高一英语上学期第一次月考（北京专用）-2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（北师大版）

**基本信息** 以真实鲜活的时代情境为载体，融合语言能力与跨文化思维考查，如疫情阳台爱情故事、食品碳足迹研究等素材，适配高一学生基础巩固与能力提升需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10题/15分|动词辨析、语境理解|以意大利疫情爱情故事为情境，考查词汇在真实语境中的运用| |语法填空|10题/15分|时态、非谓语、冠词等|涵盖生活作息、尼安德特人研究等话题，注重语法知识的情境化应用| |阅读理解|19题/38分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|包含诗歌比赛（文化）、特殊需求群体关怀（社会）、积极思维研究（心理）、食品环保（热点），培养批判性思维与文化意识| |书面表达|2题/32分|信息提取、应用文写作|阅读表达反思社交媒体使用，应用文针对转学适应提建议，考查语言输出与实际沟通能力|

绝密★考试结束前 2026-2027学年高一上学期第一次月考（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 A couple in Italy who met at a nightly balcony concert during the coronavirus lockdown are becoming a modern-day Romeo and Juliet in the same city where Shakespeare’s story of unfortunate lovers took place. Edda Farina and Marco Colombo 1 each other during one of the regular 6:00 pm 2 concerts designed to cheer up the community. Edda initially noticed Marco when she stepped outside to his violin 3 on his balcony. She said, “The music was like an arrow fired by Cupid”. Marco, who also fell in love at first sight, tracked Edda down on social media. The two kept 4 each other till one day Marco made a big banner to hang from the top floor of his building with Edda’s name on it to 5 his love for her. They then had their first date in a park as the restrictions were 6 in May. It turned out the couple had lived in the same neighbourhood for much of their lives, but it 7 a global pandemic to finally bring them together. Perhaps the fact that the couple could lean on each other during the lockdown meant that they had built a 8 foundation before they met up. As Marco shared on his social media, “We are considering a wedding ceremony on the large roof of my apartment building, which would 9 since we met on our balconies”. Finally a balcony love story that ends happily—one Shakespeare himself could never have 10 ! 1．A．greeted B．recognized C．spotted D．monitored 2．A．balcony B．charity C．folk D．square 3．A．studio B．talent C．practice D．performance 4．A．consulting B．messaging C．dating D．visiting 5．A．seek B．declare C．share D．win 6．A．lifted B．announced C．introduced D．rejected 7．A．caused B．deserved C．needed D．took 8．A．sound B．material C．fresh D．basic 9．A．work out B．take effect C．make sense D．pay off 10．A．understood B．adopted C．edited D．anticipated 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 11 (play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're 12 (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 13 you can join in when it's possible. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I wake up at six o’clock every morning. It 14 (take) me less than 15 minutes 15 (wash),get changed, have breakfast and leave home. I’m always the first person 16 (get)to my class. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even 17 (busy)! By around five o’clock, I usually find time to do my paperwork and preview the lessons. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A piece of stone 18 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 19 （live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were 20 （smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Poetry Competition Deadline 16th July，2020 Who may enter The competition is open to anyone. Description The Ledbury Poetry Festival is the biggest poetry festival in the UK. It takes place over ten days each July. If you think you know what poetry is, come along and we'll surprise you. There are live readings, performances, music, exhibitions, films, family events and street events. Each year we organize a famous competition for new poetry in partnership with Ty Newydd, the National Writers' Centre of Wales. It attracts entries from all over the globe. There are three groups: adults(18 + ) , young people(12-17) and children(under 12). All poems must be the original works of the entrants and should not have been previously published, accepted for publication by magazines, or have entered in other competitions. The length of each poem must be more than 40 lines. The judge of the 2020 Ledbury Poetry Festival Poetry Competition is Liz Berry. Entry fees Adults: £5. 75 for the first poem, £3. 50 for each extra poem. Children/Young People: The first poem free, £1. 75 for each extra poem. Prizes Adults' Prizes • First Prize: £l,000 cash and a course at the National Writers' Centre of Wales • Second Prize: £500 cash • Third Prize: £250 cash Young People's Prizes • First Prize: £l00 cash • Second Prize: £50 cash • Third Prize: £25 cash Children's Prizes • First Prize: £25 book token(购书券) • Second Prize: £15 book token • Third Prize: £l0 book token Website Please visit https://www.poetry-festival, co. uk/ledbury-poetry-competition to learn more about the competition. 21．What do we know about the poetry competition from the text? A．It is held every two months. B．It awards all winners cash prizes. C．It is open to worldwide competitors. D．It offers competitors lectures on poetry. 22．Which requirement should each poem meet? A．It should be written independently. B．It should contain at least 40 words. C．It has won a prize in other competitions. D．It has been published by some magazines. 23．What is the entry fee for a 15-year-old entrant if he is sending 3 poems? A．£12.75. B．£9.25. C．£7. D．£3.5. B Traveling on an airplane can be a very tiring task even in the best of conditions, Sophie Murphy noticed an awful tension on a recent flight from Sydney to Melbourne. She first thought it was caused by typical bad-tempered passengers. But as the flight neared its end, it became obvious that something was very wrong. A teenage boy with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew’s warnings over the loudspeaker that it was almost time to land. The pilot was forced to circle above the airport, delaying the landing—and angering people on the already tense flight. As the boy’s elderly parents failed to persuade him to get off the floor and back into his seat, Murphy, who had been a teacher for more than 20 years, stood up and quickly headed to the back of the plane. She found the boy in the passage between rows of seats, lying on his belly. She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. He told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him. Minutes later, he allowed her to hold his hand—and then together they got properly back into airplane seats. Murphy asked for sick bags, and held them as the boy threw up several times. As she helped him clean up, she repeatedly told him everything would be okay and that they’d get through it together. After the plane was finally able to land, no one was impatient to step off the flight as one might expect. Instead, calmed passengers—obviously following Murphy’s amazing example—allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed. His parents tearfully thanked Murphy for what she had done, and a doctor sitting nearby also let her know he had even taken notes on her expert way of handling the situation. 24．Why was the landing delayed? A．Because a family ignored the warnings. B．Because a boy refused to sit in his seat. C．Because smoke was coming out of the engine. D．Because the pilot had to change the destination. 25．Murphy successfully handled the “awful tension” by _______. A．fighting against unfair treatment B．calling on other passengers to join her C．communicating with the boy D．asking an experienced doctor to help 26．What changed the angry passengers’ attitude at last? A．The teacher’s efforts. B．The plane’s safe landing. C．The crew’s behavior. D．The boy’s improvement. 27．Which of the following words can best describe Murphy? A．Generous and careful. B．Patient and energetic. C．Wise and honest. D．Kind and cool-headed. C Is Positive Thinking Powerful? The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking? Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written. In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts. The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking. 28．What is the finding of the Canadian researchers? A．There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems. B．Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people. C．The power of positive thinking is limited. D．Unhappy people cannot think positively. 29．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means _________. A．you are pointing out the mistakes he has made B．you are not taking his mistakes seriously enough C．you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent D．you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults 30．What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic? A．Self-approval can bring a positive change to one’s feelings. B．People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings. C．It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect. D．Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect. 31．It can be learned from the last paragraph that _________. A．people can avoid making mistakes through meditation B．different people tend to have different ways of thinking C．meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy D．the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person D Recently, environmentalists have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions (碳排放). Buying local. food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation, and only 4% came from the final delivery (运输) of the product from the producer to the seller. In fact, imported food from other countries often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best thing for British people to do is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the tomatoes grow well in the local climate. We must also take into consideration the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it. However, only a small number of goods are flown to foreign countries, and these are usually high value, perishable (易腐烂的) goods which we cannot produce locally, such as seafood and out-of-season berries. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using human labour and natural fertilisers (肥料), unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilisers and machinery. Therefore, the total carbon footprint is still lower. It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. The distance customers travel to buy their food, and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint. So driving a long way to shop for food will wipe out any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling (标记) foods with stickers that show it has been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. 32．What can we learn about “food miles”? A．It influences how people deliver and transport food. B．It will increase if people are encouraged to buy local food. C．It is the key factor contributing to a food’s carbon emissions. D．It shows how far the food goes from farmland to supermarkets. 33．The author will probably agree that ________. A．transporting food by air is the most energy-saving type of shipping B．storing local food creates more carbon emissions than importing food C．human labour and natural fertilisers can increase the carbon footprint D．growing out-of-season food takes less energy than importing food in season 34．What is the author’s attitude towards cutting food miles to reduce carbon emissions? A．Supportive. B．Confused. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Learn to Be Accountable How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships. What does being accountable mean? It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. 35 You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control. 36 According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. 37 For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too. How can you be accountable? 38 One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. 39 We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens. A．What makes you accountable? B．How is being accountable good for you? C．But we do have a say in how we respond to it. D．Start by understanding what is in and out of your control. E．Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more. F．Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late. G．This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 I received a private message on Facebook. It began harmlessly enough “Hey, girl. Wanted to invite you to join my next challenge group—we’ll be focusing on fitting in 30 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition.” It was all becoming too much. Facebook was running my life, not me. But what killed Facebook for me was when I posted a photo, and five minutes later my son asked me how many “likes” it had got. His question was a wake-up call “Likes” are signs of acceptance and approval. I had forgotten that acceptance and approval need to come from within and had unknowingly set him a bad example. Before Facebook, surfing the Internet was an occasional distraction and I spent a lot more time reading books and magazines. I checked in with friends through texts, emails and phone calls. To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a healthier example for my son, I deactivated my Facebook account. I’d been in the habit of checking Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. I carried a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting (针织). I started taking yoga classes. I started to remember a few things. My body is fine just the way it is. I have friends who will help me out when I’m in trouble, and I will help them out. I do my best to be a good mother, and our son is happy and healthy. We are very lucky to be able to afford two vacations a year. I stopped looking at the world through my cellphone. I felt pleased at the moment. The break left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life. After a few weeks, I returned to Facebook. Now I look at the photos of my friends, kids growing up and treasure how social media allows me to keep in touch with family far and wide. I look in on a daily basis, but no longer with the desire constantly to post updates. It is not an addiction any more. 40．What caused the author to deactivate her Facebook account? 41．What did the author do to change her life? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After I found Facebook was running my life, I completely stopped using it. 43．What do you think is the best way to use social media? Please explain. (about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高一(1)班的学生李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。请你根据以下信息回信： 1. 表示安慰； 2. 提出解决问题的合理建议； 3. 表示可以随时提供帮助。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案： 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了疫情期间，一对男女因为阳台音乐会而相爱的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃达·法里娜和马尔科·科伦坡是在晚上6点的阳台音乐会中相遇的，这是一场旨在鼓舞社区的常规音乐会。A. greeted欢迎；B. recognized认出；C. spotted发现；D. monitored监视；监听。分析文章可知，埃达·法里娜和马尔科·科伦坡本身是不认识的两人，是因为阳台音乐会才发现了彼此。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃达·法里娜和马尔科·科伦坡是在晚上6点的阳台音乐会中相遇的，这是一场旨在鼓舞社区的常规音乐会。A. balcony阳台；B. charity慈善机构；C. folk家人；D. square广场。下文提到“Edda initially noticed Marco when she stepped outside to his violin   3 on his balcony.（埃达最初注意到马可是在她走到阳台上听他演奏小提琴的时候。）”由此判断，两人最初相识的地方是在各自的阳台上。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃达最初注意到马可是在她走到阳台上听他演奏小提琴的时候。A. studio录音室； B. talent天才； C. practice练习； D. performance表演。前文提到“one of the regular 6:00 pm 2 concerts designed to cheer up the community.（这是一场旨在鼓舞社区的常规音乐会。）”由此判断，阳台音乐会指的是在阳台上进行音乐表演。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人不停地发信息，直到有一天，马可做了一面大横幅挂在他的大楼的顶层，上面写着埃达的名字，以表达他对她的爱。A. consulting咨询；B. messaging发信息；C. dating约会；D. visiting拜访。前文提到“Marco, who also fell in love at first sight, tracked Edda down on social media. （马可也对埃达一见钟情，他在社交媒体上找到了爱达。）”且因为疫情的原因居家隔离，因此两人只能通过互联网发送消息进行联系。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人不停地发信息，直到有一天，马可做了一面大横幅挂在他的大楼的顶层，上面写着埃达的名字，以表达他对她的爱。A. seek寻找；B. declare宣布；声明；C. share分享；D. win赢得。前文提到“Marco made a big banner to hang from the top floor of his building with Edda’s name on it（马可做了一面大横幅挂在他的大楼的顶层，上面写着埃达的名字）”由此判断，马可通过在楼顶挂横幅的行动在现实世界里公开表达了对埃达的爱。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着今年5月禁令的解除，他们在一个公园里进行了第一次约会。A. lifted解除；撤销； B. announced宣布； C. introduced介绍； D. rejected拒绝。前文提到“They then had their first date in a park（他们在一个公园里进行了第一次约会）”能在公园里约会说明居家隔离的禁令解除了。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这对夫妇大半生都住在同一个街区，但直到一场全球大流行才让他们终于走到了一起。A. caused造成；引起； B. deserved值得，应受; C. needed需要; D. took花费；遭受。分析句子可知，此处是It takes sth.to do sth.，意为“做……需要付出……（代价）”。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许这对夫妇在封锁期间可以互相依靠的事实意味着他们在见面之前已经建立了一个坚实的基础。A. sound坚实的； B. material物质的； C. fresh新鲜的； D. basic基础的。后文提到“We are considering a wedding ceremony on the large roof of my apartment building（我们正在考虑在我公寓大楼的大屋顶上举行婚礼）”由此判断，之前在现实世界中互不认识的两人，在封锁期间因为阳台音乐会而相识，并且在网上互相联系上彼此最终走向婚姻的殿堂，证明他们在结婚前应该打下了坚实的认知基础。故选A。 9．考查动词词组辨析。句意：我们正在考虑在我公寓大楼的大屋顶举行婚礼，这是有意义的，因为我们是在阳台上认识的。A. work out解决；实现； B. take effect生效；起作用； C. make sense有意义； D. pay off付清；取得成功。后文提到“ we met on our balconies（我们是在阳台上认识的）”由此判断两人因为在阳台相识而选择在屋顶举行婚礼应该是一件非常有意义的事。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，一个阳台上的爱情故事圆满结束了——这是莎士比亚自己都没有预料到的!A. understood理解； B. adopted收养；采纳； C. edited编辑；校订； D. anticipated预料。文章第一段提到“A couple in Italy who met at a nightly balcony concert during the coronavirus lockdown are becoming a modern-day Romeo and Juliet in the same city where Shakespeare’s story of unfortunate lovers took place.（意大利一对情侣在冠状病毒封锁期间在一场夜间阳台音乐会上相遇，在莎士比亚不幸的恋人故事发生的同一座城市，他们正在成为现代版的罗密欧与朱丽叶。）”原本是莎士比亚笔下爱情悲剧发生的地方，但是在疫情期间却上演了一场爱情的美好结局，这是莎士比亚自己都无法预料的事情。故选D。 11．plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 12．lucky 13．if/whether 【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。 11．考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。主语food为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。 12．考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。 13．考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。 14．takes 15．to wash 16．to get 17．busier 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一天的生活、学习安排。 14．考查时态。句意：洗衣服、换衣服、吃早餐和离开家只需要不到15分钟。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，因主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词使用的单数第三人称形式，故填takes。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，本句使用了it作形式主语，因此空白处在句子中做主语，使用非谓语动词，因空白处表示的是一个尚未发生的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式，故填to wash。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：我总是第一个到达班上的学生。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，根据非谓语动词的用法，当名词被序数词修饰，其后使用动词不定式作定语，故填to get。 17．考查形容词的比较级。句意：早上总是很忙，下午更忙。根据句意，本句要把The mornings与the afternoons进行比较，空白处应使用形容词的比较级，故填busier。 18．found 19．lived/had lived/had been living 20．smarter 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 19．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。 20．考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。 21．C 22．A 23．D 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项诗歌比赛的基本情况和参赛注意事项。 21．细节理解题。根据Who may enter中的“The competition is open to anyone.(比赛向所有人开放。)”以及Description中的“It attracts entries from all over the globe. (它吸引了来自全球的参赛作品。)”可知，全世界任何感兴趣的人都可以参加该诗歌比赛，故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据Description中的“All poems must be the original works of the entrants and should not have been previously published, accepted for publication by magazines, or have entered in other competitions.(所有诗歌都必须是参赛者的原创作品，并且不得事先出版，接受杂志出版或参加其他比赛。)”可知所有作品都必须由参赛者原创，故选A项。 23．细节理解题。根据Entry fees中的“Children/Young People: The first poem free, £1. 75 for each extra poem.(儿童/青年：第一首参赛作品免费， 额外每首诗歌为1.75磅。)”可知，15岁的参赛选手三个作品，第一个免费，另外两个每个要交1.75镑，共计需缴纳3.5镑，故选D项。 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了教师Sophie Murphy在飞机上帮助一位患有唐氏综合征的小男孩克服心理和身体的不适，使得飞机正常降落并获得全体乘客赞许的故事。 24．细节理解题。根据文中第二段“A teenage boy with Down syndrome(唐氏综合征)who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew's warnings over the loudspeaker when it was almost time to land. (一名患有唐氏综合征的少年和他的家人一起旅行，当飞机即将着陆时，他不顾空乘人员通过扩音器发出的警告，变得心烦意乱，不肯回到座位上。)”可知，是小男孩不可能坐在座位上的行为导致了飞机延迟降落。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据文中第五段“She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. He told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him. (她开始平静地和他聊天，问他的名字，他最喜欢的书，他最喜欢的角色。他告诉她他觉得不舒服，她试图安慰他。)”可知，是Murphy与男孩的沟通起了作用，使紧张，糟糕的局面得到了改观。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“Instead, calmed passengers--obviously following Murphy's amazing example--allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed. (相反，镇静下来的乘客——显然是在效仿Murphy的惊人榜样——让男孩和他的家人先离开，并在他们经过时对他们微笑。)”可知，乘客们是被Murphy的行为所感染，纷纷以她为榜样，才对男孩的态度发生改变并礼让他和他的家人先行下飞机。所以推断是Murphy的努力改变了愤怒的乘客的态度。故选A。 27．推理判断题。从Murphy主动与男孩交谈可以推断她是一个友善的人，并从第五段中“She began chatting calmly with him(她开始平静地和他聊天)”可以推断出她是一个遇事冷静的人。故选D。 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者提出问题：鼓励一个人积极向上总是会有好的结果吗？然后通过呈现一个研究，说明这样做未必有我们预料的结果。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are.(加拿大的研究人员刚刚在《心理科学》杂志上发表了一项研究，称试图让人们更积极地思考，实际上会产生相反的效果：它只会强调他们有多不快乐。)”可知，我们让人们积极思考，实际上可能会有相反的结果，即鼓励积极思考可能对人们有害。故选B。 29．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. (这项研究的作者，滑铁卢大学的乔安妮·伍德和约翰·李，以及新不伦瑞克大学的伊莱恩·佩鲁诺维奇，首先使用了以前的研究，这些研究表明，当人们得到他们认为过于积极的反馈时，他们实际上感觉更糟，而不是更好。)”可知，当人们得到他们认为过于积极的反馈时，他们实际上感觉更糟，而不是更好，故如果你对一个不太聪明的朋友说他有成为爱因斯坦的潜力的时候，这种积极的话反而会给他带来伤害，即强调他的缺点——他并不是很聪明。故划线词与C选项“you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent(你在强调他不聪明的事实.)”表达相同的意思。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.( 当铃声响起时，他们被要求告诉自己：“我很可爱。”那些自尊心低的人在被迫自我肯定后并没有感觉更好。事实上，他们的感觉比对照组的成员要糟糕得多，后者没有被敦促去思考积极的想法。)”可知，强迫参与者说“自己是可爱的”，其实并没有让他们感觉更好，反而会让感觉变得更糟糕，即强迫人们去想积极的事情可能会降低他们的自尊。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.(相反，静思技巧可以教会人们从更大、更现实的角度认识自己的缺点。这就是消极思维的力量。)”可知，静思可能被证明是一种很好的心理治疗形式。故选C。 32．D 33．B 34．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就“减少食物里程来减少碳排放”这一观点进行讨论。作者认为：要想减少碳排放，不仅仅要减少食物里程，更要着眼于整个农业过程以及其他的多方面因素。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller. (这减少了“食物里程”，即食物从生产者到卖方的距离。)”可知，“食物里程”指的是食物从生产者到卖方的距离，即它显示了食物从农田到超市的距离。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season.(然而，我们在冬天或春天买的苹果已经冷藏了几个月，这消耗了大量的能量。因此，在春季，从新西兰进口它们更节能，因为新西兰正是生产苹果的季节。)”可知，作者以苹果为例说明了存储当地食物会消耗更多的能量，产生更多的碳排放，但是进口当季食物可能更节能。故可以推断，作者可能会同意存储当地食物要比进口食物产生更多的碳排放。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, environmentalists have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller.(最近，环保主义者鼓励我们购买当地的食物。这减少了“食物里程”，即食物从生产者到卖方的距离。) ”以及第二段中“However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation.(然而，真实的故事并没有那么简单。如果我们的目标是减少碳排放，我们必须关注整个农业过程，而不仅仅是运输。)”，可知，作者否定了前文环保主义者的观点，作者认为“减少食物里程以减少碳排放”是不够的，作者强调，要想减少碳排放，不仅仅要减少食物里程，还要考虑整个农业过程。由此推断，作者持有的是否定态度。故选C。 35．F 36．B 37．E 38．D 39．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么才能做一个负责的人。 35．上文“It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. (责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。)”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下文“You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. (你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到达是你的责任。)”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项F“Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.(想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。)”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。 36．下文“According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. (根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充满希望。)”