Unit 1 Life choices 语法填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版九年级下册

**基本信息** 以“人与自我——人生选择”人物故事为载体，分基础与拔高模块系统训练语法填空，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|4篇（如张仲景、刘传健事迹）|基础语法应用，考查动词时态、名词、代词等|从基础词法（如today→today's）到简单句法（如定语从句）递进| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|6篇（如张桂梅、钱学森事迹）|复杂语法综合，涉及比较级、非谓语、从句等|结合人生选择主题深化语法点，如通过人物决策考查名词（decision）、非谓语（to manage）|

Unit 1 Life choices 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与自我——人生选择） 参考答案 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1.was 2.today’s 3.an 4.from 5.carefully 6.collected 7.called 8.greatest 9.contributions 10.as Passage 2 1.who/that 2.flew 3.a 4.completely 5.at/in 6.but 7.decision 8.to land 9.were saved 10.most important Passage 3 1.bravery 2.flight 3.to pay 4.alone 5.for 6.an 7.as 8.wisdom 9.pilots 10.has taught Passage 4 1.an 2.himself 3.experiments 4.least 5.joylessly 6.doing 7.has replied 8.to manage 9.including 10.but 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1.better 2.to decide 3.from 4.about/of 5.To do/Doing 6.that/whether/if 7.yourself/yourselves 8.picking 9.worried 10.opinions Passage 2 1.for 2.violinist 3.were lost 4.practicing 5.However 6.If 7.understanding 8.completely 9.its 10.what Passage 3 1.devoting 2.lost 3.helping 4.that 5.realise/to realise 6.to wake 7.illnesses 8.herself 9.whom/who/that 10.who Passage 4 1.his 2.translated 3.to study 4.actively 5.materials 6.British 7.a 8.better 9.like 10.if Passage 5 1.has performed 2.a 3.was used 4.its 5.textbooks 6.and 7.Recently 8.spreading 9.into 10.to teach Passage 6 1.greatest 2.first 3.helped 4.took 5.an 6 .as 7.to return 8.leaving 9.projects 10.successfully 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Life choices 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与自我——人生选择） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Zhang Zhongjing (about 150 AD-219 AD), also named Zhang Ji, 1 (be) a well-known doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He lived in 2 (today) Nanyang, Henan Province. Zhang Zhongjing had 3 interest in medicine when he was a child. At 10, he began to learn 4 his uncle Zhang Bozu, a local doctor. He studied ancient medical books 5 (careful). He learned different medical methods, 6 (collect) many prescriptions (方剂), and practised medicine with high moral standards. He wrote a book 7 (call) Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases (《伤寒杂病论》). It’s one of the 8 (great) medical books in Chinese history. Zhang Zhongjing has won high respect because he made great 9 (contribution) to traditional Chinese medicine, and he is known 10 the “Medical Sage”. Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Do you know Liu Chuanjian? He is a great pilot 1 is considered as a hero. On May 14th, 2018, he 2 (fly) Flight 3U8633 from Chongqing to Lhasa. About 40 minutes after take-off, 3 loud bang shocked everyone. The windshield in front of the co-pilot suddenly broke 4 (complete). The temperature dropped to minus 40 degrees Celsius. Strong winds roared through the cockpit. Passengers 5 the back started to cry. It was very cold and noisy, 6 Liu stayed calm. He knew he had to make the right 7 (decide). With great care and courage, he managed 8 (land) the plane safely. All 128 people on the plane 9 (save). Later, Liu said, “I was just doing my job. That’s what I was trained to do.” His story tells us that the 10 (important) thing in that situation is to stay calm. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Amelia Earhart is one of the most famous pilots in history. Born in 1897, she showed great 1 (brave) as a child. Even as a girl, she climbed trees and caught rats—anything other girls did not dare. After she took her first 2 (fly) in a small plane, flying became her life's dream. Her parents supported her and never said "this is not for girls". She worked hard 3 (pay) for her own flying lessons. In 1932, she flew across the Atlantic 4 (one), becoming the first woman to do it. It was amazing 5 a woman to achieve that so long ago. She was such 6 inspiring person that crowds came to hear her speak. Soon people regarded her 7 a pioneer of the sky. She wrote a book about her trips, and gave talks to share what she had seen. Curiosity and 8 (wise), she believed, were the wings of every explorer. Many young 9 (pilot) followed her into the sky after that. Since then, her story 10 (teach) millions of girls that dreams can come true. Today, when a girl looks up at the universe of stars, her spirit still flies with her. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines” (中国核潜艇之父), spent all his life working to build the nation’s underwater defence (防御) system. Born into a poor family, he showed 1 exceptional (非凡的) gift from an early age. At that time, China had little experience in this field, so he put 2 (he) to work fully and led his team to do a number of dangerous 3 (experiment) to test the submarine’s safety. For thirty years, Huang returned home only at 4 (little) once a year, missing his children’s growth and family meetings, which made his family live 5 (joy) without knowing his disappearance. Finally, in 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine set sail successfully—the moment that made the whole nation cheer. When reporters asked him about his feelings, he said, “I feel lucky to have spent my life 6 something meaningful for my country.” Over the past years, he 7 (reply) countless times that he has no regrets about his choice back then. “It’s all worth it for our country’s greatness.” He often encouraged young scientists, “The key to success is trying your best 8 (manage), even when facing difficulties.” In his old years, Huang still kept at what he loved most, 9 (include) guiding young researchers and sharing his valuable experience. His story tells us that true greatness lies not in name, 10 in quietly following one’s heart. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Life is full of choices and decisions. Here are some steps to help you make wise decisions. First, it’s 1 (good) to make a decision quickly than avoid it for a month, because you’re afraid of choosing. It’s very tiring to think things over but fail 2 (decide) in time. Also, some choices usually have time limits . So to keep your brain away 3 getting too tired, you needn’t think about the cost of every single choice. Narrow down (筛选) the list and try comparing only the best two or three. Next, think 4 the value and cost of each choice. 5 (do) that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages. This way you can know 6 one huge advantage is more important than many small disadvantages. Then, stay calm and give 7 (you) some space. You don’t want to delay (延迟) for weeks, but if you’re about to make a hasty (仓促的) decision, you may end up 8 (pick) something you regret. You’ll need at least one night to “sleep on it”. And you don’t have to make a decision alone. Why? Because it’s good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as 9 (worry) as you. Consider their ideas even if they are not what you want to hear. You need to think about different 10 (opinion) so that you will make a wise decision. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Blake Miller is a well-known and busy businessman. One day, he managed to spare some time and went with his father to a nice restaurant 1 a meal.   When they walked into the restaurant, they heard beautiful violin music. A 2 (violin) was playing with all her heart. All the customers in the restaurant 3 (lose) in the wonderful music. Miller remembered that he had once been crazy about the violin. Back then, he would spend a lot of time 4 (practice) the violin every day. Every time he played, he could feel the joy and satisfaction deep in his heart. 5 , he had to give up his beloved violin in order to pursue (追求) his career (事业).   At this moment, he couldn’t help but say to his father, “ 6 I had kept up with the violin, maybe I would be playing here now.” “Yes, my child,” his father nodded, his eyes full of love and 7 (understand). Then his father continued slowly, “But in that case, you wouldn’t be dining here now.”     Life is full of different choices. People can take 8 (complete) different paths and live quite different lives. But everyone should keep this in mind: There is no “if” in life and every choice has 9 (it) meaning. The best thing to do is to appreciate 10 we have in the present moment. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zhang Guimei is a true hero in the hearts of many Chinese people. She is a teacher 1 (devote) her life to education in the mountainous areas of Yunnan Province. Zhang was born in 1957. She 2 (lose) her parents at a young age and had a difficult childhood. However, these experiences didn’t stop her from 3 (help) others. In 2008, she founded the first free high school for girls 4 is located in Huaping County. Since then, she has helped over 2,000 girls from poor families 5 (realise) their dreams of going to college. Every morning, Zhang wakes up at 5 a.m. and uses a loudspeaker 6 (wake) the students up. She walks through the school with a flashlight, checking every classroom. Her health is not good, and she suffers from more than 20 7 (illness). But she never thinks about 8 (she). “I am not just a headmaster. I am a mother to these children,” she says. The girls 9 she has helped now work in different fields across the country. They are all grateful to “Mother Zhang”. Her story shows us that a true hero is someone 10 never gives up and always thinks of others first. Passage 4 Xu Yuanchong was a famous Chinese translator. He was well-known for translating ancient Chinese poems into English and French. When he was in college, he started 1 (he) translation journey. In 1939, he 2 (translate) a poem by Lin Huiyin Don’t Cast Away. In the late 1940s, he went to France 3 (study) French literature. Then he came back to China and worked at Peking University. He kept doing translation work 4 (active). He was the first Chinese to translate Chinese poetry into English and French. He once said, “The greatest joy is to show the beauty of China to the whole world.” Thirty of his translations were used as teaching 5 (material) in foreign universities. In 1994, a 6 (Britain) publishing company published his 300 China’s Immortal Poems 《中国不朽诗篇三百首》. It is the first time that a Chinese translator’s work has been published by such 7 company. He also translated many famous English and French books into Chinese. In 2010, he got “the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation” from the Translators Association of China. For many years, Xu’s translations have been a bridge between the East and West. They helps foreign readers understand Chinese literature 8 (good) than before. At the same time, Chinese readers can enjoy foreign works just 9 reading Chinese ones. Xu Yuanchong never gave up the love for translation, even when he was old. He told us that 10 we loved something and worked hard for it, we could do great things. No matter how old we are, we should keep chasing our dreams and learning new things. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Peijie,71, 1 (perform) Haian flower-drum dances for more than 50 years. Haian flower-drum dance dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), with 2 history of more than 400 years. It 3 (use) for showing the peaceful lives of local fisherwomen in the past. Many of 4 (it) movements came from daily life and express good feelings. Yang started to learn the dance from old artists in the 1960s. At that time, people could only learn it this way. There were no 5 (textbook). Worrying it might get lost, Yang spent five years studying the dance 6 recorded the movements in detail (细节). He visited almost all the local artists and wrote a book about it. 7 (recent), Yang has paid attention to 8 (spread) the dance among all age groups. He sets up a team to work on this. The team members visit about eight schools each year to teach students. To interest kids, they divide difficult movements 9 several simple ones. They also go to neighborhoods and parks 90 (teach) older people. “I don’t want to see the art failing to be passed down from me,” Yang said. Passage 6 Qian Xuesen was one of the 1 (great) Chinese scientists of modern times. People call him the “father of China’s space program” for the work he did in helping develop the country’s 2 (one) rockets, missiles and satellites. He has 3 (help) China become a center of technology and enter a new space age ever since then. Qian was born in Shanghai in 1911. He went to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and then 4 (take) a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the USA in 1935. From there, he moved to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he became 5 expert (专家) in aerodynamics (空气动力学) and jet propulsion (喷气推进). One of his university teachers at Caltech regarded him 6 a genius. In 1950, he decided 7 (return) to China, but the American government tried to stop him from 8 (leave) and even from moving around freely in California. At last, in 1955, he was able to return to China. Back home, Qian at once began helping China develop a space program. He started the Institute of Mechanics in Beijing, where he trained young scientists. He worked on many important space 9 (project). In 1960, China’s first rocket and first missile were launched 10 (successful). In 1970, China launched its first satellite. It is largely because of Qian’s work that China so quickly developed a space program, and became only the third country to send a manned rocket into space in 2003. He will always be remembered for his great contributions. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Life choices 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与自我——人生选择） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Zhang Zhongjing (about 150 AD-219 AD), also named Zhang Ji, 1 (be) a well-known doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He lived in 2 (today) Nanyang, Henan Province. Zhang Zhongjing had 3 interest in medicine when he was a child. At 10, he began to learn 4 his uncle Zhang Bozu, a local doctor. He studied ancient medical books 5 (careful). He learned different medical methods, 6 (collect) many prescriptions (方剂), and practised medicine with high moral standards. He wrote a book 7 (call) Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases (《伤寒杂病论》). It’s one of the 8 (great) medical books in Chinese history. Zhang Zhongjing has won high respect because he made great 9 (contribution) to traditional Chinese medicine, and he is known 10 the “Medical Sage”. 【答案】 1．was 2．today’s 3．an 4．from 5．carefully 6．collected 7．called 8．greatest 9．contributions 10．as 【导语】本文通过讲述张仲景的生平事迹，强调了他对传统中医的巨大贡献以及后世对他的高度尊重，指出他被称为“医圣”的核心原因。 【详解】 1．句意：张仲景（约公元150-219年），又名张机，是东汉时期一位著名的医生。“Zhang Zhongjing (about 150 AD-219 AD), also named Zhang Ji”表明主语为单数，且描述的是过去的状态，应用一般过去时，故填was。 2．句意：他住在今天的河南省南阳。句中“He lived in”后接地点，结合提示词“today”推导出此处表达“今天的”含义，应用名词所有格。 3．句意：张仲景小时候对医学产生了兴趣。“interest”为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词，结合“interest”以元音音素开头，故填an。 4．句意：10岁时，他开始向他的叔叔张伯祖学习，一位当地医生。此处表达“向……学习”的含义，构成固定搭配“learn from”。 5．句意：他仔细研究古代医学书籍。句中“studied”为动词，需用副词修饰，结合提示词“careful”推导出此处表达“仔细地”含义，应用其副词形式。 6．句意：他学习了不同的医疗方法，收集了许多方剂，并以高尚的道德标准行医。句中“learned”和“practised”为并列谓语，时态为一般过去时，应用其过去式。 7．句意：他写了一本书，名为《伤寒杂病论》。句中“a book”后接后置定语，此处表达“被称为”含义，应用其过去分词形式。 8．句意：这是中国历史上最伟大的医学书籍之一。句中“one of the”后接形容词最高级，故填greatest。 9．句意：张仲景赢得了高度的尊重，因为他为传统中医做出了巨大贡献，并且他被称为“医圣”。此处表达“做出巨大贡献”，固定短语“make great contributions to”。 10．句意：并且他被称为“医圣”。此处表达“作为……而闻名”的含义，构成固定搭配“be known as”。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Do you know Liu Chuanjian? He is a great pilot 1 is considered as a hero. On May 14th, 2018, he 2 (fly) Flight 3U8633 from Chongqing to Lhasa. About 40 minutes after take-off, 3 loud bang shocked everyone. The windshield in front of the co-pilot suddenly broke 4 (complete). The temperature dropped to minus 40 degrees Celsius. Strong winds roared through the cockpit. Passengers 5 the back started to cry. It was very cold and noisy, 6 Liu stayed calm. He knew he had to make the right 7 (decide). With great care and courage, he managed 8 (land) the plane safely. All 128 people on the plane 9 (save). Later, Liu said, “I was just doing my job. That’s what I was trained to do.” His story tells us that the 10 (important) thing in that situation is to stay calm. 【答案】 1．who/that 2．flew 3．a 4．completely 5．at/in 6．but 7．decision 8．to land 9．were saved 10．most important 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英雄机长刘传健在2018年5月14日驾驶3U8633航班时，面对挡风玻璃破裂、低温、强风等极端险情，沉着冷静成功备降，保全了机上128人生命的感人事迹。 【详解】 1．句意：他是一位伟大的飞行员，被认为是一位英雄。此处引导定语从句，先行词为“pilot”，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 2．句意：2018年5月14日，他驾驶3U8633航班从重庆飞往拉萨。根据时间状语“On May 14th, 2018”可知，应用一般过去时，fly的过去式为flew。故填flew。 3．句意：起飞大约40分钟后，一声巨响震惊了所有人。此处泛指“一声巨响”，且“loud”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．句意：副驾驶前方的挡风玻璃突然完全破碎了。修饰动词“broke”应用副词，complete的副词为completely，意为“完全地”。故填completely。 5．句意：后面的乘客开始哭泣。表示“在……后面”可用at the back或in the back，二者均为固定搭配，意为“在后面”。其中“at the back”更强调位置点，“in the back”更强调在内部靠后的区域。结合语境，乘客坐在飞机后部，两种表达均符合英语习惯。故填in/at。 6．句意：天气非常寒冷和嘈杂，但刘保持了冷静。前后句为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 7．句意：他知道他必须做出正确的决定。“make a decision”为固定搭配，意为“做决定”，decide的名词为decision，由“the right”修饰用单数。故填decision。 8．句意：他凭着极大的细心和勇气，设法安全着陆了飞机。“manage to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“设法做某事”，应用不定式。故填to land。 9．句意：飞机上全部128人获救了。主语“All 128 people”与“save”之间为被动关系，且描述过去事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，save的过去分词为saved。故填were saved。 10．句意：他的故事告诉我们，在那种情况下最重要的事情是保持冷静。根据语境“in that situation”可知，此处表示“最重要的”，应用形容词最高级，important的最高级为most important。故填most important。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Amelia Earhart is one of the most famous pilots in history. Born in 1897, she showed great 1 (brave) as a child. Even as a girl, she climbed trees and caught rats—anything other girls did not dare. After she took her first 2 (fly) in a small plane, flying became her life's dream. Her parents supported her and never said "this is not for girls". She worked hard 3 (pay) for her own flying lessons. In 1932, she flew across the Atlantic 4 (one), becoming the first woman to do it. It was amazing 5 a woman to achieve that so long ago. She was such 6 inspiring person that crowds came to hear her speak. Soon people regarded her 7 a pioneer of the sky. She wrote a book about her trips, and gave talks to share what she had seen. Curiosity and 8 (wise), she believed, were the wings of every explorer. Many young 9 (pilot) followed her into the sky after that. Since then, her story 10 (teach) millions of girls that dreams can come true. Today, when a girl looks up at the universe of stars, her spirit still flies with her. 【答案】 1．bravery 2．flight 3．to pay 4．alone 5．for 6．an 7．as 8．wisdom 9．pilots 10．has taught 【导语】本文介绍著名女飞行员阿梅莉亚・埃尔哈特，讲述她从小勇敢追梦，成为飞行先驱，激励无数女孩勇敢追逐梦想的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：她出生于1897年，小时候就展现出极大的勇气。形容词great后需要接名词，brave的名词形式为bravery。 2．句意：在第一次乘坐小型飞机飞行之后，飞行成了她一生的梦想。形容词first后面接名词，fly的名词形式 flight，表示 “飞行”。 3．句意：她努力工作来支付自己的飞行课程费用。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力工作的目的。故填to pay。 4．句意：1932年，她独自飞越大西洋，成为做到这件事的第一位女性。此处需要副词修饰动词flew，one的副词alone表示“独自地”。 5．句意：在很久以前一位女性能取得那样的成就，真是令人惊叹。It was amazing for sb.. to do sth.，表示“对某人来说做某事令人惊叹”。 6．句意：她是如此鼓舞人心的一个人，以至于大批人群前来听她演讲。such后面接不定冠词，inspiring以元音音素开头，用an。 7．句意：很快人们把她看作天空领域的先驱。regard sb as...意为 “把某人看作……”。 8．句意：她相信，好奇心与智慧是每一位探险家的翅膀。and连接并列名词，wise的名词形式wisdom。 9．句意：在那之后，许多年轻飞行员追随她飞向蓝天。many后面接可数名词复数，pilot复数pilots。 10．句意：从那以后，她的故事已经教会数百万女孩梦想可以成真。since then是现在完成时标志，主语story为单数，故用has taught。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines” (中国核潜艇之父), spent all his life working to build the nation’s underwater defence (防御) system. Born into a poor family, he showed 1 exceptional (非凡的) gift from an early age. At that time, China had little experience in this field, so he put 2 (he) to work fully and led his team to do a number of dangerous 3 (experiment) to test the submarine’s safety. For thirty years, Huang returned home only at 4 (little) once a year, missing his children’s growth and family meetings, which made his family live 5 (joy) without knowing his disappearance. Finally, in 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine set sail successfully—the moment that made the whole nation cheer. When reporters asked him about his feelings, he said, “I feel lucky to have spent my life 6 something meaningful for my country.” Over the past years, he 7 (reply) countless times that he has no regrets about his choice back then. “It’s all worth it for our country’s greatness.” He often encouraged young scientists, “The key to success is trying your best 8 (manage), even when facing difficulties.” In his old years, Huang still kept at what he loved most, 9 (include) guiding young researchers and sharing his valuable experience. His story tells us that true greatness lies not in name, 10 in quietly following one’s heart. 【答案】 1．an 2．himself 3．experiments 4．least 5．joylessly 6．doing 7．has replied 8．to manage 9．including 10．but 【导语】本文介绍了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平事迹。文章讲述了他出身贫寒却天赋异禀，为了国家的核潜艇事业隐姓埋名三十年，甚至错过了家人的陪伴。尽管工作充满危险且与家人聚少离多，但他从未后悔。晚年他依然致力于指导年轻科研人员，他的故事告诉我们真正的伟大在于追随内心。 【详解】 1．句意：他出生在一个贫穷的家庭，但从很小的时候就展现出了非凡的天赋。此处修饰名词“gift”，且“exceptional”是以元音音素开头的单词，表示“一个非凡的天赋”，应用不定冠词an。 2．句意：那时，中国在这个领域几乎没有经验，所以他全身心投入工作……。短语“put oneself to work”意为“投入工作/开始工作”。主语是“he”，对应的反身代词是 himself。 3．句意：……带领他的团队做了一系列危险的实验来测试潜艇的安全性。“a number of”意为“许多”，后接可数名词复数形式。“experiment”意为“实验”，其复数形式为 experiments。 4．句意： 三十年来，黄旭华每年至少回家一次……。短语“at least”意为“至少”，是固定搭配。“little”的最高级是“least”。 5．句意：……这让他的家人在不知道他的失踪情况下过着不快乐的生活。 根据上下文可知，黄旭华为了工作隐姓埋名，三十年间很少回家，甚至让家人不知道他的去向，这种长期的分离和担忧使得家人的生活显然是不快乐、充满忧愁的。此处修饰动词“live”，应用副词形式；“joy”意为“快乐”，其形容词为joyful，反义词为joyless，副词形式为 joylessly，符合语境。 6．句意：我感到幸运，因为我花了一生的时间为我的国家做有意义的事情。句型“spend time/life (in) doing sth.”意为“花费时间/生命做某事”。此处介词in省略，后接动名词形式。 7．句意：在过去的几年里，他无数次回答说他对当时的选择没有后悔。根据时间状语“Over the past years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语是“he”，助动词用has，“reply”的过去分词是replied。 8．句意：成功的关键是尽你最大的努力去应对，即使面对困难时也是如此。句型“try one’s best to do sth.”意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。 9．句意：晚年，黄旭华仍然坚持着他最热爱的事业，包括指导年轻研究人员和分享他宝贵的经验。此处“include”与其逻辑主语“Huang”或者是前面的整个情况之间是主动关系，且作为伴随状语或补充说明，应用现在分词形式。 10．句意：他的故事告诉我们，真正的伟大不在于名声，而在于静静地追随自己的内心。句型“not... but...”意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的成分，but符合语境。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Life is full of choices and decisions. Here are some steps to help you make wise decisions. First, it’s 1 (good) to make a decision quickly than avoid it for a month, because you’re afraid of choosing. It’s very tiring to think things over but fail 2 (decide) in time. Also, some choices usually have time limits . So to keep your brain away 3 getting too tired, you needn’t think about the cost of every single choice. Narrow down (筛选) the list and try comparing only the best two or three. Next, think 4 the value and cost of each choice. 