内容正文:
Unit 6 Seasons 语法讲义——动词与句子结构(I)
(2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册)
一、动词的分类
1. 及物动词(vt.)
及物动词后面必须接宾语,意思才完整。如:David loves summer.(love, vt.)大卫喜欢夏天。/ The boys are playing football.(play, vt.)男孩们正在踢足球。
2. 不及物动词(vi.)
不及物动词后面不接宾语,意思也完整。如:The girls are swimming.(swim, vi.)女孩们正在游泳。/ The boys are playing in the park.(play, vi.)男孩们正在公园里玩耍。
3. 兼作及物与不及物的动词
许多动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,要根据句意判断。如:play, fly, sing, grow, run 等。
4. 连系动词(linking v.)
连系动词连接主语和描述主语的形容词(短语)或名词(短语),这个形容词或名词叫作表语(P)。常见连系动词有:be(是)、become(变成)、feel(摸起来;感觉)、get(变得)、grow(渐渐变得)、look(看起来)、seem(似乎)、smell(闻起来)、sound(听起来)、stay(保持)、taste(尝起来)、turn(变成)。
例:The flowers smell wonderful. 花儿闻起来很香。/ The leaves turn yellow. 树叶变黄了。/ The weather gets warmer. 天气变暖了。
二、三种基本句子结构
1. S + V(主语 + 谓语)
谓语动词为不及物动词。例:The temperature drops. 气温下降。/ The wind is blowing. 风在吹。/ Winter arrives. 冬天来了。
2. S + V + O(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语)
谓语动词为及物动词。例:Millie flies a kite. 米莉放风筝。/ I like snowmen. 我喜欢雪人。/ White snow covers the ground. 白雪覆盖地面。
3. S + V + P(主语 + 连系动词 + 表语)
谓语动词为连系动词。例:The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。/ My snowman looks funny. 我的雪人看起来很有趣。/ Autumn leaves turn golden brown. 秋叶变成金褐色。
4. 句子的扩展
可以在基本句型上添加副词、形容词、介词短语等成分来扩展句子,但基本结构不变。例:Farmers harvest crops all day.(S+V+O,all day 为时间状语)/ Bees and butterflies play among flowers.(S+V,among flowers 为地点状语)/ The wind is blowing hard.(S+V,hard 为方式状语)
三、用法对照表
结构
谓语动词类型
例句
S + V
不及物动词
The temperature drops. / The birds sing.
S + V + O
及物动词
Millie flies a kite. / I watch the butterflies.
S + V + P
连系动词
The flowers smell wonderful. / The leaves turn yellow.
四、易错点提醒
1. 连系动词后接形容词作表语,不能接副词。如:The soup tastes good.(✓)/ The soup tastes well.(✗,well 作副词时不能作表语)。
2. 不及物动词不能直接接宾语。如要说“到达学校”,应为 arrive at school,而不是 arrive school。
3. turn, get, grow, become 都可表示“变得”:turn 后多接颜色(turn yellow/brown);get 后多接表示变化的形容词比较级或状态(get warmer/shorter);grow 表示“渐渐变得”;become 较正式,后可接名词或形容词。
4. look, sound, smell, taste, feel 作连系动词时表示“看起来/听起来/闻起来/尝起来/摸起来”,常用形容词作表语,不用进行时。如:The flowers smell sweet. 而不是 are smelling sweet。
5. 判断句子结构时,先找谓语动词,再看它是及物、不及物还是连系动词,最后确定句型。
五、小检测(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
(一)单项选择(每小题2分)
1. The sentence “Winter arrives.” has the structure ________.
A. S + V B. S + V + O C. S + V + P D. S + V + IO + DO
2. In “The flowers smell wonderful.”, the word “smell” is ________.
A. a transitive verb B. an intransitive verb C. a linking verb D. an adverb
3. Which of the following sentences is “S + V + O”?
A. The sun shines. B. The sky is blue. C. I like snowmen. D. The leaves turn yellow.
4. The ice cream ________ sweet. I like it very much.
A. tastes B. is tasting C. is tasted D. taste
5. Which word is NOT a linking verb?
A. look B. stay C. play D. sound
(二)判断下列句子的结构,将序号填入括号(每小题2分)
6. The birds fly far away. ( )
7. My snowman looks funny. ( )
8. We are making snowmen. ( )
9. The weather gets warmer. ( )
10. The wind is blowing hard. ( )
A. S + V B. S + V + O C. S + V + P
小检测参考答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A
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