专题8 定语从句-【名师大课堂】2027年高考英语艺术生总复习必备

参考答案与解析 内文讲解 第一部分语法知识专项 专题十并列句和状语从句 专题一冠词 考点一并列句 考法重难突破 考点知识整合 [专项考点练] 「专项考点练] 1.the 2.a 3.the 4.The 5.the 6.a 7.a 8.the 9.a 1.and 2.and 3.and 4.and 5.and 6.or 7.and 8.and 10.an11.a12.a13.a14.an15.am 9.but 10.and 专题二代词 考点二 状语从句 考法重难突破 考法重难突破 [专项考点练] [专项考点练 1.it 2,itself 3.your 4.myself 5.one 1.as 2.as/though 3.before 4.However 5.or 6.what/as 专题三 名词 7.because 8.if 9.As 10.Whatever 考法重难突破 专题十一特殊句式 [专项考点练] 考法重难突破 1.preference 2.transformation 3.options 4.application [专项考点练] 5.preservation 6.creature 7.consumption 8.recognition 1.Never before in his life had he been 9.proposal 10.diversity 2.Never;did he think 专题四 介词和介词短语 3.From small beginnings come 4.Not only did we see the picturesque scenery 考法重难突破 5.It wasn't until a couple of hours later that [专项考点练] 专题十二 语法填空 1.as 2.after 3.between 4.by 5.for 6.than 7.than 考法重难突破 8.on/upon 9.into 10.on 专题五形容词和副词 [专项考点练] Passage 1 考法重难突破 语篇类型：说明文 主题：人与社会—一社会文化一中国 [专项考点练] 大集 1.shared 2.storied 3.economic 4.knowledgeable 【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了大集的举办时间、起源和功 5.sustainable 6.disastrous 7.unfit 8.priceless 9.unified 能等 专题六动词、动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 1.解析：非谓语动词“Itis十adij.(+for sb./sth.)十todo 考法重难突破 sth”是常用句型，表示“（对某人/某物来说）做…是… [专项考点练】 的”。本句中，them(指大集)与hold“举办”之间是逻辑上的 1.doubled 2.had been played 3.expanded 动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式，应填to be held。句意：春 4.had been captured 5.has been committed 节、中秋节等中国传统节日以及其他地方节庆期间，举办大 6.would be made 7.promotes 8.is compared 9.has led 集也十分普遍。 10.sought 11.was standing 12.is received 13.was named 答案：to be held 14.were forbidden 15.is served 16.reintroduces 2.解析：名词and连接两个并列的名词作主语，故填所给词的 17.is equipped 18.have been inhabited 19.issued 名词形式。此处表示“发生的频率”，此时frequency是不可 20.is structured 数名词。句意：各地大集的具体举办日期和频次都不尽 专题七 非谓语动词 相同。 考法重难突破 答案：frequency [专项考点练 3.解析：冠词此处特指“汉代”这一朝代，需用定冠词the。句 1.leading 2.to improve 3.greeted 4.to build 5.to stay 意：大集源于古老的民间商品交易习俗，其历史可追溯至 汉代。 6.to leave 7.to win 8.improved 9.being released 10.to support 11.to integrate 12.illustrating 答案：the 13.combining 14.symbolizing 15.affecting 16.to brave 4,解析：动词的时态和主谓一致根据表示过去的时间状语a promoting 17.led 18.to be named that time可知，此处要用一般过去时；主语是transportation 专题八定语从句 and communication,表示复数概念，谓语应用复数形式。故 填were 考法重难突破 答案：were [专项考点练 5.解析：名词复数空处作动词obtain的宾语，且被形容词 1.that 2.whose 3.whose 4.as 5.which 6.whom daily修饰，应用名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“日常必需 7.where 8.which 9.whose 10.who 11.which 12.that/ 品”，应用其复数形式necessities。句意：当时交通与通讯都 which 13.which 14.whom 15.As 很落后，家家户户很难买到生活必需品。 专题九名词性从句 答案：necessities 考法重难突破 6.解析：介词trade A for B为固定搭配，表示“用A交换B” [专项考点练] 故填介词or。句意：于是人们便在固定的日期聚集到固定 1.what 2.if/whether 3.that 4.How 5.what 6.what 地点，用自家富余的物品换取所需之物。 7.where 8.how 9.that 10.what 答案：for 269第一部分 语法知识专项 专题八定语从句 知识梳理框架 作主语一 that,who 指人 作宾语一that,who,whom 关系代词 作定语一whose 作主语/宾语一that,which 限制性定语从句 指物 作定语一whose 指时间一 when=“介词+which” 关系副词 指地点一where=“介词+which” 指原因一why=“for which” 作主语一who 指人 作宾语一 who,whom 作定语一whose 定语从句 关系代词 非限制 作主语/宾语一which 指物 作定语一 whose 定语从句 指时间一when=“介词十which” 关系副词 指地点一where=“介词+which” 指原因一why=“for which” such十n.十as.像…一样的 引导限制性定语从句 a the same十n.十as..和…一样的 的 法 引导非限制性定 既可放主句前，也可放主句后，意为“正如” 语从句 常用结构：as is well一<nown to all;as was expected/, reported;as is mentioned above;as is often the case 59 名师大课堂英语 考点知识整合 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词及其用法 续表 关系 用法 代词 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主 who 用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 句前、中、后，as常译为“正如…，正 关系 用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who 像.”。从句的谓语动词多为see, 代词 代替；若从句中的介词提到关系代词 know,expect,say,mention,report whom 前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾 as和 语，不可用who代替 which 的用 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前 which 用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 法区 面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译 既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与 别 为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的 who,whom互换，指物时通常可与 that 从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果 which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或 关系 表语 表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在 She and her family bicycle to work,which whose 从句中作定语。指物时相当于of helps them keep fit. which;指人时相当于of whom 她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们 引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既 保持健康。 可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾 89 语、表语。引导非限制性定语从句，先 The little problems that we meet in our 行词为整个主句，意为“正如；像” daily lives may be inspirations for great 2.关系代词的用法区别 inventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问 题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 先行词是all,few,little, much,something, anything, My eldest son,whose work takes him all nothing等不定代词时 over the world,is in New York at the moment..我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于 关系 只用 先行词被the only,the very, 代词 世界各地，他现在在纽约。 that的 the same,all等修饰时 that和 情况 We'll reach the sales targets in a month which 先行词是序数词、形容词最高 which/that we set at the beginning of the 的用 级或被序数词或形容词最高 year.我们将在一个月内达到年初所定的销 法区 级修饰时 售目标。 别 先行词既有人又有物时 The number of smokers,as is reported,has 只用 引导非限制性定语从句时 dropped by 17 percent in just one year. which 关系代词指物，且前 正如报道的那样，烟民的数量仅在一年内就 的情况 有介词时 已经下降了17%。 60 第一部分 语法知识专项 ★名师点津：(1)whom,which,that在从 的，像…之类的)，the same十名词十as 句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能 (和…同样的)。 省略，也不能用that; Such machines as are used in our workshop (2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于 are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的 下列句式：such十名词十as(像…一样 机器是中国制造的。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系 Students should involve themselves in 用法 副词 community activities where they can gain 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表 experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团 when 时间的介词(in,at,on,during等)十 活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 which” Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?你知道他昨天没参加 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表 会议的原因吗？ where 地点的介词(in,at,on,under等)+ which” ★名师点津：当先行词为situation,case, stage,point等，且关系词在定语从句中 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于 why 作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。 “for+which” Their child is at the stage where she can say The days are gone when physical strength was individual words but not full sentences. all you needed to make a living. 他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 说完整句子的阶段。 考点三“介词十关系代词”结构引导的定语从句 1.“介词十关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。 The newly-built cafe,the walls of which ( 其中关系代词只能用which和whom,且不 whose walls)are painted light green,is really a 能省略。 peaceful place for us,especially after hard Some experts think reading is the fundamental work.这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅 skill upon which school education depends. 绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方， 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基 特别是在辛苦工作后。 本技能。 2.“the+名词+of which,/whom”结构引导的 3.“表示全部或部分的词语+of which/whom” 定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性 结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的 定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系 词或结构有：不定代词(al,both,none, 代词为所属关系。 some,most等)；数词（基数词、序数词、百分 61 名师大课堂英语 数、分数、several等)；the+形容词的比较级 during which time 在此期间 /最高级。 at which time 在这时 Scientists have advanced many theories at which point 在这一时刻 about why human beings cry tears,none of for which reason 由于这个原因 in which case 在这一情况下 which has been proved. He may win the competition,in which case 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣 he is likely to get into the national team. 时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就 Many young people,most of whom were 可能进入国家队。 well-educated,headed for remote regions to ★名师点津：“复合介词短语十which”结 chase their dreams. 构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦 开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 He lived in a big house,in front of which 4.“介词+which+名词”结构引导的定语从 stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子 句。常见的类似结构： 里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。 考法重难突破 考法一 关系代词和关系副词的用法(10 考法二“介词十关系代词”引导的定语 年20考) 从句 关系代词that/which/who/whom/as在 解答此类题注意两点： 定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose作定 (1)选择介词时，主要看与先行词、从句中谓语 语，表示所属关系。关系副词where./when/ 动词或形容词的搭配。 why在定语从句中作状语。做题时首先要找 (2)选择关系代词时，先行词是物，则只能用 准先行词，然后分析定语从句缺少的成分，如 which;先行词是人，则只能用whom。 果从句中缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系 代词；如果从句中缺状语，则用关系副词或“介 [解题思路] 词十关系代词”。 另外，考生应重点掌握that与which引导 分析句子结构，确定考查定语从句 定语从句时的区别。如：先行词是序数词、形 定 判断考查限制性定语从句还是非限制性定 容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 语 语从句 时，只能用that,不能用which。 解 根据从句句子结构确定使用关系代词还是 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区 路 关系副词 别也需重点关注。如：若设空处指代整个主句 根据先行词确定使用哪一个关系代词或关 的内容，意为“正如；就像”，从句位于句首或者 系副词 句中时，则设空处常用关系代词as。 62 第一部分语法知识专项 例1(2023·全国乙卷·片段)But for composting containers rather than a landfill all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place it would be buried and would welcomes the fast-paced produce planet-warming gases. development of modern life,with 21st-century 8.The team is devoted to protecting the 45,000 architectural wonders standing side by side square meters of murals(壁画)and more with historical buildings of the past. than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 思路点拔：考查定语从句。句意：除了它所有 735 caves of the site,the construction of 的古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节 took about a thousand years, 奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的 from the 4th century to the 14th century. 历史建筑并排矗立。限制性定语从句的先行 9.Beer is the most popular drink among male 词是“a place'”,指物，定语从句中缺主语，故 drinkers, overall consumption is 填which/that。 significantly higher than that of women. 例2（经典高考）In ancient China lived 10.People want to listen to someone an artist paintings were almost is interesting,relaxed and comfortable. lifelike. 11.To write his own medical text,Li Shizhen 思路点拨：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有 referenced over 800 medical texts,countless 一位画家，他的画棚栩如生。“ books on history and geography,and paintings were almost lifelike”为定语从句， works of literature.He even studied the 先行词为artist,设空处修饰paintings作定 complete works of many ancient poets, 语，故填whose。 from he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. [专项考点练] 12.Many common dishes in Chinese households 1.Within weeks,it had all been digested,and are rich in flavor and deeply all was left was pure water. rooted in regional culinary(烹饪) 2.Even though Britain has a reputation for less traditions are included in the list. than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more 13.He said that through his involvement in top class chefs who appear frequently on road running events,not only has he our television screens and recipe improved his physical health and expanded books frequently top the best seller lists. his social circle,but also witnessed his 3.When he was working there,he caught a progress in running, also helped serious illness from effects he him realize the true meaning of competing. still suffers. 14.In ancient times,the pipa was a popular 4.When deeply absorbed in work, instrument among scholars and artists, he often was,he would forget all about many of wrote poems and music eating and sleeping. inspired by the pipa. 5.Additionally,from time to time I will 15. David Myers points out, assign group work to be completed in class "Actual income doesn't much influence or short assignments to be completed at happiness;how satisfied we are with our home,both of will be graded. income does.If we're content with our 6.It is known to us all that the old scientist, income,regardless of how much it is, for life was hard in the past,still we're likely to say we're happy.To put it works hard in his eighties. another way,satisfaction isn't so much 7.For the past year,all the leftover food getting what you want as wanting what waste from the school has gone into you have.” 63