5 (do) that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages. This way you can know 6 one huge advantage is more important than many small disadvantages. Then, stay calm and give 7 (you) some space. You don’t want to delay (延迟) for weeks, but if you’re about to make a hasty (仓促的) decision, you may end up 8 (pick) something you regret. You’ll need at least one night to “sleep on it”. And you don’t have to make a decision alone. Why? Because it’s good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as 9 (worry) as you. Consider their ideas even if they are not what you want to hear. You need to think about different 10 (opinion) so that you will make a wise decision. 【答案】 1．better 2．to decide 3．from 4．about/of 5．To do/Doing 6．that/whether/if 7．yourself/yourselves 8．picking 9．worried 10．opinions 【导语】本文介绍了一些帮助人们做出明智决定的步骤。 【详解】 1．句意：快速做决定比因为害怕选择而逃避一个月要好，因为反复思考却没能及时做决定是非常累人的。根据后面的“than”可知此处需要一个形容词的比较级，good的比较级是better。 2．句意：此外，有些选择通常是有时间限制的。fail to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“未能做某事”。 3．句意：所以，为了避免大脑过度疲劳，你不必考虑每一个选择的代价。keep away from是固定短语，意为 “使……远离”。 4．句意：接下来，思考每个选择的价值与成本。结合句意可知此空是“考虑”的意思，think about/of都有“考虑”的意思。 5．句意：要做到这一点/在做这件事时，你可以列一个优缺点清单。结合句意可知是为了做那件事，动词不定式to do可以表目的，可填To do；同时，也可以理解为“做那件事”，用动名词Doing作主语，可填Doing。 6．句意：这样你就能知道，一个巨大的优势是否比许多小缺点更重要。结合句意此处在句中表示“是否”的语义，用if/whether都可以引导宾语从句表示“是否”；that引导陈述事实的宾语从句，本身无实义，可省略。此处理解为“通过这种方式，你会明白一个巨大的优势比许多小缺点更重要。”，语义也合理。所以可以填that/if/whether。 7．句意：然后，保持冷静，给自己一些空间。结合句意可知此处是反身代词作give的宾语，与主语you形成对应，反身代词可以是yourself（你自己）或yourselves（你们自己）。 8．句意：你不想拖延几周，但如果你要仓促做决定，最终可能会选到让自己后悔的东西。end up doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“最终做某事”。 9．句意：因为从不像你那么焦虑的人那里获得新的想法是件好事。“as +形容词原级+as”结构中，表示“和……一样”，“worry”的形容词worried“担心的”。 10．句意：你需要考虑不同的观点，这样才能做出明智的决定。different后接可数名词复数，表示“不同的意见”opinion是可数名词，复数形式为opinions。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Blake Miller is a well-known and busy businessman. One day, he managed to spare some time and went with his father to a nice restaurant 1 a meal.   When they walked into the restaurant, they heard beautiful violin music. A 2 (violin) was playing with all her heart. All the customers in the restaurant 3 (lose) in the wonderful music. Miller remembered that he had once been crazy about the violin. Back then, he would spend a lot of time 4 (practice) the violin every day. Every time he played, he could feel the joy and satisfaction deep in his heart. 5 , he had to give up his beloved violin in order to pursue (追求) his career (事业).   At this moment, he couldn’t help but say to his father, “ 6 I had kept up with the violin, maybe I would be playing here now.” “Yes, my child,” his father nodded, his eyes full of love and 7 (understand). Then his father continued slowly, “But in that case, you wouldn’t be dining here now.”     Life is full of different choices. People can take 8 (complete) different paths and live quite different lives. But everyone should keep this in mind: There is no “if” in life and every choice has 9 (it) meaning. The best thing to do is to appreciate 10 we have in the present moment. 【答案】 1．for 2．violinist 3．were lost 4．practicing 5．However 6．If 7．understanding 8．completely 9．its 10．what 【导语】本文讲述了一位成功商人在餐厅用餐时，因音乐感慨过往梦想的故事，旨在表达对于过往选择不必遗憾，应珍惜当下。 【详解】 1．句意：有一天，他抽出时间和父亲一起去一家不错的餐馆吃饭。根据“he managed to spare some time and went with his father to a nice restaurant…a meal.”可知是指去一家不错的餐馆吃饭。for a meal“吃饭”，故填for。 2．句意：一位小提琴家正全身心地演奏。根据“was playing with all her heart”可知主语是单数名词，表示“小提琴家”用violinist，故填violinist。 3．句意：餐馆里所有的顾客都沉浸在美妙的音乐中。be lost in“沉浸在”，主语是复数名词，时态为一般过去时，be动词用were。故填were lost。 4．句意：那时候，他每天都会花很多时间练习小提琴。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，故填practicing。 5．句意：然而，他不得不放弃他心爱的小提琴去追求他的事业。此处表示转折关系，逗号隔开，However“然而”符合，故填However。 6．句意：如果我一直坚持拉小提琴，也许我现在就会在这里演奏。”根据“maybe I would be playing here now”可知此处是如果我一直坚持拉小提琴，if“如果”，故填If。 7．句意：他父亲点了点头，眼里充满了爱和理解。根据“his eyes full of love and…”可知此处用名词作宾语，表示“理解”用understanding，是不可数名词，故填understanding。 8．句意：人们可以走完全不同的道路，过着截然不同的生活。此处用副词completely修饰形容词different，故填completely。 9．句意：但每个人都应该记住这一点：生活中没有“如果”，每个选择都有其意义。根据“meaning”可知此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词，故填its。 10．句意：最好的事情就是欣赏我们此刻所拥有的。根据“we have in the present moment”可知此处是宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故填what。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zhang Guimei is a true hero in the hearts of many Chinese people. She is a teacher 1 (devote) her life to education in the mountainous areas of Yunnan Province. Zhang was born in 1957. She 2 (lose) her parents at a young age and had a difficult childhood. However, these experiences didn’t stop her from 3 (help) others. In 2008, she founded the first free high school for girls 4 is located in Huaping County. Since then, she has helped over 2,000 girls from poor families 5 (realise) their dreams of going to college. Every morning, Zhang wakes up at 5 a.m. and uses a loudspeaker 6 (wake) the students up. She walks through the school with a flashlight, checking every classroom. Her health is not good, and she suffers from more than 20 7 (illness). But she never thinks about 8 (she). “I am not just a headmaster. I am a mother to these children,” she says. The girls 9 she has helped now work in different fields across the country. They are all grateful to “Mother Zhang”. Her story shows us that a true hero is someone 10 never gives up and always thinks of others first. 