expansion. B. Architectural protection and historical replan. C. Physical preservation and digital innovation. D. Academic research and public entertainment. 3.What can be inferred from the passage about the “Timeless Splendor” exhibition? A. It is the first exhibition to use multimedia technology. B. Its significance lies partly in its self-reflective nature. C. It focuses mainly on artifacts from the “Southern Migration” D. It is primarily aimed at general tourists and scholars. 4.The author’s attitude toward the transformation of the Palace Museum is best described as ________. A. neutral and analytical B. longing and critical C. admiring and optimistic D. positive and cautious 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是故宫博物院百年来的发展与转变。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后文“social media and wildly popular cultural creative products, from ancient-style lipsticks to miniature porcelain, have made history overpowering trendy, catching the hearts of young Chinese. (社交媒体以及从古风口红到微型瓷器等大受欢迎的文化创意产品，让历史强势引领潮流，深深吸引了中国年轻人的心。)”可知，故宫巧妙地使用社交媒体以及从古风口红到微型瓷器等大受欢迎的文化创意产品，划线词savvy的意思是“巧妙的”，和clever and practical表达的意思相近，故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“In recent decades, the Palace Museum has masterfully balanced preservation with innovation. A comprehensive, ongoing restoration project aims to protect its ancient wooden structures and delicate artwork. Meanwhile, a digital revolution has taken place.(近几十年来，故宫博物院巧妙地兼顾了文物保护与创新发展。一项全面且持续进行的修缮工程，旨在保护其古老的木质建筑和精致的艺术品。与此同时，一场数字化变革也已拉开帷幕。)”可知，故宫博物院现代化战略的双重重点是实体保护与数字创新。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It is not merely a display of artifacts but a narrative of the museum’s own century-long story. It shows priceless objects from its collection while using multimedia equipment to illustrate its transformation from an inaccessible palace to a vibrant, educational center. It highlights how the museum has become a center for international cultural dialogue, collaborating with institutions worldwide.(它不仅仅是一场文物展陈，更是一部讲述故宫博物院自身百年历程的叙事篇章。它既展出馆藏的无价之宝，又运用多媒体设备，生动呈现故宫从一座难以亲近的宫殿转变为充满活力、兼具教育功能的中心的蜕变过程。它着重凸显了故宫博物院如何成为国际文化对话的中心，与世界各地的机构开展合作。)”可知，“永恒的辉煌”展览的意义部分在于它的自我反思性质。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It demonstrates a profound commitment to safeguarding a priceless heritage while confidently accepting the future. No longer just a static repository of relics, the Palace Museum today is a living, breathing entity. It stands as a testament to the idea that understanding the past is essential for inspiring creativity and awe in the present, ensuring its legacy will continue to enlighten minds for the next century to come.(它彰显出对守护无价遗产的深切承诺，同时也自信地拥抱未来。如今的故宫博物院不再仅仅是静态的文物贮藏之所，而是一个鲜活灵动、充满生机的存在。它印证了这样一种理念：理解过去对于激发当下的创造力与敬畏之心至关重要，确保其遗产在未来一个世纪乃至更久远的时光里，都能持续启迪人们的心智。)”可知，作者对故宫博物院的转变持欣赏和乐观的态度，故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津和平第一中学·期中）You have probably opened your smartphone using your face. If you have travelled internationally, you have used your face to exit and enter the country. You may have even scanned (扫描) your face to confirm your online dating account. But are you willing to use your face to pay for your morning coffee? Facial recognition payment technology (FRPT) is growing rapidly, with 495 million Chinese shoppers using it in 2024—about one-third of China’s population. In 2025, financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase and NEC Corporation plan to adopt FRPT. Physical stores were the most preferred location to trial FRPT, as opposed to online. Within a physical environment. potential users of FRPT could seek support from employees. As one interviewee explained, “I’ll try in a shop first, because if something goes wrong, there is normally someone there that can sort it out.” Some shoppers were willing to adopt FRPT if privacy and security were assured. Others were concerned about facial image storage and data leaks. As one said, “Compared to a credit card or cash, FRPT is absolutely more secure, since cheats would have to know a lot more about me to fake (冒充) my face.” While another said, “I wouldn’t use it. You probably wouldn’t hear if a supermarket got attacked and all the data leaked, so that’s out of your control.” Retailers still have a long way to go to get consumers to pay with facial scans. For retailers wanting to use FRPT, they should put up signs or on-screen videos to communicate the benefits of FRPT; besides that, they should work with reputable FRPT developers to ensure security and privacy. Once they are trialing the technology, extra staff should be assigned to assist customers, and offer promotional rewards. 1.What do the facts mentioned in paragraph 1 mainly highlight? A. Convenience of travel with smartphones. B. Transformation of life with technology. C. Widespread use of facial recognition. D. Growing popularity of facial payment. 2.Why do users prefer trying FRPT in physical stores? A. On-site assistance is available. B. Online payments are unstable. C. They can get promotional rewards. D. They can observe others using FRPT. 3.What can be inferred from the views on FRPT security? A. Physical theft is riskier than digital cheating. B. FRPT has a poor reputation for its performance. C. Privacy and security are a double-edged sword. D. Supermarkets struggle with data collection efficiency. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Challenges raced by FRPT users. B. Strategies to boost FRPT adoption. C. Trends in retail payment technology. D. The necessity of building customer trust, 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别支付技术的应用现状、用户偏好、安全争议及零售商的推广策略。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You have probably opened your smartphone using your face. If you have travelled internationally, you have used your face to exit and enter the country. You may have even scanned your face to confirm your online dating account.(你可能已经用过人脸识别解锁智能手机了。如果你出过国，你应该用过人脸识别出入境。你甚至可能扫描过面部来验证你的网恋账户)”可知，第一段列举了人脸识别在解锁手机、出入境、验证网恋账户等多个生活场景的应用，重点突出了人脸识别的广泛使用。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Within a physical environment, potential users of FRPT could seek support from employees. As one interviewee explained, “I’ll try in a shop first, because if something goes wrong, there is normally someone there that can sort it out.”(在实体环境中，人脸识别支付技术的潜在用户可以向员工寻求帮助。正如一位受访者所说：“我会先在商店里尝试，因为如果出了问题，通常会有人在那里帮忙解决。”)”可知，用户更喜欢在实体店尝试人脸识别支付，是因为能获得现场协助。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Some shoppers were willing to adopt FRPT if privacy and security were assured. Others were concerned about facial image storage and data leaks.(如果隐私和安全有保障，一些消费者愿意使用人脸识别支付技术。另一些人则担心人脸图像存储和数据泄露问题)”可知，人们对人脸识别支付的安全性存在两种截然不同的观点，一部分人认为它更安全，另一部分人担忧数据泄露，隐私和安全问题就像一把双刃剑，既影响用户接受度，又制约技术推广。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“For retailers wanting to use FRPT, they should put up signs or on-screen videos to communicate the benefits of FRPT; besides that, they should work with reputable FRPT developers to ensure security and privacy. Once they are trialing the technology, extra staff should be assigned to assist customers, and offer promotional rewards.(对于想要使用人脸识别支付技术的零售商来说，他们应该张贴告示或播放屏幕视频来宣传该技术的优势；此外，他们应与信誉良好的人脸识别支付技术开发商合作，以确保安全性和隐私性。一旦开始试用该技术，应安排额外的工作人员协助顾客，并提供促销奖励)”可知，该段详细列出了零售商推广人脸识别支付技术的具体措施，核心是提升该技术使用率的策略。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津东丽一百中学·期中）Using AI to help write a message to a friend is not a good idea — at least if your friend finds out about the use of AI, a new study suggests. Researchers found that people in the study believed that a friend who used AI to write them a message didn’t put in as much effort as a friend who wrote a message themselves. That may be understandable, but the effect goes beyond the message itself, said Bingjie Liu, lead author of the study. “After they get an AI message, our participants (参与者) feel less satisfied with their relationship with their friend and feel more uncertain about where they stand,” Liu said. But to be fair to AI, it wasn’t just the use of technology that turned people off. “People want their partners or friends to make an effort to come up with their own message without help — from AI or other people,” Liu said. “People want to know how much you want to invest (投入) in your friendship and if they feel you are cutting corners by using AI to help, that’s not good,” Liu explained. Of course, most people won’t tell a friend that they used AI to help write a message, Liu said. But she noted that as ChatGPT becomes more popular, people may start doing a Turing Test in their minds as they read messages from friends and others. “Turing Test” is sometimes used to refer to people wondering if they can tell whether an action was taken by a computer or a person. “It could be that people will secretly do this Turing Test in their minds, trying to figure out if messages have some AI component (成分),” Liu said. “It may hurt relationships.” The answer is to do your own work in relationships, she said. “Don’t use technology just because it is convenient. Sincerity (真诚) still matters a lot in relationships”. 1.How did people in the study feel about receiving an AI message from their friend? A. Thankful. B. Dissatisfied. C. Surprised. D. Embarrassed. 2.Why do people prefer that friends write messages themselves instead of using AI? A. AI messages often have many mistakes. B. People believe AI lacks emotional depth. C. People want to see the effort invested in the friendship. D. Friends who use AI are considered dishonest. 3.What do the underlined words “cutting corners” mean in paragraph 4? A. Dealing with the hardest challenge first. B. Receiving some professional advice. C. Doing something in the easiest way. D. Avoiding personal arguments. 4.Why might people start a Turing Test according to Liu? A. To judge the level of ChatGPT. B. To learn how to communicate with AI. C. To test the sincerity of an online friend. D. To see if AI has been used in a message. 5.What is Liu’s suggestion? A. Being actively honest in relationships. B. Paying attention to real world friends. C. Believing in the development of technology. D. Thinking twice before making a convenient choice. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究表明，用AI帮写朋友消息会让人觉得对方未投入努力，影响关系满意度与安全感。虽有人会暗自判断消息是否含AI，但真诚至关重要，建议勿因便捷忽视情感投入。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段““After they get an AI message, our participants (参与者) feel less satisfied with their relationship with their friend and feel more uncertain about where they stand,” Liu said.(刘说：“在收到人工智能信息后，我们的参与者对他们与朋友的关系感到不太满意，对自己的立场感到更不确定。”)”可知，研究中的人们对收到朋友发来的人工智能信息感到不满意。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers found that people in the study believed that a friend who used AI to write them a message didn’t put in as much effort as a friend who wrote a message themselves.(研究人员发现，研究中的人们认为，使用人工智能给他们写信息的朋友没有自己写信息的朋友付出那么多的努力)”以及第四段“People want to know how much you want to invest (投入) in your friendship(人们想知道你想在你们的友谊中投入多少)”可知，人们更喜欢朋友自己写信息，而不是使用人工智能，因为人们希望看到在友谊中付出的努力。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Researchers found that people in the study believed that a friend who used AI to write them a message didn’t put in as much effort as a friend who wrote a message themselves.(研究人员发现，研究中的人们认为，使用人工智能给他们写信息的朋友没有自己写信息的朋友付出那么多的努力)”以及划线词后文“by using AI to help”可知，人们希望看到朋友付出努力，而不是使用人工智能来省事，即用最简单的方法做某事，故划线词意思是“用最简单的方法做某事”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Turing Test” is sometimes used to refer to people wondering if they can tell whether an action was taken by a computer or a person.(“图灵测试”有时指的是人们想知道他们是否能分辨出一个动作是由计算机还是人执行的)”可知，人们进行图灵测试是为了查看信息中是否使用了人工智能。故选D。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sincerity (真诚) still matters a lot in relationships.(真诚在人际关系中仍然很重要)”可知，刘的建议是在人际关系中积极诚实。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·天津二十一中学·期中）Ants are good navigators (导航员). They often travel long distances to search for food and carry it back to their nests. But how do they do it? An international team of scientists, including researchers at the University of Edinburgh, UK, has recently come up with an explanation According to the findings, ants use visual (视觉的) memories of their environments and the sun’s position to find their way home. And they can even do it while traveling backwards. The researchers studied a group of desert ants in Seville, Spain. The study’s purpose was to find out how ants navigate when they carry pieces of food of different sizes. To make it work, the scientists first trained the ants to follow a particular path back home, including a challenging 90-degree turn. Then the ants were given either a small or a large piece of food to test their navigational skills. Ants with small pieces of food walked forward and cleared the 90-degree turn just fine. However, those with larger pieces sometimes had to turn backwards to drag them. Generally, these ants would set of in the correct direction. But if they stayed too long in the backward position, they would miss the correct turn to reach the nest. Interestingly, not ail of the backward-walking ants were that stubborn. Some would drop the food occasionally (偶尔) to check their surroundings. So after turning back to pick up their food, the ants would find themselves back on the nest. Researchers believe the ants were taking advantage of a mix of different information to navigate backwards. This may include local landmarks (地标), the position of the sun, and their position in the environment. To prove this, they used a mirror to make it look like the sun was on the other side of the sky. In that case, the backward ants would turn toward the opposite direction. Barbara Webb, a professor from the University of Edinburgh’s School of Informatics, said the findings could help people make smarter robots in future. “Understanding their behavior gives us new insights into brain function and has inspired us to build robot systems that mimic (模仿) their functions,” she told the BBC. Scientists have been able to copy the neural (神经的) network in the ant’s brain. The hope is to invent robots that can explore by themselves in natural areas such as forests. 1.According to the new study ants ________. A. mainly depend on local landmarks to guide them home B. cannot navigate well when they are carrying food with them C. prefer to travel in groups to avoid being lost on long-distance journeys D. use the sun’s position and visual memories of their surroundings to navigate 2.What can be concluded about the ants in the study? A. They were motivated by food to follow a particular path. B. They were sure to lose their way when making. C. They could not find the correct way back once lost. D. They sometimes got lost if they traveled backwards for too long. 3.What is the article mainly about? A. How scientists test ants’ navigational skills. B. The link between ants’ traveling habits and brain functions. C. Ants’ navigational skills and their possible application. D. Different ways ants carry food pieces of various sizes. 4.What inspiration does the researchers get from their findings? A. Robots can be used to explore the forest. B. Ants’ neural network can be moved into robots. C. Findings help understand humans’ brain function better. D. People can make cleverer robots imitating ants’ brain functions 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍蚂蚁的导航技能及研究发现，还提及该发现对制造更智能机器人的潜在应用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to the findings, ants use visual (视觉的)memories of their environments and the sun’s position to find their way home.(根据研究结果，蚂蚁利用对环境的视觉记忆和太阳的位置来找到回家的路。)”可知，蚂蚁通过环境的视觉记忆和太阳位置进行导航。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But if they stayed too long in the backward position, they would miss the correct turn to reach the nest.(但如果它们在倒退的姿势中停留太久，就会错过到达巢穴的正确转弯处。)”可知，蚂蚁若倒退行走时间过长，有时会迷路。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第二段“According to the findings, ants use visual(视觉的) memories of their environments and the sun's position to find their way home.( 根据研究结果，蚂蚁通过对周围环境和太阳位置的视觉记忆来找到回家的路)”和最后一段“Scientists have been able to copy the neural(神经的) network in the ant's brain. The hope is to invent robots that can explore by themselves in natural areas such as forests.( 科学家已经能够复制蚂蚁大脑中的神经网络。希望是发明能够在森林等自然区域自行探索的机器人)”可知，蚂蚁可以利用太阳的位置和对周围环境的视觉记忆来导航，这样可以找到回家的路；科学家希望能够复制蚂蚁大脑中的神经网络以便于在将来可能发明特殊功能机器人。由此可知，本文主要讲述了蚂蚁的特殊的导航技能及其可能的应用。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“the findings could help people make smarter robots in future.(这些发现可能有助于人们在未来制造出更智能的机器人。)”和第八段中的““Understanding their behavior gives us new insights into brain function and has inspired us to build robot systems that mimic(模仿) their functions,” she told the BBC.(“了解它们的行为能让我们对大脑功能有新的认识，还启发我们打造出模仿其功能的机器人系统。” 她向英国广播公司（BBC）如是说道)”可知，研究人员从发现中获得的启发是，可制造模仿蚂蚁大脑功能的更聪明机器人。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津和平第一中学·期中）After her son competed at an international science fair, Lisa Ranney found that the fair could greatly make her son fond of science and know how to learn about science. And then she began encouraging her students to attend it. And after learning about the Society for Science & the Public’s Outreach and Equity Programs, she began promoting science fair participation to underserved students. Lisa was a science and math teacher at a high school in Louisiana. She helped inspire underserved students to conduct science research and helped their projects go into science fairs. But there was no flat way to success. School bus being the only form of transportation, several students were unable to ever stay after school to complete research: Therefore, project research had to be completed during lunch or over the phone. Usually, when it comes to conducting science research and participating in science fairs, purchasing a display board, staying after school, and doing research online are almost always a necessity. But students who don’t have internet access at home or can’t afford to buy supplies, or students whose parents are unable to pick them up from school often miss out. Lisa has made it her goal to help her students overcome barriers like these so that they have the opportunity to participate in science fairs. It has been a success. This year, two of her students, Ruth and Zachary, made it to the final science fair in Pittsburgh. There being a large number of bacteria at beaches throughout Louisiana, Ruth decided to study the causes behind this at a local beach. In her project titled “Using Microbial Indicators to Analyze Water Quality at Cypremort Point Beach”, Ruth explained where the bacteria were coming from. “My teacher gave me the equipment I needed to research, and spared her free time to help me work out ideas for how to design my exhibition to make more readable for the public,” Ruth said. In Zachary’s project, he tested some characteristics of honeys. Although initially he started his project due to a class requirement, he said, “Once I started going, it got the ball moving. I just kept going and I was having fun. It was a great experience.” And he added, “Now the lab has attracted me so much that I begin to want to spend all my spare time in conducting science research and experiments.” 1.Why did Lisa call on her students to participate in science fairs? A. Because of her son’s support. B. Because of the requirement of her school. C. Because of her realization of the fair’s benefits. D. Because of her being a member of a science fair program. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The happiness that Lisa found in her work. B. The support that Lisa gave to her students. C. The success that Lisa achieved in her projects. D. The challenges that Lisa met with in her attempts. 3.What can we learn about Ruth’s project? A. It tells us about the chemicals at the local beach. B. it is a little hard for the public to understand. C. It gets support from her classmates and teacher. D. It has something to do with Louisiana’s environment. 4.Which of the following can best describe Lisa? A. Patient and confident. B. Generous and determined. C. Friendly and strict. D. Careful and humorous. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。科学老师Lisa受儿子参加科技博览会的益处启发，致力于帮助弱势群体学生克服交通、材料等障碍参与其中。今年她的两名学生分别以海滩水质和蜂蜜特性研究进入决赛，学生也从中收获成长。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“After her son competed at an international science fair, Lisa Ranney found that the fair could greatly make her son fond of science and know how to learn about science. And then she began encouraging her students to attend it.(在她儿子参加了一次国际科学展之后，莉萨·兰尼发现这个展会极大地激发了她儿子对科学的兴趣，并让他学会了如何学习科学。于是她开始鼓励她的学生们也去参加这个展会)”可知，莉萨号召她的学生们参加科学展览活动是因为她意识到了该活动的诸多益处。故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“But there was no flat way to success. School bus being the only form of transportation, several students were unable to ever stay after school to complete research: Therefore, project research had to be completed during lunch or over the phone. Usually, when it comes to conducting science research and participating in science fairs, purchasing a display board, staying after school, and doing research online are almost always a necessity. But students who don’t have internet access at home or can’t afford to buy supplies, or students whose parents are unable to pick them up from school often miss out.(但通往成功的道路并非平坦。由于唯一的交通方式就是校车，因此有几名学生无法在放学后留下来完成研究工作：所以，项目研究只能在午餐时间或通过电话来完成。通常，在进行科学研究和参加科学展会上，购买展示板、放学后留下来以及在线进行研究几乎是必不可少的条件。但那些家里没有网络、买不起相关用品、或者家长无法从学校接走他们的学生往往会错过这些机会)”可知，第三段主要讲了莉萨在尝试过程中所遇到的种种挑战。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There being a large number of bacteria at beaches throughout Louisiana, Ruth decided to study the causes behind this at a local beach.(路易斯安那州各地的海滩上细菌数量众多，鲁斯便决定在当地的一个海滩上探究其成因)”可知，鲁斯的项目与路易斯安那州的环境有关。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“She helped inspire underserved students to conduct science research and helped their projects go into science fairs.(她激励了那些教育资源匮乏的学生开展科学研究，并帮助他们的项目得以参加科学竞赛)”以及第四段“This year, two of her students, Ruth and Zachary, made it to the final science fair in Pittsburgh.(今年，她的两名学生鲁斯和扎克里成功晋级了匹兹堡的最终科学展)”可知，莉萨主动帮助学生，面对诸多困难，仍坚持让学生参与，最终促成两名学生进入决赛，体现了她慷慨且坚定。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津和平双菱中学·期中）English words tell a lot of stories. To get back to their origins (起源), linguists (语言学家) use the comparative method (comparing similar words in different languages). English is a West Germanic language from the Indo-European family and many words are interrelated. However, there are some English terms known as “proper words” that are found only in English today and have no known relatives in other languages. Here are three examples: Girl: Since the 14th century, gyrle (now “girl”) was used to mean a child without gender distinction (性别差异). Its origins remain unknown. Some linguists have connected it with the Old English word gierela, meaning garment (衣服), suggesting the term may have changed in meaning from “child’s apron” to “child”. Others believe “girl” is connected to words like “boy”, “lass”, and “lad”, though their origins are unclear. Boy: Who (or what) was originally a “boy”? No one knows. In the13th century, a boy was a servant. A century later, the term started being used to mean a male child. The word doesn’t sound Germanic, but it’s not clear whether it was brought into England by the Normans either. Dog: “Dog” comes from Old English dogs, an uncommon term used in Middle English for a strong dog like the mastiff. In Old English, hund was the common Germanic word until the term docga took its place almost completely in the16th century. Now, “hound” means specifically a hunting dog. So far, nobody has been able to find the origin of docga. Probably the dog it originally described became popular enough to be connected with the idea of “dog” in itself, but this doesn’t explain where the word came from. The origin stories of these “proper words” could teach us a lot about ancient people, how they thought, and how they named the things around them. So, more research is badly needed. 1.What does the underlined word “interrelated” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Created. B. Connected. C. Accepted. D. Improved. 2.What is a possible origin of the word “girl”? A. A name for a baby boy. B. A Germanic word for gyrle. C. A term for a young servant. D. A word meaning garment. 3.What was a possible reason for docga becoming the common word for “dog”? A. The old word hund for “dog” got a bad meaning. B. Linguists chose to use docga as the standard-term. C. People came to love the dogs named docga a lot. D. Docga was easier to spell than other words for “dog”. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The origins of some “proper words” in English. B. The role of “smart” linguists in language study. C. The development of the English language. D. The history of some Old English terms. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了英语中一些被称为“专有词汇”的词汇，这些词汇只在英语中存在，且起源不明。文章以“girl”、“boy”和“dog”为例，讲述了它们可能的起源和演变。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“English is a West Germanic language from the Indo-European family and many words are interrelated. However, there are some English terms known as “proper words” that are found only in English today and have no known relatives in other languages. (英语属于印欧语系的西日耳曼语族，其中许多词汇之间interrelated。然而，也有一些被称为“专有词汇”的英语单词，它们仅存在于当今的英语中，且在其他语言中没有对应的词形)”可知，前后两个句子构成转折关系，后文强调英语中的一些“专有词汇”与其他语言的无相关性，前文应该强调的是英语中许多词汇与其他词汇之间的相互关联性。因此划线词意为“相关的，存在关联的”，与选项B“Connected(连接的，相关的)”为同义词。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some linguists have connected it with the Old English word gierela, meaning garment (衣服) ,suggesting the term may have changed in meaning from “child’s apron” to “child”. (一些语言学家将其与古英语词汇“gierela”联系起来，该词意为“衣服”。他们认为这个术语的含义可能已经从“孩子的围裙”转变为“孩子”本身)”可知，一些语言学家认为“girl”可能与起源于是一个意为“衣服”的词。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Probably the dog it originally described became popular enough to be connected with the idea of “dog” in itself, but this doesn’t explain where the word came from.(或许当初所描述的那种狗已经变得相当流行，以至于人们自然而然地将“狗”这个词与这种狗本身联系了起来，但这并不能解释这个词的起源)”可知，最初被描述的狗变得足够受欢迎，以至于与“狗”这个概念本身联系在一起，由此产生了dog这个词。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“However, there are some English terms known as “proper words” that are found only in English today and have no known relatives in other languages. Here are three examples(然而，有一些英语词汇被称为“专用词汇”，它们仅存在于英语中，且在其他语言中没有类似的词形对应。以下是三个这样的例子)”以及通读全文可知，文章探讨了英语中一些被称为“专有名词”的词汇，这些词汇只在英语中存在，且起源不明。文章以“girl”、“boy”和“dog”为例，讲述了它们可能的起源和演变。因此，文章的主要内容是关于英语中一些“专有词汇”的起源。由此可知，选项A“The origins of some “proper words” in English.(英语中一些“专有词汇”的起源)”与文章主旨相符。故选A项。 主题语境04 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·天津宁河芦台第二中学·期中）Last Friday, at least 5 people were killed by lightning in Nepal. Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 70 people die. That is, more people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes. Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters. "If you hear the thunder, you are in danger from lightning," said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross. "Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any time, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended. The most important thing to remember is to seek shelter (遮蔽物), " Lopes said. Summer is the peak time for lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips: ♦ Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in open fields. ♦ Do not stand under a tree. ♦ Get off bicycle and motorcycles. ♦ Crouch down (蹲下) if there is no shelter. ♦ Avoid open spaces, wire fences, metal objects and electrical objects such as hair driers. 1.In the US, ______ is the most common cause of deaths during natural disasters. A. lightning B. tornadoes C. hurricanes D. floods 2.Of the people who are struck by lightning every year in the US, about ______ people are lucky enough to survive. A. 400 B. 70 C. 330 D. 5 3.If you hear the thunder, the most important thing you should do is to ______. A. stand still in the open spaces B. find shelter to hide in C. stand under the tree D. stop working in the fields 4.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Floods are the most common cause of deaths in the US. B. Less than 70 people are killed by tornadoes and hurricanes each year in the US. C. If you hear the thunder, you should move indoors right away. D. People don't pay as much attention to the danger of hurricanes as that of floods. 5.Which of the following is the best title? A. The Danger of Lightning B. Some Safety Tips against Floods C. How Lightning Happens D. 5 People Killed by Lightning in Nepal 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是闪电的危险和如何避免受到闪电的袭击。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods.（在美国，雷击是自然灾害中第二大常见死亡原因。首先是洪水。）”可知，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 70 people die.（全国每年约有400人被闪电击中，其中70人死亡。）”可知，在美国每年被闪电击中的人中，大约有330人幸运地活了下来。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段的“Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any time, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended.（打雷意味着闪电离你很近，随时可能击中你，所以你应该马上躲进室内，直到暴风雨结束。）”可知，如果你听到雷声，你应该做的最重要的事情是找个地方躲起来，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods.（在美国，雷击是自然灾害中第二大常见死亡原因。首先是洪水。）”可知，在美国，洪水是最常见的死亡原因，A项正确；根据第二段的“Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 70 people die. That is, more people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.（全国每年约有400人被闪电击中，其中70人死亡。也就是说，死于闪电的人比死于龙卷风和飓风的人要多。）”可知，在美国，每年有不到70人死于龙卷风和飓风，B选项正确；根据第五段的“Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any time, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended.（打雷意味着闪电离你很近，随时可能击中你，所以你应该马上躲进室内，直到暴风雨结束。）”可知，如果你听到雷声，你应该马上移动到室内，因此C选项正确；根据第三段的“Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.（因为闪电一次只杀死一到两个人，它的危险不像其他灾难那样受到重视。）”可知，人们是对闪电不够重视，因此D选项不正确，故选D。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 70 people die. That is, more people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.（全国每年约有400人被闪电击中，其中70人死亡。也就是说，死于闪电的人比死于龙卷风和飓风的人要多。）”及后文的安全提示可知，本文主要讲的是闪电的危险和如何避免受到闪电的袭击，因此最好的题目是A选项“The Danger of Lightning（闪电的危险）”，故选A。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学·期中）High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said. Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth,” she said. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 60 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child’s physical and mental health. Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. 1.What’s the purpose of Chavis’s experiment? A. To see how many students have smartphones. B. To find out how popular her students are. C. To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly. D. To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely. 2.How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result? A. Shocked. B. Excited. C. Satisfied. D. Frightened. 3.Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge? A. Students are now under great stress. B. Students spend too much money on smartphones. C. Overusing phones cause drops in students’ grades. D. Overusing phones may harm students’ body and mind. 4.What does the underlined word “coincidence” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. 问题 B. 巧合 C. 挑战 D. 优势 5.What might be talked about if the passage is continued? A. How other schools deal with students’ phones. B. Whether the ways to handle phones are effective. C. How some parents deal with their children’s phones. D. Whether students are willing to give up using phones. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过高中生物老师凯莉·查维斯的一次课堂实验，揭示了智能手机对学生焦虑水平的影响，并探讨了学校和家长为应对这一问题所采取的措施。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. (高中生物老师凯莉·查维斯知道智能手机在她的课上是个问题。但直到查维斯在课堂上做了一个实验，学生们才意识到这些设备带来了多大的问题。)”以及第二段中“Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. (查维斯是越来越多的认为智能手机现在部分导致学生焦虑水平上升的教师、家长和健康专家之一。)”可知，查维斯的实验目的是为了展示智能手机对青少年的巨大影响。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150! (其中一个女孩，在这一个小时里，收到了近150条Snapchat通知。150条！)”可推知，查维斯对实验结果感到震惊。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中Jean Twenge的话“This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth (这种使用手机的方式导致了睡眠的丧失和成长所必需的面对面交流的减少)”可知，过度使用手机可能对学生的身体和心理健康有害，所以D项“Overusing phones may harm students’ body and mind.”是正确表述。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones (青少年的心理健康问题随着手机数量的增加而增加)”和“This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth (这种使用手机的方式导致了睡眠的丧失和成长所必需的面对面交流的减少)”可知，使用手机的方式导致了睡眠的丧失和成长所必需的面对面交流的减少，给学生的身体和心理健康带来伤害，所以“青少年心理健康问题随着手机数量的增加而增加，这并不是巧合”。故划线词“coincidence”意为“巧合”。故选B项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. (学校和家长都开始采取措施来解决这个问题。许多公立学校付费给外部公司，让他们观察学生在社交媒体上的活动，寻找焦虑的迹象。其他学校则邀请瑜伽老师和安慰犬来帮助学生平静下来。)”可知，文章最后一段提到学校和家长都开始采取措施来解决学生使用手机的问题，并先介绍了学校的措施。由此可推测，如果文章继续下去，接下来应该介绍家长如何处理孩子的手机问题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区汉沽第一中学·期中）Millions of Englishmen have stopped saying “thank you” and now say “cheers”. Although the average person will say “thank you” nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three of them is more likely to say “cheers” or “ta”. They think “thank you” is out of date. One in 20 now says “nice one” instead, while younger people are more likely to offer a “cool”. “Merci”, “fab” and even “gracias” were also listed as common words to use. Nick Thorogood, managing director of Food Network UK, said, “When it comes to saying ‘thank you’, people will always find the way that works best for them and it’s interesting to see what the act means to different people. A quarter of us choose to say ‘thank you’ through delicious food. Taking the time and effort to say ‘thanks’ is still very important to us.” However, it seems that sometimes displays of good manners are just clear. A huge 70 percent of those questioned admit they will say “thank you” to a person’s face without even meaning it. Half of the people questioned admit it is rubbish to thank those closest to them, because they think their family already know their gratitude. When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people, like SMS (short message service). A thank-you e-mail is also popular, while a quarter turn to social networks to express thanks. A quarter of Englishmen say “thank you” with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake. A third will still send a handwritten thank-you note — but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they bothered to send one. 1.Why do many Englishmen stop using the words “thank you”? A. They are afraid to hurt others. B. They think it out of date. C. They don’t think it necessary. D. They don’t want to express thanks. 2.What can we learn from Nick Thorogood’s words? A. People in Britain say “thank you” much more than before. B. Most people in Britain say “thank you” only at meal time. C. Half of Englishmen say “thank you” through food. D. It’s important to express thanks to other people. 3.What does the underlined word “gratitude” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Manners. B. Courage. C. Appreciation. D. Confidence. 4.Which method of expressing “thank you” is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Shaking hands. B. Baking a cake. C. A thank-you note. D. A thank-you e-mail. 5.In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage? A. Sports. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Advertisement. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在许多英国人不再常说“thank you”而是用其他表达方式，还介绍了人们表达感谢的不同方式及态度。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They think “thank you” is out of date. (他们认为“谢谢”已经过时了。)”可知，许多英国人不再使用“thank you”是因为他们认为它过时了。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Taking the time and effort to say ‘thanks’ is still very important to us. (花时间和精力说“谢谢”对我们来说仍然非常重要。)”可知，向他人表达感谢是很重要的。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Half of the people questioned admit it is rubbish to thank those closest to them, because they think their family already know their gratitude. (一半的受访者承认，感谢最亲近的人是胡说八道，因为他们认为家人已经知道他们的gratitude。)”可知，此处指家人已经知道他们的感激了，所以gratitude意为“感激，感谢”，与appreciation意思相近。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people, like SMS (short message service). A thank-you e-mail is also popular, while a quarter turn to social networks to express thanks. A quarter of Englishmen say “thank you” with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake. A third will still send a handwritten thank-you note (当口头表达无法表达时，对大多数人来说，发一条短信就可以了。感谢邮件也很受欢迎，四分之一的人会转向社交网络表达感谢。四分之一的英国人用食物表示“谢谢”，23%的人做饭来表示对某人的感谢。另有15%的人烤蛋糕。三分之一的人仍然会寄手写的感谢信。)”可知，文中提到了烤蛋糕、感谢信、感谢邮件，没有提到握手。故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了现在许多英国人不再常说“thank you”而是用其他表达方式，还介绍了人们表达感谢的不同方式及态度，这属于文化范畴，因此最可能来自报纸的文化版块。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学·期中）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy(疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist(心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1.What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A. AI therapy is warmer. B. AI tools are free. C. People feel much pressure. D. DeepSeek is popular. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Mental health care. B. The AI tool. C. The medical standard. D. The government control. 3.What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B. AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C. AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D. AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4.Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A. To give an example of safe AI under rules. B. To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C. To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D. To explain why China needs more therapists. 5.What can we infer from the passage? A. AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B. AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C. AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D. Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，探讨了AI疗法在心理健康领域的应用，包括其现状、作用、局限性以及面临的问题和解决办法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. (由于忙碌的生活方式和工作压力，现在越来越多的中国人转向像 DeepSeek 这样的人工智能工具来谈论他们的问题)”可知，是人们感受到的巨大压力使得他们求助于 “人工智能疗法”。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services.(根据亨廷顿心理服务机构的数据，在 2024 年，全世界有 45% 需要心理健康护理的人没有得到护理，因为费用太高或者没有足够的医生)”可知，“it” 指代的是前文提到的 “mental health care”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist( 心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous.(然而，人工智能有其局限性。人类治疗师通过面对面的交谈深入理解情感，并制定合适的治疗计划，这是机器人无法完全复制的。北京的心理学家刘阳博士指出：“人工智能可能会识别像‘离婚’或‘裁员’这样的关键词，但它无法发现语气或肢体语言中细微的情感变化。” 在处理一系列情况时，这一点变得很重要，因为在这些情况下误解可能是危险的)”可知，第三段主要介绍了人工智能在理解深层情感方面存在局限性，并且存在一定风险。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK.(另一个问题是安全。人工智能可能在没有适当培训或规则的情况下扮演治疗师的角色。它无法达到人类治疗师所具有的责任水平。专家认为，安全的人工智能疗法的关键是严格的政府控制。例如，英国的人工智能心理健康应用程序 Wysa 遵循严格的医疗标准)”可推知，作者提到 Wysa 应用程序是为了举一个在规则下安全使用的人工智能的例子。故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs.(随着人工智能成为日常生活的一部分，在其好处和风险之间找到平衡很重要。虽然人工智能提供了快速的帮助，但对于严重的情感需求，人与人之间的联系仍然是不可替代的)”可知，人工智能对于基本的情感支持是有用的，但对于严重的情况是不够的，无法替代人类。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学·期中）In one of my favorite studies on the meaning of life, researchers asked a group of students to write about their “true self”. Another group of students were asked to write about their “everyday self” and a third group of students were asked to write about the campus bookstore. After the writing task, the students were then asked to rate their meaning of life. The researchers were interested in how much detail the participants provided in their various essays. Their assumption is that the more detailed description one provides about one’s true self, the more likely one authentically (真实地) connects with that sense of self. Not surprisingly, for those writing about their “everyday self” or about the campus bookstore, the amount of detail didn’t have any connection with their sense of meaning of life. However, when people wrote about their “true self”, the more detailed the essay was, the more the person was exposed to the meaning of life. To live a meaningful life, then, make sure you are in touch with yourself. If you don’t follow your own values and dreams, you are most probably following values set by others. And there is nothing more disappointing in life than living someone else’s dream. As Oscar Wilde put it, it is better to be yourself, as everyone else is already taken. Meaningfulness is about connection. While this means that a major part of the meaningfulness in our lives comes from connecting with others through intimate, caring relationships and through being able to contribute to society and those one cares about, you cannot connect with others unless you are first in touch with yourself. Otherwise it is not you who are connecting to others but just an empty shell. Only by knowing what you are, can you start to authentically connect with others. So, set out to write about your true self and who you believe you really are as a person, what your most important values are, and what you yourself would like to pursue and have in life. Then figure out how you could make that “true self” more the self that is realized in your everyday life and work. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The process of a study. B. The meaning of life. C. Three groups of students. D. A writing task of evaluating life. 2.What’s the finding of the researchers? A. “Everyday self” connects with the campus bookstore. B. More various essays interpret the meaning of life better. C. The participants with detailed essays have a more meaningful life. D. More “true self” description makes one experience the meaning of life better. 3.What does the underlined word “intimate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Personal and private. B. Deep and detailed. C. Close and friendly. D. Quiet and gentle. 4.What can make you truly connect with others? A. Following values and dreams set by others. B. Being the author of your own life. C. Changing “everyday self” into “true self”. D. Being able to contribute to society. 5.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Connect with Life—Dream Is Valued B. Why Not Pursue Goals You Find Useful? C. Be Yourself—Everyone Else Is Taken D. Why Not Build Caring Relationships with Yourself? 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了要过一个有意义的生活，就要保持和自己产生联系，知道自己是个什么样的人以及你的价值观是什么，只有这样你才能在日常生活展现出真实自我。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“In one of my favorite studies on the meaning of life, researchers asked a group of students to write about their “true self”. Another group of students were asked to write about their “everyday self” and a third group of students were asked to write about the campus bookstore. After the writing task, the students were then asked to rate their meaning of life.(在我最喜欢的一项关于生命意义的研究中，研究人员让一组学生写下他们的“真实自我”。另一组学生被要求写下他们的“日常自我”，第三组学生被要求写关于校园书店的内容。完成写作任务后，学生们被要求对他们的人生意义进行评价。)”可知，此处讲述的是研究人员将研究对象分为三组进行实验对照，对不同的研究对象进行不同任务安排，因此可知，此段主要讲的是研究的过程。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“However, when people wrote about their “true self”, the more detailed the essay was, the more the person was exposed to the meaning of life.(然而，当人们写$