内容正文:
人教版英语七年级下册U2知识点
Word and word‑group
1. rule n.规则,规章
make rules 制定规则;follow the rules 遵守规则;break the rules 违反规则
school rules 校规;class rules 班规;family rules 家规;traffic rules 交通规则
2. order n.秩序;命令 v.命令,点菜
keep order 维持秩序;keep sth in order 使某物井然有序
take one’s order 点菜;order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
3. follow v.遵循,跟随
follow the rules = keep the rules 遵守规则
follow one’s order 服从命令
following adj.下列的
4. late for 迟到
(be) late for
例:I am late for school.我上学迟到。
arrive late for = be late for
5. arrive v.到达
arrive是不及物动词;arrive in +大地点;arrive at +小地点
同义词:get to;reach(及物动词)
※地点副词(home, there, here)前面不加介词
例:get home = arrive home到家
6. on time 准时
in time 及时;on time准时;all the time一直;from time to time有时,偶尔
at once立刻;at the same time同时;have a good time玩得开心
7. hallway n.走廊
in the hallways 在走廊
例:Don’t run in the hallways.不要在走廊里奔跑。
8. uniform n.校服,制服
school uniform校服
wear the uniform穿校服
例:We have to wear the uniform at school.我们在校必须穿校服。
9. litter v.乱扔 n.垃圾
Don’t litter.不要乱扔垃圾。
n.垃圾 → rubbish
10. polite adj.有礼貌的
impolite adj.没礼貌的;politely adv.修饰动词
①be +形容词,作表语:We are polite.我们有礼貌。
②形容词修饰名词,作定语:She is a polite girl.她是一个有礼貌的女孩。
11. treat v.招待,对待,治疗 n.款待
①treat sb as / like sth(身份)
例:I treat him as / like my best friend.我把他当作我最好的朋友。
②treat sb to sth(吃的/喝的)
例:I treat him to seafood.我请他吃海鲜。
③treat sb with sth(用……对待某人)
treat sb with respect / kindness / warmth……以尊重/善意/温情对待某人
12. respect v./n.尊敬
show respect / love for sb展示对某人的爱/尊重
①n.尊敬:We should treat everyone with respect.我们应当怀着敬意对待每一个人。
②v.尊敬:We should respect our teachers.我们应当尊敬老师。
13. if conj.如果
even if即使
①是否 →宾语从句
例:I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会下雨。
②如果 →条件状语从句
1)主将从现:例:We won’t go to the park if it rains.如果下雨我们就不去公园。
2)主情从现:例:We must study hard if we want to get good grades.如果我们想要取得好成绩就必须努力学习。
3)主祈从现:例:Don’t run in the hallways if we want to have a happy school life.如果我们想要拥有愉快的校园生活,不要在走廊奔跑。
14. jacket n.短上衣,夹克衫
拓展:T‑shirt T恤衫;dress连衣裙;skirt短裙;shoes鞋子;coat外套
15. have to / must 不得不;必须
相同点:都表示“必须,要做”
不同点:
(1)must是情态动词,无人称和数的变化
(2)have是实义动词(had to / has to)
(3)must表主观(个人的观点)
例:We must try our best to study hard.我们必须尽全力努力学习。
have to表客观(多强调外界约束)
例:We have to wear uniforms at school.在校我们不得不穿校服。
16. everything pron.每件事,一切
复合不定代词(修饰事/物) everything一切;nothing没什么;anything任何事;something某物/事
用法:
①作主语时谓语动词用单数。例:Everything is OK.一切顺利。
②形容词后置。例:something interesting有趣的事情。
③后加to do。例:Would you like something to drink?你想要喝点什么吗?
17. lend v.借给,借出
lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 借出
例:lend you my pen = lend my pen to you把我的笔借给你
bring…to…带来……;take…to…带走……
borrow sth from sb借入;take sth from sb从某人那里拿走某物
18. sweet adj.甜的 n.糖果
拓展:special adj.特别的,特殊的 n.特色菜
19. snack n.小吃;snake n.蛇
eat snacks吃小吃
20. of course当然
of course = sure = certainly;of course not当然不
21. mobile phone手机
play with mobile phones / balls玩手机/玩球
22. turn off关掉
turn on打开;turn off关掉;turn up调高;turn into变成
turn down调低;拒绝;turn right(left)向右转(左转)
take turns to do轮流做某事
23. queue n.队
jump the queue = cut in = cut the queue插队
24. feed v.喂养,饲养
①feed sb on / with sth(用……喂养某人)
例:feed sheep on / with the grass用草喂羊
②feed sb sth(喂养某人/某物)
例:feed the cows喂奶牛
③feed sth to sb(把……喂给……)
例:feed the grass to the sheep把草喂给绵羊
25. quietly adv.安静地
反义词:loudly大声地
keep quiet = be quiet保持安静;quite adv.相当,很
26. leave v.离开,留下
①leave sp.离开某地,例:leave Beijing离开北京
②leave sth sp.把某物落在某地,例:leave the pencil at school把铅笔落在学校
③leave for sth动身去某地,前往,例:leave for Beijing动身前往北京
④leave A for B离开A去往B,例:leave Beijing for Shanghai离开北京去往上海
27. absent adj.缺席的;不在的
present adj.出席的,在场的;absence n.缺席
absent from缺席;不在
28. noise n.声音;噪音
Don’t be noisy.不要吵闹 → Be quiet.保持安静。
29. either adv.也(用于否定词组后);either…or…要么……要么……(就近原则)
①Either I or you are right.要么我是对的,要么你是对的。
②Either you or I am right.要么你是对的,要么我是对的。
30. practise v.训练;练习
practise doing sth练习做某事,例:practise speaking English练习说英语
practice n.练习;Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
31. awful adj.糟糕的;讨厌的 →terrible(近义词)
32. good / well‑better‑best(比较级、最高级);well多指身体健康
33. person n.人
personal adj.个人的;in person亲自
focus on doing sth集中精力做某事
34. put v.放
put on穿上;put up张贴,搭建,举起;put off推迟;put away放好;put down放下
put up your hand举手;put up a tent搭建帐篷;put up the important notices张贴重要通知
35. answer the phone接电话 = pick up the phone接电话
36. hand in sth on time准时上交
37. around the world = all over the world全世界
38. another rule另一条规则;one…the other…(两者)一个,另一个
39. raise
①raise your hand = put up your hand举手
②raise the flag升旗
③raise three children抚养三个孩子
④raise…for…为……筹钱
40. would like to = want to do = feel like doing想要做某事
41. be good at doing = do well in擅长做某事
be good with = get on well with与……相处融洽
be good to = be kind / friendly / nice to对……友好
be good for有益于;be not good for = be bad for对……有害
42. know sth well熟知某事
43. wait your turn排队等候;put on the seat belt = wear系上安全带
44. wait v.等待
①wait for sb / sth等待某人/某物(wait for you等你)
②wait for sb to do等待某人做某事,例:wait for you to go to the library together等你一起去图书馆
③can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事
Grammar Focus 祈使句
✅肯定祈使句:
①Do型:以动词原形开头。例:Walk in the hallways.
②Let型:let sb do sth。例:Let’s read together.
③Be型:be + adj./n.。例:Be quiet.保持安静;Be a good student.做一名好学生。
✅否定祈使句:
①Don’t型:以上三种前面均可加don’t。例:Don’t run in the hallways.不要在走廊奔跑。
②No + doing:No littering禁止乱扔垃圾;No photos禁止拍照;No parking禁止停车;No + n.
补充:let sb not do sth = Don’t let sb do sth不要让某人做某事。
How about doing sth = What about doing sth 做某事怎么样?
动词原形开头 VS 动词ing开头
1.以动词原形开头 →祈使句
例:Take care of yourself.照顾好你自己;Tom, open the door, please.汤姆,请把门打开。
2.以动词‑ing开头 →动名词作主语
例:Taking care of myself is difficult.照顾我自己很难;Opening the door makes the air fresh.开门使空气清新。
❗判断口诀:句子中有is / can或者动词使用第三人称单数形式,用动词‑ing;若无,则用动词原形。
B拓展词汇与短语
1. focus v.集中(注意力)
focus on doing sth专注于做某事;focus one’s mind / attention on sth把某人的注意力集中在……上
2. build v.创建,建造 n.身材,体格
①build school spirit塑造校园精神;②be of medium build中等身材
3. spirit n.精神,情绪
①be in low spirits情绪低落;②be in high spirits情绪高涨;③the spirit of……的精神
4. think about doing sth思考考虑做某事
think of认为,想起;think up = come up with(a good idea)想出;think over仔细考虑
5. relax v.放松,休息;rest n.&v.休息;break n.休息;have a rest休息一下
6. advice n.建议,意见(不可数名词)
①some advice一些建议;a piece of advice一条建议
②ask sb for advice向某人寻求建议;advice on / about sth关于……的建议
③follow one’s advice = take one’s advice听从某人的建议
④advise sb to do sth(v.建议);give sb some advice给某人一些建议
7. need sth to do需要某物去做;spend time doing花费时间做;take sth to do sth花费(时间)做某事
8. some of……之中的一些;many of……之中许多;all of全部
9. happy adj.开心的
unhappy adj.不开心;happiness n.幸福;do sth happily adv.开心地做某事
be happy with对……满意;Why is Alice unhappy? = Why isn’t Alice happy?为什么Alice不开心?
10. help v./n.帮助
实义动词用法:help sb(宾格),例:help me帮助我
help sb (to) do sth,例:help my mother (to) do housework帮妈妈做家务;help each other互相帮助
名词用法:with one’s help = with the help of sb在某人的帮助下
11. make的相关用法
make sb do使某人做某事,例:make me laugh使我大笑
make sb + adj.使某人……,例:make me happy使我开心
make sb + n.使某人成为……,例:make me a better person使我成为更好的人
make sth + adj.使某物……,例:make the classroom clean把教室打扫干净
make sth + n.使某物成为……,例:make our school a good place使我们学校成为好地方
make up化妆;编造;组成;make up one’s mind下定决心;change one’s mind改变主意
12. too much / too many / much‑too辨析
too much +不可数名词,例:too much water太多水
too many +可数名词复数,例:too many trees许多树
much too + adj./adv.,例:much too high太高
13. reply n.回复;repeat v.重复
14. make my bed = make the bed铺床
15. life n.生命;生活
可数:生命 save one’s life挽救某人生命;不可数:生活 in one’s life在某人一生中;live a/an … life过……的生活
16. hurry v.匆忙
hurry to sp匆忙去往某地,例:hurry to school匆忙去上学;hurry to do sth急忙做某事,例:hurry to go to school急忙赶去上学;in a hurry匆忙地;hurry up快点
17. one’s own thing属于某人自己的事物,例:my own clothes我自己的衣服
18. discuss v.讨论→discussion n.讨论;choose v.选择→choice n.选择(make a choice做选择)
19. fight with…与……打架;walk the dog遛狗;be good with = get on well with = get along well与……相处好
20. hang up挂断电话;悬挂;hang out闲逛
21. let my desk get untidy使我的书桌变得凌乱(get +形容词:变得……)
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