【答案】 1．devoting 2．lost 3．helping 4．that 5．realise/to realise 6．to wake 7．illnesses 8．herself 9．whom/who/that 10．who 【导语】本文讲述了张桂梅致力于云南山区教育，创办免费女子高中，帮助贫困女孩实现梦想的感人事迹。 【详解】 1．句意：她是一名将毕生奉献给云南山区教育事业的教师。teacher与devote之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，填devoting。 2．句意：她年幼时失去了父母，童年艰难。根据“at a young age”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式lost。 3．句意：然而，这些经历并没有阻止她帮助他人。介词from后接动名词作宾语，填helping。 4．句意：2008年，她创办了第一所位于华坪县的免费女子高中。先行词“the first free high school”有序数词“first”修饰，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 5．句意：从那以后，她帮助了2000多名贫困女孩实现上大学的梦想。help sb (to) do sth为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，填realise/to realise。 6．句意：每天早上，张5点起床，用扩音器叫醒学生。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，填to wake。 7．句意：她的身体不好，患有20多种疾病。空前有数字20，空处应用名词复数形式，填illnesses。 8．句意：但她从来没有考虑过自己。主语是she，宾语指代主语本身，应用反身代词，she的反身代词是herself。 9．句意：她帮助过的女孩们现在在全国各地不同的领域工作。先行词是The girls，指人，从句中helped缺宾语，因此可用who/whom/that引导定语从句。 10．句意：她的故事告诉我们，真正的英雄是永不放弃、总是先为他人着想的人。先行词是不定代词someone，指人，此时关系代词只能用who。 Passage 4 Xu Yuanchong was a famous Chinese translator. He was well-known for translating ancient Chinese poems into English and French. When he was in college, he started 1 (he) translation journey. In 1939, he 2 (translate) a poem by Lin Huiyin Don’t Cast Away. In the late 1940s, he went to France 3 (study) French literature. Then he came back to China and worked at Peking University. He kept doing translation work 4 (active). He was the first Chinese to translate Chinese poetry into English and French. He once said, “The greatest joy is to show the beauty of China to the whole world.” Thirty of his translations were used as teaching 5 (material) in foreign universities. In 1994, a 6 (Britain) publishing company published his 300 China’s Immortal Poems 《中国不朽诗篇三百首》. It is the first time that a Chinese translator’s work has been published by such 7 company. He also translated many famous English and French books into Chinese. In 2010, he got “the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation” from the Translators Association of China. For many years, Xu’s translations have been a bridge between the East and West. They helps foreign readers understand Chinese literature 8 (good) than before. At the same time, Chinese readers can enjoy foreign works just 9 reading Chinese ones. Xu Yuanchong never gave up the love for translation, even when he was old. He told us that 10 we loved something and worked hard for it, we could do great things. No matter how old we are, we should keep chasing our dreams and learning new things. 【答案】 1．his 2．translated 3．to study 4．actively 5．materials 6．British 7．a 8．better 9．like 10．if 【导语】本文介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲的生平事迹，包括他的翻译历程、主要成就、翻译作品的影响以及他秉持的信念，展现了他为中外文化交流所做的贡献。 【详解】 1．句意：他上大学时，开始了他的翻译之旅。根据“he...translation journey”可知，修饰名词短语translation journey要用形容词性物主代词，he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。 2．句意：1939年，他翻译了林徽因的一首诗《别丢掉》。根据时间状语“In 1939”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词translate要用过去式translated。故填translated。 3．句意：20世纪40年代末，他去法国学习法国文学。根据“he went to France...French literature”可知，去法国的目的是学习法国文学，要用动词不定式to study表目的。故填to study。 4．句意：他一直积极地从事翻译工作。根据“He kept doing translation work...”可知，修饰动词doing要用副词，active的副词形式是actively。故填actively。 5．句意：他的三十篇译作被用作国外大学的教学材料。根据“Thirty of his poems were used as teaching...”可知，material作“材料”讲时是可数名词，前面有Thirty“三十篇译作”对应的教学材料，要用复数形式materials。故填materials。 6．句意：1994年，一家英国出版公司出版了他的《中国不朽诗篇三百首》。根据“a...publishing company”可知，修饰名词短语publishing company要用形容词，Britain的形容词形式是British。故填British。 7．句意：这是中国翻译家的作品首次被这样的公司出版。根据“such...company”可知，such后接单数可数名词时，需加不定冠词；company是以辅音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．句意：它们帮助外国读者比以前更好地理解中国文学。根据“understand Chinese literature...than before”可知，句中有than，要用比较级；修饰动词understand要用副词，good的副词比较级是better。故填better。 9．句意：同时，中国读者可以像读中文作品一样欣赏外国作品。根据“Chinese readers can enjoy foreign works just...reading Chinese ones”可知，此处考查just like doing sth.“就像做某事一样”，要用介词like。故填like。 10．句意：他告诉我们，如果我们热爱某件事并为之努力，我们就能成就伟大的事业。根据“...we loved something and worked hard for it, we could do great things”可知，前后句是条件关系，要用连词if“如果”引导条件状语从句。故填if。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Peijie,71, 1 (perform) Haian flower-drum dances for more than 50 years. Haian flower-drum dance dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), with 2 history of more than 400 years. It 3 (use) for showing the peaceful lives of local fisherwomen in the past. Many of 4 (it) movements came from daily life and express good feelings. Yang started to learn the dance from old artists in the 1960s. At that time, people could only learn it this way. There were no 5 (textbook). Worrying it might get lost, Yang spent five years studying the dance 6 recorded the movements in detail (细节). He visited almost all the local artists and wrote a book about it. 7 (recent), Yang has paid attention to 8 (spread) the dance among all age groups. He sets up a team to work on this. The team members visit about eight schools each year to teach students. To interest kids, they divide difficult movements 9 several simple ones. They also go to neighborhoods and parks 90 (teach) older people. “I don’t want to see the art failing to be passed down from me,” Yang said. 【答案】 1．has performed 2．a 3．was used 4．its 5．textbooks 6．and 7．Recently 8． spreading 9．into 10．to teach 【导语】本文介绍了71岁的杨培杰致力于传承海安花鼓舞的故事，讲述了该舞蹈的历史渊源、杨培杰整理记录动作的经历以及他近年来通过进校园和社区推广这一非物质文化遗产的努力。 【详解】 1．句意：71岁的杨培杰表演海安花鼓舞已经50多年了。根据时间状语“for more than 50 years”可知，需用现在完成时，主语“Yang Peijie”是第三人称单数，填“has performed”。 2．句意：海安花鼓舞追溯到明朝，有400多年的历史。“a history of...”是固定搭配，意为“……的历史”，此处表示泛指一段历史，填不定冠词“a”。 3．句意：在过去，它被用来展示当地渔妇的平静生活。根据时间状语“in the past”可知，需用一般过去时；主语“It”与动词“use”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填“was used”。 4．句意：它的许多动作来自日常生活并表达美好的情感。此处修饰名词“movements”，需用形容词性物主代词，“it”的形容词性物主代词为“its”。 5．句意：那时没有教科书。根据谓语动词“were”可知，主语需用复数形式，“textbook”的复数为“textbooks”。 6．句意：担心它会失传，杨花了五年时间研究这种舞蹈，并详细记录了动作。前后两个谓语动词spent和recorded是并列或顺承关系，填连词“and”。 7．句意：最近，杨注意向所有年龄段的人推广这种舞蹈。此处修饰整个句子或动词短语，需用副词形式，“recent”的副词形式为“Recently”，句首首字母大写。 8．句意：最近，杨注意向所有年龄段的人推广这种舞蹈。“pay attention to”后接动名词作宾语，“spread”的动名词形式为“spreading”。 9．句意：为了吸引孩子们，他们将难的动作分解成几个简单的动作。“divide... into...”是固定搭配，意为“把……分成……”，填介词“into”。 10．句意：他们还去社区和公园教老年人。此处表示目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语，填“to teach”。 Passage 6 Qian Xuesen was one of the 1 (great) Chinese scientists of modern times. People call him the “father of China’s space program” for the work he did in helping develop the country’s 2 (one) rockets, missiles and satellites. He has 3 (help) China become a center of technology and enter a new space age ever since then. Qian was born in Shanghai in 1911. He went to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and then 4 (take) a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the USA in 1935. From there, he moved to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he became 5 expert (专家) in aerodynamics (空气动力学) and jet propulsion (喷气推进). One of his university teachers at Caltech regarded him 6 a genius. In 1950, he decided 7 (return) to China, but the American government tried to stop him from 8 (leave) and even from moving around freely in California. At last, in 1955, he was able to return to China. Back home, Qian at once began helping China develop a space program. He started the Institute of Mechanics in Beijing, where he trained young scientists. He worked on many important space 9 (project). In 1960, China’s first rocket and first missile were launched 10 (successful). In 1970, China launched its first satellite. It is largely because of Qian’s work that China so quickly developed a space program, and became only the third country to send a manned rocket into space in 2003. He will always be remembered for his great contributions. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．first 3．helped 4．took 5．an 6．as 7．to return 8．leaving 9．projects 10．successfully 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了钱学森的生平经历，介绍了他求学归国，投身中国航天事业，做出巨大贡献的事迹，赞扬了他的爱国精神与卓越贡献。 【详解】 1．句意：钱学森是近代最伟大的中国科学家之一。固定结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”。形容词great需变为最高级greatest。 2．句意：人们称他为“中国航天之父”，因为他助力研发国家首批火箭、导弹和卫星。此处表示“第一批”，one的序数词是first。 3．句意：从那以后，他帮助中国成为科技中心并迈入全新太空时代。“ever since then”是现在完成时标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。help的过去分词是helped。 4．句意：他就读于上海交通大学，之后在1935年获得奖学金赴美国麻省理工学院学习。and连接并列谓语，前面went为一般过去时，后面take也需使用过去式，故填took。 5．句意：在那里，他转学到加州理工学院，并成为空气动力学与喷气推进领域的一名专家。expert以元音音素开头，此处表示“一名”，需用不定冠词an。 6．句意：他在加州理工学院的一位大学老师把他看作天才。固定搭配“regard sb. as…”，意思是“把某人看作……”，故填as。 7．句意：1950年，他决定回到中国。固定搭配“decide to do sth.”，意为“决定做某事”，故填to return。 8．句意：但是美国政府试图阻止他离开，甚至限制他在加州自由活动。固定搭配“stop sb. from doing sth.”，意为“阻止某人做某事”，from是介词，后面接动名词，leave的动名词形式是leaving。 9．句意：他参与许多重要航天项目。many后面接可数名词复数，project复数形式是projects。 10．句意：1960年，中国首枚火箭与首枚导弹成功发射。此处修饰动词launched要用副词，successful的副词形式是successfully。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $