Unit 3 Paying the Price 语法(过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态)导学案-2026-2027学年沪教版高中英语选择性必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦过去进行时被动（was/were being done）和过去完成时被动（had been done）两大核心语法点，通过复习一般过去时被动语态搭建学习支架，引导学生理解“过去正在被进行的动作”与“过去的过去已被完成的动作”的本质区别，构建时态被动语态的知识脉络。 资料以定义解析、结构梳理、用法归纳及重难点对比为核心，配套单词填空、句子改写、汉译英及语法填空短文等多样化练习，附详细答案解析。通过精准语言输入与输出训练提升语言能力，对比辨析培养思维品质，分层练习助力自主学习，有效支持高中英语语法教学。

Unit3 Paying the price语法讲解与练习 语法:过去进行时被动&过去完成时被动语态详细讲解 一、单元语法总述 过去时态的被动语态，侧重描述过去正在被发生、过去截止某时已经被完成的动作。 二、语法一：过去进行时被动语态（was/were being done） 1. 核心定义 表示过去某一具体时刻/某段时间，某个动作正在被进行。侧重过去动作的正在进行的被动过程，强调彼时正在遭受、正在被操作。 2. 基本结构 肯定：主语+ was/were + being +过去分词 否定：主语+ was/were not being +过去分词 疑问：Was/Were +主语+ being +过去分词? 主谓一致：单数/不可数用 was；复数用 were 3. 核心用法 用法1：过去具体时刻正在被进行的动作 （标志性时间：at that time、at 8 yesterday、this time yesterday） 例句1：This time yesterday, a new product was being launched by the marketing agency. 例句2：At that moment, false advertisements were being spread online. 用法2：过去某段时间段持续被进行的被动动作 例句1：During last month, many fake goods were being sold at a low discount. 例句2：At that time, consumers’ rights were being ignored by some businessmen. 4. 易错重难点 ① 必须保留 being，表“正在”，不可省略；省略后变为一般过去时被动（was/were done），无进行含义。 ② 只搭配延续性动词，不用于瞬间动词。 ③ 侧重过程，不强调动作结束。 三、语法二：过去完成时被动语态（had been done） 1. 核心定义 表示过去某个动作/时间之前，已经被完成的动作，即“过去的过去的被动”。强调动作早已被完成，对过去造成影响。 2. 基本结构 肯定：主语+ had been +过去分词 否定：主语+ had not been +过去分词 疑问：Had +主语+ been +过去分词? 无人称单复数变化，统一用 had been 3. 核心用法 用法1：by/before+过去时间，截止过去某时已被完成 例句1：By last year, many false marketing tricks had been exposed by experts. 例句2：Before the contract was signed, all details had been confirmed twice. 用法2：过去两个动作，先发生的被动动作用过去完成被动 例句1：The customer complained because he had been cheated by fake advertisements. 例句2：The product sold well because its quality had been guaranteed by the factory. 用法3：宾语从句主句为过去时，从句被动动作更早发生 例句1：The psychologist found that many consumers had been influenced by stealth marketing. 例句2：He realized that his shopping plan had been adjusted by commercial ads. 4. 重难点辨析 ① 一般过去被动（was done）VS 过去完成被动（had been done） was done：单纯陈述过去被做（无时间先后） had been done：强调先于过去某动作被完成 例句1：The house was built in 2010. 这栋房子2010 年建成。 👉只陈述 “2010 年被建造” 这件过去事实，没有另外一个过去动作做参照,只用一般过去被动。 例句2：When we arrived, the house had been built. 当我们到达的时候，房子已经建好。 👉两个过去动作：arrived（到达，过去 A）；建房在 arrived之前就完成，用 had been done。 ② 过去进行被动 VS 过去完成被动 being done → 过去正在被做（过程） had been done → 过去早已被做完（结果） 例句1：I saw that the bridge was being built at that time. 那时我看见大桥正在被修建。 👉at that time 在过去那一刻，工程还在建，动作正在进行，尚未完工。 例句2：When I got there, the bridge had been built. 当我到那里时，大桥已经建好。 👉到达之前工程就完工，动作早就结束，看到的是完工结果。 四、两大被动语态核心对比总结 1.was/were being done：过去正在被做（进行过程、无结果） 2. had been done：过去早已被做完（完成结果、有先后） 【配套专项练习】 大题一：单词正确形式填空 重点考查：过去进行被动、过去完成被动、时态辨析 1. This time yesterday, a new luxury product ________ (promote) by famous celebrities. 2. By last month, dozens of fake shops ________ (close) by the market management. 3. When I entered the store, a discount activity ________ (hold) for customers. 4. The customer was angry because he ________ (fool) by false ads before buying goods. 5. At that time, people’s shopping choices ________ (affect) by various marketing tricks. 6. By the time the rule came out, many improper trades ________ (exist) for years.（主动辨析） 7. When the expert arrived, the bad commercial behavior ________ (investigate) already. 8. During last winter, low-quality goods ________ (sell) at a high price secretly. 9. He found that his consumption habit ________ (shape) by stealth marketing for a long time. 10. This time last week, the new advertisement ________ (display) in the shopping mall. 11. Before the contract was signed, every term ________ (check) carefully. 12. When we did the survey, people’s opinions ________ (collect) by researchers. 13. By 2023, many traditional crafts ________ (commercialize) for big profits. 14. At that moment, the faulty products ________ (return) by angry consumers. 15. The psychologist explained that many consumers ________ (trick) into blind consumption. 16. During the period, market order ________ (improve) step by step. 17. Before he realized the problem, too much money ________ (waste) on useless goods. 18. This time last month, a new marketing plan ________ (launch) by the agency. 19. All samples ________ (test) before they were put on sale. 20. When the police came, illegal ads ________ (remove) by workers. 21. By the end of last year, people’s awareness of consumption protection ________ (raise) greatly. 22. At that time, ethical rules ________ (ignore) by some businessmen. 23. He complained that his legal rights ________ (violate) many times. 24. While the interview was going on, real market data ________ (analyze) on the spot. 25. Before the lecture started, all survey findings ________ (sort) out. 大题二：句子改写 根据时间提示，将主动句改为过去进行被动/过去完成被动 1. Workers were launching a new product at that time.（改被动） A new product ________ ________ ________ by workers at that time. 2. Experts had found many marketing problems before.（改被动） Many marketing problems ________ ________ ________ by experts before. 3. The store was cheating customers this time yesterday.（改被动） Customers ________ ________ ________ by the store this time yesterday. 4. People had wasted lots of money on fake goods.（改被动） Lots of money ________ ________ ________ on fake goods. 5. The company was promoting luxury goods then.（改被动） Luxury goods ________ ________ ________ by the company then. 6. Officials had banned improper marketing behaviors.（改被动） Improper marketing behaviors ________ ________ ________ by officials. 7. Researchers were collecting consumer data last week.（改被动） Consumer data ________ ________ ________ by researchers last week. 8. Shops had guaranteed the quality of all products.（改被动） The quality of all products ________ ________ ________ by shops. 9. The agency was adjusting sales plans yesterday.（改被动） Sales plans ________ ________ ________ by the agency yesterday. 10. People had ignored the harm of stealth marketing.（改被动） The harm of stealth marketing ________ ________ ________ by people. 大题三：汉译英句子翻译 1. 昨天这个时候，这款新品正在各大商场推广。（过去进行被动） ________________________________________________________ 2. 在消费者投诉之前，虚假广告已经被传播了很久。（过去完成被动） ________________________________________________________ 3. 那时很多不合格的商品正在以折扣价出售。（过去进行被动） ________________________________________________________ 4. 到去年为止，大量消费陷阱已经被专家揭露。（过去完成被动） ________________________________________________________ 5. 当我们调查时，顾客的反馈正在被认真分析。（过去进行被动） ________________________________________________________ 6. 在合同签订之前，所有细节都已经被确认完毕。（过去完成被动） ________________________________________________________ 7. 那时大众的消费观念正受到隐形营销的影响。（过去进行被动） ________________________________________________________ 8. 在他醒悟之前，很多钱已经被浪费在奢侈品上。（过去完成被动） ________________________________________________________ 9. 上周此时，新的市场规则正在被执行。（过去进行被动） ________________________________________________________ 10. 截止上个月底，所有问题产品都已经被召回。（过去完成被动） ________________________________________________________ 大题四：语法填空短文 阅读短文，填入适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式，重点考查两大过去被动语态 Nowadays, people pay much attention to consumption risks. Last month, a research was done on stealth marketing. At that time, many hidden marketing tricks ___1___ (discover) by researchers. This time last year, countless consumers ___2___ (easily, cheat) by various false ads. By the time the new market policy ___3___ (come) out last winter, many improper commercial behaviors ___4___ (exist) for a long time. Some luxury products ___5___ (sell) at extremely high prices while their actual value was low. When experts began to investigate, they found that people’s shopping habits ___6___ (deeply, shape) by commercial activities. During the survey, large amounts of consumer data ___7___ (collect) and analyzed. By the end of the research, most hidden consumption traps ___8___ (expose) to the public. People realized that before they made every purchase, their choices ___9___ (often, influence) by marketing means. Therefore, we must stay rational, or a high price ___10___ (pay) for blind consumption in the past. Keys 大题一 答案+解析 1. was being promoted（this time yesterday 过去进行被动，单数主语） 2. had been closed（by+过去时间，过去完成被动） 3. was being held（when瞬间动作，主句过去进行被动） 4. had been fooled（先被骗、后投诉，过去完成被动） 5. were being affected（at that time 过去进行被动，复数主语） 6. had existed（主动语态，过去完成时，无被动） 7. had been investigated（already 提示过去完成被动） 8. were being sold（during+过去时段，过去进行被动） 9. had been shaped（for a long time 截止过去，过去完成被动） 10. was being displayed（this time last week 过去进行被动） 11. had been checked（签合同前已完成，过去完成被动） 12. were being collected（调查进行时，数据正在被收集） 13. had been commercialized（by+过去年份，过去完成被动） 14. were being returned（at that moment 过去进行被动） 15. had been tricked（主句过去时，从句更早被动） 16. was being improved（过去持续过程，进行被动） 17. had been wasted（意识到前已浪费，完成被动） 18. was being launched（this time last month 进行被动） 19. had been tested（上市前已检测，完成被动） 20. were being removed（警察到来时正在被清理） 21. had been raised（by the end of+过去时间，完成被动） 22. were being ignored（彼时正在被忽视，进行被动） 23. had been violated（多次被侵害，截止过去完成） 24. were being analyzed（采访进行中，数据正在被分析） 25. had been sorted（讲座前已整理完毕，完成被动） 大题二 1. was being launched 2. had been found 3. were being cheated 4. had been wasted 5. were being promoted 6. had been banned 7. were being collected 8. had been guaranteed 9. were being adjusted 10. had been ignored 大题三 参考译文 1. This time yesterday, this new product was being promoted in major shopping malls. 2. Before consumers complained, false advertisements had been spread for a long time. 3. At that time, many unqualified goods were being sold at a discount. 4. By last year, a large number of consumption traps had been exposed by experts. 5. When we did the survey, customers’ feedback was being analyzed carefully. 6. Before the contract was signed, all details had been confirmed completely. 7. At that time, people’s consumption views were being influenced by stealth marketing. 8. Before he woke up to the truth, much money had been wasted on luxury goods. 9. This time last week, new market rules were being carried out. 10. By the end of last month, all problematic products had been recalled. 大题四 语法填空答案+解析 1. were being discovered（彼时正在被发现，过去进行被动） 2. were easily cheated（去年常态，一般过去被动） 3. came（一般过去时，时间状语从句） 4. had existed（政策出台前已存在，过去完成主动） 5. were being sold（过去时段正在售卖，进行被动） 6. had been shaped（调研前已形成，过去完成被动） 7. were being collected（调研期间正在收集，进行被动） 8. had been exposed（调研结束已曝光，完成被动） 9. had been influenced（消费前已被影响，完成被动） 10. had been paid（过去已经付出代价，完成被动） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $