专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，浙江专用）高一英语上学期

**基本信息** 精选浙江多联盟高一上期中说明文阅读真题，覆盖人与社会、自然等五大主题，融合科技前沿（如AI相机、茶采摘机器人）与环境热点（光污染、超加工食品），梯度设题培养信息获取与逻辑思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|约40题|细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意|以“Fishing for Energy”项目考查细节查找，“植物发声”研究训练推理能力，“慢食运动”篇章提升文化意识，匹配高考真题命题趋势。|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·浙江强基联盟-11月·期中）Fishing tools that are thrown away are a serious danger to ocean life. These “ghost nets” continue to catch and kill animals even after being thrown away by fishermen. They either float in the water or sit on the seabed, causing great harm to sea wildlife. The problem is highlighted by a single net found in Puget Sound in 2009. Within just six months, it had already caught over 450 salmon, 1,300 sharks, 1,800 birds, 16,900 crabs, and 11 seals. Scientists believe that 10 to 30 percent of all business fishing tools are lost or thrown away every year. This means countless nets remain in the ocean, killing sea animals nonstop. However, an important program called Fishing for Energy is working to deal with it. It brings together several organizations, including Covanta Energy Company and the National Fish and Wildlife Organization. Since 2008, they have successfully taken away nearly four million pounds of lost fishing tools from the ocean. Collecting lost fishing tools is a difficult task. It requires finding the tools underwater, pulling them up, and bringing them to coast. To make it easier, Fishing for Energy has set up collection sites at ports in nine states. They give free boxes where fishermen can put the recovered tools. The program also offers prizes to fishermen who take away fishing waste from the sea and provides them with free educational programs. Once collected, the tools are recycled to make power for locals. Any metal parts made of materials like gold, silver or iron are taken away, and the materials left are turned into energy at special factories. The program has grown rapidly. It started with one disposal site (垃圾处理场) in Massachusetts in 2008 and now has 55 sites across twelve states. Fishermen are developing new ways to find more tools, and local groups are giving money to workshops to find better solutions. Additionally, the program supports the development of new technology that makes fish-catching tools stop working after a certain period, as required by law. 1.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. The ghost nets around Puget Sound caught 11 seals in total in 2009. B. A large number of sea animals die because of ghost nets every year. C. The problem caused by ghost nets is less serious than people imagine. D. The ghost nets have covered around 20% of business fishing nets so far. 2.What does the underlined word “recovered” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. Used. B. Collected. C. Repaired. D. bought. 3.What do we know about the “Fishing for Energy” program? A. It helps local people to get more power. B. It has 56 waste treatment places in total. C. It requires fishermen to buy the collection boxes. D. It provides fishermen with new fishing techniques. 4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A. Ghost Nets: The Silent Killer for Sea Animals B. Fishing for Energy: A Project for Producing Power C. Ghost Nets: The Huge Treasure for Power Production D. Fishing for Energy: A Program for Saving Ocean Life 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江五湖联盟-11月·期中）A new study shows that vitamin D might help people age more slowly. The research was published in a medical journal called The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Scientists found that vitamin D may protect telomeres. Telomeres are parts at the end of our DNA that get shorter as we get older. When they get too short, they can cause health problems like cancer. The study used data from a larger project called the VITAL trial. In this study, over 1,000 adults (women aged 55+ and men aged 50+) were followed for five years. Some people took 2,000 units of vitamin D and 1 gram of omega-3 every day. Others took a placebo. The scientists checked their telomere length at the beginning, after two years, and after four years. The results showed that vitamin D helped slow the shortening of telomeres. This may mean that vitamin D slows biological aging by about three years. However, omega-3 did not show any effect on telomere length. Experts say these results are interesting, but they want more research. The study was small, and it only looked at one type of cell. Scientists still do not know how this connects to real-life health outcomes. Vitamin D has other known health benefits. It can help keep bones strong, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease. But too much vitamin D can cause health problems, like high calcium levels or kidney issues. To get vitamin D, people can spend time in the sun, take supplements, or eat certain foods. These include fatty fish like salmon and tuna, egg yolks, and vitamin D-fortified milk. Some mushrooms and cheese also contain small amounts. Doctors say it’s best to check your vitamin D level before taking supplements. In healthy people with normal levels, extra vitamin D might not be helpful. Good sleep, exercise, a healthy diet, and not smoking are still the best ways to stay young and healthy. 1.According to the study, what may vitamin D protect? A. Omega-3 B. Bones C. Blood pressure D. Telomeres 2.What did the results of the study show about omega-3? A. It caused health problems. B. It had no effect on telomere length. C. It helped slow the shortening of telomeres. D. It slowed biological aging by about three years. 3.What is the best way to know if you need vitamin D supplements according to doctors? A. Spend more time in the sun. B. Eat more fatty fish. C. Check your vitamin D level. D. Have a healthy diet and exercise. 4.What’s the best title of the passage? A. Vitamin D: A Key Player in Slowing the Aging Clock B. Vitamin D: The Secret to Maintaining Real-life Health C. Doctors’ Tips: Stay Young with Vitamin D Supplements D. The VITAL Trial: A Deep Dive into Omega-3 and Telomeres Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江9+1联盟-11月·期中）For most of the traditional restaurants, it is challenging to deal with the increasing number of customers. But for Li Xianghui’s restaurants, things are different. Owning four restaurants, Li bought a number of cooking machines, which can operate tirelessly day and night. Packed in boxes, all dishes are semi-finished (半加工的) and can be served within minutes after they are put into the machines. Automation (自动化) is the future of the food service industry. It can reduce labor cost pressure in traditional restaurants and improve efficiency. Besides, automated equipment follows certain set processes, which can make sure of the same taste for each order. The cooking machine can make about 2, 000 recipes (食谱), according to Li. Once seated, customers scan a QR code (二维码) and use an app to make their meal selection and pay. With the only waiter putting the semi-finished food kit into the machine, the meal will be served in minutes. What’s worth mentioning is that the robot “cook” has attracted an increasing number of customers since the restaurant’s opening, as many customers say the taste is good and the price is not expensive. Researchers from the University of Cambridge have trained their robot “cook” to make a judgement about the saltiness of a dish at different stages of the chewing (咀嚼) process, like a similar process in humans, according to their research published in the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI. Their results could be useful in the development of automated or semi-automated food preparation by helping robots to learn what tastes good and what doesn’t, making them better “cooks”. “If robots are to be used for certain aspects of food preparation, it’s important that they are able to “taste” what they’re cooking,” said Grzegorz Sozacki, the paper’s first author. 1.How does the author introduce Li’s restaurant in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By giving examples. C. By making a contrast. D. By quoting someone’s words. 2.What feature of the cooking machines helps ensure the same dish taste? A. They can work long without rest. B. They follow fixed operating steps. C. They can make 2,000 different recipes. D. They work with semi-finished food kits. 3.What is the main attraction for the restaurant’s customers? A. Its wide variety of dish choices. B. Its convenience in placing orders. C. Its high popularity on the internet. D. Its delicious food at reasonable prices. 4.What is the main purpose of the research by University of Cambridge researchers? A. To enable robots to check the flavor. B. To reduce robots’ operation costs. C. To train robots to cook more dishes. D. To improve robots’ cooking time. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟-11月·期中）A new study carried out among adolescents (青少年) in a high school theater program showed how to use positive emotions (情绪) to drive their work, Students also used strategies to manage their own and others’ bad emotions. The research was carried out through interviews with the students during a three-month theater program. This study showed how schools and programs can support the development of “emotional intelligence” in adolescents. Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign started open-ended interviews to get an in-depth understanding of one setting — a high school theater program. Ten teenagers were interviewed every two weeks over a three-month period while the theater group prepared a musical. Two adults who guided the production were also interviewed every two weeks. What’s more, the researchers observed the rehearsals (观察排练) weekly. During the rehearsals, teenagers reported emotional experiences, including sadness, anger, anxiety, and excitement. The program provided a culture that helped them learn to deal well with the events and feelings connected to these different emotions, the researchers found. The adults led by example, helping the teens develop strategies to manage strong emotions. The theater setting supported this process (过程) by putting the youth in situations in which emotions were likely to happen because the expectation of hard work created stress. Also, strong emotions were accepted and discussed openly with a culture of caring about others. “The development of ‘emotional intelligence’ is important to adult work and family life, but many young people arrive in adulthood with incomplete emotional skills,” according to Reed W. Larson, the study’s lead author. “Our research findings suggest how, under the right conditions, adolescents learn these skills. Although further research is needed, youth programs, such as the theater program. along with schools that provide these conditions may lead to better emotional learning.” 1.What did the new study find? A. Theater programs are popular among high schoolers. B. Doing theater helps teenagers with emotional growth. C. Emotional skills are important to student success. D. High school teaching is a performing art. 2.How did the researchers get information for the study? A. By holding interviews. B. By preparing a musical. C. By teaching at the local school. D. By reviewing students’ performances. 3.What can we say about the adults in the theater program? A. They experienced the same emotions as the teens. B. They were close observers of the program. C. They provided models for the students. D. They were in control of the new study. 4.What is Reed W. Larson’s attitude towards the theater program? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Worried. D. Supportive. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江北仑中学·期中）The following are top 4 inspiring books you must read. My Life: An Illustrated Biography by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 4.36 ★★★★☆ 2,648 ratings A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s inspiring autobiography shares his journey from humble beginnings to becoming India’s ‘People’s President’ and a leading scientist. Readers find his story motivational, especially for young ambitious scientists. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Dream Big: From Humble Beginnings to Space Pioneer. ●Embrace Opportunities and Lifelong Learning. Read the book summary Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson 4.04 ★★★★☆ 141,028 ratings In this engaging biography, Walter Isaacson brings to life Benjamin Franklin, a multi-talented person whose contributions to science, politics, and society shaped America. Readers praise the book for its thorough research and balanced portrayal of Franklin’s complexities. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Franklin’s early life shaped his character and values. ●Franklin’s scientific pursuits revolutionized our understanding of electricity. Read the book summary Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson 4.5 ★★★★☆ 1,262,739 ratings Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs offers a rare look at the life of the Apple co-founder, detailing his genius, shortcomings, and the innovations that transformed technology. With over a million ratings, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of science and entrepreneurship. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Passion for perfection and design drove Apple’s innovative product development. ●Jobs’s complex personality shaped his management style and company culture. Read the book summary Marie Curie: A Life of Discovery and Dedication by Susan Quinn 4.2 ★★★★☆ 32,456 ratings In this captivating biography, Susan Quinn brings to life the extraordinary journey of Marie Curie, a pioneering scientist whose groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity reshaped the world of science. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Marie Curie’s early life and education laid the foundation for her groundbreaking career. ●Her discoveries of polonium and radium revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure and led to significant advancements in medicine. Read the book summary 1.What distinguishes My Life from the other three books? A. It is the only autobiography. B. It is the book with the highest rating. C. It is about a scientist who also became a political leader. D. It is the only book including the scientist’s early life. 2.What can we learn about Steve Jobs according to Walter Isaacson’s biography? A. Jobs’ pursuit for excellence fueled technological innovation. B. Jobs’ management style was highly praised by his colleagues. C. Jobs focused mainly on the business side of Apple. D. Jobs had a simple and straightforward personality. 3.Where is this passage most likely taken from? A. A travel brochure. B. A scientific report. C. A history book. D. A book review website. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江强基联盟-11月·期中）In a world of fast food and quick meals, the Slow Food movement stands out as a unique idea. It was started in Italy in 1986 as a protest (抗议) against a new fast-food restaurant. The movement’s goal is simple yet important: to protect traditional food and local dishes, support sustainable (可持续的) farming, and help people feel more connected to the food they eat. It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed. The movement champions the values of good, clean, and fair food. “Good” refers to the enjoyment of fresh, flavorsome, and seasonal food that is healthy for the body. “Clean” means food production that does not harm the environment, animal welfare, or human health. “Fair” demands that consumers pay fair prices for their food and that producers, from farmers to chefs, receive fair pay and working conditions. But Slow Food is more than just about what you eat. It’s a cultural idea that protects food traditions and different types of plants and animals. It promotes biodiversity (生物多样性) by saving old types of plants and animal breeds that industrial farming often ignores. The movement also brings people together by encouraging cooking and eating meals as a community, which helps protect local traditions. By asking us to think about where our food comes from and how it is made, the Slow Food movement challenges the modern food system. Instead of being passive consumers who just buy food, it invites us to become co-producers. This means we take an active part in our food chain, making choices that are better for us, for the community, and for the planet. 1.A “different way of thinking” encourages people to ________. A. protect plants from being harmed B. choose dishes from other countries C. eat at a slower and more regular pace D. consider where and how food is produced 2.According to the passage, what does “fair food” mean? A. The food is not expensive to buy. B. The food is fresh, tasty and healthy for the body. C. Every worker in the process of food production gets fair payment. D. The process of producing the food will not harm the environment. 3.Which statement is correct about the Slow Food movement? A. It has forced all fast-food restaurants in Italy to close since its start in 1986. B. It encourages people to play an active role in the food chain. C. Its “clean” principle mainly focuses on making sure food is healthy to eat. D. It protects local food traditions only by saving old kinds of plants and animals. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new type of food culture. B. To help protect biodiversity in Italy. C. To call on people to eat healthily and fairly. D. To fight against fast food restaurants. 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·浙江台金七校·期中）When it comes to invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us think about bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use the light of the moon and stars to learn about the world and make important decisions. Many insects use the weak light of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness. For centuries, artificial (人造的) light has been a sign of technological advance. Light has shaped human civilization. But while we enjoy its convenience, we often overlook the darker side of lighting: light pollution. It harms ecosystem, with serious results for wildlife, human health and energy use. A 2021 study found that caterpillar (毛毛虫) numbers were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth (蛾) is a small but important species. In early spring its caterpillars provide key food for blue tit chicks. But light pollution confuses the adult moths, breaks up mating and influences egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With falling caterpillar numbers, blue tits find it hard to feed their young. In one sense, light pollution is quite easy to solve — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lit naturally by moonlight. But in fact, this is mostly not possible as lights are meant to make humans’ lives easier, so humans are often not willing to give them up. If we cannot turn off the lights, there are other management approaches we can take to lessen their harm. We can control their number, make them less strong, and shorten the time they are on. However, it remains unclear how much artificial light influences invertebrates, and whether they can get used to changes in time. These changes probably influence their health and life, so more studies are needed to understand what difficulties artificial light brings to them. We need experts from different fields to work together to understand the wider influence of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to find proper solutions. 1.What do we know about most of invertebrates? A. They are dying out. B. They are active at night. C. They use darkness to hide. D. They depend on natural light to live. 2.What does the 2021 study show? A. The danger of street lights. B. The importance of caterpillars. C. The challenge in wildlife protection. D. The influence of light pollution on ecosystem. 3.What does the author think of the other management approaches? A. They are easy to apply. B. They are widely accepted. C. They call for further research. D. They require immediate action. 4.What can be the best title for the passage? A. Night Animals: What Are Their Secret s? B. Caterpillar Decrease: What Is the Real Cause? C. Artificial Light: Should We Turn It Off Or Not? D. The Night Shift: How Does Light Pollution Harm Nature? 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江金砖高中联盟-11月·期中）It’s very common to lose touch with someone you consider a friend. In a 2024 study, 90 percent of participants admitted they had let an old friendship go. Most further claimed that they were not sure whether their friend would actually like to hear from them again. But that wasn’t the only obstacle. In two follow-up studies, the research team identified a group of about 1,000 participants altogether who were in a good spot to reach out. They had someone in mind they thought would be glad to hear from them. They wished to reconnect as well and had contact information. Surprisingly, even after being prompted by the study, only a third of this group actually reached out. Why might that be? One possibility is that the old friend felt like a stranger, and you aren’t comfortable talking to strangers. When the team introduced an exercise that made people feel less shy about talking to a stranger, they also became more likely to reach out to the old friend. There are many other possibilities. You might be shy in general. You might be busy and tired in your free time. You might be satisfied with your family life or feel you need to give your spouse or children more of your attention. Perhaps you are a little embarrassed by how your life has turned out. In any of those circumstances, why should you push yourself to make the effort? Why reaching out to old friends is worth it. Most of us understand that strong relationships make us happier and healthier. You might think that one or two stable bonds are enough. However, research suggests that people with a bigger network tend to be happier, especially in later life. It also helps to have a diverse network of people who live in different places, know you in different ways, or vary in age or interests. Although having a strong marriage or tie with a sibling is priceless, it’s best to be able to turn to a range of people to fill different needs. A diversified friend group is like having a diversified group of mutual funds. When one goes down, the other might be going up. If you’re feeling excited about seeing your old camp buddies, reach out. 1.According to the passage, what was the surprising finding of the follow-up studies? A. People were too shy to talk to strangers. B. About 90% of people have let an old friendship go. C. Most people don’t have their old friends’ contact information. D. Only about 30% of the participants actually contacted their old friend. 2.What does “spouse” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. A close old friend. B. A husband or wife. C. A parent or child. D. A teacher or classmate. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards reconnecting old friends? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Family bonds are considered more important than friendships. B. Career achievements outweigh maintaining social connections. C. Reconnecting with past companions benefits personal well-being. D. People should avoid rebuilding former relationships intentionally. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟-11月·期中）Philadelphia, sometimes also called Philly, is a big city on the Delaware River in the southeaster state of Pennsylvania. It has about 1.5 million people. William Penn, an Englishman, erected Pennsylvania in the 1680s. He also designed the city. Penn chose the name Philadelphia — a term meaning “city of brotherly love” in Greek. Philadelphia is famous for holding an important place in American history. It served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government. The buildings where they worked can be seen today in an area called the Old City, or Independence National Historical Park. The main building is Independence Hall. That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. The National Park Service says more than 2.6 million people visited Independence National Historical Park last year. Close to the park is the National Liberty Museum. It holds a collection of more than ninety paintings and sculptures. Several blocks away lies the National Constitution (宪法) Center. This privately operated nonprofit museum opened its doors in Philadelphia on July 4, 2003. It was created to increase public recognition of the Constitution, its history, and its importance today. Rich with tradition, Philadelphia offers plenty to visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for hungry visitors. Reading Terminal Market, for example, is one of the nation’s largest public markets. At Reading Terminal Market, visitors can find all kinds of foods — including, of course, Philly cheesesteak. The city is known for these sandwiches. They are made of thin pieces of meat covered with cheese. A cheesesteak is offered with onions and other toppings and served on a long roll. 1.What does the underlined word “erected” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Explored. B. Attacked. C. Founded. D. Recommended. 2.What does the author intend to tell us about Philadelphia in paragraph 3? A. Its local cultural traditions. B. Its unique architectural style. C. Its popular tourist activities. D. Its vital historical position. 3.What do we know about the National Constitution Center? A. It focuses on citizen constitutional education. B. It attracts many tourists every year. C. It has a large collection of artworks. D. It is privately run and requires a fee to visit. 4.How does Philadelphia attract visitors who care little about history? A. By teaching traditional food cooking skills. B. By introducing all kinds of delicious food. C. By organizing various music festivals. D. By promoting local fashion shows. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江浙东北ZDB联盟·期中）Los Angeles, commonly known as LA, offers many reasons to visit whether you’re a Hollywood fan, theme park enthusiast, beachgoer, art lover or foodie. By the end of this year, it is expected to welcome 720,000 Chinese visitors, marking a 60 percent recovery from 2019 levels. Despite the shortfall, China remains LA’s top overseas market. Adam Burke, president of the Los Angeles Tourism Bureau, said, “To return to the pre-pandemic levels of Chinese tourists, the first step is to increase the number of direct flights and improve visa services. The US has announced the addition of 1 million visa appointments in 2025, and visa wait times have decreased nearly 60 percent compared with those in 2021. Market research also shows that Chinese visitors to LA now include a wider age range, from 18 to 54, compared to the former 35 to 54 group including families with children, female travelers and business visitors, each with unique needs and preferences. To meet the needs of this expanded group, LA Tourism Bureau has made great efforts. “We’ve spent nearly 20 years working closely with the tourism industry of China, ensuring we can know our Chinese customers better,” Burke says. He notices that even during the pandemic, LA never stopped investing in new attractions. One example is Destination Crenshaw, a project that is transforming a 2.1-kilometer street of Crenshaw Boulevard into a public space celebrating the community’s local culture and creativity, with trees, parks and artistic statues. “Younger travelers seek to explore both popular attractions and the uniqueness of a destination,” Burke says, “LA and its diverse cultures are just what they want.” According to China Tourism Group, Chinese tourists favor small group tours with in-depth experiences, personalized services, high-quality accommodations and dining, and flexible schedules. Fliggy, an online travel platform, partnered with the LA Tourism Bureau to offer more personalized travel services, including museum tours, sports events and beach experiences. 1.What has Los Angeles government done to attract Chinese tourists? A. Increased indirect flights to China. B. Trained Chinese travel guides. C. Added 1 million visa appointments. D. Built new theme parks. 2.Which group might be the newcomers to Los Angeles? A. College students. B. Female travelers. C. Senior tourists. D. Business visitors. 3.Why is the example of Destination Crenshaw mentioned? A. To support the diversity of Los Angeles. B. To introduce a new attraction. C. To prove the improvement of tourism services. D. To show the city’s efforts to attract tourists. 4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Destination Crenshaw was the most popular site among Chinese visitors. B. Los Angeles has strengthened cooperation with China’s tourism industry. C. Fliggy has replaced LA’s traditional agencies for better tourism services. D. Chinese tourists now favor small group tours with personalized services. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江浙里特色联盟-11月·期中）The beach may seem like an inviting place to run on a cool summer morning, but is running on the sand good for your body? It can be, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges that some beach runners experience before you get ready. Running on the beach can be a good thing. For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平坦的) surface. As you push off, you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves. So, you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement. But this unevenness has an upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces. For example, your feet, ankles and lower back might feel more tired than usual after a beach run just because the surface is constantly moving and changing step to step. You also might feel sore afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) down to the water. If you’re going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body might feel sorer because you’re putting more pressure on it due to the slope. Some beach runners prefer to run barefoot — not wearing anything on feet. However, if you’re not used to barefoot running, start slowly and don’t run long distances at first. That’s because running barefoot uses more different muscles than running with shoes does, and it’s important to strengthen these muscles and adapt (适应) your feet. If you want to run barefoot and as long as you run carefully enough into it, go for it. Running on the sand can be a smart choice for you, because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage. 1.Why is it difficult to run on the beach for starters? A. People fall off constantly. B. People are easy to get tired. C. More pressure is put on both sides of their body. D. Running on its uneven surface takes much effort. 2.What does the underlined word “upside” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Error. B. Effect. C. Advantage. D. Adventure. 3.What’s the author’s attitude to barefoot running? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. Muscle training strategies. B. Barefoot running techniques. C. Methods for choosing running shoes. D. Challenges and benefits of beach running. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江卓越高中联盟-11月·期中）In late 2021, a volcano (火山) named Cumbre Vieja erupted on the island of La Palma, Spain. It covered hundreds of acres of banana farms in ash. At first, farmers like Moisés Pulido thought this was a disaster. They couldn’t have imagined that the volcano might actually help them. The eruption might hold a key to saving bananas worldwide. A fungus called Fusarium wilt is a main threat to the world’s most common banana, the Cavendish. It stops water and nutrients (营养物质) from reaching the plant’s roots, which can cause the plant to die. Scientists fear this could one day make the Cavendish banana die out. Luckily, the volcanic ash that buried the farms helps protect the banana plants from the fungus. According to professor Jesús S. Notario del Pino, a lava (岩浆) flow “resets time to zero”, making it hard for the fungus to survive in the new soil. It also contains important nutrients like iron, zinc and potassium, which are important for growing bananas. Another professor from the University of La Laguna, Antonio Marrero, points out that while crops grow more slowly here than in hotter places, they are free from many common diseases. This offers a great advantage, especially since most bananas are grown as monocrops-large areas with only one type of plant-which makes them highly vulnerable to disease. While volcanic soil is a great help, some farmers, like Fran Garlaz, believe that depending on a single crop is still a huge risk. On his farm, he grows over 200 different kinds of plants. He argues that monocropping is “not scientific or sustainable”. Despite his efforts, big banana farms still cover almost half of La Palma’s farmland. 1.How does the Fusarium wilt fungus harm bananas? A. It stops the plant’s from getting nutrients. B. It pollutes all the surrounding topsoil. C. It attacks the developing banana fruit itself. D. It poisons the plant’s entire root system. 2.What benefit does volcanic soil offer the plants? A. It speeds up their overall growth cycle. B. It kills the fungus both in the old and new soil. C. It defends them from common diseases. D. It ensures the sustainable growth of bananas. 3.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3? A. Weak. B. Addicted. C. Helpful. D. Safe. 4.What is a suitable title for the passage? A. A Danger of Monocropping B. A Volcanic Solution for Bananas C. An Eruption of Cumbre Vieja D. A Fight against Fusarium Wilt Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江G5联盟-11月·期中）A team led by University of Maryland (UMD) computer scientists has invented a camera named the Artificial Microsaccade-Enhanced Event Camera (AMI-EV), which improves how robots see and react to the world around them. “Event cameras are a relatively new technology better at tracking moving objects than traditional cameras, but today’s event cameras struggle to catch sharp images when there’s a lot of movement included,” said the paper’s lead author He Botao. Tracking moving objects is a big problem because robots and many other technologies — such as self-driving cars — depend on accurate (精确的) and timely images to react correctly to a changing environment. So, researchers asked themselves: How do humans and animals make sure their vision (视野) stays focused on a moving object? For He’s team, the answer was microsaccades, small and quick eye movements that happen when a person tries to focus their view. Through these minute yet continuous movements, the human eyes can keep focusing on an object and its visual textures — such as color, depth and shadow — accurately over time. Just like how human eyes need those tiny movements to stay focused, the camera uses a similar method to get clear and accurate images without movement-caused cloudiness. According to Aloimonos, a professor of computer science at UMD, human eyes take pictures of the world around us and those pictures are sent to the brain, where the images are processed. Perception (感知) happens through that process and that’s how people understand the world. When researchers are working with robots, they replace the eyes with a camera and the brain with a computer. Better cameras mean better perception and reactions for robots. The researchers believe that their invention could have important applications beyond robotics. People working in industries that depend on accurate image recording or shape detection of moving targets are continually looking for ways to improve their cameras, and the AMI-EV could be the key solution to many of the problems they face. With its unique characters, the AMI-EV is supposed to take center stage in the field of smart wearable technology. 1.What is the AMI-EV designed for? A. Making taking pictures easier. B. Replacing traditional cameras. C. Taking photos more continuously. D. Following moving objects better. 2.Why does the writer mention how human eyes work? A. To help us understand how the new camera works. B. To explain why human vision is better than machines. C. To point out the weaknesses of current robots. D. To show how technology is always advancing. 3.Who might benefit most from the applications of the AMI-EV? A. Fitness equipment designers. B. Self-driving car repairmen. C. Documentary directors. D. Professional athletes. 4.What could be a suitable title for the text? A. The Working Pattern of Human Eyes B. Improved Cameras Inspired by Human Eyes C. The Importance of Smart Cameras D. Wide Future Applications of Smart Cameras Passage 3 （25-26高一上·浙江七彩阳光·期中）Spring is the season to harvest West Lake Longjing tea. Nowadays, it is picked not only by human workers but also by tea-picking robots! At the end of March, Hangzhou welcomed its peak period for large-scale harvesting. In one tea garden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-tech University made its debut (首次亮相) after five years of research and development. With a pull and a suck, the robotic arm separates the buds from the branches and then puts them into a temporary storage box. “The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data,” said Chen Jianneng, one of the researchers. This allows the robot to automatically identify tea buds with a success rate of over 90 percent. Yet, the robot’s efficiency needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale. According to Professor Wu Chuanyu, the robot can currently only perform the work of 1.5 workers. It would need to do the work of 5 workers to be feasible on a larger scale. Additionally, the robot can now only be used on flat terrain (地形), not on more complex surfaces such as mountains. It may take five to ten years to realize these goals. Tea planting and processing are also becoming “smarter”. For example, there are special lamps that can attract pests but will not hurt other “friendly” insects. This equipment can operate 24-7, using color panels and lights to draw pests in day and night and then kill them with an electric grid. In terms of tea roasting, although machine-roasted tea is quite widespread, many tea enthusiasts argue that this method lacks the authentic (真正的) flavor of tea made by hand-roasting. Researchers at Zhejiang University are trying to measure the subtle differences between the two methods to enhance machine performance. They’re researching AI technologies to enable them to gain data and make adjustments to roasting methods and temperatures in real time. 1.How does the robot know which parts to pick? A. By using heat sensors to find the warmest leaves. B. By picking any green part it touches by chance. C. By following a fixed path and picking everything there. D. By learning from tea bud images to identify the correct buds. 2.The underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 3 most likely means ________. A. Necessary. B. Workable. C. Useful. D. Cheap. 3.What can we learn about the tea-picking robots from the passage? A. They can identify every tea bud without failure. B. They can work on flat ground and complex mountain areas as well. C. They can only help with picking tea but not other production steps. D. They have not been widely applied yet because of their limitations. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Technology is Changing Tea Production B. West Lake Longjing Tea: A Spring Harvest C. From Bud to Cup: The Life of a Tea Leaf D. The Challenges Facing Tea-Picking Robots 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江金砖高中联盟-11月·期中）An international team of scientists has made a surprising discovery: some types of bacteria (细菌) living inside tumors can actually produce a special molecule (分子) that helps our body fight cancer. We usually think such bacteria are in our gut or on our skin, but new research shows that tumors have their own unique ones that can help too. This exciting finding was published in the journal Cell Systems. The researchers focused on a powerful molecule named 2-methylisocitrate (2-MiCit). This molecule is made by a common bacterium called E. coli, which was found living inside colorectal tumors (结直肠肿瘤). How did they find it? They first tested over 1,100 different conditions using tiny worms as a simple model. After this, they used computer models to check their discovery and confirmed that bacteria taken from real cancer patients' tumors could also produce 2-MiCit. The most important part of the study happened when they tested 2-MiCit directly on human cancer cells in the lab and on fruit flies that had colorectal cancer. In both experiments, the molecule showed strong anti-cancer effects. It successfully killed cancer cells and even helped the sick flies live longer. Professor Filipe Cabreiro, one of the lead scientists, explained, “We are starting to understand the chemical conversation between bacteria and cancer cells. This bacterial chemical can be a powerful partner for chemotherapy (化疗) to treat cancer.” So, how does it work? The study shows that 2-MiCit attacks the energy centers of the cancer cells. This attack causes damage to the cell’s DNA and weakens the cancer cell. Because the cancer cells are weaker, they become much easier to kill with a common chemotherapy drug called 5-FU. Using 2-MiCit and 5-FU together was much more effective at killing cancer cells than using either one by itself. Furthermore, the scientists created a changed, stronger, man-made version of the 2-MiCit molecule. This shows that we have the potential to create new and better drugs for cancer. These findings open up new paths for cancer treatment and personalized medicine. 1.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To discuss the side effects of a drug. B. To explain how bacteria can be harmful. C. To recommend a new drug which is helpful to fight cancer. D. To introduce a new finding on how bacteria help fight cancer. 2.What can we infer from Professor Filipe Cabreiro’s words? A. The talk between bacteria and cancer cells is fully known now. B. The way bacteria and cancer cells interact can be used for treatment. C. Chemotherapy is not needed for cancer treatment anymore. D. Personal microbes are not important for personalized medicine. 3.According to the passage, how does 2-MiCit help fight cancer? A. By replacing chemotherapy drugs. B. By providing energy for healthy cells. C. By damaging the DNA of cancer cells. D. By making the walls of cancer cells stronger. 4.Which of the following is TRUE based on the passage? A. 2-MiCit was first found in human patients. B. Using 2-MiCit with 5-FU was less effective. C. A more powerful version of 2-MiCit was made. D. The research only studied bacteria on the skin. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江浙东北ZDB联盟·期中）Doctors often recommend a form of Vitamin B3, called nicotinamide, to patients who have had skin cancer (癌症). A new study, published in JAMA Dermatology, adds more evidence to support this practice. The research included nearly 34,000 patients with a history of non-melanoma skin cancers, finding that those who took nicotinamide had a lower risk of developing the non-melanoma skin cancers again. The greatest benefit was seen in those who started taking the nicotinamide soon after their first skin cancer diagnosis (诊断). For this group, participants who took 500 mg twice daily for at least one month had a 54% lower risk of developing a new skin cancer compared to those who did not take it. Across all participants, the average was reduced by 14%. This finding has influenced medical practice. Dr. Sarah Arron, a skin cancer expert, commented that the results were helpful. Before, she was uncertain about when to recommend the nicotinamide. But now she plans to recommend it to patients after their first skin cancer diagnosis. She added that the nicotinamide is widely available, has minimal side effects, and is different from niacin, another Vitamin B3 form without the same functions. However, the study also leaves some questions unanswered. It is still unclear whether people without any history of skin cancer would benefit from taking the nicotinamide. Dr. Arron suggests that high-risk individuals might benefit, but more research is needed. Additionally, the study did not examine whether Vitamin B3 has any effect on melanoma, a more dangerous type of skin cancer. It is also unknown whether skincare products containing Vitamin B3, popular for improving skin appearance, have any cancer-prevention benefits. In conclusion, nicotinamide is helpful in dealing with skin cancer for specific high-risk groups. But Dr. Arron still reminds public that the best prevention strategies are well-known: using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing. 1.According to the research, who might benefit the MOST from taking nicotinamide? A. People who have never had any skin cancer. B. People who use skincare products containing Vitamin B3. C. People who are diagnosed with their first skin cancer. D. People who have had multiple skin cancers before. 2.What was Dr. Arron’s attitude towards nicotinamide after the new study? A. Opposed. B. Uncertain. C. Confident. D. Indifferent. 3.The study can be improved in the following aspects EXCEPT_____________. A. exploring its effect on people who have never had skin cancer B. proving the differences between nicotinamide and niacin C. checking if Vitamin B3 skincare products can prevent cancer D. studying its influence on the dangerous melanoma 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Vitamin B3: Effective in Treating Melanoma B. Vitamin B3: Better Than Sunscreen for Skin Protection C. Nicotinamide: A Complete cure for Skin Cancers D. Nicotinamide: Reducing Risk of Skin Cancer Returning 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江北仑中学·期中）In today’s world, bad news seems endless — wars, economic crises, and climate disasters fill headlines. Yet, many of us can’t stop checking our phones for updates, even late into the night. This habit, known as “doom-scrolling”, traps people in a cycle of consuming negative content. Humans naturally focus on threats — a survival need from ancient times. Early humans who noticed dangers like predators (掠食者) had better chances to survive. Modern media uses this natural ability, prioritizing shocking headlines with the rule “if it bleeds, it leads.” Social media now acts like a digital “lion in the grass”, feeding our brains endless alerts about global crises. Christopher Ferguson, a psychology professor at Stetson University, explains, “People who struggle with uncertainty are especially open to doom-scrolling.” This habit resembles contemplation (沉思) — repeating dark thoughts without solving problems. Research suggests heavy social media use may worsen mental health, linking it to depression and anxiety. Even if the cause-effect relationship is unclear, losing sleep over endless scrolling certainly harms mood. Physical effects are also emerging. Dan Nicolau, an immunobiologist at King’s College London, found that frequent social media users may have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation (炎症). This could result from the body preparing for imagined threats, leading to long-term inflammation linked to diseases. To escape this cycle, start by distancing yourself from your phone. Delete app shortcuts or use tools to limit screen time. Ferguson advises, “Social media should mostly be fun. Ask yourself: Are you enjoying this?” If not, create a plan. For example, use a catchphrase like “Stop scrolling” to interrupt the habit. Finally, avoid panicking about your tech use — small, mindful steps can rebuild a healthier relationship with your devices. By understanding why doom-scrolling happens and taking practical actions, we can reclaim our time and mental well-being. His final tips? Don’t doom-scroll about doom-scrolling. “It’s healthy to reflect on our relationship with technology. Just try not to panic while doing it,” Perguson said. 1.Why do people tend to focus on threats naturally? A. People enjoy consuming negative content. B. It is a survival need inherited from ancestors. C. Modern media prioritizes shocking headlines. D. Social media keeps informing us of global crises. 2.How does the author organize the information in Paragraph 3? A. By proving clear causes of health problems. B. By listing experts’ opinions from both sides. C. By showing study findings with explanations. D. By warning about risks and advising solutions. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Various doom-scrolling habits. B. Media’s role in doom-scrolling. C. The lasting effects of doom-scrolling. D. Strategies to overcome doom-scrolling. 4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. Stop researching doom-scrolling. B. Avoid discussing doom-scrolling. C. Don’t over-worry about doom-scrolling. D. Don’t learn about doom-scrolling online. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州第二中学·期中）A new study from UBC Okanagan says students appear to be using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) responsibly, and as a way to speed up tasks, not just improve their grades. Dr. Meaghan MacNutt, who teaches professional ethics (伦理学) in the UBCO School of Health and Exercise Sciences (HES), recently published a study which goes against common concerns about students’ use of AI. Students in three different courses, almost 400 participants, completed a survey about their use of AI on at least five reflective writing assignments. All three courses used an identical AI policy and students had the choice to use the tool for their writing. While only about one-third of the students used AI, the majority of users, 81 percent, reported their GenAI use was inspired by at least one of the following factors: speed and ease in completing the assignment, a desire for high grades and a desire to learn. About 15 percent of the students said they were motivated by all three factors, with more than 50 percent using it to save time on the assignment. “There is a lot of speculation (猜想) when it comes to students’ use of AI,” MacNutt says. “However, students in our study reported that GenAI use was motivated more by learning than by grades, and they are using GenAI tools selectively (有选择地) and in ways they believe are ethical and supportive of their learning. This was somewhat unexpected due to the common view that undergraduate students have become increasingly focused on grades at the expense of learning.” MacNutt says continued research in this area can only provide a better understanding of student behaviour and attitudes as GenAI technologies continue to advance. She also suggests, while AI continues to be used more frequently, that institutions and educators adopt an approach that reflects “collaboration with” rather than “surveillance of” students. 1.What can be inferred about Dr. MacNutt’s study? A. Participants were too limited. B. Policies on AI tool usage vary. C. AI is a choice for writing tasks. D. The survey focused on writing skills. 2.What was the main motivation for the majority of GenAI users in the study? A. To improve academic performance. B. To achieve higher grades effortlessly. C. To replace their own writing entirely. D. To gain an absolute advantage over others. 3.The underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 5 means ________. A. Ignoring. B. Monitoring. C. Understanding. D. Encouragement. 4.What is the significance of Dr. MacNutt’s study? A. It highlights common concerns about GenAI in education. B. It warns that GenAI might encourage shortcuts in learning. C. It proves that GenAI helps students improve their grades quickly. D. It shows that students can use GenAI responsibly to support learning. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江浙里特色联盟-11月·期中）Exams make us anxious. The silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the proud expression of the person sitting at the neighboring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do worse than those who do not. What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review. Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take. During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock exam (模拟考) 40 days before the real thing. To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?” Dr. Theobald found that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict (预测) exam performance at all. What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student showed in the mock and the earlier digital-learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, no matter how anxious they were on the day. What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety on the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to review during the exam itself. To reduce the anxiety, Dr. Theobald suggests a two-fold strategy for students. First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can reduce the importance of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life-or-death situation. 1.What causes poor exam results according to the research? A. The passing time. B. The proud neighbor. C. The quiet exam hall. D. The stressful review. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Who did the research. B. How the research was done. C. What was found in the research. D. Where the research was carried out. 3.When does anxiety most affect exam performance? A. On the day of the real exam. B. When students take the mock exam. C. During the days before practice tests. D. While students study before the real exam. 4.What does Dr. Theobald advise students to do? A. Build up self-confidence. B. Avoid talking about the exam. C. Study harder before the exam. D. Attach great importance to tests. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江乐清知临中学·期中）Dirty sodas, a mixed drink that combines (混合) your favorite soft drink with add-ins like cream or coffee creamer and sweeteners, started to rise a few years ago but recently gained nationwide attention in the TV shows. Now, people are trying out different combinations and sharing methods online. According to Yelp, users have been looking to get their hands on one with searches for “dirty soda” up 609% compared to September 2023. “What makes this trend (趋势) so exciting is its endless customizability (可定制性),” said Yelp’s trend expert Tara Lewis. “Recently, we’re even seeing new methods that use protein shakes instead of cream. As we head into Sober October, we also see this trend changing into a fun cocktail and expect to continue to see this growth as more people search for non-alcoholic alternatives (非酒精替代品) past Dry January. ” As the latest drink craze to hit social media, we asked nutrition (营养) experts what they thought about the mixed drink. “There’s nothing wrong with dirty soda itself — it’s just a sweet drink with added sweeteners and creamers. The amount of sugar you’d get from one really depends on whether you’re using diet or regular soda, and sugar-free or creamer,” said Christine Byrne, an expert and owner of Ruby Oak Nutrition. “Dirty soda should be looked at as an occasional (偶尔的) treat, the same as cake, soda, sugary coffee drinks and any other high-calorie, low-nutrient food,” she added. As choices have been shown in recent studies to be connected with negative health effects, dirty soda has also come into question. Dirty soda is very high in calories coming from sugar and possibly saturated fat if the drink contains cream. “We know regularly eating foods high in sugar and saturated fat has something to do with an increased risk for many health conditions like obesity, heart disease, diabetes and several types of cancer,” Byrne said. 1.Why is the figure mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To show the importance of dirty sodas. B. To introduce the combinations of dirty sodas. C. To show the popularity of dirty sodas in the whole country. D. To prove the influence of TV on people in the whole nation. 2.What makes the mixed drink trend interesting? A. People can make dirty sodas with different things as they like. B. TV shows introduce many interesting dirty sodas. C. Dirty sodas can be mixed with non-alcohol choices. D. Experts provide ways to live a healthy life. 3.What can we infer from Christine Byrne’s statements? A. We should avoid dirty sodas. B. We should avoid too much sugar when having dirty sodas. C. Dirty sodas is healthy and full of nutrition. D. Dirty sodas is unhealthy and harmful. 4.What does the text focus on? A. Dirty drink and its methods. B. Interesting drink and its benefits. C. The latest drink trend and its health influence. D. Dirty sodas and its development. 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·浙江北仑中学·期中）Some foods are highly processed or ultra-processed. Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have become increasingly popular and range from chips to microwave meals and even bread. Even just a casual glance at supermarket shelves reveals a collection of UPF offerings in delicate and attractive packaging. Besides their affordability, UPF not only offer time-saving convenience, but also momentary satisfaction filled with fat, sugar, salt and additives. After all, who can resist enjoying a tasty snack when lost in a football game or an exciting new TV series? Although much is discussed about the direct negative impact of these products on our health, including obesity, heart diseases and diabetes, little has been said about the impacts of UPF on the environment. The most serious environmental impacts of UPF-rich diets mainly come from the post-farm stages, especially from the final product creation and packaging processes. One specific additive that has the most environmental impact is palm oil. Palm oil is responsible for deforestation of some of the world’s big forests, which have diverse animals and plants. It is one of the world’s most consumed vegetable oils that can be found in half of our food. The massive waste generated by over-packaged UPF is another factor to consider. Their plastic packaging doesn't degrade in landfills or in nature and has a dramatic impact on soil health and life in the sea. One recent study published in Nature Sustainability demonstrates that UPF processing and packaging stages have the greatest environmental impacts of the whole system and are a major source of environmental waste worldwide. The environmental impact of ultra-processed foods cannot be ignored any longer. While producers must take action, it is our growing awareness of what we buy and how it is produced that drives real change. By choosing wisely — whether by rejecting heavily processed options or supporting sustainable brands — we exercise the power to shape a better food system, a responsibility we must embrace. 1.What can be learned about UPF from the first paragraph? A. They are primarily consumed during casual leisure activities. B. They are carefully produced to be environmentally friendly. C. They are filled with various kinds of healthy added nutrients. D. They are favored by many for their fancy packages and flavors. 2.Why palm oil was introduced in the text? A. To compare it with some other vegetable oils. B. To explain UPF's harmful environmental effects. C. To show its relationship with animals and plants. D. To discuss factors of UPF's packaging-related pollution. 3.What does the author think of the role we play in fighting UPF? A. Tiny. B. Essential. C. Replaceable. D. Limited. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. From Shelf to Soil: the Hidden Journey of UPF B. Fast and Cheap: UPF Take Over Our Daily Diets C. Beyond the Shelf: UPF Are Harming the Planet D. Convenience at a Cost: the Health Damage of UPF 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江乐清知临中学·期中）“A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof (隔音的) room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 1.What can we know from the six-year experiment? A. Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequency. B. Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. C. Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D. Plants make the sound of the same frequency whatever the situation. 2.What is the algorithm used for in the research? A. To record the sounds. B. To control the sounds. C. To produce the sounds. D. To identify the sounds. 3.What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A. Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B. Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C. Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. D. Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. 4.Which of the following is the best title of the text? A. Sounds That We Can’t Hear B. Beautiful Songs from Plants C. Plants React to Different Types of Stress D. Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州第二中学·期中）Animals appear to predict (预测) earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras showed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.” On a normal (正常的) day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization (电离) occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions (离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites is filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 1.How did scientists conduct the study? A. By comparing different animals’ habits. B. By observing animals in high mountains. C. By analyzing the photos of animals they obtained. D. By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. 2.What usually happens before earthquakes according to the text? A. The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B. Cameras normally record more animals per day. C. The air is filled with positive ions. D. The activity of animals before earthquakes is normal. 3.What can we learn from the text? A. The findings make for long-term seismic forecasts. B. Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C. Positive ions make humans and animals nervous. D. All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Negative Influence of Positive Ions B. Ions’ Destruction to the Environment C. Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes D. Creatures’ Ability to Predict Natural Disasters / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. D 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. D 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B Passage 3 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. C 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·浙江强基联盟-11月·期中）Fishing tools that are thrown away are a serious danger to ocean life. These “ghost nets” continue to catch and kill animals even after being thrown away by fishermen. They either float in the water or sit on the seabed, causing great harm to sea wildlife. The problem is highlighted by a single net found in Puget Sound in 2009. Within just six months, it had already caught over 450 salmon, 1,300 sharks, 1,800 birds, 16,900 crabs, and 11 seals. Scientists believe that 10 to 30 percent of all business fishing tools are lost or thrown away every year. This means countless nets remain in the ocean, killing sea animals nonstop. However, an important program called Fishing for Energy is working to deal with it. It brings together several organizations, including Covanta Energy Company and the National Fish and Wildlife Organization. Since 2008, they have successfully taken away nearly four million pounds of lost fishing tools from the ocean. Collecting lost fishing tools is a difficult task. It requires finding the tools underwater, pulling them up, and bringing them to coast. To make it easier, Fishing for Energy has set up collection sites at ports in nine states. They give free boxes where fishermen can put the recovered tools. The program also offers prizes to fishermen who take away fishing waste from the sea and provides them with free educational programs. Once collected, the tools are recycled to make power for locals. Any metal parts made of materials like gold, silver or iron are taken away, and the materials left are turned into energy at special factories. The program has grown rapidly. It started with one disposal site (垃圾处理场) in Massachusetts in 2008 and now has 55 sites across twelve states. Fishermen are developing new ways to find more tools, and local groups are giving money to workshops to find better solutions. Additionally, the program supports the development of new technology that makes fish-catching tools stop working after a certain period, as required by law. 1.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. The ghost nets around Puget Sound caught 11 seals in total in 2009. B. A large number of sea animals die because of ghost nets every year. C. The problem caused by ghost nets is less serious than people imagine. D. The ghost nets have covered around 20% of business fishing nets so far. 2.What does the underlined word “recovered” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. Used. B. Collected. C. Repaired. D. bought. 3.What do we know about the “Fishing for Energy” program? A. It helps local people to get more power. B. It has 56 waste treatment places in total. C. It requires fishermen to buy the collection boxes. D. It provides fishermen with new fishing techniques. 4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A. Ghost Nets: The Silent Killer for Sea Animals B. Fishing for Energy: A Project for Producing Power C. Ghost Nets: The Huge Treasure for Power Production D. Fishing for Energy: A Program for Saving Ocean Life 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被丢弃的渔具“幽灵网”对海洋生物造成的严重危害，以及Fishing for Energy这一项目为解决这一问题所采取的措施和取得的成果。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists believe that 10 to 30 percent of all business fishing tools are lost or thrown away every year. This means countless nets remain in the ocean, killing sea animals nonstop. (科学家认为，每年有10%到30%的商业渔具丢失或被丢弃。这意味着无数的渔网留在海洋中，不停地杀死海洋动物)”可知，每年都有大量的海洋动物因为幽灵网而死亡。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“To make it easier, Fishing for Energy has set up collection sites at ports in nine states. They give free boxes where fishermen can put the recovered tools. (为了方便起见，Fishing for Energy在九个州的港口设立了收集点。他们提供免费的箱子，渔民可以把回收的工具放在里面)”可知，渔民可以把收集到的渔具放在免费提供的箱子里，所以“recovered”意思是“收集到的”，与“collected”意思相近。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Once collected, the tools are recycled to make power for locals. (一旦收集起来，这些工具就会被回收利用，为当地人提供电力)”可知，Fishing for Energy项目帮助当地人获得更多的电力。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了被丢弃的渔具“幽灵网”对海洋生物造成的严重危害，以及Fishing for Energy这一项目为解决这一问题所采取的措施和取得的成果，所以“Fishing for Energy: A Program for Saving Ocean Life(Fishing for Energy：一个拯救海洋生命的项目)”适合作本文标题。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江五湖联盟-11月·期中）A new study shows that vitamin D might help people age more slowly. The research was published in a medical journal called The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Scientists found that vitamin D may protect telomeres. Telomeres are parts at the end of our DNA that get shorter as we get older. When they get too short, they can cause health problems like cancer. The study used data from a larger project called the VITAL trial. In this study, over 1,000 adults (women aged 55+ and men aged 50+) were followed for five years. Some people took 2,000 units of vitamin D and 1 gram of omega-3 every day. Others took a placebo. The scientists checked their telomere length at the beginning, after two years, and after four years. The results showed that vitamin D helped slow the shortening of telomeres. This may mean that vitamin D slows biological aging by about three years. However, omega-3 did not show any effect on telomere length. Experts say these results are interesting, but they want more research. The study was small, and it only looked at one type of cell. Scientists still do not know how this connects to real-life health outcomes. Vitamin D has other known health benefits. It can help keep bones strong, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease. But too much vitamin D can cause health problems, like high calcium levels or kidney issues. To get vitamin D, people can spend time in the sun, take supplements, or eat certain foods. These include fatty fish like salmon and tuna, egg yolks, and vitamin D-fortified milk. Some mushrooms and cheese also contain small amounts. Doctors say it’s best to check your vitamin D level before taking supplements. In healthy people with normal levels, extra vitamin D might not be helpful. Good sleep, exercise, a healthy diet, and not smoking are still the best ways to stay young and healthy. 1.According to the study, what may vitamin D protect? A. Omega-3 B. Bones C. Blood pressure D. Telomeres 2.What did the results of the study show about omega-3? A. It caused health problems. B. It had no effect on telomere length. C. It helped slow the shortening of telomeres. D. It slowed biological aging by about three years. 3.What is the best way to know if you need vitamin D supplements according to doctors? A. Spend more time in the sun. B. Eat more fatty fish. C. Check your vitamin D level. D. Have a healthy diet and exercise. 4.What’s the best title of the passage? A. Vitamin D: A Key Player in Slowing the Aging Clock B. Vitamin D: The Secret to Maintaining Real-life Health C. Doctors’ Tips: Stay Young with Vitamin D Supplements D. The VITAL Trial: A Deep Dive into Omega-3 and Telomeres 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究发现，维生素D可能通过保护端粒减缓衰老，同时说明研究过程、维生素D的其他益处、获取方式及补充注意事项。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists found that vitamin D may protect telomeres. Telomeres are parts at the end of our DNA that get shorter as we get older.(科学家发现维生素D可能保护端粒。端粒是我们DNA末端的部分，会随着年龄增长而变短。)”可知，研究表明维生素D可能保护端粒。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, omega-3 did not show any effect on telomere length.(然而，欧米伽-3对端粒长度没有显示出任何影响。)”可知，研究结果显示欧米伽-3对端粒长度无影响。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Doctors say it’s best to check your vitamin D level before taking supplements.(医生表示，服用补充剂前最好先检查自己的维生素D水平。)”可知，医生认为判断是否需要补充维生素D的最佳方式是检查自身维生素D水平。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“A new study shows that vitamin D might help people age more slowly.(一项新研究表明，维生素 D 可能有助于人们减缓衰老速度。)”可知，文章开篇点明研究核心——维生素D可能帮助人们减缓衰老，后续围绕该研究展开，介绍研究过程、结果及相关注意事项，文章核心是维生素D与减缓衰老的关联，因此“维生素D：延缓衰老的关键因素”最适合作为标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江9+1联盟-11月·期中）For most of the traditional restaurants, it is challenging to deal with the increasing number of customers. But for Li Xianghui’s restaurants, things are different. Owning four restaurants, Li bought a number of cooking machines, which can operate tirelessly day and night. Packed in boxes, all dishes are semi-finished (半加工的) and can be served within minutes after they are put into the machines. Automation (自动化) is the future of the food service industry. It can reduce labor cost pressure in traditional restaurants and improve efficiency. Besides, automated equipment follows certain set processes, which can make sure of the same taste for each order. The cooking machine can make about 2, 000 recipes (食谱), according to Li. Once seated, customers scan a QR code (二维码) and use an app to make their meal selection and pay. With the only waiter putting the semi-finished food kit into the machine, the meal will be served in minutes. What’s worth mentioning is that the robot “cook” has attracted an increasing number of customers since the restaurant’s opening, as many customers say the taste is good and the price is not expensive. Researchers from the University of Cambridge have trained their robot “cook” to make a judgement about the saltiness of a dish at different stages of the chewing (咀嚼) process, like a similar process in humans, according to their research published in the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI. Their results could be useful in the development of automated or semi-automated food preparation by helping robots to learn what tastes good and what doesn’t, making them better “cooks”. “If robots are to be used for certain aspects of food preparation, it’s important that they are able to “taste” what they’re cooking,” said Grzegorz Sozacki, the paper’s first author. 1.How does the author introduce Li’s restaurant in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By giving examples. C. By making a contrast. D. By quoting someone’s words. 2.What feature of the cooking machines helps ensure the same dish taste? A. They can work long without rest. B. They follow fixed operating steps. C. They can make 2,000 different recipes. D. They work with semi-finished food kits. 3.What is the main attraction for the restaurant’s customers? A. Its wide variety of dish choices. B. Its convenience in placing orders. C. Its high popularity on the internet. D. Its delicious food at reasonable prices. 4.What is the main purpose of the research by University of Cambridge researchers? A. To enable robots to check the flavor. B. To reduce robots’ operation costs. C. To train robots to cook more dishes. D. To improve robots’ cooking time. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动化烹饪设备在餐饮行业的应用优势及剑桥大学相关技术研究进展。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For most of the traditional restaurants, it is challenging to deal with the increasing number of customers. But for Li Xianghui’s restaurants, things are different.(对于大多数传统餐厅来说，应对日益增多的顾客是一项挑战。但对于李向辉的餐厅来说，情况却不同)”可知，作者通过将传统餐厅的困境与李向辉餐厅的情况进行对比，引出下文对自动化烹饪设备的介绍。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Besides, automated equipment follows certain set processes, which can make sure of the same taste for each order.(此外，自动化设备遵循特定的固定流程，这能确保每份订单的口味一致)”可知，烹饪设备遵循固定操作步骤的特点，有助于保证菜品口味统一。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What’s worth mentioning is that the robot ‘cook’ has attracted an increasing number of customers since the restaurant’s opening, as many customers say the taste is good and the price is not expensive.(值得一提的是，自餐厅开业以来，机器人“厨师”吸引了越来越多的顾客，因为许多顾客表示味道不错，价格也不贵)”可知，餐厅对顾客的主要吸引力是美味的食物和合理的价格。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Their results could be useful in the development of automated or semi-automated food preparation by helping robots to learn what tastes good and what doesn’t, making them better ‘cooks’.(他们的研究结果有助于自动化或半自动化食物制备的发展，帮助机器人了解什么好吃、什么不好吃，使它们成为更好的“厨师”)”可知，剑桥大学研究人员的主要目的是让机器人能够检测食物的风味。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟-11月·期中）A new study carried out among adolescents (青少年) in a high school theater program showed how to use positive emotions (情绪) to drive their work, Students also used strategies to manage their own and others’ bad emotions. The research was carried out through interviews with the students during a three-month theater program. This study showed how schools and programs can support the development of “emotional intelligence” in adolescents. Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign started open-ended interviews to get an in-depth understanding of one setting — a high school theater program. Ten teenagers were interviewed every two weeks over a three-month period while the theater group prepared a musical. Two adults who guided the production were also interviewed every two weeks. What’s more, the researchers observed the rehearsals (观察排练) weekly. During the rehearsals, teenagers reported emotional experiences, including sadness, anger, anxiety, and excitement. The program provided a culture that helped them learn to deal well with the events and feelings connected to these different emotions, the researchers found. The adults led by example, helping the teens develop strategies to manage strong emotions. The theater setting supported this process (过程) by putting the youth in situations in which emotions were likely to happen because the expectation of hard work created stress. Also, strong emotions were accepted and discussed openly with a culture of caring about others. “The development of ‘emotional intelligence’ is important to adult work and family life, but many young people arrive in adulthood with incomplete emotional skills,” according to Reed W. Larson, the study’s lead author. “Our research findings suggest how, under the right conditions, adolescents learn these skills. Although further research is needed, youth programs, such as the theater program. along with schools that provide these conditions may lead to better emotional learning.” 1.What did the new study find? A. Theater programs are popular among high schoolers. B. Doing theater helps teenagers with emotional growth. C. Emotional skills are important to student success. D. High school teaching is a performing art. 2.How did the researchers get information for the study? A. By holding interviews. B. By preparing a musical. C. By teaching at the local school. D. By reviewing students’ performances. 3.What can we say about the adults in the theater program? A. They experienced the same emotions as the teens. B. They were close observers of the program. C. They provided models for the students. D. They were in control of the new study. 4.What is Reed W. Larson’s attitude towards the theater program? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Worried. D. Supportive. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕一项针对高中戏剧项目青少年的新研究展开，阐述了该研究在青少年情感发展方面的发现、研究方法，以及研究人员的观点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study carried out among adolescents (青少年) in a high school theater program showed how to use positive emotions (情绪) to drive their work, Students also used strategies to manage their own and others’ bad emotions. The research was carried out through interviews with the students during a three-month theater program. (一项在参加高中戏剧项目的青少年中进行的新研究显示了青少年如何学习如何利用积极情绪来推动他们的工作。学生们还使用策略来管理自己和他人的不良情绪。这项研究是在一个为期三个月的戏剧项目中通过对学生的采访进行的。)”可知，这表明做戏剧有助于青少年的情感成长。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign started open-ended interviews to get an in-depth understanding of one setting — a high school theater program. Ten teenagers were interviewed every two weeks over a three-month period while the theater group prepared a musical. Two adults who guided the production were also interviewed every two weeks. (伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的研究人员开始了开放式访谈，以深入了解一个场景——一个高中戏剧项目。10名青少年在三个月的时间里每两周接受一次采访，同时剧团准备了一部音乐剧。指导制作的两名成年人也每两周接受一次采访。)”可知，研究人员通过进行访谈来获取研究信息。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“The adults led by example, helping the teens develop strategies to manage strong emotions. (成年人以身作则，帮助青少年制定管理强烈情绪的策略。)”可知，戏剧项目中的成年人为学生提供了榜样。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Our research findings suggest how, under the right conditions, adolescents learn these skills. Although further research is needed, youth programs, such as the theater program, along with schools that provide these conditions may lead to better emotional learning.(我们的研究结果揭示了在适宜的条件下，青少年如何学习这些（情感）技能。尽管还需要进一步研究，但像戏剧项目这样的青少年项目，以及能提供这些条件的学校，或许能让青少年获得更好的情感学习效果。)”可知，Reed W. Larson认为戏剧项目有助于青少年学习情感技能，对该项目持支持态度。故选D项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江北仑中学·期中）The following are top 4 inspiring books you must read. My Life: An Illustrated Biography by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 4.36 ★★★★☆ 2,648 ratings A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s inspiring autobiography shares his journey from humble beginnings to becoming India’s ‘People’s President’ and a leading scientist. Readers find his story motivational, especially for young ambitious scientists. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Dream Big: From Humble Beginnings to Space Pioneer. ●Embrace Opportunities and Lifelong Learning. Read the book summary Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson 4.04 ★★★★☆ 141,028 ratings In this engaging biography, Walter Isaacson brings to life Benjamin Franklin, a multi-talented person whose contributions to science, politics, and society shaped America. Readers praise the book for its thorough research and balanced portrayal of Franklin’s complexities. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Franklin’s early life shaped his character and values. ●Franklin’s scientific pursuits revolutionized our understanding of electricity. Read the book summary Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson 4.5 ★★★★☆ 1,262,739 ratings Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs offers a rare look at the life of the Apple co-founder, detailing his genius, shortcomings, and the innovations that transformed technology. With over a million ratings, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of science and entrepreneurship. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Passion for perfection and design drove Apple’s innovative product development. ●Jobs’s complex personality shaped his management style and company culture. Read the book summary Marie Curie: A Life of Discovery and Dedication by Susan Quinn 4.2 ★★★★☆ 32,456 ratings In this captivating biography, Susan Quinn brings to life the extraordinary journey of Marie Curie, a pioneering scientist whose groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity reshaped the world of science. 2 Key Takeaways: ●Marie Curie’s early life and education laid the foundation for her groundbreaking career. ●Her discoveries of polonium and radium revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure and led to significant advancements in medicine. Read the book summary 1.What distinguishes My Life from the other three books? A. It is the only autobiography. B. It is the book with the highest rating. C. It is about a scientist who also became a political leader. D. It is the only book including the scientist’s early life. 2.What can we learn about Steve Jobs according to Walter Isaacson’s biography? A. Jobs’ pursuit for excellence fueled technological innovation. B. Jobs’ management style was highly praised by his colleagues. C. Jobs focused mainly on the business side of Apple. D. Jobs had a simple and straightforward personality. 3.Where is this passage most likely taken from? A. A travel brochure. B. A scientific report. C. A history book. D. A book review website. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍四本鼓舞人心的名人传记书籍。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据My Life: An Illustrated Biography中“A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s inspiring autobiography shares his journey from humble beginnings to becoming India’s ‘People’s President’ and a leading scientist. (A.P.J. Abdul Kalam鼓舞人心的自传讲述了他从卑微出身到成为印度“人民总统”和顶尖科学家的历程)”，根据Benjamin Franklin: An American Life中“In this engaging biography, Walter Isaacson brings to life Benjamin Franklin, a multi-talented person whose contributions to science, politics, and society shaped America. (在这部引人入胜的传记中，Walter Isaacson栩栩如生地展现了Benjamin Franklin——这位在科学、政治和社会领域的贡献塑造了美国的多才多艺之人)”，根据Steve Jobs中“Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs offers a rare look at the life of the Apple co-founder, detailing his genius, shortcomings, and the innovations that transformed technology. (Walter Isaacson所著的Steve Jobs传记提供了对这位苹果联合创始人一生的罕见洞察，详细讲述了他的才华、缺点，以及那些改变了科技行业的创新。)”及根据Marie Curie: A Life of Discovery and Dedication中“In this captivating biography, Susan Quinn brings to life the extraordinary journey of Marie Curie, a pioneering scientist whose groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity reshaped the world of science. (在这部引人入胜的传记中，Susan Quinn生动展现了Marie Curie的非凡历程——这位开创性的科学家在放射性领域的突破性发现重塑了科学界。)”可知，My Life是自传，而其他几本书均为他人写的传记。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Steve Jobs中“Passion for perfection and design drove Apple’s innovative product development. (对完美和设计的热爱推动了苹果创新的产品研发)”可知，Steve Jobs对完美的追求推动了技术创新。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“The following are top 4 inspiring books you must read. (以下是你必须阅读的4本最具启发性的书籍)”可知，文章以“Top 4 inspiring books”为主题，介绍每本书的评分、内容摘要及要点，最符合书评网站的特点。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江强基联盟-11月·期中）In a world of fast food and quick meals, the Slow Food movement stands out as a unique idea. It was started in Italy in 1986 as a protest (抗议) against a new fast-food restaurant. The movement’s goal is simple yet important: to protect traditional food and local dishes, support sustainable (可持续的) farming, and help people feel more connected to the food they eat. It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed. The movement champions the values of good, clean, and fair food. “Good” refers to the enjoyment of fresh, flavorsome, and seasonal food that is healthy for the body. “Clean” means food production that does not harm the environment, animal welfare, or human health. “Fair” demands that consumers pay fair prices for their food and that producers, from farmers to chefs, receive fair pay and working conditions. But Slow Food is more than just about what you eat. It’s a cultural idea that protects food traditions and different types of plants and animals. It promotes biodiversity (生物多样性) by saving old types of plants and animal breeds that industrial farming often ignores. The movement also brings people together by encouraging cooking and eating meals as a community, which helps protect local traditions. By asking us to think about where our food comes from and how it is made, the Slow Food movement challenges the modern food system. Instead of being passive consumers who just buy food, it invites us to become co-producers. This means we take an active part in our food chain, making choices that are better for us, for the community, and for the planet. 1.A “different way of thinking” encourages people to ________. A. protect plants from being harmed B. choose dishes from other countries C. eat at a slower and more regular pace D. consider where and how food is produced 2.According to the passage, what does “fair food” mean? A. The food is not expensive to buy. B. The food is fresh, tasty and healthy for the body. C. Every worker in the process of food production gets fair payment. D. The process of producing the food will not harm the environment. 3.Which statement is correct about the Slow Food movement? A. It has forced all fast-food restaurants in Italy to close since its start in 1986. B. It encourages people to play an active role in the food chain. C. Its “clean” principle mainly focuses on making sure food is healthy to eat. D. It protects local food traditions only by saving old kinds of plants and animals. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new type of food culture. B. To help protect biodiversity in Italy. C. To call on people to eat healthily and fairly. D. To fight against fast food restaurants. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了慢食运动的起源、核心价值观及意义，向读者普及这一独特的饮食理念。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据首段中的“The movement’s goal is simple yet important: to protect traditional food and local dishes, support sustainable farming, and help people feel more connected to the food they eat. It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed.(该运动的目标简单却很重要：保护传统食物和地方菜肴，支持可持续农业，并帮助人们与所食用的食物建立更紧密的联系。它倡导一种不同的、不仓促的思考食物的方式)”和末段中的“By asking us to think about where our food comes from and how it is made(通过让我们思考食物从何而来以及是如何制作的)”可知，不同的思考方式鼓励人们不急于进食，同时关注食物的来源和制作过程。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Fair demands that consumers pay fair prices for their food and that producers, from farmers to chefs, receive fair pay and working conditions.(公平意味着消费者应为他们的食物支付合理的价格，而从农民到厨师等生产者应获得合理的报酬和工作条件)”可知，fair food(公平的食物)的意思是：要求食品生产过程中的从业者（从农民到厨师）都能获得公平的报酬和工作条件。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据首段中的“It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed.(它倡导一种不同的看待食物的思维方式，一种不仓促的方式)”和末段中的“Instead of being passive consumers who just buy food, it invites us to become co-producers. This means we take an active part in our food chain, making choices that are better for us, for the community, and for the planet.(它并非让我们仅仅作为被动的消费者购买食物，而是邀请我们成为共同生产者。这意味着我们要积极参与到食物链中，做出对自身、对社区以及对地球都更有益的选择)”可知，慢食运动鼓励人们在食物链中发挥积极作用。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。本文的主旨句是首段首句“In a world of fast food and quick meals, the Slow Food movement stands out as a unique idea.(在一个充斥着快餐和速食的世界里，慢食运动作为一种独特的理念脱颖而出)”，可知本文旨在介绍慢食运动这个理念，即介绍一种新型的饮食文化，后文围绕它进行阐述。故选A。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·浙江台金七校·期中）When it comes to invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us think about bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use the light of the moon and stars to learn about the world and make important decisions. Many insects use the weak light of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness. For centuries, artificial (人造的) light has been a sign of technological advance. Light has shaped human civilization. But while we enjoy its convenience, we often overlook the darker side of lighting: light pollution. It harms ecosystem, with serious results for wildlife, human health and energy use. A 2021 study found that caterpillar (毛毛虫) numbers were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth (蛾) is a small but important species. In early spring its caterpillars provide key food for blue tit chicks. But light pollution confuses the adult moths, breaks up mating and influences egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With falling caterpillar numbers, blue tits find it hard to feed their young. In one sense, light pollution is quite easy to solve — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lit naturally by moonlight. But in fact, this is mostly not possible as lights are meant to make humans’ lives easier, so humans are often not willing to give them up. If we cannot turn off the lights, there are other management approaches we can take to lessen their harm. We can control their number, make them less strong, and shorten the time they are on. However, it remains unclear how much artificial light influences invertebrates, and whether they can get used to changes in time. These changes probably influence their health and life, so more studies are needed to understand what difficulties artificial light brings to them. We need experts from different fields to work together to understand the wider influence of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to find proper solutions. 1.What do we know about most of invertebrates? A. They are dying out. B. They are active at night. C. They use darkness to hide. D. They depend on natural light to live. 2.What does the 2021 study show? A. The danger of street lights. B. The importance of caterpillars. C. The challenge in wildlife protection. D. The influence of light pollution on ecosystem. 3.What does the author think of the other management approaches? A. They are easy to apply. B. They are widely accepted. C. They call for further research. D. They require immediate action. 4.What can be the best title for the passage? A. Night Animals: What Are Their Secret s? B. Caterpillar Decrease: What Is the Real Cause? C. Artificial Light: Should We Turn It Off Or Not? D. The Night Shift: How Does Light Pollution Harm Nature? 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了光污染对无脊椎动物及生态系统的危害。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen?(但你知道吗？至少三分之二的无脊椎动物是夜间活动的，这意味着它们中的许多都不太可能被看到)”可知，大多数无脊椎动物在夜间活动。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A 2021 study found that caterpillar (毛毛虫) numbers were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth (蛾) is a small but important species. In early spring its caterpillars provide key food for blue tit chicks. But light pollution confuses the adult moths, breaks up mating and influences egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With falling caterpillar numbers, blue tits find it hard to feed their young.(2021年的一项研究发现，有路灯地区的毛毛虫数量减少了52%。冬蛾是一种小而重要的物种。在早春，它的毛毛虫为蓝山雀幼鸟提供关键食物。但是光污染会迷惑成年蛾，破坏交配并影响产卵，导致毛毛虫数量减少。随着毛毛虫数量的减少，蓝山雀发现很难喂养它们的幼鸟)”可知，2021年的研究展示了光污染对生态系统的影响。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, it remains unclear how much artificial light influences invertebrates, and whether they can get used to changes in time. These changes probably influence their health and life, so more studies are needed to understand what difficulties artificial light brings to them.(然而，目前尚不清楚人造光对无脊椎动物的影响有多大，以及它们是否能适应时间的变化。这些变化可能会影响它们的健康和生活，因此需要更多的研究来了解人造光给它们带来的困难)”可推知，作者认为其他管理方法需要进一步研究。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it comes to invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us think about bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use the light of the moon and stars to learn about the world and make important decisions. Many insects use the weak light of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness.(说到无脊椎动物，我们大多数人会想到蜜蜂、蠕虫，或许还有水母。但你知道吗？至少三分之二的无脊椎动物是夜间活动的 —— 这意味着它们中的许多都不太可能被看到。它们借助月光和星光了解世界，并做出重要的决策。许多昆虫在完全黑暗的环境中飞行时，会利用微弱的月光或星光来辨别方向)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了大多数无脊椎动物在夜间活动，人造光带来的光污染对生态系统造成了严重危害，包括影响无脊椎动物的数量、繁殖等，进而影响整个生态系统，所以“The Night Shift: How Does Light Pollution Harm Nature?(夜班：光污染如何危害自然？)”作为标题最合适。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江金砖高中联盟-11月·期中）It’s very common to lose touch with someone you consider a friend. In a 2024 study, 90 percent of participants admitted they had let an old friendship go. Most further claimed that they were not sure whether their friend would actually like to hear from them again. But that wasn’t the only obstacle. In two follow-up studies, the research team identified a group of about 1,000 participants altogether who were in a good spot to reach out. They had someone in mind they thought would be glad to hear from them. They wished to reconnect as well and had contact information. Surprisingly, even after being prompted by the study, only a third of this group actually reached out. Why might that be? One possibility is that the old friend felt like a stranger, and you aren’t comfortable talking to strangers. When the team introduced an exercise that made people feel less shy about talking to a stranger, they also became more likely to reach out to the old friend. There are many other possibilities. You might be shy in general. You might be busy and tired in your free time. You might be satisfied with your family life or feel you need to give your spouse or children more of your attention. Perhaps you are a little embarrassed by how your life has turned out. In any of those circumstances, why should you push yourself to make the effort? Why reaching out to old friends is worth it. Most of us understand that strong relationships make us happier and healthier. You might think that one or two stable bonds are enough. However, research suggests that people with a bigger network tend to be happier, especially in later life. It also helps to have a diverse network of people who live in different places, know you in different ways, or vary in age or interests. Although having a strong marriage or tie with a sibling is priceless, it’s best to be able to turn to a range of people to fill different needs. A diversified friend group is like having a diversified group of mutual funds. When one goes down, the other might be going up. If you’re feeling excited about seeing your old camp buddies, reach out. 1.According to the passage, what was the surprising finding of the follow-up studies? A. People were too shy to talk to strangers. B. About 90% of people have let an old friendship go. C. Most people don’t have their old friends’ contact information. D. Only about 30% of the participants actually contacted their old friend. 2.What does “spouse” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. A close old friend. B. A husband or wife. C. A parent or child. D. A teacher or classmate. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards reconnecting old friends? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Family bonds are considered more important than friendships. B. Career achievements outweigh maintaining social connections. C. Reconnecting with past companions benefits personal well-being. D. People should avoid rebuilding former relationships intentionally. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人们与旧友失去联系的现象，分析了人们不联系旧友的原因，并阐述了与旧友重新建立联系的好处，鼓励人们主动联系旧友。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Surprisingly, even after being prompted by the study, only a third of this group actually reached out.(令人惊讶的是，即使在这项研究的提示下，这个群体中也只有三分之一的人实际联系了对方。)”可知，后续研究的惊人发现是只有大约30%的参与者实际上联系了他们的老朋友。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“You might be satisfied with your family life or feel you need to give your spouse or children more of your attention.(你可能对家庭生活感到满意，或者觉得你需要给你的配偶或孩子更多的关注。)”可知，spouse与children并列，且上文提到“family life”（家庭生活），结合语境“需要多花精力关注配偶或孩子”，可推断“spouse”指家庭中的伴侣。选项B“丈夫或妻子”符合语境。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you’re feeling excited about seeing your old camp buddies, reach out.(如果你对见到你的老营友感到兴奋，那就联系他们吧。)”可知，作者鼓励人们主动联系旧友，所以作者对重新联系老朋友的态度是支持的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Why reaching out to old friends is worth it?(为什么与老朋友重新建立联系是值得的？)”和第六段“It also helps to have a diverse network of people who live in different places, know you in different ways, or vary in age or interests.(拥有一个多样化的社交网络也有帮助，这些人生活在不同的地方，以不同的方式了解你，或者年龄或兴趣不同。)”和最后一段“If you're feeling excited about seeing your old camp buddies, reach out.(如果你对见到你的老营友感到兴奋，那就联系他们吧。)”可知，文章主要讨论了与旧友重新建立联系的好处，鼓励人们主动联系旧友，所以这篇文章的主旨是与过去的同伴重新建立联系有利于个人幸福。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟-11月·期中）Philadelphia, sometimes also called Philly, is a big city on the Delaware River in the southeaster state of Pennsylvania. It has about 1.5 million people. William Penn, an Englishman, erected Pennsylvania in the 1680s. He also designed the city. Penn chose the name Philadelphia — a term meaning “city of brotherly love” in Greek. Philadelphia is famous for holding an important place in American history. It served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government. The buildings where they worked can be seen today in an area called the Old City, or Independence National Historical Park. The main building is Independence Hall. That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. The National Park Service says more than 2.6 million people visited Independence National Historical Park last year. Close to the park is the National Liberty Museum. It holds a collection of more than ninety paintings and sculptures. Several blocks away lies the National Constitution (宪法) Center. This privately operated nonprofit museum opened its doors in Philadelphia on July 4, 2003. It was created to increase public recognition of the Constitution, its history, and its importance today. Rich with tradition, Philadelphia offers plenty to visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for hungry visitors. Reading Terminal Market, for example, is one of the nation’s largest public markets. At Reading Terminal Market, visitors can find all kinds of foods — including, of course, Philly cheesesteak. The city is known for these sandwiches. They are made of thin pieces of meat covered with cheese. A cheesesteak is offered with onions and other toppings and served on a long roll. 1.What does the underlined word “erected” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Explored. B. Attacked. C. Founded. D. Recommended. 2.What does the author intend to tell us about Philadelphia in paragraph 3? A. Its local cultural traditions. B. Its unique architectural style. C. Its popular tourist activities. D. Its vital historical position. 3.What do we know about the National Constitution Center? A. It focuses on citizen constitutional education. B. It attracts many tourists every year. C. It has a large collection of artworks. D. It is privately run and requires a fee to visit. 4.How does Philadelphia attract visitors who care little about history? A. By teaching traditional food cooking skills. B. By introducing all kinds of delicious food. C. By organizing various music festivals. D. By promoting local fashion shows. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的城市——费城，包括其历史地位、文化景点，以及吸引游客的美食特色。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“He also designed the city. Penn chose the name Philadelphia (他还亲自设计了这座城市。佩恩为其取名“费城”)”可知，威廉·佩恩是费城的设计者和命名者，因此他是创建了这座城市，画线词在此处指“创立，建立”，与Founded“创建，建立”意思一致。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。第三段首句“Philadelphia is famous for holding an important place in American history. (费城因其在美国历史上的重要地位而闻名)”点明段落主旨，随后提到“served as the nation’s capital (曾作为美国首都)”、“the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” (作为美国“开国元勋”的核心聚集地)”、和“That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. (这里曾是殖民地领袖们宣布独立、继而共商建立政府的地方)”等可知，本段内容体现费城重要的历史地位。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It was created to increase public recognition of the Constitution, its history, and its importance today. (它的创立旨在提升公众对宪法的认知，包括其历史渊源及当代重要意义)”可知，费城的国家宪法中心致力于公民宪法教育。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Rich with tradition, Philadelphia offers plenty to visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for hungry visitors. (作为历史文化名城，费城同样能为热衷美食更甚历史的游客提供丰富选择。这里琳琅满目的美食足以满足每位饕客的味蕾)”可知，费城通过各种美味的食物吸引了不太关心历史的游客。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江浙东北ZDB联盟·期中）Los Angeles, commonly known as LA, offers many reasons to visit whether you’re a Hollywood fan, theme park enthusiast, beachgoer, art lover or foodie. By the end of this year, it is expected to welcome 720,000 Chinese visitors, marking a 60 percent recovery from 2019 levels. Despite the shortfall, China remains LA’s top overseas market. Adam Burke, president of the Los Angeles Tourism Bureau, said, “To return to the pre-pandemic levels of Chinese tourists, the first step is to increase the number of direct flights and improve visa services. The US has announced the addition of 1 million visa appointments in 2025, and visa wait times have decreased nearly 60 percent compared with those in 2021. Market research also shows that Chinese visitors to LA now include a wider age range, from 18 to 54, compared to the former 35 to 54 group including families with children, female travelers and business visitors, each with unique needs and preferences. To meet the needs of this expanded group, LA Tourism Bureau has made great efforts. “We’ve spent nearly 20 years working closely with the tourism industry of China, ensuring we can know our Chinese customers better,” Burke says. He notices that even during the pandemic, LA never stopped investing in new attractions. One example is Destination Crenshaw, a project that is transforming a 2.1-kilometer street of Crenshaw Boulevard into a public space celebrating the community’s local culture and creativity, with trees, parks and artistic statues. “Younger travelers seek to explore both popular attractions and the uniqueness of a destination,” Burke says, “LA and its diverse cultures are just what they want.” According to China Tourism Group, Chinese tourists favor small group tours with in-depth experiences, personalized services, high-quality accommodations and dining, and flexible schedules. Fliggy, an online travel platform, partnered with the LA Tourism Bureau to offer more personalized travel services, including museum tours, sports events and beach experiences. 1.What has Los Angeles government done to attract Chinese tourists? A. Increased indirect flights to China. B. Trained Chinese travel guides. C. Added 1 million visa appointments. D. Built new theme parks. 2.Which group might be the newcomers to Los Angeles? A. College students. B. Female travelers. C. Senior tourists. D. Business visitors. 3.Why is the example of Destination Crenshaw mentioned? A. To support the diversity of Los Angeles. B. To introduce a new attraction. C. To prove the improvement of tourism services. D. To show the city’s efforts to attract tourists. 4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Destination Crenshaw was the most popular site among Chinese visitors. B. Los Angeles has strengthened cooperation with China’s tourism industry. C. Fliggy has replaced LA’s traditional agencies for better tourism services. D. Chinese tourists now favor small group tours with personalized services. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述洛杉矶通过提升交通便利性、签证服务、开发新景点及深化中旅合作，适应中国游客年轻化、多元化的需求趋势。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The US has announced the addition of 1 million visa appointments in 2025, and visa wait times have decreased nearly 60 percent compared with those in 2021.(美国宣布到2025年将增加100万个签证预约，签证等待时间比2021年减少了近60%)”可知，洛杉矶政府为吸引中国游客增加了100万个签证预约。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Market research also shows that Chinese visitors to LA now include a wider age range, from 18 to 54, compared to the former 35 to 54 group including families with children, female travelers and business visitors, each with unique needs and preferences.(市场研究还显示，现在到洛杉矶旅游的中国游客的年龄范围更广，从18岁到54岁，而以前是35岁到54岁的群体，包括有孩子的家庭、女性游客和商务游客，每个人都有独特的需求和偏好)”可知，以前洛杉矶的中国游客是35岁到54岁的群体，所以大学生可能是新的游客群体，故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。第三段首句“To meet the needs of this expanded group, LA Tourism Bureau has made great efforts.(为了满足这个扩大了的群体的需求，洛杉矶旅游局做出了巨大的努力)”提到洛杉矶旅游局为吸引游客做出了巨大的努力，结合第三段中“One example is Destination Crenshaw, a project that is transforming a 2.1-kilometer street of Crenshaw Boulevard into a public space celebrating the community’s local culture and creativity, with trees, parks and artistic statues.(其中一个例子是Destination Crenshaw，该项目将Crenshaw Boulevard，一条2.1公里长的街道，改造成一个公共空间，用树木、公园和艺术雕像来庆祝社区的当地文化和创造力)”可知，文章提到Destination Crenshaw是举例说明洛杉矶为吸引游客做出的努力，故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“We’ve spent nearly 20 years working closely with the tourism industry of China, ensuring we can know our Chinese customers better(我们与中国旅游业密切合作了近20年，确保我们能够更好地了解我们的中国客户)”和最后一段中“Fliggy, an online travel platform, partnered with the LA Tourism Bureau to offer more personalized travel services, including museum tours, sports events and beach experiences.(在线旅游平台Fliggy与洛杉矶旅游局合作，提供更个性化的旅游服务，包括参观博物馆、体育赛事和海滩体验)”可知，洛杉矶加强了与中国旅游业的合作，故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江浙里特色联盟-11月·期中）The beach may seem like an inviting place to run on a cool summer morning, but is running on the sand good for your body? It can be, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges that some beach runners experience before you get ready. Running on the beach can be a good thing. For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平坦的) surface. As you push off, you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves. So, you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement. But this unevenness has an upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces. For example, your feet, ankles and lower back might feel more tired than usual after a beach run just because the surface is constantly moving and changing step to step. You also might feel sore afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) down to the water. If you’re going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body might feel sorer because you’re putting more pressure on it due to the slope. Some beach runners prefer to run barefoot — not wearing anything on feet. However, if you’re not used to barefoot running, start slowly and don’t run long distances at first. That’s because running barefoot uses more different muscles than running with shoes does, and it’s important to strengthen these muscles and adapt (适应) your feet. If you want to run barefoot and as long as you run carefully enough into it, go for it. Running on the sand can be a smart choice for you, because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage. 1.Why is it difficult to run on the beach for starters? A. People fall off constantly. B. People are easy to get tired. C. More pressure is put on both sides of their body. D. Running on its uneven surface takes much effort. 2.What does the underlined word “upside” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Error. B. Effect. C. Advantage. D. Adventure. 3.What’s the author’s attitude to barefoot running? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. Muscle training strategies. B. Barefoot running techniques. C. Methods for choosing running shoes. D. Challenges and benefits of beach running. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍沙滩跑步的挑战与益处，帮助读者全面认识该运动。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven surface. As you push off, you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves. So, you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement.( 首先，沙滩可能是一个挑战，因为它的表面不平坦，当你蹬地时，沙子移动会让你失去一部分蹬地力，所以你无法像在跑道或人行道上那样推动自己前进)”可知，刚开始在沙滩跑步困难是因为不平坦的表面需要更多力气。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“But this unevenness has an upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces.( 但这种不平坦也有一个upside：它能给你的身体带来额外的锻炼，迫使你锻炼那些在坚实路面跑步时不常使用的肌肉)”结合后文对益处的描述，upside在此处意为“优势、好处”，与advantage同义。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If you want to run barefoot and as long as you run carefully enough into it, go for it.(如果你想赤脚跑步，只要你足够小心地开始，就去做吧)”可知，作者对赤脚跑步持支持态度。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的“It can be, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges that some beach runners experience before you get ready.( 沙滩跑步可能是有益的，但在你准备好之前，了解一些沙滩跑步者会遇到的挑战是很重要的)”、第二段中的“Running on the beach can be a good thing.( 在沙滩上跑步可能是一件好事)”以及最后一段中的“Running on the sand can be a smart choice for you, because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage.( 在沙滩上跑步对你来说可能是一个明智的选择，因为在较软的地面上跑步可以减少肌肉损伤)”可知，全文围绕沙滩跑步的挑战与益处展开。故选D。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江卓越高中联盟-11月·期中）In late 2021, a volcano (火山) named Cumbre Vieja erupted on the island of La Palma, Spain. It covered hundreds of acres of banana farms in ash. At first, farmers like Moisés Pulido thought this was a disaster. They couldn’t have imagined that the volcano might actually help them. The eruption might hold a key to saving bananas worldwide. A fungus called Fusarium wilt is a main threat to the world’s most common banana, the Cavendish. It stops water and nutrients (营养物质) from reaching the plant’s roots, which can cause the plant to die. Scientists fear this could one day make the Cavendish banana die out. Luckily, the volcanic ash that buried the farms helps protect the banana plants from the fungus. According to professor Jesús S. Notario del Pino, a lava (岩浆) flow “resets time to zero”, making it hard for the fungus to survive in the new soil. It also contains important nutrients like iron, zinc and potassium, which are important for growing bananas. Another professor from the University of La Laguna, Antonio Marrero, points out that while crops grow more slowly here than in hotter places, they are free from many common diseases. This offers a great advantage, especially since most bananas are grown as monocrops-large areas with only one type of plant-which makes them highly vulnerable to disease. While volcanic soil is a great help, some farmers, like Fran Garlaz, believe that depending on a single crop is still a huge risk. On his farm, he grows over 200 different kinds of plants. He argues that monocropping is “not scientific or sustainable”. Despite his efforts, big banana farms still cover almost half of La Palma’s farmland. 1.How does the Fusarium wilt fungus harm bananas? A. It stops the plant’s from getting nutrients. B. It pollutes all the surrounding topsoil. C. It attacks the developing banana fruit itself. D. It poisons the plant’s entire root system. 2.What benefit does volcanic soil offer the plants? A. It speeds up their overall growth cycle. B. It kills the fungus both in the old and new soil. C. It defends them from common diseases. D. It ensures the sustainable growth of bananas. 3.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3? A. Weak. B. Addicted. C. Helpful. D. Safe. 4.What is a suitable title for the passage? A. A Danger of Monocropping B. A Volcanic Solution for Bananas C. An Eruption of Cumbre Vieja D. A Fight against Fusarium Wilt 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2021年西班牙拉帕尔马岛火山喷发后，火山灰形成的土壤意外助力香蕉抵御真菌威胁，但单一作物种植的风险仍需警惕。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A fungus called Fusarium wilt is a main threat to the world’s most common banana, the Cavendish. It stops water and nutrients (营养物质) from reaching the plant’s roots, which can cause the plant to die.(一种名为巴拿马病的真菌是世界上最常见的香蕉品种 ——卡文迪什香蕉—— 的主要威胁。它会阻止水分和营养物质到达植物根部，从而可能导致植株死亡。)”可知，巴拿马病真菌会阻止水分和营养物质到达香蕉植株的根部，进而导致植株死亡。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Another professor from the University of La Laguna, Antonio Marrero, points out that while crops grow more slowly here than in hotter places, they are free from many common diseases.(来自拉古纳大学的另一位教授Antonio Marrero指出，虽然这里的作物生长速度比在更炎热的地方慢，但它们远离了许多常见疾病。)”可知，火山土壤种植的作物虽生长速度慢于炎热地区，但能远离许多常见疾病。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“This offers a great advantage, especially since most bananas are grown as monocrops-large areas with only one type of plant-which makes them highly vulnerable to disease.(这提供了一个巨大的优势，尤其是因为大多数香蕉都是单一作物种植—— 即大片区域只种植一种植物—— 这使它们对疾病高度……。)”可推测，大多数香蕉采用单一作物种植（大片区域只种一种植物），这一种植方式会让香蕉对疾病“高度 vulnerable”。结合前文提到火山土壤种植的作物“远离许多常见疾病”，形成对比——单一作物种植与火山土壤种植的抗病性相反，因此 “vulnerable” 应表示“易受影响的、脆弱的”。选项A“weak”，意为“脆弱的、易受伤害的”，与此相符。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“At first, farmers like Moisés Pulido thought this was a disaster. They couldn’t have imagined that the volcano might actually help them.(起初，像Moisés Pulido这样的农民认为这是一场灾难。他们万万没有想到，这座火山实际上可能会帮助他们。)”以及第三段“Luckily, the volcanic ash that buried the farms helps protect the banana plants from the fungus.(幸运的是，掩埋了农场的火山灰有助于保护香蕉植株免受这种真菌的侵害。)”可知，文章主要讲述了火山喷发后的土壤助力香蕉抵御真菌威胁，主要围绕火山带来的意外解决方案展开。选项B“A Volcanic Solution for Bananas(香蕉的火山解决方案)”精准概括全文核心，即火山喷发后的土壤成为抵御香蕉真菌病害的关键助力。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江G5联盟-11月·期中）A team led by University of Maryland (UMD) computer scientists has invented a camera named the Artificial Microsaccade-Enhanced Event Camera (AMI-EV), which improves how robots see and react to the world around them. “Event cameras are a relatively new technology better at tracking moving objects than traditional cameras, but today’s event cameras struggle to catch sharp images when there’s a lot of movement included,” said the paper’s lead author He Botao. Tracking moving objects is a big problem because robots and many other technologies — such as self-driving cars — depend on accurate (精确的) and timely images to react correctly to a changing environment. So, researchers asked themselves: How do humans and animals make sure their vision (视野) stays focused on a moving object? For He’s team, the answer was microsaccades, small and quick eye movements that happen when a person tries to focus their view. Through these minute yet continuous movements, the human eyes can keep focusing on an object and its visual textures — such as color, depth and shadow — accurately over time. Just like how human eyes need those tiny movements to stay focused, the camera uses a similar method to get clear and accurate images without movement-caused cloudiness. According to Aloimonos, a professor of computer science at UMD, human eyes take pictures of the world around us and those pictures are sent to the brain, where the images are processed. Perception (感知) happens through that process and that’s how people understand the world. When researchers are working with robots, they replace the eyes with a camera and the brain with a computer. Better cameras mean better perception and reactions for robots. The researchers believe that their invention could have important applications beyond robotics. People working in industries that depend on accurate image recording or shape detection of moving targets are continually looking for ways to improve their cameras, and the AMI-EV could be the key solution to many of the problems they face. With its unique characters, the AMI-EV is supposed to take center stage in the field of smart wearable technology. 1.What is the AMI-EV designed for? A. Making taking pictures easier. B. Replacing traditional cameras. C. Taking photos more continuously. D. Following moving objects better. 2.Why does the writer mention how human eyes work? A. To help us understand how the new camera works. B. To explain why human vision is better than machines. C. To point out the weaknesses of current robots. D. To show how technology is always advancing. 3.Who might benefit most from the applications of the AMI-EV? A. Fitness equipment designers. B. Self-driving car repairmen. C. Documentary directors. D. Professional athletes. 4.What could be a suitable title for the text? A. The Working Pattern of Human Eyes B. Improved Cameras Inspired by Human Eyes C. The Importance of Smart Cameras D. Wide Future Applications of Smart Cameras 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马里兰大学的一个研究团队发明了一种名为人工微扫视增强事件相机(AMI-EV)的相机，该相机提高了机器人对周围世界的感知和反应能力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A team led by University of Maryland (UMD) computer scientists has invented a camera named the Artificial Microsaccade-Enhanced Event Camera (AMI-EV), which improves how robots see and react to the world around them.(由马里兰大学(UMD)计算机科学家领导的一个团队发明了一种名为人工微扫视增强事件相机(AMI-EV)的相机，该相机提高了机器人对周围世界的感知和反应能力)”和第二段中“Event cameras are a relatively new technology better at tracking moving objects than traditional cameras (事件相机是一项相对较新的技术，比传统相机更擅长追踪运动物体)”可知，AMI-EV是为了更好地追踪移动物体而设计的。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“For He’s team, the answer was microsaccades, small and quick eye movements that happen when a person tries to focus their view. Through these minute yet continuous movements, the human eyes can keep focusing on an object and its visual textures — such as color, depth and shadow — accurately over time. Just like how human eyes need those tiny movements to stay focused, the camera uses a similar method to get clear and accurate images without movement-caused cloudiness.(对于何的团队来说，答案是微扫视，即当一个人试图集中视线时发生的小而快速的眼球运动。通过这些微小而持续的运动，人类的眼睛可以随着时间的推移持续准确地聚焦于一个物体及其视觉纹理，如颜色、深度和阴影。就像人类的眼睛需要这些微小的动作来保持聚焦一样，这种相机也使用类似的方法来获得清晰准确的图像，而不会因运动而产生模糊)”可推知，作者提到人眼的工作方式是为了与新相机进行类比，帮助我们理解新相机的工作原理。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“People working in industries that depend on accurate image recording or shape detection of moving targets are continually looking for ways to improve their cameras, and the AMI-EV could be the key solution to many of the problems they face.(在依赖精确图像记录或运动目标形状检测的行业工作的人一直在寻找改进相机的方法，而AMI-EV可能是解决他们面临的许多问题的关键)”可推知，纪录片导演在拍摄过程中需要精确捕捉移动目标的图像，因此他们最有可能从AMI-EV的应用中受益。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A team led by University of Maryland (UMD) computer scientists has invented a camera named the Artificial Microsaccade-Enhanced Event Camera (AMI-EV), which improves how robots see and react to the world around them.(由马里兰大学(UMD)计算机科学家领导的一个团队发明了一种名为人工微扫视增强事件相机(AMI-EV)的相机，该相机提高了机器人对周围世界的感知和反应能力)”和第三段中“For He’s team, the answer was microsaccades, small and quick eye movements that happen when a person tries to focus their view. Through these minute yet continuous movements, the human eyes can keep focusing on an object and its visual textures — such as color, depth and shadow — accurately over time. Just like how human eyes need those tiny movements to stay focused, the camera uses a similar method to get clear and accurate images without movement-caused cloudiness.(对于何的团队来说，答案是微扫视，即当一个人试图集中视线时发生的小而快速的眼球运动。通过这些微小而持续的运动，人类的眼睛可以随着时间的推移持续准确地聚焦于一个物体及其视觉纹理，如颜色、深度和阴影。就像人类的眼睛需要这些微小的动作来保持聚焦一样，这种相机也使用类似的方法来获得清晰准确的图像，而不会因运动而产生模糊)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种受人类眼睛启发而改进的新型相机AMI-EV。故B项“Improved Cameras Inspired by Human Eyes(受人类眼睛启发的改进相机)”概括文章内容，最适合作本文标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·浙江七彩阳光·期中）Spring is the season to harvest West Lake Longjing tea. Nowadays, it is picked not only by human workers but also by tea-picking robots! At the end of March, Hangzhou welcomed its peak period for large-scale harvesting. In one tea garden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-tech University made its debut (首次亮相) after five years of research and development. With a pull and a suck, the robotic arm separates the buds from the branches and then puts them into a temporary storage box. “The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data,” said Chen Jianneng, one of the researchers. This allows the robot to automatically identify tea buds with a success rate of over 90 percent. Yet, the robot’s efficiency needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale. According to Professor Wu Chuanyu, the robot can currently only perform the work of 1.5 workers. It would need to do the work of 5 workers to be feasible on a larger scale. Additionally, the robot can now only be used on flat terrain (地形), not on more complex surfaces such as mountains. It may take five to ten years to realize these goals. Tea planting and processing are also becoming “smarter”. For example, there are special lamps that can attract pests but will not hurt other “friendly” insects. This equipment can operate 24-7, using color panels and lights to draw pests in day and night and then kill them with an electric grid. In terms of tea roasting, although machine-roasted tea is quite widespread, many tea enthusiasts argue that this method lacks the authentic (真正的) flavor of tea made by hand-roasting. Researchers at Zhejiang University are trying to measure the subtle differences between the two methods to enhance machine performance. They’re researching AI technologies to enable them to gain data and make adjustments to roasting methods and temperatures in real time. 1.How does the robot know which parts to pick? A. By using heat sensors to find the warmest leaves. B. By picking any green part it touches by chance. C. By following a fixed path and picking everything there. D. By learning from tea bud images to identify the correct buds. 2.The underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 3 most likely means ________. A. Necessary. B. Workable. C. Useful. D. Cheap. 3.What can we learn about the tea-picking robots from the passage? A. They can identify every tea bud without failure. B. They can work on flat ground and complex mountain areas as well. C. They can only help with picking tea but not other production steps. D. They have not been widely applied yet because of their limitations. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Technology is Changing Tea Production B. West Lake Longjing Tea: A Spring Harvest C. From Bud to Cup: The Life of a Tea Leaf D. The Challenges Facing Tea-Picking Robots 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西湖龙井采茶季中采茶机器人亮相，以及科技在茶叶种植、加工中的应用与现状。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data.(这款机器人通过一个识别模型学习技能，该模型为它提供了大量的茶芽图像数据)”可知，机器人通过学习茶芽图像来识别要采摘的正确茶芽。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“According to Professor Wu Chuanyu, the robot can currently only perform the work of 1.5 workers. It would need to do the work of 5 workers to be feasible on a larger scale.(据武传宇教授介绍，这款机器人目前只能完成1.5名工人的工作量。要想在更大范围内feasible，它需要能完成5名工人的工作量)”可知，机器人当前效率不足，需达到5名工人的工作量才能在更大范围推广使用，因此feasible意为“可行的”，与Workable意义相近。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet, the robot’s efficiency needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale.(然而，这款机器人的效率仍需提高，才能大规模投入使用)”和“Additionally, the robot can now only be used on flat terrain, not on more complex surfaces such as mountains.(此外，该机器人目前只能在平坦地形上使用，无法在山地等更复杂的地形上作业)”可推知，采茶机器人因效率不足、适用地形有限等局限，尚未广泛应用。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Nowadays, it is picked not only by human workers but also by tea-picking robots!(如今，采摘龙井不仅有人工，还有采茶机器人！)”、第四段中的“Tea planting and processing are also becoming “smarter”.(茶叶的种植和加工也正变得“更智能”)”可知，文章围绕采茶机器人、防虫设备、AI烘焙技术等展开，核心是科技对茶叶生产的改变。因此A项“科技如何改变茶叶生产”最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江金砖高中联盟-11月·期中）An international team of scientists has made a surprising discovery: some types of bacteria (细菌) living inside tumors can actually produce a special molecule (分子) that helps our body fight cancer. We usually think such bacteria are in our gut or on our skin, but new research shows that tumors have their own unique ones that can help too. This exciting finding was published in the journal Cell Systems. The researchers focused on a powerful molecule named 2-methylisocitrate (2-MiCit). This molecule is made by a common bacterium called E. coli, which was found living inside colorectal tumors (结直肠肿瘤). How did they find it? They first tested over 1,100 different conditions using tiny worms as a simple model. After this, they used computer models to check their discovery and confirmed that bacteria taken from real cancer patients' tumors could also produce 2-MiCit. The most important part of the study happened when they tested 2-MiCit directly on human cancer cells in the lab and on fruit flies that had colorectal cancer. In both experiments, the molecule showed strong anti-cancer effects. It successfully killed cancer cells and even helped the sick flies live longer. Professor Filipe Cabreiro, one of the lead scientists, explained, “We are starting to understand the chemical conversation between bacteria and cancer cells. This bacterial chemical can be a powerful partner for chemotherapy (化疗) to treat cancer.” So, how does it work? The study shows that 2-MiCit attacks the energy centers of the cancer cells. This attack causes damage to the cell’s DNA and weakens the cancer cell. Because the cancer cells are weaker, they become much easier to kill with a common chemotherapy drug called 5-FU. Using 2-MiCit and 5-FU together was much more effective at killing cancer cells than using either one by itself. Furthermore, the scientists created a changed, stronger, man-made version of the 2-MiCit molecule. This shows that we have the potential to create new and better drugs for cancer. These findings open up new paths for cancer treatment and personalized medicine. 1.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To discuss the side effects of a drug. B. To explain how bacteria can be harmful. C. To recommend a new drug which is helpful to fight cancer. D. To introduce a new finding on how bacteria help fight cancer. 2.What can we infer from Professor Filipe Cabreiro’s words? A. The talk between bacteria and cancer cells is fully known now. B. The way bacteria and cancer cells interact can be used for treatment. C. Chemotherapy is not needed for cancer treatment anymore. D. Personal microbes are not important for personalized medicine. 3.According to the passage, how does 2-MiCit help fight cancer? A. By replacing chemotherapy drugs. B. By providing energy for healthy cells. C. By damaging the DNA of cancer cells. D. By making the walls of cancer cells stronger. 4.Which of the following is TRUE based on the passage? A. 2-MiCit was first found in human patients. B. Using 2-MiCit with 5-FU was less effective. C. A more powerful version of 2-MiCit was made. D. The research only studied bacteria on the skin. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即生活在肿瘤内部的一些细菌能够产生一种特殊分子，帮助人体对抗癌症。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“An international team of scientists has made a surprising discovery: some types of bacteria living inside tumors can actually produce a special molecule that helps our body fight cancer.(一个国际科学家团队有了一个惊人的发现：生活在肿瘤内部的一些细菌实际上可以产生一种特殊分子，帮助我们的身体对抗癌症。)”可知，文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于细菌如何帮助对抗癌症的新发现。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“We are starting to understand the chemical conversation between bacteria and cancer cells. This bacterial chemical can be a powerful partner for chemotherapy to treat cancer.(我们开始了解细菌和癌细胞之间的化学对话。这种细菌化学物质可以成为化疗治疗癌症的强大伙伴。)”可知，科学家们开始了解细菌和癌细胞之间的相互作用，并且这种相互作用可以用于癌症治疗。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study shows that 2-MiCit attacks the energy centers of the cancer cells. This attack causes damage to the cell’s DNA and weakens the cancer cell.(研究表明，2-MiCit攻击癌细胞的能量中心。这种攻击会破坏细胞的DNA，削弱癌细胞。)”2-MiCit通过破坏癌细胞的DNA来削弱癌细胞。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, the scientists created a changed, stronger, man-made version of the 2-MiCit molecule.(此外，科学家们创造了一种改变的、更强的、人造的2-MiCit分子版本。)”可知，科学家们制造出了更强大的2-MiCit版本。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江浙东北ZDB联盟·期中）Doctors often recommend a form of Vitamin B3, called nicotinamide, to patients who have had skin cancer (癌症). A new study, published in JAMA Dermatology, adds more evidence to support this practice. The research included nearly 34,000 patients with a history of non-melanoma skin cancers, finding that those who took nicotinamide had a lower risk of developing the non-melanoma skin cancers again. The greatest benefit was seen in those who started taking the nicotinamide soon after their first skin cancer diagnosis (诊断). For this group, participants who took 500 mg twice daily for at least one month had a 54% lower risk of developing a new skin cancer compared to those who did not take it. Across all participants, the average was reduced by 14%. This finding has influenced medical practice. Dr. Sarah Arron, a skin cancer expert, commented that the results were helpful. Before, she was uncertain about when to recommend the nicotinamide. But now she plans to recommend it to patients after their first skin cancer diagnosis. She added that the nicotinamide is widely available, has minimal side effects, and is different from niacin, another Vitamin B3 form without the same functions. However, the study also leaves some questions unanswered. It is still unclear whether people without any history of skin cancer would benefit from taking the nicotinamide. Dr. Arron suggests that high-risk individuals might benefit, but more research is needed. Additionally, the study did not examine whether Vitamin B3 has any effect on melanoma, a more dangerous type of skin cancer. It is also unknown whether skincare products containing Vitamin B3, popular for improving skin appearance, have any cancer-prevention benefits. In conclusion, nicotinamide is helpful in dealing with skin cancer for specific high-risk groups. But Dr. Arron still reminds public that the best prevention strategies are well-known: using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing. 1.According to the research, who might benefit the MOST from taking nicotinamide? A. People who have never had any skin cancer. B. People who use skincare products containing Vitamin B3. C. People who are diagnosed with their first skin cancer. D. People who have had multiple skin cancers before. 2.What was Dr. Arron’s attitude towards nicotinamide after the new study? A. Opposed. B. Uncertain. C. Confident. D. Indifferent. 3.The study can be improved in the following aspects EXCEPT_____________. A. exploring its effect on people who have never had skin cancer B. proving the differences between nicotinamide and niacin C. checking if Vitamin B3 skincare products can prevent cancer D. studying its influence on the dangerous melanoma 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Vitamin B3: Effective in Treating Melanoma B. Vitamin B3: Better Than Sunscreen for Skin Protection C. Nicotinamide: A Complete cure for Skin Cancers D. Nicotinamide: Reducing Risk of Skin Cancer Returning 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了维生素B3(烟酰胺)可降低非黑色素瘤皮肤癌复发风险的研究发现及医学应用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The greatest benefit was seen in those who started taking the nicotinamide soon after their first skin cancer diagnosis (诊断).(最显著的效果体现在那些在首次被诊断出患有皮肤癌后不久就开始服用烟酰胺的人群中)”可知，首次诊断出皮肤癌的人服用烟酰胺能获得最大的好处。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Sarah Arron, a skin cancer expert, commented that the results were helpful. Before, she was uncertain about when to recommend the nicotinamide. But now she plans to recommend it to patients after their first skin cancer diagnosis.(皮肤癌专家萨拉·阿伦博士表示，这些结果很有帮助。此前，她对于何时推荐使用烟酰胺一直不太确定。但现在，她计划在患者首次确诊皮肤癌后向他们推荐使用这种药物)”可知，Arron博士以前不确定烟酰胺的使用时间，但是现在，她更加确定了它的用处。由此推知，她对于烟酰胺的使用更有自信了。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“It is still unclear whether people without any history of skin cancer would benefit from taking the nicotinamide. Dr. Arron suggests that high-risk individuals might benefit, but more research is needed. Additionally, the study did not examine whether Vitamin B3 has any effect on melanoma, a more dangerous type of skin cancer. It is also unknown whether skincare products containing Vitamin B3, popular for improving skin appearance, have any cancer-prevention benefits.(目前尚不清楚没有皮肤癌病史的人服用烟酰胺是否会有益处。阿伦博士表示，高风险人群可能会受益，但还需要更多的研究来证实这一点。此外，该研究并未考察维生素B3对黑色素瘤（一种更危险的皮肤癌类型）是否有任何影响。同样不清楚的是，那些因改善皮肤外观而广受欢迎、含有维生素B3的护肤产品是否具有任何预防癌症的益处)”可知，研究在“探究其对从未患过皮肤癌的人群的影响”、“探究维生素B3美容产品是否能预防癌症”及“研究其对恶性黑色素瘤的影响”方面可以得到提升，但是没有提到研究“烟酰胺与烟酸之间的差异”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Doctors often recommend a form of Vitamin B3, called nicotinamide, to patients who have had skin cancer (癌症). A new study, published in JAMA Dermatology, adds more evidence to support this practice.(医生通常会向患有皮肤癌的患者推荐一种名为烟酰胺的维生素B3片剂。发表在《美国医学会皮肤病学杂志》上的最新研究又为这一做法提供了更多支持性的证据)”及全文内容可知，本文讲述了维生素B3（烟酰胺）可降低非黑色素瘤皮肤癌复发风险的研究发现及医学应用。由此可知，D选项“烟酰胺：降低皮肤癌复发风险”为最佳文章标题。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江北仑中学·期中）In today’s world, bad news seems endless — wars, economic crises, and climate disasters fill headlines. Yet, many of us can’t stop checking our phones for updates, even late into the night. This habit, known as “doom-scrolling”, traps people in a cycle of consuming negative content. Humans naturally focus on threats — a survival need from ancient times. Early humans who noticed dangers like predators (掠食者) had better chances to survive. Modern media uses this natural ability, prioritizing shocking headlines with the rule “if it bleeds, it leads.” Social media now acts like a digital “lion in the grass”, feeding our brains endless alerts about global crises. Christopher Ferguson, a psychology professor at Stetson University, explains, “People who struggle with uncertainty are especially open to doom-scrolling.” This habit resembles contemplation (沉思) — repeating dark thoughts without solving problems. Research suggests heavy social media use may worsen mental health, linking it to depression and anxiety. Even if the cause-effect relationship is unclear, losing sleep over endless scrolling certainly harms mood. Physical effects are also emerging. Dan Nicolau, an immunobiologist at King’s College London, found that frequent social media users may have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation (炎症). This could result from the body preparing for imagined threats, leading to long-term inflammation linked to diseases. To escape this cycle, start by distancing yourself from your phone. Delete app shortcuts or use tools to limit screen time. Ferguson advises, “Social media should mostly be fun. Ask yourself: Are you enjoying this?” If not, create a plan. For example, use a catchphrase like “Stop scrolling” to interrupt the habit. Finally, avoid panicking about your tech use — small, mindful steps can rebuild a healthier relationship with your devices. By understanding why doom-scrolling happens and taking practical actions, we can reclaim our time and mental well-being. His final tips? Don’t doom-scroll about doom-scrolling. “It’s healthy to reflect on our relationship with technology. Just try not to panic while doing it,” Perguson said. 1.Why do people tend to focus on threats naturally? A. People enjoy consuming negative content. B. It is a survival need inherited from ancestors. C. Modern media prioritizes shocking headlines. D. Social media keeps informing us of global crises. 2.How does the author organize the information in Paragraph 3? A. By proving clear causes of health problems. B. By listing experts’ opinions from both sides. C. By showing study findings with explanations. D. By warning about risks and advising solutions. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Various doom-scrolling habits. B. Media’s role in doom-scrolling. C. The lasting effects of doom-scrolling. D. Strategies to overcome doom-scrolling. 4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. Stop researching doom-scrolling. B. Avoid discussing doom-scrolling. C. Don’t over-worry about doom-scrolling. D. Don’t learn about doom-scrolling online. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“末日刷屏”这一现象，包括其产生的原因、对人们身心健康的影响以及克服这一习惯的策略。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Humans naturally focus on threats — a survival need from ancient times. Early humans who noticed dangers like predators (掠食者) had better chances to survive. (人类天生就关注威胁 —— 这是从古代遗传下来的生存需求。早期注意到掠食者等危险的人类有更好的生存机会。)”可知，人们倾向于关注威胁是因为这是从祖先那里遗传下来的生存需求。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research suggests heavy social media use may worsen mental health, linking it to depression and anxiety. (研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会恶化心理健康，将其与抑郁和焦虑联系起来。)”以及“Dan Nicolau, an immunobiologist at King’s College London, found that frequent social media users may have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation (炎症). This could result from the body preparing for imagined threats, leading to long-term inflammation linked to diseases. (伦敦国王学院的免疫生物学家丹·尼科劳发现，频繁使用社交媒体的人体内C反应蛋白水平可能更高，这是一种炎症标志物。这可能是由于身体为想象中的威胁做准备，导致与疾病相关的长期炎症。)”可知，作者在第三段中通过展示研究结果并给出解释来组织信息。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“To escape this cycle, start by distancing yourself from your phone. (为了摆脱这个循环，首先要远离你的手机。)”以及“Finally, avoid panicking about your tech use — small, mindful steps can rebuild a healthier relationship with your devices. (最后，不要对你的科技使用感到恐慌 —— 小而谨慎的步骤可以重建你与设备之间更健康的关系。)”可知，第四段主要讨论了克服“末日刷屏”的策略。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中划线句后Perguson所说的“It’s healthy to reflect on our relationship with technology. Just try not to panic while doing it (反思我们与技术的关系是健康的。只是尽量不要在这样做的时候感到恐慌)”可知，Perguson建议不要过度恐慌于“末日刷屏”这一行为，即不要过度担心“末日刷屏”。所以划线句子的意思是“不要过度担心‘末日刷屏’”。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州第二中学·期中）A new study from UBC Okanagan says students appear to be using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) responsibly, and as a way to speed up tasks, not just improve their grades. Dr. Meaghan MacNutt, who teaches professional ethics (伦理学) in the UBCO School of Health and Exercise Sciences (HES), recently published a study which goes against common concerns about students’ use of AI. Students in three different courses, almost 400 participants, completed a survey about their use of AI on at least five reflective writing assignments. All three courses used an identical AI policy and students had the choice to use the tool for their writing. While only about one-third of the students used AI, the majority of users, 81 percent, reported their GenAI use was inspired by at least one of the following factors: speed and ease in completing the assignment, a desire for high grades and a desire to learn. About 15 percent of the students said they were motivated by all three factors, with more than 50 percent using it to save time on the assignment. “There is a lot of speculation (猜想) when it comes to students’ use of AI,” MacNutt says. “However, students in our study reported that GenAI use was motivated more by learning than by grades, and they are using GenAI tools selectively (有选择地) and in ways they believe are ethical and supportive of their learning. This was somewhat unexpected due to the common view that undergraduate students have become increasingly focused on grades at the expense of learning.” MacNutt says continued research in this area can only provide a better understanding of student behaviour and attitudes as GenAI technologies continue to advance. She also suggests, while AI continues to be used more frequently, that institutions and educators adopt an approach that reflects “collaboration with” rather than “surveillance of” students. 1.What can be inferred about Dr. MacNutt’s study? A. Participants were too limited. B. Policies on AI tool usage vary. C. AI is a choice for writing tasks. D. The survey focused on writing skills. 2.What was the main motivation for the majority of GenAI users in the study? A. To improve academic performance. B. To achieve higher grades effortlessly. C. To replace their own writing entirely. D. To gain an absolute advantage over others. 3.The underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 5 means ________. A. Ignoring. B. Monitoring. C. Understanding. D. Encouragement. 4.What is the significance of Dr. MacNutt’s study? A. It highlights common concerns about GenAI in education. B. It warns that GenAI might encourage shortcuts in learning. C. It proves that GenAI helps students improve their grades quickly. D. It shows that students can use GenAI responsibly to support learning. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了UBC奥肯那根分校的一项研究，发现学生使用生成AI时表现出负责任态度，主要动机是提高学习效率和辅助学习，而非仅追求高分。研究挑战了人们对学生滥用AI的常见担忧，并为教育者提供了新的思考方向。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“All three courses used an identical AI policy and students had the choice to use the tool for their writing. (这三门课程都使用了相同的人工智能策略，学生可以选择在写作中使用该工具。)”可知，学生可自主选择是否在写作任务中运用该工具。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“While only about one-third of the students used AI, the majority of users, 81 percent, reported their GenAI use was inspired by at least one of the following factors: speed and ease in completing the assignment, a desire for high grades and a desire to learn. (虽然只有大约三分之一的学生使用人工智能，但大多数用户（81%）表示，他们使用GenAI的灵感至少来自以下因素之一：完成作业的速度和易用性，对高分的渴望以及对学习的渴望。)”可知，大多数使用者的动机是多方面的，包括完成作业的便捷性、对高分的渴望以及对学习的渴望。这些因素综合起来，本质上都是为了提升学业表现。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段“She also suggests, while AI continues to be used more frequently, that institutions and educators adopt an approach that reflects “collaboration with” rather than “surveillance of” students. (她还建议，尽管人工智能继续被更频繁地使用，但机构和教育工作者应该采取一种反映“与学生合作”而不是 学生的方法。)”，其中“surveillance”与“collaboration with”（与……合作）形成了明显的语义对比。结合整句话的语境，可以推断出教育机构和教育者在对待学生使用人工智能这件事上，应该采取合作的态度，而不是一种对立、监管的态度。所以划线词意思是“监管”，和“Monitoring”意思相近，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study from UBC Okanagan says students appear to be using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) responsibly, and as a way to speed up tasks, not just improve their grades. (UBC奥卡纳根大学的一项新研究表明，学生们似乎在负责任地使用生成式人工智能（GenAI），并将其作为一种加速任务的方式，而不仅仅是提高成绩。)”以及第四段“However, students in our study reported that GenAI use was motivated more by learning than by grades, and they are using GenAI tools selectively (有选择地) and in ways they believe are ethical and supportive of their learning. (然而，在我们的研究中，学生们报告说，使用GenAI的动机更多的是学习而不是成绩，他们有选择性地使用GenAI工具，并以他们认为合乎道德和支持学习的方式使用。)”可知该研究的核心意义在于揭示学生能够以负责任的态度使用GenAI，并且将其作为一种辅助学习的有效方式。故选D。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江浙里特色联盟-11月·期中）Exams make us anxious. The silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the proud expression of the person sitting at the neighboring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do worse than those who do not. What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review. Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take. During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock exam (模拟考) 40 days before the real thing. To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?” Dr. Theobald found that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict (预测) exam performance at all. What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student showed in the mock and the earlier digital-learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, no matter how anxious they were on the day. What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety on the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to review during the exam itself. To reduce the anxiety, Dr. Theobald suggests a two-fold strategy for students. First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can reduce the importance of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life-or-death situation. 1.What causes poor exam results according to the research? A. The passing time. B. The proud neighbor. C. The quiet exam hall. D. The stressful review. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Who did the research. B. How the research was done. C. What was found in the research. D. Where the research was carried out. 3.When does anxiety most affect exam performance? A. On the day of the real exam. B. When students take the mock exam. C. During the days before practice tests. D. While students study before the real exam. 4.What does Dr. Theobald advise students to do? A. Build up self-confidence. B. Avoid talking about the exam. C. Study harder before the exam. D. Attach great importance to tests. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究发现考试焦虑的核心影响因素是复习期间的压力，而非考试当天的紧张，并给出了相应的减压建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research recently published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of review.(根据玛丽亚·西奥博尔德最近发表的研究，或许令人惊讶的是，造成这个问题的并非考场压力，而是复习压力。)”可知，研究表明导致考试成绩不佳的原因是复习期间的压力。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Dr. Theobald worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final state exam, the most important that they take. During the 100 days before that, the students used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock exam 40 days before the real thing. To know their levels of anxiety, they were asked every day including the days of the mock and the real exam to give themselves 1-5 points to questions like “How much do I feel tense and nervous?”(西奥博尔德博士对309名正在准备最终州考（这是他们参加的最重要的考试）的学生进行了研究。在考试前的100天里，学生们使用了一个数字学习平台，平台会向他们提供往年的考试题目并记录他们的表现。他们还在正式考试前40天参加了一场模拟考。为了了解他们的焦虑水平，包括模拟考和正式考试当天在内，他们每天都要对“我感到多么紧张不安？”这类问题给自己打1-5分。)”可知，该段详细介绍了研究的对象、过程、使用的工具及数据收集方式，核心是说明研究是如何开展的。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What actually affected students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety on the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to review during the exam itself.(事实证明，真正影响学生的是考试前几周的高度焦虑。学生在考试前几天的焦虑程度越高，那段时间的知识获取量就越低，导致他们在考试中可复习的内容也就越少。)”可知，焦虑对考试表现的影响主要发生在正式考试前的复习阶段。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“To reduce the anxiety, Dr. Theobald suggests a two-fold strategy for students. First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know.(为了减轻焦虑，西奥博尔德博士为学生们提出了一个双重策略。首先，他们可以通过提醒自己已经掌握了多少知识来增强对自身能力的信心。)”可知，西奥博尔德博士建议学生要建立自信心。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江乐清知临中学·期中）Dirty sodas, a mixed drink that combines (混合) your favorite soft drink with add-ins like cream or coffee creamer and sweeteners, started to rise a few years ago but recently gained nationwide attention in the TV shows. Now, people are trying out different combinations and sharing methods online. According to Yelp, users have been looking to get their hands on one with searches for “dirty soda” up 609% compared to September 2023. “What makes this trend (趋势) so exciting is its endless customizability (可定制性),” said Yelp’s trend expert Tara Lewis. “Recently, we’re even seeing new methods that use protein shakes instead of cream. As we head into Sober October, we also see this trend changing into a fun cocktail and expect to continue to see this growth as more people search for non-alcoholic alternatives (非酒精替代品) past Dry January. ” As the latest drink craze to hit social media, we asked nutrition (营养) experts what they thought about the mixed drink. “There’s nothing wrong with dirty soda itself — it’s just a sweet drink with added sweeteners and creamers. The amount of sugar you’d get from one really depends on whether you’re using diet or regular soda, and sugar-free or creamer,” said Christine Byrne, an expert and owner of Ruby Oak Nutrition. “Dirty soda should be looked at as an occasional (偶尔的) treat, the same as cake, soda, sugary coffee drinks and any other high-calorie, low-nutrient food,” she added. As choices have been shown in recent studies to be connected with negative health effects, dirty soda has also come into question. Dirty soda is very high in calories coming from sugar and possibly saturated fat if the drink contains cream. “We know regularly eating foods high in sugar and saturated fat has something to do with an increased risk for many health conditions like obesity, heart disease, diabetes and several types of cancer,” Byrne said. 1.Why is the figure mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To show the importance of dirty sodas. B. To introduce the combinations of dirty sodas. C. To show the popularity of dirty sodas in the whole country. D. To prove the influence of TV on people in the whole nation. 2.What makes the mixed drink trend interesting? A. People can make dirty sodas with different things as they like. B. TV shows introduce many interesting dirty sodas. C. Dirty sodas can be mixed with non-alcohol choices. D. Experts provide ways to live a healthy life. 3.What can we infer from Christine Byrne’s statements? A. We should avoid dirty sodas. B. We should avoid too much sugar when having dirty sodas. C. Dirty sodas is healthy and full of nutrition. D. Dirty sodas is unhealthy and harmful. 4.What does the text focus on? A. Dirty drink and its methods. B. Interesting drink and its benefits. C. The latest drink trend and its health influence. D. Dirty sodas and its development. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了介绍“脏苏打水”这一最新的饮品趋势及其对健康的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Dirty sodas, a mixed drink that combines (混合) your favorite soft drink with add-ins like cream or coffee creamer and sweeteners, started to rise a few years ago but recently gained nationwide attention in the TV shows. Now, people are trying out different combinations and sharing methods online. According to Yelp, users have been looking to get their hands on one with searches for “dirty soda” up 609% compared to September 2023.(“脏苏打水”是一种混合饮品，将你喜爱的软饮料与奶油或咖啡奶精等添加物以及甜味剂混合在一起。这种饮品几年前开始流行起来，但最近在电视节目中引起了全国性的关注。如今，人们正在尝试不同的组合方式，并在网上分享制作方法。据 Yelp 数据显示，用户对“脏苏打水”的搜索量较2023年9月增长了609%)”可知，第一段提到了数字其目的是为了展示“脏苏打水”在全国范围内的受欢迎程度，故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段““What makes this trend (趋势) so exciting is its endless customizability (可定制性),” said Yelp’s trend expert Tara Lewis.(Yelp的趋势专家塔拉·刘易斯表示：“这一趋势之所以如此令人兴奋，是因为其具有无限的可定制性。”)”可知，这种混合饮料趋势有趣的原因是它有无尽的可定制性，即人们可以根据自己的喜好使用不同的材料来制作脏苏打水。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The amount of sugar you’d get from one really depends on whether you’re using diet or regular soda, and sugar-free or creamer,” said Christine Byrne, an expert and owner of Ruby Oak Nutrition.(“你从一杯饮料中能摄入的糖分量，很大程度上取决于你所饮用的是无糖还是普通苏打水，以及是否添加了无糖奶精或普通奶精。”瑞伯克奥克营养公司的专家兼老板克里斯汀·伯恩说道)”及““Dirty soda should be looked at as an occasional (偶尔的) treat, the same as cake, soda, sugary coffee drinks and any other high-calorie, low-nutrient food,” she added.(她补充说：“脏苏打水”应该被视为一种偶尔享用的零食，就像蛋糕、苏打水、含糖咖啡饮料以及任何其他高热量、低营养的食物一样。”)”可知，Christine Byrne认为“脏苏打水”应该被当作偶尔的享受，且其含糖量取决于所用的苏打类型及是否含糖或含奶精等，由此可推断出在喝“脏苏打水”时应避免摄入过多的糖，故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dirty sodas, a mixed drink that combines (混合) your favorite soft drink with add-ins like cream or coffee creamer and sweeteners, started to rise a few years ago but recently gained nationwide attention in the TV shows. Now, people are trying out different combinations and sharing methods online. According to Yelp, users have been looking to get their hands on one with searches for “dirty soda” up 609% compared to September 2023.(“脏苏打水”是一种混合饮品，将你喜爱的软饮料与奶油或咖啡奶精等添加物以及甜味剂混合在一起。这种饮品几年前开始流行起来，但最近在电视节目中引起了全国性的关注。如今，人们正在尝试不同的组合方式，并在网上分享制作方法。据 Yelp 数据显示，用户对“脏汽水”的搜索量较2023年9月增长了609%)”以及文章首先介绍了“脏苏打水”这种饮料的兴起及受欢迎程度，接着提到其可定制性的有趣之处，最后重点讲述了营养专家对这种混合饮料的看法，包括其与潜在负面健康影响的关联等，所以文章主要聚焦于最新的这种饮料趋势及其对健康的影响，故选C。 主题语境03 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·浙江北仑中学·期中）Some foods are highly processed or ultra-processed. Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have become increasingly popular and range from chips to microwave meals and even bread. Even just a casual glance at supermarket shelves reveals a collection of UPF offerings in delicate and attractive packaging. Besides their affordability, UPF not only offer time-saving convenience, but also momentary satisfaction filled with fat, sugar, salt and additives. After all, who can resist enjoying a tasty snack when lost in a football game or an exciting new TV series? Although much is discussed about the direct negative impact of these products on our health, including obesity, heart diseases and diabetes, little has been said about the impacts of UPF on the environment. The most serious environmental impacts of UPF-rich diets mainly come from the post-farm stages, especially from the final product creation and packaging processes. One specific additive that has the most environmental impact is palm oil. Palm oil is responsible for deforestation of some of the world’s big forests, which have diverse animals and plants. It is one of the world’s most consumed vegetable oils that can be found in half of our food. The massive waste generated by over-packaged UPF is another factor to consider. Their plastic packaging doesn't degrade in landfills or in nature and has a dramatic impact on soil health and life in the sea. One recent study published in Nature Sustainability demonstrates that UPF processing and packaging stages have the greatest environmental impacts of the whole system and are a major source of environmental waste worldwide. The environmental impact of ultra-processed foods cannot be ignored any longer. While producers must take action, it is our growing awareness of what we buy and how it is produced that drives real change. By choosing wisely — whether by rejecting heavily processed options or supporting sustainable brands — we exercise the power to shape a better food system, a responsibility we must embrace. 1.What can be learned about UPF from the first paragraph? A. They are primarily consumed during casual leisure activities. B. They are carefully produced to be environmentally friendly. C. They are filled with various kinds of healthy added nutrients. D. They are favored by many for their fancy packages and flavors. 2.Why palm oil was introduced in the text? A. To compare it with some other vegetable oils. B. To explain UPF's harmful environmental effects. C. To show its relationship with animals and plants. D. To discuss factors of UPF's packaging-related pollution. 3.What does the author think of the role we play in fighting UPF? A. Tiny. B. Essential. C. Replaceable. D. Limited. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. From Shelf to Soil: the Hidden Journey of UPF B. Fast and Cheap: UPF Take Over Our Daily Diets C. Beyond the Shelf: UPF Are Harming the Planet D. Convenience at a Cost: the Health Damage of UPF 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了超加工食品（UPF）的普及现象及其对环境和人类健康的潜在影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have become increasingly popular and range from chips to microwave meals and even bread. Even just a casual glance at supermarket shelves reveals a collection of UPF offerings in delicate and attractive packaging. Besides their affordability, UPF not only offer time-saving convenience, but also momentary satisfaction filled with fat, sugar, salt and additives. After all, who can resist enjoying a tasty snack when lost in a football game or an exciting new TV series? (超加工食品（UPF）越来越受欢迎，从薯片到微波食品，甚至面包都有。即使只是随便看一眼超市的货架，也能看到包装精美、诱人的UPF产品。除了价格实惠，UPF不仅提供了节省时间的便利，还提供了充满脂肪、糖、盐和添加剂的短暂满足感。毕竟，当沉浸在足球比赛或激动人心的新电视剧中时，谁能抵挡得住美味零食的诱惑呢？)”可知，超加工食品以其精美的包装和美味受到许多人的青睐。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“One specific additive that has the most environmental impact is palm oil. Palm oil is responsible for deforestation of some of the world’s big forests, which have diverse animals and plants. It is one of the world’s most consumed vegetable oils that can be found in half of our food. (对环境影响最大的一种特定添加剂是棕榈油。棕榈油是导致世界上一些大森林被砍伐的原因，这些森林里有各种各样的动植物。它是世界上消费量最大的植物油之一，在我们一半的食物中都能找到。)”可知，文中提到棕榈油是为了解释UPF对环境的有害影响。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While producers must take action, it is our growing awareness of what we buy and how it is produced that drives real change. By choosing wisely — whether by rejecting heavily processed options or supporting sustainable brands — we exercise the power to shape a better food system, a responsibility we must embrace. (虽然生产商必须采取行动，但我们对购买什么以及如何生产的日益增长的意识才是推动真正变革的动力。通过明智的选择——无论是拒绝过度加工的产品还是支持可持续的品牌——我们行使了塑造更好食品体系的权力，这是我们必须承担的责任。)”可知，作者认为我们在对抗UPF中起着至关重要的作用。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Although much is discussed about the direct negative impact of these products on our health, including obesity, heart diseases and diabetes, little has been said about the impacts of UPF on the environment. (虽然关于这些产品对我们健康的直接负面影响，包括肥胖、心脏病和糖尿病，已经讨论了很多，但关于UPF对环境的影响却很少被提及。)”和第三段中“One recent study published in Nature Sustainability demonstrates that UPF processing and packaging stages have the greatest environmental impacts of the whole system and are a major source of environmental waste worldwide. (最近发表在《自然可持续性》杂志上的一项研究表明，UPF的加工和包装阶段对整个系统的环境影响最大，是全球环境废物的主要来源。)”可知，文章主要讲述了超加工食品（UPF）对环境的有害影响，所以C项“Beyond the Shelf: UPF Are Harming the Planet (货架之外：超加工食品正在危害地球)”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·浙江乐清知临中学·期中）“A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof (隔音的) room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 1.What can we know from the six-year experiment? A. Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequency. B. Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. C. Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D. Plants make the sound of the same frequency whatever the situation. 2.What is the algorithm used for in the research? A. To record the sounds. B. To control the sounds. C. To produce the sounds. D. To identify the sounds. 3.What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A. Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B. Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C. Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. D. Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. 4.Which of the following is the best title of the text? A. Sounds That We Can’t Hear B. Beautiful Songs from Plants C. Plants React to Different Types of Stress D. Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段““A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(“一片美丽的花田可能是一个相当嘈杂的地方。只是我们听不到声音。”特拉维夫大学的科学家们进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。)”以及第二段“Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study.(植物会发出高频率的咔哒声，当缺水或受损时，咔哒声会变得更有规律。它们也会发出不同的声音，这取决于它们是口渴还是受伤。“每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的声音有关，”领导这项研究的利拉克·哈达尼教授说。)”可知，这项为期六年的实验表明植物在有压力的情况下会发出有规律的声音。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants.(研究人员使用了一种算法来分离噪音，成功地根据它们缺水还是受到切割来区分声音。该算法在温室环境中进行了这项工作，温室环境中有更多的周围声音，但它仍然能够识别出植物的特殊呼救声。)”可知，该算法用来分离噪音，辨别声音。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agriculural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them.(几年前，中国农业大学的Reda Hassanien领导的一项研究也证明了植物对声波的反应，一些植物的产量大大提高。虽然有证据表明植物可以对声音做出反应，但现在还没有证据表明它们真的能听到声音。)”可知，植物可以发出声音并对声波做出反应。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段““A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(“一片美丽的花田可能是一个相当嘈杂的地方。只是我们听不到声音。”特拉维夫大学的科学家们进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。所以“Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed(植物会说话，尤其是在有压力的时候)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州第二中学·期中）Animals appear to predict (预测) earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras showed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr R$