以及“Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.( 负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自己。)”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B“How is being accountable good for you? (做一个负责的人对你有什么好处？)”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。 37．下文“But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought.(但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。)”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者的好处。选项E“Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.( 承担责任也能让别人更加信任你。)指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。 38．上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?(如何成为负责的人？)”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.(方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。)”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D“Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.(首先要了解什么是你所能控制的，什么是你无法控制的。)”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介绍，引出了下文。故选D项。 39．上文“We can’t always control what happens to us.(我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上的事情。)”指出有一些事情我们不能控制。下文“We can still choose our attitude. (我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。)”选项C“But we do have a say in how we respond to it.(但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。)”则通过but“但是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。 40．Her son’s question. 41．She developed some healthy habits. 42．After I found Facebook was running my life, I completely stopped using it. After the author found Facebook was running her life, she limited the use of her Facebook instead of completely stopping using it. 43．I think the best way to use social media is that we should use it moderately. Because using it moderately can’t result in distraction and waste a lot of time. What’s more, we can get some useful information. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对社交平台曾经非常上瘾，但是儿子的一个关于“点赞”的问题让我意识到我是在给他树立一个不好的榜样，所以我决心改变，我重拾以往的一些健康的生活习惯并且限制了手机的使用，从而重现生活的美好。 40．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“But what killed Facebook for me was when I posted a photo, and five minutes later my son asked me how many “likes” it had got. His question was a wake-up call “Likes” are signs of acceptance and approval. I had forgotten that acceptance and approval need to come from within and had unknowingly set him a bad example.(但让我对Facebook失去兴趣的是，我上传了一张照片，五分钟后，儿子问我这张照片获得了多少个“赞”。“点赞”是接受和认可的标志。我忘记了接受和认同需要来自内心，在不知不觉中给他树立了一个坏榜样。)”可知，是儿子的问题让作者暂时停止使用自己的脸书账号。故答案为Her son’s question. 41．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“so I had to come up with some new habits. I carried a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting (针织). I started taking yoga classes. (所以我必须养成一些新的习惯。我随身带着一本小说和一本纵横字谜书。我重新发现了编织。我开始上瑜伽课。)”可知，为了改变生活，作者培养了一些健康的生活习惯。故答案为She developed some healthy habits. 42．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“After a few weeks, I returned to Facebook. Now I look at the photos of my friends, kids growing up and treasure how social media allows me to keep in touch with family far and wide. I look in on a daily basis, but no longer with the desire constantly to post updates.(几周后，我回到了Facebook。现在，我看着朋友们、孩子们成长的照片，珍惜社交媒体让我与远方的家人保持联系。我每天都会查看，但不再有不断更新的欲望。)”可知，作者在发现脸书控制了自己的生活后并没有完全停止使用它，而是限制了它的使用。故答案是After I found Facebook was running my life, I completely stopped using it. After the author found Facebook was running her life, she limited the use of her Facebook instead of completely stopping using it. 43．开放性问题。我们应该适度使用社交媒体。因为适度地使用不会导致注意力分散和浪费大量时间；而且，我们可以得到一些有用的信息。故答案为I think the best way to use social media is that we should use it moderately. Because using it moderately can’t result in distraction and waste a lot of time. What’s more, we can get some useful information. 44．Dear Chris, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful. First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as much as possible. Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships. Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers. I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help to you. If there is anything more I can do to help, please let me know. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“刚刚转学的英国笔友Chris不适应新学校，向你询问如何尽快融入新环境”一事回信，内容包括：1. 表示安慰；2. 提出解决问题的合理建议；3. 表示可以随时提供帮助。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有益的：helpful→beneficial 首先：first→first of all 参加：take part in→participate in 困难的：tough→difficult 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers. 拓展句：Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as much as possible. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $